"'!

E
!.

lrEua.{6 r'

'r

''

.*.

{.
F***----- - ; !

IILU

to

vuruAN(chobi6nt

i:'tnlrrrtr
r-E

HAo -'sAorueircruEr,'r

vAu rrEru-vU

vtfr

vEru

\A

BAI TAP
A2

DAI
,r2 SO
VAGIAI TICFI

1t
NHA

xuAr efui otAo Duc

uAnl s6 LUqNG clAc

PHUONG TRiNH LUONG GIAC

gl. Hdm s6lugng gi6c

KIfN THUC CAN NH6

^.
1.

Him sd sln
Him sd ) = sin "r c6 tep xdc dinh li

vi

]R

-1 < sin -r ( 1, Vx e lR..

) = sinx li hdm sd 16.

) = sinx lA hem sd tuen hoin v6i chu ki 2n.
Him s6 ),, = sinx nhin c6c gi6 tri

bict

dac

o sinx = 0 khi -r = kn, k eV,.

o sinx =

I khi x = !2

sinx=-l

eZ.

+ k2n. k

khi x = -!+ k2t,k eZ.

2

Dd thi him s6 y

s;rr, 1r.r,

'

Hinh

2. Himsdc6sin

y = cos,

lI hirn sd ch6n.

y = cos,

li

him

s6 tudn

hoin v6i chu ki 2r.

Htrm s6 ), = cos.r nhln cdcgi{

cosr = 0 khi x

.
.

cosr =

khi

"r

=!

,2

ffi d4c bigt :

+ *n. k e Z.

= kZn, k e Z.

khi x = (2k +l)r, k eZ.

D6 thi hem s6 y = gs5, 19.2; '
cos.r =

-t

HtnL2

3. Him sdtang
Hdm sd )l = tanr

'

- lrna
cos -r

s6 tlp x6c dinh

D=lR\
y=

tan

ff***,k.2\.

i li hirn s6 16.

= tanx lh him

HAm s6

) = P,

56 tudn

hoin vfi chu k)

r.

nhin c6c gi6 tri ttlc biOt

.tanr=0khix=kn,keZ.
4

Ii

tanx

ranr =

-t

khi .r.=

-l

f,+

kn,

r, :!j :tl

k e Z.

.,i .'i

khi x = -f,+ kn, k e Z.

Dd thi hem s6 y = t115 19.31 '

Htnh 3
,rJ 1'!,!.: .."

1,.. :.,. 1ii:t i;;; r

;,

1. Htm sdc6tang

Him sd )' = cot.r = 9I s6 1np x6c dinh ta

sin -x

D=R\{kr,kezl':'
y=c.(tr lihems6IC.
y = cotr lI Airn b6'tu&r

hbtrn vdi Ehu kl

t:

Hlm sd y = e9t+ nhin c6c gi6 tri <$c biQt;

:
.

coi,

cor.x =

0 khi

=.n!,+

I khi x= 4+
4

ka k e ?.,,
kn,

. - :.i

'

-;!

..".;;l

r,'

keZ.
' .,:

.ti,

..:

Dd thi hem s6 y = ss1, 1H.4; '

Hinh 4

B. VI DU

oVidul
Tim tep xdc dinh cira cdc hi,rn s6

_2
b)y=cos;i

a)Y=sin3x;

c)y=cosG;

a)

Dit, =3x, ta<tuqrchims6 y =sinr

t

reR<+ * = j .lR
b)Ta c6
D=

)2.
i

iOt4prec dinhliD=R,M4tkh6c,

n0n mp x6c tlinh cfia

him sd y = 5i13,

11

U <+x+0. Vay qp x6c dinhcriahiun sd

p'

y=gst:

ln

R\ l0I.

c) Ta c6

Ji

D = [0; +o).

e R <+ i > 0. V4y t4p x6c dinh ctra him sd y = gstl] le

d) Ta c6

<+--l<.r(1.
VAy tAp x6c dinh cfia hdm.d

.inp

leD=[-l;1).

Vi,tly 2
Tim tap x6c tlinh cua c6c him sd

a) v

tt

=-:2 cos -r

cot.r

Y -'--------------- .
cos
I

-r

Gitii
a)Himsd

t =*

x6c{nhkhivnchililicos.r +Otuy

li
l*
D = lR \
\)+

x.*|+kn,keZ.

V4y tip x6c tlinh c0a him sd

b) Hrm sd

rr, r ezJ.

, = *,(r, - f) .e. ai* Uri vi chl khi zx -f, * kn, k e z

.
, i,
,

.:.

hay

v4y t4p xdc tlinh cria him ,6 y =

x*i-oi,keZ.
"o1(2*- *')

tu

(n
-rn , -r\
D=]R\\r+xTreuy
c) Him s6

#i

x6c dinh

* {:H:: - ii},ir."
{::
7

Tap {kZn, k e

Z\ h

ch6n). Vay tap

xic dinh c&a him s6 -I9!

t4p con cfia tap {*n, k e

Z}

(frrllc

vfii cdc gil, ti k

x-' p

D=lR.\{tcn,*eZ}.
d) Bidu thric
cos.r

* -1.

hims6y=

luon khdng im

H+?

Vay ta phei c6 x + (2k

vi

n6 c6 ngtiia khi cosx +

+l)tt, k e

I * Q hay

7,, do d6 tap x6c tlinh c0a

-lr

sinx + 2

**r+t+l

D = lR\ l{z*+t)n,tc

ezl.

Tim gi6 tri l6n nhdt vA gi6 tri nh6 nhdt cira cdc hi,rn sd :

b)y=:-4sin2rcos2r;

a)Y=2+3cosr;
x
c)y= I + 4cos2
:

d))=2sin2x-cos2x.

Gidi

-3S 3cosx <3, dod6 -1 <2+3cosx (5.

Vay gir{ tri l6n nhdt c$a him s6li 5, dat duo. c khi cosr = I
a)Vi -1 < cosx< I

nn

o x=2kn,keZ.
Gi6

t!

nh6 nh{t cria him

s6li -1,

dat duoc

khi cosx =

-l

e x=(2k+l)n,keZ.
b) y =:-4sin2.rcos2x =
Ta c6 0

<

sin2

2x <

V?y 2<y<3.

(2sinrcos x)2

ncn -1 < -sin2 2x < 0.

=3-

sir22x.

Gi6 tri nh6 nhdt cira him s6

<+ sin2x =

+l

<+

li

3, ttet tlugc

<+ sin2x =O

o<

"os2,

<

nen

ci6trinh6nhdtcirayfa
ci6 tri l6n nhdt

2, <I4t duo. c

khi

sn22x

=l

2x=_2+k2tt,keZe
x=rl+ kn,keZ.
24

Gi6 td l6n nhdt cia y

c)

li

cria

+
1

f,
5

h i,

cosx = 11

khi sin2'2r = 0

2x = hr, k e Z

*$, * e Z.

x=

='*o;"J' . ;.
A+tdugckhi cosr =0
aat dugc

khi

cos2

o *=;+kn, keZ.

x=I

e x=kn, keZ.

d) y = 2sn2 x-cos2x=l-2cos2x

Vi -1 <
do d6

cos2x

1l

nOn

-2 < -2cos2x < 2,

-l <l-2cos2x <3.
li -1, det dugc khi cos2.r = I
<+ 2x=2kn, k eZ a x=kn,keZ.

Gi6 td nh6 nhdt cta y

Gi6 fii

l&

nh{t cilay

li

3, d4t duqrc

khi cos2.r = -1

e 2t = (2k + l)n, k eZ o,

= *2

kn,

k e Z.

oVidu4
Xfc dinh tinh chdn, 16 cia

I + cosx

/ - 1-cosx'

a)Y=xcos3-r;
c)

= x3 stn2x

cdc hdm sd

.r3

- sinr

ci:s2x

Giii
a)

Ki hiQu /(x) = xcos3x. Him

Ta c6

sd c6 tf;p xdc dinh

lR.

v6i.r e D thi -.r e D vi

f(-x) = (-x)cos3(-x) = -xcos3x = -f (x).

V4Y Y = xcos3x
b) Bidu thrlc

/(r)

lihhm
=

s6 l.

x6c <tinh khi

i:##

cos-r

*I

<+

Ycnx

e Dthi -x
di

Oo AO mrn sd

e D vn
cho

f(x)

= f(x).

ll him s6 ch6n.

,f(-x) = (-r)3
=

x3 sin

d) Bidu thrlc

2x li

sin

|+

D.Tac6

hd'rn s6 chdn.

-x

2(-x) = a3 sia2l = f(x).

-3 - ":- .
1co#:
/(r)

2x

la D = tR rlz*r,,* ev.,l.

if#H

c) Tip xic <tinh D = IR, do tl6 v1r x e D thi

vi chi khi

x*2kx,kez.

vAyt4px6cdinhcriahim s6 y =

VaY

D=

c6 nghia khi vh chi khi cos2x + 0

*u k e Z e x * f, + *1, * e z.

VAy qp xric dinh cria hlm s6 ld

D=rR\li,-o1,r."\.
V6i

x e D thi -r e D vi f(-x)

x3 -sinx .-..
y=ffilihdmsdt6.

t0

=+#

= -l@), do <16 him sd

r".!E*_-!?-r

Vi du.s
a) Chrtng minh

ring

vc <Idthi him s6 y =

b) Drla vio

<td

"orlt,
cos;

thi hnm sd y

= cssl vd moi sd nguyen /<. Tt

akn)

i16

cost.hny

vE dd

thi hdm sd

, = l"*;l

Giii
a) Ta c6

sd y
'2=

"o.jt,

sssl

* +trl

= cos({

+z**)=cosf

tudn hoin vdi chu ki 4n.

vQy ta

va moi

e z. do d6 h}un

chi cdn vE dd thi cria him sd

y = .or* Een mol doan c6 d6 ddi 4n, rdi tinh tidn song song v6rt.rtc Ox cdc
'2
doan c6 dO diri 4n ta

Hon nila,

sE duo.

c dd thi hdm sd

y = cos*.
,2

d f = cosj ltr him sri chdn, nn ta chi cAn vE dd thi him s6.<16

Een doan L0 ; 2nl rdi

tren do?n l-2x:2n1.
D6 thi hem sd

duo. c

l{y ddi xfng

qua tluc tung, sE duoc tl6 thi

him

sd

bidu di6n tren hinh 5.

Htnh 5
11

'.r--:=.

(x

.1""i;'u' "o'f
b) ra c6
l"*;l
t Lt=

>o

[-"q.i,ndu "or]
Vi vty, tt dd thi ham s6 y = sss
phfa trn truc hoinh

vi

< o.

ta gitr nguyn nhftrg phdn <Id thi nim

l6y ddi xfng qua tntc holnh nhftrg phdn dd thi nlm

phia dudi trsc holnh, ta duo.c dd thi hlun sd

, = l"*fl

O.Ul.

Hinh 6

c. 8A rAP
1.1. Tim tep xec dinh cia cdc him sd

n) -y =

2x

cos---:
-r-l

x
-,
b))=tuT;

c)Y=cot2x;

<l)

I
sln-;-.
x'-l

1.2. Tim tQp xdc dinh cria c6c hlm sd

a)

) =.Fo;;J

b))=--

sln- ,r

c)y= cos 2cos J-r

- =
_x

cos-

d))=tant+cotx.
-

1.3. Tim gi6 tri l6n nhdt va gi6 tri nh6 nhdt cta cdc him s6

a) y =

t2

3-2lsinxl

b) y = cosr.

*.(r - i)

.!l!trf.:-

c)

) = cos2 x + 2cos2x;

d) y

G- z*J r.irf ;.

1,4, Vdi nhilng gi6 tri nio cira ,r, ta c6 m6i ding

.)l=cotxi
tan x

b)

l+cot2x;

-, -+-=
")
sin2 r

cos2-r
a).y=:7;

")

thfc

.
---1
l+ tan,x

d) tanx

1.5. X6c dinh tinh chdn 16 cira c6c

'*3,@!.r}@

sau

=cos2x

*"ot*=-2-.
'
sin 2x

him sd

b)y=x-sinx;

y=Jt-"or, :

d)

)=l+.orr.inl,lI
'\ z-zr).
'^)'

1.6. a) Chrlng minh rang cos2(-r + kn) = s6t2r, k e Z. Tir d6 vE dd thi him sd

.I = cos2x'
b)

Tt

dd thi him sd y

= cos}x, h6y vE dd thi him sd y = lcos2.rl.

1.7.HAy ve dd thi cria ci{c him s6

a)

c)
1.8.

y=l+sinx;
(r.\(n)

) =srn[r-JJ;

Hiy
a)

b)

vA <Id

Y=cosr-l

d) Y =cosl\.r+
6r.

thi cria c6c him s6

(n).(n)

) = ranl-r+a]:

b)

S2. Phuong trinh tuqng

) =cot[x- 6J.

gi6c co b6n

A. KIfN rx0c cAu uH6

1.

Phrrdng trinh sinr =

(l)

lal >

phuorg trinh

(f )
vd nghim.
13

lol S : goi a
c6c nghim

li

li

cung

thoi mdn sina = a. Khi d6 phuong trinh (1) c6

x= a + kZn,

vi

x=

keZ

tt-d+k21t, keZ.,

-i= " < f vi sina = a thi tavi6t a = arcsind.

Khi d6 c6c nghiQm cfia phuong tinh (1) li
.
x = arcsina+ k2r,
k eV.,
Ndu athoAmdnttidukiQn

vi r=n Phuong trlnh sin.r =

sin/o

a= p"

vi
ChU

2.

Phudng trinh cmr =

lal

lrl <

>

k2n, keZ.
li

c6 cdc nghiQm

+k3@o,

x=1800 - Bo

r. frong

arcsina +

keZ

- k36}o. keZ.

m-6t c6ng thrrc nghi6m, kh6ng dr-t c dung d6ng thdi hai

: phuong

:, goi
c6c nghi0m

li

(bn vi d6 va radian.

l2l

trinh (2) vo nghiem.

ald cung thoi min cosa = a. Khi d6 phuong trinh (2) c6

x=+a+k2n,keZ,
Ndu athoi mdn didu kiQn 0 < a < n vi cosc., = a thi ta vidt
Khi tl6 nghiQm cria phucmg tdnh (2) li
.x

Phuong trinh cosx =

= +arccosd'+ k2n, k

<2.

cos/o c6 cdc nghim

li

x=lfo+k3ffio,keZ.
t4

a = arccosa.

3.

Phudng trinh tan.r = a

(3)

(3), r *

|* kn, k e Z.
<
Ndu a tlroi m6n diCu ki-.n -I .
fi t:rr.rz = a thi ta vidt a = arctar,a.
" |
Lric d6 nghim cira phuong trinh (3) li
Didu kiQn cfiaphucmg trinh

x=arctana+kn,keZ.
Phucrng

4.

fo c6 cdc nghiOm li
,=0o+kl$Oo,keV,.

tdnh tanx =

tan

Phuong trinh cotr = a

(4)

Dirr ki6rr ctra phuong trinh (4)

ll, x * kn, k e Z.

Ndu athoi mdn didu kin 0< a <* vd @td

Lric tl6 nghiQm cria phuong trinh (4) le

Phuong

trinh

cot x

=arccota

cot

fo

=a

thi ta vidt d

atccoto.

+ki' keZ'

c6 cdc nghiOm

li

x7f+klt0",keZ.
B. Vr DU

Giii

c6c phuong trinh

.Jir
a)srnx=-7;
c) sin(x

- 60')

b)sm.r=Z;
I

=r l

d) sin2x =-1.

15

ciili

.(,r)
. J1<+ srn.x=..[-5.J.
snx=2
V{y

phucmg

tinh

c6 cdc nghiOm ltr

. x=-I+kztc,keZ
3
vi.

x=

4n
/r'\ l+kZtc = |+
r-l-+
J
\ J,/

b) Phuong trinh sinx

=,

c6 cic nghitm

k2tr, k

eZ.

li
:

.l
r=arcsin;+2kn,keZ
vd
.c) Ta c6

x = n -ur"rirl + kbn, k eZ.

,ir3O",
1=

ne,,

sin(x-600) =
|

<il

i: 'r' I :l , .1, ':r .i

[x-6oo =3ob

[x-60'

sin(r-60')

i klitr,

= 180o

30o

"

sin3go.

*.i

+ k3ff , k eZ

Vfy phuorg trtnh c6 cdc nghiQm li

vA x = 2l0o +k3(0o,

keZ.
''

d)Tac6
Phuong trinh:c6 nghr0. m,

li
2

hav

16

kr'

'=!!*4
,:
.l

. ii'l

keZ'

'''.*".-+!=-!@

Giii

c6c phuong tdnh

')

"o.(r, i)= +
c)cos(2.r+50"1 =|;

cos(x-2)=i:
'5

u)

(1

+ 2cos.r)(3

cosx) =

Q.

Gitii

n*-+="o.f;nen .o,(:, i)=

(-

<+ cosljx

3n
' n\
cos
4
6 )=

e3x-I=.++k2n,kez
e3x=Irf,^.k2n.kez

=#.k2n.kev.

_ l,=*-oT.
ez l,=-*.oT
fr, = -ff+kzn,k

.=[,
b) cos(x

")

-r) =?

keZ
,

F.z.

a x -2= *u.""o*t + k2n, k eZ

e x=2t-".o.1 +k2n, keV,.

vt + = cos60o non
cos(2r+SO-)=i

<+ cos(2x + 50o) =

ss5 69o

2x +50o = t60o +

k360o

,keZ

lLx = -50" + @" + k360", k e Z

<+l
[2x = -50o -ff + k3fi",k e?'
[x=f+ klS}o,keZ

<]t

[x=-55o +kl$Oo.keZ.

2.

BrDaroTll- a

t7

d) Ta c6

(l + 2cos-r)(3 - cosr) = Q 6, [l+2cosx=o

o [*.,

13-cosx=0

Phuong trinh cosx =

-I

l*r,

-]

l.

c6 c6c nghim lh

e-'! 2n +k2n, keZ;

'-'T
cdn phuong trtnh cosr = 3 v0 nghigm.

YAy cilc nghiOm cria phuong trinh dd cho

li

2n
---!-'tk2n,keZ.
'-'T-

tVtdu3
Giii

c6c phuong trinh

at'tAtrzt =

tn!

b) rar(3.r

*t[+,-[)="6;

d)

30o) =

-$

(cot;!,X*,i

* r)

= o.

Gitiii
a)

tur1x=^T*2r=++kn,keZ
n L.k.?..
+ x=7+kZ.
t;

b) tan(3x

30") =

-+

<+ tan(3.r

30o) =

trn(-30')

3x -30" = -30o + kl80o, k e

?,

<+3r=klS0o.keZ
<+ x=k60o,

l8

keZ.
&

lTDrorr{.

-",irl@E

"r

o.*(0,-t) = *'f
"ot(+,-;)= J,
e +x-[=f+kn, k ez
a

d) Diu kiQn

4x

=!+

*n, k e

o, = #*

*!n,

*.

z.

: sin{ + 0 ve sin} + 0. Khi tl6 ta c6

("*i-,X*i
=l

*,)=

[",;-,=o= |["*i=,
,

l"ot|+r=o l*,f=-r

kr,kez l,=++.,n,kez
l;=,.
=l
=
G= -|o+

c6c gi6 tr! nay

tii6a.a,

Vay;liuc,ng uinh

cl6 cho

kn,

ez

l. = -|+

k2n, k

ez.

didu kiQn.
c6 c6c nghi0m

li

3n

,, = ; *.k3n, k"e Z

ve x=-[+k2rc,keZ.
rii-:

Giii

cdc phrrmg

a)'sin2,rcotx

rinh

=0;

b) tan(r

30o)cos(2r

- l50o) = 0 ;

c) (3tanx + .,6x2sin.r.- l) = 0.

\9

Gilii
a) Diu kiQn cria phuong
Itr sin x + 0.

trinh

sin 2x cot

r =0

I)

Ta bidn ddi phuong trinh dd cho

(i)

+
+
:)

2sinxcos.r.clsr = o
sln
-r

2 cos2

cos.r

.r = 0

=0

+ x =|+

kn,

k eZ.

Citc gi6 tr! niy thoi mdn didu ki0n cira phuong trinh. VAy nghim cta
phuong trinh lir

r=I*kn,keZ.
b) Diu kign cira phuong trinh
tan(x

li

cos(.x

30o)

30o)cos(2r

- l50o) = 0

(2)

0.

Ta bidn ddi phuorg trlnh dd cho

sin(x - 30o )
(2) = H.cos(2-r
cos(x - 30" )

1500) = 0

fsin(x-30o)=6
fx-30' =klS}o,keZ
-t
fcos(2x-1500) =0
[Zx-tSOo =*90o + icl600.k e?,
[x =30" +kl80o.k eZ
[x=30o + klS)o,k eZ
tt
+l2x=240" + k360", k eZ + lx = 120" + kl8}", k eV,
tt
l2x =6O0 +k3ffio,keZ
[x=30o +kl$O",k e7,.
=t

Khi thay vio didu kiQn cos(x - 30o) * 0, ta thdy gi6 tri x = 120" + &180o
kh6ng thoi mdn, cdn gi6 t4 x = 30o +tl80o thoi mdn. Viy nghim cira
phuong ninh di cho lh

x = 30o + k180", k eZ.

c) Didu kien cria phuong trinh

(3tanr +.6;1Zsin,

li
20

cosx

0. Ta c6

- l) = 0

(3)

t6

tanx =

(3) +l
ll

Lstnx

-- 3

=!+*tt, k ez

=[+

k2n, k

=ff

+ k2n, k

ez
eZ.

Cdc gi6 tri ndy tldu thoe rnAn didu kiQn cria phuong rrinh, trong d6 tap cdc

stdt'i {+ +k2n,k.z\ntapconcfia ttpc6cgi6,'i

(rlng v6i cdc gi6 t4 * ch6n).

Vay nghiQm cria phucmg trinh (3)

li

{T. rn,*ez\

- = ! * kn, k e Z

vi ,=#*

k2n,keZ.

V6i nhtng gi6 tri nio cta x thi gi6 tri cta c6c hi,rn sd tuong fng
nhau

sau bang

vi
) = sin3x
b) y =cos(2x+1) vi
a)

c)y=tan3x

, = ,in(, -;)

)=cos(r-2);

vi ,=r*(;-rr).
citii

Tru6c hdt, m0 r0ng cOng thfc nghiQm cira cdc phuorrg trinh luong gi6c co
bin, ta c6 c6c c6ng thtlc sau. Vdi u(x) vi v(-r) li hai bidu thric cirar thi

.
.
.

slnrr(-x) = srnv(x) <>

['1'; = '1'; + k2n' k ev'

Lu(x) = r-v(x)+ k2n, k eZ.
I

a u(x) = +v(x) + k2n, k eZ.

tan (.r) = tanv(r)
- u(x) -- v(x) + kn, k e Z.
o cotu(x) = cotv(x)
= u(x) -- v(x) + kn, k eZ.
cosa(x) = cosv("r)
u

21

Ap dqng cdc cong thrlc m& rQng niy cho c6c bi,i todn trong Vi du

a)

..

srn

J"r =

5,tac6:

=, +f,+ k2n,k ez
(
n)
.
fr,
srnl .r * -= I (3

"-'\^ 4/ -

[r,=,_(,*

i)+rczrc,*ez

=f,+k2n.kez

.. i,= [+kn,kez
+*l,rez.
Lo, =!+kzn.kez l,=*

c:}l1,.

V0y vdi

, = * * tn ho4c .

J = sin3x

vi- r

.(

= sin[x +

n\
o.J

ff * ti,

uins

sssla-2; e

b) cos(2x+1) =

Z th\ gi|tri ctra hai him sd

ntrau.

2x+

= +(x -2)+ k2n,k eZ

f2x+r = x -2+ k2n, k ez

l* = -'+ k2n'k ez
*!, *.2.
=
[z* * I = -x+ 2+ kzn, k ez
L,

Vfy vdi x = -3+ k2n

y = cos(2r + 1)

tan3r =

, =Lr* *!, f. Zthigi|tri cira hai him sd

hot.c

vi y.= cos(r - 2) bing

c)Didu kien : cos3r * o

*(;

"n

+.

nhau.

"*[J-rx)

+o. xrri ao

- z*)= z, = ! -z*

+ kn, k e

l+kn,te7,+ x=ft**!,r.2.
1t

=5x
C6c gi6 tri

VAy

vdi

niy thoi m6n di0u kin

,=?r*x!,*ez

, = ,*(3 - z,)
22

uine nt uu.

det ra.

th\

Eie

td

cfia hai

him sd )=tan3x

vh

."-EEEEF

2.1. GiAi c6c phuong trlnh

a) srnJ.r =

.
2,2.

c)

- 2

b)

sh(;+,0')=-;'

Gi r cfc

=*

at sinar =
3.

phuong trinh
I

a)cos(x+3)=i:
")

sin(2r- ts\

b)

"o.(2,.;) = -+ ,

cos(3.r

45o) =

J5 '
;2'

d) (2 + cos -r)(3 cos 2r

1) = 0.

23. GiAi cdc phuong tinh

a) tat(2x + 45o; = -1 '

/xr\n
cttul1-aJ=tan8

ur
I

2.4.Giin cdc phrrong trinh

sin3r

a)---:-'--'-==Ul
cos J,r - I

c) tan(2x + 60o)cos(x,+ 75q) - 0

cot(,.

*)

ri

'

-+

d)

cot(;. r")=

b)

coirl#cot(x'-l)

= O ;'

+ l)sin3x = 0.' '

2.5. Ttm nhfrng gid tri ctra, dC gi6 tri cria c6c hdm s6 tuong rlng sau bing nhau

.o.(2, -

ur

b)

) ='t"(3,

{) vi

, = *.(+

d)

(cot

-,)

.( n)
- J=srn[-r+6J;
va

-;)

"lr=*(r,.f) vtr , =,",(;-,) '

d)y=cot3x

vi r=""tG.i).

2.6.Giin cdc phuong trlnh

a) cos3r-sin2r
c) sin3x + sin5x =

=0;
0;

-l

b) tar,xtanzx =
;
d) cot2xcot3x = 7.
23

$3. Mot sd phuong trinh tuqng

gi6c thudng gip

A. KtgN rn0c cAr,r nn6

1.

Phudng trinh

bfc nhdt ddi v6i

mQt

him sd luqng giec

C6c phuong trinh dang at + b = 0 (a * 0), v6i r ld mQt trong c6c hhm sd
luong gir{c, ld nhfng phuong trinh bic nh0t d6i v6i mdt him sd lugng gi6c.

St dung cdc phdp bidn ddi luong gi6c, c6 thd dua nhiu phuong trinh luong
gi6c vd phuong trinh bflc nhdt tldi v6i mOt hdm s6 luong gi6c.
2. Phudng

trinh bQc hai ddi v6i mQt him sd luqng giSc

Cic phuong tinh dang at2 +bt +c =0 (a * 0), vdi , lir m6t trong c6c him sd
lugng gi6c, lir nhfing phuong trinh bQc hai ddi v6i m6t hirrn sd luorg gir{c.
C6 nhiu phuong trinh luong gi6c c6 thd dua vd phuong trinh bnc hai ddi
vdi mQt ham sd luong gidc bing c6c ph6p bi6n ddi lugng gi6c. Mot sd dang
chinh sE duo. c n6u trong vf dg.

3.

Phudng trinh b{c nndt ddi v6i

sinr va cosr

X6t phuong trinh

(l)

asin.r+bcosx=c,
Bidn ddi vd tr6i cria phucmg trinh (1) vd d4ng

asin.r + bcosx =
trons

d6 ,oro = -!,

ta dua phuong trinh

lugng gi6c.
24

"k *V ,ir1* * o1,

Jaz + b2

(i)

sina =

--!-,
,,1o2 + b2

vd phuong trinh bic nh{t <ldi vdi mOt him sd

B.

VI

DU

oVidul
Girii c6c phuong trinh
a) sin2r

- 2cos-r = 0 ;

c) tan2x -2tatrx

b) 8cos2.rsin2* cos4x =

=O;

d)

Ji

x+cos2x =2.

2cos2

citii
a) Ta c6
sin2;" -2cosx =

0<+ 2sinxcosr- 2cosx = 0

l.
<a
<>llcosx=o
r

2cosx(sinx

- l) = Q

=l+ktr'keZ

lsinx =

l_

=;_

k2n,k

ez.

,t \i * k2n, k e zl nqpcon cria tap \i.

n, t, ; z\.

Vay nghiQm cta phuong tdnh da cho ltr x =

+ kn, k e Z.

b) Ta c6

8cos2:sin2xcos4x =

Ji

<+ 4sin4xcos4.r =

rE

Ji e "inu =$
+k2n.kez
*[,= ]**i.*.2
<> [-,=+
+k2n.kev, L,=# +rf,.rez.
Lt,.=+
2sin8x =

VAy nghiQm cta phuong trinh

li

* = #,* *f,, r. z, vd x ={r+

c) Didu ki6n : cosZx .* 0 vi cosr + 0.

ri, r.

z.

Ta c6

tan2x -2tanx

=0

I *t)=o
o+
zt-*[
.
= | -lan" x
\l-tan'x )
+ 2tan3x=0 + tanx =0 + x = kn,k eZ.

2t-f

-Ztnrx=

25

niy thoi min diu kiQn cira phuong trinh.

Vfy nghiQm cira phuong trinh li .r = kn, k e Z.
C6c gid tr!
d) Ta c6

2cos'^lx + cos2x =

2e

I + 2cos2x = 2

c6c phuorg

a) cos3r
c)

cos2

r-

tl 6 + kn, k e Z.

ninh

cos4x + cosS.r = Q

sinl

cos2x =

;
<+ zx=tl+k2n,keZ+ x=tI+kn,kez.

