Professional Documents
Culture Documents
....
.J
..-
PROVING
GROU ND
FOR
RECEIVE RS
RME 45
B ri lli a n t receiver perfo rma nce O il len nu-t ers is tlugoa l l' vl'ryo n e is stc k ing lx-cnu sc pea k per formance o n
t Ill' h igh s usu ally mean s pen k pe-rfo rma n ce o n :I II frequen cies. H e re 's why t ilt' IWW H ME .J5,,,,d VlS y o u
ex ccpt io nnl perfo rma nce u n th esc Freq u encies :
SENSITIVITY- l\l os 1 n x-ei vcrs a re seusi t ive on low Ire qu e n cies hu t. on ly a n cxcept io nu lly we ll d esigned recc iver h a s t he sa ru d egree o f s e n s it iv it y o n t he hig hs .
H M E ' s pea k per fo rmance o n the hi g hs is m a d e )lO S ible hy t h e u se o f loc t u l tubes , s hort e r 1(,.. d s . red uced
dis t ri bu u-d cn pach y , except io nall y we ll d es ign ed in d u ct u m-e s . a n d a sco re o f a d d it io n a l rcfinemcm s -cr-ach makin g it s in di v id ua l corn r thu tio n t o in crea sed
) e ffic iency .
STABllITY- R ecei ver drift is a n uisa nce m a kin g W'l'('Hsu ry r epen ted an d co n ti n u o us rct .uni n a -c-es peciully
wlu-n w ork ing C Wo \ Vit h the I ~ !\.I E <t 5, Slt the dial o n
t he s ta t io n an d it s tay s t u ned, than ks to accu rate temperatu re co mpe nsa t ing p ndd ers w h ic h are l>u ilt ri g ht
int o the r ecei ver. T he n ' a re no dial s to preset , n o pre udjus t in g of pndd ers , no rech eck poin ts to o bserve.
After a s t a t ion is o nce logged , it re ma ins logged unti l
you w ish to t une in a n o t h e r .
Ignition ORM - I g n it io n QH t\.f o n t e n m et e rs h a s lo n g
bl'en 11 s t u m b li ng b loc k t o W Oo/., QSO 's on h ig h Ireq u encies. N ot so w it h a n HME 45 . This m od ern re ce iver incor po ra t es 11 high ly e ffi cien t au tom atic n oise
s u p p resso r w h ich is a lwa y s in t h e c irc uit -c- u lwa y s o n
t he job .
I .. i t.t .le wo nder that thousa nds of ha m s a re in s is t ing
o n the new R M E 45 !
LITERATURE SENT ON
REQUE S T
Calibrated ba nd s- p re a d
s ca le on all amate ur
frequenc ie s fr o m 10 to
80 meters .
Fin eadju stm e nt thro u g h
du al dri ve contro l m ec h cn lsrn wh ich qlve s appro x imatel y fiv e re vc luti cn s of smel ter kn ob
to c n e r e v o lu ti o n of
larg er kn o b .
Rela y contro l a nd bre akin terminal s.
Streamlin e d tw o -to n e
cabinet.
Acou 'j,lically d e s ign e d
speaker hou sin g .
Rela y ra c k mounting
pan el.
Six band s , 55010 33,0 0 0
K.C.
RA
OM
BEAM AMPLIFIER
100 watts at 600 volts
Six ''''I'0rltllli Fm" . ..lIwu'
/(K-I/)32
"" tI
RK-II)22
Jlu l .
@) lI i ~h
o
o
o
'''111 <li'-""I,!" 1
12 3 " 1I1h uf
fo r
m obile
!'('n i t'('.
or tlllllia l
i llh'rt' ~ 1 i ~ Uay llh'ull'" m 'W Cll ' ca th od e I lI lt' IlI'u lII 11I1I1'Ii lllr. E a pah le uf d-Hv-ri ll~ IOn W IIII ~ out pUI with onl)- 6110 vu lts 011 the
Ha)t llt'un r. ~.' ll nh is o (
1)llllt', t lli .. " r m lllt'l
ru : lZt,t1 i /.l't! 1"0 II ~ Itil '" i 0 It I t 1 !O j ftll ed part i r-n la tl y
fur IHlIII lI ~t', It oIT.'r" Jlartit"ular adnlllt"ge.
or
RA TING S
f lLAMENf IA TINGS
I J((D JZ
11(. 4[)22
7 50 volts
D.C. Gr id Voltage .-200 volts
350 volts
D.C. Scr " Voltoge .
~,,:cellence tn
February,1 946
I'"
"AYT HFO N
ha li[raftl!rs
New beauty and per.
Separate e le(t.l<:o l
bc.mdspreod with in_
.rtio fly wlw el luning .
l"OV"ted, permQ"e"1
magne ' dynQmic
,pe","."
grouped fo r ead.,!
op.,ol;on. H a r mo l
p Ol itio n f o r b roodCOl' re t_ plio,.
mar".d In red. ma k
Ing poul ble QII"e ro l
3,poli1ion tone
control
Standby , ("eel"e
switch
(APPROXIMATELY)
new communications
receiver.
so
He r. is Ho llicra fl e n ne..... Model 5 40. With this greQI communicotior'" rece iver, hQnd'Omely d e1ig ned,
Bllp.,tly engineered. Hc llkrc ft e rs points the way to eAci';ng new d e ve lo pme nts in ama teu r radio. Re ad
tho' ll specifica tions .. it', toilor-mo de for he ms. l ook at the sheer b ea uty o f the 5-40 .. no thing like tt
to be i e e n in the communicationi rleld . Liilen to the amazing performance . e~ce l, . nything in its prie.
clan. See your local d istributor about when you ca n get on 5 40.
INSI DE STUFF: ~neath the ,leek ulericr of the 5-40 i, a beautifully engineered chann. One stage of tuned radic frequency ampliflc::ation, the
5-40 Vie' a type 6SA7 tube a, converter mi~er for bed ,ignal to noi~
ratio. Rf coil, are of the permeability ad jViled " micfo..i et" type iderl tic:al
with those used in the most e~perl,ive Hallic:rafters receivers, The hig h
frequency o,cilla tor i, temperature compensated for ma~imum itabiliry.
,n.
application...
halli[raftl!rs RADIO
co
ININI)U) ll~I)~
SIIIPWI) ~N'l" !
J OH N H . P ~lT1"S. Edi (o ~
VOL. 2. No.2
FEBRUARY, 1946
CONTENTS
CO VE R
'1
t h ou . an d . of . t.n d_
ARTICLES
T O R Y C LEARANCE
p rice..
T he ,..Iu r .
Hu ed betcw a r e typI-
ca l of t he I mpor t . n t
uvfn l"
offc-r rd
In
C o n t ro l
S wltc he R eI.y Tr. t
Eq u lp m rot. Ge n e r.tor., MICTOphofte T ool., eec., etc.
t O ri.
NEUTRALIZING
TOOL
KIT
OHMITE
MOOEL
G
Cl nslsts ., allto,ll
nte'ssal, 'Of n.u
Potentlo
lrallzlnr work. 12
turs tel.KClplll
Into 5 unlb I .
Ie. thlttttl
5B6547
I'K
I
,
2.63
meter
A. K. McLarrn
$1.95
[DNCDRD RADID
12
16
18
2:1
25
27
29
30
32
MISCELLANEOUS
Zero Hiss USditorial)
5
Book llarkB
3G
Parts And P roducts .. . ... ... . . . .. . . . 38
CaRp.
