GV: L Minh Tin

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

CHUYN :

PHNG PHP LUYN TP

TH TCH KHI A DIN

N TP 3 KIN THC C BN HNH HC LP 12

A. TH TCH KHI A DIN
I/ Cc cng thc th tch ca khi a din:
1. TH TCH KHI LNG

TR:
h

V= B.h
B : die
n tch a
y

vi

u cao
h: chie

a) Th tch khi hp ch nht:

V = a.b.c
vi a,b,c l ba kch thc
c
a

b) Th tch khi lp phng:

V = a3
vi a l di cnh

b
a

a
a

2. TH TCH KHI CHP:

1
3

V= Bh

B : die
n tch a
y
u cao
h: chie

vi

3. T S TH TCH T
DIN:
Cho khi t din SABC v A, B,
C l cc im ty ln lt
thuc SA, SB, SC ta c:

S
C'
A'

B'
C

VSABC
VSA 'B'C '

SA SB SC
SA ' SB' SC'

4. TH TCH KHI CHP CT:

h
V B B' BB'
3
B, B': die
n tch hai a
y
vi
u cao
h: chie

II/ Bi tp:

A'

B'
C'

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

LOI 1:
1) Dng 1:

GV: L Minh Tin

TH TCH LNG TR

Khi lng tr ng c chiu cao hay cnh y

V d 1: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic ABC vung

cn ti A c cnh BC = a 2 v bit A'B = 3a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
C'

A'
B'
3a

C
a 2

A
a

Li gii:
Ta c
VABC vung cn ti A nn AB = AC = a
ABC A'B'C' l lng tr ng AA ' AB
VAA 'B AA '2 A 'B2 AB2 8a2
AA ' 2a 2
Vy V = B.h = SABC .AA' = a3 2

V d 2: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD.ABCD' c cnh bn bng 4a v ng

cho 5a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr ny.
Li gii:
C'
D'
ABCD A'B'C'D' l lng tr ng nn
BD2 = BD'2 - DD'2 = 9a2 BD 3a
A'
3a
B'

AB

ABCD
l
hnh
vung
4a
2
5a
2
9a
C
D
Suy ra B = SABCD =
4
Vy V = B.h = SABCD.AA' = 9a3
A
B
V d 3: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u cnh
a = 4 v bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
Li gii:
Gi I l trung im BC .Ta c
V ABC u nn

C'

A'
B'

AI

C
I
B

AB 3
2 3 & AI BC
2

A 'I BC(dl3 )
2S
1
SA'BC BC.A 'I A 'I A'BC 4
2
BC
AA ' (ABC) AA ' AI .
VA 'AI AA ' A 'I 2 AI 2 2
Vy : VABC.ABC = SABC .AA'= 8 3

V d 4: Mt tm ba hnh vung c cnh 44 cm, ngi ta ct b i mi gc

GV: L Minh Tin

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

tm ba mt hnh vung cnh 12 cm ri gp li thnh mt ci hp ch nht

khng c np. Tnh th tch ci hp ny.
C'

D'

A'

D'

D'

A'

B'
D

A'

Gii
C'
Theo bi, ta c
C C' AA' = BB' = CC' = DD' = 12 cm
nn ABCD l hnh vung c
AB = 44 cm - 24 cm = 20 cm
v chiu cao hp h = 12 cm
B B'
Vy th tch hp l
V = SABCD.h = 4800cm3
B'

V d 5: Cho hnh hp ng c y l hnh thoi cnh a v c gc nhn bng

600 ng cho ln ca y bng ng cho nh ca lng tr.
Tnh th tch hnh hp .

C'

D'
B'

A'

D
A

60

2)Dng 2:

Li gii:
Ta c tam gic ABD u nn : BD = a
a2 3
v SABCD = 2SABD =
2

a 3
a 3
2
VDD'B DD' BD'2 BD 2 a 2
a3 6
Vy V = SABCD.DD' =
2

Theo bi BD' = AC = 2

Lng tr ng c gc gia ng thng v mt phng.

