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#2003 The Japan Institute of Metals
EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE
1.
Introduction
and ultrasonic13) methods are currently used for nondestructive evaluation of structures. Electrical resistivity method,
which was widely used for evaluating material properties like
precipitation behavior,1418) has recently been applied in the
eld of non-destructive evaluation of structure.10,11) Maeda
et al.11) reported a decrease in electrical resistivity in
thermally aged stainless steel. Although some researchers10,11) have reported changes of electrical resistivity in the
degraded structure, the correlation between electrical resistivity and microstructural changes in the thermally degraded
materials is lacking.
An attempt was made to evaluate nondestructively the
thermally degraded 2.25Cr1Mo steel by electrical resistivity
measurement in this investigation. Especially, the correlations among microstructural changes (depletion of solute
Mo), mechanical property (DBTT) and electrical resistivity
were investigated.
2.
Experimental
Cr
Mo
Si
Ni
Mn
Al
mass% bal. 0.138 2.27 0.97 0.142 0.17 0.46 0.007 0.014 0.004
1205
2.2
tanh
Y
1
2
2
Tb
where, Y, P1 , P2 , Ta , Tb , T are absorbed energy (J/m2 ), upper
shelf energy, lower shelf energy, DBTT ( C), constant, and
test temperature ( C), respectively.
0.70
0.65
Our result
Wada & Biss(ref. 4)
2.25Cr-1Mo steel
500oC - 570oC, 100,000 hr
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Aging Time, t / h
Fig. 2 Change of the amount of dissolved Mo in the matrix with aging
time.
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20
Temperature, T / oC
-30
275
-32
270
-34
DBTT, T / oC
(b)
40
(d)
(c)
20
M 23 C 6
M 6C
M 2C
M 3C
Intensity(arbitrary unit)
as-received
340 hr
730 hr
1500 hr
4800 hr
265
-36
260
-38
DBTT
Electrical resistivity
-40
255
250
-42
245
-44
(a)
240
-46
35
40
45
50
55
2
Fig. 3 X-ray diraction patterns for the electrolytically extracted carbides
after various aging times: (a) as-received, (b) 290 h, (c) 730 h, (d) 3700 h.
-48
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Electrical Resistivity, / nm
1206
235
5000
Aging Time, t / h
Fig. 5
3.2
Electrical Resistivity, / nm
275
270
265
: electrical resistivity
%Mo: amount of dissolved Mo
255
250
245
240
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
-32
-34
-36
-38
-40
-42
-44
-46
-48
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
Electrical Resistivity, / nm
Fig. 7 Correlation between electrical resistivity and DBTT.
260
235
0.2
-30
DBTT, T / oC
1207
1208