తెలుగు అక్షరమాల,Telugu Aksharamala

`Q =~=
Telugu Alphabet
Telugu Learning Kit

Module 1
C P Brown Academy
The Alpha Foundation
Hyderabad
www.mohanpublications.com
Foreword
-
The Module-1, Telugu Varnamala,

is intended to help the Telugu
.
speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of
linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this
book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels,
consonants, gunintamulu
and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu.
.
The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its
pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics.
For instance, the symbol a stands for the Telugu letter J that sounds
like o as in the word come. Let us take another example. The symbol
c stands for the Telugu letter K that sounds like ch as in the word
church. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to
help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English.
The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice
to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily.
We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to
pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter
in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the
Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to
the learners.
Enjoy!
SS Prabhakar Rao
`Q =~=
TELUGU ALPHABET
Vowels (JK
: Acculu)
*
far
wood
.lu
J P W D
L T | |
Z U S
X F B
come
.lu
look
bit
ru
.
ru
.
cool
.rusi.
root
ai
get
loop
feel
rotate
stake
au
oat
am
.
mite
out
ah.
JO J
some
half
* a stands for J and sounds like o as in come. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.
Consonants (
Hallulu)
36 Characters
*
kh
gh
H Y Q
K K K [
~ &
@ ~ _ _
` ^ ^ ^
khaki
silk
.c
.capa
church
.j
jhansi
th
.
take
.
tabala
nilakantha
.
dh
.
n.
dh
though
dhoti
}
#
prana
.
- asadha
. .
bird
thumb
jug
~
sanjna
d.
th
~
n
jh
t.
prajna
.jabili
witch
V
[
ghost
go
ch
.
n
nature
* k stands for H and sounds like k as in silk. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.
ph
bh
| =
~
= +
H
cup
phone
bat
young
bharat
l.
rust
s.
sastry
levy
home
sun
ship
r.
ksh
-- kalimata
.
lump
month
error
raksha
Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants
( L
H~ ::
Ubhayaksharalu)
(# = O Sunna) (J~ # = Arasunna) (q~ = - Visarga)

Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.

They are
6
.lu .lu-
K [ |
.c
.j
ru
.
JK U qÔ Q "e?
How to write Vowels?
come
far
bit
feel
wood
cool
ru
.
.rusi
.
ru
.
root
get
stake
ai
mite
rotate
au
oat
out
am
.
some
ah.
half
8
U qÔ Q "e?
How to write Consonants?
k
kh
silk
khaki
gh
go
ghost
.
n
.
prajna
c
ch
church
witch
jh
jug
jhansi
~
n
~
sanjna
t.
th
.
take
nilakantha
.
d.
dh
.
bird

asadha
. .
n.
prana
.
th
tabala
thumb
dh
though
dhoti
nature
10
ph
cup
phone
bh
bat
bharat
m
month
y
young
rust
l.
lump
kalimata
.
levy
sastry
11
s.
ship
s
sun
h
home
ksh
raksha
.r
error
12
Symbols of Gunintamulu
.
Telugu Letter
Roman Character
Symbol
How to write
ru
.
ru
ai
au
JO
am
.
ah
13
Q}O`=
'H
14
(Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

'Y Q}O`= (kha-Gunintamu)
Q}O`= (ka-Gunintamu)
.
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
M
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
H
H
H
H
H$
H$
H
H
H
H
H
H
HO
H
ka
ka
ki
ki
ku
ku
kru
.
kru
.
ke
ke
kai
ko
ko
kau
kam
.
kah.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
Y
M
d
v
Y
Y
kha
kha
khi
khi
khu
khu
Y$
khru
.
Y$
M
M
M
M
M
M
YO
Y
khru
.
khe
khe
khai
kho
kho
khau
kham
.
khah.
Q}O`=
'Q
(Gunintamulu)
.
Q}O`= (ga-Gunintamu)
' Q}O`= (gha-Gunintamu)
.
.
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
Q
Q
y
w
Q
Q
Q$
Q$
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
QO
Q
ga
ga
gi
gi
gu
gu
gru
.
gru
.
ge
ge
gai
go
go
gau
gam
.
gah.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J

$
$

O

gha
gha
ghi
ghi
ghu
ghu
ghru
.
ghru
.
ghe
ghe
ghai
gho
gho
ghau
gham
.
ghah.
15
Q}O`=
'K
16
(Gunintamulu)
.

Q}O`= (ca-Gunintamu)
'K Q}O`= (cha-Gunintamu)
.
.
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
K
K
z
p
K
K
K$
K$
K
K
K
K
K
K
KO
K
ca
ca
ci
ci
cu
cu
cru
.
cru
.
ce
ce
cai
co
co
cau
cam
.
cah.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
K
K
z
p
K
K
K$
K$
K
K
K
K
K
K
KO
K
cha
cha
chi
chi
chu
chu
chru
.
chru
.
che
che
chai
cho
cho
chau
cham
.
chah.
Q}O`=
(Gunintamulu)
.
'[ Q}O`= (ja Gunintamu)

.
'~ Q}O`= (jha Gunintamu)

.
*
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
[
*
l
r
A
E
[$
[$
*
*
*
*
*
*
[O
[
jru
.
je
je
jai
jo
jo
jau
jam
.
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
jah.
~ { J ~
ja
ja
ji
ji
ju
ju
jru
.
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
~
~
i
s
~
~
~$
~$
~
~
~
~
~
~
~O
jha
jha
jhi
jhi
jhu
jhu
jhru
.
jhru
.
jhe
jhe
jhai
jho
jho
jhau
jham
.
jhah.
17
Q}O`=
'@
18
(Gunintamulu)
.
Q}O`= (ta-Gunintamu)
'~ Q}O`= (tha-Gunintamu)
.
.
.
.
\
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
@
\
\
\
@
@
@$
@$
>
>
>
\
\
\
@O
@
ta
.
ta
.
ti.
ti.
.tu
.tu
.
.tru
.
.tru
te
.
te
.
tai
.
to
.
to
.
tau
.
tam
. .
tah
. .
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
~
~
i
s
~
~
~$
~$
~
~
~
~
~
~
~O
~
tha
.
tha
.
thi
.
thi
.
thu
.
thu
.
thru
. .
thru
. .
the
.
the
.
thai
.
tho
.
tho
.
thau
.
tham
. .
thah
. .
Q}O`=
'_
(Gunintamulu)
.
Q}O`= (da-Gunintamu)
'_ Q}O`= (dha-Gunintamu)
.
.
.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
_
_
_
_
_
_
_$
_$
_
_
_
_
_
_
_O
_
da
.
da
.
di
.
di
.
du
.
du
.
dru
..
dru
..
de
.
de
.
dai
.
do
.
do
.
dau
.
dam
. .
dah
. .
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
_
_
_
_
_
_
_$
_$
_
_
_
_
_
_
_O
_
dha
.
dha
.
dhi
.
dhi
.
dhu
.
dhu
.
dhru
. .
dhru
. .
dhe
.
dhe
.
dhai
.
dho
.
dho
.
dhau
.
dham
. .
dhah
. .
19
Q}O`=
'}
(Gunintamulu)
.
Q}O`= (na-Gunintamu)
'` Q}O`= (ta-Gunintamu)
.
.
.
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
20
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
}
}
}
}
}
}
}$
}$
}
}
}
}
}
}
}O
}
na
.
na
.
ni
.
ni
.
nu
.
nu
.
nru
..
nru
..
ne
.
ne
.
nai
.
no
.
no
.
nau
.
nam
. .
nah
. .
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
`
`
u
f
`
`
`$
`$
`
`
`
`
`
`
Ò
`
ta
ta
ti
ti
tu
tu
tru
.
tru
.
te
te
tai
to
to
tau
tam
.
tah.
Q}O`=
'^
(Gunintamulu)
.

Q}O`= (tha-Gunintamu)
'^ Q}O`= (da-Gunintamu)
.
.
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
^
^
k
n
^
^
^$
^$
^
^
^
^
^
^
Ô
^
tha
tha
thi
thi
thu
thu
thru
.
the
the
thai
tho
tho
thau
tham
.
thah.
thru
.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
^
^
k
n
^
^
^$
^$
^
^
^
^
^
^
Ô
da
da
di
di
du
du
dru
.
dru
.
de
de
dai
do
do
dau
dam
.
{ J ^
dah.
21
Q}O`=
'^
22
(Gunintamulu)
.

Q}O`= (dha-Gunintamu)
'# Q}O`= (na-Gunintamu)
.
.
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
<
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
^
^
k
n
^
^
^$
^$
^
^
^
^
^
^
Ô
^
dha
dha
dhi
dhi
dhu
dhu
dhru
.
dhe
dhe
dhai
dho
dho
dhau
dham
.
dhah.
dhru
.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
#
<
x
h
#
#
#$
#$
<
<
<
<
<
<
#O
na
na
ni
ni
nu
nu
nru
.
nru
.
ne
ne
nai
no
no
nau
nam
.
{ J #
nah.
Q}O`=
'

Q}O`= (pa-Gunintamu)
' Q}O`= (pha-Gunintamu)
.
.
(Gunintamulu)
.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
$
$
pa
pa
pi
pi
pu
pu
pru
.
pru
.
pe
pe
pai
po
po
pau
pam
.
pah.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
$
$
pha
pha
phi
phi
phu
phu
phru
.
phru
.
phe
phe
phai
pho
pho
phau
pham
.
{ J
phah.
23
Q}O`=
'|

Q}O`= (ba-Gunintamu)
' Q}O`= (bha-Gunintamu)
.
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24
(Gunintamulu)
.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
a
c
|
|
|$
|$
|O
|
ba
ba
bi
bi
bu
bu
bru
.
be
be
bai
bo
bo
bau
bam
.
bah.
bru
.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
a
c
$
$
bha
bha
bhi
bhi
bhu
bhu
bhru
.
bhru
.
bhe
bhe
bhai
bho
bho
bhau
bham
.
{ J
bhah.
Q}O`=
'=

Q}O`= (ma-Gunintamu)
' Q}O`= (ya-Gunintamu)
.
.
"
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
(Gunintamulu)
.
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
=
=
q
g
=
=
=$
=$
"
"
"
"
"
=
=O
=
mam
.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
mah.
{ J
ma
ma
mi
mi
mu
mu
mru
.
mru
.
me
me
mai
mo
mo
mau
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO

~
~

$
$

O
ya
ya
yi
yi
yu
yu
yru
.
yru
.
ye
ye
yai
yo
yo
yau
yam
.
yah.
25
Q}O`=
'~

Q}O`= (ra-Gunintamu)
' Q}O`= (la-Gunintamu)
.
.
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
26
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
(Gunintamulu)
.
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
~
~
i
s
~
~
~$
~$
~
~
~
~
~
~
~O
~
ra
ra
ri
ri
ru
ru
rru
.
rru
.
re
re
rai
ro
ro
rau
ram
.
rah.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
e
b
$
$
la
la
li
li
lu
lu
lru
.
le
le
lai
lo
lo
lau
lam
.
lah
.
lru
.
Q}O`=
'
(Gunintamulu)
.

Q}O`= (la-Gunintamu)
'= Q}O`= (va-Gunintamu)
.
.
.
.li
.li
.lu
.lu
.
.lru
.lru
.
.le
.le
.lai
.lo
.lo
.lau
.
.lam
" { J
= { P
= { W
= { D
= { L
= { T
= { |
= { |
= { Z
= { U
= { S
= { X
= { F
= { B
= { JO
{ J
.lah.
{ J
{ P
{ W
{ D
{ L
{ T
{ |
{ |
{ Z
{ U
{ S
{ X
{ F
{ B
{ JO
o
m
$
$
.la
.la
=
"
q
g
=
=
=$
=$
"
"
"
"
"
"
=O
va
va
vi
vi
vu
vu
vru
.
vru
.
ve
ve
vai
vo
vo
vau
vam
.
= { J =
vah.
27
Q}O`=
'
Q}O`= (sa-Gunintamu)
'+ Q}O`= (sa-Gunintamu)
.
.
.
28
(Gunintamulu)
.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
t
j
$
$
sru
.
se
se
sai
so
so
sau
sam
.
+ { J
+ { P
+ { W
+ { D
+ { L
+ { T
+ { |
+ { |
+ { Z
+ { U
+ { S
+ { X
+ { F
+ { B
+ { JO
sam
. .
sah
.
+ { J +
sah
. .
sa
sa
si
si
su
su
sru
.
+
+
+
+
+$
+$
+
+
+
+O
sa
.
sa
.
si
.
si
.
su
.
su
.
sru
..
sru
..
se
.
se
.
sai
.
so
.
so
.
sau
.
Q}O`=
'
(Gunintamulu)
.

Q}O`= (sa-Gunintamu)
' Q}O`= (ha-Gunintamu)
.
.
sam.
{ J
{ P
{ W
{ D
{ L
{ T
{ |
{ |
{ Z
{ U
{ S
{ X
{ F
{ B
{ JO
sah.
{ J
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
$
$
sa
sa
si
si
su
su
sru
.
sru
.
se
se
sai
so
so
sau

$
$

O
ha
ha
hi
hi
hu
hu
hru
.
hru
.
he
he
hai
ho
ho
hau
ham
.
hah.
29
Q}O`=
'H

Q}O`= (ksha-Gunintamu)
' Q}O`= (ra-Gunintamu)
.
.
.
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
30
(Gunintamulu)
.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
H
H
H
H
H$
H$
H
H
H
H
H
H
HO
H
ksha
ksha
kshi
kshi
kshu
kshu
kshru
.
kshru
.
kshe
kshe
kshai
ksho
ksho
kshau
ksham
.
{ J
{ P
{ W
{ D
{ L
{ T
{ |
{ |
{ Z
{ U
{ S
{ X
{ F
{ B
{ JO
kshah.
$
$
.ra
.ra
.ri
.ri
ru
.
.ru
.rru
.
.rru
.
.re
.re
.rai
.ro
.ro
.rau
ram
. .
{ J
.rah.
Symbols of Vottulu
k
kh
gh
ch
jh
~
n
t.
th
.
&
&
d.
dh
.
n.
th
dh
.
n
ph
bh
.l
s.
ksha
ra
.
31
32
VOTTULU for ka consonant
VOTTULU for kha consonant
'H "`
'Y "`
kka
kdha
khka
khdha
kkha
kna
khkha
khna
kga
kpa
khga
khpa
kgha
kpha
khgha
khpha
kca
kba
khca
khba
kcha
kbha
khcha
khbha
kja
kma
khja
khma
kjha
kya
Y~
khjha
khya
kta
.
kra
khta
.
khra
ktha
.
kla
khtha
.
khla
H
H
H
kda
.
kla
.
khda
.
khla
.
kdha
.
kva
khdha
.
khva
kna
.
ksa
khna
.
khsa
kta
ksa
.
khta
khsa
.
ktha
ksa
khtha
khsa
kda
kha
khda
khha
VOTTULU for ga consonant
VOTTULU for gha consonant
'Q "`
' "`
gka
gdha
ghka
ghdha
gkha
gna
ghkha
ghna
gga
gpa
ghga
ghpa
ggha
gpha
ghgha
ghpha
gca
gba
ghca
ghba
gcha
gbha
ghcha
ghbha
gja
gma
ghja
ghma
gjha
gya
ghjha
ghya
gta
.
gra
ghta
.
ghra
gtha
.
gla
ghtha
.
ghla
gda
.
gla
.
ghda
.
ghla
.
gdha
.
gva
ghdha
.
ghva
gna
.
gsa
ghna
.
ghsa
gta
gsa
.
ghta
ghsa
.
gtha
gsa
ghtha
ghsa
gda
gha
ghda
ghha
33
34
VOTTULU for ca consonant
VOTTULU for cha consonant
'K "`
'K "`
cka
cdha
chka
chdha
ckha
cna
chkha
chna
cga
cpa
chga
chpa
cgha
cpha
chgha
chpha
cca
cba
chca
chba
ccha
cbha
chcha
chbha
cja
cma
chja
chma
K~
chjha
cya
K~
chjha
chya
cta
.
cra
chta
.
chra
ctha
.
cla
chtha
.
chla
cda
.
cla
.
chda
.
chla
.
cdha
.
cva
chdha
.
chva
chna
.
csa
chna
.
chsa
cta
csa
.
chta
chsa
.
ctha
csa
chtha
chsa
cda
cha
chda
chha
VOTTULU for ja consonant
VOTTULU for jha consonant
'[ "`
'~ "`
jka
jdha
jhka
jkha
jna
jhkha
jhna
jga
jpa
jhga
jhpa
jgha
jpha
jhgha
jhpha
jca
jba
jhca
jhba
jcha
jbha
jhcha
jhbha
jja
jma
jhja
jhma
[~
jjha
jya
~~
jhjha
jhya
jta
.
jra
jhta
.
jhra
jtha
.
jla
jhtha
.
jhla
jda
.
jla
.
jhda
.
jhla
.
jdha
.
jva
jhdha
.
jhva
jna
.
jsa
jhna
.
jhsa
jta
jsa
.
jhta
jhsa
.
jtha
jsa
jhtha
jhsa
jda
jha
jhda
jhha
jhdha
35
36
VOTTULU for ta
. consonant
VOTTULU for tha

consonant
.
'@ "`
'~ "`
tka
.
tdha
.
.thka
thdha
.
.tkha
.tna
.thkha
thna
.
tga
.
.tpa
.thga
thpa
.
.tgha
.tpha
.thgha
thpha
.
tca
.
.tba
thca
.
thba
.
tcha
.
tbha
.
thcha
.
thbha
.
.tja
tma
.
.thja
thma
.
@
~
.tjha
.tya
thjha
.
thya
.
.tta
.
tra
.
thta
. .
thra
.
ttha
..
.tla
.ththa
.
thla
.
tda
..
.tla
.
.thda
.
thla
..
tdha
..
.tva
thdha
. .
thva
.
tna
..
tsa
.
thna
. .
thsa
.
tta
.
tsa
..
thta
.
thsa
. .
ttha
.
tsa
.
ththa
.
thsa
.
tda
.
tha
.
thda
.
thha
.
VOTTULU for da
consonant
.
VOTTULU for dha