V d 1: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic

vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit A'B hp vi y ABC mt gc 600 .
Tnh th tch lng tr.
C'

A'

B'

A
60o
B

Li gii:
Ta c A 'A (ABC) A 'A AB& AB l
hnh chiu ca A'B trn y ABC .
ABA ' 60o
Vy gc[A 'B,(ABC)]
VABA ' AA ' AB.tan 600 a 3
1
a2
SABC = BA.BC
2
2
a3 3
Vy V = SABC.AA' =
2

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

GV: L Minh Tin

V d 2: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic

= 60 o bit BC' hp vi (AA'C'C) mt gc 300.
vung ti A vi AC = a , ACB
Tnh AC' v th tch lng tr.
Li gii: VABC AB AC.tan60o a 3 .
A'
C'
Ta c:
AB AC;AB AA ' AB (AA 'C'C)
nn AC' l hnh chiu ca BC' trn (AA'C'C).
Vy gc[BC';(AA"C"C)] =
BC'A = 30o
B'
o
30
AB
VAC'B AC'
3a
tan30o
V =B.h = SABC.AA'
C
A
a
VAA 'C' AA ' AC'2 A 'C'2 2a 2
o
2
60
VABC l na tam gic u nn SABC a 3
2
B
3
Vy V = a 6
V d 3: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a
v ng cho BD' ca lng tr hp vi y ABCD mt gc 300.
Tnh th tch v tng din tch ca cc mt bn ca lng tr .
Gii:
Ta c ABCD A'B'C'D' l lng tr ng nn ta c:
A'
D'
DD' (ABCD) DD' BD v BD l hnh chiu
ca BD' trn ABCD .
Vy gc [BD';(ABCD)] =
DBD' 300
o
C
B
a 6
30
VBDD' DD' BD.tan 300
D
3
A
3
a 6
4a 2 6
Vy V = SABCD.DD' =
S = 4SADD'A' =
a
3
3
V d 4: Cho hnh hp ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh
o
o
a v
BAD = 60 bit AB' hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 30 .
Tnh th tch ca hnh hp.
C'

B'

Gii

C'

B'

VABD u cnh a SABD

A'

D'

60

o
30
o

3) Dng 3:

a2 3
4

a2 3
2
VABB' vung tiB BB' ABtan30o a 3
3a3
Vy V B.h SABCD.BB'
2
SABCD 2SABD

Lng tr ng c gc gia 2 mt phng

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

GV: L Minh Tin

V d 1: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic

vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit (A'BC) hp vi y (ABC) mt gc
600 .Tnh th tch lng tr.
Li gii:
A'
C'
Ta c A 'A (ABC)& BC AB BC A 'B
B'
ABA ' 60o
Vy gc[(A 'BC),(ABC)]
VABA ' AA ' AB.tan 600 a 3
1
a2
S
BA.BC

ABC =
A
C
2
2
o
60
a3 3
Vy V = SABC.AA' =
B
2
V d 2: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u . Mt
(ABC) to vi y mt gc 300 v din tch tam gic ABC bng 8.
Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
Gii: VABC u AI BC m AA' (ABC)
C'
A'
nn A'I BC (l 3 ).
'IA = 30o
Vy gc[(A'BC);)ABC)] = A
2x 3
x 3 .Ta c
2
2 AI 2 x 3
A' AI : A' I AI : cos 30 0

2x
3
3

Gi s BI = x AI

B'

30o

3
x
3
Vy VABC.ABC = CI.AI.AA = x3 3
M SABC = BI.AI = x.2x = 8 x 2
Do VABC.ABC = 8 3
AA = AI.tan 300 = x 3.

V d 3: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh y a v mt phng

(BDC') hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60o.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

D'

C'

A'

B'

60 0

O
B

GV: L Minh Tin

Gi O l tm ca ABCD . Ta c
ABCD l hnh vung nn OC BD
CC' (ABCD) nn OC' BD (l 3 ). Vy

gc[(BDC');(ABCD)] = COC'
= 60o
Ta c V = B.h = SABCD.CC'
ABCD l hnh vung nn SABCD = a2
VOCC' vung nn CC' = OC.tan60o = a 6
2
3
a 6
Vy V =
2

V d 4: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = 2a ; mt phng

(A'BC) hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60o v A'C hp vi y (ABCD) mt
gc 30o .Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.

