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DensityofWater

Physics FluidDynamics Density DensityofWater

WhatistheDensityof
Water?

DensityofWater

DensityofDifferentTypes
ofWater

Weobserveinourdailylifethatobjectslikewoodalwaysfloatinwateranditdepends

DensityofWateratRoom
Temperature

density. A physical property of matter is density which is unique quantity for each

Densityofwaterat20C

at a constant volume in qualitative manner for example a rock is heavier than a

DensityofWaterat25C

crumpled paper piece of the same size. Similar a ceramic cup is denser than styro

DensityofWaterg/cm3

on size of these types of objects. This gives the effects of mass and volume on

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elementandcompound.Itisdefinedasthemeasurementoftheheavinessofobjects
Bethefirstofyourfriends
tolikethis

foamcup.Thisphysicalquantityalsoisreferredashowcloselypackedmaterial.

DensityofIce

Thelessdenseobjectthanwaterisfloatonwaterlikewood,icefloatsonwaterdueto

HowManyPoundsDoes
OneGallonofWater
Weigh?

itslessdensitythanwater.Similaroilfloatsonthemixtureofvinegarandwater.Itis

SpecificDensityofWater

likeinsaltedwater,seawater,purewater,watervapour.

mass per unit of volume and expressed as grams per mL or cc. Here we are
discussingthedensityofwateratdifferenttemperatureandindifferenttypesofwater

AverageDensityofWater

howisdensitymeasured
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Density is a measure of the amount of substance in a certain space. Let us

considerabucketfullofwater,allthewatermoleculesasawholewillbehavingfixed
massandletusconsiderthevolumeofthecylinderinwhichthewaterisfilled.
WeknowthatDensityisgivenby:
Densityofwater=$\frac{Mass}{Volume}$
So, if we divide the mass of the water by its volume of the bucket, up to which the
water is filled. We get its density. Instead of doing so let us consider unit volume of
spaceinwhichwaterisfilled.Ifweagaindividemassbyitsvolumewegetthesame
Densityatsametemperature.
Thus, Density of water is independent of volume but depends on temperature. The
density can be expressed as kg/m 3 or gram per cubic meter. We can also call the
DensityofWaterasMassDensityofWaterasmassisplayingamajorrolehere.

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Densitiesofwateratvarioustemperaturescales:
Slno Temperaturein0C DensityinKg/m 3
1

100

958.4

80

971.8

60

983.2

40

992.2

30

995.65

25

997.04

22

997.77

20

998.2

15

999.1

10

10

999.70

11

998.97

12

999.83

13

10

998.12

14

20

993.547

15

30

983.854

Usebelowwidgettocalculatethewaterdensity.

WaterDensityCalculator
Enterthetemperature(T) =

0c

WaterDensity:() =
Solve

DensityofDifferentTypesofWater

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1.DensityofSaltWater

Concentration
Meter

Letuscollectequalamountofriverwaterandseawater.Now,finditsdensity.Wewill
find that the density of river water is different from that of ocean at a constant
temperature.Whyisitso?
We know that the density of water remains same at constant temperature. Still why
thedensityisvaryinginboththesewaters?

{accurate,reliable
andeasytouse}
Lowpower,high
quality.

Weknowthatseawaterhassaltcontentpresentinit.So,anothercomponentto
beconsideredissaltcontentinwater.Itisactuallysaltthataddsmoremassto
thewater,whichmakesthewaterdenser.Itistheonlyreasonforwhichthereis
stillicefloatingintheoceansandnotallfrozenup.
Thesaltthatispresentactuallylowersthefreezingpointofwater.Italsoaffectsthe
densityofwater.Waterwithsaltinitisbasicallydenserthanthenormalfreshwater.
Hence,ittendstosinkdowntheocean.

Thedensityofsaltwatermayrangefrom1020to1030kg/m 3butitmayvarywiththe
amountofsaltpresentinwaterandthetemperature.

2.DensityofSeaWater
The Density of Salt Water may range from 1020 to 1030 kg/m 3 but it may vary with
theamountofsaltpresentinwaterandthetemperature. The dissolved salts actually
addmoretothemassofwaterthanitsvolumeandhencearedenserthanthenormal
water.
As the amount of salt content will increase the freezing point of water would reduce
eventually.Theknowndensityofsurfaceseawaterisfromabout1020to1029kg/m 3.
Ifwegodeepinsea,thenthedensityofwaterchangesto1050kg/m 3.
The salt that is present actually lowers the freezing point of water. It also affects the
DensityofWater.Waterwithsaltinitisbasicallydenser than the normal freshwater.
Hence,ittendstosinkdowntheocean.

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The weight of water divided by per unit of its volume is called the density of water.
Basically the weight of water in the unit volume of it is the density of water. The
density of water is related to the temperature at which water is when its density is
measured.
Thedensityofseawaterliesbetween1,020to1,029kg/m 3.Ifwegodeepinseathen
thedensityofwaterchangesto1050kg/m 3.

3.DensityofWaterVapor
TheDensityofWaterVaporcanbewrittenas:
$\rho$w=0.0022$\frac{P_{w}}{T}$
HerePwisthePartialpressurewatervapor.ItisexpressedinN/m 2.
$\rho_{w}$isdensitywatervaporexpressedinkg/m 3.
Tisthetemperatureofabsolutebulbalsocalledabsolutebulbtemperatureexpressed
inKelvin.
Thedensityofwaterisrelatedtothetemperatureatwhichwateriswhenitsdensityis
measured.