I
II
I Name . . . . . . . .. . . ... I
I
I
I "'dd~
I
._-----------------------------
JI
BRAN CH O F FrCE S
H a ra ld J Su~.m)an, M a n .....r _ Chart 50 H . F" rt~1l
'2 W ....t W .,hi n ct o n S t .. C h ica g o 2 . 111 . A N d o \' ,; r 28040
H. \II. DICKOW .
IJ8 4 0t h Av .. S ton F'ta n n -w;o 22. C .. lrf,
inside
Short leads,
and
outside the tube, mean
*
SYLVANIA
ELECTRIC
.....11,(. $ OF 11.010 TUIES; CATHODE lAY TIIBES ; ElECTRONIC DEVICU ; FlUOR(SCEJifT LAMPS, flXTU IES, WIRING unItES : meTRIC 1"'" l UllS
co
no information is
available concerning the opening of the
lower-freq uency amateur bands. while no
impatient amateur, organization or magazine is
in position to evaluate all the considerations
which delay the return of these frequencies
to amateur station operation, it is not illogical
to assume that the entire situation is tangled
up in an abundance of red tape. T hat the red
tape cannot be cut like the Gordian K not , and
we may have to reconcile ourselves to regaining ou r bands piece-meal, is not too unreasonable. I t is a mathematical improbability that
necessary war-l ime services can be cleared
from 20, 40 and 80 meters simultaneously and
the frequencies turned over to the amateur on
a single platter. nut it likewise follows that
t here exists no sound reason why these allocations should not be released individually , as
other t raffi c is casco, nnd it is our belief t hat
20 meters could he returned to amateur purposes
immediat ely .
Monitorin g stations of CQ maga zine have
logged t he followi ng countries (both allies and
former encmica l) operating with apparent legality
on 14 megacycles: PY - Brazil, LU - Argentina,
TI - Costa Rica, E L - Liberia, I - Italy, PA Netherlan ds, SU - Egypt, E P - Iran (Persia) I
EI - Ireland, CY - the Faeroee, F8 - France,
D - Gennany, G - England, lIB - Switzer! nd ,
ZP - Paraguay, ON' - Belgium and VSl - S its
Settlcment s.
T hese territories cover practically all wart ime "theaters of operation." T he fact that
battered Singapore (the capital of Straits Settlements) is Rgain functioning on " 20/' presents
a commentary that tosses no bouquet toward
t he bureaucracy responsible for wi t holding this
band from amateur operation in the United
States. Fourteen megacycles is, of course, an
international frequency throughout the year.
Interference caused by seventeen other countries
with the services now occupying t his band in
the U.S. should be sufficient to render t his
allocation unsatisfactory' for ot her than amateur
communications. The entire sit uation, and this
a pplies as well to 40 and 80 meters, in aggravated
by the unimpressive quantity and quality of
A
T
THE
PRESEST WIUTl XG
February, 19<46
non-amateur transmi slons on what are inte rnationally recognized as amateur bands.
M icro-wave Potentialities
Many amateurs whose log-books are veritable
tomes of 40 and 8O-mcter QSO's are inclined
to cast a dubious eye on the micro-wave assignments allocated to the amateur by tho FCC.
T hey of course admit the possibilities of .~meter
trnnsmi eion-c-which is old stuff-and the 'YE RS
effectively demonstrated that much can be
accomplished around 112 and 144 megacycles .
But this is just about scraping the bottom of
the etheric Plate for operators wit h the kilocycle
complex.
One need not exhume the classic experiments
of Hert z to argue that there is not hing new
in t he idea of micro-wave transmission . Amateurs
were experimentally active in this " misty mid
region of w eir" some t ime before Pearl Harbor,
and distances up to GO miles (the limit being
imposed by line-of-sight plus some minor bending) were spa nned between 500 and 1,000 megacycles- ali of which presages promise for our
420-450 nnd the 460-470 citizens' rad io bands .
As far back as l!l31 , t he I nternat ional Telephone
and Telegraph Laboratories successfully demonstrated a duplex "micro-ray" telephone and
telegraph circu it between Dover and Calais.
T his link operated with a power of one-half
watt on approximately 1,.500 megacycles. T he
transmitting end receiving antennae were only
two inches long! Radiation, emitted and received,
was concentrated by means of In-toot parabolic
reflectors, with a total gain of 56 decibels. T his
circuit was placed in commercial operation t wo
years later, between the airports at Lympne,
England, and St. Inglevcrt , France, where it
functioned satisfactorily until interrupt ed by war.
All of which would 8C<'m to indicate immediate
possibilities fo r the amateur 1,21 5-1 .295-megacycle band, and place the 2,300-2,450-mc allocati on within easy reach-s-even wit hout considering the improved equipment, t ubes and techniques developed during World War II.
All t hings considered, the quest ion may soon
be, quo mdis1-where do we go from 22,000
megacycles?
..
"'"
N
in Operating Efficiency
'"
8
N
o
c-
~
</.
o
n
CI
-...
Z d
-o
,u
o
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---r-
-+---+- - /f----J
I+-l--:~/--+-+-
o
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I --+-jl-+- ~-/t--t--t-
tu -s.
~
g --+---/1
~l ---l-- /,---/' +/
-c
6 .53 1 inc h
2.281 i n~h
lIertrie-al:
"" a
""a
" . ak Voftage.
""S c
, .
/
/l - / r-. f + -+/
zI /
IIU~
II
+--+--+---
~J- t1-,-/,
1f \-1- +---1- + - +---+- -1
//
32.000 ..ah.
2. ompl.
5
EITElM: : lIll0J '; 1 , 1Jl;.,
/
/-1J/_+--+ --~--+-
Su MIIM An u ., Su
If.,., Clll.
'lo"to lee lll." 01 , So" .... "11. (olilll'''"' 0"" Sott LlIkll ( ily. Utoh
h"lItt Ag.,," : f.- I a. & N."'lI". :SOl (la, SI. S J .. n.iulI l1. (lilt, . U. S. A.
10
15
20
1.5
AMPERES
SUPERHET CONVERTER
HOW AR D A. BOWM AN. W6QI R
superhet described in
CQ for December 1945 working satisfactorily and affording broad-band intermediate
amplification, the next step was a converter
ca psule of feed ing signals into the unit. Since we
were operating on 11 2 me when the basic unit
was designed, the converter first took form as a
provision for t hat band . The speedy shift that
carried amateur activity to 144 megacycles didn't
exactly catch us unprepared; but with t en meters
opened simultaneously we were undecided as to
whether to redesign t he converter for 144 me or
start on a ncw job for " ten ." To make a long'
story short, we did both.
IT H T HE FIXED-TU:oiED
Fig. 2. Panel view of the completed unit. The scale is hand--drawn on stiff white cardboard
February, 1946
,,,,,__ SHIELD
ra,
.ri
I
L.
900'
c.
,
L.
c;.....
1----
L':- c..J
ANT.
.,
L,
",
C.
I
I
TO RECEIVER
1",
".
- - - - COAXIAL LINE
I
I
~_ _--E+---I._---,
:L
I
L.
",
- ------,
I
SH IELO- ~
,
c,
co
Fig. 1. W iring d iagram fo, the 144-mc converter. Ports specifi cotio :u are as foll ows C I 10 JlJlf Bud " Tiny Mite" (or equivalent)
L t , L t , 3 turns 114!. 3 /8 " dl e. 1h " long
cut to one rotor and one stator plat~
L 2 turns 114. 3 jts " dle . 1h " tong
C ,. 100 Jl1J.f ceramic
L 1B.tums 124 eee mel 3,4" d ia. 3J4 " long
C . - .0 1 Ilf tubular
L, 10 turns #24 ena mel close-wound at B+ e nd of L,
C 35 JlpJ
R 1 1,500 ohms 'A! watt
C. 25 JlJU
R, 10,000 ohms 1ft watt
Cc coupling condenser (see text)
R 50,000 ohm s 'A! watt
L it L 3 turns 114, 3/8 " dle . ';"Iong
February, 1946
Construction
been installed.
All of the abovo may sound com plicated, but
actually it is very, very much sim pler t ha n t rying
t o line UJl a n equivalent number of capacitors so
t hat t hey may be driven by shaft couplin gs. Th c
cord takes care of m inor mi salignmen ts, a nd t he
drive is posit ive.