D'

A'
C'

B'
2a

o
60

A
o
30

4) Dng 4:

Ta c AA' (ABCD) AC l hnh chiu

ca A'C trn (ABCD) .
Vy gc[A'C,(ABCD)] =
A 'CA 30o
BC AB BC A'B (l 3 ) .
Vy gc[(A'BC),(ABCD)] =
A 'BA 60o
VA 'AC AC = AA'.cot30o = 2a 3
2a 3
VA 'AB AB = AA'.cot60o =
3
4a 6
VABC BC AC2 AB2
3
3
16a 2
Vy V = AB.BC.AA' =
3

Khi lng tr xin

V d 1: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
u cnh a , bit cnh bn l a 3 v hp vi y ABC mt gc 60o .
Tnh th tch lng tr.
A'

C'
B'

A
a

o
60
H

Li gii:
Ta c C'H (ABC) CH l hnh chiu ca
CC' trn (ABC)
C'CH 60o
Vy gc[CC',(ABC)]
3a
VCHC' C'H CC'.sin 600
2
2
a 3
3a 3 3
SABC =
.Vy V = SABC.C'H =
4
8

GV: L Minh Tin

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

V d 2: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
u cnh a . Hnh chiu ca A' xung (ABC) l tm O ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic ABC bit AA' hp vi y ABC mt gc 60 .
1) Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht.
2) Tnh th tch lng tr .
Li gii:
C'
1) Ta c A 'O (ABC) OA l hnh chiu
ca AA' trn (ABC)
' 60o
Vy gc[AA ',(ABC)] OAA
Ta c BB'CC' l hnh bnh hnh ( v mt
B'
bn ca lng tr)
AO BC ti trung im H ca BC nn
BC A 'H (l 3 )
BC (AA 'H) BC AA ' m AA'//BB'
60o
A
nn BC BB' .Vy BB'CC' l hnh ch nht.
2
2a 3 a 3
C
2) VABC u nn AO AH

O
3
3 2
3
a
H
VAOA ' A 'O AO t an60o a
a3 3
B
Vy V = SABC.A'O =
4
V d 3: Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi
AB = 3 AD = 7 .Hai mt bn (ABBA) v (ADDA) ln lt to vi y
nhng gc 450 v 600. . Tnh th tch khi hp nu bit cnh bn bng 1.

A'

D'
C'

'NH 60o

A 'MH 45o,A

A'

t AH = x . Khi
2x
AN = x : sin 600 =
3

B'

D
C

N
A

H
M

Li gii:
K AH ( ABCD ) ,HM AB, HN AD
A' M AB, A' N AD (l 3 )

3 4x 2
AN = AA' A' N
HM
3
M HM = x.cot 450 = x
2

3 4x 2
3
Ngha l x =
x
3
7
Vy VABCD.ABCD = AB.AD.x
3
= 3. 7.
3
7

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

TH TCH KHI CHP

LOI 2:
1) Dng 1:

GV: L Minh Tin

Khi chp c cnh bn vung gc vi y

V d 1: Cho hnh chp SABC c SB = SC = BC = CA = a . Hai mt (ABC)

v (ASC) cng vung gc vi (SBC). Tnh th tch hnh chp .
Li gii:
Ta c
(ABC) (SBC)
AC (SBC)

(ASC) (SBC)

a_
C

/
/

1
1 a2 3
a3 3
Do V SSBC .AC
a
3
3 4
12

\
S

V d 2: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi

AC = a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v SB hp vi y mt gc 60o.
1) Chng minh cc mt bn l tam gic vung .
2)Tnh th tch hnh chp .

A
60o

Li gii:
1) SA (ABC) SA AB &SA AC
m BC AB BC SB ( l 3 ).
Vy cc mt bn chp l tam gic vung.
2) Ta c SA (ABC) AB l hnh chiu
ca SB trn (ABC).
Vy gc[SB,(ABC)] =
SAB 60o .
a
VABC vung cn nn BA = BC =
2
2
1
a
SABC = BA.BC
2
4
a 6
VSAB SA AB.tan60o
2
2
1
1a a 6 a3 6
Vy V SABC .SA

3
34 2
24

V d 3: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit SA

vung gc vi y ABC v (SBC) hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 60o.
Tnh th tch hnh chp .