4.DensityofLiquidWater
Thedensityofliquidwateris1000kg/m 3.Theobjectsormaterialwhosedensitywill
belowerthanthiswillflowonwater.Ifthedensityishigherthanthisvaluetheobject
willsinkin.

5.DensityofPureWater
TheDensityofpurewateris1gm/ccor1gm/ml.Thespecificgravityis1.Itis
importanttoknowthatdensityhasunitswhilespecificgravityhasnone.Theimportant
factorwhichaddsdensitytothewateristhesaltpresentinit.Saltywaterisdenser
thanpurewaterduetothepresenceofsaltcontent.Thedensityofsaltwatermay
rangefrom1020to1030kg/m 3butitmayvarywiththeamountofsaltpresentin
waterandthetemperature.
Thedissolvedsaltsactuallyaddmoretothemassofwaterthenitsvolumeandhence
aredenserthanthenormalwater. Astheamountofsaltcontentwillincrease,the
freezingpointofwaterwouldreduceeventually.Theknowndensityofsurfacesea
waterisfromabout10201029kg/m 3.

6.DensityofDistilledWater
TheDensityofdistilledwaterissameasthatofpurewaterasitdoesnotcontainany
impuritiesorsaltcontentinit.Thedensityofdistilledwateris1g/cm 3,1kgperlitre,
1toneperm 3oronegramperml.

7.DensityofTapWater
TheDensityoftapwateris1gram/cm 3and1grampermilliliter.Itshouldbenoted
thatmostlyallthedensitiesarethesame.Theydifferinonlypointsbutthe
approximatevaluesareusedincalculations.

DensityofWateratRoomTemperature

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Room temperature is considered to be $25^{\circ}$ c. The density of water at room

temperatureisequalto997.77Kg/m 3or0.9970g/cm 3.
When the temperature is 4 degrees, then the density of water is considered to be
maximum. The reason due to which ice floats on water is that ice is less dense as
comparedtowater.Thedensitycanbeexpressedaskg/m 3org/m 3.

Densityofwaterat20C

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We know that density varies with temperature. Hence every temperature has its own
density. TheDensityofwaterat$20^{\circ}$Cis1gmpercubiccentimeteror1gm
per milliliter. This is the rounded up or approximate value. The actual density is
0.9982071gm/cm 3.

DensityofWaterat25C

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Thetemperature$25^{\circ}$Cisgenerallytakenasstandardroomtemperatureeven

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though room temperature varies from 20 30$^{\circ}$ C. The Density of water at
$25^{\circ}$cis0.998gm/ml.

DensityofWaterg/cm3

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In SI system, the units of Density of Water are kilograms per cubic meter. In CGS
system they are expressed in gram per cubic centimeter. The density of water in
g/cm 3isone.
The various densities at different temperature are expressed which represents the
DensityofWaterTableasgivenbelow:
Slno Temperature Densityingm/cm 3
1

100

0.9584

80

0.9718

60

0.9832

40

0.9922

30

0.9956

25

0.997

22

0.9978

20

0.9982

15

0.9991

10

10

0.9997

11

0.99997

12

0.9998

13

10

0.9981

14

20

0.9935

15

30

0.9838

DensityofIce

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We know that ice is a crystalline solid made of water. So, there lies a question, will
bothiceandwaterhavethesamedensity?IfnotwhichoneisdenserWaterorIce and
why?
Iceislessdensethanwater:Aswatercoolsandbecomesasolid(freezes),
hydrogenbondsformbetweenthewatermolecules.Thisisacovalentbondwhich
leadstointerconnectedsolidpattern.Thereismuchmorespacebetweeneach
moleculeduetoHydrogenBondswhichmakestheIcelessdensercomparedtowater.
ThedensityofIceis0.9167gm/cm3andthedensityofwateris0.9998gm/cm3.

HowManyPoundsDoesOneGallonofWaterWeigh?
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Gallon is defined as the weight of water. It is also called weight density.
HereistheWeightDensityofWateratdifferenttemperatures.
Temperature Densityinlb/m 3 Densityinlb/gallon
32

62.41

8.344

40

62.43

8.345

50

62.41

8.343

60

62.37

8.338

70

62.31

8.329

80

62.22

8.318

90

62.12

8.304

100

62.00

8.288

110

61.86

8.27

120

61.76

8.25

130

61.55

8.228

140

61.38

8.205

150

61.19

8.18

160

60.99

8.154

170

60.79

8.126

180

60.57

8.097

190

60.34

8.067

200

60.11

8.035

220

59.61

7.969

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240

59.08

7.898

260

58.52

7.823

280

57.92

7.743

300

57.31

7.661

350

55.59

7.431

400

53.65

7.172

450

51.47

6.88

500

48.95

6.543

550

45.96

6.143

600

42.3

5.665

650

37.4

4.999

700

27.3

3.651

Weknowthat1feet=0.3048m.Thus,usingthisrelation,wecanfindtheDensity of
Waterinlb/ft3byconvertingmetersintofeet.

SpecificDensityofWater

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The Specific weight per unit volume is called the Specific density of water . The
specificdensityofwateris1gm/m 3.Thedifferenceisthatthespecificweightisused
insteadofmass.Resttheprocessofcalculationisthesame.

AverageDensityofWater

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TheAveragedensityistheratioofAverageofallmassestoitsAveragevolume .
Itisgivenby
Average

density

$\frac{Average\

Mass}{Average\

Volume}$
ItisexpressedinKg/m 3.

OpticalDensity

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