Since the capacitors arc mounted below chassis
by space equal to the thickness of the Lucite plus
t he ceram ic capacitor body, it was necessary to
loca te the tube soc kets as close as possible to
m inim ize lea d length . T his was accomplished
with a small sub-chassis of sheet copper 5" long
and 2" wide, folded so as to form a very shallow
" U." It is about 5/ 8" deep a nd has 72" lips for
bolt ing to t he chassis. The t ube sockets a rc
bolted to this copper sub-chassis, and a I l / S"
hole was punched in t he chassis proper above
each socket t o pel mit inserting t he t ube (F i gs.
Sand 4).
T he sockets line up beside the associated
capacitors. I n each case a piece of I 14 tinned
wire is bent so as to join one heater terminal, the
central stem shield, and the condenser rotor with a
central point on the copper sub-char..sis immed iately between socket and capacitor.
A ll
grounds for each stage return to th is one lea d . It
shou ld be noted, however, that most bypassi ng
in t he pcntodes returns t o th e cathodes. Only the
cathode is bypassed t o ground .
Shielding
Shielding consists mainly of a pair of copper
baffles scparuting the stages, about 1.Y.l''' high
wit h the bottoms cut irregularly to clear the
Lucite. T wo small tabs are bent at right angles
to pcnnit soldering to the copper sub-chassis at
one end and to the main chassis at the other. Two
additional strips of copper are soldered acres....s
each tube socket, shielding t he in put from the
out put circ uits. A small piece of a lumin um
mount s t he oscillator ba nd-set cnpacltor, holding
it 1'0 th a t its t ermina ls just touch those of t h e
tuulnu cnpncitor a nd boxos in t he- oscillator sec
10
co
tiou. Another piece of aluminum shields the outpu t t ransformer and its tuning capacitor from the
r-f and mixer stages .
T he output transformer is wound on a ~"
polystyrene fo rm, secured to the chassis by means
of a 6-.12 screw t hrough the closed end of the coil
form . The ca pacito r is moun ted beside t he coil on
t he chassis by means of its studs.
Power is brought to the unit by means of a
fou r-prong male chassis connector. The two la rge
February, 1946
pa{Jt!
541
11
---
I
l
I
I
12
Ht:I'OUT
length,
when the time came to make the initial tests
it was certainly a letdown when the first report
made it plnin the old 8J K's (t heoret ical gain of
5-G db) W{'fC st ill putting out stronger signals than
the new array! Fortunately it had been possible
co
4~2
February, 1946
rotary beam
2."-~
- - --.I
-- ,."
ALL wOOD Cl.E AA STOCK
( WHI TE
PI ~E
'N
nus
CASE I
Fig. 1. A nle nna boom to support Ave element quarter-wave spaced ,,"ay
Beam Protection
Protection against light ning was made by connecting a length of quarter inch copper tubing
through the center of all the dements. T his has
no effect on t he operation of the antenna since it
is connected to t he lowest voltage point (null).
Permanent connect ion t o ground was then made
by using: a quarter wave st ub us pictured in Fig. 2.
Since it is a fla t (constant impedance) line, t he
stub can be inserted at any point of the line where
it is most convenient to obtain a direct rout e to
ground.
I
'4~"'pp"o.
'-
14
Conclusions
/ . The theory of dose spacing is excellent hut
putting it in practice is another thing. I t is q uite
possible that the loss res istance of this array was
d ose enough to t he radiat ion resistance (approximat ely () ohms in n fi ve clement close spaced
antenna) to cause a large part of the t ransmitter
energy to be dissipated before it had a chance to
ht' radiated int o free space.
.... It S('('IIlS that the average article on close
spar-ed arrays calls for tuning the system for the
maximum front to back rat io and then it is only
effective at the freq uency it is t uned to. This ca~
1)4' clone nfte r goio ~ t hrough an elaborate tuning
co
LEG END
______ HALF ..AvE ALONE
_ _ _ H.Lf" WA vE WITH
SPACED A NT.
'l 2 CUZ
TOR 8 3 OI RECTORS
270'
90'
,..
'00'
February, 1946
15
SIX
ETER DX
HE N TIlE AMATEUR
60000
eeccc
t7
...-
/\
1\
r-, /
'0000
23000
20000
15000
10000
17
'4
1!:1
1937
22
29
.0
'0
23
1938
Fig. 1. M aximum usable freq uencies from Nov. 17, 19 37 to Mar. 2, 19 38 for _ d istance of 2 ,200 miles.
Figures are nol adjusted for Lorentl pol" iu tion correction of . bo ut 5% in so me instances
16
CO
OX P.aks
Sunspot Numb...
At the time you are reading this the sunspot
numbers, as well as the F 2 layer critical fre-quency, will have attained values corresponding
to the winter of 1935-36. T his would imply
favorably that conditions on the new 5O-54-mc
band will deserve careful attention next fall.
Graph, Fig. e, will explain this further.
Based on the rapid increase in sunspot numbers,
with corresponding F 2 layer critical frequencies
obtained at 'Vashington during the last sunspot
cycle, it will be seen that t he December quarter,
] 946, will have an average peak critical frequency
of about 11,500 kc, or a MUF over 38.0 megacycles. This, of course, cannot predict the individual diurnal maximum, which on occasion may
exceed 12,500 kilocycles or a MUF of 40.0 me
(F2 multiplier approximately 3.3 in this quarter)
NOT can any estimate be made concerning reflection from the region of the HG layer."
E. H . Conklin repeatedly stressed the importance of the "G layer'J in out-of-season DX
over 2,500 miles above 50 mc. A. Likhachev has
13000
"0
.-
"0
"0
120
sn
0:
7f\
110
OJ
'"
"z
:::>
90
....0
so
Q.
<n
:::>
<n
,,
'00
ro
...
12000
....
"
.'
en
....
' 0000 U
>-
9000
8800
\Y
l\/
11000
OJ
11500
10 500
.... ... 1\
V I'
80
so
......
60
'0
...
12500
....
'"
BCOO
7800
7000
20
6800
'0
6000
SEPT. DEC. MAR JUNE SEPT. DEC. MAR. JUNE SEPT. DEC. MAR. JUNE SPT. DEC. MAR. JUNE
1945
19 4 6
1947
1948
19 4 9
Fig. 2. Predleted estimated sunspot and critical frequency trend from the fan of 1945 to the summer of 1949.
The solid line represents the critical frequency and the dashed line the sunspot number trend
F.bruary, 1946
17
HIGH FRE
UENCY
SUPERHET
HENRY GEIST, WJAOH
j
"
"
REOI'ENING
OF
Construction Features
T he high quali ty of its components, welldesigned layout (bot h elect rically and mechanically), and rugged const ruct ion makes it particularly desirable for amateur use. All capacitors
are mica a nd silver mica, except fo r one paper
type, Hea vy copper shield cuns are used for
i-f t ransformer ami tube shielding. T he power
supply unit (110 e .c.) em ploys four sect ion filter
capacitors and chokes instead of the usual one
or t wo sect ion type'S. The layou t on the 27':?" x
Th ~ Be 406. A 15 tube, 205 mc superhet} this
18
I
I
co
Original Circuit
ratio.
"
F.bruary, 1946
19
Conversion Steps
lIIueh t ime will be saved if the work is done
step by step as outlined:
1. From the under side of the chassis remove
the two first r-f stage assemblies and associated
"
1i
t-
+,
ORIGI NAL
MAIN SHIELD
I ,.
I
,
I
'. '.
-+;.
,-
I O.!"
+
--+--tr=:
.
=-=~~~=:r==rl
I--r
"
~ --
OSCIUATOR BUFFER
AMP. COMPARTMENT
,,'
4"
SHIELD
,.
!-!'-!+-, !"--I
"
"
ii
2NO RF GRID
COIL 6 CONo. couP.
,.
s'
' I"
1"
..
