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in 25 years: 80.8
million tons of natural and synthetic fibers were produced, 6.4 million tons or 8.6 per cent more than in 2009, and
the growth will continue. Demand growth, particularly for clothing and home textiles, is in direct proportion to
increases in the standard of living in emerging markets such as India and China. The fashion industry cycles are
setting new trends in increasingly shorter cycles. Another key driver is the range of innovations being made in
the area of synthetic fibers. These fibers have highly distinctive characteristics and meet a wide variety of
demands. These include resistance to soiling, outstanding cleaning performance, exceptional thermal insulation,
breathability, durability and strength. These qualitative trends require new, innovative textile machines with high
efficiency
and
flexibility.
Weaving
Garments Manufacturing
Spinning
Spinning is a technique where the staples are blown by air into a rotating drum, where
they attach themselves to the tail of formed yarn that is continually being drawn out of
the chamber.
Most spinning today is done using Break or Open-end spinning
Other methods of break spinning use needles and electrostatic forces. This method has
replaced the older methods of ring and mule spinning. It also is easily adapted
for artificial fibres.
Weaving
The weaving process uses a loom. The lengthway threads are known as the warp, and
the cross way threads are known as the weft. The warp which must be strong needs to
be presented to loom on a warp beam. The weft passes across the loom in a shuttle,
that carries the yarn on a pirn. These pirns are automatically changed by the loom.
Thus, the yarn needs to be wrapped onto a beam, and onto pirns before weaving can
commence.
Winding
After being spun and plied, the cotton thread is taken to a warping room where
the winding machine takes the required length of yarn and winds it onto warpers
bobbins
Warping or beaming
A WarperRacks of bobbins are set up to hold the thread while it is rolled onto the
warp bar of a loom. Because the thread is fine, often three of these would be
combined to get the desired thread count.
Dyeing
Dyeingis commonly carried out with an anionic direct dye by completely immersing
the fabric (or yarn) in an aqueous dyebath according to a prescribed procedure
Printing
Printing is the application of colour in the form of a paste or ink to the surface of a
fabric, in a predetermined pattern. It may be considered as localised dyeing. Printing
designs onto already dyed fabric is also possible.
Technology
The textile industry consumes large amounts of water and its operating costs can be
high. The European Union (EU)-funded project DIGITEX sought to change this.
The team helped produce garments using technology evolved from inkjet printing to
enable chemicals to be deposited and fixed on textiles in controllable quantities and
prescribed locations. The results? Cleaner and more efficient production methods as
well as textiles that are lightweight, comfortable, strong and protective.
Market size
The Indian textiles industry, currently estimated at around US$ 108 billion, is expected to reach
US$ 223 billion by 2021. The industry is the second largest employer after agriculture, providing
employment to over 45 million people directly and 60 million people indirectly. The Indian
Textile Industry contributes approximately 5 per cent to Indias gross domestic product (GDP),
and 14 per cent to overall Index of Industrial Production (IIP).
The Indian textile industry has the potential to reach US$ 500 billion in size according to a study
by Wazir Advisors and PCI Xylenes & Polyester. The growth implies domestic sales to rise to
US$ 315 billion from currently US$ 68 billion. At the same time, exports are implied to increase
to US$ 185 billion from approximately US$ 41 billion currently.
The current global garment market is approximately US$ 1.15 trillion which forms nearly
1.8% of the world GDP. Almost 75% of this market is concentrated in EU27, USA,
China and Japan.
The world garment market is growing at a CAGR of 5% and attaining a size of about
US$ 2.21 trillion by 2025
spend on garment is highest for India and China, which is 11%, followed by Russia i.e.
8% and Brazil i.e. 4%.
The global export of textile and apparel was approximately US$ 717 billion in 2013
and import was approximately 629 Bn. US$. From 2009 to 2013, the global textile
Raymond Ltd
Industry
Textile
Founded
1925,Thane
Website
www.raymondindia.com
Head office
Mumbai,Maharastra India.
Major products
Woolen fabrics
Net profit
88.12Cr.
Reference
1) file:///H:/web%20page/Digital%20technology%20transforming%20the
%20textile%20industry%20-%20European%20Commission.htm.