consonant
.
'_ "`
'_ "`
dka
.
ddha
.
dhka
.
dhdha
.
dkha
.
dna
.
dhkha
.
dhna
.
dga
.
dpa
.
dhga
.
dhpa
.
dgha
.
dpha
.
dhgha
.
dhpha
.
dca
.
dba
.
dhca
.
dhba
.
dcha
.
dbha
.
dhcha
.
dhbha
.
dja
.
dma
.
dhja
.
dhma
.
_~
djha
.
dya
.
_~
dhjha
.
dhya
.
dta
..
dra
.
dhta
. .
dhra
.
dtha
..
dla
.
dhtha
. .
dhla
.
dda
..
dla
..
dhda
. .
dhla
. .
ddha
..
dva
.
dhdha
. .
dhva
.
dna
..
dsa
.
dhna
. .
dhsa
.
dta
.
dsa
..
dhta
.
dhsa
. .
dtha
.
dsa
.
dhtha
.
dhsa
.
dda
.
dha
.
dhda
.
dhha
.
37
38
VOTTULU for ta consonant
VOTTULU for tha consonant
'` "`
'^ "`
tka
tdha
thka
thdha
tkha
tna
thkha
thna
tga
tpa
thga
thpa
tgha
tpha
thgha
thpha
tca
tba
thca
thba
tcha
tbha
thcha
thbha
tja
tma
thja
thma
`
~
tjha
tya
^~
thjha
thya
tta
.
tra
thta
.
thra
ttha
.
tla
ththa
.
thla
tda
.
tla
.
thda
.
thla
.
tdha
.
tva
thdha
.
thva
tna
.
tsa
thna
.
thsa
tta
tsa
.
thta
thsa
.
ttha
tsa
ththa
thsa
tda
tha
thda
thha
VOTTULU for da consonant
VOTTULU for dha consonant
'^ "`
'^ "`
dka
ddha
dhka
dhdha
dkha
dna
dhkha
dhna
dga
dpa
dhga
dhpa
dgha
dpha
dhgha
dhpha
dca
dba
dhca
dhba
dcha
dbha
dhcha
dhbha
dja
dma
dhja
dhma
^~
djha
dya
^~
dhjha
dhya
dta
.
dra
dhta
.
dhra
dtha
.
dla
dhtha
dhla
dda
.
dla
.
dhda
dhla
.
ddha
.
dva
dhdha
dhva
dna
.
dsa
dhna
dhsa
dta
dsa
.
dhta
dhsa
dtha
dsa
dhtha
dhsa
dda
dha
dhda
dhha
39
40
VOTTULU for na consonant
VOTTULU for pa consonant
'# "`
' "`
nka
nkha
nga
ngha
nca
ncha
nja
#~
njha
nta
.
ntha
.
nda
.
ndha
.
nna
.
nta
ntha
nda
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
ndha
pka
pdha
nna
pkha
pna
npa
pga
ppa
npha
pgha
ppha
nba
pca
pba
nbha
pcha
pbha
nma
pja
pma
nya
pjha
pya
nra
pta
.
pra
nla
ptha
.
pla
nla
.
pda
.
pla
.
nva
pdha
.
pva
nsa
pna
.
psa
nsa
.
pta
psa
.
nsa
ptha
psa
nha
pda
pha
VOTTULU for pha consonant
VOTTULU for ba consonant
' "`
'| "`
phka
phdha
bka
bdha
phkha
phna
bkha
bna
phga
phpa
bga
bpa
phgha
phpha
bgha
bpha
phca
phba
bca
bba
phcha
phbha
bcha
bbha
phja
phma
bja
bma
phjha
phya
|~
bjha
bya
phta
.
phra
bta
.
bra
phtha
.
phla
btha
.
bla
phda
.
phla
.
bda
.
bla
.
phdha
.
phva
bdha
.
bva
phna
.
phsa
bna
.
bsa
phta
phsa
.
bta
bsa
.
phtha
phsa
btha
bsa
phda
phha
bda
bha
41
42
VOTTULU for bha consonant
VOTTULU for ma consonant
' "`
'= "`
bhka
bhdha
mka
mdha
bhkha
bhna
mkha
mna
bhga
bhpa
mga
mpa
bhgha
bhpha
mgha
mpha
bhca
bhba
mca
mba
bhcha
bhbha
mcha
mbha
bhja
bhma
mja
mma
bhjha
bhya
mjha
mya
bhta
.
bhra
mta
.
mra
bhtha
.
bhla
mtha
.
mla
bhda
.
bhla
.
mda
.
mla
.
bhdha
.
bhva
mdha
.
mva
bhna
.
bhsa
mna
.
msa
bhta
bhsa
.
mta
msa
.
bhtha
bhsa
mtha
msa
bhda
bhha
mda
mha
VOTTULU for ya consonant
VOTTULU for ra consonant
' "`
'~ "`
yka
ykha
ydha
rka
rdha
yna
rkha
rna
yga
ypa
rga
rpa
ygha
ypha
rgha
rpha
yca
ypba
rca
rba
ycha
ybha
rcha
rbha
yja
yma
rja
rma
yjha
yya
~~
rjha
rya
yta
.
yra
rta
.
rra
ytha
.
yla
rtha
.
rla
yda
.
yla
.
rda
.
rla
.
ydha
.
yva
rdha
.
rva
yna
.
ysa
rna
.
rsa
yta
ysa
.
rta
rsa
.
ytha
ysa
rtha
rsa
yda
yha
rda
rha
43
VOTTULU for la consonant
VOTTULU for la
. consonant
' "`
' "`
lka
ldha
.lka
.ldha
lkha
lna
.lkha
.lna
lga
lpa
.lga
.lpa
lgha
lpha
.lgha
lca
lba
.lca
.lba
lcha
lbha
.lcha
.lbha
lja
lma
.lja
.lma
ljha
lya
.ljha
.lya
lta
.
lra
.lta
.
.lra
ltha
.
lla
.ltha
.
.lla
lda
.
lla
.
.lda
.
.lla
.
ldha
.
lva
.ldha
.
.lva
lna
.
lsa
.lna
.
.lsa
lta
lsa
.
.lta
.lsa
.
ltha
lsa
.ltha
.lsa
lda
lha
.lda
.lha
44
.lpha
VOTTULU for va consonant
VOTTULU for sa
consonant
'= "`
' "`
vka
vdha
ska
sdha
vkha
vna
skha
sna
vga
vpa
sga
spa
vgha
vpha
sgha
spha
vca
vba
sca
sba
vcha
vbha
scha
sbha
vja
vma
sja
sma
=~
vjha
vya
sjha
sya
vta
.
vra
sta
.
sra
vtha
.
vla
stha
.
sla
vda
.
vla
.
sda
.
sla
.
vdha
.
vva
sdha
.
sva
vna
.
vsa
sna
.
ssa
vta
vsa
.
sta
ssa
.
vtha
vsa
stha
ssa
vda
vha
sda
sha
45
VOTTULU for sa consonant
'+ "`
' "`
ska
.
sdha
.
ska
sdha
skha
.
sna
.
skha
sna
sga
.
spa
.
sga
spa
sgha
.
spha
.
sgha
spha
sca
.
sba
.
sca
sba
scha
.
sbha
.
scha
sbha
sja
.
sma
.
sja
sma
sjha
.
sya
.
sjha
sya
.sta
.
sra
.
sta
.
sra
stha
..
sla
.
stha
.
sla
sda
..
sla
..
sda
.
sla
.
sdha
..
sva
.
sdha
.
sva
sna
..
ssa
.
sna
.
ssa
sta
.
ssa
..
sta
ssa
.
stha
.
ssa
.
stha
ssa
sda
.
sha
.
sda
sha
46
VOTTULU for sa
consonant
.
VOTTULU for ha consonant
' "`
hka
hta
.
hdha
hra
hkha
htha
.
hna
hla
hga
hda
.
hpa
hla
.
hgha
hdha
.
hpha
hva
hca
hna
.
hba
hsa
hcha
hta
hbha
hsa
.
hja
htha
hma
hsa
hjha
hda
hya
hha
Q=xH
V,&,}, H, D JH~ "`
Z=Q "_H =
H|\ g\H O|OkOz# k`H~ # W=^ .
NOTE
The vowel- consonant clusters for the Telugu letters viz.,
. ~
n, n, n,
. ksha, r. are not given since they are not
in much usage.
47
Just try for yourself!
Write all the Vowels in Series
J JO
Write all the Consonants in Series
Write Gunintamulu
for ha
.
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`Q |=
Telugu Vocabulary
Telugu Learning Kit

Module 2
The Alpha Foundation

Hyderabad, India
C P Brown Academy
Preface
Language, in a sense, is mans culminating cultural instrument. It is a social

institution. It is an expression of human spirit. Every language has its own set of
vocabulary. And every word has its own sound. Indeed, words are more than sounds
- in the listener. For poets, words are vennelalo- -adukone- andamaina
they emote bhava
adapillalu
beauteous belles playing about under the moonlight.
Words are the accepted vehicles of new things, new ideas, new attitudes, or new
points of view. Every practitioner of a language must acquire a fair understanding of
words. No matter even if it is ones mother-tongue, one can enjoy it more, only if he
or she could see it from the inside looking at the words with a feeling for them. This
becomes feasible only when one knows what the symbol, the sound, the word stands
for.
And that is what this module aims at. It enables you to master the Telugu words
through Roman script all by yourself. This module launches you on the path of
reading and writing Telugu words. It starts with two-lettered words graduating into
multi-lettered words. This module is aimed at helping you learn to read Telugu words
with an artists eye.
It is hoped that by going through the module you would cultivate a better appreciation
for your language. This shall make words look more than mere sounds. Once you
cultivate this art of looking at words from inside, they no longer remain as mere
denotations of emotions. They will rather voice emotions. It is only then that the
language becomes yours. It then simply becomes innate. Talking in Telugu then
becomes a jingling of the beauteous belles.
Once the taste is cultivated for your language the sound and the feelings that the
words emote you are sure to be swayed by a newfound urge to learn more complex
words and start conversation in Telugu all with ease. If this happens, we shall feel
that this initiative of C P Brown Academy has achieved its objective.
Nonetheless, a book, just as a good teacher, can at best, direct, aid and encourage a
learner but it is his or her effort that alone can make learning happen.
We solicit feedback from the readers for making the module more learner-friendly.
GRK Murty
4
3
Transliteration Scheme of Telugu Alphabet
Vowels (JK: Acculu)
.lu
.lu
JO
au
am.
ah.
.ru
ru
.
S
ai
Consonants (
Hallulu)
V V.
kh
gh
ch
jh
&
~
t.
t.h
d.
dh
.
n.
th
dh
ph
bh
l.
n
n
s.
ksh
* Not in common use.
r.
Sachitra Aksharamala
z` JH~ =

Alphabet with Illustrations
a
amma
J=
mother
a
avu
P=
cow
illu
house
5
4D
i
-iga
DQ
fly
u
uduta
L_`
squirrel
u
-uyala
T
cradle
ru
|
4
rusi
. .
|+
sage
6
4Z
e
eluka
ZH
rat
enugu
U#Q
elephant
ai
aidu
S^
five
X
4
onte
.
XO>
camel
7
4F
o
oda
.
F_
ship
au
ausadhamu
.
B+^=
medicine
am
JO
ambaramu
JO|~=
sky
J
4
duhkhamu
.
^Y=
grief
ah
4H
ka
kanki
HOH
spike
kha
khadgamu
.
Y_=
sword
ga
gampa
QO
basket
ghatamu
.
@=
vessel
gha
4.V
n
vanmayamu
.
"V=
literature
ca
cali
Ke
chill
cha
chatramu
K`=
umbrella
ja
jada
.
[_
[
4
plait
10
4~
jha
jhasamu
.
~+=
fish
&
yajnamu
[=
ritual
ta
tapa
.
@
post
tha
~
4
kanthamu
.
HO~=
throat
11
4._
da
dabba
.
_
box
dha
dhanka
.
_OH
drum
n
vina
.
g}
musical instrument
`
4
tala
ta
head
12
4^
tha
rathamu
~^=
chariot
da
danda
.
Ô_
garland
dha
dhanussu
^#
bow
na
natta
#`
4
#
4
snail
13
4
pa
palaka
H
slate
pha
phalamu
=
fruit
ba
bandi
.
|O_
cart
bhatudu
. .
@_
4
bha
soldier
14
4=
ma
manta
.
=O@
flame
ya
yantramu
O`=
machine
ra
ratnamu
~`=
gem
lata
la
creeper
15
4.
la
talamu
.
`=
lock
va
vala
=
net
sa
sankhamu
OY=
conch
+
4
mesamu
.
"+=
goat
16
sa
4
sa
sanci
Oz
bag
ha
hamsa
O
swan
ksh
vrukshamu
.
=$H=
tree
rampamu
.
O=
saw
17
ra
^= iK =
- Introduction to Words
ala
ara
wave
shelf
adavi
.
anasa
J_q
J<
forest
pine apple
arati.
alasata
.
anumati
plantain
tiresome
permission
J~
J@ J#=u
J~\
akulu
a t.a
aru
P@
P~
game
six
leaves
akali
a s a
hunger
desire
- -
akasamu
alayamu
PHe
=
PH
=
4
sky
temple
18
Padamula Paricayamu -
4
ila
inti
earth
lady
isuka
inumu
WH
W#=
sand
iron
ituka
.
itivala
.
ivatala
brick
recently
this side
WOu
W\= W=`
W@H
ita
ikalu
D`
DH
swim
feathers
- i n a d. u
-
i s u d. u
today
God Siva
itacettu
..
- ilapata
.
ite
.
D>
spear
D<_ D_
D`K@ D@
toddy tree
whistling
19
4
ukku
uli
Le
chistle
steel
urumu
ulavalu
L~=
L=
thunder
horsegram
utuku
L`
udayamu
L^=
wash
morning
u- r u
T~
u d. a l u
u t.a
T_
T@
village
spring
upiri
uha
Ti
breath
guess
uragaya
u r a d. i m p u
ariel roots
T~Q T~_O
pickle
consolation
20
4
.rusi.
rukku
.
sage
mantra
.rujuvu
.rutuvu
proof
season
|+
|A= |`=
.rusabhamu
.
.runamu
.
bull
debt
|}=
|+=
emuka
era
eguru
Z~
ZQ~
Z=H
bait
fly
bone
edari
.
erupu
Z_i
Z~
desert
red
egumati
ekaramu
ZQ=u ZH~=
export
acre of land
21
eru
enugu
U~
U#Q
river
elephant
elika
eruta
.
UeH
U~@
ruler
picking up
elakulu
edu
.
etavalu
.
U_
U@" U
seven
slant
aite
- aidu rupayalu
aikyata
S`
SH`
but
unity
cardamom
S^ ~
five rupees
a i s w a r y a m u
S~=
wealth
aihikamu
airavatamu
SH= S~=`=
worldliness
white elephant
22
4
onte
.
odi
.
camel
lap
odugu
okadu
.
XO>
X_
XH_
X^Q
one man
adjust
ontarivadu
.
.
oripidi
.
XH\
XO@i"_ Xi_
one
lonely person
friction
okati.
F@q
defeat
bear
opika
o s. a d h i
FH
o- t.u
opu
F@
vote
F+k
patience
medicine
o d. a r e v u
onamalu
harbour
alphabet
4F_~= F#=
23
o t.a m i
aunu
aura
B#
B~
yes
is it
aucityamu
Bz`=
aptness
audaryamu
autu
.
B^~=
B@
magnanimity
bomb
anta
ancu
andamu
JO`
JO^=
whole
beauty
antamu
ankitamu
JOK
border
JO`= JOH`=
end
dedication
ambujamu
lotus
JO|[=
24
antahsatruvu
.
JO``=
internal enemy
antahkaranamu
.
.
JO`H~}=
inner activity
antahkonamu
. .
antahpuramu
.
JO`H}=
JO`~=
inner angle
inner chamber
kanda
kalamu
HO^
H=
yam
pen
kadali
.
k a d. u p u
sea
stomach
kanakamu
kavalalu
H
#
H
=
4
gold
H_=
pot
H_
H=
twins
H_e
k a d. a v a
25
kharidu
kharamu
Y~=
Ys^
ass
price
khagamu
kharjuramu
YQ=
Y~~=
bird
date
khani
khanijamu
Yx
Yx[=
mine
gadi
mineral
gada
g a d. a p a
Q_
Q^
room
threshold
club
garika
gajamu
QiH
Q[=
grass
elephant
g a r a.l a m u
gaganamu
Qk
Q~=
QQ#=
poison
sky
26
ghatana
.
ghanamu
@#
#=
incident
solid
ghallumanu
=#
ringing
- -
gharsanamu
. .
ghantaravam
.
ghatikudu
. .
sound of the bell
capable person friction
O\~=O \_ ~}=
.
v a- n m a y i
"V~
.
v a- n m a y a m u
Goddess
"V=
Saraswati
literature
-.
v a n m a y a k a r u d. u
"VH~_
litterateur
27
4
cali
caku
Ke
chill
pen knife
candanamu
caduvu
KO^#= K^=
sandalwood
read
cakramu
campakamu
cakoramu
KH=
KOH= KH~=
wheel
flower
chandassu
chaya
chatrapati
KO^ Kù
prosody
square
sivaji
shadow
chalokti
KH
repartee
chatrakamu
mushroom
K`H=
28
jama
jalamu
*=
[=
guava
water
jayamu
[=
triumph
jata
[`
jagadamu
.
jananamu
quarrel
birth
[Q_= [##=
pair
jhankaramu
jhamu
~OH~=
jhasamu
.
~=
~+=
time
fish
jharamu
jhanjha
humming
~~= ~O~
mountain
stream
storm
4
29
sanjna
O[
symbol
~jnanam
*#=
knowledge
- ~
ajna
~vijnapana
P[
q*#
command
request
tapa
.
- tapakayalu
.
takku
.
post
@H
trick
crackers
takkari
.
@Hi
cunning fellow
tankasala
.
mint
@OH
30
thivi
.
- thana
. .
~}
sq
police station
style
mithayi
.
pathasala
.
q~~ ~
sweet
pathamu
.
school
kanthamu
.
~=
HO~=
lesson
throat
dabbu
.
dalu
.
damarukamu
.
_=~H=
cash
shield
small drum
_|
dambamu
.
_O|=
boasting
dazanu
.
12 pieces
_[#
31
dhi
.
_
clash
dhanka
.
_OH
big drum
dhalamu
.
dhammanu
.
shield
blast
_=#
_=
dharani
.
^~}
earth
venuvu
.
karuna
.
H~}
"}=
compassion
flute
kalyanamu
.
H}=
marriage
abharanamu
.
ornament
P~}=
32
tadu
.
tata
`_
``
rope
grand father
taruvu
tanaya
`~=
`#
tree
daughter
talupu
taragati
tarangamu
`~Qu `~OQ=
door
class
wave
atithi
pathamu
katha
Juk
^=
H^
guest
way
story
rathamu
sapathamu
~^=
^=
charriot
vow
mathanamu
churning
=^#=
33
dari
^_
î
fence
way
danda
.
danamu
Ô_
^#=
garland
donation
dandanamu
.
dantamu
Ô`=
Ô_#=
tooth
punishment
dhanuvu
dhara
^#=
^~
price
bow
stream
dhamani
dhanamu
^=x
^#=
vein
money
dhavalamu
.
dhagadhaga
dhara
^~
dadi
.
^== ^Q^Q
white
glittering
34
nati.
nagalu
#\
#Q
actress
jewelry
nadaka
.
naduma
.
#_H
#_=
walk
middle
nadavadi
.
.
nadireyi
.
<i
#_=_
#_~~
woman
conduct
midnight
nari
pani
padava
.
padaka
.
_H
_=
work
bed
boat
palaka
pagalu
slate
day
pagadamu
.
coral
Q_=
35
phalitamu
.
phalakamu
.
result
plate
phalgunudu
.
. .
-sitaphalamu
.
arjuna
custard apple
e `= H=
}_ ` =
phani
. .
phalaharamu
.
~=
snake
tiffin
badi
.
basa
banti
|_
|Ou
school
accomodation
ball
balamu
bakamu
|=
|H=
strength
crane
bandi
.
balapamu
|O_
|=
cart
slate pencil
36
bhakti
bhala
.
H
devotion
well done
bhayamu
=
fear
bhavanamu
bharincu
=#=
iOK OQ@
building
bear
bhangapatu
.
insult
mara
mandu
mancamu
=~
=O^
=OK=
screw
medicine
cot
manisi
.
manavi
=x+
=#q
man
appeal
makutamu
.
mayuramu
=@= =~=
peacock
crown
37
4
yati
yamini
qx
sage
night
yamuna
yatnamu
=# `=
river Yamuna
effort
yajamani
yagamu
yantramu
Q=
O`= [=x
ritual
machine
master
raju
~q
rani
.
~}
~A
sun
queen
king
ranamu
.
rasamu
battle
juice
ravi
~}= ~=
rahadari
high way
~î
38
lavangamu
=OQ=
clove
lac
fatty
lalana
lancamu
OK=
woman
bribe
lavanamu
.
langaru
salt
anchor
=}= OQ~
galamu
.
"
Q=
time
throat
plates
kalalu
.
nalamu
.
fine arts
tube
talapucevi
.
saralamu
.
key
simple
pallemulu
..
<=
`Kq ~=
lavu
vela
.
lakka
39
vana
vanamu
"#
=#=
rain
forest
vajramu
vankaya
=[=
=OH
diamond
brinjal
vari
vasantamu
=i
vantakamu
.
=O`= =O@H=
paddy
spring
dish
sani
saramu