--t
ii"
4'
SHIELD
1 ST RF STAGE 6
GRID COIL CONDo
COMPARTU ENT
,.1..,'
1"
'i
"4
'.
I
:
'."
"
2;6
1 ~ >-- - --
"
1
10 1 "
FRONT
HOLES ~, ~, ~ -
,,'
..
END
ALL OT HE RS
f SIZE
Mechanical changes required for the convenion are shown on the front end drilling template
20
CO
------------------------.'
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:vs= }s ~JU
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.=:
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February. 1946
21
t~CONTROL
."ERGRID C lf
r ------------ --- - - ---RFC,
-,
I
I
"",:.I'
I
I
I
SCREEN
VOlT.
,I
8+
SCREEN
YlX.t ..
8+
8+
250004
RF GAIN
C'.lTROl.
TO SCREE N + VOI.1' TAP
NOTE ' lOCAl. OSCLLATOR 8 8 UFFER
PARTS LIST
C!l-C,------- - - .00'3 .u, NICA lCOME WITH 8G4061
C'O-C'f -
Fi,. 1. Circuit .Itetltions req uired to co nvert the BC 406 receiver for em.teur use
Circuit Ch.nge.
Since the original set operated on a fixed
frequency of 205 me and tuniog was accomplished
over a very limited range with adjustable iron
core inserts through the coils, four 15 II p. f
variable condensers are used to give band
coverage.
1. Place t he oscillator-amplifier assembly directly over t he S. ' V. oscillator-amplifier t ubesocket holes with the cente r of the oscillator
socket 2 inchl'R from the end of the chassis.
This makes possible the mounting of t he oscillater-buffer amplifier bracket angle against the
main shield running the full length of the chassis.
I. Drill a ~" hole in the main shield onehalf inch from the mixer socket suppressor
connecter and insert a National feed-through
bushing. This is used to carry t he out put
voltage of the oscillator buffer amplifier to be
injected in t he mixer via t he suppressor.
S. Plate and screen voltage for the oscillator[Continued on page 48)
22
Be
P.rts
-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
RACK-AND-PANEL
TRA
SITTER
H E CATHODE-MODULATED
Circuit Arrangement
The circuit (Fig. 1) includes a 7C5 or 6V6GT
oscillator-doubler, two triplers and a single 815
output amplifier.
The carrier output with
cathode modulation ranges from 10 to 15 watts.
The output . with plate modulation could be
raised to 40 watts, but only at the expense of an
additional power supply and modulator. Cathode
February, 1946
23
..
- . f:tI _,II
-- .--
..,.. __..
'o~.'t1
- :=:
1---"
.,
_-..
--
...
6
-H-
. ....
(0. . . . .
see
_..
_.
no _ _
._.
. ,; ::=
F-r
.....
-'
I-J"
Fig. 1. Circuit diagram of the VHF transmitter with cathode modulation . Output can be stepped up to 40 watts
with plate modu lation with an additional plate supply and modulator. L 1 is wound 17 turns 1 Inch long with
1" di.. L .. 9 turns, 1 inch long 5/8 " d ia . L 3 turns Vi" d ie. L., 2 turns each side of center, 'h" die.
Fig. 3. Under-chusls view of the VHF rig .howl constructione ' end wiring dcLlii
24
co
ANTENNAS
H E NEW
Tub. Construction
Thesejjmtennas are to be built from tubing
b
-., .0r-
r-
c,
\
'=
\\
~. TUBING
SPACED 3-
CENTR 10 CENTER
F.b,uary, 1946
25
e
~-
2...
I-
I-I
"1
fig . -4. Th. "J"-. h. II...an nrtical with. quarterwIVe matching stub
"\~,
y,. TUBING
S PACED
t o/,-
CENTER TO CENTER
INSULATOR
CAR TOP
~frc-
Mobile Anlenn.
The half-wave antenna of Fig. 5 is especially
designed for mobile operation. The capacitor
setting should be that which least detunes the
.transmitter when the line is connected at t he
No.f8
SPACED
:rrn
\
./
1}'t
~6
a
llO~"
39 ~"
25 7 /8"
106~"
M!4'''
55!i"
185/8"
11 15 /16"
19~"
48~"
38"
35"
1231 /32"
31 29 /32"
24 29/32"
23li"
136!4'''
CO
ELECTRICAL
EASUREMENTS
A. K. McLAREN
February, 1946
- .... r--r----:..,6H6,..,
I
v. tv.M.
~
~
Theeretleal Points
The top diode will be positive and tbe lower
diode will be negative. This voltage is centertapped and since point Y is 90 degrees out of
phase, or zero, then there will be zero voltage
between the two points. If the transformer center
tap is varied either side of center by adjustment
of R,o then tbe voltage on that side is higher
and will be rectified by ODe of the diodes and
appear at point X as a d-e voltage. This voltage
27
28
CO
The pic-war amateur was famil iar with the athode-r.y tube largely " device
indicating percentage and quality of mod ulation . Future use of the CR tube
in television, r.da" experimental and service work i, " foregone conclusion.
It may well become the radio amateur', most versatile tool, and he should
undcntand cathodc..,.y theory and practice a' well es he docs" sim ple diode .
HE
HEART
EMlmNG
AREA
ALUMINUM-OXIDE
! COATING
,,,
1
I
TUNGSTEN WIRE
HEATER
)
)
".
<, NICKEl
CYU NOER
I
electron beam. The control grid varies the current
in the beam. It is on this grid that the video
signal from a television receiver is impressed.
Blanking is obtained by taking an amplified saw.J
',
\
tooth signal from the plate of the horizontalCATHOOE
/
FIRST ANODE
GRID SKIRT......
APERTURES
sweep amplifier which is then eapaeity-coupled
to the control grid of the cathode-ray tube. When
FI,. 1. The I1n t electron lens In the cethod. ray the horizontal sawtooth signal is am plified it is
J:"/ l
,un structur.
F.bruary.1946
IContin...a on _
.jIIJ
29
ITE R T il t: OUTBREA K
30
CO
Rad io and
Other Replacements
Now y O ll can bring man )' thousands o f goo d. servi ceable battery-powered radio sets back /0 life. PortablesFarm RaJios- "carry-about" sets! Here are the barreries you need to bring in th is flood of profitable service and parts business. Order now and tell yo ur customers co come o n the run for the batteries they need.
'UCI: YOUI s"nEaY O IOE I TO DAY- ....h h YOUI N. u, Dl s n. a UTOI
Februery, 1946
31
RADIO AMAlEUR'S
ORKSHEEl
No.9 THERMAL AGITATION; PUSHPULL OSCILLATION
THERMAL AGITATION
or thermal no ise is d ue to
t he rundo m movement of electrons in cleotrlcal conductors. Since any disturbance
originating in the antenna tuned circuits of a
sensitive radio will be amplified by the entire re.....
ceivcr, it is evident that such disturbances must
establish 8 very definite usable limit on the amplification of any receiver or amplifier. The
equivalent voltage set up in an electrical conductor by thermal agitation is proportional to the
square root of the acceptance transmission band
of the receiver or am plifier] to t he square root of
t l.e rCHOIUmC(~ impeda nce of the first tuned circuit
if one is used, and to t he square root of t he absolute temperature. The resonance impedance of
a tuned circuit (see Fi g. 1} is :
Z _ 1.J
CR
Absolute temperature is based on theccntigrade
scale IUHI is zero at minus 273 degrees eentirrud c. Under normal conditions, the thermal
ntritution voltuge in a broadcast receiver is about
2 microvolts.
Thermal agitation actually consists of a series
of pulses and the noise energy is about evenly
distribut ed from t he lowest audio frequencies t o
the highest rad io frequencies. Therefore a 100kc
band " ill admit about the same amount of thermal noise regardless of frequency -temperature and
imped ance being the same.