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

Li gii: Ml trung im ca BC,v tam gic

ABC u nn AM BC SA BC (l3 ) .
Vy gc[(SBC);(ABC)] =
SMA 60o .
1
1
Ta c V = B.h SABC .SA
3
3
3a
VSAM SA AM tan60o
2
1
1
a3 3
Vy V = B.h SABC.SA
3
3
8

A
60 o
a

GV: L Minh Tin

M
B

V d 4: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a v SA

vung gc y ABCD v mt bn (SCD) hp vi y mt gc 60o.
1) Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD.
2) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SCD).
Li gii: 1)Ta c SA (ABC) v
CD AD CD SD ( l 3 ).(1)

Vy gc[(SCD),(ABCD)] = SDA
= 60o .
VSAD vung nn SA = AD.tan60o = a 3
1
1
a3 3
Vy V SABCD .SA a2a 3
3
3
3
2) Ta dng AH SD ,v CD (SAD) (do (1) )
nn CD AH AH (SCD)
Vy AH l khong cch t A n (SCD).
1
1
1
1 1
4
VSAD

AH2 SA 2 AD2 3a2 a2 3a2

a 3
Vy AH =
2

S
H

60 o

2) Dng 2 :

Khi chp c mt mt bn vung gc vi y

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a

Mt bn SAB l tam gic u nm trong mt phng vung gc vi yABCD,
1) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AB.

2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.

S

A
B

H
a

Li gii:
1) Gi H l trung im ca AB.
VSAB u SH AB
m (SAB) (ABCD) SH (ABCD)
Vy H l chn ng cao ca khi chp.
2) Ta c tam gic SAB u nn SA = a 3
2
3
1
a 3
suy ra V SABCD .SH
3
6

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

GV: L Minh Tin

V d 2: Cho t din ABCD c ABC l tam gic u ,BCD l tam gic vung
cn ti D , (ABC) (BCD) v AD hp vi (BCD) mt gc 60o .
Tnh th tch t din ABCD.
Li gii:
A
Gi H l trung im ca BC.
Ta c tam gic ABC u nn AH (BCD) , m
(ABC) (BCD) AH (BCD) .
a
Ta c AH HD AH = AD.tan60o = a 3
a 3
& HD = AD.cot60o =
B
3
60 o
D
H
VBCD BC = 2HD = 2a 3 suy ra
3
C
1
11
a3 3
V = SBCD .AH . BC.HD.AH
3
32
9
V d 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, c
BC = a. Mt bn SAC vung gc vi y, cc mt bn cn li u to vi mt
y mt gc 450.
a) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AC.
b) Tnh th tch khi chp SABC.
S
Li gii:
a) K SH BC v mp(SAC) mp(ABC) nn SH
mp(ABC).
Gi I, J l hnh chiu ca H trn AB v BC
45o
SI AB, SJ BC, theo gi thit
SIH SJH
Ta c: SHI SHJ HI HJ nn BH l
H
A
45
C ng phn gic ca VABC suy ra H l trung
im ca AC.
I
J
3
a
1
a
b) HI = HJ = SH = VSABC= S ABC .SH
B
2
3
12

GV: L Minh Tin

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

3) Dng 3 :

Khi chp u

V d 1: Cho chp tam gic u SABC cnh y bng a v cnh bn bng 2a.
Chng minh rng chn ng cao k t S ca hnh chp l tm ca tam gic
u ABC.Tnh th tch chp u SABC .
Li gii:
Dng SO (ABC) Ta c SA = SB = SC suy
ra OA = OB = OC
Vy O l tm ca tam gic u ABC.
Ta c tam gic ABC u nn
2
2a 3 a 3
AO = AH

3
3 2
3
11a2
VSAO SO2 SA 2 OA 2
3
a 11
1
a3 11
SO
.Vy V SABC .SO
3
12
3

S
2a

A
a

H
B

V d 2:Cho khi chp t gic SABCD c tt c cc cnh c di bng a .

1) Chng minh rng SABCD l chp t gic u.
2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.