VAy nghim cria phucmg trinh ld x =

Giii

r = sin3r + cos4x

b) sinTx

- sin3r = cos 5x ;

d).cos2x

cos.r

= Zsin2|

Gilii
a) cos3x

cos4x + cos 5r = 0 <+ cos 3.r + cos5x = cos4.r

<+ 2cos4xcosx = cos4x

<+ cos4r(2cosx

1) = 0

=f,+kn,kez

fcos4x=o
f+,
<+l
I <>l [cosx=, l,=tI+kzn.kez

ol

[r=i*
E *!-*ez,
4'
L'=ti

VAy phuong trinh c6 cdc nghiQm

x= fir+*j.lt

+k2rc'kez'

li

vi. x=Ii+k2t,ke7,.
L

b) Ta c6

sinTr

26

- sin3r -

cos5x =

<> 2cos5rsin2x - cos5x = 0

<+ cos5r(2sinZr - 1) = 0

'"4.,@_QRt

lcos5r = 0

l.inz,

*
=+

sx=l+kn,keZ
I

l*

=i+

k2n'k

ez

lr-=*+k2n,ke?,.
Vfly phuong trinh c6 cdc nghiem

, =#*

kn, k

li r = # + *[,

n_

* e Z ix=A+kn

eZ.

c) Ta c6

- sin2.r = sin 3.r + cos4x <> cos2x - cos4r - sin 3-r = 0

"os2,

<) -2sin3rsin(-x)-sin3r=0 e

sin3r(2sinx

1) = 6

.3x=kn,keZ

lsin3x = 0

* l. =,le
Lsmx

*=!*k2n.keV.
6

, =* * k2n,k eZ-

VAy c6c nghiQm c(ra phuong t{inh

l}

.=oi,keZ;x=f +kznra*=f + k2n,keZ.

d) Ta c6
cos

2x

- "or.* = 2rir'?
^/

s) -zsin!"n|-zsin2! =o

<) -z'-f('r"f +.i,f) = o *

.inf :o
e

sin

r =0

"orf

-zsin!.zsinx"orf

=o

!=*n,r.z
<>

=o

x=kn,keZ

l= l+ *n,* e z

lr = rT.r.z'
lr
<+ lr = kn,k eZ
L*=n +k2x,keZ.
27

Tfp {r + k2r, k e Z} li
V{y

t4p con cin tqp lkn, k e Zl

c6c nghim cfia phuorrg tdnh la

Giii

, = k+

vd x = kn, k e Z.

cdc phuong trinh

+ 2cos.r = 2-.1X
srn-

a\2cos22x+3sin2x=21

b)

c) 2-cos2 x = sin4x;

d) sinax+co.4, = -sm
2

cos 2-r

l^

-2

z"r.

r;un
a) Ta c6

2cos22x+ 3sin2x

=2

e 2cos22ra3.!-!9?
+

4cos2.2x- icos2r

-l

=z
lcos2x = I
= 0 <+

[*'= -i

t2x=kzn,keV,
<3

r, r"r".orl(-!\
-- t . z
4)+ *zn.
L=
lx = kr,k eZ
*..l = .;***(-;) + k ez.
l

kr,,

L.

Vly

li

c6c nghiQm cta phuong trinh

x=krc, k

ezvn

x=xlatc*'[-]).0" k ez.

b) Ta c6
cos2x + 2cosx = 2sin2

L
2

2cos2

x-l+2cos.r = t -cosr

e2cos2x+3cos.r-2=0
Icosx=-

el

Ir

fcosx = -2.
28

Phucnrg

ninh cosx =

-2

.l

vd nghiQm, cdn phuong rlnh

COS.r

= - c6 nghiQm
2

x=+I+k2n.keZ.
J

li

Vey nghim cfra phuong trinh

x=

r*

+ k2n, k e Z.

c) Ta c6

2 -cos2 x = sin4.r

e2-(l-sin2.r)
<+

= sin4.r

sin4.r-sin2x-1=0.

Det l = sin2.r, v6i tlidu ki6n 0

<,

Phuongtrinhniyc6hai nghim l,

<

1, ta

du-d. c

phucmg

=+,,

Vi ,l < 0, /2 > I nn hai gi6 tri nly kh6ng

Viy phuctng trinh dE cho v6 nghim.

trinh t2

-t-l=0.

=+

thoA m6n didu kign.

d) Ta c6

sin4x + cos4x =

lsin2.t

<> (sin2,r

o l -2."in'.2* = lsin2x e
42

cos2 x12

sin2 2x

-2sin2xcos2x = 1sin2-r
2-------

+ sii2x -

2=0

,..r lsin 2x = I
- lsin2x = -2.
Phuong trinh sin2x = -2 vO nghiQm, c6n phuong trinh sin2x = I
t

nshiOm 2x

keZ.
=!+k2rc.
2

Vay nghi0m cfia phuong trinh

li

x = I + kr, k e
4

7,.

Gi6i cdc phuong trinh

a) 3tanx+ JJcot-r

c) 2ttrtx + cot .r =

- r -.6
Zsin2x

=o

sin2

|
sin2x

2x

4cos2

c6

-.6 =0
Didu kiQn cria phuong trinh (1) li cos.r * 0 vi sinx * 0.
* l6"ot, -

a) 3tan.r

(1)

l;

'rr -l-.6
(l) = 3tanx+ tan.r
=

3tan2

- (: +.6)tan.r +.6

Iranx=t
l_14

=+l

=.0

[r=t*

kn.keZ

=;.
L,

kr.k ez.

.6 =l

L^.=t

=0

V|y

Cdc gi6 tri ndy thoi min di6u ki6n cira phucmg trinh (1).
cta phuong trinh (1) ld

c6c nghim

x=L+knvir*=L*kn.keZ.
46
b)

sin2 2x

.-

--:=tar?x.
sin' 2x - 4cos' x

Q)

Didu kin cria phuong trinh (2) ltr cosx +O

vi

sinz

2x

4cos2

r * 0.

Ta c6

r - 4cos2,r
= 4bos2 r(sin2 .r - 1) = -4cos4 .r.
Vi vay sin2 2.r - 4cos2 x + 0 <> cos: * 0.
Do <t6 <lidu ki6n cia phuong trinh (2) li cosx * 0. Theo bi6n <ldi fien, m c6
stnz2x

(2) =

:2
- 4 cosa x

sin2 2x

2srn2

2x -- !, +

C6c gi6

2x

xcos2

*3
cos'x

=2

>

sin2x = +l

rn

2x- 2 = -4cos2

sin2

xsin2 x

cos2x = 0

X* *|. r e z.

t4 niy thorl mdn didu kiQn cria phuorg trinh (2\. Y4y nghiQm cia

phuong trinh (2)

30

x = 4sin2

4cos2

ln x =

i+ t|. * . z.

+ |
sin 2.r
DiCu kin cria phucmg trtnh (3) li sinr * 0 vi cosx + 0. Ta c6
c) ztanx+ cot.r =

2stn2x

2sinx

Zlanx + colx

cos

.I

(3)

cos.r

sln.I

2sin2x+cos2x sin2x+ I

I .

sinxcosr

^
zx
-stn
2

Do d6

I) 2sin2 2x + I
sin2"r
sin 2x
+ 2sin2 2x - 2sin2 x - I = 0 + 2(l - cos2 2t)- (1 - cos2x) - I = 0
+ lcos2 2x + cos 2.r = 0 .+ cos 2x(l - 2as2x) = e
2(sin2

x+

+l[cos2x=o
l =

=,
Lcoszr

+l [,=;.

l, = tI
L6

CAc gi6

[2, =!+kn,keZ
I

Lr,

a)

rI+

k2n,k

ez

*1,*ez
+ kn.k eZ.

tr! niy ddu thori m6n.diu kin crja phuong trinh (3). V{y

nghiQm cria phuong hinh (3)

Giii

c6c phuctng

4cos2

c) 4sin2

r-

x=

t!,

* e Z vd x = lI + *n

t.

Z.

trinh

x+ 3sinxcosx -

b) 2sin2x

c6c

sinxcos.r

sin2.r = 3

-cos2x=2;

4sinxcosx + 3cos2 x = I

31

a) V6i cosx = 0 thi v6 tr6i bing -1 cdn vd phAi bing 3 nn cosx = 0

kh6ng thoi mdn phucmg trinh. V6i cos.r * 0, chia hai v6 ctra phuong trinh
cho cos2 x ta

duo. c

4+3tatx-tar? x = 3(1 +tan2x)<+

4tanz

x-3tanr-l =0

ftanx=r
l.=i.kn.kez'
<+l
1e
Itanx = -i
L 4 l* = arct-[_f)+*tr.r
I

ez.
L'-""-'[i)'^-"=-

Vdy cdc nghiQm c0a phrrong trinh

li

+ kt, k e v,.
", = !4+ kn. k e z vdr = *.,-l-1)
\4)

b) V6i cos-r = 0 ta thdy ci hai vd cia phuong trinh bing 2. V{y cosx = 0

thoi mdn phucrng trinh, hay

I*

kni,

k e V,ld nghim.

Vdi cos + 0, chia ci hai vd cria phuotrg trinh cho

2tmt2

<:)
Viy

x-

tanr'=

tanx

cos2

ta duo. c

- I = 2(l + tan2 x)

-3 e 1= arctan(-3) + kn, k eZ.

cr{c nghiOm c0a phuong trinh l}r

=L
2

kn. k e

Z vi x = arctan(-3)

+ krc, k e Z.

c) Vdi bosx = 0 thi v6 trdi bing 4, cdn vd phii bing l, nn cos:r = 0

kh6ng thoi mAn phuong trinh' V6i cosx * 0, chia hai v6 ctra phuong trinh
cho cos2 x ta

'

Phuong trinh

32

duo. c

4lan2
3tan2

x-4lan.r +3 = l+tar? x
x - 4lanx +2 =0.

niy vo nghiQm. V{y phuong trinh di cho vo nghiQm.

\.d9?'BEf,TTFF'!

a) .6cosx + sinx =

-2

b) cos3r :- sin 3r

cos -r

lrU
a) Ta c6

" --'3---'-

c> sinlcosx + coslsinx

=
---

-l o .i*[,
\

.e x+1 = -L+ k\rc. k e V,

326
VAy nghiQm crla phrrong trtnh
b) Ta c6

+ Er0!16tr1t- A

x=

* 1) = -l
3/

-A

k2tr,

li r = -E + k\u k e 7^

eZ.

1;

Vny cdc nghiOm c0a phuong trinh ld

t!,3

k.e Zvd

r = -! * *4. t .z.

c) Didu kin cria phuong trinh ld cosx

Ta c6

'
=
=
=
=

cosx(4sinx + 3cos.r
(cosr

- l)(4sinx

+ x-d
Vfy

- l) = 0

I =14

f-:sinx.u

3
I
lsssv
= 1.

"i"" = 1, "o.o =

,u

(2)

d*

-d =:
= tarccosl

+k2n

55

c6c nghiQm cria phucrng trinh

x = k2tc, k e

[x=k2n'kez

Ki hiQu a li cung mi
<+ cos(.r

1) = 4sinx + 3cos.r

+ 3cos.r

+ 3cosx =

(2)

(l)

cos,r

cosx(4sinx + 3cos-r) = 4(sinx + cosx) - 1

cosx(4sinx + 3cosx) - cos, = 4sinx + 3cosx

e x= q + arccss! a l<2n.

(i) ld

Z vir, =, t u...orl + k2n. k e Z,

c. BA
Gidi cdc phuong trinh sau (3.1

3.2. a) sinx + 2sin3x =

-sin5x
tt

c) sinxsin2xsin3x =

a = arccosi.

TAP

b) cosrcos2x = 1+sin.rsin2.r;
d) tanr = 3cot-r.
b) cosSxcbsx = cos4x :

lsin4x

trongd6

-3.7):

cos2x-sin,r-I

=0;
c) 4sin.rcosxcos2x = -l ;

' 34

0.

4sinr+ 3cosx = 4(l + tan x) -

+l lcosx=l
.
4sinr

3.1. a)

3',

d)

sin4

r + cos4, = -!ro"2

2*.

,' BrDs'Grrl "B

=0:
c) sin6 x + cos6 x -- 4cos2 2x;
- 2sinx+2

3.3. a) 3cos2x

2=0;
cot2x = tan.r + l.

3.4. a) Ztanx

c) cot-r

b) 5sini x + 3cos.r + 3 = 0

3cotx

d)

-14 + sin2, = cos4 x.

b)

cos2

b)

sin 5,t +

x = 3sin2.r+3

3.5. a) cos2 r + 2sin.rcos.r + 5sin2 x = 2 i

b) 3cos2x -2sin2x+ sin2x =

- 3sin xcos x + 3sin2 x = 1.

3.6. a) 2cosx - sinx = 2 ;
c)

4cos2 .r

c) Scosa.r
3.7. a)

l+

sinx

4cos2x+

- cos, -

sin4x-4

sin 2.f,

ltt
b)smx--=sm-.r
sinx
c) cosxtan3x =

d)

2tar?

sin

x + 3lanl +

BAitqp 6n chuong

1.

sin2

-l

d) sin6x+co.6, + ]sin4x = 0.

+ 2cos2x = 0

x'

2cot2

x +3cotx + 2 = 0.

2-Psr.:

r**[r-rl
[

X6rc <linh

a,

3.

Tim t4p x6c dinh cira c6c him sd

,rr=
2.

5x

cos5x =

tinh chdn

b)

r'- ffi'*"ot'.
| -sin2x

3]
16

cria cdc him sd

.r
)=sin'r-tanx:

D))= cosx + cot2 x

,ir,

Chia cdc do4n sau tha,nh hai do4n, ffen m6t doan h]'m sd y =
cdn tren doan kia him sd <16 giim :

T_
ut

15rrr,

'',]

l'! ;znl

tz

3;x,

bt [-n ; 0]

c)

l-2n; -nl.

35

4,

Tim gi6 tri ldn nhdt ve gi6 rri nh6 nhdt ciia cric him sd

=3-4sinx;

a) y

5.

VC dd

a)

b) y

Vcosx.

thi cia cdc hi,rn sd

y=sin2r+t;

b)

)=cosfx-+.].
( 6/

Gitii cdc phuong trlnh sau (6

6.
7.
89.

=2-

15) :

- cos2 l = cos4x.
cos 3.r - cos5x = sinx.
sin2

3sin'x + 4cosr -2=O.

sin'x + sin'2x = sin'3x.

10. 2tanx + 3cot "r = 4.

11. 2cos2x

3sin2x + sin2x = l.

12.Zsinz

x+ sinxcosx -

13. 3sinx

4cos-r = l.

14. 4sin3x + sin5x

15. 2tan2 x

cos2x = 3.

- 2sinxcos2,r = 0.

3tNtx + 2cot2 x+ 3cot.r

rdr orAr - xu6ruo oAN - DAP s6 cHuoNG

l.l.a)D=R\{ll.

e {*!
3722

b) cosl + 0

t^

+ kn

o * *!
\

VeyD=R\.1+ +/3n,ke?,1.

l2

36

i:r'

3 = 0.

+ k3n..keZ.

ir

'''-"='F!.tqul{EE

c) sin2x *O

2x

i kt e * * k!, k eZ.

vavD=nr{*1.t.2}.
''

t2

d)D=R\l-l; l).
1.2, a) cosx + 1 > 0, Vx e R. Vny D = lR.

= -cos2x +0
- "o.2,,2

b) sin2.r

2x

*!+kr, keZ

o r * L4+ r!,2 * e z.yayD=R\

{L*
"
2 r.z\.)
t4 rL,
c) cosx

cos3x = -2sin2xsin(-x) = 4sin2 xcos,r.

Dod6 cosx-cos3.r*0 <+ sinx

kn va x +

d) tan.r

|+

kn, k e

*0 vi cosx *0

v,.vty D=nr

,;

{*},

t.z}.

vi cot.r c6 nghia khi sinx * 0 vd cosx + 0.

Vay tap xdc dinh nhu trong cAu c;.

1.3.a)0<lsinxl < I nen -2 < -2lsinxl <0.

Vfy gi6 tri l6n nhdt cira y = 3 - 2lsin xl ld 3. dat duqc khi
nh6 nhdt ctay lh l, dat duoc khi sinx = +1.

'

b) cosx *

s;n

= 0 ; gi6 tri

- 1) = z"or(, - I)"o.I
= J3"o.[, - I').
"o.[,
6i
6
3i
\
\
\ 6/

Yay gi|trl nh6 nhdt ciray

lI -.fi

aat duo.c ch&ng han. tai x

l6n nhdt cnay ln 16. dat duo.c ching han, tui .. =

=!

; ziatt

f.

c) laco

cos- x

+^
zcos2x

I+

cos2x
+lcosz.r

l+

5cos2x

37

Vi -l <cos2,<I

nn gi6

tri l6n

nhdt cria y lh 3, dat duoc

gi6 tri nh6 nhdt cfia y lh -2. dat duo.c Xhi x

d)

khix = 0 ;

=1.

HD: 5 --2cos2.rsin2x = 5 - lsin2 zr.

2

Vi 0 < sin2 2x < |

-l r -Lrrn' r*, o -

ry! ty < "'6.

3f
Suy ra gi6 tri l6n nhdt cta y h .6, gi6 tri nh6 nhdt re
nn

1.4. a) Dlng thrlc

cos

xiy ra khi

* 0. Vay ding

c6c bidu thrlc & hai vd c6 nghia, trlc

thrlc

xiy

ra khi -t +

b) Ding thrlc xiy ra khi cos.r +

0,

k!

ticli k}i

ke

x+

li

sinx

V,.

+ kn, k e Z.

+ 0. tttc ld x + kx, k e

c) Dlng thr?c

xiy

ra

khi

d) Ding thrlc

xiy

ra

khi sinx + 0 vh cosx + 0. tfc lit x + kL. k e

sin -r

* 0 vh

V'.
V'.

li hdm sd 16.
- cos2r
x
b) y =, - sinx li him sd16.

1.5. a) y

")

y=

Jt-*

lihim s6chin.

d) 'v = I *.o..rrin[A-zr) = r-cosrcos2, lAhim sdchdn.

\2

1,6. a) cos2(x +

li him

tn) = cos(2r +

s6 chdn, tuCn

k2n)

= sss2r, k e Z.Yxyhim sd -v = cos2,

hoin, c6 chu ki ln n G.7).

Hinh 8

b) D6 thi hdm s6 y = lcoszxl Gt.8).

1.7. a) Dd thi hnm sd y = 1+ sinx thu duo. c tt dd thi hdm sd y = 5i1, 65n*
c6ch tinh tidn song song v6i truc tung l6n phia tren mQt don vi (H.9).
v

3tt

---i-

-7I

\\

a \v=r*"i-

-L,

Hinh 9

b) Dd thi him sd y = cos.r - 1 thu du-d. c tt d6 thi him sd y = cosx bing

c6ch tinh tidn song song v6i truc tung xudng phia dudi m6t don vi (ban doc
tg vE hinh).

/\

- rirl\ , - *3)I tf,u duoc tir dd thi hirm sd.v = sinx btng

c) Dd thi him sd y =

cdch tinh tidn song:sbng vdi fiuc holnh sang

phii mot

doan bang

fH.fOl.

Hinh 10
39

d) Dd thi him sd y' =.orl

*+|l-\

ttru dugc

6)

tt

dd thi hnm sd y=cos.r

bing c6ch tinh tidn song song v6i truc holmh sang trdi mOt aoqn tfng
(b?n dgc tu ve hinh).

1.8. a) Dd thi him rO

/\

r = tun[x*]J tr,, duo.c tt

dd thi hnm s6 y = 141,

bang cdch tinh tign song song v6i truc hoinh sang trdi mQt tloAn

"

bing

dd thi him sd y =

6)

c6ch tinh tidn song song v6i trgc hoinh sang phAi m6t doan berg

)a

9393

b)

eZvit.1

Ln

= ---l

)r

-r-

k'-:.

ke

;.

V,

= 30o + /<18d, k=Tvd.r+.759,+ *1809.,,k e 2,.

. .. :.

c)

r = -80o +k7A|orkeZvit

d)

r=larcsin2

i r!.2 * et

2.2.a) x = -3

't

arccos, + k2n, k e

b) x = 25"+ ftI2Oo, x =
c)

5o

1r"rin? +
k ez.
=144
3 k!.
2

V'.

+ kl2ff . k e 7..

+ kfi. x=-L+ktt,keZ.
x=I62

d)x=+16..osL+kn.kez.
'23
40

x = 4000 +k72lo,keV,.
va x

f,.

cotx bing

s2.

2.1.a).r=-"+k-".

---@

b)x=-n +ktr,keZ.

2.3.a)x=-4f + k9lo,keZ.

+kbn,keZ.
c)*=3I
'4
2.4. a) Diu kiOn

sin3r = 0
3a

: cos3x + l.

3.r =

tr.

d)*=3000 +k54ff,ke2.
Ta c6

Do rtiu kiQn, c6c gi6

=(2m+l)n, m e V,.Ygy nghim

fi

k = 2m, m e Z biloai, nn

cria phuong uinh lir x

=(2m+l)1,

meZ.
b) Didu kin ,

.ir,l.* (4/

"orz*."ot((

r-'1)
o
.4i* o = .or2r."or[,\. - 1)
4/ =

Do <Iiu (iQn, c6c gi6

phucmg trinh

1] * o. si6n ddi ohrruns tdnh

tri x =

Z^i,

i.

li
, = !4 * (z^
' + iL.
'2'

me

m e Zvd,

V,

bi lo4i. V{y nghiQm cira

! *
4

kr. k e Z.

c) Di6u kign : cos(2r + 60o) + 0. Ta c6

t^t

(2x + 60o)cos(.r + 75o) =

sin(2r + 600) coslx + 75o) = 0

l2*+ffi" = kl8o", k eZ
:J [sint2x+60o)=0
l=l
=90o +kl80o. keZ

fcos(x+75o)=0 lx+75o

-l

[x=-30o +k90",keZ
fx = rf +

kl$Oo. kEV,.

4t

Do diu kiOn & trn, cdc

Vly

gi6ti.r

= 15" + *180o, k

eZ bi lou.

nghiQm cta phuong trlnh ld x = -30o + k90o, k

d) Didu, kiQn

sin

x + 0. Ta c6
---r

(cot.r + 1)sin 3x = 0

sinx*0

lcot x =
I

-l

[sin3x = o

=l
Do <lidu kiOn

eZ.

l-=-i.ktr. kez

l,=r!.*.2.

n6n nhftrg

giitt4

x=*! va k=3m, meZ bi

li
x=-f,+*n '. x=!+kr v1x=!+*n,keZ.

loai. VAy nghiQm cfia phuong trlnh

z.s. a) cos[zx

- +)

*,[; -

kez
lr--i=T-+k2n,
<)l

lr--i=-f,+x+k2n.
VAy cr{c gi6 tri cdn tim ltr x

<>

kez

lrr =!*orn. o.u

t"
lx

fi+ kzn. k ez,.

=*. oT, keZ vd x=fi+kzn,keZ.

b).t.(3,-1)=.t[,.#)
<)ll"-i=x+f

+kun.kez

lr--X=r-x-[+k2n,kez

_lr.=!r+k2n.kev,

l,= fi+kn.kez,

l'o*=ff*orn.o.u l,=ff*ri,*.2.
42

43

Vdy nghiem phuong trinh

Ii

x=

# - n?,

e Z vd x =

-[

k\r,

ke

V,.

b) Diu kiQn cira phuong trinh : cosx + 0 vi cos 2-r * 0.

tanx tanZr =
=> sinrsin2"r = -cosrcos2x
+ cos2xcosr + sin2xsinr = 0 .+ cosx = 0.
Kdt hqp v6i <liu ki6n, ta thdy phuong trinh v6 nghi0m.
c) sin3r + sin5x = 0

-l

<+ 2sin4xcos-r =

<+

[sin4x=0
l+x=*n' teZ
I
ol
[cosx=0 lx=1+kr.keZ.

Vny nghim cria phuong trinh

d) Di6u kicn

sin2x

cot 2.rcot 3.r

I +
=
+

li

x=

Oi,*

e Zvd x =[+kn, k e

V,.

* 0 vir sin3.r * 0.
cos2xcos3x = sin2xsin3x
cos2xcos3x - sin 2-r sin 3r = 0
cos5x = 0

+5x

=l+

kr, k eV,

-,=L+k!.kez.
-^-t0 "5""*-'

.
V6it=2+5m,neLth\'
r^-rn2xr+mfi r=-+(z+tm)

r+mfi,me {'.

5= lo+ 5

Lfc d6 sin2.r = sin(n+Zmn) = 0, khong thoi

Vfly nghiQm ptruong ffinh

mf,n diu kin.

tl, = # * Oi, k e Z vl k + 2 + 5m, m e Z.

$s.
3.1. a) cos2;r- sinx

-I=0

a - 2sin2 x-sinxL

*l

lsinx = 0
Lsrn"r

-,r

x= kn, keZ
kLn, k

eZ

+ kzn, k

ez.

<. x = -LU+
.t

44

I = 0 <* sinx(2sin.r+ l) =0

=!

b)

cos .t cos 2.r

<+ cos.rcos2x
<+ cos3x=

= I + sin -r sin 2;r

sin.rsin 2x =

I <+

3x = k2n

c) 4sinxcosxcos2x = -l
<> sin4.r = -1 <> +x =

*!, f .

Z.

<> 2sin2xcos2x =

-l

k2r, k e V,

-l

x = -!, +

d) tan;r = 3cot-r. Didu ki6n : cos.r + 0 vh sinx *

Ta c6 tanx =

-1tan-r= t*2 r=3 =

CAc gi6 tri niy thoi

phuong trinh di cho.
3.2. a) sinx+2sin3r =

0.

tanx=+1,[ =+x

=t!+kn.keZ.
-3

min didu kin cira phuong trinh

-sin5x

<+

2 sin

2sin 3.r(cos 2x + 1) =

tf, * e Z.

nOn Ih nghi0m cua

<+ sin 5x + sin -r + 2 sin 3x = 0

3xcos2-r + 2sin 3x = 0

0 c> 4sin 3xcos2

-r = 0

=kn.kev, l.=r!.rez
ct

<+llsin3x=o
<+l[3, -

[cosr=o

b)

cos 5x

L,

=)+k.kez

Lr=;.

k*,,kez.

cos.r = cos 4x

7(cos6r

+ cos4x) = cos4x

<> cos6"r = cos4.r <>

<+tf2x=k2n,

6r = l4x + k2n, k.e V,

ke?,<>tlx=kn'kez

lt0.t=k2n.keZ lx=r r.reZ.

Tap lkn, k e Zl chitarrons rap
.r} , ,
{o:,0

sd cira 5) nOn nghiQm cria

phuotg trinh

li

x=

v6t c6c gi6t4

la bQi

*!, * e Z.
45

rl

=isn4x

c) sinxsin2xsin3x
<+ sin2r(cos2r

<> sinxsin2xsin3x =

- 2sinxsin3x)

)sn2x

cos2x

0 <+ sin2x'cos4x = 0

F
a ^ lzr=kr-,keZ
lsrnz"r=U
el
'- l4r=!+kn.keZ
- | cos4x = o el
'12
I

f_

ellx=*i,*ez

l,=1*
t84 t!.rez..

d) sin4x+cos4x = -)"o"'z*
'<+ (sin2 x + cos2 x)2

e
.1
'e

2sin2 xcos2

- ),"inz 2, + 1"o"2 z*

+;cos4x
2

* = -1"o"'z*

=o

0 <> cos4x = -2'

Phuong trinh v6 nghim.

cfto y. c6 thd nhan x6t lVd phAi khong duong v6i mgi.f, trong klii vd tr6i duong v6i
moi ,r nen phuong trinh de cho vO nghi6m.

3.3.

a)

3cos2

x-2sin.r+2=0 e

<t 3sin2.r+2sin.r-5=0 e

3(1

-sin2x)- Zsinx+2=0

(sinx-lX3sinx+5) =Q

<> sinx=I e x=I+k2n,keZ.

2
b)

5sin2x+3cosx+3=0 e

5(l

cos2

<> 5cos2 x

x) + 3cosx + 3 = 0
3cosx

<+ (cos.r + l)(5cos.r

<> cosx =
46

8=0

8) = 0

-t <+x=(2fr+l)r,keZ.

c)

sin6 x + cos6x

<+ (sin2.r +

cos2

4cos2

2x

r;3 * 3sin2 *cos2 r(sin2 x + cos2 x)

t-f,sm2z*=4cos22x

4x

4cos2

2x

o r-ffr -"os22*1=4cos22x

*r:($rr)=r

o f;"o"'zt =!
<+ 1 +cos4.r =

*"or+,

=**".",(-fj).

-]l
z

k2tr, k e

o,=ri**o"(-#).01,0.,
d)

+ coszx)'?

* o -+*L:y2!-

-|+sin2-r =.o.4

<+ -1 +2

cos2

[r

ZcosZx

=l+2cos2x'+cosz2x

2x + 4cos2x = 0

[cos2'r

=o

= lcos2x=-4(vO

nghiQm)

zx

=l+

kr, k ez

ox'=f,+r,|,kez.
3.4.

a) 2tanx -3cot x -2= 0. Didu ki6n

Tac6 2tan)t

2aan2

: cosx

0 vh sinx

0.

3
- tan } -2=o
.

l!J1
x-2tanx-3=^
0 =) tanr=-

,=-*[tfl +kn. kez

,=*",*,(\*)+**.

r,.2.

Cdc gi6 tri ndy thoi mfln didu kin nn lh nghidm cria phuotrg trinh.

47

b; cos2x=3sin2x+3.
Ta thdy cos.r = 0 khong thoi mdn phuorg trinh. Vfi cosx *

0, chia hai v6

cia phuong trinh cho cos2x ta dugc

1

= 6tan,r + 3(l + tan2 x)<+ 3tan2

-3

,=,*,,,[*9

t.6

,
c) cotx

+ kn, k

ez.

(l)

* 0 vd cosx * 0.

cos 2x
-r-'-'---:srnx srn z.r

cos

2 '--

r,

=,,"*[-'.'f',

+kn,kez

- cot2x =tan.r+l.

Diu kiQn : sinx

t

x+6taax+2=0

+
+

2cos2

x
cos x
sin

x-cos2x =2sin2 x+sin2*

- cos2x = sin 2x
= cos2x = sin 2x = tan2i =l
2(cos' x

sin" x)

> x=1+r!, *ez.

=2x=!+kn.kez
462
CAc gi6 tri

nly thoi mdn didu kiOn nn lh nghim cia phuong trinh.

,i.
i

3.5. a) cos2 x + 2sin xcosx + 5sin2 x = 2.

R5 rhng cosx = 0 khdng thoi m6n phucmg trinh.

cho

cos2

ta duo. c

I + 2tann + 5tan2 x = 2(l + tan2 x)

3tan2

franx

<*l

x+2tatx-1=0
=

-r<)ll, = -f,+ *n, l.z

I

Lt*'=i

[*=","*]*tn,ket,.

Vdi

cos.r

* 0, chia hai vd

' *"T@!F

r - 2sin 2x + sinz x =1.

V6i cosx=O ta thdy hai vd ddu bing 1 Vay phrrorg tlnh c6 nghiO.m

b)

3cos2

=|+ *n,k e z.