Since a good signal-to-noise ratio is a prime
requisite in the design of radio receivers, ever)'
~l
P
32
...~ .
r:----
~~
b c,
lo
Fl s- 2
effort is usually made to absorb as much of the
antenna signal voltage as possible, consistent
with practical considerations. Consequently the
voltage step-up, from antenna to t he grid of the
first t ube should be as high as possible. Best results would of course be obtained if t he antenna
were tuned and efficiently coupled t o the grid of
the first tube. Antenna voltage step-up is directly proportional to resonance im pedancebut the higher the resonance impedance, the
sharper the selectivity,
I n this connection it is interesting to determine
the expression for antenna voltage step-up in t he
first tuned circuit of a radio receiver. Diagram
Fig. t shows a conventional antenna stage
schematically. I n this case we have :
1. E1
1
wL1- wC,
I
wMI.
.-
I.
wMI . .::w"
-":::!J;::E",,c:C;!,~_~
E2 - -wC. - RwC. - RwC. (w"L,C,- l)
ButThu8-
\r
Fl s- 1
Q- -
wL, - RwC.
.-E
E.
E,
This is the
w2MC,E,Q
w2L ,C, - 1
MQw"C,
w2L ,C, -1
usual eq uat ion for~antcnna voltage
co
No Neutralization
Easy Dri ve
Non ex Glass
FREQUENCY LIMITS
Full Input.
Half Power
250 MC
400MC
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
ACTUAL
SIZE
TYPICAL OPERATION
D.C. PI.t.
voris
February, 1946
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
1500
110 MA
- 300
15 MA
375
22 M A
4.5 W.tl1
130 W.tl1
33
c
A
c
B
Fig..e 3
the output t ra nsfo rmer must also have appreciable leakage reactance. The coupling between
plate and grid circuits is normally through t he
capacitance between plate and grid of each tube.
This type of oscillation can be eliminated in
exactly the same manner that similar oscillations
are controlled in t he power st ages of radi o t ransmitters-that is by neutralizat ion. Diagram
Fig. S shows in schemat ic form a neutralized
push-pull amplifie r. Neutralization is accomplished by small cross-connected variable capacitors. The neut ral ization procedure is as follows:
1. T emporarily disconnect the plate voltage
supply and open t he plate circuit of t ube
1 at A .
2. Connect a small variable capacitor having a
maximum capacitance slightly larger than
t he grid-to-plate capacitance of the tube
between point C and the grid of tube B as
shown in F ig. S.
3. Connect a pair of high-impedance headphones across the output transformer and
adjust the variable capacitor until no signal
is heard. I t is necessary during this procedure to supply a signal of nonnal level to
t he amplifier-a tone being preferable.
4. If a sharp minimum cannot be found, adjust
34
Fi9urc 4
+
FI9urc 5
co
AX"
VI]
~~~$'~~",>"a".".
11~
""'-IN
STan t,
February, 1946
~.-noaD
3.
CONN' CTICUT
35
--
INSIDE TIlE VAC UUM TUllE, nr JOHN F.
RIDER.
P UBLISHED BY JOHS F. RIDER, P UB4
U SHER, b .. c., 404 FOURTH A VE., N EW Y ORK 16,
N. Y. 424
$4.50.
PAGE S,
8 5/8 x 5 3/ 8
(XCH E S.
PRICE
thorougb job on this book and CQ has no heeltancy in recommending it as an excellent elementary text on the subject .
ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY, ar
M.
Me-
NEUlON
J6
CO
..................................................... ...........
:
:
:
:
:
0 Cash Enclosed.
0 C. O. D.
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_____ _
ADD RESS
CITlr
SlrAlrE___________________________
~-
S.""~ C I o~A
t.
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QUALITY
GUARANTEE D
by a Co m pa n y
th at h a s m a d e
m ore tban two
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foc the Armed
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2 H O L D ER S
Complete with both regular electrodes
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Main Office :
KANSAS CITY, M O.
PRODUCTS CO M PAN Y
February , 1946
37
I M P ROVEO 833A HIGH POWER TR IOOE
Im proved
833A
Hi9h-Power
Triode
38
co
.,
These units are supplied ot fre quencies between the limits set by
CRl.20
14,000 to
1.u50 KC
CRl16
7,000 to
7,425 KC
14,000 to
14,850 KC
7,000 to
7,425 KC
February, 1946
39
_...~
...
ELECTRO N GUN
Vrom page !91
Electron Acceleration
The first anode imparts t he initi al accelerat ion
to t he electron beam, and generally contains severa! aperture disks spaced at intervals along the
length of the cylinder. These apertures confine
the beam to a comparatively narrow angle. The
first anode is operated at a positive potential with
respect to t he cathode and t herefore attracts
electrons from the cathode through these apert ures. The volt age on the first anode for the best
focus is usually about U or 1/5 of that of the
second anode. The focusing anode t ends to concent rate t he elect ron st ream into a narrow beam
40
co
~RI'lIJU
.1Hf r l/PE
OFNIM
sleeps and drinks radio .
chisels off eating money (0 buy the
best in equipment? Thcn you certainly
that ta ts,
CD capacitors.
No other name is so widely rrusred in
the radio field. No other capacitors
work for so many expem. Where else,
but in the world's longest line, will
fOU find the most of the best in
capacitors? See your CD jobber!
r---------------------------..,,
I
,o
,,o
,L.
,,,
,o
MICA
DYKAN OL
PAPER ELECTROLYTleS
February, 1946
41
,
, ,.
S~IOOTH
a,,,1 SILENT
SPRING
CONTACTS
FlRST
'NOD(
CONDUCTIVE
WALL COATING
~I a ll ll r~ r Ollllllf"
e- leme nt
s r- r vice ,
t1tfi,o~
Acc urate l v
con trolle d
l ilJlt'r ~
.~If1Y,~ fill .
0 11
uud
j ..
('011I-
D.n.clio" PI.I.s
Afte r h : l.\in ~ the second unode t he elec t ron
beam pnsses t hrough two pairs of deflection
plates us shown in Fig. 4. The fi rst pair a re the
vert ical plates a nd have t he greatest deflection
sensitivity, T he next pa ir, closer t o the screen,
wit h sliuh tly less deflection sensit ivity, a re the
horizontul plates. D eflection s(-"lI~i ti " i ty can be
GlASS
ENVElOPE <,
I N DI A N A
VERTICAL
r PLATES
!
-;--
- CJ
HORIZONTAL
PLATES
f ig .
42
.c.
CQ
~ ULIRAPROIE
Cop yright a nd Patent Ap plied lor
MO DEL U H P-2
Get on th e air w ith this high quality 144~ 148 megacycle transmitte rreceive r -designed for portable, mobile or fixed station use -
Specially Designed
ll
II
Te le p h o ne , PRospect 0 7 6 2
February , 19 46
43
ELECTRON
BEAM
- - <,
WRITE
" -,
,t !
,
eo,
for fast
DeliverYI
~90'
-~ ,
HORIZONTAL
PlATES
of all t1ndJ.
FWORESCENT SCREEN-
CONTROL GRID
CATHODE
HEATER
SECOND
ANODE
,
, ,J
a-'~
RADIO LABORATORIU
44
, ,
," ,
,
e!
BASE /
GLASS
ENVELOPE
(NOM. or
Pyre. )
FIRST
;'
ANODE /,/'
VERTICAL
DEfLECTION
PlATES
,,
HORIZONTAL
DEF1..CTION
PLATES
co
MAGNETIC
FOCUS COIL
,,,
,,
GRID
tuinable but incon venience occurs in the mount ing and supplying the coil with a stead y direct
current,
All internal focusing elect rodes a re
eliminated. The axi s of the focusing coil corresponds with the axis of the focusing syste m ,
and the lines of magnet ic force produ ced by it nrc
uniformly distributed.
A small disk or cup is located ncar the control
grid inside the tube in which t he getter is placed .