sasi
~=
saturn
arrow
moon
sakamu
sariramu
H=
s~=
era
body
satakamu
hundred verses
`H=
40
4
sasti
. ..
satkamu
. .
sixty
six folded
+@=
++
sanmukhudu
. .
.
+}Y_
six faced lord
satpadamu
. .
+_[=
saddakudu
.
. ..
+__ +@^=
hexagon
co-brother
insect
sadbhujamu
. .
sabha
sari
sagamu
Q=
court
equal
half
santa
samaramu
O`
=~=
market
war
sahajamu
samajamu
[= =[=
natural
society
41
hani
hamsa
harm
swan
harini
.
hasyamu
i}
deer
humour
halamu
haritamu
i`=
plough
green
kshama
H=
kshanamu
.
H}=
patience
moment
kshayamu
H=
decrease
bhikshagadu
.
H`=
aHQ_
wound
beggar
42
kshatamu
eruka
.
ceraku
.
ZH
knowledge
sugarcane
ceruvu
.
K=
pond
errarayi
..
marricettu
.. ..
=]K@
Z]~~
banyan tree
red stone
gorrepalu
..
Q]
ewe milk
gurramu
..
OH`
Q]=
torture
horse
rampapukota
.
43
Kathina
Padamulu .
Hi# ^= - Difficult Words
indradhanussu
WO^^#
adhyayanamu
adhyakshudu
.
J^#=
J^_
study
president
agraganyudu
. .
anvesana
. .
JQQ}_
J<+}
topper
search
rainbow
arohanamu
.
Pk`_
P~}=
sun
ascent
- - asirvadamu
adhyatmikamu
Pj~^=
PûH=
blessing
spirituality
ilavelupu
istaistamulu
.. ..
W"
W~+=
family god
likes and dislikes
indradhanussu
ihalokamu
WO^^#
WH=
rainbow
material world
44
- -
adityudu
.
-irsya
D~
jealousy
-isanyamu
-
D#=
northeast
Iswarudu
D~._
Lord Siva
-itakolanu
D~_
D` H#
Lord Siva
swimming pool
utkantha
.
utpatti
LÒ~
Lù
suspense
production
udyanavanamu
udbhavincu
L^#=#=
L^qOK
park
araise
udarangu
urdhvalokamu
T^~OQ
T~H=
violet colour
upper world
45
-Iswarudu
4
-
.runagrastudu
.
.
.rusyasramamu
.
|}Q_
|==
debtor
hermitage
.rusabhadhvajudu
.
.
|+Â_
Lord Siva
endrakaya
.
ZO_H
crab
-.
egatali
ZxH
ZQò
elections
ridicule
edurkonu
endrakaya
.
Z^~#
ZO_H
face
crab
-elika
- ekantamu
UeH
UHO`=
ruler
solitary
- ekagrata
ekibhavincu
UHQ`
UHqOK
concentration
agree
--
46
ennikalu
aikyamu
aikamatyamu
SH=
SH=`=
union
unity
aiswaryamu
S~=
oddanamu
.. .
wealth
X_}=
waist ornament
ottu
..
oppandamu
X@
XO^=
vow
agreement
oppukolu
oddanamu
.. .
XCH
X_}=
willingness
waist ornament
orpu
-ojassu
F~
F[
patience
splendour
- -
ondrapettu
. ..
F_
FO_@
sport in water
bray
47
olaladu
.
4
aucityamu
Bz`=
suitability
outsukamu
B`H=
angulikamu
.
anxiety
JOQmH=
ring
angusthamu
..
angarakshakudu
.
JOQ+=
JOQ~H_
thumb
bodyguard
andhakaramu
JOQmH=
JO^H~=
ring
darkness
antahprakruti
. .
manahpurvakamu
.
JO`H$u
=#~H=
inner nature
whole-heartedness
usahkalamu
. .
L+H=
dawn
48
angulikamu
.
kayyamu
karkasamu
H=
H~=
quarrel
cruelity
kanuguddu
..
kathinamu
.
H#Q_
Hi#=
eye ball
hard
Ganeswarudu
.
.
Q}~_
Lord Ganapati
.
khayamu
Y_
M=
bad man
certain
khinnamu
mukhadvaramu
d#=
=Y^~=
grief
portal
garvamu
gardabhamu
Q~=
Q~=
pride
ass
guptanidhi
Ganeswarudu
.
.
Qxk
Q}~_
hidden treasure
Lord Ganapati
.
49
khaludu
.
Caturmukhudu
.
ghranamu
.
ghoramu
}=
~=
smell
awful
ghrutamu
.
ghinkarincu
$`=
OHiOK
ghee
trumpet
K`~Y_
Lord Brahma
vanmayakarudu
.
"VH~_
litterateur
Caturmukhudu
.
carmakarudu
.
K`~Y_
K~H~_
Lord Brahma
cobler
curnamu
.
camatkaramu
K~=
K=`~=
powder
repartee
chinnabhinnamu
K^=
z<a#=
cutting
helter-skelter
50
chedamu
jirnamu
.
janmabhumi
r~=
[#q
digestion
native place
- jivanopadhi
- jivasastramu
r=<k
r=G=
livelihood
biology
- - ~
maharajni
=~l
queen
jhasaketanudu
.
.
jhanjhamarutamu
~+H`#_
~O~=~`=
cupid
stormy wind
pratijna
prajnudu
.
u[
A_
vow
learned man
-maharajni
manojnamu
=~l
=<[=
queen
delight
51
.tenkaya
takkari
.
>OH
@Hi
coconut
cunning
damarukamu
.
.tippusultan
.tippani.
\C<
\}
tippusultan
commentary
_=~H=
drum
kathinamu
.
~#=
Hi#=
read
hard
pratistha
..
- kagitamu
thavu
.
u+
~= Hy`=
reputation
sheet of paper
dokku
.
dolla
.
useless
hallow
damarukamu
.
-dolayamanamu
.
_=~H=
_=#=
drum
wavering
52
pathanamu
.
- -
gadhanidra
.
asadhamu
.
Q_x^
P_=
sound sleep
name of a month
nigudhamu
.
drudhatvamu
.
xQ_=
^$_`=
hidden
sturdiness
gadhanidra
.
Q_x^
sound sleep
rakshana
.
grahanamu
.
~H}
Q}=
defence
eclipse
kshanamu
.
"}[=
H}=
commerce
moment
tiraskaramu
tirthayatra
u~~=
f~`
rejection
pilgrimage
tappidamu
tatvamu
`^=
``=
mistake
philosophy
53
vanijyamu
.
Tathagatudu
.
sithilamaina
Tathagatudu
.
tk"#
`^Q`_
dilapidated
Lord Buddha
-tarapathamu
-
yathatathamu
`~^=
^`^=
zodiac
as it is
`^Q`_
Lord Buddha
digbandhamu
^`$`=
kQO^=
generosity
beleaguering
dirghayuvu
duradrustamu
. ..
n~=
^~^$+=
long life
misfortune
dhanyamu
dharmasatramu
^#=
^~`=
grain
choultry
dhyanamu
dhvanyanukaranamu
.
^#=
^##H~}=
meditation
mimicry
54
datrutvamu
.
4
-
nirodhincu
natyamu
.
x~kOK
<@=
obstruct
dance
namaskaramu
nirnayamu
.
#=~=
x~=
salutation
decision
natyamu
.
<@=
dance
pariskaramu
.
~=`
i~=
Supreme Spirit
settlement
parthasarathi
- pascattapamu
~~k
`=
Lord Krishna
repentance
phanisayi
.
- phalanetramu
}~
<`=
Lord Visnu
.
the eye on forehead
praphullamu
phalitamu
e`=
blossom
result
55
paramatma
buddhimantudu
.
bauddhamatamu
|k=O`_ ^=`=
wise person
buddhism
brahmanandamu
bahiskaramu
.
|#O^= |~=
ecstasy
matsyamu
expulsion
=` =
fish
bhallukamu
bhaskarudu
.
H=
~_
bear
Sun
- - -
bhagyavantudu
.
O_Q~=
Q=O`_
treasury
rich man
matsyamu
mastiskamu
.
=`=
=+=
fish
brain
mahendrudu
.
madhyahnamu
=O^_
=^=
Lord Indra
midday
56
bhandagaramu
.
yauvanamu
yogyata
=#=
Q`
youth
eligibility
yathakramamu
yajurvedamu
^H==
A~^-=-
rajagruhamu
.
one of the vedas ~[Q
$=
as usual
palace
radduceyu
~Q`
~^K
illness
cancel
radheyudu
.
- -
rajagruhamu
.
~^_
~[Q$=
Karna
.
palace
- lokokti
lakshyapettu
..
HH
H@
proverb
care
lakshmipati
vilakshanamu
.
H;u
qH}=
Lord Visnu
..
elegant feature
57
rugmata
sirassu
gollemu
..
kallemu
..
Q=
H=
bolt
rein
parimalamu
.
- kalaratri
.
i==
H~u
fragrance
nightmare
t~
head
vastavamu
vijrumbhincu
.
"==
q[$OaOK
truth
enrage
vajrayudhamu
"~H=
=*^=
old age
indras weapon
satruvu
sirassu
`=
t~
enemy
head
suddhamu
saradrutuvu
.
^=
~^$`=
purity
autumn
58
vardhakyamu
4.
puspamu
Visnuvu
..
+=
q+=
flower
Lord Visnu
..
puskalamu
.
puskarini
. .
+=
+i}
plenty
pond
puspamu
.
+=
flower
sangramamu
O=
OQ==
society
war
satkarincu
sankalpamu
ìOK
OH=
honour
determination
harsamu
.
hrdayamu
.
~=
$^=
joy
heart
himasailamu
hiranyamu
.
==
~}=
Himalayan
mountain
gold
59
sanghamu
kshetramu
kshiramu
H`=
H~=
field
milk
kshemamu
H==
safe
marricettu
.. ..
=]K@
banyan tree
verrivadu
.. .
|]g
"]"_
broad moustaches
mad man
tiyyani ceruku
.
karrasamu
..
ux K
H]=
sweet sugarcane
martial art with stick
erra
.. samudram
marricettu
.. ..
Z] =Ô
=]K@
red sea
banyan tree
-.. jerri
kalla
..
jadala
. barre
..
H *]
[_ |]
centeped
yak
60
--
burramisalu
..
H=#= -Time Scale
udayamu
L^= :
k s h a n. a k a- l a m u
H}H= : second
morning
ardharatri
J~~u :
n i m u s. a m u
pagalu
x=+= : minute
g a n t.a
QO@ : hour
dinamu
Q :
k#= :
day time
day
"~= :
early morning
morning
m a d h y a- h n a m u
=^= : midday
< :
s a- y a m k a- l a m u
ayanamu
OH= :
nela
month
J#= :
evening
ratri
~u :
week
pakshamu
H= : fortnight
udayamu
L^= :
midnight
v -a r a m u
v e- k u v a j h -a m u
"=*= :
six month-period
samvatsaramu
O=`~= : year
night
p u s. k a r a m u
+~= :
61
12 year-period
Kalamanamu
-
Yugamulu (4) - Q= (4)
- Eras (4)
- H$` Q= : 17 H 28 "
krtayugamu
.
17 lakhs 28 thousand year - period of time
--
- ``Q= : 12 H 96 "
tretayugamu
dwaparayugamu
- ^~Q= : 8 H 64 "

kaliyugamu
- HeQ= : 4 H 32 "
Rutuvulu
.
|`= (6) : Seasons (6)
varsarutuvu
.
=~ |`= : rainy season
saradrutuvu
.
vasantarutuvu
.
: spring
~^$`=
4=~ .|`. =
of winter
hemantarutuvu
.
grismarutuvu
. .
w+ |`=
: begining
: summer
=O` |`= : winter

.
sisirarutuvu
varsarutuvu
: rainy
season
tt~ |`=
62
: autumn
=O` |`=
Names of the Telugu Years
= : p r a b h a v a
q= : v i b h a v a
H
: su k l a
"^` : p r a m o- d u- t a
*ù : prajotpatti
- POw~ : angirasa
N=Y : s r-i m u k h a
=
: b h a- v a
= : y u v a
^`
: d h a- t u
D~ : -i sw a r a
|^# : bahudhanya
=k : p r a m a- d i
qH= : v i k r a m a
=$+
: v .r s. a
z`# : citrabhanu
# : s w a b h a- n u
`~} : t a- r a n. a
i= : parthiva
= : v y a y a
~l` : sarvajittu
~î : sarvadhari
q~k : virodhi
qH$u : vikrti
.
Y~
: khara
#O^# : n a n d a n a
q[ : vijaya
[
: jaya
=#^ : manmatha
^~d : d u r m u k h i
=Oa : hevalambi
.
qOa : vilambi
.
qHi : vikari
~i : sarvari
=
: plava
H$` : subhakrtu
.
H$` : sobhakrtu
.
Hk
: krodhi
q= : viswavasu
63
`Q O=`~= ~
~= : parabhava
=OQ : p l a v a n g a
HH
: kilaka
= : s a u m y a
^~} : s a- d h a- r a n. a
q~^H$` : virodhakrtu
.
- s^q : paridhavi
=nK : p r a m a- d-i c a
P#O^ : a- n a n d a
~H : r a- k s h a s a
#
: nala
OQ : pingala
.
HH : kalayukti
.
î : siddharthi
~k
: raudri
^~u : durmati
Ôâ : d u n d u b h i
- ~k~î : rudhirodgari
~HH : raktakshi
H^# : k r o- d h a n a
JH : a k s h a y a
Telugu samvastaramula perlu -
Pakshamulu: 2 -
H= : 2 - Fortnights: 2
Suklapakshamu:
H H=: (from 1st day to fullmoon day)
Suklapaksha
Tithulu: 15 - HH u^: 15
suddha
padyami
.
^ _q
suddha
astami
..
: 1st
^ J+q
day after
full moonday
^ #=q
: 2nd
^ ^q
: 3rd
suddha
day
suddha
caviti
^ Kqu
suddha
day
suddha
pancami
^ OKq
: 5th
suddha
.sasthi
..
^ ++
: 6th
: 7th
day
suddha
day
: 10th
day
: 11th
day
: 12th
day
: 13th
day
-
dwadasi
^ ^^t
-
trayodasi
^ ` ^t
day
suddha
caturdasi
day
^ K`~t
p a u r n. a m i
~q
suddha
saptami
4^ q
-ekadasi
-
^ UH^t
: 4th
: 9th
suddha
dasami
day
suddha
tadiya
^ `k
day
suddha
navami
suddha
vidiya
^ qk
: 8th
: 14th
: fullmoon
day
64
day
H$+H=: (from 1st day to newmoon

Krishnapaksha
Tithulu: 15 - H$+H u^ : 15
.. .
Krishnapakshamu
bahula
. padyami
.
day)
bahula
. astami
..
| J+q : 8th day

bahula
. navami
| #=q : 9th day
bahula
. dasami
| ^q : 10th day
-
bahula
. -ekadasi
| UH^t : 11th day
bahula
. dwadasi
| ^^t : 12th day
-
bahula
. trayodasi
| ` ^t : 13th day
bahula
. caturdasi
| K` ~t : 14th day
| _q : 1st
day after
newmoon day
bahula
. vidiya
| qk : 2nd day
bahula
. tadiya
| `k : 3rd day
bahula
. caviti
| Kqu
: 4th day
bahula
. pancami
| OKq : 5th day
bahula
. .sasthi
..
| ++
: 6th day
bahula
. saptami
| q : 7th day
a m a- v a- s y a
J="
: newmoon
day
65
4 .. .
Telugu Nelalu
English Nelalu
`Q <
WOw+ <
English Months
Telugu Months
K`=
janavari
caitramu
[#=i
:
vaisakhamu
*+=
jyestamu
=i
P_=
: - asadhamu
. .
: sravanamu
.
=}=
^^=
"Y=
: january
phibravari
|=i
: february
m a- r c i
..
: march
epril
: april
may
"
bhadrapadamu
: may
june
J[= : a- sw a y u j a m u
E<
: june
july
- : kartikamu
=~t~=
-
: margasiramu
+=
==
: maghamu
}=
E
a g a s..t u
PQ+
s e p t.e m b a r u
O|~
octobaru
.
JH|~
pusyamu
.
: july
: august
: september
: october
navambaru
phalgunamu
.
#=O|~
: november
disembaru
_O|~
66
: december
HsH=
- Rasulu
Signs of Zodiac
4 "~= -
~ -
Varamulu Week Days
12
11
10
4
5
1 . m e- s. a m u
2.
a d i v a- r a m u
4.
monday
gemini
cancer
leo
virgo
libra
scorpio
sagittarius
capricorn
-O=
aquarius
g#=
pisces
7 . tula
wednesday
8.
`
vrscikamu
.
=$tH=
9 . dhanussu
thursday
^#
10. makaramu
=H~=
friday
11. kumbhamu
sa n i v -a r a m u
4x"~=
taurus
H#
su k r a v a r a m u
H"~=
aries
6. kanya
tuesday
g u r u v a- r a m u
Q~"~=
q^#=
:
k a r k a.t a k a m u
H~@H= :
O=
b u d h a v -a r a m u
|^"~=
"+=
:
v..
rsabhamu
=$+=
:
5. simhamu
m a n g a l a v a- r a m u
.
=OQ"~=
3 . mithunamu
sunday
s o m a v a- r a m u
="~=
12. minamu
saturday
67
Pk"~=
- Dikkulu
8 k - 8 Directions
`~
PQ=
D#=
L`~
^H}=
"==
<~u
_=~
`~
p a d. a m a r a
_=~
PQ=
east
southeast
southwest
northwest
northeast
nairuti
west
<~u
v a- y a v y a m u
uttaramu
north
"==
- isanyamu
south
D#=
Rangulu nalupu
~OQ - Colours
-
cilakakupacca
: black
zHK
b u- d. i d a
|_^
telupu
: white
gulabi
erupu
Z~
: red
: yellow
Qa
k a- s. a y a m
HO
: blue
T^
: green
<iO[
pasupu
u- d -a
nilamu
h=
akupacca
PK
narinja
68
: parrot
green
: ash
: pink
: saffron
: violet
L`~=
:
d a k s h i n. a m u
^H}=
:
agneyamu
turpu
: orange
Nakshatramulu 27-
#H`= 27
- Lunar Stars 27
a sw a n i
Jx
makha
=Y
mula
b h a .r a n i
~}
pubba
p u r v a .s a d. h a -
krittika
.
H$uH
uttara
L`~
rohini
.
~}
hasta
mrgasira
.
=$Qt~
citta
P~^
swati
punarvasu -
#~
v i sa k h a
p u s. y a m i
+q
P+
arudra
a- sl -e .s a
- - -
~_
uttarasadha
.
- -
L`~_
sr a v a n a m
=}O
z`
dhanistha
..
^x+
sa t a b h i.s a m u -
à+=
qY
p u- r v -a b h -a d r a -
~^
anuradha -
J#~^
uttarabhadra
-
L`~^
jyestha
..
*+
revati
~=u
--
69
H_
:
Ju
:
~Â_ :
k a sy a p u d. u
qq`_ :
atri
Q`=_ :
b h a r a d w a- j u d. u
[=^y
:
. .
=+_
: vasisthudu
Navagrahamulu -
S u- r y u d. u
C a n d r u d. u
A n g a- r a k u d. u
B u d h u d. u
Brhaspati
.
Sukrudu
|
+ - The seven .rusis
.
Sa n a i sc a r u d. u
R a- h u v u
K e- t u v u
viswamitrudu
.
g a u t a m u d. u
j a m a d. a g n i
#=Q =: Names of 9 planets
~_
KO^_
JOQ~_
|^_
|$u
_
<~_
~=
H`=
70
Sun
Moon
Mars
Mercury
Jupiter
Venus
Saturn
Dragons head
Dragons tail
Saptarusulu
. . -
Navaratnamulu
- #=~`= - The nine gems
vajramu
v a i d. -u r y a m u
g o- m e- d h i k a m u
p u s. y a r -a g a m u
marakatamu
m a-n. i k y a m u
nilamu
p a g a d. a m u
mutyamu
Navadhanyamulu
=[=
"_ ~=
Q"kH=
+~Q=
=~H`=
=}H=
h=
Q_=
=`=
diamond
cats eye
zirconium
topaz
emerald
ruby
sapphire
coral
pearl
- #=^#= - The nine varieties of grains
godhumalu
- Q^ = - wheat
=_ - paddy
anumulu - J#= - rajmagram
ulavalu - L= - horsegram
kandulu - H O ^ - redgram
pesalu - - greengram
- # Q - bengalgram
minumulu - q#= - blackgram sanagalu
nuvvulu - #= - gingili
vadlu
. -
71
- Manobhavamulu
-
=<== - Faculties of the mind
a- n a n d a m u
P#O^=
d u h. k h a m u
^Y=
a s -u y a
J
d v e s. a m u
^+=
a n u m -a n a m u
J#=#=
k o- p a m u
H=
a- sa
maunamu
: pleasure
=#=
e- v a g i m p u
: sorrow
U=yO
: silence
: vexation
asahyamu
: jealousy
J=
ahamkaramu
: hatred
JOH~=
polika
: suspicion
eH
sphurti
: anger
i
u t s -a h a m u
: ambition
L`=
daya
: kindness
72
: unbearable
: ego
: comparison
: inspiration
: spirit
s~=== - Parts of the body
sariramu
s~=
n a d. u m u
body
head
face
#_=
b o d. d. u
_
g u n .d e
QO_
tala
`
mukhamu
=Y=
eye
nose
mouth
n o- r u
<~
m e d. a
"_
4<H
heart
hand
stomach
thigh
back
leg
foot
finger
nail
ear
k a- l u
neck
throat
v e- l u
chest
"
g o- r u
tongue
Q~
p a- d a m u
^=
rommu
~=
gontu
QO`
navel point
vipu
cevi
Kq
K~
k a d. u p u
H_
t o d. a
`_
mukku
waist
ceyyi
kannu
H#
n a- l u k a
73
--
Sariravayavamulu
-
|O^ `= - Relationships
amma
vadina
J=
-
: mother
<#
: father
=k#
- todikodalu
. .
`_H_
k o d. u k u
H-_
k o d. a l u
H_
nanna
ammamma
J==
-
: grand
mother
``-
: grand
father
"-#==
: meternal
"-#`-
: aunt
: uncle
tata
m e n a m a- m a
=ik
=#=_ manumaralu
=#=~
m e- n a k o- d.a l u
"#H_
.s a d. d. a k u d. u
+__
m e- n a l l u d. u
"#_ -
: aunt
(mothers
younger sister)
: uncle
(fathers
elder brother)
peddamma
^=
: aunt
(mothers
elder sister)
q~
JH-
: elder
: brother-in-law
sister
bava
viyyankudu
.
qO_
anna
J#
: son
: daughter-in-law
: brother-in-law
: sister-in-law
: grandson
: grand
daughter
: niece
: co-brother
: nephew
viyyapuralu
akka
=~^
m a n u m a d. u
pinni
^<#
: co-sister
maradalu
(fathers sister)
babayi
p e d d a n -a n n a
: sister-in-law
maridi
uncle
menatta
: brother
74
: sons
or daughters
mother-in-law
: sons
or
daughters
father-in-law
Bandhutvamulu -
Vruttulu
.
b o- y a
raitu
~`
: farmer
kummari
=i
: potter
H=i
: black
- kulivadu
.
e"_
gollavadu
.
Q"_
- s a l e v a d. u
"_
: hired
vadrangi
.
=_Oy
: carpenter
smith
HOe
: goldsmith
v a i d y u d. u
worker
: milkman
"^_
-pujari
: doctor
*i
: priest
naukaru
ganugavadu
: weaver
<H~
Q#Q"_
: oilpresser
Hi_
: barber
KHe
k a- r m i k u d u
cakali
mangali
: servant
: labourer
: washerman
rangulu
.
~OQ ""_ : painter
: accountant
- - vesevadu
: hunter
k a m s a- l i
kammari
=OQe
k a r a .n a m u
H~}=
=$`
- Professions
75
b e n d. a k -a y a
aratikaya
.
J~\H
: plantain
b a n g a.l a d u m p a
|OQÔ
: potato
O_H
d o n d. a k -a y a
Ô_H
P ~
ulligadda
..
LeQ_
=OH
-.t o m a .t o
\=\
aku kuralu
kakarakaya
HH~H
g u m m a d. i k a y a
Q=_H
potlakaya
.
@H
gorucikkudu
.
Q~z_
cikkudukaya
.
z_H
4^H
d o- s a k -a y a
~Q - Vegetables
v a n k -a y a
: greens
: onion
: ladys
finger
: gherkins
: brinjal
c a- m a g a d d a
: tomato
..
: bitter
K=Q_
gourd
m u n a g a k -a y a
: pumpkin
=#QH
: colocacia
: drumstrick
mullangi
: snake
: local
gourd
=Oy
: radish
k a n d a g a d. d. a
beans
HO^Q_
- birakaya
: elephant foot (yam)
: beans
c~H
: ridge
gourd
: cucumber
P#H
: bottle
gourd
a- n a p a k a- y a
76
Kuragayalu
-
d a- n i m m a
arati.
J~\
d r a- k s h a
^H
m a- m i d. i
=q_
j -a m a
*=
-neredu
.
<~_
s a p o- t.a\
: banana
^x=
: grapes
"Q
: mango
Y~~=
kharjuramu
~
p u c c a k -a y a
4KH
: wood
apple
: date
panasa
: guava
: cherry
~yO_
: sapota
J<
-sitaphalamu
: pineapple
: orange
`=
: custard
: papaya
r e- g i p a n d u
: water
: jackfruit
a n a- s a
apil
melon
: pear
apple
: apple
b o p p a- y i
: pomegranate
velaga
kamala
H=
Pandlu
. - O_ - Fruits
77
- - - Flowers
Pulu
Vrukshamulu
- =$H=
- Trees
.
m a l l e p-u v u
~qK@
- badamcettu
ÔK@
kanugacettu
..
H#QK@
marricettu
.. ..
=]K@
vepacettu
..
"K@
cintacettu
..
zO`K@
t u m m a c e ..
ttu
`=K@
araticettu
. ..
J~\K@
jamacettu
..
*=K@
mamidicettu
. ..
=q_K@
- - ..
asokacettu
JHK@
: fig
tree
==
t -a m a r a p-u v u
: almond
: Indian
tree
`=~=
k a l u v a p -u v u
bunch tree
: banyan
H==
c a- m a n t i
tree
K=Ou
: neem
gulabi
tree
Qa
: tamarind
bantipulu
tree
|Ou
: babool
m o g a l i p -u v u
tree
"Qe=
: banana
: guava
tree
: jasmine
: lotus
: water
lily
: chrysanthemum
: rose
: marigold
: pandarus
davanam
^=#O
tree
: motherwort
maruvam
: mango
: asoka
=~=O
tree
: cowhage
ravicettu
..
tree
78
Pakshulu -
- Birds
Jantuvulu - [O`= - Animals
kukka
H
nakka
pavuramu
#H
: pigeon
pilli
k a- k i
HH
koyila
H~
: owl
: crow
bird
: sparrow
gradda
Q^
: eagle
b a- t u
4O
`
Q^
: buffalo
"H
g o ..
rre
Q]
g a- d. i d a
Q_^
: goat
U#Q
: elephant
: sheep
: donkey
puli
: bat
nemali
<=e
: cow
e- n u g u
gabbilamu
Qa=
P=
m e- k a
piccuka
KH
: cat
g e- d e
: crane
: cuckoo
a- v u
konga
HOQ
: fox
: tiger
simhamu
: peacock
O=
: lion
Hu
: monkey
koti
: duck
hamsa
jinka
: swan
lOH
79
: deer
=~=
g u d. l a g -u b a
Q_Q|
: dog
=O@ WO\ =# Household Material4
cemca--
K O K - spoon
pogagottamu
.. - Q Q @ = - chimney
cipuru - p ~ - broom
pallemu
.. - = - plate
kulayi
. - ~ - tap
- - ~H e - pounder
rokali
- - * - flagon
kuja- - karra - s H] - rolling pin
purila
..
kavvamu - H = = - churner
balla - | - table
cettabutta
.. - K`|@ - dustbin
~ - hearth
garita. - Q i @ - ladle
jalleda. - [_ - sieve
- - @ H~ - tongs
patakaru
.
turumu - `~= - grate
mukudu
. - =_ - bowl
- - ` - vessel
patra
aggipette
.. - Jy > - match box
- - ~ - mortar
rolu
-- = KOK - fork
mullacemca
..
- - *_ - jar
jadi
.
poyyi -
Lohamulu -
b a n g a r a m u |OQ~=
v e n d. i
ittadi
.
r a- g i
"O_
W`_
~y
:
:
:
:
= - Metals
gold
ukku
silver
inumu
brass
tagaramu
copper
sisamu
80
L
W#=
`Q~=
=
:
:
:
:
steel
iron
tin
- Vanta
. Inti. samanulu -
lead
H~} =# - Provisions
miriyalu
pasupu
: turmeric
q~H
: chilli
m i r a p a k -a y a
qi
cintapandu
.
zOÒ_
: coriander
LC
H~=
-jlakarra
: mustard
rH~
: cummin
a- v a- l u
P"
g a s a g a s a- l u
QQ
k a- r a m u
: poppy
seeds
p a n c a d a- r a
OK^~
plant seeds
lavangalu
=OQ
elakulu
: salt
: mirchi
powder
: jaggery
: sugar
kandipappu
HOkC
: assafoetida
: redgram
minapapappu
mentulu
"O`
: tamarind
bellam
inguva
WOQ=
: pepper
uppu
dhaniyalu
^x
q#C
: fenugreek
: blackgram
sa n a g a p a p p u
#QC
: cloves
pesarapappu
~C
: cardomum
81
: bengalgram
- - -Samanulu
Kirana
.
: greengram
P~}= Ornaments
talabilla
..
ungaramu
LOQ~=
:
k a n k a n. a m u
HOH}=
:
à
headlocket
medal
earstuds
brooch
Kq^^
kiritamu
.
Hs@=
crown
nose-ring
=OH
armlet
necklace
anklets
ring
patakamu
`H=
bracelet
ceviduddu
golusu
Q
:
pamita. pinnu
q@ # :
chain
vanki
mukkera
=H~
h a- r a m u
cevikammalu
KqH=
tops
hair clip
~=
pattilu
..
\
pinnu
#
pakkapinnu
H #
m u k k u p u d. a k a
gajulu
QA
4#Q
side pin
bangle
jewelry
=_H :
-lolakulu
:
o d. d. a n. a m u
X_}=
:
nagalu
82
nosestud
hangings
Abharanamulu
.
waist ornament
- Inti
. Bhagalu -
4 H` -
Kolatalu Measures
WO\ Q Parts of the House
talupulu
v e d. a l p u
: width
: length
" ^~=
kitikilu
.
H\H
-
pravesa
ettu
Z`
potti
..
\
: height
Qk
varanda
: short
=~O_
: big
J~
g a d. a p a
Q_
: small
baruvu
|~=
g u n d. r a m u
QO_=
- almara
cinna
z#
: entrance
: windows
gadi
pedda
: doors
dvaramu
: room
: verandah
: almirah
: threshold
paikappu
: heavy
HC
g a v -a k s h a m u
Q"H=
mettlu
..
"@
: round
4
83
: roof
: ventilator
: steps
"_
p o d. a v u
_=
telugu talli
ma telugu talliki malle pudanda

