LA CHN MY XI T TY THUC VO IU KIN S DNG

SELECTION OF A DIGGING MACHINE ACCONDING TO USING

CONDITIONS
TS. Nguyn Danh Sn
B mn C Gii Ha XN XD , Khoa C Kh, Trng H Bch Khoa Tp.HCM.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TM TT
Bi bo trnh by vic la chn my xi t hp l thi cng cc loi t cng. Thng qua
vic ti u ha cc ch tiu hiu qu s dng my nh thi gian chu k lm vic ti thiu, nng sut s
dng ti a v khi lng my ti u chn ra mt loi my xi trong s cc my c trn th trng
hoc c trong i my ca x nghip vi khi lng v cng sut ph hp vi iu kin s dng.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the seletion of a rational digging machine of hard soils. After optimizing
effective norms of machine using, such as minimum working period of machine, the highest efficiency
and optinal weight of machine. We propose a selection of digging machines which are coming onto the
market or using in enterprise. The selection is based on rational weight and power and adapts to using
conditions.

Yu t quan trng tng hiu qu

my xy dng v lm ng l m bo cng
tc bo tr v s dng ti u my. Cc loi my
xi t chim mt v tr c bit trong c gii
ha cc cng tc lm t vng i ni, khi thi
cng cc loi t cng. Vit Nam c nhiu
vng i ni vi t cng th vic dng my
xi thi cng t c ngha ln. Phng
php dng my xi ph t trong thi gian
hin ti v trong tng lai vn l phng php
c hiu qu, n gin v cho php trong a s
iu kin s dng, khi thi cng cc loi t
cng.
S ti u ha cc thng s v iu kin
s dng my xi t trong xy dng ni chung
v trong ngnh xy dng ng giao thng ni
ring l mt vn cp thit. Vic xc nh
khi lng ti u ca my xi l vn quan
trng v lc ko ca my xi c xc nh
bng tch ca khi lng my v h s bm ca
my xi. Khi lng ti u ca my xi c
xc nh trn c s phn tch cc ch tiu hiu
qu nh thi gian ca chu k lm vic v nng
sut ca my.

Thi gian chu k lm vic c xc

nh di dng tng cc thi gian cho mi
nguyn cng ca chu k lm vic:
tck = t1 + t2 + t3 + t4
(gy)
trong : t1 thi gian a rng xi vo t.
t2 thi gian xi, (gy).
t3 thi gian hnh trnh ngc (gy).
t4 thi gian cho cc nguyn cng ph
nh nng h li xi, thi gian c ng, tng
tc v phanh hm my, (gy).
Cc nguyn cng chnh ca qu trnh
l nguyn cng xi (t2) v nguyn cng hnh
trnh ngc (t3).
Thi gian cho cc nguyn cng cn li
mang tnh cht ph, hp l nn tnh bng h s.
Trn c s , thi gian ca chu k lm vic
ca my xi c th vit di dng tng ca hai
tr s:

t ck = k ph .x .t 2 + k ph .ng .t 3

(1)

trong Kph.x l h s tnh n thi gian a

li xi vo t, c gi tr thc nghim v xc
nh theo biu thc:

k ph .x = ( 1 +

t1
)
t2

trong :
lx qung ng hnh trnh ngc ca my
xi ly bng qung ng xi; lng = lx (m).
vng tc hnh trnh ngc hay tc hnh
trnh khng ti, (m/gy).

; Kph.x = 1,2 1,5

Tr s vng c xc nh qua cc thng s khai

thc k thut ca my xi:

kph.ng l h s tnh n thi gian c

ng, tng tc, phanh hm..v.v.

k ph .ng

t
= (1+ 4 )
t3

vng =

; Kph.ng 1,7

k x .k ph .x .b.h.l .n.k2
m.g .vlv

, (gy)

t3 =

(2)

k3 =

( b f i )( 1 x ).ki

l h s

kx lc cn xi ring (N/m2), tr s thc

nghim.
b chiu rng ca li xi, (m).
h chiu su xi, (m).
l qung ng xi, (m).
n s rng ca my xi.
m khi lng my, (kg).
g = 9,81 (m/gy2) gia tc trng trng.
b h s bm t ca my xi, b = 0,6 0,7.
- hiu sut truyn ng ca my xi, =
0,85.
f h s cn di chuyn my xi, f = 0,1 0,2.
i dc ca a hnh, i = 0 0,05.
x h s trt khi xi t, x = 0,15 0,2.
vlv tc lm vic trung bnh ca my xi, v
= 0,5 1,5 m/gy.
ki h s tnh n kh nng a gu vo ng
vt liu khi tng tc, ki 1, thng th ki 1.
Thi gian my xi tr v v tr ban u
hay thi gian hnh trnh ngc hoc thi gian
hnh trnh khng ti c xc nh theo cng
thc:

lx
v ng

(3)

( b f i )
- h s tnh n tnh
( 1 ng ). .kc

cht ko bm ca my xi trong hnh trnh

ngc.
N cng sut ca ng c (w)
ng h s trt ca my xi trong
hnh trnh ngc, ng = 0,1 0,2.
kc h s cht ti ng c khi my xi
thc hin hnh trnh ngc, kc = 0,8 0,85.

tnh n tnh cht ko bm ca my xi.

t3 =

m.g .l ng .x .k ph .ng .k 3

trong :

trong :

k2 =

(m/gy)

Trn c s ta c:

Thi gian xi xc nh theo cng thc

ca gio s V.I.Balpvnhp:

t2 =

N ( 1 x ). .kc
m.g .( b f i )