The get ter is pure barium awl is used to redu ce
pressure in the tube nud to eliminate ca rbon d ioxide which is added when the tuhe is tippcd off .
Spring lea ves whi ch grip the glass IIPck of the tul xto sup port the electron gun mount are placed
along the edge of the second anode cylinder.
FLUORESCENT SCREEN ---- ~
CATHODE
HEATER
,,
,I
j
CC' "::t
I
CONTROL
GRIO
FIRST
ANODE
ELECTRON
BEAM
SECOND
ANODE
February, 1946
45
SUPERHET
[from page eel
AMATEUR - PROFESSI ON AL
RA DIO
IN FORMATI ON
CATALOGS
.../~
COMP ET ITIVE
PRICES
MAin 10 3 5
C o m p le t e Un i t s
~Iolln ted ill FT 2,13 Holders
"Ie
$2.50
$3.50
TELICON CORPORAnON
R:il .\ IAU ISO:\ AVI:lS UE
1'iEW YOUK 21, x, Y.
46
co
a balanced line. T he usual difficult construetion of t he Faraday shield if completely eliminated by using one of the midget 40 meter
t ank circuit such as the type 40 J E L made
by Ba rkcr-\Villialllson. I t is easily ada ptcd
ADDITIO NA L PARTS FOR CONVERSIO N
Ct,C2,Cr-15 IJ.f, 3 plate eeedensers (u rdwell
.
2-15AS).
C4- 30 IJ.JJf padding condenser (N ational M 30).
L I- 2 turns #14 tinned c0r.per wire 111.4 " dia .
over ground end of coi .
L 2,Lr-RF coils, 13 turns. 116 wire %.. die.
spaced with 128 drill.
L 1 - A n t e n na coilt 2 lurns 116 wire, 1 % '" dle .
at ground end.
Ls-e-O sctl letc r coil , 12 turns 116 wire SIs '" d ia.
spaced with 132 drill.
R"R r-2000 ohm, 1At watt.
Rr-25,OOO ohm volume control.
BOO K MARKS
lJrom page "7J
"ov.
d.ep-
e,.
so
duronc. _e.nory
10
warti me
o ~ rolio"
February, 1946
47
IF
IN
and EQUIPMENT
Central Ma ssachu setts
then of course it's ...
RESCO of WORCESTER
PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW OR COME
IN AND TRY THE NEW . . . .
N.tion.1 NC-2-4OC
1240.00
Hammerlund HQ129X
139.50
RME 45
166.00
National HROW
243.75
i Seb elf'l ,..., """ s,u....
H amm erlund Super Pro
330.00
National Hammer.und Cardwe:1 Millen Elmac
UT e - Aeroyol S, ln nia Spra2ue Ra)1heon
R. C. A G a mm a~ D n ete.
WORCESTER 2. MASS.
W-' DJU
RADIO
MANUFACTURERS & DEALERS
We have a large selection or Components
for Radio & Televisic n , I BIG SAVINGS.
) "OU
nee-d,
48
TEL.
[)l l!b~
, 689 1
plifiers, Ioniza t ion , Thyratrons, Oscillat ors Neutralization , Tctrodcs, I'cntodes, Phototubcs, Elcctromagnet ic Radiation, Photovoltnie Cell, Dynatrons, M ercury Arc Rect ifiers, Cold Cathode
T ubes, and C athode Hay Tubes,
T he concluding chapter, wh ich deals with
feed back, is pa rt icularly well d one a lt hough
somewhat b rief, T here are several references nnd
citntions but it is this reviewer's opinion t hat a
more elaborate bibliography would have been
a ppreciated by mnny readers . It is seldom indeed
t ha t the reader o f elementary t exts is not interosted III some p..a rt icular aspect of a book
wh ich he m ight wish t o pursue farther. Here, a
comprehensive bibliogrpahy can be most helpful.
T his book is writt en in a n int erest ing and
easily readable style. I t is p ract ical and up to
d ate a nd a ppears to be free of errors. T he rnaterial is presented in logical seq uence, a nd in ench
case the principle of action is clearly explained
before a discus....ion of a p plicat ion is at tempted . it
is highly recommended to a ny reader interested
in the particu lar field it covers.
FCC
Ifrom page SO]
evidence for prosecut ing violat ors of the 1U:H
Communicat ions Act . The machinery t o perform this funct ion is manned by ra d io e nginee rs
and operat ors, ubout sevent y percent of whum
W {'!"t or nrc licensed a mateu rs t hemselves, They
underst and the a mat eu r's p roblems thoroughly
und personally resent illC'l-(al operat ors avni liug
t hr-m solvcs of t he p rivileges earned by t he umutcu r when he n-colves his license . Wit h t he in(n 'a .owl! congest ion ex pected in ull the nmut eur
bunds as a. result of the t remend ous impet us
provided by World War II, t here will II(' littken ou gh room for the lcgi ti m ut c operat or wi t bout
till' inte rference caused by bo otlegge rs.
T o loca t e stations eneueed in the t ra ns mis,...ion
of espionage traffic before a nd duri ng: the wa r,
t he Commi ...sion operat ed a grou p o f long- rnnndirection-finder stations equippe-d with Adcock
antennas . Bellin antennas were employed in the
reception of wea k :o<imal:o< from :111 part :" of t it..
world , Accura te frequenc y measurement eq uipmen t , us well n:i other spec ia lized nppnrnt n... d evelopcd by the F C C , co mpleted the set-u p.
Xl ouirorine st a tions were located throucbout t he
countrv
it:" territories nnd possessions, mnnued
by trained personnel. who were able to t rur-o t he
source of rudio cmis,..ions t o th' C' X:IC't po int of
orieination-e-evcn a room in nn upn rt mcut ho use.
T his network has now been n-con vt-rtcd to peace
und the illezal operator in t hr- a mnteur ba nd- is
nne of those l 'fuLlt m- which ma y t l (' 1H3 1lt1 a 1Zrt':lt
d eal of uttention . ~ l :Ul ~' illfl g:tJ operators ha ve
co
Radio Sleuthing
\ Vhen an illegal operator transmits on any frequency r he may be heard at any one or several of
the Commission's monitoring stations. T he interception is flashed by teletype or rad io to other
monitors which immediately take hearings on the
suspected signal and transmit their reedings to
\fashington where they are plotted. T he Commission's Washl ngto n office then notifies the
monitoring station nearest to the fix, which sends
out one or more mobile units to make an exact
determination of the station's locat ion. Frcgueutly, the interception is made first by the
nearest monitoring station, and in that case the
mobile units are dispatched immediately without
disturbing the long-range stations, and the entire
matter is handled on the spot.
D uring the war, an operator was arrested in
Xcw York City for operating illegally on frequencies between 11 2 nnd 116 me and interfering with \\' E US communications. T hc signals
were first intercepted by the FCC monitoringstation in New J ersey, and bearings indicated
that the station was in Brooklyn. T he New York
City monitor was alerted and joined the hunt.
Boariuge and ot her methods of determinat ion
located the station in a first-floor apartment in
Brooklyn , N . Y . A warrant was obtained and the
operator arrested while operating his equipment
in violat ion of t he Comm unications Act. D uring
the t rial, t he judge remarked t hat the amazing
t hi ng (to him) was that the Federal Communiontiona Commission could first hear t he signals ill
New J ersey and then truce them to the exact
apartment in Brooklyn. That is the job of the
F CC sleuths.
NEW... Complete
Crystal Finishing Set
FREE
INSTRUCTION
11I""ml;"t,~ IIcli,;c,'''!
Signal Corps
TI~LI<;(,iUAI-1i
KEY
Range No Faclor
Illegal operators sometimes claim that, operating with very low power on ultra-high frequencies, their transmissions are limited in range
-Le., they nrc not of inter-state character and
therefor not subject to FCC regulation. A careful
inter pret at ion of the Communications Act of
193-1 shows that signals do not actually hare to
be heard in another state to establish interstate
evidence. The courts have held that radio is, by
its very nature, interstate in character.