.
ma kanna talliki mangalaratulu
.
84
Transliteration Scheme of Telugu Alphabet

Vowels (: Acculu)
.ru
.lu
.lu
ru
.
ai
u
e
o
o
au
am
.
Consonants (: Hallulu)
ah.
kh
ch
jh
d.
dh
.
dh
gh
t.
th
.
th
ph
bh
s.
n.
l.
* Not in common use.
ksh
*
r.
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-.
munduga- oka mata
A word in advance
- - '
- - - mudava
'srenilo
i vakyanirmanam
ma- balasikshasamagri
pustakam.
.
.
.
Vakyanirmanam
(sentence and its structure or sentence-building in Telugu) is the
.
third book in the Telugu Learning Kit series being brought out by C. P. Brown Academy.
- - dwara
- - telugu aksharamala
- paricayamaindi. dinito
modati. pustakam varnamala
unna
.
abhyasa pustakam valana aksharalu nercukovadam,
pratilekhanam anaga translitaresan
. .
.
- - palike- vidhananni
- dwara
telusukovadam
jarigindi.
.
- You
Telugu alphabet was introduced to the learners through the first book varnamala.
.
have learnt how to write the Telugu characters and to pronounce them by means of
transliteration.
- - rakarakala
- padalu
- telikainavi,
'
rendava
pustakam sabdamalalo
kastamainavi
akshara
..
.
kramamlo ivvadam
. jarigindi.
- presented different easy and hard words in an alphaThe second module,'sabdamala,

betical order.
- - ipudu
vakyam
rayatam
gurinci teliyacestundi.
. mi cetilo unna vakyanirmanam
.
.
Now the book in your hands, vakyanirmanam,

helps you understand how to form
.
a sentence.
- kalipite- padalu
- ituvanti padala
- avutayi.
- kalayikatomanam nercukunna
aksharalu
.
.
vakyam
rupondincavaccu.
If the letters (characters) of the alphabet you have learnt are arranged in an order
forming a unit of grammar, they are called words. A group of words arranged in a
particular order which makes sense and gives a clear meaning is called a sentence.
- vakyalu
- - amarikato- cinnavi,
padala
peddavi, sulabhamainavi, kastamainavirakarakala
..
- ivi miru
- baga
- - nercukovadaniki,
- - istunnam.
telugu padalu
cakkaga- matladadaniki
.
. . .
upayogapadavaccu.
.
These sentences may be short or long, easy and difficult. Such sentences are used to
express a statement, a question, a command or some sudden feeling. They help you to
speak Telugu fluently and to write it well.
- . 1 Lesson 1
patham
- ippudu
- kada!
- telusukunnam
intaku mundu manam telugu aksharalu,
padalu
.
vakyam
gurinci telusukundam.
- (alphabet) and words (sabdamala).

'
We have already learnt about Telugu aksharamala
Let us now learn about Telugu vakyanirmanam
(sentence formation).
.
- arthanni
- purti
icce- pada samudayanni
vakyam
(sentence) antaru.
.
sentence)
A group of words which makes complete sense and gives a clear meaning is called a
sentence.
atadu
. ramudu.
.
idi caduvu.
He is Ramudu.
.
Read this.
-' - bhojanam
cesava?
- - idi nijama?
emiti!
.
Did (you) have your meal?
What! Is it true?
- - nalugu
manam cadivina nalugu
vakyalu
rakalu.
Those are four different kinds of sentences.
- - gurinci ippudu telusukundama?

a- nalugu
rakala
.
Let us now study those four kinds of sentences.

ramudu
.
. vaccadu
sita navvindi
Ramudu
. came.
Sita smiled.

- edcindi.
papa
.
lalita pilicindi.
Baby cried.
Lalita called.
- - manaku kaccitamga- telusu. anduke- avi niscayarthaka

'
paina ceppina visayalu
vakyalu
.
antaru.
.
We know for certain what is said in the foregoing sentences. That is why we call them
- - (declarative or assertive sentences.)
'
niscayardhaka
vakyalu
- - ivi rendu
. padalu matrame upayogincina cinna vakyalau. inkoncem pedda vakyalu
- raddam.

These are short sentences comprising two words. Let us now expand these
sentences a little.
ramudu
. badiki
. vaccadu.
.
sita andamga- navvindi.
- biggaraga- edcindi.
papa
.
lalita pelliki
. . pilicindi.
Ramudu
. came to school.
The baby cried loudly.
Sita smiled pleasantly.
Lalita invited us to the wedding.
- teliyani vatini
- gurinci ila- kaccitamga- cebutam.
telisina visayala
. adigi
.
.
. telusukuntam.
When we are sure of something, we are assertive.When we want to know something,

we ask others.
adigi
telusukundam.
.

Let us ask to know
-' - homework cesava?
lata vaccinda?
Have you finished your home-work?
Has Lata come?


- - pusinda?
gulabi
pani purtainda?
Has the rose blossomed?
Is the work over?
- - antaru.
- kada!
- teliyalante
' vitini
prasnarthaka
vakyalu
edaina
.
.
. itarulanu adagali
.
'
prasnincatam
. ante
. adagadam.
.
.
- - (interrogative sentences). We need to ask others

' They are called prasnarthaka
vakyalu
about what we do not know. To question is to ask.
- - - ive- vakyalanu
koncem peddavi cesi
cuddama?
Let us expand these sentences a little:

- - pusinda?
erra gulabi
- nundi vaccinda?
lata skul
.
Has the red rose blossomed?
Has Lata returned from school?


-' - ninnati
. homework cesava?
- ceppina pani purtainda?

nenu
Have you done your yesterdays homework?
(Have you) finished the work I gave you?
- - '
- prasnalaku
- vidhanam
telusukovalsina
visayanni
batti
untundi.
samanyamga
.. adige
.
.
.
- evaru, ekkada, enduku, eppudu, emiti,
- padalu
upayogince
.
. enta, enni (hu, ver, vai,
.
- hau, haumeny). vitini
- ven, vat,
. ela upayogincalo telusukundam.

The mode of asking depends upon the nature of matter we like to know. Words
such as who, whose, whom, where, why, when, and how are interrogative pronouns.
Let us know how to use them.
atanu evaru?
nannu enduku pilicavu?
-' i bomma ela- vesavu?
- -sita eluru eppudu

. veltundi?
.
Who is he?
How did you draw this picture?

a- pustakam vela enta?
What is the price of that book?
ippudu
. taimenta?
.
Why did you call me?
-When will Sita go to Eluru?

mamayya
vijayavada
. nunci eppudu
.
vastadu?
.
When will maternal uncle come from

Vijayawada?
.
meri ekkada
. undi?
What is the time now?

stesanku
enni gantalaku
vellali?
..
. .
.
Where is Mary?
- niku enni mamidipandlu
.
. kavali?
At what time should we go to the station?
How many mangoes do you want?
-- -
- -
'
oka visayam
adesapurvakamga
ceppalante. ila.....
.

When we command others .
idi caduvu.
- ti. tisukura.
Read this.
akkadiki
..
. vellu.
Bring tea.
ramuki
ivvu
Go there.
Give this to Ramu.
- - ~- - pai vakyalanu
ajnapurvaka
vakyalu
antamu.
.
- ~- - - (Imperative sentences).
The above sentences are called ajnapurvaka
vakyalu
- - vitini
koncem pedda vakyalu
ceddam.
.
Let us expand these sentences a little:

idi sayantram
caduvu!
- ti
. ippude
. tisukura!
- akkadiki vellu!
repu
..
.
i pustakam ramuki
ivvu
Read this in the evening.
Go there tomorrow.
Bring tea immediately.
Give this book to Ramu.
- -
'
a ! ascaryam!
Oh! marvelous
a! idi nijama?
- padipoyada!
- - ayyo!
.
.
Is it true?
Alas! has he fallen!


- - tajmahal
aha!
enta bagundi!
- bomma bagundi!
'sabhas!
.
- Mahal is!
Ah! How beautiful the Taj
The picture is nice, well done!
- -'
- - antamu.
pai vakyalanu
ascaryarthaka
vakyalu
.
- - (Exclamatory sentences).
'
The above sentences are called -ascaryarthaka
vakyalu
- ascaryam
- miku
-'
- tivramaina
- eppudaina
antuleni
kaligite- ila- antaru.
andolana
kaligina.
.
.
inte!
To express some strong emotions such as fear, surprise, agony or distress, we say
like this:
- - - -i gudi enta prasantamga
- undi!
'aha!
a! miru ceppindi nijama!
.
Ah! How serene is the ambience of this temple!

-' - -i bomma baga
- - vesavu!
- - - 'sabhas!
- raju
- metla mida
ayyo!
nunci padipoyada!
.
.
.
.
O! Is what you said true?
- fallen from the stairs? What a

Has Raju
pity!
Well done! You have drawn this picture

nicely.

- - rayavaccu.
- - kuda
inka- pedda vakyalu
.
We can write still longer sentences.

- - - - unte- miku
- matladutu
ala rayadam
telustundi.
. .
.
.

You will know how to write them as you talk.
-ala- teliyalante
. emito
. mundu vakyam ante
. teliyali.
For you to be able to write, you need to know what a sentence is.
adi ippudu
. manam telusukundam.
Let us know it now.
- . 2 Lesson 2
patham
- amsalu
- - untam.
- avi karta, karma, kriya
' - manam custu
- mudu
sahajamga- vakyamlo
.
.
Three components are required to write a sentence in Telugu. They are: subject,
object and verb in that order.
manam oka vakyam
rasinappudu
. oka vyakti gurinco, vastuvu gurinco cebutam.
- - ante
. vakyaniki kendram a vyakti leka vastuvu avutundi. ade karta.
When we speak a sentence, we say something about a person or thing. So, the person
or thing mentioned is called the subject. It means the subject is the central point of
the sentence, and the meaning revolves round the subject.
- karma.
karta nirvahince- karyam
kriya avutundi. kriya yokka phalitam anubhavincedi
Job done by karta (subject) is kriya (verb). Result of kriya is received by karma
(object).
udaharanalu
: examples:
.
- ramudu
i vakyamlo- ramudu
. kukkanu kottenu.
..
. karta.
Ramudu
. beat the dog. In this sentence, Ramudu
. is karta.
-' ramudu
. . . anaga kottuta
. . . kriya.
. emi cesadu?
. kottadu.
What Ramudu
. did? He beat. That is beat is kriya.
denini
kottadu?
. . . kukkanu. kriyaphalitam anubhavincindi kukka kanuka, kukka karma.
Whom he beat? Dog. Dog has received the result of kriya. Hence dog is karma.
- antaru.
nauns miku telusu. naunsnu telugulo- namavacakalu
.
You know the nouns. In Telugu nouns are called Namavacakalu.

- ~ - namavacakamulu
- namavacakamulu
avi sanjna
(proper nouns), jati
(common
nouns), samuha namavacakamulu (collective nouns), guna
. namavacakamulu (abstract
nouns) antaru.
.
~- namavacakamulu
Those nouns in the Telugu language are called sanjna
(Proper nouns),
jati namavacakamulu (common nouns), samuha namavacakamulu (collective nouns)
and guna
. namavacakamulu (abstract nouns).
raju caduvutunnadu.
.
lalita padutunnadi
.
- is reading.
Raju
Lalita is singing.
dhilli
mana rajadhani.
.
-'
bharatadesam
mana matrubhumi.
- (India) is our motherland.

Bharat
- - - raju,
-'
- lalita vyaktula perlu.
- bharatadesam
pai vakyalalo
dhilli
oka pattanam
peru.
.
.. .
-'
- perlanu
- - padalanu
~ - namavacakalu
- antaru.
oka desam
peru.
teliyacese
samjna
.
Delhi is our capital.
- and Lalita in the above sentences are the names of persons. Delhi
Words like Raju
- is the name of a country. All such names are called
is the name of a city, and Bharat
- (proper nouns)
~ - namavacakalu
sanjna
amma uyala
uputunnadi.
Mother is rocking the cradle.

- 'vidyarthi
pathasalaku
veltunnadu.
.
.
.
The student is going to school.

- - andamaina totalu
a- urilo
. unnavi.
There are beautiful gardens in that village.

- namavacakalu
- (Common nouns). amma, vidyarthi,
- ' - uru,
ivi jati
pathasala,
tota,
.
.
- oka jatiki
i padalanni okko rakamaina jatini
sucistunnayi.
sambandhincinavi kanuka
- namavacakalu.
ivi jati
The words mother, student, school, village, garden, in the above sentences are
common to every person or thing of the same class or kind. So, they are called
Common nouns.
ramudu
.
. gorrela mandanu tolukuveltunnadu.
.
Ramudu
. is tending his flock.
pakshula gumpu sayantraniki
gutiki
. cerutundi.
Swarms of birds return to their nests by evening.

- ceruvu gattuna valindi.
kongala baru
..
A row of cranes alighted on the shores of the lake.

- - vinapadadu.
- emi
i jana samuhamlo
.
Nothing is audible in this milling crowd.