Li gii:
Dng SO (ABCD)
Ta c SA = SB = SC = SD nn
OA = OB = OC = OD ABCD l
hnh thoi c ng trn gnoi tip
nn ABCD l hnh vung .
Ta c SA2 + SB2 = AB2 +BC2 = AC2
a 2
2
3
V 1 S ABCD .SO 1 a 2 a 2 a 2
3
3
2
6

nn VASC vung ti S OS
O
A

Vy V

a3 2
6

V d 3: Cho khi t din u ABCD cnh bng a, M l trung im DC.

a) Tnh th tch khi t din u ABCD.
b)Tnh khong cch t M n mp(ABC).Suy ra th tch hnh chp MABC.

GV: L Minh Tin

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

D
M

C
O
I

H
a

Li gii:
a) Gi O l tm ca ABC DO ( ABC )
1
V S ABC .DO
3
a2 3
2
a 3
, OC CI
S ABC
3
3
4
a 6
DOC vung c : DO DC 2 OC 2
3
1 a 2 3 a 6 a3 2
V
.

3 4
3
12
b) K MH// DO, khong cch t M n
mp(ABC) l MH
1
a 6
MH DO
2
6
1
1 a 2 3 a 6 a3 2
VMABC S ABC .MH
.

3
3 4
6
24

Vy V

a3 2
24

Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho hnh chp u SABC c cnh bn bng a hp vi y ABC mt gc
3a3
o
60 . Tnh th tch hnh chp.
s: V
16
Bi 2: Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh bn a, gc y ca mt bn
l 45o.
a
1) Tnh di chiu cao SH ca chp SABC .
s: SH =
3
a3
2) Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC.
s: V
6
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh y a v mt bn hp vi y
a3 3
o
mt gc 60 . Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC.
s: V
24
Bi 4 : Cho chp tam gic u c ng cao h hp vi mt mt bn mt gc 30o .
h3 3
Tnh th tch hnh chp.
s: V
3
Bi 5 : Cho hnh chp tam gic u c ng cao h v mt bn c gc nh
h3 3
bng 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
s: V
8

o
Bi 6 : Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c cnh y a v ASB 60 .
a2 3
1) Tnh tng din tch cc mt bn ca hnh chp u.
s: S
3
3
a 2
2) Tnh th tch hnh chp.
s: V
6

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

GV: L Minh Tin

Bi 7 : Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c chiu cao h ,gc nh ca mt bn

2h3
bng 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
s: V
3
o
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp t gic u c mt bn hp vi y mt gc 45 v khong
cch t chn ng cao ca chp n mt bn bng a.
8a3 3
Tnh th tch hnh chp .
s: V
3
Bi 9: Cho hnh chp t gic u c cnh bn bng a hp vi y mt gc 60o.
a3 3
Tnh th tch hnh chp.
s: V
12
Bi 10: Cho hnh chp SABCD c tt c cc cnh bng nhau. Chng minh rng
SABCD l chp t gic u.Tnh cnh ca hnh chp ny khi th tch ca
9a3 2
n bng V
.
s: AB = 3a
2
4) Dng 4 :
Khi chp & phng php t s th tch
V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c tam gic ABC vung cn B, AC a 2 ,
SA vung gc vi y ABC , SA a
1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC.
2) Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC, mt phng ( ) qua AG v song song
vi BC ct SC, SB ln lt ti M, N. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.AMN
Li gii:

1
S ABC .SA v SA a
3
+ ABC cn c : AC a 2 AB a
1
1 1
a3
S ABC a 2 Vy: VSABC . a 2 .a
2
3 2
6
b) Gi I l trung im BC.
SG 2

G l trng tm,ta c :
SI 3
a)Ta c: VS . ABC

N
C

A
M

I
B

// BC MN// BC SM SN SG 2
SB

VSAMN SM SN 4

VSABC
SB SC 9

4
2a 3
Vy: VSAMN VSABC
9
27

SC

SI

GV: L Minh Tin

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

V d 2: Cho tam gic ABC vung cn A v AB a . Trn ng thng qua C

v vung gc vi mt phng (ABC) ly im D sao cho CD a . Mt phng qua
C vung gc vi BD, ct BD ti F v ct AD ti E.
a) Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD.
b) Chng minh CE ( ABD)
c) Tnh th tch khi t din CDEF.
Li gii:
1
a3
D
a)Tnh VABCD : VABCD SABC .CD
3
6
F
AB