Recently the operator of an illegal station was
arrested in Malden, M assachusetts, t ransmitt ing:
in the amateur band. He had been arrested in
1941 for the same offense and was therefore a
second offender. Licensed operators, who knew
of his aetivit ies, reported hi m to t he Federal
Communications Commission, and appropriate
action W 88 take n . Just because a person may live
in a com munit y where no F CC monitoring station
February. 1946
Genuine U. S . Si,nal Corp" key with ,witch t o elcee cont,cu, poli,hed durable enameled metal baK mou nted
on a bakelite b. .e. key lev'" i. nickel-pla ted. bra. .
eilver contacu; paclr.ed in new. orilPoal bol<u. Shippin,
.......ill:ht. 1 lb.
10 for 18';0
9Se ea.
Army-Navy T ype
IIEAn.-II ON"I<;S
Typo H S-23
:h;:;..ir~~
..... S2 95
Wri'~
CO.
Chicago 22
49
---r--------------I
ORDER YOUR NEW
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Commu nications
Receiv er
FR OM
ALLIED
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RME 45
$166.00
RME D8-20 .. ..
59.30
Hammarlund HQ.129X . . . 129.00
Hallieraft... SX.25 .. .. .. ..
94.50
NationaIHRO .. . .. .. .. .. 197.70
Hallierak SX.28A . . . . . 223 .00
Halileraf' 5-36A ....... ' 415 00
Hammarlund ASP21 OX . . 318.00
Hammarlund ASP.210SX. 318.00
Hallimk 5-37
591.75
National NC-2-40C. .. . . . . 225.00
All phases of
RADIO DESIGN
PRODUCTION and
OPERATIONS are
,,------, Covered by
Subscribe Now.
Subscription
Price:
$3.00, per ye ar
in U.S.A., $l.OO
elsewhere.
URADIO" is
first choice of
radio-electronic
engineers.
country, stopping in cit ies to observe local act ivit ies, and listening from vantage points for unlicensed stat ions. They don't telegraph an advnnce warning. Wh en the operator throws t he
switch, he never kn ows who may be list ening to
his stat ion and a proper license certainly makes it
much more pleasant all aroun d .
N d . F.O.B. C blcGto
is located does not insure that he will escape detoction. The Federal Communications Commission mobile units are continually patrolling- t he
Amateur Co-operation
A station operat ing in t he t wo-meter band was
recently intercepted by Federal Communications
Commission monitors and iden tified to be a boot logger. Wh ile monitoring t he station's transmissions on separate occasions, three different
licensed amateurs were operating the boot leg
st at ion. Consequently, when the F CC closed in,
those amateurs became involved in the case. Although ell the operators said they thought the
stat ion was legitimate, none of them had ta ken
the trouble to ask the bootlegger to show his
license, in spite of the fact that he had been accused of bootlegging by licensed amateurs over
t he air. When the log of the bootleg station was
examined , it did not reveal the signa tures of the
licensed operators in charge (as it should if
t hey had operated the equipment in good faith
and in compliance with Rule 12.136). As one
of the licensed amateurs remarked, after being
q uestioned by Federal Communications Commission rep resentatives about the case, " You
"never know what trouble your friends can get
you into."
50
CQ
MEASUREMENTS
II''''
pag'
tSl
I mpedance is more important in most measurement s, but if actual values in henrys or microfarads are desired, these may be calculated
from the formula X - "';Zr ll. in which X reactance, Z - impedance and R .. resistance.
This indicates reactance from which inductance
or capacity may he found on the reactance
slide rule or by calculation.
The values of R2 and R3 must be as nearly
equal as possible. Resistor Rl should not be
over 10,000 ohms as higher values will broaden
the response and accurate readings are d ifficult
to obtain. The setting of Il, may be calibrated
DEPENDABlE
PER/DIII /ANtl
CERAMIC
CAPACITORS
WIRE WOUND
RESISTORS
C HOKE COI LS -
O th. r Us.s
Another a pplicntio n of t his device is as a
frequency control, since it is very sensitive to
frequency changes and t he out put can be amplified to provide st ill further sensitivity. It can
a lso be used to detect distortion, harmonic percentage or ot her defects in amplifiers. As a
power factor meter it could be calibrated in
phase-an gle shift at any frequency. This circuit
should operate very well as a discriminator in
frequency-modulation work, if suit able components for V-F tests arc substituted for the
values shown. Limiter action as well as t he
fun ction of discriminator could be confined in
this one u nit.
In fact the applications are
almost end less and it is merely a matter of
d iscove ri n ~ additional utility for the device.
TRANSMITTER
If'''' pag' t4 J
loosely coupled to the antenna feeder , produces
d.c. for the same purpose. This tube also serves
as a monitor-rectifier for plugging-in a headset
in the monitor jack in order to check the speech
quality during modulation.
Some loss is introduced by the antenna switching relay, and likewise a degree of impedance
irregularity; but the convenience derived from
using the same antenna for receiving tends to
offset these disndvanatnges.
IConti_uro on l ollowing pagel
F.bruory, 1946
.,~ ~:~.~.~t
~ ~-: i~~
l\~"",~>I~~~
;:;;-~-I;:iI"'~
~
BURSTEINAPPLEBEE CO.
,iJ\
~I':~C':E~~~~N~A:~T~:~ O.:.._
~I
I
I
II
co.
BURSTEINAPPLEB EE
1012 McGEE, KANSAS CITY 6, MO.
Send me FREE Color Code and Ohms law Cal
".OUST ~ Y
NAME
I ADDRESS
~~~
_
_
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~~~ __J
Sl
,..--,
=
=
=
Address Changes-
=
=
=
=
=
=
CO Grculetlcn Dep't.
,'--- - - - - - - - - - - -'
CLASSIFIED ADS
Ad.ertl.ln.. In thl. ctlon must pertain to amateur
or perimantatlon ..a dlo . ell.itl. a . R a t _ZOe. per
....ord p4>r i n r ti on. Re nlitt a n ce i n full mud a c ea rn~ n ,.
N o nc,. or t arm o r c.ah d b e ou n h
a llo wed .
No d i ap laJ o r ap-cl.1 typo c r a p hiCAI a d
_tu p a a llowed . "CQ" d o-a not ~.r. nh.. a n , prod _
uct o r ....ic. ad _ r t laed In th e C I... ifi ed 5.ctlon.
_p,..
S2
A F System
The audio-frequency system employs a 6SJ 7
voltage amplifier for connection t o an ordinary
carbo n hand mike. A small port ion of the
cat hode current of the second tripler is passed
through t he microphone by an R-C filter in order
to eliminate a battery for mike operation. A
6F6 or 6V6 may be used for the power audio
stage which modulates the cathode circu it of the
S I5 c1""S-C r-f amplifier.
A small amount of inverse feedback provided
by a 2-megohm resi stor from the 6FG plate to
the GSJ 7 plate improves the modulator characteristics. Grid and cathode modulation present
a more variable impedance load to the audiofrequency tube than in the case of a plete-modulated circuit. Both of thc fanner require a greater
degree of coupling to the antenna, and a lower
value of grid drive for good quality modulation .
M echanical Det.ils
The photographs (Figs. and S) show the gencral luyout of the components wit h the exception
of th e final grid circuit which was later modified
to conform with the arrangement shown in the
circuit diagram. A small 22.5-volt C battery was
used in addition to the gridlcak bins to safeguard
the 815 tube (especially du ring tune-up periods).
It is possible to eliminate t his battery and subst it ut e a 5,OOO-ohm resist or in place of t he
batt en'
und radio-frequency
choke in t he 815
SIX-METER DX
!from page 17)
CQ
12 issues
24 issues
36 issues
$2.50
. 4.00
..
5.00
"
Sold o n Bottor
Newsstands
25c.
per co py
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ca. I
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Add"..