- - - manda, gumpu, baru,
- namavacakalu.
- janasamuham
- samuha
pai vakyalaloni
anevi
- - - pakshula samuhanni
- gorrela samuhanni
manda antaru.
alage
gumpu antaru.
.
.
- ani, manusulanu janasamuhamani
kongalni baru
antaru.
.
.
Words like flock, swarms, row (group), in the above sentences are called
Collective nouns. So a Collective noun denotes a number of similar things taken
together and regarded as one whole: A flock of sheep; a swarm or group of birds; a
row of cranes and groups of people, etc.
manisiki
. santosam
. mukhyam.
- - untundi.
- vediga
- gali
vesavilo
.
.
Happiness is essential for man.
The air in summer is hot.
- mana 'satruvu.
mana kopame
- nadi tiramlo callaga- untundi.

.
Our anger is our enemy.
It is cool near rivers.
- - - santosam,
- ane- padalu,
pai vakyalalo
kopam,
vedi
gunanni,
bhavananu
.
.
.
- sucince
- bhavanaku
teliyacestunnavi.
i padalu
rupam
ledu.
ituvanti
vatini
telipe- perlu
.
.
.
guna
.
. namavacakalu antaru.

In the above sentences, the words happiness, anger hot, do not have a definite
shape. Such nouns denote some quality, state, or action. They are called guna
.
namavacakalu or bhava namavacakalu (Abstract nouns).
- . 3 Lesson 3
patham
- - vaccindi. rani
- snehituralu.
- maku
- raniki
rani
. ti. iccanu.
.
.
- came. Rani
- is our friend. I gave tea to Rani.
Rani
.
.
.
- - caduvutadu.
- baga
raju
. rajuku eppudu
. manci markulu vastayi.
- studies well. Raju

- always gets good marks.
Raju
- kada!
- anadam bavundaledu
- perlu
- rendumudusarlu
ila- rani....raju
.
.
.
.
.
- does not look nice.

- and Raju
So, the repetition of the words Rani
.
- ala- namavacakanni
tirigi tirigi anakunda
.
. namavacakaniki baduluga
. undalante
- - - - sarvanamanni
- sarvanamanni
vadali.
inglisulo
pronaun antam.
.
.
.
To avoid repetition of nouns we use pronouns. A pronoun (meaning for a noun) is

a word used instead of a noun. The pronoun is called sarvanamam
in the Telugu
language.
udaharanalu
: examples:
.
- - - atadu,
. itadu,
. ame. ime, adi, idi, sarvanamalu. indakati
. vakyalu ippudu
. cudandi.
. .
The words I, we, you, he, she, it, they, this, that, are pronouns.
- - vaccindi, ame
- ma- akkaku snehituralu.
rani
ameku
ti. iccanu.
.
- came. She is the friend of my elder sister. I gave her tea.

Rani
.
- - caduvutadu.
- baga
- vadiki
raju
. eppudu
.
. manci markulu vastayi.
- studies well. He always scores good marks.

Raju
- - - i kinda iccina vakyalalo sarvanamalu

gurthincandi.
.
Point out the pronouns in the following sentences:

- - bommalu vestundi.
rama baga
ameku
bahumati vaccindi.
Rama draws pictures nicely. She got a prize.

- nadavalekapotunnanu.
na- kaliki
debba tagilindi, nenu
.

My leg is hurt. I am unable to walk.
- tagindi.
pilli palu
amma danini
kottindi.
..
The cat drank the milk. Mummy hit it.

- - - ninnu andaru- istapadataru.
nuvvu cakkaga- matladatavu,
..
. .
.

You speak agreeably. Everybody likes you.
javabulu
Answers
-ame
nenu
danini
ninnu
I
it
You
She
- . 4 Lesson 4
patham
- - untam.
- - vidhaluga
- - vadutu
- gamanince- untaru
sarvanamalanu
mudu
. pathamlo
.
.
. idi miru kindati
.
.
You must have observed that in the previous lesson we made use of pronouns in three
ways.
- vivaranga- cuddam!
- marala- okasari
Let us look at them in detail.

mana gurinci manam ceppinappudu
.
. nenu, memu, nayokka, naku antamu.
The words used about oneself: I, we, me, my, mine.

- - gurinchi ceppinappudu nuvvu, miru,
edutivari
miyokka, miku upayogistamu.
.
.
The words used to address those who are in front of us or spoken to: thou,
you, thee, thy, thine, your, yours.
ekkado
. ame, adi, atanini, ameku, daniki,
. unnavari gurinci ceppinappudu
. atadu,
- - upayogistamu.
amenu,
varini,variyokka
ane- padalu
The words used about the person or thing spoken of: he, his, himself, she,
herself, it, itself, they, them, theirs.
- - madirigane
- - telugulo- kuda
- - vitini
inglishu
.
.
. bhasalo
. ila vargikarincaru :
As in the English language, in Telugu also they are classified in the following ways:
tanagurinci uttama purusa
. nenu, naku, nayokka anu matalu.
.

Uttama Purusa
. (First Person). It denotes the person speaking : I, we, myself.
- gurinci madhyama purusa nivu,
edutivari
niku, niyokka anu matalu.
.
.
.
Madhyama Purusa
. (Second Person). It denotes the person spoken to: thou,
you, thyself.
ekkado
atanu, ame,
ataniki,
.
. unnavari gurinci prathama purusa
ataniyokka anu matalu.
.

Prathama Purusa
. (Third Person). It denotes the person or thing spoken of: he,
she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
- - marikonni vakyalu
cuddam.
Let us see some more sentences:

uttama purusa
.
(First Person)
- cesukuntanu.
na- pani nenu
.
naku
ayana gurinci telusu.
- -' a- samavesaniki
nannu pilicaru.
a- pustakam nadi.
I do my own work.
They called me to that conference.
madhyama purusa
.
I know about him.
That book is mine.
(Second Person)
nuvvu manci vadivi.

.
niku a- bahumati vastundi.
You are a good man.
You will get that award.
ninnu cudakunda
..
.
. vellanu.
i pani nide- anuko.
I will not go without seeing you.
Treat this work as yours.
prathama purusa
. (Third Person)
vallaku
manam vaccinatlu
..
. teliyadu.
- vastaru.
- repu
vallu
..
They do not know that we have come.
They will come tomorrow.
idigo- niku kavalasina pustakam. dinini radha

iccindi.

Here is the book you needed. Radha
gave it.
vallanu
akkadiki
..
. rammani ceppanu.
I told them to come over there.

- badhyata
- e- nirnayam tisukunna
vallu
vallade.
.
..
..
Whatever decision they take, it will be their responsibility.

- - - - gurtinci e- purusalo
- - i kindi vakyalalo
sarvanamalu
. unnayo rayandi.
.
Pick out every pronoun that you can find in the following sentences and name its
person.
- - iccadu.
- atanu tana saikil gopalki
ramu
manci abbayi.
.

- Ramu
is a good boy. He gave his bicycle to Gopal.
- - tanu caduvukontundi kuda.

- sita tana talliki panullo- sayam
cestundi.
tana pathalu
.
.
.

Sita helps her mother in her daily chores. She also studies her lessons.
-' - - ni- kosam
nuvvu ninna raledu.
andaru- edurucusaru.
You did not come yesterday. Everybody waited for you.

- - -i roju
nenu
akkadiki
. ralenu. naku jvaram vaccindi.

Today I cannot come there. I have fever.
- - evaru- ceppaledu.
- - velle- vadine.
a- sangati naku
cebite- nenu
.
...
Nobody told me about it. Had I been told, I too would have gone there.
- - - - enduku?
niku naku
madhya vallu
..
Where is the need for them between you and me?

-
javabulu Answers
atanu (prathama purusa)
.
- (uttama purusa)
nenu,
naku
.
he (Third person)
I, to me (First person)
tana, tana, tanu (prathama purusa)

.
- - (uttama purusa)
naku,
nenu
.

her, her, she (Third person)
nuvvu, ni (madhyama purusa)

.
you, your (Second person)

to me, I (First person)
- niku- madhyama purusa

. naku uttama
- prathama purusa
purusa,
.
. vallu
..
to you (Second person); to me (First

person); them/they (Third person).
patham
5 Lesson 5
.
- - manamu linga bhedamunu
i pathamlo
.
In this lesson we learn about variations of gender.

- rakalu.
- avi 1) pumlingam; 2) strilingam;
lingamulu mudu
3) napumsakalingam.
.
;;
Genders are of three kinds. They are: 1. masculine gender; 2. feminine gender and
3) neuter gender.
- e- lingamo- telusukundam.
i kinda iccina'sabdalu
The following table shows examples of the three kinds of genders:

pumlingam
strilingam
napumsakalingam
masculine gender
raju
feminine gender
rani
.
neuter gender
kurci
King
devudu
.
Queen
devata
chair
God
Goddess
temple
racayita
racayitri
racana
author
atadu
.
he
nayakudu
.
hero
authoress
ame
she
nayika
heroine
gudi
.
script
adi
it
natana
.
acting
- -'
- '
i mudu
. konni ubhayalinga sabdalu vunnayi. a sabdamulu
. rakamule kakunda
- pumlingamulaku- vartistayi.
srilingamulaku,
The names which can be applied either to a male or a female are of the Common
Gender (Ubhayalingamulu).
- naukaru, vyakti modalainavi.
- kodi,
' '
udaharana
. : sisuvu, anatha, vidyarthi, ledi,
.
.
Examples: child, orphan, student, deer, fowl, servant, person.
ramudu
. vaccadu.
.
sita vellindi.
..
Ramudu
. came.
Sita went.
pustakam sancilo- undi.
The book is in the bag.

sita vellindi
antunnam.
ramudu
sita strilingam-ramudu
..
. vaccadu
.
.
.
. antunnam.
- kriyapadalu.
- sita vellindi ani, ramudu
- anevi
pumlingam.ikkada
vellindi,
vaccadu
..
.
..
.
.
- ani- annamu.
- dini
vaccadu
napumsakalingamaina
pustakaniki
undi
annam.
valana
.
- karta yokka linganni
batti
. . kriya marutundi. ide vidhamga namavacakalaku baduluga
- - kuda
- - - sarvanamalu
- - lingabhedaniki
- maratayi.
- vade
anugunamga
.
.
.

In Telugu sentences we say:
Sita went. feminine gender
Ramudu
. came. masculine gender.
The book is in the bag. neuter gender.
Similarly, pronouns will change as per the gender:
- - 'i sutranni teliyacese- marikonni udaharanalu

. parisiliddam.
Let us see some examples in support of this rule:

- atadu bajaru
- velladu.
ramudu
.. .
.
. ledu,
.
Ramudu
. is not here. He has gone to the market.
- ani rasamu.
-' -'
ramudu
.
. pumlingam anduvalana kriyasabdam velladu
Ramudu
is pumlingam (masculine gender). So, the verb ending in Telugu is du
.
-.
(velladu).
.. .
- - ledu,
sita kuda
ame
nillu
..
.
.. tevadaniki vellindi.
Sita also is not here. She has gone to fetch water.

- - ceppamu.
sita strilingam. anduvalana sita ledu, vellindi,
ani kriyapadam
marci
..
Sita is feminine gender. That is why the verb endings in Telugu are changed to ledu,
vellindi.
..
pustakam sancilo- undi; danini
cadavali.
The book is in the bag. I have to read it.
- - inkoka visayam telusukundam.

i pathamlo
.
.
Let us learn another point in this lesson.
- avi : ekavacanam,
- - padalu
- vacanalu.
- vacanalu
- rendu vidhalu.
sankyanu teliyacese
.
bahuvacanam.
Words indicating numbers are known as singular number, plural number.
- vyaktinigani,
- pradesanni
-' - sucincinapudu
namavacakam
oka vastuvunigani,
gani
. adi
-ekavacanam. okatikanna- ekkuva sankhyanu sucincinapudu
.
. adi bahuvacanam.
If a noun indicates one place, person, or thing, it is said to be in Singular Number.

When a noun indicates more than one, it is in the Plural Number.
- gamanincandi.
munduga- i kindi padalu
.
Before we move on, read the following words.

ekavacanam
bahuvacanam
Singular Number
avu.
Plural Number
-avulu.
cow.
mamidikaya.
.
mango.
tota.
.
garden.
cows.
mamidikayalu.
.
mangoes.
totalu.
.
gardens.
- - avu
- ante- oka
pai padallo
ekavacanam,
avulu
bahuvacanam. mamidikaya
.
.
- bahuvacana'sabdam ceratam
- teliyacestundi.
mamidikayane
mamidikayalu
ane
.
.
. valla
okatikanna
ekkuva ani teliyacestundi. ade vidhamga tota,
.
. totalu
. kuda.
.
In the above words, the word cow is in singular number; cows is in plural number. Mango indicates one mango fruit. By making that word plural mangoes it
indicates more than one fruit. So also the words garden and gardens.
- - - - - nambarnu batti kuda

linga bhedanni
batti
..
. . kriyapadalu, sarvanamalu marinattugane
..
.
- - - marpunu
- - -i kindi vakyalalo
maratayi.
gamanincandi.
.
Depending on the changes in the gender, there will be corresponding changes in

the verb and pronoun pattern in the Telugu language. Similarly, there will be changes
in verbs and pronouns depending on the changes in the number. Notice such changes
in the following sentences:
- pakkane- oka kalava
ma- uri
undi.
- cuttu- mudu
- kalavalu
ma- uri
unnavi.
..
.
- - oka devalayam
- ma- urilo
undi.
- - nalugu
- - - unnavi.
ma- urilo
devalayalu
There is a canal by the side of our village.
There is a temple in our village.

- - oka jama
ma- totalo
cettu
.
.. undi.
There is a guava tree in our garden.
There are three canals around our village.
There are four temples in our village.

- - padi jama
ma- totalo
cetlu
.
. unnavi.
There are ten guava trees in our garden.


- na- snehitudu
repu
. vastadu.
.
- ma- snehitulu
repu
vastaru
My friend will come tomorrow.
Our friends will come tomorrow.
- '
unnadi, unnadu,
. . . kasindi, pusindi vanti. sabdalu ekavacananni
. vaccindi, velladu,
- unnaru,
- - ru, lu, vu, yi 'sabdalu
- bahuvacananni
- - vaccaru,
teliyacestayi.
teliyacestayi.
- (he is), vacchindi (she / it

In the Telugu language, words like unnadi (it is), unnadu
.
came), velladu
.. . (he went), kasindi (bore fruit), pusindi (bloomed), denote singular
number. Words which end in ru, lu, vu, yi, denote plural number. For example:
- (they are).
- (they came), unnaru
vaccaru
i vindhamga- -ekavacanam, bahuvacanam vadatam
. . jarugutundi.
Thus we use both singular and plural numbers.
ayite- konni padalaku

matram
ekavacana,
bahuvacanalunnappatiki
ekkuvaga.
bahuvacaname- vadutuntamu.
.
.
Though some words have both singular and plural forms, in most cases only plural
form is used.
uda- : pesalu, godhumalu,
kandulu, vadlu,
.
Example: Pesalu (green gram); godhumalu

(wheat); kandulu (red gram), vadlu
. (paddy).
- vadali.
- - vatini
- undadu. bahuvacanam matrame
konni padalaku
ekavacaname
.
. nitya
.
- uda- : palu,
- nillu.
- antam.
bahuvacanalu
.
..
Some words do not have the singular form at all. We have to use them as plurals.
They are called nitya bahuvacanamulu (forever plural forms). Examples: palu
(milk), nillu
. . (water).
patham
6 Lesson6
.
- kosindi.
sita pulu
- kosindi.
sita errati. pulu
- navvindi.
papa
- gaunu vesukunna
pula
papa
navvindi.
Sita plucked the flowers.
The baby smiled.
Sita plucked the red flowers.
The baby in the embroidered gown laughed.

- kosindi
- ipudu errani pulu
intaku mundu manam sita pulu kosindi
annam.
annamu.
.
Earlier we said, Sita plucked the flowers. Now we have said, Sita plucked the
red flowers.
- - erraga- unnayani,
- gaunu vesukundani
- pula
- - pulu
i matala
dwara
papa
vivarana
.
.
'
istunnam. ave visesanalu.
. .
Thus we are explaining that the flowers are red and the gown is embroidered.
These words are adjectives.
- - - ' i kindi vakyalalo
visesanalu
gurtincandi.
. .
.
Point out the adjectives in the following sentences:

a- pedda ceruvulo- erra tamaralu
unnayi.
There are red lilies in that big tank.

- - mi inti
. pakka intilo
. ma mamayya unnadu.
.
Your next-door neighbour is my maternal uncle.

- - cinnavadu.
ramu
na- kanna- cala
.
Ramu is much younger than me.

- - muggu vestundi.
amma gummam mundu pratiroju
Mother daily decorates the doorway with patterns made with lines of flour.
- unnade- raju
- illu.
a nallagetu
.
Rajus
house is the one with the
black gate.
atadu
. dhairyavantudu.
.

He is a brave man.
ati telivi anarthadayakam.
- tiyani
niku repu
mamidipallu
. .. istanu.
I will give you sweet mangoes tomorrow.

- pedda nagaram.
bengaluru
.
- is a big city.
Bengaluru
adi lotaina
ceruvu.
Over-smartness is harmful.
That is a deep tank indeed.
turpu
vaipuna unna bhavanam
granthalayam.
pustakam pedda ballamida undi.

The east-side building is a library.
The book is on the big table.


javabulu
Answers
pedda, erra
-cala
intipakka
.
red
pratiroju
daily
ati
over
pedda
big
next-door
nalla
black
turpu
vaipuna
east-side
lotaina
deep
much
dhairyavantudu
.
brave
tiyani
sweet
pedda
big
' - - antam.
ila- namavacakam
yokka gunanni
vivaranga- ceppe- padalanu
visesanalu
.
. .
.
- spastamga- ceppadaniki
- - -i padala
'namavacakam
gurinci vivaramga,
visesanam
kavali.
..
.
. .
- - manam namavacakam
' - dwara
gurinci ekkuva vivarana
. .
. ivvagalugutamu. visesanalanu
- inglisulo
antaru.
. .
. edjektives
.

The adjective goes with a noun or pronoun adding to its meaning. Adjectives qualify
the nouns that follow them adding value to the sentence.
patham
7 Lesson 7
.
- kada!
- - panulanni- kriyalu ani ceppukunnam
manam cese

We have already explained that our actions are known as verbs.
ramudu
. vaccadu.
.
Ramudu
. came.
- sita padindi.
.
- paddadu.
raju
.. .
- fell.
Raju
- navvindi.
papa
Sita sang.
The baby smiled.
-'
- kriyasabdalu.
paina rasina
vaccadu,
paddadu,
padindi,
navvindi anevi
.
.
.
.
.
- -'
kriyasabdalanu
inglisulo
verbs antaru.
.
.
The underlined words in the above sentences are verbs indicating the action of the subject.
- venakki paddadu.
sita madhuramga- padindi.
raju
.. .
.
amma aratipallu
. .. premato iccindi.
- kilakila navvindi.
papa
- fell on his back.

Raju
Sita sang sweetly.
Mother gave bananas with love.

The baby smiled charmingly.
- - kriyavisesanalu.
- padalu.
- kriyalu
'
kinda gita gisina padalu
avi kriyala gurinci teliyaceyu
. .
- - entavaraku jarugutayo teliyaceyu
eppudu
ela- jarigayo,
. jarugutayo, ekkada
.- jarugutayo,
- - ' - - vitini inglisulo
- - kriyavisesanalu.
padale
edverbs
antaru.
.
.
.
.
.
The underlined words in the above sentences are adverbs. An adverb is a word which
modifies or qualifies and expands the sense of a verb. So, an adverb goes with a verb
adding to its meaning when and where a certain action has taken place, and how
long it has taken, etc.
- - cuddam.
- - ' - - - kurcina
' - - mariyu kriyavisesanalato
ippudu
marikonni vakyalu
. .
. visesanalu,
. .
' - Let us study some more sentences containing adjectives (visesanalu)

and adverbs
. .
'
(kriyavisesanalu).
. .
nalla kukkapilla parugetti adutondi.

.
The black puppy is running playfully.

- - - adataru.
a- pillalu prati adivaram
banti ata
. .
Those children play ball games every Sunday.

- pusindi.
malle mokka ninduga
.
The jasmine plant is in full bloom.

- rangu pensil mukkaluga- viricindi.
rani
.
- broke the colour pencil into pieces.

Rani
.
- - telivaina abbayi.
gopal
amma pullati
konnadi.
. mamidikayalu
.

Mummy bought sour mangoes.
- - is an intelligent boy.
Gopal
- nalugava
radha
phlat
antasthulo- undi.
.
- phutbal
- - -- raju
. baga adatadu
. .
- plays football well.

Radhas flat is on the fourth floor.
Raju
- kattindi.
- a- pedda cettu mida
kaki
cakkaga- gudu
..
.
..
The crow built its nest neatly on that big tree.

- - munduku padindi.
- gadapa dataleka
pillikuna
.
.
.
Unable to cross the threshold, the feeble kitten fell headlong.

- oka tellatipitta
nillalo
.. munigindi.
. .. budungumani
.
A white bird suddenly dived into the water.