Truong hqp cos.r + 0, chia hai v6 cho cos2

3-4tanx+tzr? x=l+tut2

ta duoc

4tatx=Z

t^rrt

=l

.l

I
e, x = arctarai+
kn, k e7'.
Vfly nghiQm cfia phucmg trinh

li

r.
x=)+kn,k
eZvit

x=au:ctzni+kn,k

eZ.'

- 3sin.rcosr + 3sin2 x = 1.
R6 ring cos.r * 0 . Chia hai v6 cria phuong trinh cho cos2 x
c)

4cos2 x

-3tan.r

+ 3tan2

x=I+

tan2

ta

ttuo. c

2tar? x-3tanx+3 = 0.
Phuong ffinh cudi v0 nghim (ddi vdi tanx), do tl6 phuong trinh dd cho
vO nghiQm.

3.6. a) 2cosr

sin

x=2

<,

*(#*"-#.i.,)=2.

Kl

hiQu

li

g6c

mi

"o"o

cosa cos, + stn a sln x =

<+

ft,

rioo = -;!, t" duo.c phucmg trinh

-'=
J5

cos(*-a)=cosa e x-a =+a

+ k2tc,

keZ

olx=2a+k2n.keZ
lx=k2n, keZ.
.}

BlDll0tll.A

49

..%.q.t!ElF

b) sin5x

-l

+ cos5.r =

<+

J'
Jz($"ins** Z-cos

)
':)='

J' .r ,i,(s,*
oI)=.,"({)

fi_n

Tcos)x = -2

cosTsrn ),r + sln

ev, l, =-1* o!. o.u

QI
^
=
Lrr.f f+kzx,kez l,=i**!,r.2.

<pllr..X=-f,+
c)

8cos4 x

k2n. k

- 4cos2x + sin4x -

* r(L#9)'

-+"o.2,*.

e
e

2(l + 2coslx +

cos4x+sin4x=r

2*1-

cos2

2co*2x+sm4x-2=0

<rllo,.i=!o+
^

4=0

n4x - 4 =o
2x + sin 4x

4cos

4=0

l+cos4x+sin4

* .rr,(+r.f)=ri"f

k2n. k

ez<r l.

r|. r.z

lo,.i=ff+k2rc,kez l-.t.0;,k

d)

sin6 x + cos6 .x +

<+ (sin2
I

r+

t-2=0

]sina.r

!6s2'i13

3sin2 xcos2 x +

ez.

=o

sin2 rcos2 r(sin2 x + cos2 .r) +

|sinar

=o

jsina.r = 0

,-r(.Y)'+jsin+x=o
t
50

2orir'. z*

lsin

4.r = o
+E

olitlllrl!

- 3l-cos4x I
ot-i.-f+7sin4x=0
<r 8 - 3 + 3cos4r + 4sin4r =0

3cos4x + 4sn4x =

2,A
5J

<+ icos 4x +

Ki hiu

-5

lsin 4x = -1.

cr Ih cung

mh sina =

?A

!,
sin a cos 4x + cos a sin4x = -l

<t

cosa =

-,

ta duoc

sin(4x + a) = -1

+ 4x+a=!+kZn,keZ
3n d -fi <+-r=f
-f,+ kj,k ez.
3.7. a) 1+ sinx

cosx

- sin2x + 2cos2r

(1)

= 0.

Tac6:
I

sin

2r = 15in x -

zcos2x = 2(cos2 x

cos

r)2

- sin2 x) = -2(sin x - cos x)(sin.r'+ cos x).

vay

(1)

- oosr)(l +sinr-cosx-2sinx-2cos.r)=0
<+ (sin .r - cos ,Xl - sin -r - 3 cos x) = O

c)

(sinx

*[

lx

l,

=[+*n,*.2
= a tarc"os7fu,+ kvtc, k e

trong d6 cosa =

3l

tr,

sina

=;5'.
5t

b)

sin x

l,tl
- --:- = sin' ,r - -:-

Didu kin : sinx

(2)

0.

t/

|
l\
(2) = (sin-r-sin2xl+l--l---Jl=O
\sin'x smr/
l-sinx $
+ srn 'r(l - srn x) * -----;=

+ (l-sinxXsin3x+l)=g
I
+ lsinx
l"-'^'= 1 x=|+kn,k
[sinx = -l

eZ(thoitndtdiukiQn)

lii"'J.I'J";l'.'l
(3) +
=
+

(3)

cosxsin3x = cos3xsin5.r

ll
;(sin

4x + sin 2x) =

sin 8x = sin

7(sin

8x + sin 2x)

4x

t*

k;,k

lx
+l llx = 4x+ k2r,k eZ
'-tL'^"'=l I n
f8x=n-4x+k2n,keZ
=

ez,
,

l-=#+rf,rez.

Kdt hqp vdi tliu kiQn ta duo. c nghim cta phuong trinh 1l

x=kn, kez.vi
d)

Ztzr? x +3tanx +2cot2

Diu kiQn:
(4)

cos.r*0 vi

t=$+r[, r.z.

x+3cotx+2=0.

sin-r

* 0.

= 2(tut2 x +cot2 x) + 3(tan,r+cotx)+ 2 = 0.

+ 2ftranx + cot.r)2 -2]+ 3(tan.x + cotx) + 2 = 0.

Dat , = tan.r + cot.r ta duo. c phucmg trinh

I
2t2

52

+3t-2=o + t=-2,,=2

(4)

Yor t = -2 ta c6 tan,

VA

r=)

t:xr2

1=

cot, = -2

x+2tanx+t =0
IE

-j

tanx =

-l

+ kr, k e Z (thol man diu kiQn).

tac6 tanr+cot

-=i -2txt2x-tanx+2=0

nly v6 nghi6m.

Phuong trinh

Vfly nghim cria phuong trinh (4) lh x =

-f,+ kn, k e Z.

Bii t?p 6n chudng I

'

r. a) Didu kie" , *.(,

- +) * 0 "a t^,(, -

;) + -r

o ,-t*|+*n.k eZvit x-!*-f,+kn,k ez

e, +!
Vly tlp

"

*n, k e Z vd x *

xdc <tinh cria hlm s6

[{?.

k", k .

z}.

$+

kn, k e Z.

li

{h+

k^, k

. v,}).

b) Didu

kign: cosr +0 ; sin.r*0 vi sin2x * I

*|, k e Z vl x *f,+ kn, k e z.

x+

Vay Bp x6c dlnh cria htrm s6 ti

"
2.

.' [{-;, *. z}, {[. r",

a)y =sin3 x -

o,

3.

tan

ld him s6

""'t*iot"

a) Hhm s6ry =

"])

16.

li him s616.

sinx giim trcn doan

Ct+)va

tens tren

** lf ,]
'

b) y=sinx giim tr.n

c) ), =

[+,r]
;- z ) siemtren If;'lm-rlI
S-2"

l-"r-;),tans.,en
l3nl ..
sinx tans tren -

4. HD:a) -1 <3r4sin.r(7.
U) t<Z-.6otr<2.
5. a) Dd thi cira him sd y = sln2r*1 thu duo. c tt dd thi him sd y - sin2x
bing cdch tinh ti6n song song vdi truc tung len phfa tren mot dor vi.
b) Dd thi him sd y =

*.[,1.- :']
6/

thu

duo. c

tu dd thi hlm s6 y

cdch tinh tidn song song v6i truc hoinh sang

6.

sin2 x

cos2

phii

mQt doan

- cosr blng

bing

f.

x = cos4x <> -cos2x = cos4x <> 2cos3xcosr = 0

Ir

<>tlcos3x=o
<+tl'=i+r!'r'z
lcosx = 0
L'

7.

cos

ol

3r

cos 5-r

lsinx = o
lsin+x

l-_r,

l*=i*kn,keZ.
= sinx <+

sin

r(l - 2sin4x) = 0

x=kn,keZ

<?

=f,+*|,*.2

,=fi*f,r.z.

3sin2x+4cosx-2=0

o -3co1.x+ cosl+1=0

<+ cosx

=-*

U*>
o , = ***o.[ 2--fi)* *zn.k e ?, (gi6r,
3
[r )
54

ncn bi loai).

,
<>

. )-

)^

l-cos2x l-cos4x

1-cos4.r+cos6x-cos2r=0

<+ 2sin 2x(sin 2:r

Ddpsd :

- sin4x)

x=*|.kev,vir

2snt2

2x -zsin4.rsin2.r = 0

<> 4sin2xcos3xsinr=0.

*=[+*!.*.2.

10. 2tanx + 3cotx = 4. Diu kiOn : cos.r

* 0 vd sin; * 0. Ta c6

tanx+ 3 = 0. Phuong trinh v6 nghi0m

phuong trinh dd cho v0 nghim.
x

LL. 2cos2 x

2tan2

3sin2x +

cosr =0

oVdi

cos.r

stn2

uinh

phuung uinh c6 ng}1iem

0, chia hai vdcho cos2r, timdudc

Vey phurrrg tinh c6 o{c nghim x =

12.

tl6i v6i tanr, do

d6

x=1..

rhoa mAn phrrong

I -cos6.t

HD: 2sin2x+sinrco.r-"o.2,

+ kr,k e Z

=3

Phuong trinh vO nghim.

=|+

kn,k eZ.

**=*.

vd x

= arctarrl + k*. k e Z.

tan2x-tan.r+4

= 0.

13. 3sinx-4cos,r=l o ]rirr-f"o.r=|

4.
3
. 1 . ..
<> sm(.r-4)=S (vot cosa

=5'srna =3)

Ir

ol lx=a+arcsini+k2r,keZ
l
lx

14,

=a+n

arcsin5 +

t2r, k eV,

- 2 sin x cos2.r = 0
<> 4sin3.r+sin5x-sin3x+sinr=0
<+

4sin 3x + sin 5x

<> 3sin3I + sin5r + sinr = 0

3sin3x+2sin3rcos2x=0 e

D6psd:

sin3x(3 + 2cos2"r) = 0.

x=f!,*eZ.
ss

15.

2ta* x - 3lari, + 2cotz x + 3cot, Didu ki. n : cosx * 0 vi sinr + 0.

. (l)

=0

(l) + 2(at x + cot2 x)-3{tmx-cotr)-3=0

+ Z(tan x - cot x)2 - 31tanx - cotx) + 1= 0.
DIt i=tanr-cotx
2t2

'

-3t+l=O

ta duo. c phuong

r=

ulnh

,, r--;.

Vdi , =l ta c6 tan-r - cot.x = I

tan2.x-tanx-l

=0 +

*r=' 1G

rl

Vh t=Z tac6 tanx-cotx=Z

r.

=.*,*['*
(4

Cdc gr{.Fi

56

)+ ar. r . z

, = *o*,1-'!n)+

[4

um.r=

kr. k ez;.

qiy thoe mnn diu kien nen chring l}

nghiQm cira phuong trlnh

huons

rr.

T6 HqP - xAC SUAT

^1

SI. auy t6c d6m

r.
'1.

Quy

rrdru

rx0c cAH rux6

t{c cgng

Gi6 sir d6i tuong Xc6 m cdch chgn kh6c nhau, ddi tuong I c6 z c{ch chon
khdc nhau vi kh6ng c6 cdch chgn ddi tugng Xnio trirng vdi m6i c6ch chon
d6i tugng f. Khi d6 c6 m + n c6ch chon m6t trong hai ddi tuorg {y.
Giri sriA

vi B li

cdc tap htu h?n, kh6ng giao nhau. Khi d6

(l)

n(AwB)=n(A)+n(B).

Cn,i y. C6ng thr.ic (1) c6 thd md r6ng theo hai hu6ng

a) N6u A vd B la hai tap
n(A

hfti

hqa bdt ki thi

A) = n(A) + n(B)

n(A

(2)

B).

b) N6u 41, ..., AInlE. c6c tdp h0tr h?n tuy y, d6i mot kh6ng giao nhau thi

nlAl w A2u
2. Quy t5c

...

v Ap)

n(A,i

+ n(Az) + ... + n(Am).

nhin

hai mp htu han. Kf hiQu A x B li tAp hgp tdt

thf tu (a, b), trong d6 a e A, D e B. Ta c6 quy t6c
Giri

sr?

A, B

li

n(A x B) = n(A) '

Quy

ci

cdc ctrp c6

n(B)'

(3)

tic tren c6 thd ph6t bidu nhu sau :

Gi6 sil c6 hai hinh dQng duo. c thgc hien lin tidp. Hlnh dQng thrl nhdt c6
lz k6t quA. I1ng vdi m6i kdt qui cria hinh dong thf nhdt, hlnh dQng thr? hai
c6 n kdt qui. Khi d6 c6 m x n k6t quA cira hai hlnh dQng fien tidp d6.

Crr,i y. Quy tEc nh6n 6 tr6n c6 thd md rQng cho nhidu hanh d6ng li6n. ti6p.

B. VI DU

Trong mQt 16p c6 18 b4n nam, 12 ban nii. H6i c6 bao nhiu c6ch chgn
a) MQt b4n phg trdch

qu!

16p ?

b) Hai ben, trong d6 c6 mdt nam

vi

m6t

nt

Gi^di

a) Theo quy tic c6ng, ta c6 18 + 12 = 30 c6ch chgn m6t ban phr; tr6ch
l6p @oac nam hoic n[).

qu!

b) Mudn c6 hai ban gdm m6t nam va m6t nt, ta phfri thuc hiQn hai hinh
d0ng lua chon

Chon m6t nam : C6 18 c6ch chqn ;

Khi da c6 mot nam rdi, c6 12 c6ch chgn mQt ban nf.

Vay theo quy t6c nhin, ta c6 18 .12=216 c6ch chon m6t nam ve mQt nii.

Tr0n gi6 s6ch c6 10 quydn s6ch ti6ng ViQt kh6c nhau, 8 quydn tidng Anh
kh6c nhau vl 5 quydn ti6ng Ph6p kh6c nhau. H6i c6 bao nhiu c6ch chon
a) MOt quydn s6ch ?

b) Ba quydn sdch ti6ng kh6c nhau

c) Hai quydn srich ti6ng khdc nhau

Gitii
a) Theo quy t6c c6ng, c6

l0 + 8 + 6 = 24 c6ch chon m6t quydn srlch.

b) Theo quy tic nhan, c6 10.8.6 = 480 c6ch chorr ba quydn tidng khdc nhau.
c) Theo quy tic nhAn, c6 10.8 = 80 cich chgn m6t quydn ti6ng ViCt ve mot
quydn tidng Anh ; C6 10.6 = 60 c6ch chgn m6t quydn tidng ViQt vi m6t
quydn tidng Phdp; C6 8.6 = 48 cdch chon mOt quydn tidng Anh vi m6t
quydn tidng Ph6p. Tt d6, theo quy tic cQng, ta c6 sd c6ch chon hai quydn
s{ch tidng kh6c nhau l}r
80 + 60 + 48 = 188 (cdch).
58

Tir cdc sd 1,2,3,4,5,6,'1,8,9, c6 bao nhiOu cdch chon mdt sd hof,c th

sd chdn hoic li sd nguy0n td ?

Gitii
qp hqp cdc sd ch6n (c6 4 s6) vi ,B ld tap hqp c6c sd nguyn t6
(c6 4 sd) trong tep s6 di cho. Khi d6, sd c6ch chon cdn tim li n(A v B).

Ki

hiQu A ld

Nhrmg c6 mdt sd nguyn td chdn

n(A

li

B) = n(A) + n(B)

c.

B) = 1. Vf,y theo (2),

n(A.\ B) = 4 + 4 - 1 = 7.

2, tfic n(A

BATTAP

1.1. Nam ddn cta hing van phdng phdm <Id mua qui tiing ban.Trong cria hhng c6
ba mat heng : B(t, v& ve thudc, trong d6 c6 5 loai brit, 4 loai vE vh 3 lo4i thudc.
H6i c6 bao nhiu cdch chon m6J m6n qui gdm mQt bft, mot vA ve moj thudc ?
1.2. Trong mQt dQi van nghe c6 8 ban nam
chon mOt d6i song ca nam - nil ?
1.3. C6 bao nhiu s6 tu nhien c6 tinh chdt
a)

Li

sd

vi

6 ban

nt. H6i c6 bao nhiu

chin vi c6 hai cht sd (kh6ng nhdt thidt khdc nhau)

vi c6 hai cht sd (khong nhdt thidt kh6c

c) Ld s6 16 vi c6 hai chfr sd khiic nhau ;
d) Ltr s6 chiin vi c6 hai chf sd khdc nhau.
b) Ln sd

1..4.

c6ch

16

nhau)

C6 10 c4p vq chdng di drl tiec. Tfnh s6 cdch chon mOt ngudi din 6ng
m0t ngudi den be rong bta tiQc <ld phdt bidu f ki6n, sao cho
a) Hai ngudi d6

li

vo chdng

b) Hai ngudi d6 khong

li

vi

vo ch6ng.

1.5. Sd 360 c6 bao nhiu udc nguyen ducmg

1.6. Trong 100 000 sd nguy0n duong ddu ti0n, c6 bao nhiu s6 chrla mQt
m6t chfl s6 4 vi mdt chfi sd 5 ?

cht

s6 3,

1.7. Gifia hai thinh ph6 A vh B c5 5 con duong di. H6i c6 bao nhiu c6ch di
tt A ddn B rdi tr& vd A mi kh6ng c6 iludng nio duoc tli hai ldn ?
59

1.8. C6 bao nhiOu sd nguyOn duong gdm kh6ng qud ba cht s6 kh6c nhau

1.9. MQt ngudi vio crla hing in. Ngudi d6 mudn chon thqc don gdm m6t m6n
en trong 10 m6n, m6t loai hoa quA trdng mi0ng trong 5 lo4i hoa qui vi mOt
loai nu6c u6ng trong 4loai nudc udng. H6i c6 bao nhiu c6ch chgn thuc
don cira bta in ?
1.10. MQt l@ c6 40 hoc sinh, ilang ki choi it nhdt m6t trong hai m6n thd thao :
b6ng d6 vtr cdu l6ng. C6 30 em dnng ki mOn b6ng d6, 25 em ding ki mdn
cdu 16ng. H6i c6 bao nhiu em dang ki cA hai mdn thd thao ?

g2. Ho6n v!, chinh hgp, td hgp

A. KriN rx0c cAru nn6
Cho t{p hgp A gdm

1.

phdn

tt

(z > 1).

Kdt qui cria su s6p xdp n phdn t& cria A theo mot thf ry neo d6
mlt hodn vi cria tip hgp A.
Sd cdc hodn

vi ctaA

duo. c

k{ hiQu

li

duo. c

ggi

li

Pn, ta c6

- I) ...2.1 = nl,.
2. Kdt qul ctra vic ldy /cphdn trlcfiaA (l < t< n) vh xdp theo m6t thf finao
Pn= n.(n

d6 duo. c ggi

lI

mQt chinh hqp chAp

Sd c6c chinh hqp chQp

/c

/<

cta z phdn

,,n
^k--

cira

phdn

trt duo. c

tt.

ki hiu

,5, ,

c6

n!

(n_k)t

(&day, quy udc 0! = 1).

3.

MOt t6p con gdm & phAn trl cira A (1 ( k < n) &@ gSi ldmbt td hqp chlp k
cria z phdn tir. Td hgp ch4p 0 cria z phdn tt li tQp r6ng.
Sd c6c td hqp

ch{p

cira n phdn tir duoc ki hiu ld C! , ta c6

^k= n!
L'
t(n-ft)!'
60

.:l.!F-q!iE

B. Vr DU

C6 bao nhi6u c6ch xdp bdn bqn A, B, C, D vio b6n chi6c ghd ke thanh

hing ngang

Gitii
M6i c6ch xdp cho ta mQt hodn vi c&a bdn ban
x6p

li

vi

nguo. c

lai. Vfly s6 c6ch

Pt= 4! = 24 (cdch).
C6 bao nhiOu sd nguyn ducrng gdm nem
nhau (d6i mQt) ?

M6i sd cdn tim c6 dang ap2a3a4a5> trong d6

cht

sd khdc kh6ng vd kh6c

a,+a,v6ii *

jvA,

ai e 11,2, ...,91,i = 1,...,5.

Nhu vay, c6 thd coi m6i sd dang tr6n li m6t chinh hqp chip 5 cria
(chit so). Do d6, sd c6c s6 cdn tlm li

. or
4 =i

= 9.8.7.6.5 =

Cdn phan c6ng ba ban tt m6t td c6

nhiOu c6ch ph6n cOng khdd nhau ?

l0

lsl20

ban dd

(sO.

lim tryc

nhAt. H6i c6 bao

Gitii
Kdt que cia su phan c6ng li niQt nh6m gdm ba b4n, trlc
3 cfra 10 b4n. Vay sd cr{ch phdn c6ng ld

.,1 =

rd|,

li

m6r td hqp chQp

= r2o (cr{ch).

tVidu4
Trong mtrt phing c6 6 duimg thing song song vdi nhau vi 8 <tucnrg thEng
khric cfrng song song v6i nhau ddng thdi clt 6 dutmg thing de cho. H6i
c6 bao nhiu hlnh btnh henh duo. c tao nn boi 14 <luCrng thAng t16 cho ?

citii
A vd.B ldn lugt li t4p hqp 6 duong thing song song vdi nhau vir 8
tludng thlng song song c6t 6 drrdng thing <Ia cho.
M6i hinh binh hanh duo. c t4o boi hai dudng thing cira tap A vA hai tludng
thing cira tap B. VAy sd hinh binh hdnh cdn tim ldL

Ki

hiQu

ci ci = 15.28 = 420 (hinh).

c. Bfu rAP
2.1. MOt c6i khay trdn dung bdnh keo ngiy Tdt c6 6 ngin hinh qu4t miu khdc
nhau. H6i c6 bao nhiu c6ch biy 6 loai b6nh keo vio 6 ngin d6 ?
2.2. C6 bao nhiu cdch xdp 5 b4n nam
hing ngang, sao cho :
a) Nam vi nt ngdi xen kC nhau ?
b) C6c b4n nam ngdi lidn nhau ?

vi

5 b4n nfi

vio

10 gh6

<luo.

c ke thinh

2.3. C6 bao nhi6u c6ch x6p ch6 ngdi cho 10 ban, trong d6 c6 An vd Binh,
10 ghd kc thlnh hing ngang, sao cho :
a) Hai ban An vi Binh ng6i canh nhau ?
b) Hai ban An vi Binh kh6ng ngdi canh nhau ?

vio

2.4. T\dy gi6o c6 ba quydn srich To6n khdc nhau cho ba ban mugn (m6i ban
m6t quydn). Sang tudn sau thdy girio thu l4i vi tidp tuc cho ba ban muon ba
quydn <16. H6i c6 bao nhiu cdch cho muon sdch mi kh6ng ban nho phii
muorr quydn di tlgc ?
2.5. Bdn ngudi dem 6ng, hai ngudi din bi vi m6t dr?a tr6 duo. c xdp ngdi vio
chidc gh6 d{t quanh mQt ban trdn. H6i c6 bao nhieu c6ch xdp sao cho :

biy

gita hai ngudi din bi ?

b) Dfa tr6 ngdi gifla hai ngudi din 6ng ?
a) Drla tr ngdi

2.6. Ba qui cdu duo.c ddt vao ba c6i h6p kh6c nhau (kh6ng nhdt thidt h6p nio
cfing c6 qui cdu). H6i c6 bao nhi0u c6ch d+t, ngu
a) C6c qui cdu gi6ng hOt nhau (khong phan biQt) ?
b) Cdc qui cdu d6i m6t khdc nhau ?
2.7. C6 bao nhiu cdch chia 10 ngudi thinh'
a) Hai nh6m, m6t nh6m 7 ngudi, nh6m kia 3 ngudi ?
b) Ba nh6m tuong rlng gdm 5, 3, 2 ngudi
62

2.8. MOt gi6 s6ch bdn tdng xdp 40 quydn sdch khdc nhau, m6i tdng xdp t0
quydn. H6i c6 bao nhi6u c6ch chon c6c quydn sdch sao cho tU m6i tdng c6
a) Hai quydn s6ch

b) T6m quydn sdch

2.9. Cb giito chia 4 qui t5o, 3 qui cam vh.2 qui chudi cho 9 ch6u (m6i ch6u
mOt qua). H6i c6 bao nhiu ciich chia kh6c nhau ?
2,10. Mqt dodn dai bidu gdm bdn hoc sinh duoc chon tt m6t td gdm 5 nam vtr
4 nt. H6i c6 bao nhi6u cdch chon sao cho trong d6 c6 ft nhdt m6t nam vi it
nhdt mot nt ?

2.11. C6 bao nhi6u tam gidc md c6c dinh cira chring thu6c mp hqp gdm
didm nim trcn dudng ffdn ?
2.L2.MOt da gi6c ldi 20 canh c6 bao nhiu duimg ch6o

l0

2.13. C6 bao nhiOu tap con cia tQp hqp gdm 4 didm phen biet ?
2.14- C6 bao nhiu c6ch xdp ch6 cho 4 ban nt vi 6 ban nam ng6i vdo 10 ghd
. ma khOng c6 hai ban n[ nio ngdi canh nhau, ndu
a) Ghd s6p thinh

ling

ngang ?

b) Ghd sip quanh m6t ban fidn ?

2.15. Chrimg minh rang

va I < k < n,

c::l = c: + C!-, + ... + C[*, + c!

2.16. Srl dung ddng nhdt thfic k2 = Cl"
12

+22 + ... * 12 =

+ZC!

dd chrirrg minh

ici -zt-cr
k=l

rlng

n(n+t)!u2n+t)
.

k=2

2.17. M61 l@ c6 50 hqc sinh. Cdn phdn c6ng 4 ban qu6t san nudng
a) Tinh sd c6ch phAn c6ng

vi

5 b4n x6n

ciy.

bing hai phuong phdp dd nit ra ding thfc

c?oct =clociu
b) Chrhg minh cdng thric Niu-ton

C','c:

=C:'C;-f

(n

)r>ft>0)'
63

2.18. Chrfoig minh ring ndu n

Cl

li

sd nguyn td tht v6i

1,2, ..., n - l, ta c6

chiahtcho n.

2.19. Trong m6t da gi6c ddu biy c4nh, k6 c6c duimg ch6o. H6i c6 bao nhiu
giao didm cria c6c dudng ch6o, trt cdc dinh ?
2.20, Tim sd c6c s6 nguyn duong gdm nlm cht sd sao cho m6i cht s6 cta sd
d6 l6n hon chfi sd I bn phii n6.

53. Nhithfic Niu-ton

A. KIEN THOC cAN NH6

l.
2.

Khi khai tridn nhi thrlc (a + b)', ta nhen

duo.

c c6ng thrlc

(a + b)a = Qa' + C)an-lb + ... + Cf;-rab'-r +

(cdng thfc Nhi thrlc Niu-ton).
Trong vd ph6i cia c6ng thrlc (1) ta c6 :
a) Sd c6c hang tir li z + I ;

b) Sd heng (h+ng trl) thf /. + 1 ld C! a"'k

bk

Clbn

, k =0,1,...2 (quy tt6c

(l)

a0 = I

vfi a + O).

c) Sd mfr cira a giirn ddn tt n <ldn 0, sd mii cira b tang den tt 0 ddn n,
nhrmg tdng cdc s6 mii cia a vi b trong m6i h4ng tt lu6n bing z.
d) C6c hang tir c6ch ddu fung tir ddu vi hang trl cu6i c6 hQ sd bing nhau.
B. VI DU

cVtdqt1
Khai tridn (*

a)s thinh tdng c6c don thfc.

Theo c6ng thtlc Nhi thfe Niu-tdn ta c6

(x-a)5 = [x+1-a)]5
= xs + 5xa (-a) + lox31-a12 + lox21-a)3 + Sx(-a)a + (-a)5

= *5 - 5roo + lox3az
64

- l0x2a3

+ 5xa4

a5.

-""?-,!+.!!EEl@

Tim sd hang khdng chfa

trong khai triCn

(r,-;)"

Gitii
khai triCn lh

Sb hang tdng qudt trong

r\t

C! tZ*.t6_k .\
.l __!_ |
e6\-^,
*, )

= g[26'r P11*
TaphAitimtsaocho

*e-*
6-3k= O nh4nduo.c ft=2.

Vfy sdh4ng cAn tim ld

CZZ6-2

(-t)2 =

c.

Zqa.

BATTAP

3.1. Tim sd hang th( nim trong khai tridn

/Lr+-lz)lo , mi trong khai tridn d6 s6

\

x,i

mii cria x giim ddn.

3.2. Vidt khai tridn
a)

Dtng ba

cia (l + x)6.

sd h4ng ttdu dd

tinh gdn dring

1,016.

b) Ding m6y tinh dd kidm tra kdt qui trn.

3.3. Bigr h sd ci.ra

,2 t ong khai tridn

3.4. Trong khai tridn cria (l

24x, sd hang thrl ba

lir

3.5. Trong khai tridn c0a

hang

ax)" ta cb sd hang tldu ld 1, sd hang thrl hai

252x2

(r

chfa x8. Tim a vi

s Br6ac fi-A

+
+

cira (l + 3.r)4 lA 90. Hdy tim n.

a)3

li

Hay tim a vd z.

(x

b)6,

hQ sd cira. 17

li -9 vi kh6ng c6 sd

D.

65

c6

94. Ph,6p thrl vd bi6n

A. KldN ru0c cAn

nu6

qui c6 thd xiy ra cira m6t ph6p thrt dugc ggi ld kh6ng gian
mdu cia ph6p thrl vi duo. c ki hiQu li O. Ta chi xdt cilc php thrl v6i kh6ng
gian mdu O le tAp htu han.
TAp hSp mgi kdt

cluo.c goili bidn cd.Tqp

khdng thd, tAp Q duo. c goi ld bih cd chdc chdn.

M6i tAp con A cria

f)

tugc ggild bidn cd

Ndu khi ph6p thil duo.c tidn hi,nh mi kdt qui cira n6 le mQt phen
n6i rhng A xAy ra" hay ph6p thrl li thuen loi cho A.

A = O \ A duo. c

Bidn c6

A vI

^B

d6i nhau

A x6y ra khi

goi ld bidn cd

.A

= B.

vd chi khi A khdng

xiy

ra.

Bidn cd A

a B xhy ra khi vI chi khi A vd B cing xiy

Ndu A

xiy ra khi vh chi khi A hoac B xiy

B = O th\ A

vi B duo. c

VI

ra.

DU

Gieo mdt con sric s6c cAn eldi, d6ng chdt

ti

ra.

goi ld, hai bih cd xung khdc.

B.

a) M6

ciraA thi ta

ttdi ctn A.

