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MAGADHADYNASTY
History:
MagadhaEmpireruledfrom684B.C320B.CinIndia.TheMagadhaEmpireis
mentionedinthetwogreatepicsRamayanaandMahabharata.Itisbeenknownthat
ShishunagadynastyfoundtheMagadhaEmpire.Thegreatestempiresandreligionsof
IndiaoriginatedhereliketheGuptaEmpireandMauryanEmpire.Theseempiressaw
advancementsinancientIndia'sdifferentsubjectslikescience,mathematics,
astronomy,religion,andphilosophyandwereconsideredtheIndian"GoldenAge".
BuddhismandJainismthegreatreligionswerealsofoundedinMagadhaEmpire.
MagadhaDyanstywasthedominantforcein
thepoliticalsceneofNorthernIndiaofthose
times.Thisnamewasfirstmentionedinthe
Veda,andlateritisseenmentionedinseveral
otherancientIndiansources.Thefertilesoil
ofthisstateandtheenthusiasmofthepeople
forcultivationresultedinthefast
developmentofagricultureandthestatebecamericher.Verysoonthestateenteredintotrade
relationshipwithotherpartsofIndia.
KingBindusara(545/544493B.C.)oftheHaryankadynastyisthefounderofthisdynasty,the
brillianceofwhichilluminatedthehistoryofIndiaforalongtime.TheSisunagadynastycaptured
powerfromtheHaryankadynasty.ThisperiodsawthegloryofthedevelopmentoftheBuddhaJainareligions.AftertheSisunagas,itwas
theperiodoftheNandadynastytobefollowedbytheMaurya.TheKingBimbisara,wasmurderedbyhisPrinceAjatashatru.King
Pasenadi,kingofneighboringKosalaAjatashatruwascaughtbyanambushandcapturedwithhisarmy.However,KingPasenadiallowed
movingandarmyreturnedtoMagadha.KingPasendialsogothisdaughtermarriedtothenewyoungking.
DuetothedeathofBuhlulLodhiinJuly1489,hissonNizamKhansucceededhim,underthetitleSikandarShah.Heturnedouttobethe
mostcapableruleroftheLodhiDynasty.SikandarShahestablishedafairsystemofadministration&foundedthehistoricalcityofAgra.
HisempireextendedfromPunjabtoBiharandhealsosignedatreatywiththerulerofBengal,AlauddinHussainShah.SikandarShahwas
theonewhofoundedanewtownwherethemoderndayAgrastandsandwasknowntobeakindandgenerousrulerwhocaredforhis
subjects.
TheMagadhaMauryaitwasaperiodofcolorfuleventswhenthefirstlargestatesofIndiatookshape,gainedstrengthandthencontended
forsupremacy.KingUdayin(461445B.C.)shiftedthecapitalofMagadhafromRajagrihatoPataliputra(modernPatna)anditbecamea
veryfamouscenterofwealth,learningandpowerinancientIndia.
MagadhaEmpirewasamongthosewhichformedoneofthesixteenMahajanapadas(Sanskrit,"greatcountries")orregionsinancientIndia.
ThecoreareaoftheEmpirewastheareaofBiharsouthoftheGangesitscapitalwasRajagaha(modernRajgir).MagadhaEmpire
expandedfromEasternUttarPradeshtothemostofBihar,andBengalwiththeconquestofLicchaviandAngarespectively.Magadha
EmpireisalsomentionedinBuddhistandJaintexts.TheinitialreferenceofMagadhapeopleoccursintheAtharvaVedawheretheyare
foundlistedalongwiththeAngas,Gandharis,andMujavats.TherepublicancommunityofRajakumarawasalsoincludedintheMagadha
Dynasty.
MagadhaEmpiregainedmuchpowerduringtheruleofKingBimbisaraandsuccessorAjatshatru.Bimbisara
wasmurderedbyhissonAjatshatru.TheMagadhaEmpireinIndiaextendeduptomoderndayBihar,Patna
andsomepartsofBengal.TheempireextendedfromRiverGangestothekingdomsofKosalaandKashi
whichwereannexed.TheMagadhaEmpirefoughtmanybattleswithmostofitsneighbors.Duringthis
periodAjatshatrubuiltahugefortathiscapitalPataliputra.DuringtheeraBuddhaprophesizedandthis
placebecomeapopularplaceoftradeandcommerce.
MagadhapursuedapolicyofexpansionismandithadlinkswiththestatesofEasternandNorthernIndia.
ThepowerfulstatesofKoshala,AvantiandLichchaviwerethecontestantswithMagadhaforcontrollingthe
traderoutes,especiallytheGangesriversystem.Thisresultedinfrequentwars.KingUdayin(461445B.C.)
shiftedthecapitalofMagadhafromRajagrihatoPataliputra(modernPatna)anditbecameaveryfamous
centerofwealth,learningandpowerinancientIndiaWithpowerfulmilitaryforce,theMagadhaEmpire
naturallyhadanupperhandoverconqueringneighborhoodplacesandspreadingtheirterritory.However,

afterthedeathofKingUdayan,theMagadhaEmpirestartedtodeclineveryrapidly.Internaldisturbancesandcorruptionwithinthe
kingdomledtoitsdecline.TheMagadhaEmpirewasfinallytakenoverbythepowerfulNandadynastywhothenruledhereforagood
amountoftimebeforebeingtakenoverbytheMauryas.
The16Mahajanapadaandtheircapitalswereasfollows:
Anga:Champa
Magadha:Girvraj,Patliputra
Kashi:Banaras
Vatsa:Kausambi(Allahabad)
Koshal:Shravasti
Sursen:Mathura
Panchal:Ahikshatra,Kampilya
Kuru:IndraPrastha
Matsya:Bairath
Chedi:Shaktimati
Avanti:Ujjain,Mahishamati
Gandhar:Takshshila
Kambauj:HatakorRajpur
Asmak:PotanorPotani
Wajji:VaishaliorLichchhavi
Matsya:KushniaraorPawa
TheMagadhaadministrationwasdividedintojudicial,executiveandmilitaryfunctions.Magadhawasaregionwhichwasknownfor
productiveagriculture.Ironmineswereaccessibleandprovidedresourcesfortoolsandweapons.Elephantsformedanimportant
componentofthearmyintheregion.Gangaanditstributariesprovidedameansofcheapandconvenientcommunication.Villageshadtheir
ownassembliesundertheirlocalchiefscalledGramakas.
Place

Bihar&Patna

Period

684B.C320B.C

Language PashtoandPersian
Religion

Hinduism,Buddhism

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