- gadiyaram
pedda goda
thangumani
ganta
.
.
..
. kottindi.
.
The big clock on the wall struck with a bang.

- callaga- vistundi.
sayantram
gali
The evening breeze blows pleasantly.
- visesanalu
- - rendusarlu
- ' - - ane- visayam cakkaga- kriyavisesanalu
- cadivite- evi
' - - evi
pai vakyalu
.
. .
. .
.
- - telusikondi.
- avuno- kado
- - kindi pattika cusi
mike telustundi. sariaina javabu
..
.
. ilanti
- - rayandi.
- - konni miru kuda
vakyalu
.
.
If you read the above sentences carefully, you will understand which words are
adjectives and which ones are adverbs. Now write some similar sentences yourself.
Verify your answers from the following list :
javabulu
Answers
- '- kriyavisesanalu
. .
'- visesanalu
. .
nalla
Adjectives
prati
every
black
rangu
colour
pullati
.
telivaina
sour
intelligent
nalugava
fourth
pedda
big
pedda
tellati
.
big
white
sayantram
evening
Adverbs
banti ata
.
parugetti
playfully
football
mukkaluga-
ninduga
.
into pieces
full
- baga

well
cakkaga-
munduku
neatly
headlong
budungumani
.

suddenly
thangumani
.
with a bang
callaga-
pleasantly
patham
8 Lesson8
.
- - manam ippudu
siddamga- unnam.
. cinna cinna vakyalu rayadaniki
.
Now we are ready to write small sentences.

- edaina
- ninna jarigina visayama,
- visayam ceppinappudu manam ceppedi
- -i roju
kani
.
.
.
- spastamga
- repu
- - visayama- anedi
- jaragaboye
- undali.
jarigina visayama,
.
..
.
.

Whatever we say, it should be very specific whether we are indicating the present
action, or a past action or a future action.
- -- ala- undalante
.
. e kalam gurinci cebutunnamo teliyali.
For this, we should know the tense of the verb we are writing about.
- ninna uttaram rasanu.
-' nenu
I wrote a letter yesterday.

- - i vakyam jarigipoina
visayam
dinini bhutakalam
antamu.
.
.

This sentence describes a past action.
- bhutakalam
anaga- jarigipoyindi.
- Time that is past is called bhutakalam

(Past Tense).
- uttaram rastunnanu
nenu
I am writing a letter.
- - kalam
i vakyam ippudu
dinini vartamana
. jarugutunna visayam
.
antamu.
.

This sentence mentions a present act. This is known as simple present tense.
vartamana kalam
anaga- jarugutunnadi.
Time now is called the vartamanakalam

(Present Tense).
- - repu
- uttaram rastanu.
nenu
I will write a letter tomorrow.

- - - danini
i vakyam jaragaboye
dinini bhavisyat kalam
antam.
.
This sentence talks of a future act. Time to come is future tense.

- vastayi.
- linga
- - - telugulo- kriyalu vakyaniki
samanyamga
civaraga
intavaraku,
- - - - vacana bhedalalonu
- - - - kriya- 'sabdalu
- maradam
bhedalalonu,
. gurinci telusukunnam.
- - kriyasabdam
-'
- - parisiliddam.
'kalam
marinappudu
marutundi.
i kindi vakyalu
.
. kuda
In Telugu sentences, verbs usually come towards the end of the sentence. We have so
far learnt that verbs change depending on the changes in gender and number. When
there is a change of tense, the verb also changes. Let us study some sentences:
sita ninna vaccindi.
ramudu
. ninna vaccadu.
.
sita ippudu
. vastundi.
ramudu
. ippudu
. vastunnadu.
.
- came yesterday.
Sita
Sita comes now.
- sita repu
vastundi.
- will come tomorrow.

Sita
Ramudu
. came yesterday.
Ramudu
. comes now.
ramudu
.
. repu vastadu.
Ramudu
. will come tomorrow.

- - --'
ramudu
. anaga bhutakalanni sucince ninna annappudu
. kriyasabdam
. ninna vaccadu.
-- repu
- bhavisyat kalanni
vaccadu
sucince
annappudu
.
. annamu. repu vastadu
.
.
'
kriyasabdam vastadu
. ani marindi. sita strilingam kanuka vaccindi, vastundi annamu.
- annamu.
ramudu
. pumlingam kanuka vaccadu,
.
. vastadu
- Ramudu
ninna (yesterday) indicates bhutakalam
. came yesterday. Here, the word
(past tense). Hence the verb vaccadu
. (came). When we use the word repu
(tomorrow), it indicates bhavisyatkalam
(future tense). Hence the verb vastadu
.
.
(will come). Sita being feminine gender, the verb in the past tense is vacindi; and in
the future tense the verb will be vastundi. So also, Ramudu
. being-masculine gender,
and
in
the
future
tense
vastadu.
the verb in the past tense is vaccadu,
.
.
- -- - - lekapote
- - - mi- matalaku
mukyamaina i mudu
artham undadu.
. .
.
.
. kalalu telusukuni matladali.
When we talk we must be mindful of these three tenses. Otherwise, what we

talk will not make sense.
- - - i mudu
.
. kalalu kaka jarugutu vunna kalam marokati
. undi. danini inglisulo
kantinyuvas
tens antaru.
mudu
. kalallonu aya samayalalo jarugutunna panini gurinci
.
.
adi teliyacestundi.

In addition to these three tenses, there is another one called Continuous Tense. The
vartamanakalam
(Present Continuous Tense) describes an action taking place. And
so the action is incomplete. So is the case with Past Continuous Tense and Future
Continuous Tense.
jarugutu- unna kalam.
Continuous tense:
- pustakam caduvutu- untundi.

radha
repu
.
radha
ninna pustakam caduvutu- undindi.
.
Radha
was reading the book yesterday.
Radha
will be reading the book tomorrow.

radha
pustakam caduvutu- undi.
Radha
is reading the book.
- testu- undindi. testu- undindi ane- kriya bhutakalamlo

- - jaruguturadha
ninna pulu
.
.
unnadanni
teliyacestundi.

Radha
was bringing flowers yesterday. (The verb was bringing is in the Past
- Continuous tense a continuing work in bhutakalam).
- - - unnadu.
- bommalu vestu
- - unnadu.
- anaga- prastutam bommalu vestu
- kabatti
raju
.
.. i vakyam
.
- kalamlo
- pani jarugutunnatluga- teliyacestundi.
vartamana
.
- is drawing pictures. (The verb is in the Present Continuous Tense a continuing

Raju
work in vartamanakalam
the Present tense.)
- - untadu.
- bommalu vestu
- repu
raju
. kriya bhavisyat
.
. kalamlo jarugutu unde
. visayam
. . ikkada
teliyacestundi.

- will be drawing pictures tomorrow. (The verb, here, is in the Future Continuous
Raju
Tense) a continuous tense in the bhavisyatkalam.
.
- unnadu.
ramu
ninna banti adutu
.
.
Ramu
was playing with a ball yesterday.
- (The verb is in the Past Continuous tense a continuing work in bhutakalam.)
ramani
. pulu testu undi.
Ramani
. is bringing flowers.
- pulu
- testu- untadu.
- repu
raju
. .
- will be bringing flowers tomorrow.

Raju
- - unnadi.
sita pata
. padutu
.
Sita is singing a song.

(The verb is in the Present Continuous tense a continuing work in vartamanakalam.)
- laibrariki
- undindi.
- ninna uyala
a- samayaniki
raju
veltu
papa
ugutu
. unnadu.
.
.
ramani
.
. pulu testu untundi.
- uyala
- unnadi.
papa
ugutu
- was going to the library at that time.

Raju
The baby was swinging yesterday.
Ramani
. will be bringing flowers.
The baby is swinging.
- teccindi.
radha
ninna pulu
- uyala
- - untundi.
- repu
papa
ugutu
.
Radha
brought flowers yesterday.
- - ramani
. roju pulu testundi.
Ramani
. brings flowers daily.
The baby will be swinging tomorrow.

- repu
- pulu
- testadu.
raju
.
- will bring flowers tomorrow.

Raju

- koyadaniki
radha
pulu
veltu
.
. untundi.
.
- - - sayantram
repu
sita eluru
veltu
.
. untundi.
- Sita will be going to Eluru

tomorrow evening.
Radha
will be going to pluck flowers.
-- - telugulo- mukhyamga- bhutakalam,

vartamanakalam,
bhavisyatkalalanu
anusarinci
.
'
kriyasabdam
marutundi.

When the tenses are changed, the verb also changes.
- - ippudu
. alanti. marpunu i kindi vakyala dwara gamaniddam.
Shall we look at some more sentences to know such changes?

- bhutakalam
vartamanakalam
Ranganna goes to the

market.
- - badiki veltunnadi.
meri
.
.
Ranganna will go to the

market tomorrow.
- - ellundi badiki veltundi.
meri
.
.
.
rahim pandlu
. teccadu.
.
Mary will go to school the

day after tomorrow.
- rahim pandlu
. testadu.
.
. rahim sayantram pandlu
. testunnadu.
Past tense
- velladu
ranganna bajaru
.. .
Ranganna went to
the market.
- - badiki vellindi.
meri
.
..
Mary went to school.
Rahim brought fruits.
bhavisyatkalam
.
Present tense
Future tense
ranganna bajaru veltunnadu
.
. .
. ranganna repu bajaru veltadu.
Mary goes to school.
Rahim brings fruits.
Rahim will bring fruits in the

evening.

- padindi.
karuna
.
. pata
.
karuna
.
. padutunnadi.
- padutundi.
karuna
.
.
. repu pata
Karuna
. sang a song.
Karuna
. sings a song.
amala ninna vaccindi.
amala vastunnadi.
Karuna
. will sing a song
tomorrow.
- vastundi.
amala repu
Amala came yesterday.

Amala comes.
Amala will come tomorrow.
- avi nirantara kriyalu. vatini
konni kalamto- nimittam lekunda
. eppudu
.
. jarigevi untayi.
.
- - - antaru.
inglisulo
yunivarsal
truts
.
.
There are some universal truths, true at any time and for all times:
vantena kinda nunci nadi pravahistundi. suryudu
. turpuna udayincunu.
The river flows under the bridge.

- - mallelu pustayi.
vesavilo
The sun rises in the east.

vennela callaga- undunu.
.
Jasmines bloom in summer.
The moonlight is cool.


- - - e- kalaniki
kinda iccina vakyalu
sambandincinavo- gurtincandi.
.
Name the tenses of the following sentences:

sita a- pustakam cadivindi.

Sita read that book.
radha
padutunnadi.
.

- sings.
Radha
- - badiki veltu- undindi.

meri
.
.
.
Mary was going to school.

- pustaka pradarsanaku
- repu
'
memu
veltamu.
.

We will go to the book exhibition tomorrow.
- -i samayaniki
- repu
nenu
ma- uriki
veltu
.
. untanu.

By this time tomorrow, I will be going to our village.
ame,
monna ma- intiki
. vaccindi.
She came to our house the day before yesterday.

- caduvukuntu- untini.
- vaccesariki
ame
nenu
.
.
By the time she came, I was reading.

- suryudu
bhumi
. cuttu
.. tirugutundi.

The earth goes round the sun.
- poyina
-' - uttaram rasadu.
abraham
samvatsaram naku
.
Abraham wrote me a letter last year.

- - - rendu samvatsarala
- kritam kaleji
- cesindi.
- - caduvu purti
ayesa
.
.
- -Ayesa
. completed her collegiate studies two years back.
inko- samvatsaraniki
hari injaniring purtavutundi.

Haris engineering will be completed in a years time.
javabulu
Answers
- unnadi jarugutu- unna vartamanakalam

padutu
.

is singing present continuous tense.
- cadivindi bhutakalam.

read past tense.
padutunnadi
vartamanakalam.
.
sings simple present tense.

- veltu
jarugutu- unna bhutakalam
. undindi
.

was going past continuous tense.
veltamu
bhavisyatkalam
.
.
will go future tense.

veltu
jarugutu- unde
. untanu.
.
. bhavisyatkalam
.

will be going future continuous tense.
- vaccindi. bhutakalam
came simple past tense.

- chaduvukuntu
jarugutu unna bhutakalam
. untini.
.

was reading past continuous tense.
tirugutundi. nirantaram jarigedi
goes round ever happening action. (This simple present tense is also used
to express some general fact or eternal truth.)
-' - rasadu.
. bhutakalam
wrote past tense.

- purticesindi.
bhutakalam
completed past tense.

purtavutundi.
bhavisyatkalam
.

will be completed future tense.
patham
9 Lesson9
.
-i pathamlo
- ane- padala
- gurinci telusukundam.
- madya
- manam avyayalu
- rendu padala
.
.
- - linga, vacana, kala
- bhedalanu
- - teliyacestayi.
nunna sambandanni
i avyayalu
batti
- . .avyayalu maravu. vitini
i padalanu inglisulo
.
.
. vibhaktyarthaka padalani kuda antaru.
pripojisans
antaru.
.
.
- which means indeclinable words words

In this lesson let us learn about avyayalu
not liable to change. They are immutable, eternal. In English they are called
prepositions. They are used to show the relationship of a word to other words in a
sentence. They are also called vibhaktyardhaka padamulu in Telugu.
udaharanalu
:examples:
.
a- cettukomma
mida cilaka unnadi.
balla kinda pensilu padindi.
..
.
There is a parrot on a branch of the tree. The pencil has fallen under the table.
balla, pensilu rendu
ani ceppadam
. padalu. pensilu ballakinda padindi
. valana adi
.
oka ardhavantamaina vakyam ayindi.

Table and pencil are two words. When we say, The pencil has fallen under the
table, it is a complete and meaningful sentence.
- unnadu.
- - madhya'syam
ramuki,
rajuki
.
' Shyam is in between Ramu

and Raju.
- - radhanu
tiki
. pilicanu,ayina raledu.
I invited Radha
for tea; but she did not turn up.
- - - -krusna
. . kosame custunna, kani raledu.
Krisna
. . has not come yet; I am waiting for him.
samuccayalu
Conjunctions
- rendu padalanu
- rendu vakyalanu
- kaluputayi.
- - samuccayalu
- telugu bhasalo
gani,
gani
.
.
.
- - kanjenkshans antaru.
- samana
- dharmam kala vakyalane
- - - ivi
samuccayalanu
inglisulo
.
.
kaluputayi.
- (Conjunctions) in the Telugu language connect words with words as

Samuccayalu
well as sentences with sentences. (However, the words connected must be of the same
grammatical part of speech and of the same grammatical construction.)
- - - kamala mariyu sita akka cellellu

.. ane vakyamlo sitaku, kamalaku unna sambandham
mariyu ane- samuccayam teliyacestundi.
Kamala and Sita are sisters. Here the conjunction and connects two nouns showing
their relationship.
- cadavagaladu, mariyu rayagaladu
ramu
.
.
Ramu
can read, and write as well.
- kalamu, pensil rendu

- oka kalam ayina- pensil ayina- ivvandi. ane- vakyamlo
naku
.
.
- - okati kavali
- - ani ardham, ayina- ane- padam valla vaccindi.
vastuvulalo- edo
.
Give me either a pen or a pencil.

In this sentence, a choice is expressed. Either or is an alternative conjunction
denoting either a pen or a pencil.
- - anavaccu.
ikkada
.
. kalamu leka pensil ani kuda
In this sentence we can use only or to convey the meaning. Give me a pen or a
pencil.
- ikkada
. ayina, leka ane padalu emi teliyacestunnavi? naku pennu kani pensilu kani
- - kavalani.
i vidhamga- rendu
. padalanu gani, vakyalanu gani kalipe padalu samuccayalu.

In these sentences, what do the words either or and or indicate? I want a pen or
a pencil. Conjunctions therefore connect words with words as well as sentences with
sentences.
- anduvalana, vale, varaku, ayinappatiki- vanti padalu
- samuccayalu.
mariyu, kani,
.
.
Some other conjunctions are: and, but, therefore, like, too, till, however, as well as,
further, neither-nor, either or, moreover.
- - - samuccayalanu
i kindi vakyalalo
gurtincandi.
.
Point out the conjunctions (samuccayalu)

in the following:
- mancivadu
- mariyu telivainavadu.
gopi
.
.
- is a good boy and intelligent as well.

Gopi
- - caduvutadu
- kani
- baga
- allari cestadu.
- raju
.
.

- reads well, but plays mischief.
Raju
- ayevaraku
- undu, lekapote
- - vellu.
na- pani purti
..
.
Wait till I complete my work, or else you can go.

- ayina- nijayiti
- - parudu.
atadu
.
.
. pedavadu

Though poor, he is honest.
-- vaccindi andukani ma- akka raledu.

ninna sayantram
vana

It rained last evening; so my sister did not come.
javabulu
Answers
mariyu
kani
- lekapote
and
ayina-
though
but
andukani
or else
so (reason for an action)
patham
10
.
Lesson10
- - - manam -i pathamlo
- - telugulo- vibhaktulu vunnayi.
- vatini
inglisulo
keslu unnatlugane
.
.
.
.
Just as there are cases in the English language, there are vibhaktulu in the Telugu
language. Let us learn about these vibhaktulu (cases) in this lesson.
- - vibhaktulu.
- madhya gala sambandhanni
- padala
vakyamlo
teliyacesevi
Vibhakti indicates relationship between the words in a sentence.

- karta edi?
ramudu
ane- vakyamlo
karta ramudu.
..
. kukkanu kottenu
. ramudu
. emi
-' cesadu?
kriya. evarini? kukkanu. kukka karma.
.. .
.. . anaga kottadam
. kottadu.
Ramudu
. is the subject.
. beat the dog. What is the subject in this sentence? Ramudu
What did Ramudu
. do? He beat. (Beating is an action. So it is the verb.) Whom did
he beat? He beat the dog. So, dog is the object.
- - - ramudu,
.. . anedi kriya.
. namavacakale. kottuta
. kukka ivi rendu
Ramudu
. and dog are nouns.Beat is the verb.
kukka 'sabdaniki
nu ane- vibhakti ceradam
valana adi ramudu
. kukkanu kottenu.
..
.
ane ardhavantamaina vakyamga marindi. anaga karta cese panini teliyacestunnadi.

Adding nu to the word dog made it a meaningful sentence. In other words, that
case-ending nu makes the work of the subject very clear.
- inko- udaharana
. cuddam.
Let us see another example:

idi sita kalamu.
This is Sitas pen.

ante
. adi sita yokka kalamu.
ikkada
. sitaku kalaniki unna sambandhamemiti?
. yokka ane padam sita hakkunu
teliyacestunnadi.
It means, this pen belongs to Sita. Here, what is the relation between Sita and pen? It
is Sitas pen. Sita possesses it. She has a right over the pen.
maroka vakyam
Let us consider another sentence:

- sita radha
koraku pandlu
. teccindi.
Sita brought fruits for Radha.

sita pandlu
. teccindi. evari koraku? radha koraku.
sita cesina
kriya, pandlu
evarikoraku radha
koraku.
. tevadam.
.
ikkada
. koraku anedi vibhakti.
Sita brought fruits.

For whom?
For Radha.
What did Sita do? She brought fruits. That was her action kriya (verb).
For whom? For Radha.
The fourth case-ending for (koraku) is used to indicate syntactic
relation between Sita, Radha
and fruits.
- - karta, karma, kriyalaku gala sambandhanni

- oka vakyamlo
i vidhamga,
avi cese
- panulanu, cesina
vidhananni
vivaranga- ceppadaniki
vibhaktulu upayogapadatayi.
.
.
telugulo- edu
upayogincedi
.
. mukhyamaina vibhaktulu. okarini pilavadaniki
- cerikato
- padala
- vibhakti. ivanni- okati rendu aksharala,
- vakyaniki
- sambodhana
.
.
- - arthalanu
- -i kindi vibhaktulu cudandi.
ververu
istayi.
. .
Vibhaktulu (cases) are therefore used to show the syntactic relation between the subject,
object and verb, and to explain clearly the work they do and how they do it. In the
Telugu language, vibhaktulu are of seven kinds. Various case-forms are expressed with
the aid of various prepositions or case-endings. Examine the following vibhaktulu
(cases): There is another case form to address others. It is known as vocative case or
Nominative case of address.
prathama- vibhakti
nominative case
du,
mu, vu, lu
.
du,
. mu, vu, lu.
'
'du'
. pumlinga sabdalaku vastundi.
uda- : ramudu,
.. .
. krusnudu,
The first case-ending du

. is applicable to masculine nouns.
Eg: Ramudu,
Krisnudu.
.
.. .
'mu' napumsakalingalaku
vastundi.
uda : daivamu, vanamu, vrukshamu
mu is applicable to nouns of neuter gender.

Eg: deity, forest, a tree.
- - 'sabdalaku,
- 'sabdaniki
'vu' ukaranta
go
vastundi.
uda :jantuvu, taruvu, madhuvu, govu
Vu is applicable to words ending with U sound and to the word go (cow).

Eg: animal, tree, honey, cow.
'lu' bahuvacanamlo vastundi.
- govulu
uda- : strilu,
lu is aplicable to plural forms.