Bidn cd A

fi

vi

quan sit s6 chdm xudt hin.

khong gian miu.

b) X6c dinh odc bi6n cd sau

A : "Xudt hin mat chdn chdm"

B : "XuAt hien mit

16

chdm"

;,

C : "Xudt hiOn m4t c6 sd chdm kh6ng nh6 hon 3".

c) Trong c6c bidn cd tren, hey tim c6c bidn cd xung khic.

66

5-

BrOS&CTll

Gitii
a)

Ki hieu kdt qui "Con sfc

s6c xudt hiOn m4t & chdm"

(k= 1.2,....6). Khi d6 khdng

b)Tac6 A--12,4,61 ;
c) C6c bidn c6 A vd B

Tt

mQt hQp chrla 3

a) Xay

li

li t

gian m6u le O = { 1,2,3.4,5,6}.'

B={1,3,5};
vi

xung kh6c,

A r: B =

c = |.3,4,s,61.

bi tring, 2bi d6,ldy ngSu nhin ddng thdi 2 bi.

dmg kh6ng gian mf,u.

b) Xdc dinh cdc bi6n c6

A : "Hai bi cing miu tr'ing"

"Hai bi cing miu d6"
"Hai bi cing miu"

D : "Haibi kh6c miu".

c) Trong c6c bidn cd tren, h6y tim c6c bi6n c6 xung khic, cdc pidn c6
d6i nhau.

a) Cic bi tr6ng duo.c rl6nh s6 l, 2, 3. Cicbi tl6 tluo.c <I6nh s6 4, 5. Khi d6

kh6ng gian miu gdm c6c td hqp chip 2 cira 5 (s0). Trlc

li

o = { { l, 2},

{ 1,

3}, I l, 4}, lr, 51,

12,

3l',

12,

4L l?,

51, 13, 4}, {3,

5}, {4, s} }.

b) Ta c6

A=
B

{ { 1,

2],,

lr, 3l, 12, 3ll,

= fia,5ll,C

Aw B,D ='e

c) Tac6 AaB= A, AaD = A, BaD =@, C

xung khic ; D xung kh6c v6i c6c bi6n c6 A, B, C.

Vi D = C nOn C vi D li

aD = @.Dod6A viB

hai bi6n cd d6i nhau.

67

c.
4.1. Gieo m6t ddng tidn ba ldn

vi

BATTAP

quan s6t su xudt hin mit sdp (S), m{t ngrla (N).

a) Xey dqng kh6ng gian m6u.

b) Xric dinh c6c bidn cd

A : "Ldn gieo ddu xudt hiQn mat sdp" ;

B "Ba ldn xudt hi0n cdc met nhu nhau"
C

"Dring hai ldn xudt hi0n mit sdp"

D : "it nhdt mot ldn xudt hi6n mdt

sdp"

4.2. Gieo m6t ddng tidn, sau d6 gieo m6t con sfc sic. Quan siit su xudt hien mlt
sdp (.$), mlt ngua (N) cira ddng tidn vi sd ch{m xudt hien trn con sric s6c.
a) XAy dmg kh6ng gian miu.

b) Xric dinh ciic bin cd sau

A : "D6ng tidn xudt hin mit

sdp

vi

B : "Ddng tin xudt hiOn mlt ngta

con sfc s6c xudt hiOn mdt chin chdm"

vi

con sric sic xudt hiQn mdt

C : "Mat 6 chdm xudt hiQn".

4.3. MQt con sric s6c duo. c gieo ba ldn. Quan sdt sd chdm xudt hin.
a) Xay dung khdng gian m6u.
68

16

chdm"

;
.;

b) X6c dinh cr{c bidn c6 sau

A : "Tdng

s6 chdm ffo.ng ba ldn gieo

li

6"

B : "Sd chdm fiong len gieo thrl nhdt bing tdng cdc sd chdm cira ldn gieo

vi

thrl hai

thrl ba".

g5. X6c sudt

c0o bi6n cd
A. KIEN THUC cAN NH6

1.

Ndu A

li

bidn cd lin quan ddn ph6p thrl chi c6 mdt sd htu han c6c kdt qui
duo.c ggi
= 1*
,'(c)) -

ddng khri nang xudt hiQn thi ri sd P(A)

bidn c6A. X6c su{t c6 c6c tinh chdt sau
a) P(A) > 0.

vA

sudt cia

tir xtic

b)P(o)=l:
c) Ndu A

vi

8li

hai bidn cd xung khic ctng lin quim ddn ph6p tht thi

P(AuB)=P(A)+P(B)
(c6ng thfc c6ng xdc sudt).

Md rQng: Vdi hai bidn c6A vi B bdt ki cing li6n quan ddn ph6p rhri rh)

P(Av

2.

Hai bi6n cd A

B) = P\A) + P(B)

P(A

B)'

vi B duo. c ggi lir dQc lQp, ndu su xiy ra cira niot

trong.hai

bi6n cd khdng inh huong dn xdc sudt xrly ra ctra bidn c6 kia.

Ngudi ta chring minh

duo. c

ring, A vdB doc lap khi vi chi khi

P\A^B)=P(A)P(B).

Ngoiira,AviBdQclAp<+ A viEd6cl{p<+Ava B dOclape A vd A

dQc

l{p.
69

B.

VI DU

.VtdttI
Ldy ng6u nhiOn mdJ the tU mOJ hQp chrla 20 th
Tim x6c sudt dd th6 duo.c ldy ghi s6
a)

iluo. c

d6nh sd

tt I

dn 2O.

Chin;

b) Chiahdtcho 3 ;
c) L6 vd chia hdt cho 3.

Gidi
Kh6ng gian mf,u O = 11, 2, ..., 201. Ki hiQu A, B, C lir cdc bidn c6 tuong
ting vdi cAu a). b). c). Ta c6 :
a)

12, 4,

b)B=13.

6,...,201,n(A) = 10, n$4

=2n=

P(A) =

*20 = r,t.

6,s.12.15.18),P(B)=*=03

c) C = { 3, 9, 15]l, P(C) =

-:-

= 0,15.

cVldu2
MOt ldp c6 60 sinh viCn trong d6 40 sinh vi6n hgc tidng Anh, 30 sinh
viOn hoc tidng Ph6p vtr 20 sinh vin hoc cn tidng Anh vd tidng Phdp.
Chon ngiu nhin m6t sinh vin. Tinh xdc su{t cria c6c bi6n cd sau

A : "Sinh viOn

duo.

c chgn hgc ti6ng Anh" ;

b) B : "Sinh vi6n

duo.

c cho.n chi hgc tidng Phdp"

c) C : "Sinh viOn

duo.

c chon hoc

a)

d)

ci tidng Anh 16n tidng Ph6p"

D : "Sinh vien duoc chgn kh6ng hgc tidng Anh vd tidng

Gidi

70

Rd

rinp

rt

d6 P(A

p61\=

39

=.?. rrrr= = 1 vip(A

603-602603

u B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A r't B)'323

= 1.

B')=

p = !.

+- I = 16

Phdp ".

P(D) = P(A r\ B) =

D6li

x6c sudt

cho.

P(AuB) = I - P(Aw B)= I -

:5t= -.
66

n duQE sinh vin kh6ng hoc cri tidng Anh ldn tidng Phdp.

Gieo mQt con sfc s6c cAn ddi vd <l6ng chdt hai ldn. Tinh xdc su{t sao cho
tdng sd chdm trong hai ldn gieo li sd chin.

Ki

Gidi
A : "Ldn dAu xudt hiOn mlt chin chdm" ;
B : "Ldn thf hai xudt hi6n mat chdn ch{m ";

hiQu

C : "Tdng sd chdm trong hai ldn gieo

Ta c6 C

li

chdn".

= AB wAE. oe thdy ABva A.B xung khic

nen

e(c)= r(ea)+ P(AE).

Vi

A vi B dOc lAp nn A

vi B oiing dQc lfp, do d6

Itti

P(c)=e(e)r(n)+e(;)r(f =+ +.; +=+

c. BA TAP
5.1. MQt td c6 7 nam vd 3 nfi. Chon nglu nhi0n hai ngudi. Tim x6c sudt sao cho
trong hai ngudi d6 :
a) Ci hai cldu

lI nt;

b) Khong c6 n[ nio

c) it nhdt mot ngudi

li nii;

d) C6 dring m6t ngudi le nt.

5.2. MQt hQp chrla 10 quf, cdu d6 duo.c d6nh sd tt I ddn 10, 20 qui cdu xanh
duo. c d6nh s6 tt 1 ddn 20. L6y ng6u nhin m6t qui. Tim x6c su{t sao cho
qui duo. c chgn :
a)

Chi sd chdn

b) Mnu d6

7t

c) Miu
d)

116

vi ghi sd chdn ;

Miu xanh hoac ghi

s6

16.

5.3. C6 5 ban nam vi 5 ban n[ xdp ngdi ngiu nhi0n quanh

x6c sudt sao cho nam, nt ngdi xen k nhau.
5.4. Kdt qui (b, c) ci.ra vi0c gieo con sric sic cAn d6i
d6 b ld sd chdm xudt hin trong ldn gieo ddu, c
gieo thrl hai, duo. c thay vio phuong trinh bfc hai

+bx+

vi

li

bin trbn. Tinh

tl6ng chdt hai ldn, trong

sd ch{m xudt hien 0ldn

=o.

Tinh xric sudt dd

a) Phuong trinh v6 nghiem ;

b) Phuong trinh c6 nghiem k6p

c) Phuong trinh c6 nghi6m.

5.5. Mot hQp chrla 10 qui cdu duo. c ddnh sd tt I ddn 10, ddng thdi c6c qui tt I
ddn 6 duo. c son miu d6. Ldy ng6u nhin mOt qui. Ki hiQu A li bidn cd :
"Qui ldy ra miu d6", B li bidn c6 : "Qui ldy ra ghi s6 ch6n". H6i A vd ^B c6
dQc lfp kh6ng ?

5.6. MQt con sfc s6c cin ddi vd ddng ch{t

duo. c

gieo hai ldn. Tinh x6c sudt

sao cho
a) Tdng sd ch{m cira hai ldn gieo l}r 6'

b) it nhdt mQt ldn gieo xudt hitn mat mot chdm.

5.7. Trong ki kidm fia chdt lugng & hai khtii l6p, m6i kh6i c6 25Vo hgc sinh
truot To6n, l57o tnrQt Li vd ljVo tnrot ci To6n lin Lf. Tt m6i khdi chqn
ngiu nhin m6t hoc sinh. Tinh x6c sudt sao cho
a) Hai hoc sinh d6 truot To6n ;
b,)

Hai hoc sinh d6 ddu bi truo mot m6n nho d6

c) Hai hoc sinh d6 kh6ng bi trugt mOn ndo

d) C6 it nhdt mQt trong hai hoc sinh bi truot it nhdt mot mon.

5.8. Cho A vi B lh irai bidn cd tlQc lap v6i P(A) = 0,6 ; P(B) = 0,3

P(Aw B);
bt P<AwEt.

a)

72

Tffi

5,9. Til m6t c6 bai fii lo kho g6m 52 con, ldy ngiu nhi6n ldn lugt c6 holm lai dmg
con cho ddn khi ldn <ldu ticn ldy duoc con 6t thi dung. Tinh xdc su{t sao cho
a) Qud trinh ldy dung l4i E ldn thrl hai

b) Qud trinh ldy drmg lai sau kh6ng qu6 hai ldn.

Bni tqp 6n chudng ll

L.

Xdp ngiu nhin ba ngudi din 6ng, hai ngud din be va m6t dfa b6 vho ngdi
trOn 6 c6i ghd xdp thnnh hAng ngang. Tinh x6c sudt sao cho
a) Drta b6 ngdi

gita hai ngudi dan bi

b) Drla b6 ngdi gita hai ngudi din 6ng.

2.
3.
4.

Cfing h6i nhu bdi

nhrmg 6 ghd duo. c xdp quanh bin trdn.

C6 bao nhiu c6ch xdp 7 ngudi vdo hai ddy ghd sao cho day ghd tldu c6 4
ngudi ve diy sau c6 3 ngudi.
Chring minh

a'1ci-l

ring :

=i"f

, (t<m<n);

b) CX*^ = Cl*n-r

Cl*n-r, 0 s m,n).

5.

Tinh xdc su{t sao cho trong 13 con bii tf lo kho duo. c chia ngf,u nhiOn.cho
ban Blnh c6 4 con pich,3 con 16,3 con ca vi 3 con nhip.

6.

Gii sirA vi a la hai bidn cd vi

a),

7.

P(A^B)
P(ilTF6=t-ai

#ifu=

a. Chrlns minh ring

-'21 < a< l.

br

Hai hop chrla cdc qui cAu. HQp thf nhdt chrla 3 qui d6 vi 2 qui xanh, hdp
thrl hai chfa 4 qui d6 vd 6 qui xanh. Ldy ngiu nhi6n tt m6i h6.p m6t qu6'
Tinh x6c su{t sao cho
a) Ci hai qu6 ddu

<16 ;

b) Hai quri ctng miu

c) Hai qurl kh6c mlu.

73

rdr erAr

- nu6ne oAN - oAp s6 cruorue

tr

sl.
1.1. Theo quy t6c nhdn, c65

x4 x 3 =60c6chchon.

LZ. Ap dung quy tic nhAn, c6

8x6=48cdchchon.
cht sd hAng dcrn vi
C6 9 cdch chgn cht sti hdng chuc.

1.3. a) C6 5 c6ch chon

Theo quy

Itr sd

chin.

tic nhln, c6 5 x 9 = 45 sd chdn gdm hai cht

li

b) C6 5 c6ch chgn cht sd hlng don vi

sd

sd.

16.

C6 9 cdch chon cht sd hing chuc.

Viy

c6 5 x 9 = 45 sd

16

gdm hai cht sd (c6 thC gi6ng nhau).

li

c) C6 5 c6ch chon cht sd hing dor vi

C6

sd 16

8 c6ch chon chi sd hing chuc mi kh6c chfi

V{y c6 5 x

8 = 40 sd 16 gdm hai

cht

s6 himg dcm

vi.

s6 khdc nhau.

d) Sd cdc s6 chdn c6 hai chil s6, t6n cing blng 0

li

9.

Dd t4o'nn sd chin khdng chdn chgc, ta chon chit sd hing tlon vi khdc 0.
C6 4 cdch chgn. Tidp theo chon chfi sd hing chuc. C6 8 c6ch chon. Viy
theo quy tic c6ng vi quy tic nhin, ta c6

9+8x4=47
sd ch6n gdm hai

cht

sd khdc nhau.

1.4. a) C6 10 cdch chon ngudi den 6ng. Khi di chon ngudi din 6ng rdi, chi c6
1 c6ch chon ngudi din bi li vo cria ngudi din 6ng d6. Vfy c6 10 c6ch.

b) C6 l0 c6ch chgn ngudi di,n 6ng. Khi di chon ngudi den 6ng rdi, c6
9 c6ch chgn ngudi den bi kh6ng li vo cia ngudi dan 6ng d6. Vny c6
l0x9=90cdchchgn.
1.5. Phan t(ch sd 360 thinh tich c6c

thia

sd nguyn td 360 = 23 . 32 . S.

*J a D,

/v6i0 <m<3,0<n<2,0<p< l.

udc cira 360ph6i c6 dang d=2'.3n.

VAy theo quy t6c nhan, ta c6 (3 + l) (2 +
cira 360.
74

l)

(1 +

l)

= 24 udc nguyOn duong

1.6. Ndu vidt 00345 thi ta hidu d6 ltr sd c6 ba cht sd 345. Vdi quy u6c nhu vey
ta li luin nhu sau : Tt ddy hinh thtlc ***** ta Hn lugt thay dn'u * b&i c6c
cht sd. Chfi sd 3 c6 5 c6ch drt, khi da dit sd 3, c6 4 c6ch ddt sd 4, c6 3
cdch dnt s6 5. Khi dd dit xong cric sd 3, 4, 5 rdi cdn hai ch6 n[a. Ta c6 7
c6ch dnt m6t trong 7 sd cdn lai vdo ch6 ddu * dAu ticn tinh ti bcn tr6i vi 7
c6ch tl{t cht s6 vio ddu * cdn l4i. Vfy ttreo quy t6c nhan, c6 5 . 4 . 3 . 7 . 7 = 294O
sd nguyn duorg khdng vugt que 100000 mi chrla.mQt cht s6 3, mQt cht
sd 4 vd m6t chf sO 5.

1.7. C6 5 c6ch di tU A ddn B. D6n B r6i, c6 4 cdch tr& vd A md kh6ng di qua

con drrdng de di tU A ddn B. V{y c6 5 .4 = 2O cich tli tt A tl6n B rdi tr& vd
A md khOng dudng nio di hai ldn.

cht s6 ;
C6 9.9 sd nguyen ducmg gdm hai cht sd kh6c nhau ;
C6 9.9.8 sd nguyn duong gdm ba cht sd kh6c nhau.

1.8. Cd 9 s6 nguy6n duong gdm mQt

VAy sd c6c

sO

cdn tim ld
9 + 9.9 19.9.8 = 738.

tic nhin c6 10.5.4 = 200 cdch chon.

L.10. Ki hiu A vi B ldn luqt le mp cdc hoc sinh deng ki mdn b6ng dd vd cdu
l6ng. Ta c6 AwB =40. Theo quy tic c6ng m6 r$ng ta c6
n(Aa B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(Av B)
1.9. Theo quy

=30+25-40=

15.

Vfly c6 15 em ding ki choi hai m6n thd thao.

s2.
2.1. C6 6t = 72O cich biy bdnh kgo.

2.2.Dd

xdc dinh, c6c gh6 duo. c d6nh s6

thf

tU

a) Ndu c6c ban nam ngdi & c6c ghd ghi s6

til I ddn

16

10 tinh

tt rei sang phAi.

thl cdc ban nt ngdi

& cdc ghd cdn

l4i. C6 5! c6ch xdp ban nam, 5! cdch xdp ban nt' Tdt cA c6 (5!)2 c6ch xdp.
Ndu c6c ban nam ngdi & cic ghd ghi sd chdn, c6c ban nfi ngdi & c6c ghd cdn
14i thi c6 (5!)2 c6ch x6p nam vi nt' V{y c6tii-ce2 .6Dz c6ch xdp nam nt
ngdi xen kE nhau.
75

b) Cic ban nam

c b6 tri ngdi & c6c gh6 rD k ddn k + 4, k = l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Trong m6i tru&rg hqp c6 (5!)2 cdch xdp nam vi nt. Viy c6 6.(5!)2 c6ch
xdp mi cdc b4n nam ngdi canh nhau.
duo.

2.3. a) C6 2 .9 = 18 cdch xdp ch6 cho An vi Binh ngdi canh nhau, 8 ban kia
dugc xdp vio 8 ch6 cdn l4i. V{y c6 8! c6ch xdp 8 ban cdn lai vi do d6 c6
18.8 ! cdch xdp sao cho An, Binh ngdi c4nh nhau.
b) C6 l0! c6ch xdp ch6 ngdi cho l0 ban. Ti d6 c6 10! 18.8t = 72.81 c6ch
xdp ch6 cho 10 ban md An vh Binh kh6ng ng6i canh nhau.

2.4. Dd, xitc <I!nh, ba ban duo. c d6nh s6 l, 2, 3. Ki hieu A, li t{p hqp cr{c c6ch cho
mucm mi b4n thrl i duo. c thdy gi6o cho muon lai cudn da dgc ldn tru6c
(i = 1,2,3). Ki hiQu Xli tnp hqp c6c c6ch cho mucrn l?i. Theo bii ra cdn tinh

n [X\(,41 w
Ta c6 n(A1w A2w

A) = n(A)

Ar)).

- n(A1 n A) - n(A1 a \) - n(A2 n Ar) + n(A, a A2 r-t A3)

--21

+ n(Ar) + n(Ar)

+2t +2!

n(n=3!=6.

Ttd6

Arw

- t- 1 -

I + 1 =4,

z[X\(AlvAzwA)l=6-4=2.

2.5. a) Xp hai ngudi din bi ngdi canh nhau. C6 2 c6ch. Sau d6 xdp drla tr6
ngdi vio gita. C6 1 c6ch. Xdp 4 ngudi din 6ng vio 4 ghd cdn lai. C6 4!
cdch. Theo quy tic nhfln, c6 2 . 4r. = 48 c6ch.
b) Ddu tien chon hai ngu8i dan ong. C6 Cf, cdch. Xdp hai ngudi d6 ngdi canh
nhau. C6 2 cdch. Sau d6 xdp drla tr6 vio giila. C6

vio 4 ghd cdn lai . C6 4.

cdch. Vdy theo quy t6c

cdch. Xdp 4 ngudi cdn l4i

nhin, c6 C? .2.41= 288

"ecn.

2.6. a) Trong tnrdng hqp niy, sd cdch d4t bing sd c6c nghi0m (x1, 12, x3) nguy0n,
khong im cia phuong trinh -r1 +x2-tx3=).Ttd6, tlip sti cdn tlm

b) Qui thri nhdt c6 3 c6ch dat ;

QuA thrl hai c6 3 cdch dat

Qui thri ba c6 3 c6ch dit.

Vny sd cdch d4t lit 33 =
76

27 .

Cs2

= 10.

2.7. a) Chon 7 ngudi

tt

l0 ngudi dd lAp mOt nh6m,

khdc. Vfly sd cdch chia

li

ba ngudi cdn lai

vio nh6m

C16.

b) Tuong tu, kdt qua lA Cio.C3.

2.8. a) C6

Cls

cdch cho.n hai quydn

tt

tdng thrl k, k =

l,2,3,

4. Yf;y c6 rit

cA

(Cfu)a crich chon.

b) Tucmg tu, c6

1C186)a

= G?o)4 c6ch chgn.

2.9. Ddu ti6n coi ci4c qui li kh6c nhau. Do vAy c6 9! cdch chia. Nhrmg cdc qui
ctng loai (t6o, cam, chudi) ld gi6ng nhau, nOn ndu c6c ch6u c6 cing loai
qui ddi cho nhau thi v6n chi mQt c6ch chia. Vi v{y, sd cdch chia

9l

4l3t2t

li

li

126o.

C6 thd giei theo cr{ch kh6c nhu sau

Chon 4 trong 9 chdu dd ph6t trio. C6

tld phdt cam. C6

Cf

Cl

cich. Chon 3 trong 5 chr{u cbn lai

cr[ch. Chudi sC ph6t cho hai ch6u cdn l4i.

V{y

c6

Cl.c! =r26s.6.6.
2.10. Ki hiQu X IA tap hqp cdc clod,n dai bidu, A, B ldn lugt
bidu gdm toin nam vi toi,n nt. Theo bli ra, cdn tim

rac6

v4y

z [X\(A w B)l = n(b - n(A v B) = n(b

n(b= C$, n(il= Cl, n@)= 6!.

ztx\(A u B)l = ct

C!

- ct :

2.11. Cf ba didm dmg dud.c mQt tam gi6c. Vi

li tip c6c doin d4i

n(A)

n(B)

tzo.

vly c6 thd drng dugc Clo =

126

li

20.

tam gi6c.
2.12.

doan ndi hai dinh cia da gi6c dd cho th Cls, sd cenh cira <la gi6c

Vey sdtluCrngchnld Cl.n-2O =170.

2.13. Sd tAp con cria tap hgp g6m bdn didm

Q,

+ctn+cl

+Q+cf

li

=rc.
77

2.14. a) Xdp 6 nam vio 6 ghd c4nh nhau. C6 6! c6ch. Gifra cdc ban nam c6 5
khoing trdng ctng hai ddu d6y, nn c6 7 ch6 c6 thd det ghd cho nt. BAy
gid chgn 4 ffong 7 vi tri tld

tllt

4! c6ch. Vay c6 6!. Cl . +t =

ghd. C6

120.7 1

Cl

cilch. X6p

nt vio 4 ghd tl6. C6

cich xdp mi kh6ng c6 hai b4n ntr nio

ngdi c4nh nhau.

b) X6p 6 ghd quanh bin trdn rdi x6p nam vio ngdi. C6 5! c6ch. Gita hai nam
c6 khori.ng tr6ng. Xdp 4

nt vio 4 trong

Theo quy t6c nhin, c6

5l A! =

6 khoang trdng

432OA

<16.

C6 ,4f c6ch.

cich.

2.15. Ta c6

cfi!=c!+cf.l
c:'t =clr+c!11
')r*,
7-t
-orr--'f*r+Cli!

ru

d6

C:il = C: + c!-, + ... + cf., + c!i!

=

2.16. Ta co

nnn
= Z k2 =

k=l

c! + c!-,

+ ... +

LCI * 2Z

k=l

Khi tti chqn

Cho.

ctuo.c 9 b4n

c[.

C7. Kdt hqp v6i bei tgp 2. 1 5, ta

duo. c

k=2

r-12 t,r.3 -n(z+l)

,r-vn+|lLvn+|_23_6
2.17. a) Cdch thrt nhdt.

c!*,

-(n-l)n(n+1)

n 9 b4n trong 50 ban dd

lim

-n(n

+l'l(2n +

trUc nhAt. C6 Clo c6ch.

rdi, chon 4 trong 9 b4n tt6 dd qu6t san. C6

Titt6, theo quy t6c nhan, cO Clo. C{

l\

Cea

cdch

c6ch phln c6ng.

Cdch thrt hai. Chgn 4 trong 50 b4n dd qu6t san, sau d6 chgn 5 trong 46 ban
cdn lai tld x6n

ciy.

YQy

c6 C!s. Cfu cdchphAn cong.

Tir d6 ta c6 dlng thrlc cdn chrlng minh.

b) Lfp lu{n tuorlg tu.
78

2.18. C6 thd chrlng minh d6 dnng <ting thrlc sau

rci=ng;-l
Vi n li

sd nguyn td vh

Q=1,2,...,n-1).

r < n, n6n

r li

u6c cria Cj.

2.19. M6i giao clidm cia irai rluong ch6o rlng v6i mQt va chi m6t tap hgp gdm 4

didm tU t4p hqp 7 tlinh cria tla gi6c. V{y c6

Cl = 35 giao diCm.

2.20. C6 C15e cdch chon 5 chfi sd khdc nhau dd l4p s6 cdn thi6t. Nhung khi <Ia
c6 5 cht sd kh6c nhau rdi, chi c6 m6t c6ch xdp 5 chfi sd d6 dd tao nn sd
cdn thidt.

V{y c6 Cle = 252 s6.

$s.
3.1. Sdhang

thft + I trong khai tridn li

'*-'

C6''o-*(?)

v{v r, = ,{,.*-(1)- =2:of

D6P s6

,\

: ts = 3360x2.

3.2. (l + r)6 = I + 6x + l5x2 + 20x3 +l5xa

a)

1,016

1,016

3.3. So h4ng thf

+61

+ x6.

= (1+0,01)6 = 1+6x0,01+ 15x(O0l)2 = 1,9615.

b) Ding mdy tinh ta nh{n

it

=x,c,*2.

&

+I

dud. c

^v

1,061520151.

cira khai tridn

li

cl?ik. v{y s6 hang chita x2 l

b = i:9.x2.

Theo

bii

ra ta c6

g.C:=90eC3=10<+n=5.
79

-f.-.FF!!B?

3.4. Ta c6

Theo

(l +

bii

ax)n

= t + Ctax

+'Claxi +...'

ra

[clo=u
1i:,,, =

zsz

3,5. 56 h4ng chira x7

fna=z+
-Daz

l"@

+
252

h (4.4, etz

sd heng ihrtu rE re

(4.clt-al

[na =24

ir, - ,lo =

+ c)a.clga1 + cl

c!a.Q)

x8.

fs* - tSot + 3a2 = -9 *{a'=t

fa = 2b

{*r*ro=o

la = 3
{
+
2t

[n=8.

oz

Q)

rheo.bli ra ta c6

lr=2
1r=t

= lo=-2
t, = -,.

s4.
4.1. a) Kh6ng gian milu cd
61

b) A

dqqg:

{ SSS, SSN, SNS, NSS, S.lvil, NSN, NNS,

= { sss,sNs,sSN,sNN }

B= {Sss,lrN/v}

iVNr }.

c = {ssN, sNs, ivss}

o={wrviv}=o\{NNN}.
4.2.

a\ Ct = lSl, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,

b) A = ls2, s4, s6) ;
B=

{Nl, N3, N5}

c = [s6, N6].
80

x7'

Nl, N2, N3t N4, {V5, N6 }.

4.3.

a) O

(r,

j, ft) I 1 < i, j, k < 6l,gdm

c6c chinh hgp chap 3 cria 6 (s6 ch{m).

b) A = {(1, 1,4), (1, 4, t),(4,1, 1), (1, 2,3),

(3, r, 2), (3, 2, t), (2, 2, 2)l :

B=

1, 1), (3,

lQ,

(2,1,3), (1, 3,2),(2,3\ t),

r,2), (3,2, r), (4, l, 3), (4, 3, t), (4,2,2), (s,

(s,4,1),(s,2,3),(5,3,2),(6,1, s), (6, s, r),(6,2,4),(6,4,2),

(6,

:,

1, 4),
311.

$s.
5.1. 56 cdch chgn

li

KI
1,2.

C,26.

tlfng/cnt",k=0,

a) CAn tinh p(A ).ra c6

b) rucrrre tu,P(zqo)

hiQu 41

p(A) =

li

bi6n cd : " Trong hai ngudi dd chon, c6

H= *= *=*

4
=4 = -7.
c?o 4s 15'

c)

r(Ao)=1-P(/o):r-*=*

d)

clc\ zt 7
P(A,)=A=os=,s

5.2. R6 rlng trong hpp c6 30 qui v6i 15 qui ghi sd chdn, 10 quri miu <16, 5 quA
miu d6 ghi s6 chfrn, 25 qui miu xanh ho{c ghi sd 16. V{y theo dfnh nghia

b)p(B)=!=1,

a)p(A)=11=1,

303

30 2'
c)p(o=1=1,
306

d)P(D)=

4=1,
306

trong d6 A, B, C, D ld cic bi6n cd tucrng ring v6i c6c cau a), b), c), d).
5.3. 56 cdch xdp quanh bin trbn

Ki

hiQu

Ta

c6

li

bi6n cd: "Nam

n(A) = 43

&Broarsrr{-a

li

z(O) = !1.

nt ngdi xen kE nhau".

51 vi

P(A) = L15!

