Problem 1 The water surface shown in Figure 4-01 is 6 m above the datum.

The
pipe is 150 mm in diameter and the total loss of head between point (1) in the
water surface and point (5) in the jet is 3 m. Determine the velocity of flow in the
pipe and the discharge Q

Problem 2
From Figure 4-01, the following head losses are known: From (1) to (2), 0 m; from
(2) to (3), 0.60 m; from (3) to (4), 2.1 m; from (4) to (5), 0.3 m. Make a table
showing elevation head, velocity head, pressure head, and total head at each of
the five points. How high above the center of the pipe will water stands in the
piezometer tubes (3) and (4)?

Problem 3 A 300-mm pipe is connected by a reducer to a 100-mm pipe. See

Figure 4-02. Points 1 and 2 are at the same elevation, the pressure at 1 is 200
kPa. The discharge Q is 30 liters per second flowing from 1 to 2 and the energy
lost from 1 to 2 is equivalent to 20 kPa. Compute the pressure at 2 if the liquid is
water. Compute the pressure at 2 if the liquid is oil (sp gr = 0.80). Compute the
pressure at 2 if the liquid is molasses (sp gr = 1.5).

Problem 4 In Figure 4-02, with 15 L/s of water flowing from 1 to 2 the pressure at
1 is 100 kPa and at 2 is 70 kPa. Compute the loss of head between 1 and 2.

Problem 5 With 30 L/s of water flowing in Figure 4-02, what pressure must be
maintained at 1 if the pressure at 2 is to be 70 kPa and the loss of head between
1 and 2 is 5 percent of the difference in pressure head at 1 and 2.
Problem 6 As shown in Figure 4-03, the smaller pipe is cut off a short distance
past the reducer so that the jet springs free into the air. Compute the pressure at
1 if Q = 5 cfs of water. D1 = 12 inches and D2 = 4 inches. Assume that the jet
has the diameter D2, that the pressure in the jet is atmospheric and that the loss
of head from point 1 to point 2 is 5 ft of water.

Problem 7 Compute the velocity head of the jet in Figure 4-03 if D1 = 75 mm, D2
= 25 mm, the pressure head at 1 is 30 m of the liquid flowing, and the lost head
between points 1 and 2 is 5 percent of the velocity head at point 2.
Problem 8
In Figure 4-04, with 35 L/s of sea water (sp gr 1.03) flowing from 1 to 2, the
pressure at 1 is 100 kPa and at 2 is -15 kPa. Point 2 is 6 m higher than point 1.
Compute the lost energy in kPa between 1 and 2.

Problem 9 The diameter of a pipe carrying water changes gradually from 150
mm at A to 450 mm at B. A is 4.5 m lower than B. What will be the difference in
pressure, in kPa, between A and B, when 0.176 m3/s is flowing, loss of energy is
being neglected.
Problem 10 The diameter of a pipe carrying water changes gradually from 150
mm at A to 450 mm at B. A is 4.5 m lower than B. If the pressure at A is 70 kPa
and that B is 50 kPa, when 140 L/s is flowing. (a) Determine the direction of flow.
(b) Find the frictional loss between the two points.

Problem 11

A horizontal pipe carries 30 cfs of water. At A the diameter is 18 in. and the
pressure is 10 psi. At B the diameter is 36 in. and the pressure is 10.9 psi.
Determine the head lost between the two points.

Problem 12 In Figure 4-04, a 50 mm pipeline leads downhill from a reservoir and

discharges into air. If the loss of head between A and B is 44.2 m, compute the
discharge.

Problem 13 The 150-mm pipe line shown in Figure 4-05 conducts water from the
reservoir and discharge at a lower elevation through a nozzle which has a
discharge diameter of 50 mm. The water surface in the reservoir 1 is at elevation
30 m, the pipe intake 2 and 3 at elevation 25 m and the nozzle 4 and 5 at
elevation 0. The head losses are: from 1 to 2, 0; from 2 to 3, 0.6 m; from 3 to 4, 9
m; from 4 to 5, 3 m. Compute the discharge and make a table showing elevation
head, pressure head, and total head at each of the five points.

Problem 14 Water discharges through an orifice in the side of a large tank shown
in Figure 4-06. The orifice is circular in cross section and 50 mm in diameter. The
jet is the same diameter as the orifice. The liquid is water, and the surface
elevation is maintained at a height h of 3.8 m above the center of the jet.
Compute the discharge: (a) neglecting loss of head; (b) considering the loss of
head to be 10 percent of h.

Problem 15 A pump (Figure 4-07) takes water from a 200-mm suction pipe and
delivers it to a 150-mm discharge pipe in which the velocity is 2.5 m/s. At A in
the suction pipe, the pressure is -40 kPa. At B in the discharge pipe, which is 2.5
m above A, the pressure is 410 kPa. What horsepower would have to be applied
by the pump if there were no frictional losses?

Problem 16 A pump (Figure 4-07) takes water from a 200-mm suction pipe and
delivers it to a 150-mm discharge pipe in which the velocity is 3.6 m/s. The
pressure is -35 kPa at A in the suction pipe. The 150-mm pipe discharges
horizontally into air at C. To what height h above B can the water be raised if B is
1.8 m above A and 20 hp is delivered to the pump? Assume that the pump
operates at 70 percent efficiency and that the frictional loss in the pipe between
A and C is 3 m.
Problem 17 In Figure 4-08 is shown a siphon discharging water from reservoir A
into the air at B. Distance 'a' is 1.8 m, 'b' is 6 m, and the diameter is 150 mm
throughout. If there is a frictional loss of 1.5 m between A and the summit, and
1.5 m between the summit and B, what is the absolute pressure at the summit in
kiloPascal? Also determine the rate of discharge in cubic meter per second and in
gallons per minute.

Problem 18 Figure 4-09 shows a siphon discharging oil (sp gr 0.90). The siphon is
composed of 3-in. pipe from A to B followed by 4-in. pipe from B to the open
discharge at C. The head losses are from 1 to 2, 1.1 ft; from 2 to 3, 0.7 ft; from 3
to 4, 2.5 ft. Compute the discharge, and make table of heads at point 1, 2, 3, and
4.

Problem 19 A pump draws water from reservoir A and lifts it to reservoir B as

shown in Figure 4-10. The loss of head from A to 1 is 3 times the velocity head in
the 150-mm pipe and the loss of head from 2 to B is 20 times the velocity head
in the 100-mm pipe. Compute the horsepower output of the pump and the
pressure heads at 1 and 2 when the discharge is: (a) 12 L/s; (b) 36 L/s.

Problem 20
The 600-mm pipe shown in Figure 4-11 conducts water from reservoir A to a
pressure turbine, which discharges through another 600-mm pipe into tailrace B.
The loss of head from A to 1 is 5 times the velocity head in the pipe and the loss
of head from 2 to B is 0.2 times the velocity head in the pipe. If the discharge is
700 L/s, what power is being given up by the water to the turbine and what are
the pressure heads at 1 and 2?