Eg: strilu (women), govulu
(cows).
atadu
.
. ramudu
He is Ramudu.
.
-avu sadhu
jantuvu.
Cow is a domestic animal.
- vikasincayi.
'
pulu
The flowers have bloomed.

a vanamu andamuga- unnadi.
That garden is beautiful.

- - vadina
paina cadivina ramudu,
vanamu, jantuvu ane- padalalo
du,
. mu, vu, lu
.
.
prathama- vibhakti.
In the above sentences, Ramudu,

. vanamu, jantuvu .du, mu, vu, are the first case
(prathama vibhakti or Nominative Case) endings.
dwitiya- vibhakti
ni, nu, la, gurci,

gurinci
accusative case ni, nu, la, gurchi,

gurinchi.
karmaku sambandhinci dwitiya- vibhakti vastundi. kriya yokka phalanni
evaru
anubhavistaro, varu karma

The case that relates to the object in a sentence is called Accusative or Objective Case
- - vibhakti or second case in the order). A noun or noun equivalent is in the
(dwitiya
Accusative or Objective Case when it is used as the direct object of a transitive verb.
sitanu pilicanu.
I called Sita.
ikkada
pilavadam
kriya. evarini pilicanu?
sitanu. sita karma. 'nu' ane- dwitiya- vibhakti
.
.
sitanu cerindi.
Here, called is the verb. Whom did I call? Sita. (Sitanu)

So, Sita is the object. In Telugu, it is Sitanu. In the second case, the case-ending
nu is added to the object Sita.
tallini mincina daivamu ledu.
rajuni
rammanu.
- naku
- teliyadu.
atani gurci
- telusu.
ni gurinci naku
- to come.
Ask Raju
No deity is greater than mother.
I do not know anything about him.
I know about you.
trutiya- vibhakti
cetan,
ce(n),
todan,
to(n)
.
instrumental case chetan,

che, todan,
to.
.
- - - varu
- karta. trutiya
-'
- - paniki evaru asrayam
kriya cese
avutaro
vibhakti kartaku cerutundi.
A noun or its equivalent about which something is said (predicated) in a sentence is

called the subject. The third case (trutiya- vibhakti) relates to the subject.
- ceta
- pustakam cadivincu.
papa
Get the book read by the girl.

- papaceta.
- cadivincadam
kriya-evari ceta?
.
To make the baby read (chadivincu) is the verb.

By whom (evariceta)?
- By the girl (papaceta).
Other sentences can be similarly formed.
- - vastanu.
nito- nenu
- saukyamu untundi.
'santam
toda
.
.
I will also come with you.
Happiness exists along with peace.
- - ramani kuda
- - vaccindi.
rajuto
.
.
Ramani
. also came along with Raju.
caturthi vibhakti
dative case
koraku, kai
koraku, kai.
evari nimittam kriya jarugutundo- variki

caturthi vibhakti vastundi.
The case of nouns or pronouns and words in grammatical agreement with them,
indicating an indirect object or recipient, is known as Dative Case (caturthi vibhakti
for, to).
atadu
. ramuni koraku vaccadu.
.
ramuni
koraku.
He came for Rama.

atadu
.
. vaccadu.
He came.
enduku?
For Ramu.
- radhakai
- teccanu.
nenu
pulu
I have brought flowers for Radha.
Why?
- paramatmudu
anekasarlu
avatarincadu.
.
.
. dharma rakshnakai
God manifested Himself time and again on the earth to protect righteousness
(Dharma).
pancami vibhakti
ablative case
valana, kante,
..
. patti
valana, kante,
..
. patti.
apayamu,
bhayamu, parajayam,
pramadam,
alasyam
modalainavi jariginappudu,
. avi
enduku jarigayo a karanam
ceppadaniki
pancami vibhakti vastundi.
.
.
The case of nouns or pronouns and words in grammatical agreement with them
indicating an agent, instrument or location is Ablative Case (pancami- vibhakti
valana, kante,
.. by, than, on account of). It indicates the cause of certain effect
. patti
or result.
coruni
valana bhayamu kaligindi.
Fear was caused by the thief.
i pani ni valana alasyam

ayindi.
This work has been delayed on account of you.

- telisindi.
hanumantuni valana sitamma jada
.
The whereabouts of Sitamma were made known by Hanuman.

- - vaccadu.
rajuni
batti
. . ranga kuda
.
.
Ranga also came on account of Raju.

- kante ramana balavantudu.
vasu
.
.
.
Ramana
. is stronger than Vasu.
- sasti
. . . vibhakti ki, ku, yokka, lo, lopala
- lopala.
genitive case ki, ku, yokka, lo,
- sambandhanni
teliyacesetappudu
. . . vibhakti vastundi.
.
. sasti
The Genitive Case primarily expresses possession, and from that it has been extended
to many kindred relations. This is the sasti
vibhakti with sixth case-ending of ki, ku,
.
.
yokka, lo, lopala to. of, in, and s.
-i visayam teliyadu.
rajuki
idi ramani(yokka)
pennu.
.
.
This is Ramanis
. pen.
- does not know about this matter.

Raju
- telusu; niku
a- visayam
naku
telusu.
.
atani(yokka) gunam
. andariki telusu.
You and I know about it.
Everybody knows about his character.
lata illu ikkadaku

daggare.
.
-ni- mansu lopala

alocana
nike- telusu.
Latas house is not far from here.
Only you know what is in your mind.
- illu uripakka
- - unnadi.
vasu
totalo
.
Vasus
house is in the garden on the outskirts of the village.
- lopala
- vallu
gadilo- matladukuntunnaru.
. .
.
..
They are talking in the room.
saptami vibhakti
locative case
andu, na.
andu, na.
- - adharanni
teliyacesetappudu
.
. saptami vibhakti vastundi.
The Locative Case (saptami- vibhakti andu , na) relates to nouns, pronouns, and
adjectives, expressing location (a particular place or position in which a person or
thing is.)
bhagavantudu
.
. endu cusina andu kaladu.
Wherever you look, there is God. (Or) God is everywhere.

amma yandu orpu
ekkuva.
a- darina
dongala bhayam ekkuva.
Mother has a lot of patience.
There is a threat of robbers on that road.
- cettuna cala
- - kayalu
jama
unnavi.
..
- -' - lekkalenanni
akasana
cukkalu unnavi.
- untaru.
punyatmulu
svargana
.
.
- i cikatina
padi
.
.
. ela veltavu?
There are plenty of fruits on the guava tree. There are countless stars in the sky.
(The guava tree has plenty of fruits.)
The virtuous men stay in the heaven.
How can you go in this darkness?
- - sambodhana- prathama- vibhakti o, oyi
- prathama- vibhakti):
Vocative case or nominative case of address (sambodhana
O, you, hi, hello, hey.
- sambodhincadaniki,
- i vibhakti-evarinaina- pilavadaniki,
anaga
upayogistamu.
.
.
Nominative Case of Address or Vocative Case is used to address a person (sambodhana

vibhakti ) o, oyi hey, you, hi, hello.
- - ani, strilanu
- ani- sambodhistaru.
purusuni
oyi
o
.
Oyi refers to man.

O is used to address a woman. It may imply closeness or contempt.
- o- sita!
itu
. ra!
Hey Sita! Come here.

- - atu vellaku!
oyi!
..
.
Hey, dont go that side!

-o krusna!
. . nannu rakshincu!
O Krisna!
. . Come to my rescue.
patham
11 Lesson11
.
- - ardhanni
- purti
icce- pada samudayanni
vakyam
antamu.
dinini inglisulo
sentence
.
.
.
antaru.
.

A sentence is a group of words making complete sense.
- vidhaluga
- - mudu
- - vibhajimpabaddayi
vakyalu
..
.
- 1. samanya
vakyam
2. samyukta vakyam
'
3. samslista
. . vakyam

Sentences are classified as follows:
1. Simple Sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
- samanya
vakyam
simple sentence.
- - karta, karma, kriya anevi
- pradhanamaina
- - samanya
vakyamlo
vakyangalu.
A simple sentence contains subject, object and verb (karta, karma and kriya) in that
order.
udaharanalu
:examples:
.
kamala andanga- untundi.
vimala telivainadi.
.
- - caduvutadu.
- baga
raju
.
ramani
..
. vellindi.
. badiki
- studies well.
Raju
Ramani
. went to school.
Kamala is beautiful.
Vimala is intelligent.
samyukta vakyam
Compound sentence
- - - - - rendu
. leka mudu
. samanya vakyalu kalasi oke vakyamga marite adi samyukta
- kani
vakyamavutundi.
ala- kalapadaniki
mariyu leka
vanti
.
. samuccayalu
sahayapadatayi.
.
A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined together by

coordinating conjunctions but, and, etc.
sita akka, kamala cellelu.
Sita is the elder sister, and Kamala is the younger sister.

sita (mariyu) kamala akkacellellu.
..
-
Sita and Kamala are sisters.
- - caduvutadu.
- ranga baga
- - caduvutadu.
ramu
baga
.
.
Ramu
reads well. Ranga reads well.
- - caduvutaru.
ramu
(mariyu) ranga baga
Ramu
and Ranga read well.
- maracipotadu.
- baga
- - caduvutadu.
- vasu
- vasu
.
.
- reads well. Vasu

- forgets.
Vasu
- maracipotadu.
- - baga
- - caduvutadu
- kani
vasu
.
.
- reads well but forgets soon.

Vasu
- atanu rajuki
atanu rajuki
annayya?
tammuda?
.
- Is he the younger brother of Raju?

Is he the elder brother of Raju?
- tammuda?
- leka
atanu rajuki annayya?
.
Is he the elder or younger brother of Raju?

'sailaja patalu
'
. padutundi.
. rastundi. sailaja patalu
.
'Sailaja writes poems. 'Sailaja sings songs.
'sailaja patalu
. rastundi, padutundi.
.
'Sailaja writes poems and sings, too.
'
samslista
. . vakyam
Complex sentence
- vakyamto
- okatigani
- antakante- ekkuva apradhana
- vakyalu
- - kalisi vakyam
oka pradhana
.
. -erpadite- danini
' .. vakyam antaru. purti arthanni icce vakyanni pradhana
samslista
.
.
- - arthanni
- vakyam
vakyam
ani, purti
ivvani vakyanni
apradhana
ani antaru.
kriya
.
samaptam kakapote vakyam purti ardhanni ivvadu.
A sentence may also be made up of two or more clauses, one of which is dependent
on, or subordinate to, another. Such a sentence is called a Complex Sentence.
- vakyam.
ramudu
idi pradhana
anaga- arthavantamaina vakyam.
..
. velladu.
Ramudu
. went. This is the main sentence which gives a clear meaning.
- ramudu
ramudu
..
. vaccadu.
.
. velladu.
Ramudu
. went. Ramudu
. came.
- ane- vatini
.. vaccadu,
. kalipi ramudu
. velli
. ani rastamu.
We can club these two sentences thus: Ramudu

. velli
.. vaccadu.
. after going
. (Ramudu,
out, returned.)
- anedi
- purti
- arthanni
ramudu
istundi.
. velladu
..
The sentence, ramudu

.. . (Ramudu
. velladu
. went.) makes complete sense.
- - ramudu
. velli
.. anedi apradhana vakyam. kriya padam purti kakunda
. vakyaniki artham
ledu.
The expression, ramudu

.. (Ramudu
. velli
. having gone) does not give complete meaning.
The verb is incomplete.
- - avi
- navvi - ila
- cusi,
- - a- kriya madhyalo- -agipote,
- vallu
- cestunnaro
- edaite
velli-cesi,
..
..
- - vakyalu.
- - ala- agipoyina
apradhana
kriyalu asamapaka
kriyalu.
Having gone (velli),

.. having done (chesi), having seen (cusi), sporting a smile (navvi),
they are, he became, do not mean anything. They need some complements of the
verbs, as they help to complete the meaning of the sentences. These are some types of
incomplete verbs.
- pustakam cadivindi. rani
- nidrapoyindi.
rani
.
.
- read the book. Rani

- slept off.
Rani
.
.
- pustakam cadivi nidrapoyindi.

rani
.
- slept off.
Having read the book, Rani
.
patham
12 Lesson12
.
anukarana
. vidhamulu :
. vakyamulu rendu

There are two forms of speech
pratyakshanukaranam
.

Direct Speech
parokshanukaranam
.
Indirect Speech
pratyakshanukaranam
:
.
Direct Speech
- ceppindi ceppinatluga- anukarincatam. a- matalu

- edutivaru
pratyakshanukaranamlo
.
.
.
.
.
- uncali.
kotesanlo
. .
In pratyakshanukaranam
(Direct Speech) we give the words of the speaker in
.
quotation marks without changing the words.
konni udaharanalu
: Some examples:
.
- cestanu,
- a- pani naku
- telusu, nenu
- vasu
annadu.
.
I know that work. I will do it, said Vasu.
- andi.
amma nannu, sayantram
twaraga- ra,
Come early in the evening, said my mummy to me.

ticar
miranta- mokkalu natandi,
.
. . annaru.
All of you plant saplings, said the teacher.

- gopito
- - sraddaga
- caduvu, annadu.
'
raju
.
- to Gopi.
Pay more attention to studies, said Raju
- - kotta battalu, ani ammanu adigindi.
sunita nakevi
.
..
What about new clothes for me? Sunitha asked her mother.
- katha ceppu, katha ceppu, ani godava cestundi.
papa
.
The baby pesters me, Tell me a story, tell me a story.
parokshanukaranam
:
.
Indirect Speech:
- okaru ceppina vakyanni
- - ceppali.
- kotesans
parokshanukaranamlo
mana matalato
. .
.
.
- sarvanamalu
- - upayogincali.
undavu.
avasaramaina cota
.
.
In the parokshanukaranam
(Indirect Speech), the words uttered by the speaker are
.
not given, and no quotation marks are used. In other words, the speaker is not quoted
verbatim.
- annadu.
- a- pani tanaku telusani,
- vasu
tane- cestanani
.
- said that he knew that work, and so he would do it.

Vasu
- nenu
- - ceppamannadu.
- ekkadiki veltunnano
raju
.
.
.
- asked me to tell where I was going.

Raju
amma nannu sayantram
twaraga- rammandi.
Mummy asked me to come back early in the evening.

ticar
ma- andarini mokkalu natamannaru.
.
.
The teacher asked us to plant saplings.

- gopini
'sraddaga- cadavamannadu.
raju
.
- advised Gopi
- to pay more attention to his studies.
Raju
sunita tanaku kotta battalu
. . evi ani ammanu adigindi.
.
Sunitha
asked her mother about new clothes for her.
- - katha ceppamani godava cestondi.
papa
.
The baby pesters me to tell her a story.

- - ela- ceppina- intaku mundu telusukunna visayalu
- - gurtuncukovali.
miru emi
ceppina,
.
- - ekavacanam,
- - bhuta,
- bhavisyat, vartamana
- kalalu,
linga bhedalu,
bahuvacanam vitini
.
.
- - vacce- marpulu
- - vitini
anusarinci kriya- padalalo
gurtuncukovali.
batti
vakyam
.
..
arthavantamga- tayaravutundi.

Remember all the points we have dealt with so far to gain fluency in Telugu. Also
remember the inevitable changes in the verb patterns depending upon the gender
differences, tenses, and number.
patham
13 Lesson13
.
ikkada
. koncem agandi
.
Wait a bit here.
- concem agi
- - - matladutuntamu.
manam matladutunnappudu,
. .
.
. avasaramainacota
. .
.
When we speak, we give some pauses to make our speech clear and meaningful to the
listener.
- - untundi. alage
- arthanni
- - swaramlo- marpu
vakyamloni
batti
a- vyavadhi marutu
valana
..
.
kuda
artham avutundi.
. visayam
.
The duration of the pause depends upon the meaning and context. Sometimes we
make our point clear by means of intonation.
- - mukyamaina
rasetappudu
valla telustundi. vatilo
.
.
. matram konni gurtulu pettadam
.. .
nalugu
gurtulu ippudu
telusukundam.
.
In writing we use punctuation marks to make the sentence clear and meaningful. Let
us now discuss four punctuation marks:
- - -- - - cadivetappudu,
.
.
. rasetappudu
. padala madhya ekkada
. agalo, ela artham
. apalo, ekkada
- - - telipevi
- viramamu
-- cihnalu.
- virama
cesukovalo
ante
cihnam ante
. apadam,
.
. gurtu.
All written work is divided by points or stops which help the reader to follow the
sense of what he is reading. Those signs are called punctuation marks. They regulate
reading by indicating where the reader may pause and take breath, and how long he
may pause.
- cihnalu
- -i kindi vidhamga- unnayi.
virama
The following are the punctuation marks:

binduvu
full stop
(.)
comma
(,)
- binduvu
nyuna
ardha binduvu
- - ' binduvu
vakyamsa
semi-colon
(; )
anukarana
. cihnalu
quotation marks
colon
(:)
' prasnarthakam
( )
question mark
(?)
-'
ascharyardhakam
exclamatory mark
(!)
sita tana pedda cellelu cinna tammudu

pelliki
..
. pillalu annayya koduku
.
.. vellaru
Sita her younger sister next to her younger brother children went to wedding of older
brothers son
- - cihnalu
- - okkasari
- levu.
- cadivi cudandi.
i vakyamlo- virama
. . ekkada
. apali? ela cadavali?
teliyadam
. ledu kadu!
There are no punctuation marks in this sentence. We do not know where to stop and
how to read it. It is a bundle of confusion, isnt it?
sita, tana pedda cellelu, cinna cellelu, cinna tammudu,

pelliki
vellaru.
..
. annayya koduku
.
..
- - vivaramga- telustundi.
ila- raste
Sita, her elder sister, younger sister and younger brother went to the wedding of her
elder brothers son.
- evarevaru veltunnaro
- - antaru.
- - ceppadaniki
sita taruvata,
upayogincina
gurtuni kama
.
.
.
- - oke- visayaniki
- mataku
- madhya viramam
mataku
undadaniki
sucana
i kama.
.
.
. .
.
- ekkuvaga- unnappudu civari visayaniki
sambandhincina vivaralu
tappa migilina
.
.
annintiki
. kamalu undali.
.
After the word Sita, the punctuation mark, comma() is used to inform as to who
are all going. Comma is used to denote the gap between the words. When there are
too many details to be given, comma is used after every name or matter excepting the
last name or matter.
konni udaharanalu
: Some examples:
.
- - rastundi.
- - patalu
ame
kathalu, navalalu, natakalu,
.
.
She writes stories, novels, plays and songs.
- - - ma- intlo
. erranivi, tellanivi, pasupuvi, udarangu gulabilu pustayi.
Red, white, yellow and purple roses bloom in our courtyard.

The Full Stop (the Period)
- cukka pettali,
- a cukka binduvu. oka vakyam
ekkuva viramam
kavalsina
cota
.
..
purtainappudu
.
. binduvu undali.
The full stop ( . ) marks the end of a complete and independent sentence.
- ninna vaccanu.
uda- : nenu
Ex : I came yesterday.
- -eluru
- velladu.
raju
.. .
- - has gone to Eluru.

Raju
- binduvu undali.
- rasina
samkshiptarupamlo
prati aksharam taruvata
.

Abbreviations are indicated by periods:
-'
am.pra.
= andhra
prades.
-'
A.P. (Andhra Prades).
- - - cintapalli ramamurti.
ci.ra.murti
Chi. Ra. Murthy

(Chintapalli Rama
Murthy);
- = tirumala tirupati devastanam.
ti.ti.de.
U.N.O. (United Nations Organization); TTD (Tirumala-Tirupati Devasthanam), etc.

- - - rasina
- - civara cukka undali.
cirunama
.
. madhya varasalaku kama undali.
Even in ones postal address, there should be a period at the end. For the middle
lines, there should be commas at the end:
- ravu
vi.es.ar.
- - - - vijayawada
- - 520 002.
inti
.
. nem. 123/4, suryaraopeta,
.
Mr. V.S.R. Rao

- - - - Vijayawada-520
H. No. 123/4, Suryaraopeta,
002.
.
.
amma gudiki
lalita ninna vaccinda?
..
. vellinda?
Has mummy gone to the temple?