'

0,008.
81

'-5*.@F

5.4. Kh6ng gian m6u O = {(b, c) : I < b, c < 61. Ki hiQu A, B, C ltr c6c bi6n c6
cen tim xdc sudt ring v6i c6c ciu a), b), c). Ta c6 L, = b2 - 4c.

a)A= l(b,c) e Alb2 -4c <Ol

= {(1, 1), (r,2), ...,(1,6),(2,2), ...(2,6), (3, 3), (3,4),

(3, 5), (3,6),

(4,5), (4,6)1.

!.
36

n(A)=6+5 +4+ z= 17, P(A)=

b)B= {(0, c) e O I b2 -

4c =01

= t(2, r), (4, 4)t.

)1
TU d6 p(B) - -:- = -:-.

36

c)c=

18

A. veyP(c)

=r-*=*

5.5. Kf hiQu A

li

bidn c6: "Qu6 l5y ra miu d6" ;

bidn cd "Quri ldy ra ghi s6 chdn".

a) Kh0ng gian

miu O = ll,2, ..., 101 ;

A= 1r,2,3,4,s,61.

63
P(At=-=-.

Tird6

105

fidptheo, B= 12,4,6,8, tOl vi

P(B)=*

=lr.

rath{y p(AB)=
5.6. R5 ring O = {(,,

Ki

hie.

.,4,

nB= t2.4,61.

r1ee1=fi.
3

l = r1e!r1s),,aye viI a6c lap.

j) : I < i, j < 6}.

: "I;ln tldu xu{t hin mdt

chdm" ;

B, : "Ldn thf hai xu{t hien m{t I chdm"

C : "Tdng s6chdm

li

6"

D : "Met I ch{m xudt hien ft nhdt mQt ldn"

82

Dod6

AIDG'OIII . B

a)

ra c6 C : {(1, s), (5, 1), (2, 4), (4, 2), (3, 3) l, P(C) =

4,

b) Ta c6

Br tlQc lfp

36

vi D = At u Bl nen

P(D)=P(4)+P(4)- p(nn)
= *.:

* *=*

4, 4, 4ldn lu$ le c6c bidn cd : "Hoc sinh duo.c chgn tt khdi /

trugt Toen, Lf, Ho6" i 4, Bz, B, ldn lugt lh c6c bidn cd : "Hgc sinh duo. c

5.7. Kf hie.u
chgn

4 ,I

ti

kh6i 1I truqt Tofn, Li, Ho6". RO ring v6i mqi (i,

Ai

a) cdn

p(er\).Ta

b) X6c sudt cAn tfnh

.
c)Dat A=
va

r(,q4,)

c6

H P((Ar v A,

P(Av

p(7

)=

ra

83)

Cdntinrr

r(a)r(a ) = 7r -

= ;,+=

r(enF). oo a

4e'\2 =

(r' = i

p141+ P(B)

- P(AB)

- P(AB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A)P(B)

0,6+0,3-0,18=0,72.
u a) = t - P(AB)= 1 -0,18 = 0,82.

5.9. Ki hiQu 41 : "Ldn thf k l{y duo.c con 6t", * > 1. R6

a)

i i =+

B).

l1l3
=-+---=-'
224
5.E. a) P(A w B)

bidn cd

rt Ar\^ (4 v nz v 4))

Arv4.vA3,B=4ukuBr.

Ta c6 P(A \J B) = P(A) + P(B)

t) r(a

= P(A,)P(8,) =

erv g).r(Brv 4u

= P(A, v

aqc rip, ta c6

d) Cdn tinh

cdc

lfp.

dQc

tinh

),

cAn

tlnh

p(4 a 4). ra c6 P(7r

^

ring

42

<lQc

lflp.

4) = P(4)P(4) = #

A1,

83

bii

b) Theo

ra cdn tinh

P(Ar) + P(A,

n A)

4 484
-.
--+
52 52 52

=0.15.

Bnitqp 6n chuong ll

1.

Kh6ng gian miu gdm cdc ho6n vi cr)a 6 ngudi. Vay n(O) = 6!.

Ki

hiQu

li bi6n c6 : "Drla b6 duo. c xdp gita hai ngudi den ba" ;

B li bidn c6: "Drla b6 duo.c x6p gita hai ngudi din 6ng".
A

a) Dd tao nOn mQt c6ch xdp

ti6n hinh nhu sau :

mi

drla b6 duo. c xdp

gita hai ngudi dM be, ta

Xep dfa b6 ngdi vio ghd thrl hai <ldn ghd thf nam . C6 4 cdch.

Ilng vdi m6i c6ch xdp dfa b6, c6 2 cdch xdp hai ngudi din bi.

- Khi dd xdp hai ngudi dan btr vh drta b6, xdp ba ngudi clin 6ng vio c6c ch6
cdn lai. C6

3l cich.

Theo quy t6c nhfln, ta c6 n(A) = 4.2.31 = 48.

Tird6

6!= 15

Patl=48

b) Dd tao nen mdt c6ch xdp mi chia b6 ngdi gita hai ngudi dln Ong, ta ti6n
hdnh nhu sau :

Xdp <illa b6 veo cdc ghd thf hai ddn thrl nIm. C6 4 cich.

Chon hai trong sdba ngudi dan 0ng. C6 C? = 3 cilch.

Xdp hai ngudi dtrn Ong ngdi hai bOn drla b6. C6

cdch.

- Xdp ba ngudi cdn lai vlo ba ch6 cdn lai. C6 3! c6ch. Theo quy tic nhin,
ta c6

n(B)=4.

vav
'-6!
84

Q .2.3t=r44.

pul=Y=!.
5

2.

Sd c6ch xdp 6 ngudi quanh

bin trdn

ll

5!. Vdy kh0ng gian m6u c6

51,

l2O

phdn t&.
a) Tinh n(A)

- C6 I cfich xdp dfa bd

-

C6 2 c,6ch xdp hai ngudi din bd ngdi hai bOn dfa b6 ;

C6 3! cdch xdp ba ngubi dln 0ng.

Vly
Tird6

n(A)=2.31 =12.

PAI=''2 =-.I

120 l0

b) Tucmg tu

n(B)=

a63
" =-.
t20 10

P(B\=

3.

'

Chgn 4 ngudi tld xdp

xdp

vio

gh

b ddy ddu : c6

,$

c6,ch.Cdn'l4i 3 ngudi

HD. Ding c6ng thric tfnh s6 td trqp.

bli ln cjl.

K( hiQu A : "Trong 13 con

ra

c6

vly
6.

$ Sl = 5(X0 cdch xdp.

5. ' Sd cdch nit ra 13 con

vio

3l = 36.

3 ghd & dAy sau : c6 3! c6ch.

vay c6 t{r ca

4.

.2.

. C3

a)

MP(A

bii

Nhu

vly n@) = Cl\.

c6 4 con pich, 3 con 16, 3 con co

n(A) =

cL.C;.iZ =

;h

P(A) =

;;*r3
4!(3!)'.u,,

= o,ooooo2.

B) = P(A) + P(B)

P(A

B)

- P(AuB)

P(A) + P(B)

vi

3 con nhdp".

nn

- P(Av B\

=l-a.
85

. -..:?;*F

b)\nP(duB)=P(d)+P(g)!P(A^B)<P(A)+P(B),
P(A U B)
(l)
nen
a=
r<1.
,:

Met kh6c, 2P(Av B) = P(Aw B) + P(A

vly

-r
,=##:fur+.

K6t hgp vdi (1), ta c6

7. Kf

u B) > P(d)+ P(8).

hiQu A : "Qui ldy tt

o<

l.

h6.p thrt nhdt

miu tl6"

B : "Qui ldy ttt hQp thrt hai miu d6".

Ta thdy A vd B dQc l{p.
a) Cdn tinh P(A

n B). Ta c6 P(An B)= P(A) P(B) =

b) ccn tlnh x6c su{t cria

Do tinh xung khic

vi

= (A

<tQc

llp

c)CCn tinh P(d)..Tac6 P(C)

86

B)

(A

AA
:.-:

= 0,24.

n 8).

cira c6c bi6n

c{,t4 c0

=r - P(C)= I -0,48=0,52.

e*,"r

il1.

DAY SO

CAP SO CONG VA GAP SO NHAN

gl. Phuong ph6p quy ngp to6n hgc

n.

1.

ruru

Dd chring minh mQt mQnh dd

rx0c cAH ttx6

li

thing vdi moi n e N* blng phuong ph6p

quy n?p todn hoc, ta tidn hinh hai bu6c

ring mnh d dfng vdi r = 1.

Btt6c2:Gia thidr menh d dring v6i mot sd tunhien bdt ki n = k(t > l) (ra
ggi li giA thidt quy n?p) vi chrlng minh ring n6 ciing dring v6i n = k + 1.
Budc

: Kidm tra

2. Trong trudng hqp phii chrlng minh m6t menh dd

nhin n > p (p le sd tu nhien) thi :

.d

budc

l,

li

dring vdi moi sd tu

ta kidm tra menh d dring vdi n = p.

. d budc 2, ta gil thi6t menh <td dring va mot sd tu nhien bdt ki n = k (k > p)
vi

chring minh ring n6 ciing dring v6i n = k + I .

3. Ph6p thrl vdi mQt sd hitu han sd tu nhien, tuy khOng phii li chfng minh,
nhmg cho ph6p ta dq do6n duoc k6t qui. Kdt qui ndy chi li gie thi6t, ve dd
chrlng minh ta c6 thC ding phuong ph6p quy nap to6n hgc.
B.

vi

DU

Chrfoig minh rang

1.2+2.5 +3.8 +... +

n(3n-l)=n2(n+

1)

vdi z e

N*.

(l)

Gidi

: Vdi n = l, vdtrdi blng 1.2=2,vphLibing t21t +

He thrlc (l) ddng.

Budc

l)=2.
87

Budc 2 : Det vd ff6i bing S,.

k> l,t{rclh,:

Gi6 srlhQ thrlc (1) drlng v6i n=

S*=

Ta phAi chrlng minh rang

fi

(l)

t) = k2(k + l) (gia thi6t quy nap).

c0ng dfng v6i n =

t + l, trlc lh

+l)2(k+2).

Sr*r=(&
That vay,

+... + ft(3t

1.2 + 2.5

gia thigt quy nap ta c6

,S1a1

S1

(t + l) t3(t + l)

1l = t?Q, +

t)+ (t + 1) (3k + 2)

= (r + l) U? + 3k + 2) = (k + t)2 (k + z).
V{y he thrlc (1) dfng v6i mgi z e N*.

Chrlng minh rang

n1

- n chiaht

cho 7 v6i

moi n e N*.

ltUra

- r.
Khiz=lthiAr = 0, chia hdt cho 7.
D4tAn=

n7

GiA srt dd c6

Ak= QJ
Ta

e) i 7 (gii thi6t quy n6p).

phii chring minhA1*1 i 7,

tficl

(k + l)7 -(/c +

l)

i 7.

That vAy, dp dung c6ng thfc Nhi thrlc Niu-ton ta c6

Ap*1

= (k

+1)7

= tJ

'

*l

(k + D
(k6

+ 7 k6

3k5 + 5ka +

Theo gie thidt quy n+p th\ Ak=

2tks + 35ka +

5f

chia hdt cho 7, do d6

/<

3k2 + k).

Ak+r ': 7 .

Y\y
88

n7

-n

35f + 2lk2 + 7 k +l - k -

chia hdt cho 7 v6i mgi z e N*.

i Yi tltt i

DAt vg trdi cta hQ thrlc (3) bing C,.

Khi n = l, vd tnii bing

Gii

srl hg thrtc

vd phAi bi.ng 2cosf, =

rE

; hQ thrtc (3)

dfng.

(3) rhlng v6i n = k > l, t(rc ld

cr
Ta

rE,

z"o"ft.

phii chrlng minh

ck+t =

ThAt vay,

ti

giri thi6t quy n+p ta c6

cn*,

-,t2

=
Vay

hQ

zcosVl;

thrlc (3) da

Chrfoig minh

lQ

-- rlz +

z"o4=

l^

lo*'r# =z"o'fi 1vi cosj; > o).

duo. c

chrlng minh.

ring vdi moi

s6 tu nhi0n a > 3 ta c6

3n>n2+4n+5.

(4)

V6i n = 3, vd trdiblng2l , cdn vd phii bing 26.

Mt rting thrlc (4) tlrlng.

89

r+"rf!+r!r!+ r

GiA srl bdt <llng thrlc (4) <fting v6r n =

k2

3,

tfc le
(4)

3*>k2+4k+5.
Ta phAi chring minh n6 c0ng dring v0i n = k + 1,

3t+l > (&+ l)2 +

4(r+

tfc

li

1) + 5.

ThAt vay, nhin hai vd cira bdt ding thrlc (4') vdi 3 ta c6

3* + t2k + 15 = (k + D2 + 4(/c + 1) + 5 + 2t? + 6& + 5.

Yr2t?+6t+5>0nOn
3k*t >

3t* I > 1t+ l)2 + 4(,t + l) + 5.

B{t ding thrlc (4) dE duo.c chring minh.

Chring minh bat ding thrtc

an

+b' ,(a+b\
'\

trong d6 a, b lir cdc sd duong

vi z e N*.

Trudc hdt nhAn x! ring n6u a = b thi bdt rling thrrc (5)
(=) v6i mgi n e N*.

xiy

ra ddu bing

Gi6srla*0.
Ndu n = I thi bdt ding thfc (5) dring vi ddu bing (=) xey ra.
Ta sE chrlng minh vdi n > 2 thi b{t ding thric (5) dfng, blng phumg phdp
quy n?p.That vay

y6i n = 2thi (5) c6 dq,c 4*

R6 ring b{t tling thfc niy <tdng

Gii st

vi

hay (a

ddu bing kh6ng

bdt dlng thrlc (5) dring vdi a

ak

90

r(+)'

xiy

b)2

ra.

* b vi n = k 2 2, trlc li

+bk (a+b\k

2 '(. '

.J

>0.

Nhan hai v6 cria bdt ding thrlc

ak +

bk
.\a+b)>

ok*r + okb + abk

2

nai

---

\n

ok*r

niy vdi a + b > 0, ta c6

bk'r

(a

+ blk*l

--7-

+bk'l

(a + b\k*l

(5')

2k

- lokb + abkl = ok1o - b1 -bk(a-b\

=(a-b)(ak -bk)>O

n6n
Tt (5)

vn (5") suy ra

1ak*r + bk*t1 + lakrr

ak+t

hay
nghia

(s")

ak+l + bk+l > akb + abk.

'2k

+ bk+t ( a + b\ktl

-- ,1
l,
li

+ bkltl \ -i--------ib + b-tk'l

>l

\.

"-t /

bdt dlng thrlc (5) dring v6i n = k +

l.

Vfy, b{t <ling thfc de dugc chrlng minh.

Vdi gi6 t4 nio cria

s6 nguyn duong

z, ta c6

2n*l > n2 +3n?

Gilii
Thgc chdt <liy

li bli todn giii bdt phucmg trinh tren tAp hgp N*. Tuy nhi6n,

kh6 c6 thC giAi n6 bing cdch th6ng thuimg.

DAt vd trdi bang A, vd vd Phrii bing

8,.

Blng ph6p thir v6r n = 1,2, 3, dE dlng thdy rang

A1 < 81i A2 < 82: Az < Bt.

Ddn dey, ndu vQi k6t luAn b{t phucrng trinh (6) vo nghiQm thi sE li sai ldm,
vi chi cdn th& v6i n = 4 ta c6 At = 32 > 28 = Bt Thrl tidp v6r n = 5, 6 ta
cflng c6 A5 > Bs, Ae> 86. Ddn dey ta c6 thd du dodn : Vdi mqi sd tq nhiOn
n > 4 ta c6 2n*r > n2 + 3n. Ta sE chrlng minh <tiu dr; clo6n <t6 bing phuorg
ph6p quy nap.

9t

That v4y, giA srl bdt ding thrtc (6) tfting vdi n = k Z 4, ttc ld

2k'r>k2+3k
Nhan hai vd cria (6') vfir 2 ta

(6)

&qc

2k*2.> 2l? + 6k = (k + t)z + 3(k +

l)

+ k2 + k _ 4.

\Dt>4 nenk2+t-4>0,dod6

.
li

+ l)2 + 3(/c +

2k*2 = 2G+t)+r > @

l)

l.
V4y. v6i z > 4 thi 2n*r > n2 +3n.'
nlc

(6) dring vdi n = k +

chotdngs, =

*. * * *

*... +

#.

a) Tinh 51, 52, 53, Sa.

b) Hay dU dodn cOng thrtc tlnh S,

vi

chfng minh bing phuong ph6p

quy n?p.

GilTi
a) Ta c6

o - 1 -l
'1.33

_1162
4-i-3i-H-5
^21153
'r: = 3+ ai = 35=1
o
uo

I 28_4
_3,
- j- n- $-0

b) T[ kdt quA & c8u a) ta du do6n

-n
"'2n+l
Ta sE chrlng minh c6ng thrlc (7) bing phucmg ph6p quy n4p.

92

(7)

Y6i n = 1, theo a) thi (D h riling.

r Gii srl c6ng thrlc (7) tling vor n = k 2
o

1,

tfc

ltr

c__
ok

rF_i.

phii chrlng minh n6 cflng dfng v5r n = k +

Thft vey, fi gie thigt quy n?p ta c'
Ta

"k+t

:c
- "k'

'

trlc

h (7) cfing

:"
-

"*'-. (2k + t)(2t + 3)

lz1r.+ l) - l][2(* + l) + l]
I
k +k(2k+3)+l

+t (2k +l)(2k +3) (2k+t)(2k +3)

2k2+3k+l (fr+l)(2k+l) k+l

2k

OFiMt +T = @ + r)Ap;T

= 2& + t) + l

drlng vdr n = k + 1.

Vay cong thfc (7) tl6

duo. c

chfng minh.

Chrlng minh ring ndu tam gi6c ABC vu0ng t4r A, c6 s6 do c6c canh ld
a, b, c th\'v6i moi s6 tu nhien n> 2,tac6 bdt ding thric
bn + cn <

an.

(8)

Vdi z = 2 thi theo ilinh lf Py-ta-go ta c6 b2 + c2 = a2.

Vly b{t ding thrlc (8) dring.
o

Gii

srl

b{t ding thrlc (8) dring v6r n =

bk + ck <

k)

2, tfc

l}

ak.

Khi d6 b**r +.k*t = bk.b

(8)
ck.c

<bka+

cka=1bk

ck)a.

St dgng gii thidt quy nap (8'), ta c6

bk+r

ck+r

ok*t

tit

le (8) dring

vdin=k+ l.

V{y, bdt dlng thfc (8) dd ttuo. c chring minh. Ddu "=" xiy ra khi v} chi khi

n=2.

.--.-*iF9+!!FF'

xit

NhQn

1. C6c

vi dg neu trCn thd hien

rO hai budc cria

phuorg ph6p quy n4p

Budc I : Kidm tra mOnh d (didu cdn chrlng minh) <hing v6i z = 1 (ho4c vdi
n = p, p lit sd tg nhicn;.

Btdc 2 : Gii

Sau tt6,

Lrru

phii chrlng minh rdng n6 ctng dring vdi n= k+ l.

ring phii thr;e

k> l.

srl mnh dd dring v6i n =

hiQn ddy drl

ci hai bu6c, xong budc I m6i lim budc 2.

Dac biet, bbudc2phei d{t ra duo.c

Gie thi6t (quy nap)

li

bii

todn. trong d6

mnh tl <iling v6t n = k

vi k6t lufn ld mnh tld dring

vorn=k+1.
Hodn thdnh xong hai buoc phrii neu kdt luan cu6i ctng.
2. Phuong phdp quy nap c6 thd ding dd

giii

c6c loai

bli

todn sau

I : A{mg minh m6t kdt luen cho sin (xem c6c Vi dg 1,2,3,4,5,7,8).
Loai 2: Tim didu kiQn tld mQt kdt lufn ld dfng, bing c6ch srldung ph6p
Loai

quy n4p khong holur toln tlC d{ <lodn kdt qui, sau d6 m6i chrlng minh
bang phuong phdp quy nap. (Xem Vl du 6);

c. Bfu TAP
1.1. Chrtng minh c6c ding thrlc sau (v6i n e

a)2+

5+8

+... + (3n

b) 3 + 9 +27 +

- D=

n(3n-+l)'

...* 3'= 113'*r 2'

3;.

1.2. Chfng minh cdc cling thfc sau (vdi n e

94

a\

12

+ 32 + s2 + ... + (2n

b)

13

+23+

33

+ ... +

n3

N*)

l)2

n<qn2-

n2(nll)2
4

N*)

- t) .

:'!!lB!@t

1.3. Chrlng minh rimg vdi mgi

a)

ll'*1 * !2'"-

b)

2n3

3n2 +

z e N*, ta c6

chiahdt choi33

chiahtcho

6.

'

1.4. Chrforg minh cdc b{t,tlfing thrlc sau (z e n1*1

a) 2n*2.> 2n + 5 ;

b; sin2oa +

"or2oo<l

1.5. V6i gid tri nio crla sd tu nhin z ta c6

*)2n>2n+l;
b)2'>n2+4a+5;

c)3'>2'+7n2
1.6. Cho tdng

_lllI .r- --l- r --j- r --. r

S
= 1.5
"'t
5.9 9.13
-

a) Tinh 51, 52, 53, Sa ;

(4n

3)({z +

r)

-i--

b) DU <to6n cOng thrlc tinh Sn vi chr?ng mintr bing ptruong ph{p quy n4p.
1.7. Cho z s6 thryc d1, a2; ...t a, tho6 mdn diu ki6n

-l <oi( 0v6ii=
Chrlng minh rlng

I, z.

v{mgi r e Nt,

ta c6

(l+ar)(l+a)...(l+a"))1+a1 t a2*.,- t

a,.

1.8. Chrlng minh rang v6i c6c sd ttiryc ay a2, a3" ..., an(n e N*), ta c6
lay + a2 + ... + onl <

lal + la2l+ ... + lonl.

95

92. Ddy sd
A. KrfN rx0c cAru r.rH6
1. Olnh nghia

M6i him s6 z xdc dinh fien tap s6 tu nhien N*

(gqi t6t ta 65Y td)
a)

duo. c

goi lh ddy s6 v0 han

u : N* ----+ lR
n P-------> u(n)
D4t u(n) = u,

vi ggi 116li

sd hqng tdng qudt cfia ddy sd (2,).

b) M6i hem sd z xdc dinh Een Qp M

11,2,3, ..., ml, v6rn e N*,

duo. c

ggiln ddy sd hfru hqn.

2. CAch cho mQt diy sd

a) Ddy sd cho bdn! c6ng thr2c

Khi d6 z, =/tn), fiong

Day

li

d6/ lI

cia sd hang tdng qudt

mQt hnm sd x6c tllnh trn

cdch kh{ thOng dgng (gidng nhu hnm sd)

(hay ciing chinh

li

sd thrl tu

cta

sd hqng)

b) Ddy sd cho bdng phuong phdp mb

vi

N*.

ndu bidt gi6

tri

ciua n

thi ta c6 thd tinh ngay dnoc in.

td

Ngudi ta cho mOt menh d m6 tA cdch x6c dinh c6c sd hang lin ti6p cira

diy

s6. Tuy nhien, khong thC tlm ngay duqc

u, v6r n tuj

!.

c) Ddy sd cho bdng cAng thrlc truy hdi (hay quy nqp)
o

Cho sd h?ng thf nhdt al (ho4c mQt

vii

s6 h4ng tldu).

. Vdi z > 2, cho m6t c6ng thfc tinh a, ndu bit un-,
dttoig ngay trudc n6). C6c c6ng thrrc c6 thd le

'
)"=o

lun = f@n_1)va

n>

vii

hoic {lh=a.u.=b

"

(ho4c mOt

lu, = f(un_r

ur:_2) v$t

n>

3.

s6 hang

3. D5y

sdttng, diy sdgilm

) un vdi mgi z e N* ;
r Ddy s6 (un) duo. c ggi ld gidm nfir un+t l unvdi mgi z e N* ;
r

DEy sd (ar) duqc g9i ld tiing

nt

n+t

Phuong ph6p khrio s6t tinh rlon dieu

Phuong phdp 1 ; X6t hi6u

I/

n+t

un

Ndu

I/

> 0 v6i moi z e N* thi d6y sd ting.

N6u

II

< 0 v6i moi n N* thi

diy

sd

giim.

Phrong phdp 2
Ndu u, > 0 vdi mgi z e N* rhl lAp 1i s6

N6u

utt*t
un

- y6u lL{
un

>

!tt,

rdi so sdnh v6i

1.

vdi mgi z e N* thi dey sd tang.

< 1 vdi moi z N* tht ddy sd giim.

4. D6y sd b! ch{n

'

o Day s6

(zr)

<lugc goi ln b!

ch(n ranndu tdn tai

sd

M sao cho

s6

m sao cho

t.o(M'VzeN*'
o Day sd

(u,)

drro. c

gqi

li

bj chdn drroi n6u tdn t4i

zr2z,VneN*.
o

li

Ddy sd

duo. c

ggi ln bj chdn, n5u n6 via bi chin Een vta bi chan du6i, trlc

tdn t?i hai s6 m, M sao cho

tn3 un3 M, Vn e N*

)t

: cdrc ddu

z aroS&Tll- a

"=' neu trcn kh6ng nhdt thi6t

phAi

xly

ra.

97

B. VI DU

C5c

diy

sd

(ar) duoc cho b&i c6c cdng thtlc

a)u-=-')n -1' (neN);

2n

c)

o,

+l

lrr=t
{
r-:l",u=^lri+lvdin > l;

o'

a) Sdu sci hans ado ,

"

,, =*

(n e N*);

fu'='
1".,

Hiy vi6t s6u sd hang dAu cira m6i dey

chfng. Tim sd h4ng tdng

;i

voin >

sd. KhAo sdt tfnh tang,

c) vi d).

t'

giim cria

qu 6t ciua cilc d6y

7153163
35 9173365

1, 1,

Dl; ttodn day s6 teng.

Ta sE chring minh dg dodn d6. ThAt vay, x6t hiu

-l
+l
(2'*r - l)(2" +l) - (2n+t +l)(2'-l)
(2n*t +l)(2i + D
,,

H=uo+t-un=!)\
2o+r +l

22rr+l + 2n+l

'2?
2n

_2, _l*22n+l + 2n*l _2,

(2'+r +l)(2" +l)

2.2'*l - 2.2n
(2n+r +l)(2n +l)

Suy

ra rn*1 > un.Y4y ddy

b) S6u s6 hang ddu

(u)

(2n+t +l)(2^ +1)

>0.

tlrrg.

IJ'J| Ji

392781
98

2n+l

+l

Ji,

243' 't29

t d a6frl. B

*:!.

Ta

sE

X6t

chrlng minh ddy s6 giim.

hiQu

Do 3'*r > 0,

J;N

3\fi

J% = J"

c) Sdu sd hang dAu

J; Jr+r-tJi

-tlr= az+l
.).'

H =un*1

-Tn-

^n

.8" ,

.,,fi +

t,

nn

I/

< 0.

\ Jr, Ji, J4, Ji, JG.

Ta s chfng minh dny sO tang.

oY6in= l, 16 rlng !r = I < JZ =ur.

. Gii str khfurg dinh dring v6i n = k> l,
ugal

ld

uy

Theo c6ng thrlc cfia dny sd

tric

trfic

vi gii

thidt quy nap, ta c6

li khing dinh dring vdi n = t + l.

VQy day sd tang.

B4n dqc c6 thd dC

ding chrfuig minh a, =

I t I ll

'2 3 4 5
Ta
o

sE

J,

Uarng

quy nlp.

chring minh d6y sd giim blng quy nqp.

Vdi n = l, rd ring

U621

ur=l> ! =sr.
2'

U1'11,

Th{t v{y, theo c6ng thrlc cria day sd vi gii thi6t quy nqp, ta c6
uk+t
I
I

u*+z=

.
(vi 0 < z1r1 < ur nen

1ffi =;f

ll
>:-).
]uk+t uk

Ban doc c6 thd chrlng minh un =

.;1=u**,

uk+t

uy

V{y dey (2") giim.

* ott

quy n?p.
99

Cho d6y s6 (u,)

a)

va u,=

3n +

(-l)'

4n + (-1\"+r '

Tinh Mu s6 h4ng ddu cria ddy s6. Nu nhin x6t v tinh tlcnr <liQu cria diy s6.

b) Tfnh a2,

vi

u2rr1.

A{mg

z,

minh 0 <

vdi mgi z >

1.

Gidi
a) Mu sd hang ddu ctra

diy sd :

2r813.14
5 131521

19.
23

Diy

sd kh6ng tling

vi

khong gi6m.

tk,

b)

3.2n + (-l)2n

6n+l

(-1)2"+r 8z - I
+ l) + (-l)24+r 6n + 2
*2ntt 3(2n
4(2n + l) + (-1)2n'2 8n + 5

D6 ttrdy

u,>O.Ta x6t hai tnrdng hgP

ozchdn:
e nl6:.

v4y:

4.2n +

3n+l

-'- 4n-l
3n-l - 3n+l
4n+l 4n-l
3n+l vdtmot2.

0< unS lll

Bidt nem sd hang ddu cria

mfi day sd li
3,4,6,9,13,...

a) Hdy chi ra mot quy luft rdi vi6t tidp 5 sd h4ng cia ddy sd dI cho.

b) Hdy x6t khoang c6ch gita hai s6 hang lin ti6p ttt tr6i sang phii. Nu
nhan x6t ve vidt tidp nam sd h4ng theo c6ch d6.
c) Lip c6ng thfc truy hdi cira ddy s6 duoc cho theo quy luit nu 6 ciu b).
d) Tim c6ng thrlc bidu di6n u,.

Gilii
a) C6 nhidu quy luet itd c6 mQt ddy s6 mi 5 sd h4ng ddu nhu dd cho. Don
gian nhdt lh d6y sd dI cho tudn hoin v6i chu k) bing 5, ta c6 diy
3, 4, 6, 9, 13, 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, ...

Tuy nhin, ndu nhf,n x6t tdng 3 + 4 + 6 + 9 + 13 = 35 <IC nu ra quy lu0t :

"Ddy sd gdm li6n np c6c nh6m 5 sd hang c6 tdng bling 35" thi theo d6 ta
s c6 nhiu kdt qui khdc nhau, do phuong trtnh 5 dn sd

u6+

+ uB+ us + uro = 35

u7

li

vo dinh.