Thi gian chu k lm vic ca my xi

di dng hm s ca cc thng s khai thc
k thut ca qu trnh l ch tiu hiu qu ca
qu trnh xi. Trn c s cng thc (2) v (3)
tr s ny c xc nh di dng tng ca
hai s hng:

tck =

k x .k ph .x .b.h.k .n.k2
m.g .vlv

m.g .l .k3 .k ph .ng

N
(4)

Khi lng t xi c sau mt chu

k lm vic ca my c xc nh theo biu
thc:
qx = kt .b.h.l .n (m3)
(5)
trong :
kt h s ti ca t, kt = 2 5
Nng sut my xi l mt trong nhng
ch tiu hiu qu c xc nh theo cng thc:

(gy)

k1 .qx
tck

Q=

(m3/g)

Nng sut tnh ton ph hp vi gi tr

nng sut o c trong qu trnh th nghim
my. Nh vy cng thc (7) phn nh tnh cht
din bin ca qu trnh xi t. N c th dng
tnh ton khi xc nh hiu qu cc my xi
v ti u ha chng.
Thi gian chu k lm vic tck v nng
sut Q l nhng ch tiu hiu qu lm vic
quan trng ca my xi. Thi gian tck cng nh
th nng sut my cng ln v my cng tt.
S phn tch cc ch tiu hiu qu (4)
v (6) cho php kt lun rng cc tr s ti u
ca cc ch tiu ny s c c ng vi mt gi
tr khi lng xc nh ca my.
Khi lng ti u ca my xi mopt
c xc nh trn c s cho o hm bc nht
theo khi lng ca biu thc (4) bng 0.

(6)

trong :

k1 =

3600.ktg
kt

- h s th nguyn.

ktg h s s dng my theo thi gian.

Trn c s cc cng thc (4) v (6) ta
nhn c tr s nng sut s dng ca my
xi di dng hm s ca cc thng s khai
thc k thut ca h.

Q=

k1
k .k .k
k
.m.g .k3
( x ph .x 2 + ph .ng
)
m.g .vlv .k t
N .b.h.n.kt
3

(m /g)

(7)

Khi
lng
my m
(kg)

Nng sut
thc
nghim Q
(m3/g)

Nng
sut tnh
ton l
thuyt Q
(m3 / g)

Sai
s %

1 300000

242.000

52.600

150 160

134

17

2 500000

242.000

52.600

150 160

133

17

3 700000

242.000

52.600

109 146

129

18

4 300000

300.000

49.930

187 212

171

14

5 500000

300.000

49.930

150 160

168

6 700000

300.000

49.930

109 146

163

27

Loi
t
kx
(N/m2)

k x .k ph .x .b.h.l .n.k 2

mopt = (

m .g .vlv

k ph .ng .g .l .k 3
N

=0

k x .k ph .x .b.h.N .k4
)
g 2 .vlv .k ph .ng

(kg)

(8)

trong : k4 h s c trng cho tnh cht ko

bm ca my xi.

2 .( 1 ng ).kc
k4 =
( b f i )2 .( 1 x ).ki
S phn tch cc cng thc nhn c
cho php kt lun rng cc ch tiu hiu qu
ca my xi c gi tr ti u tck = min v Q =
max ti mt gi tr xc nh ca khi lng
my v lc ko do my pht trin trong cc
iu kin s dng xc nh v Topt = mopt. b v
nhng thng s khc khng i (N, kx ..).
Khi lng ti u v vy th lc ko ca my
ph thuc vo cc yu t k thut v s dng.
Khi lng ti u mopt ca my xi s tng
cng vi s tng cng sut ca ng c (N),
lc cn xi ring ca t (kx), din tch tit din
rnh xi (b.h). Khi lng ti u gim cng
vi s tng tc lm vic ca my xi (vlv).
My xi vi cc thng s k thut xc
nh m, N, vlv , h, b v cc thng s khc
khng i th xi t hiu qu vi loi t c

Tr s tnh ton

Cg sut
ng c
N (w)

T
T

T ta c:

Kim tra cc kt qu tnh ton nng

sut my xi khi so snh vi s liu thc
nghim sn xut. Nng sut ca my xi c
o khi xi t c bn C = 40 50, my xi
c cng sut 242 kw, khi lng m = 52,6 tn
vi tc xi vlv = 0,5 0,7 m/gy [3].
Nng sut thc nghim Q = 150 160
m3/g.
Nng sut l thuyt tnh ton c xc
nh theo cng thc (7) vi cc tr s sau:
ki = 1 ; k2 = 1,5 ; kx = 0,5 MPa ; vlv =
0,7 m/gy ; b = 0,1 m ; h = 0,7 m ; k3 = 1,5 ; kt
= 1,3 ; kph.x = 1 ; n = 1
Nng sut thc nghim

ck

 cng nht nh (kx). Trong cc iu kin

khc th my xi lm vic km hiu qu hn,
nng sut gim v tng tiu tn nng lng xi
t.
S la chn mt my xi hp l trong
s my c trn th trng hay trong s my
hin c i my ca x nghip thi cng t
trong nhng iu kin s dng xc nh c th
thc hin c theo cng thc (8). Trng hp
ny vi mt cng sut my (N) cho trc v
cc thng s khc ngi ta xc nh gi tr ti
u ca khi lng my (mopt). Theo tr s mopt
v N la chn my c cc thng s khi lng
v cng sut gn vi tr s tnh ton.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Balovnhep B.I Osenka phektivnxchi
dordznc i comunalnc masin po texnhikoekxpluata xionm pokazateliam, M.2002.
2. Zakhartruc B.Z; Teluskin B.. Sli G.A .
Buldozer i rcxliteli, M. 1982.
3. Kholodv A.M . Nhichke, Zemlerin
Transportnie masin, Visa Skla, 1982.