II
II
Cily........
'L
Fob ruary, 19 46
'
Stot
0'
p,o'
Zon. ..............................
;on ................................................................................................................
_
II
53
yOUl
property .
TH E HAM SHACK
In
'-'1
_'II,. u-
PI.n. J719"
-:::z...ELECTRONIC SPECIALISTS
FORT ORAtlGE RAOIO OISTRIBUTING COMPANY
I
I
356 Broodw.y
Albony 7, N.w Yorlc
SUPERHET CONVERTER
[from _ell]
~----------------.
In Northern C.liforni"
it',
I.
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20 Y n Depend-bl. Service,
I 128D-1284 M.rlcct St., Son Froncisco 2, Coli!.-JI
L..-
54
co
O M F. l I M U
al mH.~1
I fc:c1 so good it
"Thill house -e- I wouldn't swa p a shi ng le: off its roof
for an)' other hou se on eart h. Thi! lmle valley, with rh e
pond down in Ihc hollow a e rhe had ., is t he s po t I like bnt
in all the world.
eighr with norhing on you r mind except the fun you're going
to have tomorrow -e-thar's
thi, eareh!
35
ncar H ea ven
:1.$
m an gets u n
500.
The
und then Ellen gut sick, Like al mO'it everybod y else, I wa"l
],u ~'in l.' Bond s through the Pa yroll P lan - a nd I figur~ l on
~' ;I sh i n ll: some of them in, But sic k as she was, it was Ellen
who talked me out of i t~
.. ' I>on' t do it , J ohn !' s he said. ' Ph riU do n' t ! For the firs t
t ime in our lives, we're really saving money. It's T/)(Jlld" J ui
to kno w that every single r a)'<1a)' we have more: mo ney put
a~ i.le! J oh n, if ..... e ca n unly keep up this saving, think whae
it can mean! :'>1arbe somC'tlay l OU w o n ' r ha ve to work..
:'>l a~ be we <:an own a home. And o h, how good it would 1
tu know that we need never IIl'orry :about mone y when wer.
..1.1!'
"Well. c\"cn a fte r she got better. I s t:ayed :aw:ay from t ho
wk1r poker game- quit dropping :a lit tle cash at the hoi
spots no..... a nd t hen -gave up some of t he thin~ a man (cd..
he has :a right to. We d id n' t have as muc h fun for a ..hil.
hut we r a id ou r taxes and the doctor and-e- we didn' t roue'"
the Bonds.
" What's more, .....e kept right on putting our ex U'~ o.:a.sh
in to U. S, Savings Bonds. And the r aY-(lfl" is m a killi;"( l h.:
wur!d a prett) swell place today !"
Tr~IIJur] D~purlnU"lll(J:,wlJ""/~(I,,n
trith appr((iulion
I~ pu/JIj(4tion of this <I,l:-~rtiunltn t by
CO MAGAZINE
February. 19 46
55
Advertising Index
GO AHEAD, HAMS
THE AIR IS YOURS AGAIN
,,,
U a m P.rl. a nd Eq ipmf'nt
"
Coa'l i. 1 u b les
Jar;'::. :"'1
I
I
ARROW RAD IO CO
.
Ham P art nd f.q ip m f'n t
BLiLEY ELECTR ic CO !\.-fPAN Y
Q u a rt .., C ry- taa.
.. +0
B URSTEINAPPLEBEE CO . . .
a..ARKREISS DI STR IBt.rroRS. INC. ,
..
OJ I
"" I
equipment.
, It'fle n d on
C R YSTAL PRODUCTS CO .. .
. . t7
LAR..~
.... .. J'I
... 47
1"i hippttJ 0 11 1 sa n te
tlay r' ~tei\!ffl. .1\ II s ta n da rd Iines
a rc IIH\\' in 1' l m~ k fi r n il th e wa}".
The}' itH'lmle:
c.-.p-cito r .
C ~. t.a.
CR YST AL RESEAR CU
C rA ta la
O X C YSTAL CO
C ry. la la
..
<;a paci lo ra
..
, .
'j 1
. . .. .
') 4
ELECTRON IC LABORATORIES . . ,
Com m u nica tio n. Equipm..n t
H ALLI e
AfTERS CO . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .. 4l
. ......
NATIONAL. BUD
CARDWELL. BULEY
MALLOHY, P . R.
. ' ') 4
,, 1
Batte!)' C ha.rJ e r.
R; C. A. HAMMARLUND
HALLICRAFTERS
,.
Tlrl..,raphic Apparal ua
MacMI LLAN CO
Boo'"
Mc MURDO S ILVEH CO . .
Tf'. t Eq uipm.. nt
. . , . ..
.
. "
"
I ')
. .
Se nd for
, JI
S4
C a paci lo r.
R ~ W. T. 1946 Catalog
H a m Pa rtnd E,quipme nt
RAD IO ELE<..,RON rC SALE.~ CO . . . . . . .
H a m P .rt. and quip'm..nt
off th e press so on !
' -I
""
. ... CrW ..1 l
.
~ioW~
uleviswn
In~.
Sf.
H Ol m Part. a nd Equipment
E1eclronic: Tu b..a
-I ')
Tr.nafolm.....
TAYLOR TUBES . . . . . . .
~ . . . . . . . ..
U.
S?TR~7jR~
V icto ry Ronda
H
.
DEPT
Jafayelle Radio
56
. .. "
foo
SS
. _.. ,,-4
An a at ...i. k (..) appcarinl aftc , an .dverti..., '. nam.. ind,c. ' ",
that r o . d v.. rt i...m ..nt app,Ja,. in the curn n t i..ue.
CQ
TYPE AX2, THE NEW BLiLEY CRYSTAL FOR AMATEUR FREQUEN CIE S
J us t one loo k a t t h e m any features that
m ake up t h is n ew t y pe AX2 a n d you ' ll
und er st a n d why we say it' s a worthy
s uccessor to a long. famo us line of B liley
C rystals for a ma teur frequencies:
1 T o prevent " aging" it is acid e tched
t o freq uency by B liley's patented
pro cess.
2 N a m epla t e ca libra t io n accu r a t e t o
=l:::: .00 2% a t 25C. in factory oscilla t or
3 T e m perat ure s tab ility bette r tha n
:::t: .02';;: between l OQC . a nd + 60 C
4 Ac t ivit y level t ested between - lOQC.
and + 60' C .
S Stainless steel, coined elect rodes, con t a ct plates a nd sp rin g.
6 Solid, s ta inless s t eel pins.
7 \ Ve ld e d co n tact between
pins a nd con t act plates.
8 N eoprene gasket seal.
9 M oisture resis tant, m olded
phenolic case a nd cover
10 Small, compa ct size permits
easy st a c kin g. Two units
m a y be mounted ba ck to
b a ck in s t a n d a r d o cta l
socket.
Q
N ot a thin g h a s bee n ove rloo ked to ins u re to p per form ance unde r a ny cond it ions e n coun tcred in a mateu r eq ui p ment .
All o u r wartime experience is re flected in
t h is new model , engi neered s pecifica lly
for a mateu r frequencies.
distributor's stock
TY PE AX2
10
- Ii" -
~I
M f- ...."'"
486
:l~
SLILEY ELECTRIC COMPANY, UNION STATION BUI LDI N G. ERIE. PENNSYLVANIA. U.$.A
T ake a genuine "Seald rite" capacitor and try to squeeze it. No "soft spots."
\X'hy? Because th is Solar capacitor has its high purity paper-and.
foil-winding ingeniously molded into a cylinder of solidwax.
N o atmospheric moisture can penetrate this prorecri ve
housing to attack the capacitor element. I n genu ine
wax-molded "Sealdtite" capacitors, there just is
no possibility of th ose twin omens of trouble soggy cardboard tubes and moisture-filled hollows.
For real reliability, specify Solar "Sealdrircs"
for your new designs.