"Quy luf;t" vta nu de vi ph4m dinh ngtiia dny- sd.

b)Tac6 4-3=l

6-4=2
9-6=3
t3-9=4

NhQn xdt: Khoing cdch gifla hai sd hang lin ti6p ti tn6i sang phii li 4 sd
h+ng ddu cta diy s6 tg nhin khic 0. Tt day c6 thd nu kdt luQn : Nim sd
hqng trtn li c6c s6 hang cta mQt day sd, trong d6 c6c khoang cdch gifla hai
s6 h4ng lien ti6p tD trdi sang phii lip thinh mQt diy s6

l,

2, 3, 4, ..., n

vdin e N*.

Vny, nlm s6 hang ti6p theo lir

18,24,3r,39,48.
c) D th{y theo guy lu4t neu tren thi
un+t

un= nvdi n e N* vi cOng thrlc truy hdi l}r

fu. =3
J'

lun,lt=un+nvdin>l'
d) Dd tim urta vi6t

'

\=3
. uz=\+1
u3= uz+2

ua) ut+3

'i'-r

un-z +

n= Ln-l +z-

n'2
1.

101

C6ng

ttrg

vd n ding thric ren ve rdt gen, ta c6

un= 3 + I + 2 + 3 +... + (a - 2)
- (n -l)n

+(n-

1)

ti!

,,=

vay

vdin e N*.

cVtda4
Cho ddy s6

--

Iu'

lunrt=un+2n+lvan>l'

a) Vidt nrm s6 hang ddu cria ddy sd ;

b) DU rlodn cdng thrlc z, vh chrlng minh bi.ng phuong phfp quy n4p.

Litat
a) Nnm sd hang ddu

li

l, 4,9, l:6,25.'

b) Du tlodn cong thrlc un = n2 (*) v6t n e N*. Ta

sE

chrlng minh c6ng thfc

v[a n0u b]ing quy n?p.

HiCn nhin vdi z =

Gii

srl de c6 uo

I, c6ng thrlc dring.

112

v6i ,t >

Theo c0ng thrlc cria dfly sd

I.

vI gii thi6t quy nap ta c6

uk+t= k+2k+l

=k2+2k+l
=(k+t)2;
tric

li

cOng

thfc (*) dring vdi n = k + l.

YAy un=n2 v6i mgi n e N*.

oViduS
Vdi gi6 tri nio cfia a thi ddy sti (2,), vdi u,=
dIy

sd

giim

+#,

D dey sd tang

tJr,at

H = uo*1 - ur=

X6t hiu

a-2

(n+l)a+2 na +2
,r+1+l n+l

(n+2)(n+l)
Vi(n+2)(n+l)>0nn:

li
N6u a < 2th\H < 0, suy ra diy sd (un) li
N6u a > 2 thi H > 0, suy ra ddy sd (n,)

Cho dEy sd (2,) vdi u, =

(l -

':

a)n +

a) Vidt c0ng thric truy hdi cria

ddy sd tang.
dEy sd giAm.

(l + a)', trong d6 0 < a < I vi z e N*.

diy sd;

b) KhAo sdt tinh Hng, giim cira dEy s6.

litar
a) Vdi z =

l, tac6 ur = I -

Y6r n >- I thi u,*1 =

dod6 ar*1 -un

a + 1 + a = 2.

(l - a)'"r + (! + a)'+l

=(l-a)'*r +(l +a)'*l -(l - a)n -(l

=

(t - a)" (t - a -t)

(l

+ a)a

(t r

a[(l+ai" -(1- a)']

Un+t= n+ a[(1 +g)'-(l-a)n7.
=

hay

+ a)n

- l)
. ,

(*)

Vdy cong thfc truy hdi le

(u,
J' =2

lun,r = u, + af(l + a)n - (l

b) Vi

0<a < I nn I + a> I - a>

0, suy

ra(l

+ a)n >

(l -

aln

- (l - d)o > 0. TU kgt qui (*), ta c6

un+t - un= d [(l + a)n - (l - a)n) > o,tfc li day s6 dd cho li

hay

(l

- a)nl vdi n > l.

+ a)o

dny sd tang.
103

Nhdn

xit

C6ch gi6i

cia

cAu a) cho ta mQt phuorg phdp dC

bi6t sd h4ng tdng qudt u,, d6

tim c0ng thrlc truy hdi khi

li

Tim

Tinh zr*1 rdi tim hiQu up1

u1.

tto(ciing c6 thd tim tdng uorl t- un).

Cho phucmg uinh

x2-x-l=o,
Gpi a,

/li

hai nghi-Om cia n6

diy s6 (2,,) xdc dinh bdi u, =

Chring minh rlng

Ta c6 a

='

*r$

(a> b.

tu p

=' :6. ,,

"ung

f, e - n,vfi

z>

thrtc uo suy ra

q=I<o' f')--r:

o=iro'-p"=iEr"- , (a+ f1= f.r..6 = r.

f,)dtinhuo, tachrif ring

n=

frlr*'r,

f("'-'

ir"" -

a+

p"') =

+r1- p'-218 +r]

e"-').i@,-z -

I vt f2 - B+l;dod6

iro"-'
=

. o2

- fn-z

[r+, =
I()4

f')

* oa-z - pa-21
;fu',"" - ff-'

pn-2)=u,-t+un-2-

Vey ta c6 c6ng thiic truy hdi cira diy Phi-b6-na-xi

Jut=tit4=1

rr-, + un-, v$i n 2 3.

l,

Cho ddy sd x6c dinh b6i c6ng

thfc

fu'='

tr + s +l
-iu;.
iun
1",,

I
a) Tnth u2,

v6i

> l.

u4;

4,

b) Chring minh rnng

un+3

nY6i m?i a e N*.

Giiti
N6u tfuhti6ptalaic6 us=2,ua=0,22= l. Nhu
vfy ddy sd trn gdm c6c nh6m 3 s6 hang (1,2,O) tluqc ndi tiCp nhau mQt
c6ch vo han.

a)ur=2,u2=0,ut,= l.

b) Ta chrforg minh bing qqy nep.

Vdi z =

1, theo

ctu

a)

thi c6ng thrlc iting vi

u4

= 1 = vr.

Gii sir c6ng thrfu itrfing vdi m6t gi6 d b{t kt z = * } l, ttlc Id zp*3 = 21.
Ta phii chrlng minh n6 cing drlng v1i n = k + l, trlc li

k*=
ThAt

uk+t'

v|y, theo cong thrtc cria diy

u*++ = \*+s)+r

Str dr;ng

gii thi6t quy

'
Vfy

urre =

s6

= -1rl?*

|ur*, + l.

n?p ut+t = up ta c6

3o 5
-lui + zuk+ I = 4r*1.

c6ng thrlc dfl drro.c chrlng minh.

Cfro y. Dey s6 da cho duoc goi la dey sd tuen hoen v6i chu ki H 3.
Tdng quit, ta c6 dlnh nghia sau
DEy s6 (ur) ttrltEc ggi

thi

ndu

u*r=

li

tudn hoan v6i

ciu

ki p (p e

N'),

urv6i moi n e nf.

105

c.
2.1. Vi6t nem sd h4ng <ldu

vi khio

BATTAP

s6t tfnh tang, giem ctra c6c dEy sd

lot-2";
2n+l
c)- u" = :1- ;
a1

b)ur-3"

un-

d) u,

n-

2.2.

Arc
a)

ddy s6

(ur) v6i

u,=

q2

3^J;

=;.

4n + 3.

Vidt c6ng thric truy hdi cria ddy sd;

b) Chfng minh diiy s6 bi chfn du6i ;

c)

finh tdng z s6 hqng

ddu cria ddy

tti

cho.

l)2'.
a) Vi6t nem sd h4ng tlCu cria ddy s6;' i i :'
b) Ttm coqgthlbtruyhdi; '

2.3. Cho d6y sd (zn)

vdiu,= I +(n-

c) Chrtng minh ddy sd tang

2.4.My

vi bi chan dudi.

s6 (u,) duqc xdc dfnh bing c0ng

thrlc

)' =1
l3
lh+t=un+n3vdiz>l'
[u,

a) Tim c6ng thr?c cta sd hang tdng qu6t ;

b) Tfnh sd h4ng thrl 100 cria ddy sd.

2.5. Cho d6y sd

(zJ

x6c dinh b&i

(u"
)"t =5"

lur*t=un+3n-2
b) Chfng minh dfly s6 ang.

r06

,r
,

'

-7;

(zr), bi6t

--*.R

2.6. Tim cdng thrrc s6 hang tdng qudt crla cdc ddy s6 sair

lu,=2

I t
,t)q=i

at{"='
=u,-r;

- r (n>l);
'
"l.l
[*:,=2--

lun*1

lun*, =3un.

2.7.Dey sd (x,) tlugc bidu din tren truc sd b8i mp hqp c6c tlidm, ki hieu lh A
A = lAo,

4,

A2, ..., An,...1.

GAi B l}r mOt diCm nlm ngoii trgc sd. Ngudi ta dqmg cr{c tam gi6c dinh B
vi hai dinh cdn lai thuQc t{p hqp A.

Dtrt an la sd c6c tam gi6c duoc teo thanh

Ao,

At,

tt

vi z + I

.didm

A2, ..., An

rdi lfp d6y sd (a,).

'-' '

"

a) Tfnh u1, u2, u3, u4 i

b) Chrlng minh rang

^1
vi ur*y = un+n+1.
un=Cirt

2.8. Cho dey sd (2,) thoi miin diCu kign : V6i mgi n N* thi

..

0<ar< l vi un+t1l

Chrlng minh dny s6 da cho

ll

d6y

giim.

,.

$3. C6p s6 cOng

(1)

107

2.

Sdhqng tdng qudt

t/n= t'\

(n

/=uo-ul
n -l

3.

- l)d

(n>2)'

(2)

(2')

'

Tlnh ch{t
uk-t *
,,. -- ----,
"k

hay

uk+l

v6t k>2

(3)

(3)

u1-yi ul*1=2u1.

4. Tdng n sdh?ng ddu

sn-n(q:u),zeN*.
hof;c
Lu!

(4)

S, =

r Khi gi6i c6c bai to6n vC cdp sd oonS. ta thuung SAp 5 (t?i lr.ttng. D6

d,

un, n,

Sn

CCn phAi bi6t h nhdt 3

dai lLQng cdn

hi.

a)

diy

s6

(z)

vdi

u,=9 -

vi

DU

5n.

Vi6t 5 s6 hqng tlAu cfia diy

b) Glturg minh dey sd (uo) li cdp s6 cdng. Chi 16 u1 vl d ;

c) Il[nh tdng cha 100 s6h4ng d6u

108

li

u1,

rong 5 dgi hIlrlg d6 thi se tinh AIUo cec

B.

Cho

(4)

Gidi
a)

4, -1, -6,

b) X6t hiQu
do d6 an*1 =

-l l, -16.
n+t-un--9 -5(n+

- 9 +5z=-5,

un- 5, suy ra ddy sd (tr,) ltr cdp s6 cong v6r ut = !; d = -5.

nl2q + ln - Da)

c) Ap dsng cong

thrlc a,=

@')

loo[2.4 + (loo- lx-5)] _24350.

_
c
=
itoo =
,-

ta c6

1)

crrr y : N6u s0dung c6ng thrlr: (4) ta phai tinh utoo.

a)

Vi6t s6u s6 xen gita hai s6 3 vi 24 dd drroc

hang. Tlnh tdng c6c s6 h4ng c0a cdp sd

mo1 c6p s6 cOng c6

r{m sd

niy.

b) Vi6t nam sd h4ng xen gifia hai s6 25 vA I dd .luqc moJ cdp s6 cQng c6
biy s6 hang. Sd h4ng thrl 50 cria cdp s6 nly li baonhiOu ?

GilIi
a) Ta c6

Tt

\=3,u8-24'

cOng thitc un = u1 + (n

Timdudc
'

1)d, suy ra d =

o-ul
n

-l

a=24-3

8-1 =1.

Vfy 6 s6 h4ng
Tinh

tdng

cdn vidt them

s,

8(3

t z)

b)rac6 ur=25,h=t,d
VAy 5 s6 cdn vigt them

li

6, 9, 12, 15, 18,2r.

= tos.

=+: =-4.

ldzl,17,13,

Tinh uso=25 +49. (-4)

9, 5.

=-171.
109

Cho hai cdp sd c6ng

(x,): 4,7,10, 13, 16, ...

0,) : l,

6, 11, 16,21, ...

H6i trong 100 s6 hang

ctAu tiOn

cia m0i c{p

s6 c6 bao nfriu sd hang chung ?

Giii
xn=4+ (z- l)3 =3n+l vdi I S n ( 100,
)*= I + (t- l)5 = 5k - 4vdi 1 </<3 l@,

Tac6:
Dd m6t sd

li

sd hang chung, ta

phii c6

3n+t=5k-4e3n=5(k-l)
suy.ra n

i 5, tfic n=

Vi t<n < 100 nn

5t

vi & = 3t + | (t e 3,).

l<t<20.

Ilng v6i 20 gi6 tri cria l, ta'tlmtlugc 20 sd hang chung..h&ng.han, vdi , = I

z = 5, fr = 4, khi d6 x5= yo= 16.

.thI

cVtda4
Tim r trong c6c cdp sd c0ng l, 6, I 1, ... vi l,
a) I +6+ 11+ 16+ ...+x=970;
b) (x+ l) + (r+ 4) +... + (r+ 28) = 155.

4, 7, ... bit

citii
a) Ta c6 cdp s6 c6.ng vdi 11 = l, d = 5,
n[zq + ln - l\d1
cong thfc Sn =
, @ c6
970 --

Giii
110

n[2 + (n -l)51

So

= 970

5n2

- 3n -

hay

ra tim duoc n = 20, suy ra.r = uzo=

I+

vi

19.5 = 96.

z,, =

r. Ap dung

t94o = o.

b) Ta c6 cdp sd cQng v6i

ur=x+ l,d=3,un=x+ 28vhso= lJJ.

- l)d, ta c6
x + 28 = x + I + (n - l)3, suy ra

Ap dqng c0ng thrlc

u11= u1

Tt cong thrlc s, = "("'

tU d6

tim

duo. c

Chrfoig rtrinh

cong khi

vi

x=

29)

l.

ring ba sd duong a,

sd

z=10.

lU.zx:
"') , ta c6 I 55 -

chi khi.c6c

thinh moJ c{p

(n

c6.

fi

D,

c theo thrl tU hp thinh mo3 c{p sd

--El---F, -=L-=, -1=-!---- theo thrl tU I4p

{b+\lc {c+{a .ld+{b

ng.

(itaa
Ta s6 chtlng minh bing ph6p bidn ddi tudrig dumg:
Ba sd

-=L-=, -=f--=lep thinh cdp sdc6ng khi v)r chi khi

Ja+Jc Jc+Ja Ja+Jb
ll
Jc\Ja Ju+Jc i/a + r/ib .lc +.la

-=-l---F ,

Ji_J;

.lc

-.lb
<,G * JixJE *.f,1
<Ji * Jix.6 *Jit

<+

<"1-o

+)

- JixJi *.61 = <G - Jr><.li * Ji>

- a= c - b+a,b,

c lap thi,nh c{p s6 cQng.

cVidu6

li

l58cm, sd do cdc canh ctra n6 lfp thlnh mQt

cdp s6 cdrrg vdi cOng sai d = 3cm. Bi6t c4nh l6n nhdt li 44cm, tinh s6
Chir vi cria mQt da gi6c
canh cria da gi6c d6.

li

Goi canh nh6 nhdt lh n1 vi sd canh cfia da gi6c

Tac6

q+ (r -

z.

q=47 -3n.
Tdng c{c canh (tric chu vi da gidc) l} 158, ta c6
44=

1).3 hay

,$-n(44+!7 -3n)
Giii

phuong trinh v6i z e N* ta

drro. c

hay

3nz

-9rn+316=0..

z = 4.

oVidaT
C6 thd c6 mOJ tam gi6c mi s6 do c6c canh
cdp sd c6ng duo. c khOng ?

vi

chu vi cira n6 lap thinh m6l

Gitii
GiA sr! tdn tai mQt tam gi6c rthu vay.

Goi sd do c6c canh crla tam gi6c ll u1, u2, u3yd chu vi cta
| = x - d, u2= a, u3 = x + d, uo= 3a.
Theo tinh chdt cfia cdp s6 c6ng thi u1't
nhrtng u1 + u4 = 4x

u4- u2+

d, uz + u3 = 2x + d nen 4x

Tt d6 u1 = 0 (v0 10.
Vfy kh6ng thd c6 tam gi6c thoi

mdn y6u cdu

bii

n6ll

u3,

d = 2x + d, suy ru x = d.

todn.

C. BAITAP
3.1. Trong c6c ddy sd (2,) sau dey,

diy

s6 ndo lir cdp s6 cdng ?

a)ur=Jn-1'

b)uo=/ra1'

c)u,=(n+l)2-n2;

o'

fu, =

t',-, =t -

3.2. Tinh s6h4ng dAu u1 vi cdng sai'd cira cdp sdcO.ng

+2u5:O

.lu1
u')tso=t+'

tt2

(u,

ua, ta c6

un'

(u,),bidt:

= l0
br{[=u;

.lu,+i,- r=l0
c){
lur+uu=1:
a) Lap cong

thfc

s6

- lu,.
d)1'
,,,:

h4ng tdng quiit rr,

ur=$

lur.u, =75.

b) Tinh 526.
3.4. Tfnh sd c6c sd hang cira cAp sd cQng (a,), ndu

l'[a'r+ao+...+a2r=l)$
la2+ar,=42.

3.5. Tim cdp sd c6ng (a,), bii

.lur+u2+\=27
a)l.
-'
lul * ul

u! =

275

* u2 + ... + u,1 =o
b){.
-'. fu,
.

'

3.6. Chrlng minh rang ndu S,, S2,, Sj,

lr? + ul + ... + ul = n? .

tufig

rtng Ia tdng cia n,2n.3n sd hang

ddu tin ctra mQt cdp sd c6ng thi

Sr,=3(Sz,-S,)'
3.7. Cho c{p sd c6ng (a,), chrlng minh ring ndu

rhi

s.
S, =^'
n2
u.
tun=2!-:.
2n-l

3.8. Tim -r tt phuong trinh

a).2 + V + 12 + ... + x = 245, bidt 2, 7, 12, ..., x lir cdp,sd cQng.
b) (2r+,1) + (2r + 6) + (2{ + 1l) + ... + (2x + 96) =

bidt 1, 6, 11, ... li cdp sd

cQng.

1010;

l
:

! Bt'Elrcfl+r

13

g4. Cdp s6 nh0n

l
1.

Dlnh nghia
(ur)

HQqwi:
2.

nEurn0c cAH r,rn6

li

cdp s6 nh[n

CongbQi

unQ,v6i z e N*.

q=!4.
un

Sdhgng tdng qu6t

un = ut4

3.

<+ n+t=

n-l

Tinh chdt

d. = u*-rut*r
hay

lukl=

4. Tdng n sd hqng

(k

J;Fr"r"

>-

2).

dlu ti6n

s,=ff|<o*r).
)f-*

y : Khi giAi cac bai to6n vC cdp s6 nhdn, ta thtrdng gap 5 d?i luong. D6 rA u1, g,
n, ur, Sr. Cdn phAi bi6t ft nhrt 3 trong 5 d?i lupng tr6n thi c6 thd ttnn dr-roc
.

c6c tlai lurgng c6n lqi.

B. Vr DU

cVidq1
Cho ddy sd

(a) v6i

un=22'+1.

a) Chrlng minh d6y sd (u,) li cdp sd nh&n. Neu nhfn x6t ve tinh ttrng,
gi6m cria ddy s6;
b) L{p cOngthrlc truy hdi cta diy s6;
c) H6i s6 2048 li sd h4ng thri mdy cira d6y s6 nly ?

'..-!.t!

Gilii
a)Lapti

u!-.*'

"6

llh

=1::=
224+l

4, suy taun+t=4rni

hoac bin ddi

un*,

Ua=4
un
b) Cho z =

=4>

l,

22(n+l)+l = 22n+l+2 =

n6n ddy sd

4.22'*l =4,ur.

(r,) tang vi li

ta c6 ur = 8. COng thfc truy hdi

I'' =t

lun*1 = 4un v6i z >

cdp sdnhan.

li

l.

c)Tac6 u,=2048=2rr =22n't,suyru2n+ I = 11,ttd6n=5.

Yey 2048Ii sd h4ng thrl nim.
a) Vidt nem sd xen gita c6c s6 I v1729 dd dup m6t cdp s6nhAn
sd h4ng. Tinh tdng c6c sd hang cria cdp sd nly.

b) Vidt sdu sd xen giila c6c s6

c6biy

vn 256 dd duoc m6t cdp sd nhan c6 rftn

sd hang.

Ndu vi6t tidp thi s6 h4ng thrt 15

li

bao nhi6u ?

Gidi
a) Ta

c6 \= I,

Yrul=ur.q6nn q6 =
Nnm s6 cdn vi6t

li

Yaq=Jtac6

s7

=729.

fr=nS=36,

suy

raq=!3.

3, 9, 27, 81, 243 hodc -3, g,

-+l+=1093.

-27, 81, -243.

vdi Q=-3tac6Sr=547.

c6 \= -2, us=256.
MArkhdc, q7
=b =ry = -t28 = (-2)7,suy raq = -2.
'ut-z

b) Ta

Ta

c6

li

-8, 16, -32, U, -128.

uts = -2 . (-2)ra = -32768.

Siu sd cdn.vidt

4,

ll5

!F

:=:eE

Diiy sd (2,) duoc cho nhu sau

'

fu, = )gM. uz =

)^
)

[ur*1
a)

lu-+u-

2gp15
|

-a3.--g

Llp dey (v,) vdi v, = un+t -

v0i n >2.

un

Ctllng minh d6y (v,) le c{psd 6han. ''

b) Lfp cong thrlc

V4y (u,)

li

tinh

,,

theo ,r.

cdp sd nhAn, c6 4 =

-1 vl vr = l.

b) Dd tfnh un, ta vit

':1'

ur=(uni''
= Vr..l

un-1\ +

(llr-t -

* ln-2 *

n-

... + vl + u

l.-l)'-'-,
t 3)'
=2ffi4+ l.'

1 3r l\,-r

=?.004+;-11-i)
l16

'---!4F

Cho clp s6 nhin a, b, c, d. Chring minh ring

a) (b

c)2 + (c

b) (a + b + c) (a

a)2 + (d

- A2 ;

b)2 = @

b + c) = a2 +

+ c2.

Gilii
Tac6 b2 = ac; c2 = bd; ad = bc.
a) Bidn ddi vd trai
(b

c)2 + (c

a)2 + (d

b)2 = b2 + c2

2bc + cz

b + c) = (a

c12

?ac + o2

d - 2bd + b2

+i=@_A2.

=o2_2o,1
b) (a + b + c) (a

b2 = a2 + 2ac + c2

= o2 * 12 + 2b2

b2

b2 = a2 + b2 + c2.

Tlm c{p sd nhan (2") bidt

lur*U+\iu4=lJ
l,? *

4 +,fi +,fi, =as.

liun

-l) - r.
q-l

u?(qo

ur(q4
Ta c6

(l)

(q

,itg8-t)_r,

'?:{

q'-l
Chia ttmg vd c0a hai phudng fiinh, ta

(qo -t)2@2
-D
-t)'(q'-t)
@

<+

- 1)2(sE - r)

l4q4

l7q3

l7q2

l)2

-ri'

=u

duo. c

225
225
85

-t)' _r^

- llq

(q + t121q2
q4

+l

+l)

45

t7

14 = 0.

tt7

'q !,

Chia hai v6 cira phuong trinh cho q2 vit dqt x = q +

t4x2 _ t1x _ 45 =O

o r, =

1,

"6

rr=_1.

Ta c6 hai phuong tdnh

*;l9 -7 (vo nchiQm)

I
. q + I -- 5 Giai
^." phuong ulnh niy tim dugc q = 2, o = -.
vd
'2
=.
'q2
c

Tuong tlng c6 u1 =

l, 4, = f,.

Vey, ta c6 hai cdp sd nhan

l,

vlr

2, 4, 8, ... \ur =

l, q -

2)

8,4,2, l, ... (r, = 8, q -l

Mqt cdp b6 cqng vi mQt cdp s6 nhAn <ldu li c4c diy teng. C6c s6 h4ng thrl
sd hang
nhdt du bing 3, c6c sd hang thrl hai bing nhau. Ti id gitu
thrl ba crla cdp s6 nhan vi cdp sd cOng

li ;.
5

"a.

Tim hai cap s6 dy.

LitL
Ndu c6 cdp sd cQng $, u2,

thicdp sdnhdn

li

zror'*'
Theo tinh chdt cta cfc cdp s6, ta c6

uZ=

3+a
^9a
--Z: va. u22= i.i

*, (+)' =q?

Bisn ddiduave phuong trinh

*fi-ltu.+45=0
118

(uz>3).

4 = 15. VAy cdc cdp sd cAn tim lh :

GiAi ra ta c6

cQng
C{p sd nhltn

3,9,15.

C{p sd

3,9,2'1.

lip thhnh mQt c{p sd c0. ng,

ba s6 sau l{p th}nh m61 cdp sd nhan. Bi6t ring tdng cria s6 hang ddu vi
Cho bdn s6 nguy0n duong, trong d6 ba sd dAu

cudi

li

37, tdng cta hai s6 h4ng gita

li

36, tlm b6n sd il6.

Gidi
Ggi bdn sd phAi tlm

ll

u1, u2, u3, u4, ta c6

Cdp sd cQng u2

vi
Theo

d, u2, u2 + d

Cdp sdnhan u2, u2Q, u2q2.

gii

thidt ta c6

)'{2a+d=ur(l

+q)=36

(t)
(2)

l"r-a*,hQ2 =37.
Tt (1) suy ra

36-d 36
2 l+q
Tt (2) suy ra

'

hay

(3)

tt;=
T

l+q

37+d(ft) dO
-.37+d
l*q''

-- thr?c (4)
b (3) vtro h

l*q'

36

l+q

(4)

vl nit- gon, ta dud. c phuong uinh

36q2 -73q + 35 = 0.

-57
urarraouo.cq=z,q=-.
Viy, vdi

,=i*
r19

,.,= 365"4-4
=16. a.= rg. 1=ro. uo=29. 1=25
l+4

c.
4.1.

CAc

dIy

ar' r,/ =

s6 (r.r,,) sau

diy, diy sd nio lh cdp sd nhln

' '2u+t
(-f,)
:

(.,
-1
lul-z

c)l'

lu,,-t

BAITAP

b) u,, =

(-l

)" . 33'*l

fur=t
d)1

.,

?
'

= ut+ jun.
[un+t

=ui;

4,2. Cdp sd nhln (a,,)

c6

,
r:

]z'+u'=St

,,
:

lu2+uu=192'

a)

Tim s6 hang ddu vd c6ng bQi cira cdp sd nhdn

b) H6i t6ng c0a baq-nhiOu sd h4ng ttAurin se bi.ng 3069 ?

c) So 12 288

li

sd hqng

ihrl m{y

4.3. Tim s6 c6c sd hang cira cdp sd nhin (n,), bidt

2'
b\ut=),

a) q =

96, S,, = 189 ;

t ^ 3l
un= g, tr=
T

un=

4.4.Timsdhangdduvic6ngb6icriacdps6nhnn(u,),bi6t

fur" =15
a){
'lua-ur=6;
u,

1,2O.

(nr-un+us
,,
D, I

= l0

lr: -rs +%=?0.

4.5. B6n sd lap thhnh m6t cdp sd cQng. Ldn lugt

nh{n dlro. c m6t cdp s6 nhdn. Tim cdc sd d6.
4.6. Vidt bdn sd xen giila cdc s6 5

vi

tri

m6i sd dy cho 2, 6,7

160 dd duo. c mot cdp sd

,2

ta

nhin.

frr =o
4.7. Chodiy

s6(r,), 1,,,

+3

=2un + 4 v6i n >

u,,

[-"rt

1.

a) Lap day s6 (.r,,)

v6i *^ = !' ,: Chung minh ddy

un+ J

b) Tim c6ng thfc

tinh;,

sd

(x,) lh cdp sd nhan.

untheo n.

4.8. Ba sd kh6c nhau c6 tdng blng 114 c6 thd coi ld ba sd hang li6n ti6p cria
mo.t cdp sd nhfln, hoic coi lh cr{c s6 hang thrl nhdt, thf tu vA thri hai muoi lrm
cira mqt cdp s6 cQng. Tim c6c s6 d6.
4.9. Cho cdp sd nhin a, b, c, d. Chfng minh ring

',.rr( | I 1)
. a2b2,2
[;.F.i]=o3

at

b')

(ab+ bc +cd12 =

1a2

+b3 +c3

+b2 +

r211b2

'.

+cz +d21.

4.10. MOt cdp s6 c6ng vd mot cdp sd nhfln c6 cric s6 hang ddu duong' Bidt
ring c6c sd hang thf nhdt vi thrl hai cfia chring trung nhau. Chfng minh
mgi sd hang cira cdp s6 c6ng khdng ldn hon sd h4ng tuong fng cta cdp
sd nhfln.

Bii t?p 6n chtfong lll

Gitii ctic bdi tQp 1,2,

l.

Chung minh
a) n5

b,ing phtong phdp quy ngp.

ring

n chia hdt cho 5 vdi moi sd tq nhi6n n

b) Tdng c6c l{p phuong cria ba sd tu nhiOn lin tidp chia h6t cho 9'

t2t

2.

Chrtng minh cdc ding thrlc sau vdi n e N*

a)

An=

I
T.23

1
757

-' n@ + l)(n
"' +
+U =

b)8,, = I +3 +6 + 10+... +

3.

ry!

n(l:3\--.
+ai ryn * zl'

nln + Un +2)

Chrlng minh c6c bdt ding thrlc

?) 3'-r > n@ + 2) v6r n> 4.;

b7 2n-z

4.

,3n -

Cho d?iy s6 (zn)

vdi n> 8.

[ur=1,nr=z
lu,*1 =2un- n_r*Ivdi n>

2.

a) Vi6t nam sd h4ng ildu cria ddy sd ;

b) Lfp day s6 (vr) vdi vo= ttr11

u.n

Chfng minh diy sd (vr) l) cdp sd c6ng

c) Tim cong thfc tinh un theo n.

5.

Cho

diy sd (ur)

1..
l"t-1
1 (n + t)rlu*r=--i-:
r

a) Vidt nam s6 hang ddu cria

b) L{p dey s6 (v,)

diy

vdin >1.
sd.

v6i vn=!t-.

Chfng minh ddy s6 (u,)

li

cdp sd nh&n-'

c) Tim c6ng thric tinh un theo n.