2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_manufacturing.
3) http://india-itme.com/pdfs/Textile_Machinery_Market.pdf
4) http://www.ibef.org/industry/indian-textiles-and-apparel-industryanalysis-presentation
5) http://www.indiantextilemagazine.in/corporate-news/raymond-ltdgains-ground-with-fair-growth-in-sales-profit/
1 INTRODUCTION
In today's competitive world, domestic and export markets in textiles are
progressing at a rapid pace. Exponential growth in global industrialization is noticed
in the west and rest of the world. Innovations in the use of electronics information
technology, computers and automation are needed to achieve a high quality
standard. Textile and apparel, being labour intensive industries, code of conduct at
the work place is hard to overlook. But the main challenge before the textile
production industry is as to how to produce a product at a competitive price by
using environment friendly process and by reducing emissions and pollution
treatment cost.
Biosphere is under serious trouble and impact on its atmosphere, hydrosphere and
lithosphere by human cannot be ignored. Man made activities on water by
domestic, industrial, agriculture, shipping, radio-active, aquaculture wastes; on air
by industrial pollutants, mobile combustion, burning of fuels, agricultural activities,
ionization radiation, cosmic radiation, suspended particulate matter; on land by
domestic wastes, industrial waste, agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, acid rain,
animal waste have negative influence over biotic and abiotic components on
different natural eco-systems. Global warming, rising of sea level, abnormal climatic
change, loss in bio-diversity, deforestation, ozone layer depletion are some of the
adverse effects on environment.
Textile accounts for 30% of India's export. There is no doubt that price, quality, turn
around time and social compliance are the essential elements of export. Of late,
clean processing has become an additional requirement. Unfortunately, in
comparison to other branches of engineering and technology, environmental
Impact on environment
Economic
In 2010, the global apparel industry produced more than 150 billion garments,
enough to provide more than twenty new articles of clothing to every person on the
planet. At that scale, it is not surprising that the market for textiles is critical to the
world economy. In fact, it is estimated that in 2010 the textiles and apparel market
had revenues in excess of $1.8 trillion dollars.(AM Mindpower 2010)
Within this market, one of the best documented sectors is apparel production. These
data reveal the global nature of the textiles trade and, in particular, the uneven
distribution of production and consumption across the planet. More than twothirds
of revenue for apparel producers derives from export trade. Unsurprisingly, this
means that garment manufacturing is geographically removed from major garment
markets. As Figure 1 shows, more than 60% of production is carried out in East Asia,
while about 60% of consumption occurs in the EU, the US, and Japan (with China
rapidly becoming a large consumer as well).
Environment
A single mill can use 200 tons of water for each ton of fabric it dyes. And rivers run
redor chartreuse, or teal, depending on what color is in fashion that seasonwith
untreated toxic dyes washing off from mills.(NRDC 2011)
By 2015, the global apparel industry is expected to produce more than 400 billion
square meters of fabric per year, representing nearly enough material to cover the
state of California annually. These fabrics will be produced from nearly 100 million
tonnes of fiber and filament yarns, about 40% of which are agriculturally derived
(i.e., cotton, wool, ) and 60% synthetic (i.e., polyester, nylon, ). (Gugnami and
Mishra 2012)
This scale of production directly establishes the scale of the industrys
environmental impact. Although much work still needs to be done to fully
characterize the magnitude of the burden, and there is a great range in terms of
practices, including firms that are quite responsible. A rough analysis from 2009
estimates that the global industry consumes nearly 1 billion kWh of electricity or
130 million tonnes of coal, making the apparel industry a significant contributor to
global greenhouse emissions. (O Ecotextiles 2009)
One key resource utilized by the textiles industry is water. In 2009, the New York
Times (reporting on a California study) revealed that several dozen gallons (or more
than 400 pounds) of water were required to process one pound of textiles. (Peters
2009) Mapping this consumption rate onto the countries where production is
concentrated shows that the industrys use and discharge rates constitute a
significant fraction of available water resources. As an example, in 2009, textile
production ranked third among major industries in China in terms of total
wastewater discharge, emitting over 2.5 billion tonnes, primarily from the dyeing
and finishing steps of manufacture. (IPE 2012)
Social