- - civara iccindi prasnarthakam.
- prasnincina
- -i ? gurtu prasnanu
' '
'
pai vakyala
evarini emi
sucistundi.
Did Lalita come yesterday?
The above sentences carry interrogative marks at the end. Interrogative mark is
used at the end of every direct question.
- - adi enta bagundi!

oho!
- padipoyada!
- - - raju
a!
.
.
Oh, how nice it is!
- has fallen!
Alas, Raju
-'
- - nokki ceppadanni,
ascaryanni,
udrekanni,
e- visayamaina
vyangyanni.
.
-'
- prakatincetappudu
.
.
.
. i ! ascaryarthakanni vadali.
Exclamatory mark is used to express emotion or some sudden feeling such as wonder,
surprise, horror, indignation, joy, or some satirical remark.
- ni- sangati telusu, nivu
a!
bhimudavu!
.
O! I know about you. You are Bhima!

aunu! atanu munde- vaccadu!
.
Yes, he came early!
- - - - bhasa
- vastundi. cinna cinna vakyalu
- - - cakkagatelugulo- matladandi.
. . . matladitene
. .
.
- - kotta kotta
- - - cadavandi. cadivitene
rayandi.
telugu pustakalu
.
. rastene gurtuntundi.
.
- - telustayi.
- kotta kotta prayogalu
padalu,

Now try to speak in Telugu. Unless you speak in Telugu you cannot master the
language. Learn to write short and sweet sentences. Unless you write, you cannot
remember usages. Read Telugu books. If you read you learn more and more new
words and new expressions.
==^ aOK QO^=

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18.t=nH
10-00
19.H`h =Ò
2000
-1-
20.Q Qs=Ò
21.u~" (^#~=Ò)
22. =`H^
23.=`H^Hi(<^#iQOQ^~~=Qi)
24.@ (H"fis@`)
25.~fi^=` *q^#O
26.P~=`
27.^#fiO`s =`HO
28.~HO^~^g*
29.` x`[, `LQ
30.N KH[
31.N KH ~ q*#"
32.NKH *q^#O(^k)
33.H; Qs x`[
34.Ne`x`[(e`<=Ò`)
35.N Qf x`[
36.J#fl~ x`[
37.N ~fif x`[
38.=~ =~h[
39.~[~*fis x`[
40.N ^~x`[
41.H~= x`[
-2-
2000
3600
3000
5400
3600
2000
3000
10-00
10-00
10-00
10-00
3600
3600
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
42.t=[
43.g~^ [
44.PO[< x`[
45.<QO^ fiq [
46.|} x`[
47.~=^=x H^
48.t=^=x H^
49.H;#~O[
50."OH>fi~[
51.|OQi x`[
52.~ x`[
53.#=Q x`[
54.~H} H}O
55.L==fi~ =Ò
56.N H"fis =Ò
57.16 ="~= =`=
58.~fifH}O
59.H==i =`=
60.OK=Y PO[<x`[
61.J+<Q[
62.[ ZO^Ke ?
63.U ^=xH U` lOKe?
-3-
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
3600
3600
3600
64.U ^=xH UÔ <"Ô \e?

65.U^=xH Uq^=Qn~^#Ke?
66.U^=xH Zxfl ^H}Ke ?
67.#=^ =Ò
68.OK`# [
69.28 =`=
70.H[ (9XHi)
71.H[ (q_q_Q) (O@)
72.OH~ =[O (O@)
73.J~#
74.N~= H~=$`=
75.N ^g Q=Ò
76.N ^g Q=Ò (HO_)
77. H`<=~#
3600
3600
3600
3600
4500
10800
15000
15000
15000
4000
9900
9900
36000
6300
2. ``= <==
1. N e` q+ <=`
4000
2. N e` q+ <=` (HO_) 6300
3. Hie`q+<=`=
(uH* H O_)
10800
~}O_ ~^H$+=iQi OH#O
4. e`q+ <=`= (On) ,,4000
5. e`q+ <=`= (WOw+) ,,4000
-4-
6. ~fi^=` `=O[i
12000
7. H^=` J`~`<==o (63)
2000
8. e` <= `"(H<)
3600
9. e` <==
2000
10.H; <==
2000
11.^~ <==
2000
12.PO[< <==
2000
13.t= <==
2000
14.q+ <==
2000
15.Q}u <==
2000
16.|} <==
2000
18.e`q+ <=`
2000
19.N~= <==
2000
20.H;#$O<==
2000
21.~<== Pk`$Ô 2000
22.N"OH>fi~<==
2000
23.=}nfi=~# (^k)
2000
24.O^=O^#O
2000
25.=O`+"
2000
26.u #=<Kb
1000
27.#=< Kb
900
28.=}nfi=~# (H\)
1000
-5-
29.P~ Kb
30.t"~^# (t=`)
31."OH>fi~ Ò (H\)
32.P~Ô_H
33."OH>fi~ QqO^<==
34.J+H; `" H#H^~`"
35.^gY_=`"
(=~=~hÒ`)
36.u~ O^s x`[
37.O^~HO_ (H\)
38.Q=n` =O
39.~=~H`"
40.` ~`fl=o
41.~}O_e`
q+ <=`"(qh)
42.~}O_ e`<=`"(qh)
43.~}O_ q+ <=`"
44.~}O_ Pk` $Ô
45.=O`+O (qh)
46.t"#OîO^~i
47.[^+O
48.H~ ^+O
-6-
10-00
1000
1000
600
600
1000
1000
1000
1000
2000
1500
3600
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
3600
1000
1000
49.g JC f~?
50.^$+^ x"~}
51.~fi^=` ^#H=
52.OKH=
53.O^=O^#O
54.~^#=H"K=H"
55.Qf=O`
56.[=O`
57.w= `=
58.^H}=i `=
59.^fi^ *uiOQOK~=`
60.NHO ~+ HO
61.#=^~
62.#=Q`=
63.=<"
64.O^~HO_ Q<=$Ò
65.O^ =O^#O (^k)
66.Q=`*q^#=
67.P#O^k 1 N^g `=
68.P#O^k 2 U =
U `" ~}Ke
69. x`^=`~#
-7-
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
3600
3600
3600
3600
1000
10800
10800
4500
70. Ne` <==qq=~}Ò

71. N ^~u(KO_) =q^#=
72. ~fi^=` `xk
73. =}nfi= (q =K# "M#=)
74. H~= ~HH=K=
14400
....
9900
9900
6300
3. N ~ ^` QO^=
1. N ~ Ki`
2. O~ N Q~ Ki`
3. N ~P~^#+i"=O
4. N ~ rq` Ki` (H<)
5. N Q~Ki` (H<)
6. ^Q}H$` N~ Ki`
7. #=<^ Ki`
8. N~Ki`(O_)
}~}QOÔ
9. NQ~Ki` (O_)
}~}QOÔ
10.`^`=Ò ^``*HO,O`
11.J#^g =Ò
12. fl ["|
13.=#xflN~["|
14.JH~H== N~
-8-
9900
9900
9900
5400
5400
3600
9900
5400
5400
2000
2000
3000
3000
3000
15.N ~*HO (O`)

16.N ~[#=
17.N ~ [<
18.N ~H w`
19.ti_~` (=O`)
20.''N~H\
21.''N~~"H\
22.N ~<^ `=O[i
23.N ~"~<=
24.N ~ <==o
25.N ~ KbÒ
26.N ~<^ Kb
27.N ~ ~` (H\)
28.N ~ x`[ (H\)
29.N ~
30.N ~ =#=O[i^`Kb
31.N~ #H`=eH
32.On N ~ ~`
33.x OQ}~ H`=Ò
34.WOw+ N ~~`
35.+i_ ^~#ON~ "=O
36.~`=Ò
-9-
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2500
2000
1000
3-50
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1200
4500
1200
9900
2000
37.~ J#Q"
38.#=Q~"~ =`H=
39.N^`b=$`=
40.$Ô ~
41.N+i_~ b=$Ò(NKi`)
42.Q*##=~* Ki`
10800
1500
9900
1200
9900
9900
4. *u
1. 'HKHO QO@OKOQO (Q~)
6000
2. Qq OKOQ= (Q~)
11600
3. NKH OKOQO (è =OKOQO) 4500
4. P#O^k OKOQO (".q.)
6000
5. =Q"i~te`(12~"iH) 4000
6. =Q"i~te` q_q_QXHH\ 1000
7. HKHO*u+HO_~( Nx"Q~}u\q) 2500
8. = (_i) HO_~
2500
9. ^ HO_~
500
10. H\ HO_~
1500
11. `[H hHOs"
10000
12. H~ *u+ ~
15000
13. *u+ | ~
15000
14. =#Qi *`Hû
15000
15. =~q~ *`Hû
15000
- 10 -
16. =^=~ q""u^fi^@=

17. O ~q_
18. O ~HtH
19. ~fi ~i
20. ~~ *u+q*# ~fifiO
21. fl O^
22. #H` q+ e`
23. ~fi~ KOkH
24. ~ÔÒKOQQ}ÒK_OZ?
25. ^$HÔÒKOQQ}Ò K_OZ?
26. P~ x~O
27. *`H Q}` "tH
28. *u+=~kx
29. *u+ fl`~=
30.=~O x~~OK_OZ?
31.*`H =H~OÔ
32.*u+ ~fiu
33.g[##H q
34.=~ q*# ~O
35.*u+ fiOkx
36.=~ t~=}
37.#H` =O[i
- 11 -
9900
25000
25000
10000
20000
9900
4500
9900
15000
15000
4500
5000
5000
5000
5000
3600
3600
3600
3600
3600
3600
3600
38.OKOQO K q^#O
39.~fi~ *u+O
40.^qH *u+O
41.#=~`fl= Q=
42.<
43.~Me`
44.OY q+`
45.=~ nH
46.@=K e`
47. H e`
48. *`H KHO "_O Z?
49. =#Qi (p#*u+QOÔ)
KNx"~=
50. *u+G z\
51. Q à OKOQO(19402050)
52. flKO_fi~"
53. ^fi^= KOkH
54. *`HKHO g~ "H=K
55. *u+ `Q~`fl=o
(#~Qe`)
56. JOQ=kHO
57. =kHO
- 12 -
3600
3600
3600
3600
2500
3600
3600
9900
2500
2500
3600
25000
10800
99900
5000
25000
3600
10800
3600
4000
58. H`
59. #GO
60. P^xHflGO
61. ~~*u+ fl*u+O
62. J+H=~
63. |$`*`HO (p#uH#~^})
64. Qfl~`flH~O
65. +@OKtH
66. 40 ~A *u+O<~H#O_
67. 40 ~A =kHO<~H#O_
68. 40 ~A OMGO
69. 40 ~A #H` (<_) e`=
70. 40 ~A "^*u+O <~HO_
71.g \#`n J^`~
#=~r ~ Q_
72. H..*u+O (iKO)
73. =~zO`=}
74. ~KO^ Q}=
75.^= *`H ("~HO_)
76.J^$+~"_
77.QOK~ x~nH
78.*u+ ~q_
- 13 -
9900
8000
12000
15000
5000
20000
4500
12000
27000
15000
15000
27000
25000
27000
20000
5000
9900
5000
15000
12000
5000
30000
79.*`H=~O_O ùH
^`Ô(HO_e)
25000
80.*u+q^HtH ùH
^`Ô(HO_e)
25000
81.<_*u+O
5000
82.Q~O g Q|O ~q_
25000
83.#Hì*Ò (Q~g~^K~)
5000
84.Qfli*Ò (Q~g~^K~)
5000
85.Q`=O`
5000
86.~~`fl=
5000
87.*`H =}=O[i
20000
88.+~ OKOQO
54000
89.^H x~O
25000
90.qO` *+=
5000
91._=~
20000
92105.~q/KO^/[/|^/Q~/H/x/~H`
#=Q= XHH HO
9900
93. =~=~O_O
5000
94. *`HO
5000
95. *`HOH~=
5000
99107. "k g#O12 Qfl
XHH QflO QOÔ
9900
- 14 -
108. <~^ O`
109. OKOQiHdHQ}Ò
110. `~|O KO^|O ("~ HO_)
111. Qfl ^# (z`Q~=iQ)
112. ~=GO
113. =~ ~`fl=o
a.q.~=< Qi QO^=
114. *u+ q^~OO
115. Q= |=
116. HKH^
117. J#= fl*u+O
118. *u+GO "`=~} HO
119. ~Qq *`HO
120. "~~`flH~O
121. ~f*u+ ~fifiO
122. J+H=~ û
123. *u+GO O^,=^<
124. flÒ`
125. =~O
126. qt+ *`H=
127. ~fe`*u+O
128. 300 =Y"# Q=
- 15 -
20000
25000
9900
20000
10800
25000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
7500
7500
7500
7500
7500
7500
12500
12500
12500
129. *`HOijeOK_OZ ?
30000
~Ru J"~Q`, ==^, "Ku
N =^~H$+=iQi QO^=
130. |$`~~~G=1
131. |$`~~~G=2
132. |$`~~~G=3
133. |$`~~~G=4
134. "~~`flH~=
135. =~ zO`=}
136. =~ zO`=}~2
137. fifl G=
138. `Q=O[i
139. =`x~H=e
140. ^=[=O
141. =O`~[#" (ZO.P~.q.~)
142. L< q^#= (ZO.P~.q.~)
143. "Gq"H=1
144. "Gq"H=2
145. "Gq"H=3
146. "Gq"H=4
147. J#=" 1
148. J#=" 2
- 16 -
20000
20000
20000
20000
10000
10000
20000
5000
3300
16500
7500
25000
9900
5000
20000
5000
20000
5000
10000
5. "
1. 40 ~A ''"q^ <~H#O_
2. "G ~= (O_)
3. "#|\ g W
4. g~ g "
5. Q$" z\
6. " [
7. " `=
8. "G ~
9. Q$" =~
10.qfiH~" Gs` g WO\ #
11.qfiH~ "Gs` gWO_P=
12.qfiH~ " GO(z`Q~=iQ)
13.P^xH Q$"
14."
15."O` ~`fl=o
16."GO
17. #
18.Q$"~O
19.Q$" KOkH
20.Q$" ^~}O
21.*u+Q$"KOkH
- 17 -
18000
10800
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
9900
5000
9900
18000
9900
27000
10800
12000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
22."~`flH~O (HO_e)
23."t~=}
,,
24.NH$+"
,,
25.OK" i*Ò
,,
26."_O_="
,,
27."Ôka
,,
28.qfiH~"HtH
29.H$+"G=
30.[","(ÔìO_s<^)
31.=" (Q~g~^K~)
32."*u
33."= "*q^#=
5000
5000
5000
10800
5000
10800
9900
5000
7500
12000
5400
10800
6. =O`
1. =O`^#
2. Ò`*O
3. =O`H
4. ^`` Ò`q^
5. ^`` =eHÒ`"
6. ÒuH OKOQO
7. H} ÒÒ
8. =O`## KOkH
9. ~fi^=` =O`H=K=
- 18 -
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
10.=O`H~~O(c*H~xO@=)
11.~fi^=` =O`~`fl=o
12.^K~ nH
13.yh"=Hfi~ÒÒ
14.OK~ÒÒ
15.|^xH Ò`"
16.Lz+ Q}u Ò`"
17.Q ^# ÒÒ
18.QO^~fi Ò`"
19.O^~i (=OÒ`~`fl=o)
20.O` =O` Ò`
21.` ÒÒ
22.OK^ =Y_ ÒÒ
23.~^^
24.=O`k
25.~~=Ò`"
26.Ne`q= OK^j
27.N Q~ ÒÒ
28.Qf Ò`"
29.eh^~ÒÒ (z#flk)
30.=H =O` Ò` ~
31.N ^~ Ò`"
- 19 -
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
5400
9900
9900
9900
10800
10800
10800
10800
10800
10000
15000
20000
32.==$Ò[J=$``"
33.~ (<Q)ÒÒ
34.=# ÒÒ
35._x`ÒÒ
36.HÒÒ
37.~^=ÒÒ
38.H;Òy~ Ò`"
39.~}eh Ò`"
40.=Òy~ Ò`"
41.N qfi~ Òy~ Ò`"
42.fi~H~}~=ÒÒ
43.HjqH ÒÒ
44.OuÒ`"
45.O`k
46.N H; Ò`"
47.=O`=^k (^=`H")
48.=O`=^k (~+^=`H")
49.=O`GO (QO^=)
50.Òy~H$`ÒÒ
51.H=^#= ÒÒ
52.eh^~ÒÒ
7. QO^ P~^#
- 20 -
20000
25000
25000
25000
25000
25000
25000
25000
25000
25000
25000
25000
25000
36000
36000
36000
36000
36000
36000
36000
36000
1. Q=n` H ``~ Ò
2. Q} P~^# 1
3. Q}# 2
4. #=Q"=O
5. #=Q ~"_
6. #=Q "Ô
7. xQ~^#
8. Pk`~^#
9. |}~^#
10.N t= P~^#
11.H; P~^#
12.#=^~^#
13.e`~^#
14.N KH~^#
15.Qf P~^#
16.g~^~^#
17.[Q~^#
18.~"~^#
19.^"~^#
20.w`~^#
21.N"OH>fi~^#
22.w"~^#
- 21 -
5400
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
23.H;#~O~^#
24.N u~O^s ` HÔ|O
25.^g b=$Ò
26.~}O_ O^~HO_ =K#O
27.~}O_ ~=}O
28.~}O_ ~Ò
29.~}O_ Q=Ò
30.(i) "bH ~=}O
31.H~ QO
32.x` rq`= ~^H
33.x` rq`= #=~`fl
34."^H=
35."=# ^~=$Ò
36.O_Q ~fik<
37.H~`fl
38.N PO[<O (Ki`==`)
39.#=Q ^~#"
40.x`rqÒ #=Q
41.Q==
42.Q~H == KO^H<_
43.xQ~q_
44.*`H^~=*`H"H^~x
- 22 -
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
21600
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
45.q" *u+=O[i
=~*=zOQQ_ (~Q}u~_)
46.g\#`nx|\ grq`~
(#=~r Q_) ,,
47.gJ^$xH (~) <"H~H<
48.=HOKf
49.OK="Ô =~Ò
50.^= _\ H"
51.Q}u+O
52.A~fi^ L##q"Q=O[i
53.#=Q
54.PO^^xîOK=# =Y^~
55.H^=`J`~(^k)
(180J`~`<==`)
56.H^=` <==
57.PûH H xk
58.} Q`,=~
59.~fi^=`fi~_ N "OH>fi~_
60.N H;xflk
61.NH; Q}u =HO
62.=~P~ (H~>,OQ<~HO_)
63.=lHQ_
- 23 -
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
9900
64.K^~OQO
65.OK=Y #=` "=O
66.Q~_~}O
67.=~}O
68.t=~}O
69."Y~}O
70.Hi =~}O
71.Hi t=~}O
72.Hi "Y~}O
73.HsH ~}O
74.HsH ~}O (z#flk)
75.~fiH~kH ~=}~}
76.^tH
77.Qf ==
78.=` O` ==
79.=$H^=`
80. A+ ~ O~ KOkH
81.<`#"kH }~Q=H"
82.K`~fi^=
83.#=Q~^#
84.`` =~ Q~O
85.=#^~ GO (=K#O...)
- 24 -
9900
5400
4000
3000
3000
3000
5400
5400
5400
3000
2500
5000
4000
3600
5000
5000
15000
15000
14400
14400
14400
14400
86."^=O` O`
87.eOQ~#
88.N t=w`
89.^fi^Lx+`
90.~}O_"i O^~i
(H``~` q"Y`)
100. |$` t= ` ~`flH~=
101. |$` ^g `~`flH~=
102. |$` q+ `~`flH~=
103. H^~<^ |^s<^ `Q_
104. ^H}=$` OY=
105. 108 k=^ q+H`^~x
106. ^~O^=
107. ~f =H``îx
108. zi rKi`
109. Q=ù
110. ~#
111. <`# O^PK~==~
112. HjYO_O
113. Jfih^=`
14400
14400
14400
14400
25000
21600
21600
21600
4000
5000
3600
27000
10800
3600
...
3600
...
25000
21600
8. "^ QO^
1. P~O P~QO
3600
- 25 -
2. =eH"^ z\
3600
3. P~fi^ "^ z\
2500
4. P~fi^ "Ô
3600
5. Q$"^ ~
3600
6. Q$"^~O
3600
7. q"Ô (^fi^=}zH`)
5400
8. H$u"Ô
3600
9. P~O"Ô
9900
10.O~ P~fi^z\ "Ô
9900
11.P~fi^"
3600
12.P~fi^ =eH"^nH
9900
13.Ô~, P~, HQ~
"_HO LQ
9900
14.<@"Ô (H O_OQ)
36000
15.UH=eH"Ô
9900
16.JOQ $Ô(4Q)
120000
17.~^Q"^~"
9900
18.^qH q"Ô
9900
19.X\
9900
20.Q_
9900
21.P~fiÔr=#"Ô
9900
22._^~
9900
- 26 -
23.<K~^~
24.O~P~QxH 20xII
25.H<C g =`...
26.Q=O`
27.Q O_ @ =O_
28.~ "_<@_
29.
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H@Q=O, J[O` @ Z^@,
~[=O_. < : (0883) 246 25 65
Cell : 903 246 25 65
From :
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MOHAN PUBLICATIONS
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తెలుగు అక్షరమాల,Telugu Aksharamala

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తెలుగు అక్షరమాల,Telugu Aksharamala

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`Q =~=

Telugu Learning Kit

The Module-1, Telugu Varnamala,

(# = O Sunna) (J~ # = Arasunna) (q~ = - Visarga)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

'[ Q}O`= (ja Gunintamu)

'~ Q}O`= (jha Gunintamu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

VOTTULU for ka consonant

VOTTULU for kha consonant

VOTTULU for ga consonant

VOTTULU for gha consonant

VOTTULU for ca consonant

VOTTULU for cha consonant

VOTTULU for ja consonant

VOTTULU for jha consonant

VOTTULU for tha

VOTTULU for dha