6.
122

Ba sd c6 t6ng ld 217 c6 thd coi li cdc sd hang lien tigp cria m6t cdp sd
nhin, hoic lI c6c sd hang thfr 2, thfi 9 vI thri 44 cria mOt c{p s6 c6ng. H6i
phii ldy bao nhiu sd hang ddu cria cdp sd c6ng <ld tdng cria ctrring n 820 t

7.

MOt cdp sd cQng vi mOt cdp s6 nhAn c6 sd hang thf nhdt bing 5, sd hqng
10, cdn
thr? hai cria cdp s6 cOng l6n hon s6 hang thf hai ctra c{p sd nhin
cdc
nhau.
Tim
cdp
s6
dy.
s6
h4ng
thrl
ba
bi,ng
c6c

8.

Chfng minh ring n6u ba sd lflp thinh mQt cdp sd nhfln, ddng thdi lflp th[rh
cdp sd cQlg thi ba sd 5y bing nhau.

9.

Cho cdp s6 nhfln (u,) c6 c6ng boi

li

tdng cdc sd hang c6 chi sd ch6n

Chringminh,anec=

vi

li

4 vd s6 cdc sd hang li chdn. Goi S.

51 ld tdng c6c sd hang c6 chi s6 16.

f.

10. C6 thd c6 mQt tam gi6c w0ng mh s6 do cdc canh cria n6

s6 cdng kh6ng ?
11. Tinh t6ng

li

lfp thinh mQt

cdp

3 5

2n-l

^)z*7*v*...*-7-,
b)

12

- 22 + 32 - 42 + ... + 1-l)n-t . n2.

tld phuong trinh.ra

thinh cdp sd c6ng.

12. Tim

Bdi tdp trdc nShim (13

13, Trong cdc ddy s6

(2,)

"l; -

J;i ;

14. Trong c6c ddy sd

(u,)

(3m +

il*

+ (m + l)2 = 0 c6 bdn nghiQm lfp

19)

sau day. hay chon ddy s6

(A)a,=s;n2;
(C) u, =

giim

(B)u,=+,
(D) un = (r)n(2n + r\.

sau day, hdy chon d6y

sdbi chin

r.
(A)un=,1n"+l',

l
(B)u^--n+;i

(C)n,=24+l;

(D)

1=#

\ = 3, ttz = -6. HAy chon kdt qui dfng :

(D)ut=)4.
(A)us=-24; (B)ar=zf3; (C)ar=-43t

15, Cho cdp s6 nhan @,), bi6t

r23

(a,)

16. Trong c{c ddy s6

to'

fur=t
1',*,

'

[ur*r

un =

nio

lA c{p sd cQng ?

t''

t;

= u:, -

fu, = -l
(c)
' {

sau day, d6y sd

-,-5EE{B

(u,

=2

t',., I un * n;

[u, =3
(D).{--'
' lun*, = 2un + l.

2;

17. Cho cdp so cdng

6,x,-2,y.
Kdt qui nio sau ddy li dring ?
(A) x= 2,y =5;
(C) x

(B) x=4,y=('.
(D) x = 4,y=-6.

=2,t =-6;

18. Cho cdp s6 nhAn

-2, x,

Hiy chon kdt que dfng

- 18, y.

(A)x=6,,y=-54;
(C)x=-6,y=-J!,;
19. Cho

(B)x=-r0,y=-26;
(D)x=-6,y=54.

diy sd (a,) vdi n = 3n. HEy chon hQ thrlc drlng

(A)

Lf ="r,

@)T=ur;

(C)

l+tt, +uz+..,+n*=*;

(D) up2...utn=u5aso.

r6t etfu - Hu6NG oAn - oAp s6 cxuoxe lr

$r.
1.1.a) Det vd trdi bang S,. KiCm tra vfii n =

Gi6 srl

s.
u**t
124

di

c6 51 =

(k + lx3k + 4).

-- ------T--.

tp+)

Thit
r ll+r vdy,
Y+y,

l,

.vdr

h thrlc

dfng.

k 2 1. Ta phii chrlng minh

sr*r =sr+3(,t+

3k2

l)-, -

tt3L+ l)
Zz

+3k + 2 -3k2

:6k

+4

+7k + 4 _ (t + t)(3k + 4) ,._^_,

b) Dat vd tr6i bing P,, lhm tuong tU nhu cau a).

1.2. a) D{t vd trdi bang S,.

. Y (i n = l, vd tr6i chi c6 mQt s6 hang bang l, vc phii uiin,-3111J-!) = 1.

o

Gii st di

co so =

Wt-

D v6i t > l.

Ta phii chring minh

(t+l)[4(k+l)2-ll
-k+t

Thet vay, ta c6
S**r = Sr +

l2(k+l)- ll2 = St + (2k + l)2

ry+"+(2k+t\z - Qk+DlkQk-r)+3(2t+l)]
3

_ (2k + t)(2k2 + 5k + 3) _ (k + r)(2k + 3)(2k + t) _

(r+1)[4(t+rl'z-r]

33

b)

Dil

o DE

vd tr6i bang A,.

thdy vorn= l,

o Girl srl

Tac6

di c6 Ak =

A,*1 =

hQ

thfc thing.

o"o; t" ,

A*+ (k *

ror- rr.

,; - k2(*:

l)2

(t + l)3

(k + l)2 (*2 + 4k + 4) _ (k + l)2 (k + 2)2

44

1.3. a) Det A, = I 1'*r

Gii

srl

ill

c6 Ar

+ 122n-t . pg thdy A, = 133, chia hdt cho 133.

I l**l + l22k-r chia hdt cho 133.
t25

Ta c6 1^61= llk*2 + l22k+t

ll . tlt*l + 722k-t 1tt + 133) = lt.Ar+ 133. t22k-r

ViAr |

133 nnA1*1

i133.

b) HD : D4t B, = 2n3 -

Gii

ili

+ l22k-r.122

11.11&*1

3n2

+ n, tinh Bt.

- Zt? + & chia hdt cho 6.

Ta phai chring minh B1*1 = 2(k + 1)3 - 3(k + l)2 + k chia h6t cho 6.
sir

c6 81 = Zf3

1.4. a) Vdi n =

I thi

2t*2 = 8 > 7 =2.1 + 5.

Gi6srlbdtttingthrlcdringvdi n=k>

l,titcld2k+2>2k+5.

Ta phii chrlng minh n6 cfing dring vdi n =

2k*3 > 2k +

hay

k+

l., tirc ld,2k'3

(1)

>2g + l)

7.

(2)

Th4t v4y, nhdn hai vd cira ( 1) v&i 2, ta duoc

2k+3

vi

>4t+

1o

=2k+7 +2k+3.

2k+3>0nen2r*3 >2k+7 (dpcm).

b) Vdi z = 1 thi sin2a+

1, bdt <ting

"or2o=
Gii srtdd c6 sin2k a + cos2k a <1 vdit>
sinr2k+2

d+

six!t2k+2

d+

"or2k'2
"o"2k*2

s-2k2k
stn a+ cos
1.5. Day thuc chdt
Phuong

ptiip;

as

li bii todn giii

thfi

1,

thing.

taphii

chritrg minh

o < l. That vey, ta c6

a=

sin2k

a.sin2 a +

"o"2k

o.ao"Z

l.

bdt phuong trinh tren N*.

C6 thd dung ph6p thrl, sau d6 du do6n kdt quA

vi chfng minh.

a) Ding ph6p thrl v6i n = 1,2,3,4 ta dg dorin : Vdi z > 3 th) bdt dlng thrlc
dring. Ta sE chrirrg minh didu d6 bing quy nep.

r Vdi n = 3, hidn nhin

<Id

c6 kdt qui dring, vi 23 = 8 > 2 . 3 +

o Gi6 srl bdt <tfing thr?c dring

126

v6i n = k, tftcli,zk > 2k +

1,

= 7.

'..-f:!tE4!rF

ta

sE

vli

chfng minh bdt <ling thrlc cflng dring

2k*r > 2k +

n = k + 1, tr?c

li

3.

That vay, nhAn hai vd cria

(2)

(l) v6i 2, ta dugc

zktt > 4k + 2 = 2k + 3 + 2k

> zk + 3.

b) HD : Dirng phdp thrl.

Vdi n ti 1 ddn 6, bdt deng thtlc ddu kh6ng <tring. Tuy nhien khong thd
ving k6t luen bdt phuong trinh v6 nghim.

vQi

N6u thrl ti6p ta th{y ring b{t phuong trinh dring khi n = 7 .'ta c6 thd l}m
tidp dd di t6i du dor{n : Ya n > 7 tht bdt phuong trinh duo. c nghiQm dring.
Sau d6 chfng minh tuong tUnhucau a).
c) Lim tuong tq nhu cAu a)

vi

cdu b).

DS:n>41)',,

1.6.a)Tinhs,=:,s"=:
r.u.
s/ rrrrrr "t ,l B,
5, "2 g'
b) viet

rais=

-4r:,

Ta c6 thd du dor{n S-

1
-

"4 - i'

s, =tr=

#r,r,

Z.l.,

tr

iu

=4n+l

Hgc sinh tu chrlng minh c6ng thfc tren.

1.7. V6i n =

Gii

l,bdttltng thrlc

sft bdt

drtng.

ding thrlc dring vot n = k ) 1, tfc

li

(l + a)...(l

(1 +a1)

Nh0n hai vd cia (1) vdi

+ a1)>

ar* a2r... * ay

(1)

+ a1*1 ta dugc

(l+al)(l + a)...(1+ar)

(1 +a1*1)

(1 + at + a2 + ... + a2)(1 +ap.,1)=

- I + a1+ A2+ ... * ag *' ap1+ atak+l + a2ak+t i

...

appl * a2a61+ ... + dk. a1*1 ) 0 nn

(l +a1) $ + a2)... (1 +dr) (l+ar*)> l
nghia li bdt tl8ng thrlc ctng drlng vfit n = k + l.

+ ar

AyA61.

Vt

a2-t ... + ak + ak+r,

127

1.8. Vdi tt =

I thi lal = lal.

Ydi n = 2 thi
ddu bang

la1 + a2l

xiy

<

lal + la2l. Ddy li

ra khi a1, a2 cing d{u.

Gi6 sil bdt ding thrlc dring

lAl

mi
ncn
tr?c

li

bfit d8ng thric khd quen thuoc ve

Slal

va

k22.DAt a1+ d2+ ... + ak= A,la c6

n=

+ la2l + ... +

lakl,

lA+a.o.llSlAl +la1*,1 < la rl +

(1)
la2l

+ ... + la*l +la1*,1

la1+a2+...+ak+apl<lal+la2l+...+lapl+la1*1,
bdt ding thtlc dring v6i n = k +

l.

$2.
z.r. ar

fr.

#', #

Dd chfng minh, ta x6t ti s6

b)

-4, 2,20,74,236.X6t

Dudodn ddy (a,) giim.

lLtt = 'o'-:t-]" = + . l. vay dey sd giim.

un pl-2n lo2
ddu cfia

hiu

n+t

n.

.l t. 1. i 1 + Lim tuong ru cau b).

491625

sJ, ztJl stJ4 utJi

;.;,;.;';.

.. 3

o,

Phdn tiep theo c6 the lhm tuong tu cau a).

cno y. Qua bdn bai tap trcn, hoc sinh c6 thd r0t ra nhan x6t v tinh hdp li c0a viec
x6t hiu ur11

- u, hay x6t ti s6 latl,

161 khao

sat tinh don diQu coa d6y sd.

2.2. a) Ta c6 u, = 0.

X&hieu

n+t

n=

Vay cong rhfc truy

128

+ l)2

4(n +

l)

+ 3 - n2 + 4n

=o
toi ra {/r
lun*t = u, +2n -3

vdi

- 3 =2n - 3.

r > l.

'' _._.-+

1t1

b) uo = 77' - 4n + 3 = (n - 2)' I > -1. Vay day s6 (un) bi chan du6i nhmg
kh0ng bi chen tren (Hoc sinh tu girii thich diu nly).

c)s,=

+22 +32 +...+ n2

-4(t +2+.., In)+3n

- lZn(n + l) + t8n _ n(n + t)(2n - tt) + tBn .

n(n + l)(Zn + l)

66

hiu

2.3. b) HD : Tim

n+t

l-- -r
DS:'I .i '

lln+t = un + \n + l)zn v6i n > 1'

c) HD : X6t ddu un*1 - u,.

2.4. a) Tit

un*.1

n3

ta c6

'

,.,l":

u2-u1=13
u3- u2=)3

'

n-r

unCQng tung

un-.,

= (n -2)3

th-t-@-,l)3

vdz ding t!!16/6irve mt g9r, ta 4ii.(S:

t

Srl dgng kdt

r= I + 1.3 +23 + ...,+ (n -

qui btri tep 1.2 b) - g I

t3 + 23 + ... + (o _ L)3

;;{)

i.-r

l)3

ra c6

- !)2

n2

vay u;t+++
b)
$ atDaaonr-l

uroo= 24 502 501.

ID

- ,

2.5.a) Tucmg tg bld 2.4.

Ds

un=s+@-'1)G+.q.

b) Tucmg tU

bli

2.6. a) HD : Vi6t

DS: a, =

:.

2.1.

vii

s6 hang dAu dC dU dodn cOrtg

I*J

thtc tdi chfng minh.

'

b) HD : Lim tucmg tq

bli

2.1 .

DS:.ur=3-n.
c) Vdi chri

reng

lEL
un

= 3. L4p tich cta n - I ti s6

un . un'l

'

...

n-l Un-2 U2

Rfit son vd tr6i duqc

'ullz
suy

2.7.

\.

a)

Ul

3n-t

= Y-r,

I
ur=

ra

uz

1't

nn-t

ur = 1
uz= 3

4=6
x+= l0

b) Sd c6c t^nt

gii6c un

thnnhtt Bvdn+

tp

I tlidm.

chinh liL sd d hqp chlp 2

ciran+ I phdntir.:

un=

ilq.

Ap dung cong thfc

c: =clr+c!-!
a c6 e,+2 = C|*1 + C)*1

hay
130

un+l=4n+n+

1.

.r ' I i'

-....

=-.-{G7

2.8. Vi 0 < a, < I vdi mgi n nn

u,a1(7
Met khdc,

tt

I-

un*r)

ar*1 > 0. Ap dung bdt ding thrfu C&"si ta c6

<1.
4

'

(l)

gia thigt

un+t

<f - .f,,

.oV ra

n+t.n1an-in",L<un(t-un*1).
'

(l)

So sdnh

e)

vn (2) ta.c6

(l -

ur11

un*1)

un

(l - !r+l) hay uo*1< uo.

s3.

':

-u,=3(n+ l)- I -3n+l=3.

' Vl urir = un + 3 nn di1, sd (i) li c{p s6 cQng vfft a1 r.'2, d = 3.

3.1.a)zr*1

b) u,*r

un=2'+t +

(r.r,) khOng phAi

c) Ta c6

li

2"

- I =2n. vl 2'khong lI hAng sd nEn diiy sd

cdp sd cQng.

un=2n+ l.

- un = 2(n+r) + t u1 =J;/=).
rn+r

d) DC chfng t6

u3- u2*

n2

(r,)

a1

li

2n

kh0ng phii

- * = k qfp $y, $ fto,li,t{n S{qOog,oi

li

cdp sd cQng, ta chi clhr chi ra, ching h4n

dir.

3.2. a) ur = 8, d = -3.

b)'u1=1,/=J.
c) u1 = lf, d=-13.
d) u1 =1,
3.3. a) DS
b)

Szo

d-2ho4cur=-17,d=2.

":

'

iun=-ll +4n (ur=-7,d=4).

= 620.
131

(l)

lur+u+ur=27

"' [,i +,$ * ,fi = zts.

Ap dung c6ng thrlc S, =

'Ihay u2= 9 vlo (l)

ru;'f

..!+F

(2)

tim,duoc u1* tt3= 18, suy ra z, = 9 (3)

vtr (2) ta dugc hQ

(rrr*r"=ts

+,fr = :sa.

l,l
Tt dey tim

duo. c

V{y ta c6 cdp

z, = 5, u, = 13.

sd cQng

5,9,13.

b)Tac6U2=it+Q.r1+d12*...+lr\+(n-l)d)2 j,,

n^r.

+.htfil+.2+.,;+(r? -1)l+ a2l(f

+?'* -.*(n-l)21

+n(n-t)ud-L#fi
M4tkh6c, a= m\*W#
=

Til (2) tim

nui

duo. c

ul, thay u1 vtro (1) dd tlm d.

l2(nb2 - a2)
,6 -.n- .:.,t

n'(n'-l)

,,=+l'-w*r)
3.6. HD

Sfi dung cdc cOng thtlc un --

unn

un-l

vtr

(ut +
So

u)n

de

chrlng minh

s, . E

;- 3^:-E,n
Tt (1) suy ra h thrlc cAn chrlng minh.
r32

(1)

J.r. taco

S,,=
S,l

Theo

2h + @

-l)d

2u, + (n -l)d
-T-n
----v-n.

gii thidt

S _f2ur+(n-tVln _m2.
S, l2ur+(n-t)dfn - nz'
Suy ra (2u1

- O@ -

n) = 0 (vor m

n).

rud6 .\=t.
.d

vav
"

an

_\+(m-i)d _z!\^.

un \+(n-l)d.

3.8. a) Ta c6 ur = 2, d

- 5,Sn=

Da

i+(n_t)d

_2n-1.
2n-l

',

!),,t1

245.

riirr)::rrt'tr':
nl2.z'+rn-t\51
|
'!
:
245=
e5n -n_490=0.

Giii
Tt

ra duo.c z = 10.

.1.-;rr;ri!

duoc, = urc= 2 + 9.5 = 47.

b) Xt cdp s6cO.ng 1,6, ll, ...,96. Tac6
d6 tim

s4.
4.1. a) C6 thC l{p ti sd

un+l
u_

, Cdp sd nhAn c6

q-

-125, q = 25.

r33

,- .*".-."rE

b) CdP sd nhdn c6

rr

= -31, q = -27.

c) Diy sd (4,) khdng phfi

d) Cdp s6 nhan v 6r u1=
4.2. DS

a)

ll

cdp sd nhln.

l, q = 1.

q=3, q =2.

b)z=10.
c)n=13.
4.3.DS: a)n=6.

b)z=5.

Do

(l)

nen q

-l)=15
-q)=6'

tuga -ur=ts
lu93 -urq =6

4.4. a) Ta c6 hg

tl,

(l)

suy ra

Bign ddi ve phudng tdnh

GiAi ra dugc q = 2Ya' q =

1.
2

rr,,.l
..';,.'

Nduq=2thlur=1.

-.:

Ndu4=j,nir,=-16.
,.!:

b)DS:

a1

=l,q=2. ..

t: .
4.5. HD : Ggi 4 sd cdn ttm le .r,

,,

z, t, ta c6 i

:
co.ng x,Y, z, t
';!
C{p s6nhAn x-2,Y - 6'z -7, t - 2.
CdP s6

r'l -l- i

!,

lx + z = 2Y
I

ly+t=22
Tac6h0 {
"

0 - 6)' = (x - 2)(z - 7)
te -1)2 = (y - 6)(t -2).
l
I

DS :.r = 5, y = 12, z = 19, t = 26.

134

*.:

Es3

4.6. DS:

10,20,40,80.

.,

4.7. TU gie thigt c6

hay un4 . un + 4un+r = zuh +

3. (l)

xn+t
11ur+tuo * 3un*t --un 1.
LAptisd
-un+t-!.u,
=
"
*n un+l +3 un -l
un+l
+3un
n+t n
-3

ol
\',

ural (uo+ 4) =Zur+

Tir ( l ) suy ra

xn*,

xt
Viy

u n+

= 2u, + 3 - 4u rrp thay vtro (2) ta duo. c

4unu + 3unu -.un - 3
un-ur+t

t.u n

?
= ?-u,
2ur+3-4unr1 - un*1 +3un-3= 5(un -ur*1) -=!.
5
|
....q I vi.r,
.
-d-.L.-,
-, cnp
-*- sd
xn+t=
ta c6
nh0n (x,)\ vli
=!
i,xn,

ra
r et'
c6
'1

,t =- - {l')'-'
t[;J

(3)

rid6timduo.c,^:E=

-(1)'-'-,

n +h
,.

4.E. HD :

Llm

=-4.

tucmg tr1

[1)'-'*

##
+[;.J +t+J +,

Vf dq 7.

DS: Ba s6phii tim h 2, 14,98.

4.9. a) Bidn ddi vd tr6i

z,zz(l

l\

b2cz o2r2 o2b2

*

" [.7*ur*})=-o--* b

orr2 (b212
abc

o2o,

=o3 +b3 +c3.

b) HD : Ap dgng bdt dlng thtlc CO-si cho

4.10. HD : Chring t6 hai ddy sd ddu

phdp quy nap.

li

cfuc

s6 a; b, c vd b, c,

day tang rdi chrlng minh biing phucrng

135

tip

Bni

l.

a)

.____rt:Fi:i!,+Gr

6n chudng tlt

HD: Xem vidu 2, $1.

b)HD:DntA, =n3 +(n+ 1)3+(n +2)3,dCthdyAl : 9.

Gii

srl da

c6

A1,

gvdi

t)

1. Ta phAi chrlng minh A1*1

9.

Tinh A1*1 = A* + 9t? + 27k + 27.

2.'

a)

HD : KiCm tra vor n = I , sau <16 bidu din

'

, -f--=-,-'
A**t= ar +(ft+lxt
+2)(k+3)

b) HD : Kidm tra

Gii

str

<t6

c6 81

vfi z = l.
k(k

+\(k +2)

Ta cdn chrlng minh

,o-,

3.

9il#9

bing c6ch rinh Br+r = go

a).Vdi n =4thi la-t =27 > 4(4

G + t)!k + 2) .

+2)=24.

Gii st di c6
3br

Nhen hai vd cia (l )

vfi

3, ta c6

^r.r
^k-1 =r^(l+l)-l

-(,t+

Do

2kz

1)

>3k(k+2)

[(t+ 1)+ 21 +2t? +2k-3.

+2k-3>0

non 3(t+l)-1

>(t+

chrlng t6 bdt tling thfc dring v6r n = k +

b)

4.

Giii

tucmg

Tt

cOng

lda1,2,4,7'11.

thfc x6c dinh day sd ta c6

un+t=2un136

1)t(/c+ l)+21,

cau a).

a) Nem sdhangdAu

b)

(l)

>k(k+2)v(trk>4.

n-t

t I hay ur4- un= un- un-t * 1.

(1)

M,, =

n+t

Vly (v,) li

- u, nOn t& (1), ta c6

rn= rn-l + l v6t n> 2'

cdp s6 c6.ng vdi

c) Dd tinh un, ta

(2)

;i = ,, - ar = l, cong sai d = l.

vi,t

1:

vt=1

u2

v3= u4-

u3

v2=

u3

;,-r=r.-*-,
l'r.1 =
CQng

ttng v n -

l'ln

- llo-1

hQ thr?c

trn

vi rft

ggn, ta drrgc

lu1t v2t ... * rn-t = I

- u2+ un= | -2 + un4 un- l,

':'"' :
nh-l\
suyrau,r- I +v1 t v2t ... l vn-t =l + -tt--

5.

... . ..f .,2,,.,1.,,4t

a) Nam sdhane <ldu lI'

jri'

Ut

I-ar ri

16

Ya+l

un+l=.

i,' u,

fr

r,lir;

il'

n+l

i,, , ,

''

:l: "

. 1-

(l)

Q)

Theo cons thrlc dinh nshia ta c6

Til

(l)

ra +=r =
vn (2) suy'vnJJ

Vfy, dey sd (v,) lir c{p

c) Dd tinh

,".

r,,

hay v,*s =

s6 nhnn, cO vr

ta \Ii6t tich cfia n

iv,.

},

f,i
I ti sd bing-3i

: v, .vipr'...v3.r,
't-[5,
=(1)'-t
t"-;
k
"*,

,r:'

\37

Viv
6.

u-

HD : Gqi

=L.
3n
ll

sd h+ng thrl hai cria cdp sd c6ng

u2, ta c6

u9=u2t7d,uoo=u2+42d.
Sir dqng

tinh chdt cria c{p

s6 nh6n u2

u44

= nl vn tdng c6c sd l}

217 ,

ta c6

h dd tim rl2 vi d.

DS: n = 20.
7. DS : Cdp s6 c6ng 5, 25,45.
Cdp sdnhin 5, 15,45.
E.

li a -

HD : Goi 3 sd d6
clp sd nhin.

d, a, a+ d rdi 6p dung tinh chdt cria cdp s6 c6ng vh

9. Ggi sd h4ng thrl nhdt cria cdp sd nhAn

Ta

c6

li a, vi c6ng bQi q.

...
,,1
s" = urq + uyq3 + ulqs + ...
&=

,r

(l)

+ urq2 + urq4 +

1'1

'

\'

(2)

Nhan hai vd cfra (1) v6r q ta c6

QSt

vlv
'

ufi

+ urq3 + r1q5 + ... = S"

s
q=+'
sr

10. Ggi sd do ba cgnh cria tam gi6c v:obrglir t.- d, x, x +

Theo giA thidt ta c6 (x + O2 =

(, - A'*

,'.

d..

(l)

Tt (1) tim duo.c x = 0, x = 4d.

Nhu vay c6 thd c6 tam gir{c wong thoe men ddri b}i, cdc canh cria n6 lir 3d,
4d,5d. DLc bict, ndu d = I thi tam gi6c w6ng c6 c6c cqnh li 3, 4, 5 (tam
gi6c Ai Cap).
138

*.

l2.D4t x4 = y, ta c6 phucmg ninh

y'-

,
- ..1 t'' '',.- ,.,) "
(3m + 5)y + (m +
0.

l)'-

(1)

Dd phuong uinh c6 4 nghim thi phucmg trinh (1) p,L4!rc6.Q,tg4i9**S.n

tr,tz(tr< ),. Mn nghiQm <t6 1 -Jyr,- Jn, J:14,Jn

.l
,
Di0u kiQn rtd 4 nghigm ffen Up *ranrr cen.1d
hay y,

D6p 5n
13.

|},lfi - fi

=9y,, kdt hgp vdi ttinh ll Vi6t tlm duo. c rz = S re ^ =

;
lE. (C);
14. (D)

,r[

-9,,,y.1,

:f1,* &v *61r i1 1;

Bii tqp trlh nghtfm

(C);' ''

17. (C)

lfrg

"

15. (B) i
19.

(D).

. i'

.,

'j

..,'n.

qt' :r$ti ll1i-'

!

,.,

199

$1. Gi6i hon c0o

ddy s5
n. mx rnrlc cAH r.rx6

,.

Gl6l hqn h(tu hqn

0 khi vi chi khi la,l c6 thC nh6 hcm

-l1T-u, =
tt mQt s6 hang nio 116 trd rli.
n--).+<o

2.

lim.v, =a <+ lim

-a)=Q.

lilm uo =

kd

tt

lim a, = --{o <+ lim (-a, ) = +oo.

,t-r+ao

+o khi vi chi khi

mQt sd hang

: Thay

tu!

nlo d6 tr& di.

dro lim

G6c gi6i hgn

limq'=9

un =

n-t-t(o

a,,r-)+<o
liyn u; = too, ta vi6t tit lirr,un = s, lim u, = 1cp.

d{c bigt

lim]=s;
n6u l4l

<l;

c) limc = c (c li hing

sO).

b)

un c6.thd l6n hcm m0t sd dudng l6n

4-)+.o

a;nm1 =6;
finr

140

tu) f, kd

Gi6ahqnv6cyc

) f-*,

3.

(vo

mQr sd ducmg b6

limnt = +co, v6i & nguyn duorg.

limqn =

+co ndu

4> l.

f,

Dlnh !i vi gi6i hgn hitu hqn

a) Nd.u lim

z, = a.vi limv, = D, thi :

.lim(u, +vn)=aa6;

lim(z,-v,)=a-b;

fimlL = | 6ur*oy
vn D

limury, = ab

b) Ndu a, > 0 v6i mgi n .vi,limu, = a, thi

a>0 vi tln rla

Dlnh li ll6n h9 giira gi6l h4n hinr han

a) Ndu lim

b) Ndu

gi6i h9n v6 cgc

a, = a vh lim vz = 1co thi limb = 0 .

limu, = a >O,limv, = Ovi v, > 0vdi moi

c) Ndu lim un =

6. Cdp sd nhan
o Cdp sd nhdn

o Cdng

vi

=Ji.

1o vi limv,

a>0

thi

thl

limb=+o.

limurvn = 1o.

lti v6 h?n

lii

vO

hqn

thfc tlnh tdng

ll

cdp s6 nhAn vO han c6 c6ng bQi q

S ctrir cdp sd

S= ul + u2t

B.

Cho d6y sd (ur) vdi

nhin

lii

4l-q

DU

limz, = l. Chfng minh ring, kd tt

u& di, tdt ch cic sd h4ng cta (u,) ddu nim trong khoang

a) (0,9; 1,1)

I.

vd han (zr)

u3t...+ un+...=

vi

thoi men H <

sd h4ng

nlo tl6

b) (0,99; 1,01).

citii
lim

a, = I <+ lim(u, -

duong b6 tuy

i,

1) =

0. Do d6, la,

- ll

c6 thd nh6 hon m6t sd

kd tU mot s6 hang nio tl6 tr6 tli.

l4t

a) Ldy sd duong

lun-ll<

niy li 0,1 (bAns

0,1 <+ -0,1

.L=92

), ta c6

1u,- | < 0,1 <+ O,9 <ur< 1,1 kd tirmOt sdhang

nio d6 trd di.

N6i c6ch kh6c, ttlt ci cdc sd hang cira ddy (un),kd

tr& di, <ldu nim trong khoing (0,9 ; 1,1).
b) Ldy sd ducmg nly

li

0,01 tua"e

lur- ll

< 0,01 <+ -0,O1 <

hang nlo t1l6 tr& di.

u,-

19f22).

tt

ta c6

mOt s6 hang

nio d6

110,01 <+ 0,99 < un < 1,01 kdttmgts6

N6i cdch khic, tdt ci cdc sd hang cria ddy (u,), kd tX mQt sd hang ndo d6
tr8 di, du nim trong khoang (0,99 ; 1,01).

Bi6t day sd ('l,)

vdi moi z. Chrlng minh ring

lima, = 9.

ll
D4tvr

ff.r^c6

limu,

=ri*+=hr-i i7 =0. Dod6, lv,lc6

tu) f kd tir m6t s6 h4ng nio d6 tr6

Mdt kh6c, theo gii thigt ta c6 lz,l < v, < lu,l.
thd nh6 hcrn mQt sd duong b6

Tt (1) ve (2) suy ra lu,l

hang nio

<16

c6 thd hh6 hcm mot sd duong b6 tu)

tr8 di, nghia

li

lim

di.