AC
,
AB

CD
AB ( ACD )
b)Tac:
AB EC

Ta c:

E
B

DB EC EC ( ABD)

c) Tnh VDCEF :Ta c:

VDCEF DE DF

.
(*)
VDABC DA DB

M DE.DA DC 2 , chia cho DA2

DE DC 2
a2
1

DA DA2 2a 2 2
DF DC 2
a2
1

Tng t:
DB DB 2 DC 2 CB 2 3

T(*)

3
VDCEF 1
.Vy VDCEF 1 VABCD a
VDABC 6
6
36

V d 3: Cho khi chp t gic u SABCD. Mt mt phng ( ) qua A, B v

trung im M ca SC . Tnh t s th tch ca hai phn khi chp b phn chia
bi mt phng .
Li gii:
K MN // CD (N SD) th hnh thang ABMN
l thit din ca khi chp khi ct bi mt
phng (ABM).

M D

A
O

SN

SAND

VSANB VSADB VSABCD

+V
SD 2
2
4
SADB

VSBMN SM SN 1 1 1
1
1

.
. VSBMN VSBCD VSABCD
VSBCD
SC SD 2 2 4
4
8
3
M VSABMN = VSANB + VSBMN = VSABCD .
8
5
Suy ra VABMN.ABCD = VSABCD
8
VSABMN
3

Do : V
5
ABMN . ABCD

GV: L Minh Tin

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

V d 4: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD, y l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn

to vi y gc 60 . Gi M l trung im SC. Mt phng i qua AM v song
song vi BD, ct SB ti E v ct SD ti F.
a) Hy xc nh mp(AEMF)
b) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.AEMF
d)
Li gii:
a) Gi I SO AM . Ta c (AEMF) //BD
S
EF // BD
b) VS . ABCD
M
E

+ VSOA c : SO AO.tan 60
I

C
F
O

1
S ABCD .SO vi S ABCD a 2
3

Vy : VS . ABCD

a 6
2

a3 6

c) Phn chia chp t gic ta c

VS . AEMF = VSAMF + VSAME =2VSAMF

VS . ABCD = 2VSACD = 2 VSABC

Xt khi chp S.AMF v S.ACD
SM 1

Ta c :
SC 2
SAC c trng tm I, EF // BD nn:

VSAMF SM SF 1
SI SF 2

VSACD SC SD 3
SO SD 3

VSAMF

1
1
a3 6
VSACD VSACD
3
6
36

VS . AEMF

a3 6 a3 6
2

36
18

V d 5: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA vung

gc y, SA a 2 . Gi B, D l hnh chiu ca A ln lt ln SB, SD. Mt
phng (ABD) ct SC ti C.
a) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
b) Chng minh SC ( AB ' D ')
c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD

GV: L Minh Tin

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

Li gii:
a) Ta c: VS . ABCD

D'

b) Ta c BC ( SAB ) BC AB '
& SB AB ' Suy ra: AB ' ( SBC )
nn AB' SC .Tng t AD' SC.
Vy SC (AB'D')
c) Tnh VS . A B 'C ' D '

B'

C'

VSAB 'C ' SB ' SC '

.
(*)
VSABC SB SC
SC ' 1

SAC vung cn nn
SC
2
SB ' SA2
2a 2
2a 2 2
Ta c:
2 2

SB SB
SA AB 2 3a 2 3
VSAB ' C '
1

T (*)
VSABC
3

+Tnh VS . AB 'C ' : Ta c:

A
O
C

1
a3 2
S ABCD .SA
3
3

VSAB 'C '

1 a 3 2 a3 2
.

