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DIVERSITY
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More to know
SCIENCE
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7.3.1 MONERA
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uestions
D IVERSITY
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Resting
spore
Bacteria
Heterocyst
Anabaena
7.3.2 PROTISTA
Water vacuole
Cilia
Macronucleus
Micronucleus
Oral groove
Cytosome
Food vacuole
Cytopyge
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Waste
Paramecium
Ectoplasm
Endoplasm
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Agaricus
is
Penicillium
Food vacuole
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Aspergillus
Crystals
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Advancing
pseudopod
Contractile vacuole
Amoeba
Flagellum (short)
Eyespot
Flagellum (long)
Photoreceptor
Contractile
Chloroplast
vacuole
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Euglena
7.3.3 FUNGI
7.3.4 PLANTAE
7.3.5 ANIMALIA
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Fig. 7.4: The Five Kingdom classification
uestions
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7.4 Plantae
7.4.1 T HALLOPHYTA
Plants that do not have well-differentiated
body design fall in this group. The plants in
this group are commonly called algae. These
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7.4.2 BRYOPHYTA
These are called the amphibians of the plant
kingdom. The plant body is commonly
differentiated to form stem and leaf-like
structures. However, there is no specialised
tissue for the conduction of water and other
substances from one part of the plant body
to another. Examples are moss (Funaria) and
Marchantia (see Fig. 7.6).
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Cladophora
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Ulothrix
Chloroplast
Pyrenoids
Riccia
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Nucleus
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Cell-wall
Cytoplasm
Ulva
Marchantia
Funaria
Spirogyra
7.4.3 PTERIDOPHYTA
Chara
7.4.5 ANGIOSPERMS
Fern
Marsilea
Fig. 7.7: Pteridophyta
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Root
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Stem
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Sporocarp
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Leaf
7.4.4 GYMNOSPERMS
Pinus
Cycas
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Fig. 7.11: Classification of plants
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uestions
7.5 Animalia
These are organisms which are eukaryotic,
multicellular and heterotrophic. Their cells
do not have cell-walls. Most animals are
mobile.
They are further classified based on the
extent and type of the body design
differentiation found.
Tentacles
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Mouth
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Epidermis
Mesoglea
Gastrodermis
Gastrovascular
cavity
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Sea anemone
Foot
Hydra
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Stinging cell
7.5.1 PORIFERA
7.5.3 PLATYHELMINTHES
Euplectelea
Sycon
Spongilla
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Pharynx
Mouth
and anus
Tape worm
Tentacle
7.5.4 NEMATODA
is
Liverfluke
Planaria
Sucker
Neck
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Scolex
Acetabulum
Palp
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Eyes
7.5.5 ANNELIDA
Branched
gastrovascular
cavity
Parapodia
Anus
Parapodia
Nereis
Female
Genital
papillae
Earthworm
Leech
7.5.6 ARTHROPODA
Male
Ascaris
Wuchereria
7.5.8 ECHINODERMATA
Palaemon
(Prawn)
Palamnaeus
(Scorpion)
Butterfly
Aranea(Spider)
7.5.7 MOLLUSCA
Antedon
(feather star)
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Musca
(House fly)
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Scolopendra
(Centipede)
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Pariplaneta
(Cockroach)
Holothuria
(sea cucumber)
7.5.9 PROTOCHORDATA
Chiton
Octopus
Unio
Pila
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Collarette
Collar
Branchial region
Gill pores
Dorsally
curved
genital wings
Middosrsal
ridge
Hepatic caeca
is
Posthepatic
region
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Anus
Proboscis
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Synchiropus splendidus
(Mandarin fish)
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Hepatic region
Caulophyryne jordani
(Angler fish)
Pterois volitans
(Lion fish)
7.5.10
V ERTEBRATA
Spiracle
Eye
Pelvic fin
Dorsal fin
Tail
Caudal fin
Electric ray (Torpedo)
Eye
Mouth Gills
Sting ray
Dorsal fin
Tail
Pectoral Pelvic
fin
fin
Eye
7.5.10 ((iii
iii
iii)) REPTILIA
Head
Nostril
Mouth
Caudal
fin
Pelvic
fin
Pectoral Mouth
Brood
fin
pouch
Pectoral
fin
Dorsal
fin
Tail
Male Hippocampus
(Sea horse)
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Scales
Tail
Pelvic fin
Exocoetus (Flying fish)
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Turtle
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Chameleon
7.5.10 ((ii
ii
ii)) AMPHIBIA
King Cobra
Salamander
Toad
7.5.10 ((iv
iv
iv)) AVES
Rana tigrina
(Common frog)
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Whale
White Stork
(Ciconia ciconia)
Rat
Human
Bat
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Ostrich
(Struthio camelus)
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Cat
Sparrow
Pigeon
Crow
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Fig. 7.26: Classification of animals
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7.6 Nomenclature
What
you have
learnt
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Exercises
3.
4.
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1.
2.
5.
6.
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LIVING ORGANISMS
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