3 3
9

+ VS . A B 'C ' D ' 2VS . A B 'C '

2a 3 2

5) Dng 5 : n tp khi chp v lng tr

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA vung
gc y. Gc gia SC v y bng 60 v M l trung im ca SB.
1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD.
2) Tnh th tch ca khi chp MBCD.
Li gii:
S

a)Ta c V

1
S ABCD .SA
3

2
2
+ S ABCD (2a) 4a
+ SAC c : SA AC tan C 2a 6

60o
D

2a

1 2
8a 3 6
V 4a .2a 6
3
3
b) K MH / / SA MH ( DBC )
1
1
Ta c: MH SA , S BCD S ABCD
2
2
3
1
2a 6
VMBCD V
4
3

GV: L Minh Tin

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

V d 2: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c AB = 5a, BC = 6a, CA = 7a. Cc mt

bn SAB, SBC, SCA to vi y mt gc 60o .Tnh th tch khi chp.
Li gii:
H SH ( ABC ) , k HE AB, HF BC, HJ AC
suy ra SE AB, SF BC, SJ AC . Ta c

SJH
60O
SEH SFH
SAH SFH SJH nn HE =HF = HJ = r
( r l bn knh ng trn ngai tip ABC )
Ta c SABC = p ( p a )( p b)( p c)
J
A
C vi p = a b c 9a Nn SABC = 9.4.3.2 a 2
60
2
H
S 2 6a
E
F
Mt khc SABC = p.r r
p
3
B
Tam gic vung SHE:
2 6a
SH = r.tan 600 =
. 32 2 a
3
1
2
3
Vy VSABC = 6 6 a .2 2 a 8 3 a .
3
V d 3: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.ABCD c AB a 3 , AD = a,
AA = a, O l giao im ca AC v BD.
a) Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht, khi chp OABCD
b) Tnh th tch khi OBBC.
S

c)Tnh di ng cao nh C ca t din OBBC.

A

B
O

M
C

B'

A'
C'
D'

Li gii:
a) Gi th tch khi hp ch nht l V.
Ta c : V AB. AD.AA ' a 3.a 2 a 3 3

ABD c : DB AB 2 AD 2 2a
* Khi OABCD c y v ng cao
1
a3 3
ging khi hp nn: VOA ' B 'C ' D ' V
3
3
b) M l trung im BC OM ( BB ' C ')
1
1 a 2 a 3 a3 3
VO BB 'C ' S BB 'C ' .OM . .

3
3 2 2
12
c) Gi CH l ng cao nh C ca t
3VOBB 'C '
din OBBC. Ta c : C ' H
SOBB '

ABD c : DB AB 2 AD 2 2a
SOBB '

1 2
a C ' H 2a 3
2

GV: L Minh Tin

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

V d 4: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCDc cnh bng a.

Tnh th tch khi t din ACBD.

Li gii:
Hnh lp phng c chia thnh: khi
ACBD v bn khi CBDC, BBAC,
DACD, ABAD.
+Cc khi CBDC, BBAC, DACD,
ABAD c din tch y v chiu cao
bng nhau nn c cng th tch.

1 1
3 2

2
Khi CBDC c V1 . a .a

A'

B'

1 3
a
6

+Khi lp phng c th tch: V2 a

1
6

VACB ' D ' a 3 4. a 3

C'

1 3
a
3

D'
a

V d 5: Cho hnh lng tr ng tam gic c cc cnh bng a.

a) Tnh th tch khi t din AB BC.

b) E l trung im cnh AC, mp(ABE) ct BC ti F. Tnh th

tch khi CABFE.
E

A
I

Li gii:
a) Khi AB BC:Gi I l trung im AB,

VA ' B ' BC

F
C

1
1 a2 a 3 a3 3
S A ' B ' B .CI
.

3
3 2 2
12

b)Khi CABFE: phn ra hai khi CEFA

v CFAB.
+Khi ACEFc y l CEF, ng cao
B'

A'

AA nn VA 'CEF

J
C'

SCEF

1
SCEF . A ' A
3

1
a2 3
a3 3
VA 'CEF
S ABC
48
4
16

+Gi J l trung im BC. Ta c khi ABCF c

y l CFB, ng cao JA nn

VA ' B ' CF

1
1
a2
SCFB' . A ' J SCFB' SCBB '
3
2
4

VA ' B ' CF

1 a 2 a 3 a3 3

3 4 2
24

+ Vy : VCA'B'FE

a3 3

16

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian

GV: L Minh Tin