(1)
(2)

kd tir m6t sd

a, = 0.

Cho bidt ddy sd (ar) thoi mdn u,

lim u, = a6.

,2 vdi moi n. Chrlng minh ring

Gitii

Vi limn2 = +co (gi6i h4n d{c biOt), nn n2 c6 thd ldn hon mot sd ducmg
l6n tu! j, kd tt mQt sd h4ng dlo d6 tr& di.
142

--Ill$lECr

M4t khic, theo gii thit un>n vfi moi n, nln unciing c6 thd l&l hcrr mOt
s6 ducmg l&r tu! f , kd tir mQt sd hang nho d6 tr& tli. V{y limz, = +o.
Nhan x5t : Trong c6c vi dU tren, ta d6 vQn dung tn c ti6p c5c ttinh nghia vC gi6i
han c0a d6y sd.

Gitii

rac6

tim4nz

-n;t

3+2nz

=r*o--i-i
3
n2

-)
'.-

=r.

cVtdrl 5

Gitii

r-

r-I*'---= * n
n.l3
l3n'+l+n ,. 1J nt
,.
ur-fi -----.:-------- ': = uiir -----:=
l---;-

=" .r-znl'' "-'

rarr rim(n2

r-2n2

#)
_12
l*-----=
=

lim

z nr +co.
=
ll

n2

--!-

n3

.143

Tinh lim(-n2 +

nJi + l).
Gidi

rim(_22+

nJi+D=ri-r_,,i[r

rinh rm(\t'? +n

tA #)=*

-,[F--\.

("[7; - 1", .l(1,,

.,..r, L)I
,/\

m(.,f'., -,fF=) = rip. \

=lim

n+1
,[r'z

+, +r["'z I

J7;;*m-

,[r*1')
I nl
=lim--+-_:=lim

t+1

^lr,.l.,l,-i

_L

@fi-z

f-,n y : Khi 9i6i bli to6n 6 Vi du 7, ta d5 biSn tldi vd dang c6 thd ep duns hai ttnh
chdt sau

lim z,r = +

. N6u lim ar

co

<+ lim(- z, ) =

(1)

co.

- 4o vi limv, - d > 0 thi limurv, = +a.

(2)

Tuy nhi6n, nhgng bi6n ddl fan tnOng c6n thich hEp v6i Vi dU 8. QuA thlrc,
ndu ldm ttlung ttr nhu vay ta se c6 :

m(ll ., - lF - r) =,',"[,[.*

"Fi

=,''',[[.*-,F])
, ,,,.[,[.] ,FA
IM

= 0, n6n kh6ns

trrd.ap duns tinh chdt (2) 6 tren.

nnan x6t : Dd tim gi6i han c0a m6t day s6 ta thudng dua vd c6c gi6i han dang dec
bi6t vi 5p dung c6c tlinh li vd gi6i han htu han hoac c6c dinh lf vd gi6i han
v6 cuc.

Od c6 thd ap dung dugc c6c dinh li n6i trCn, th6ng thudng ta phai thrr. c hiCn
m6t vai bidn ddi bidu thfc x6c dlnh day sd de cho. Sau ddy li vii goi f bi6n
cldi, c6 tnd van dung tuy theo tuhg trLldng hdp :

- Ndu bidu thrrc c6 dang phan thr?c mi miu vd t0 ddu chrra c6c lu! thrra
c0a z, thi chia tfi va m5u cho n*, v6i

& lA

s6 mil cao nhdt.

- N6u bidu th0c dE cho c6 ch0a n du6i ddu can, thi c6 thd nhdn t& s6 vd
m5u s6 v6i cUng m6t bi6u thfc liCn hop.

cho diy s6 (a,) x6c dinh b&i

^:,! nnv6i

{::
Bit (un) c6 gi6i h4n

> r.

hiu h4n khi z -+ +o. hay tim liOi

Det lim r,! = a.Tac6

,r*, = *'u, + limzr*1 --

"t-2

lin.ti

tran aO.

+ u,

> o=JZ*" =a2 -a-2=O+a=-lhodca=2.

>

Vi a, > 0 n6n [ma, -- a 0. Ylylimun = ).

Luu ! :Trong ldi giii tren, ta dd 6p dr,rng tinh chdt sau diy.
"N6u limu, = a th\ limun+t = a"'
Ban doc c6 thd chrlng minh tinh chdt ndy bing dinh ngtiia.

.Vlda10
.

Cho

diy

sd

(a,) x6c dinh boi c0ng thrlc truy hdi

Ir
lar =;
tz

"

lr,-,

t"

-1z-,

v6in>t.

D6y sd (u,) c6 gi6i h4n hay kh6ng khi z -+ +co

Ndu.c6, hdy tim gi6i h4n d6.

G.BTOSICTI l- A

145

Tac6ul=

12?.4
Z r"r= | ;"2= ] ;r+= l.

Chring minh du dodn tr6n bang quy nap

_ Ya n = t,tac6 u1=

I+1

u1,*1

I
;

u,=#.

(l)

1 .-.
j @nng1.

GiA sll<tfing thrlc (1) dfng v6i

Khi d6 ta c6

ruaodudo6n

n= k(k>

1),

ngtiia

I
t+l
=
ffi,
:-T'- k+l

ld,

uk =

*.

nghia ld ding thric (l

cflngdringvor,n=k+1.

-Y4y

uo =

fror.

**.

Tt d6 ta c6 limz-,' = ltun-i = fim--l = r.

n+l

,.*

Nhfn x5t : Dd tim gi6i han c0a d5y s6 cho blng c6ng thrlc truy h6i ta c6 thd tim
c6ng O& t6ng qu{t, choiph6p tlnh u, theo a, bing cach dql do6n c6ng
thfc niy, vd chr.tng minh du do6n blng quy nap. Sau d6, tim gi6i han
cia ( ,) qua c6ng thr?c tdng quet.

oVidVIl
s= 2-

J,.t

-+.+Gitii

Ddy sd v6 h+r,
,1

146

-Jl

= --;-=----.
.

2,-Jr,r,-*. *, ... ,u m6t cdp s6 nhan vdi c6ng bQi

,l.z

lG

BlBtdrfl .B

.-="l48tE

vi lql=

I+l o < I

nn ddy s6

niy

li

m6t cdp sd nhAn

lii

v6 hqn.

2- =422J'
=
-J|*t
|
J2'2
,.1
,,J,

Do<16,s=2-Jr+r-**1-.

lii

Tim dang khai tridn cria cdp s6 nhAn

bing 32 vh v2 = 3.

Gidi
TUgiathidt.uyru
""y ,.

vd han (v,), brt tdng cria n6

'

32. Matkh6c,
rvr*. Nrqw, vz=yre=8
v2- vttt - o --r
>vyt;L=
1_a-J..

Thd vlo rting tlrfc neri t u

"o,

;.ft ,y = 32 e

I
I
"
2n-z 2n-5
Viy dang khai tridn cria (v) lh : 16, 8;4,2,1,

4q2

4q +

I=oe

- |.

ti

Ttd6vn=vrq n-2-o

i, ,#,.-

c Vi ih! 13

Vidt

diy du6i d4ng phin

a = 2,131313... (chu ki 13).

sd thap phan vO han tuen hoen sau

sd hf,u

Gidi

13
+...=1+_too!_
a=2.t31313...=2+)?-* 13= *...+
100 lO02
100,
i

13 ztt
-'-- 99- 99'
._^ 13 13 13
(Vt
100,#,.., *",

'-

llL mQt cdp sd

nhin

lii

vO han, cong

loo

bQi q

_
-

1.,

T06''
147

Nhqn x6l: - Cdch tlnh tdng cla mQt cdp sd nhdn tdiv6 hpn : Nhdn dang xem day
sd da cho co phai la mot cdp sd nhan lUi v6 han kh6ng (n6u didu nay chua
duoc n6u len trong giA thi6t crla bai toan). Sau tl6, dp dung c6ng thfc tinh
tdng da bidt trong SGK.

Cdch itm cdp s6

nhiln lii vO han

thrrc tinh tdng tld tim c6ng b6i

vi

n\t sd cli6u kiQn : Ding c6ng

khi bi6t

sd hang ddu.

Cech vidt m1t sd thAp phen vO han tudn hoen dudi dAng phen sd hinr ti :

Khai tri6n sd d6 cho drr6i dang tdng c0a m6t cdp s6 nhan h)i v6 han va tinh
tdng nAy.

c. BA TAP
t.t.

Bigt ri,ng ddy s6 (un) c6 gi6i han In 0. Giai thich vi sao day sd (vn) v6i
vn=lunl ciing c6 gi6i h4n ld 0. Chidu nguo. c lai c6 dring kh6ng ?

v6iuo= 1-1)'khOng thd c6 gi6i han li 0 khi n -+ +co ?

1.3. Cho bi6t dEy s6 (a,) c6 gi6i h4n htu h4n, cdn diy sd (v,) kh6ng c6 gidi
han hflu han. Ddy sd (u, + vo) c6 thd c6 gi6i han htu han kh6ng ?
1.2.

Vi

sao ddy sd (an)

vi

(v,). Bi6t lim an = -co vh vn 3 un vdi moi n. C6

kdt lufln gi vd gi6i h4n cira ddy (v,) khi n -+ +oo ?

1.4. a) Cho hai day sd (u,)

b) Tim lim

v, v6i vr= -nt .

1.5. Tinh gi6i han cia cfuc ddy sd c6 sd hang tdng qu6t sau dAy. khi n -+ +o.

a) a, =

c) cn =

+l

2n-3n3
------;----;-

n"+n'
znJi

n2

e) u-,,n
=2"

E) un =
148

3n3

n'+4

d)dn=

+2n-l'

(2-3n)3(n+l)2
1-4ns

, ". =(-+)' .#'

a!;

3n -4n +l
--------:-

-5n+l
b) bn = -----=-------

1.6. T(nh c6c gi6i h4n sau

a) lim(n2 + 2n - 5)

1.7. Cho hai ddy sd (2,)

2l <

1.9. Dirng kdt quA

nhu sau :

-;.

3n2

d) li'rn(S'z

vi

v6i moi n thi lim u, =

b) lim(-n3

+(-2ff;

c) tim[+'

1.E. Bidt lun

2)

-l -,[F.;)

(v,). Chrlng minh rlng ndu lim v, = 0

vi

lu,l < v,

Q.

C6 kdt lufn gi v gi6i h4n cria d6y sd (4,) ?

clu L7

dd tfnh gi6i han cira cdc ddy s6 c6 sd h4ng rdng qu6t

alu,=#: i)r,=T#;

^lr,=*,
d) a, = (0,99)n cosz

e) un=

5n

- .otlfi

n.

1.10. Cho d6y s6 (u,) xdc dinh boi c6ng thrlc truy hdi

'

l"t=z

{o.'

=+v6i

Chrlng minh rin

1.r1.

g(u)

n > r'

c6gi6i h4n hitu h4n khi z -+ +o. Tim gidi h4n d6.

rinh tdng cira cdp s6 nhan lili v6 h4n l,- +,

1.12. Tfnh tdngS=

i,- *" [-i)",

+ 0,9 + (0,9)2 + (0,9)3 +... + (0,9f-1 +...

1.13. Tim sd h4ng tdng qu6i cria c{p sd nhln

lii

v0 han c6 tdng bi'ng 3

vi

cdng

bQiq=:'
1.14. Cho dey s6 (Dr) c6 s6 hang tdng qudt lh b, = 5i1a

ta a+ |+

/cn.

Tim gi6i h4n cira

slrrf

a + -.. + sin'a

(0,).
Ag

1.15. Cho sd thap phen v6 han tudn hoin a = 34,121212... (chu

vidt a dvol dang mot phan sd.

ki

li t\.

Hey

1.16. Gie srl ABC li tam gi6c w6ng can tai A vord0 dIi c4nh g6c vuOng bang
Ta tao ra cdc hinh vu6ng theo c6c budc sau diy :

l.

A, ba dinh cdn lai li

cdc trung didm cria ba c4nh AB, BC vd AC (H.1). Kf hiu hinh vu0ng nhy
le (l).

- Budc,l .' Dmg hinh vu6ng miu x6m c6 mdt dinh li

Hinh I

Hinh 2

Hinh 3

Budc 2 : Ya 2 tam gi6c vuOng cin miu tring cdn lai nhu trong hinh l,
ta lai tao duo. c 2 hinh vu6ng miu x6m kh6c theo c6ch tren, ki hipu li (2)
(H.2).

Budc 3 : V6i 4 tam gi6c vu6ng can mtru tring nhrr trong hinh 2, ta lqi tao
duo. c 4 hlnh w6ng mdi mlu x6m theo cdch ffin (H.3).

- Budc thrl n : 6

brr6c ndy ta c6

2'-l

hinh w6ng mdi mau x6m

duo. c

tao

thinh theo c6ch rrn, ki hieu h (r).

a) G9i un
bu6c

li

tdng dicn tich cta tdt

thf n. Chrlng minh

b) Ggi S,

ringu"=

.ce

cilc hinh vu6ng m6i

duo.

c tao thinh &

7i'

li ldng diQn tich cria tdt ch cic hinh vu6ng

mtru xrim c6 duo. c sau

n bu6c. Quan sr{t hinh vO dd dlr dodn gi6i h4n cria S, khi n -+ +oo. Chrlng
minh du do6n d6.
150

'.-g.w

S2.

ci6ihgn c0o hdm s6

rtfru rn0c cAN r.rx6

1. Gi6i h4n hihr hqn

khoing K chrla <lidm rs vi him sti y

o Cho

K\

/(x) xdc itinh trcn K hoac ffen

{xo }.

lim /(x) = f khi vd chi khi v6i ddy sd (xn)'bdt 13, .r, e IA{xo} vI

x4xo
.rn

,f,6.

him

o Cho

lim_
x-+rd

c6 lim f (xn) = L.
s6 y =

f(x) x6c dinh

/(x) = tkhi

tac6

ta

trOn

vh chi khi vdi

khoing (rs ;

diy

b).

sd (xn) bdt ki, xo

xn

1b

vd

x, -)

xe,

limf(x)--L.

s6y=f(t) x6c dinh tren khoring.(a; rs).

lim /(x) = L khi vi chi khi vdi ddy sd (xx) bdt ki, a I
Cho hdm

xn

xs vh x, -+ xs,

.x-+xo

ta c6

lim/(x,) = t.

o Cho

him

sd y

=flr)

lim /(r) = Z khi

xdc dinh ren khoAng (a ; +co).

vtr chi

khi v6i ddy sd (x,) bdt ki, xn> a vd x, -+

+co

thi

-o

thi

lim/(x,) = L.
o Cho

him

sti y

=/(x) x6c dinh tr6n khoing (-oo ; a).

lim /(x) = I khi

limf(x")=

vir chi khi v6i d6y s6 (-r,) bdt ki, .r, < a

vi x,

--1

L.

2. Gi6i hqn v6 ctlc

Sau

diy lli hai trong

o Cho

him

sd y

sd nhidu loai gi6i han v6 cuc kh6c nhau

= flr) xdc dinh tren khoang (a ; +co). '

lim /(x) = -co khi vi chi khi vdi ddy

r-)_t (

ta c6 lim

/(x, ) = -

sd (.rn) b{t ki, x, > a

vi x, -+ +co'

co.

151

Cho khoeng Kchrla didm.re

r(

lim /(x) = +o khi

hhm s6y

= flx)x6c dinh trcn Khoic trcn

}.

{.rs

r-+.rb

xn

vi

xs, ta

vi

chi khi v6i ddy sd (.r,) bdt ki, x,e K \{16} vi

c6 lim/(x, ) = + oo.

Nhtn x6t :flx) c6 gi6i han +o khi vi chi khi -fl.r) c6 gi6i han -@.

3. C6c gi6i han

a) lim x =
x)xo

dic

biQt

.rir.

b)Iimc=c;
c) Iimc=c; ,d) [m9=O
r-r&
'
-r-+t@
x-++o ,{
e) lim .r* = +co , vdi t
r-++.o

nguyOn ducmg.

lim xt = -oo, ndu &li sdt6;

0 -l-+--{o
4. Olnh li

Dinh li

vi

(chhangs6).

C) lim xk
r-)--@

=+q,ndutlisdch6n.

916l hgn hihr hqn

a)'Ndu lim f(x) -- L vd lim 8(x) = M, thi

r-+t

.
.

fim

x-+xo

r-+r0 [.f("r)

fim
t-rt
Hm

+ g1x)]=

L+M;

[/(r)-g(x)]: L-M;

x')xO-[/(.r).s(x))=

L.u

. r-+rn
u. /1']=9
g(x) M tne, M+o);
b)Ndufl.r)

)
152

) 0 vi. lim f(x) = L,tht L> 0 va Hm #G) = JZ.

,-+r0
r-+ro

Cftu y : Dinh li 1 van d0ng khi .x -+ +oo hoec

-+

-o.

-fa-:.sF!F!!!'

Djnh

li2

lim
Z khi vhchi khi lim /(x) = lim /(x; = t.
rrtb /(x) =
,-+.lb
.r--)rd
5. Quy

tic vi gi6i hqn v6 c1rc

a) Quy tdc tim gi6i hqn cfia tich f(x).e@)

lim

,-+.lb

/(r)

lim s(x)
,rxo

lim
,)xo /(x)s(x)

+co

+co

-@

--{o

+co

-co

-@

+co

L>0
L<O

b) Quy tdc tim gioi hgn crta thuons

lim /(.r)
x-r&

lim s(x)

Ddu ctra g(x)

.t-i.r0

1o

L>0

4
Tui

/!')
ri.
x-+rn
$(x)

0
+@
-@

L<0

-@

+@

(Ddu ctra g(x) x6t tren m6t khoring iK nio d6 tlang tinh gi6i han, v6r x

B.

cho him

s6

flr) =

Dirng dinh nghia chring minh

2"

viDU

.l
r-l

*r-

rlng lu1/(r) = 5.

xs).

Gitii
Htrm sd dE cho x6c dinh

Gii

srl (-r,)

trtn

}.

li diy s6 bdt ki, xn* I vd xn -+ l.

,l

lim f(x")
-

z-+ |.o

2x?+x__3
-"n '-ni - = ,lim2(xn -l)(x,. +i)
= ,!lim
"
-i+@
Xn - |
++o Xn - |
,t

lllll. 2(x, + i)
= ar1@
Z

= 5. Do d6, lim
r-rl

lx
[l-x,

f(r) = {

/(x)

ndux > 0
ndux < 0.

Dirng <linh ngliia chrfuig minh rlng hdm sd

fl*)

kh6ng c6 gi6i hen khi.x-+ 0.

Gidi
Hi,rn sd d6 cho xdc dinh Ecn IR.

Ldv dliv sd (x-) vdi

Ta c6 xn-+ 0

Ldy

dey sd

vi ,r--).}od
lim f(x,) = lim x, = tim -=0.
,-+-lco
n-+-t@ n

(y,) vdi y, =

Tac6 y,-+
0
''

*-,,n
= l.

(l)

-1.
n

lim (l - y,)
vi z-++oo
lim ,f(y,)
lim (l + l) = l.
' =n-+"|.o
' =n-++@
n

(2\

T\i (1) vn (2) suy ra hlm sd/(-r) khohg c6 gidi han khi.r -+ 0.

ttan xet
Dd ding dinh nghia chrlng minh hdm
thudng lam nhu sau :

. chgn

sdy =flr)

kh6ng c6 gi6i han khi .r -+.16, ta

diy s6 kh6c nhau (an) vd (Dr) thoA man :4,r va b4 thuQo.tap.xac

cOa hdm sdy = fl.r) ve khec r0 i an-+ xoi bn-+ xgi
154

hai

dinh

Chr?ng minh

rlng lim f (ar) + lim,f(0,)

n-'-t o
han ndy kh6ng t6n tai.

holc chfng minh m6t trong c6c gi6i

n)]$

Lutt y : TruUng hQp "t -+ .rfr,

r -+ xe-

hay

-+ tco ch(rlg minh tudng tU.

cVidu3
Tinh

"1r,.^(f'.s-r)' b)fim11
*+3 x-z

")

c) lim (-x3 + x2 - x +7);

2x-l

t-

d)lim'-=l
,-+a

e) lrm ---------=.
t-+3- x

(x _ 4\'

r,-^(.[G-1)=

(-2)2

+5-l=2;

b) rim x+l=l*l=o'
Z
x-+3- X

5-Z

c) lim(-x3 +x2-x+l)= lim r31-r+1-4*41

=*-.
l
.x-+--{o
.r-)--.cD
X'
-X'

d) Ta

c6

l,*(,

hm.(l

(t)

--r) =-3<0.

4)2 = oua

(* - a)' > o v6i moix + 4.

(2)

Ap dung qui tic v gi6i han v6 cuc ddi v6i lhucmg

ra

lim' l - r= = -*.
x_+t
_
(x

Ta
.e)

c6

msir < 3.

4).

,tS_(2,
Do d6,

- 1)= 5 > 0, ]i1(r - 3) = 0 vh(x-3)<0

rim

4-l

vdi

= --o

xnln xot
Ttong c6c vi du tr6n ta di dr)ng trrc ti6p c5c {!nh lt vd gi6i han cla tdng, hi6u,
tich, thuong va can ct:a cac ham sd noac cac quy tic vd gi6i han v6 crlc.

r55

'

+lErE.

Tinh c6c gi6i h4n sau

x2 +2x-3
-----;x-+t)f -a-l

a) llm

2x3
c) llm --;---;- -4
x-++@
-X" - X' + I

+3x

,.,++(*-i

lrU
x2 +2x-3
4
-. -=;.. (x-1Xx+3) -. x+3 =:'
= ttm---.-.---.=_=
lTz,.r
x-->l)a' a-l

a) lrm

''' 2(* - rxx + j)

1-

[m-#x-+2tlx+7

b)

c)

-.
llm

-3

= tim
x)2

+3x-4
-----;-------;2x3

x-++o-IJ - X" +|

d)

lim

<z-i(J'*t *t) riq-(.6+7 +l)

= -6.
x-2
o-3
' ,7-4.r3

= 1i^'

'-*-l

*1
xxt

']

-r.

2x+3

-,rf,- 1 *,
=

lim

-2'

2x+3

l-("r+l) "

-l =-'
/,-,0-ld=,'-T-r,.,

.llilrl[-1=-r)=riln
r-+o-.r\r+r
r56

r'---:-

[m (V+x'z-x +2x) = Iim

0 t-+-@
,-)-{o
lim ---3--=
= ,r-+-@
, 1
I

xl ^14-:
Yx

(4x2-x)-4x2

tim

-2x

.r-+-co

J;i -, -2,

:tr;
-x

_.
I
Irfit ----x-->--<a

.14-:- +2

4'

Yx

tnan x6t
Khi tinh gi6i han me kh6ng thd ap dung truc tidp dinh li vd gi6i han trong sach
giao khoa, ta phai bi6n ddi bidu thoc x6c dinh ham s6 vd dang 5p dung dr-ro. c c5c
dinh li niy.
Sau day la mot sd cach bi6n ddi thudng cfi.roc dUng.

. ttnh

tim

-r-+rs

4l pli
v(/)

lim z(-r) lim v("r) = 0

,r-")ro = x-t)q

- PhAn tich tir vi m6u thinh tich cdc nhan trl vi giin udc. Cp thd, ta bidn ddi
nhu sau

.. u(x\= ..

(x

.. A(x)va ttnn ..
- x.')A(x)
=

,I,G=IEG, ,i,E(r)

,'*,,1,1

,tS

A(x)
B(x)'

N6u z(r) hay v(x) c6 chrla bi6n sd du6i ddu ctrn thi c6 thd nhln tr? vi m6u
v6i bidu thrlc lin hgp, tru6c khi phen tich chring thanh tich dd gi6n udc.

o Ttnh lim

r-+r'o

@ pri lim n(x) = tco yd lim v(.r) = +rc

Y('r)

tt vi

x-)xo

{ ,v(i n li

r-tlo

m[ bf;c cao nhdt cria bi6n

phAn tfch trl vd m6u thinh tlch chrla nhAn ttxz r6i giin udc).

Chia

m6u cho

sd

sd

x (hay

Ndu z(x) hay v(.r) c6 chrla bi6n r trong ddu ctrn thrlc, thi dua rr ra ngoii
ddu cdn (v6i t li sd m0 bQc cao nhdt cria.r trong ddu can), trudc khi chia ttt
vi m6u cho luY thta cta.r.

o Tinh Lim [z(x)

I+XO-

lim u(x) = +co ve lim v(x) = +co

- v(x)]- khi x-+XA
,rt)

hodc lim u(x).v(x) khi lim u(x) = 0 nd tm v("t) = 16.

a-+\
,r-+.to
x)xo
,
Nhan va chia v6i bi6u th0c li6n.hdp (n6u c6 bi6u thoc chrja bidn sd du6i ddu can
th0c) hoAc quy tl6ng mdu ttd clua vd cirng m6t phan thr?c (ndu ch0a nhi6u
phan th'lc).

157

c.

BATTAP

2.1. Ding dinh nghia tim cdc gidi han

x+3
x-+55 - X

a) llm;--

2.2. Chonainr softxl

=.1

r" '

[x' - l,

ndu x > 0

ndu -r <0.

a) VC dd thi cria hi,rn sd/(x). TU

116

du do6n vd gioi han criaflx) khi x -+ 0.

b) DUng dinh nghia chrlng minh du do6n trn.

2.3..a) Chfng minh ring him sd y

sinx kh6n g c6 gi6, hln khi .r

-r +o.

b) Giai rhfch beng dd thi kdt lufln 6 ciu a).

2.4. CIro hai hfun sd y = /(-r) vl y = g(x) cing x6c dinh tren khoing (-o ; a).
. Dnng dinh nghia chfing minh ring, ndu
/(r) = Z vi
8(r) = M

,l]m

,lim

thi lim f(x).el\=L.M.

.x-+-

2.5. fim.gi6i hqn cria c6c hhm sd sau

a)/(x)=
c) /<(x)

+khi,r+3;
ff

*, * -,

2.6. Tfilh cdc gi6i han sau

a) lim

-r2

-;a;
x-t-3 a" +2x-3

e) hm ---=------= i
r-++o {y 4 {J
158

b)ft(x)=

= ,14*2 - * + I khi.r-+ -

e) lr(x) =

-2+

!+khix-+-2;
(x + 2)'

co; Aflx)-x3 +i

+ t khix-+

vlthi x -+ -2-.

(l + r)3 -l
'
b) ltm :--------:-

r-+0

,* J,ns=-r
n x-+-2
x+I

-o;

."T-,'@!E

E)
- llm ----

r-+lJr+3 -2

ir

h)

lim
.x-)-fo

j)

rin1ll

r-r0 yz (yz^]----r);
a|
)

l-2x+3x3
*3

-g

lim 1x2 -111t-zx1s

x7 +

2.l.Tinh gidi han cria c6c him sd sau khi x -+ +oo vh khi x -+
a)t\x)

Jr

4.

= x+2

b)flr)=

x+3

-o

r*^[7]**t

c)/q)=,[t-r-,[*n
2.8. Cho hirm sd

fl*)=
c6 dd

2x2 -l5x+72
x2 -5x+4

tf{ nhuh}fi

4;

vio tld thf, drl dodn gi6i

cira him sdflx) khi x -+ l+;

a) D.ua
hqn

x-+l-;x-+4':x-+4-i
x -+

+co

vI khi l'-+-'tp."'

b) Chfng minh du do6n trn.

2.9. Cho hhm s6

/(x) =

It
I

i.t-l
I

lmx

3
- -=:-. ndux>l

x'-1

+2,

Hinh 4

ndux(1.

Vdi gi{ tri nio cria tham s6 rr, thi ham s6flx) c6 gidi han khi x +
gi6i han nhy.
2.10. Cho khoAn g K, xs e K

vi

hhm s6y = /(x) xdc dinh tren

Chfng minh ri,ng ndu lim f \x) =

r-) rb

K\{rs}

sao c-hoflc) > 0.

K\

Tim

{x6}.

+a thi lu6n tdn tai it nhdt m6t sd c thu6c

2.11. Cho him s6 y

f(x) xflc tlinh tr0n khoang (a ; +co).

Chrlng minh ring ndu lim /(x) = --co thi luOn tdn rai it nhdt m6t sd c
=

r-++co

thu6c (d ; +co) sao cho/(c) < 0.

g3. Hdm sS lien ruc

A. KtiN
1.

uOc

cAr,r

nt6

Him sd li6n tgc

o Cho

him

s6

y =flx) x6c dinh tren khoeng K vtr x6 e K.

khi lim /(x) = f (xs).

r+r0

-f(x)

y =flx) lien tuc Een m6t khoang ndu n6 li6n tuc tai mgi didm cua khoing d6.

fien tuc tai xskhi vd chi

flx) fien tuc trCn do4n [a ; b] ndu n6 li6n tuc trn khoing (a ; b) vi
lim /(x) = f(a), tim f(x) = f(b).

oy=
I--+a'

f-+h

nn6n x6t : D6 thl clla him s6 liCn tuc trCn m6t khoang la mQt 'dtldng lidn' tren
khoAng tl6.

2. G6c dinh

li

Dinh lt 1
a)

Him

sd tla thrlc lin tuc Een toen b0 tap sd thuc lR.

b) Hnm s6 phan thrlc hfru ti

ctra tAp x6c dinh cria chring.

vi him

sd lugng gi6c 1i0n tuc fien

ttng khoeng

Dinh li 2

Gii

sil y

a) C6c
160

=/(x) vi

,v

= g(r)

li

hai him sd lin tgc t4i didm 4,. Khi

him s6flx) + g(x), flx)

<16 :

dx) viflr).g(.r) cfing li6rr tuc tai didm

.q1 ;

0;

s6 y = flr) fien tuc ffen doan [a ;

nhdt mot didm c e (a ; b) sao cho /(c) = Q.

bl

b) Hdm sd

8Gl

fien tuc tai .16. ndu g(r0)

Dinh li 3
Ndu

hlm

vA

f(a)flb) < 0 rht i6n rai ir

MAnh dd tuong duong :

Cho hdm
phucmg

s6y =/(x) lien tuc tren do4n la;bl virfla)flb) < 0. Khi

trinhflx) = 0 c6 it nhdt mOt nghim trong

B.

d6

khor{,ng (a ; b).

Vi DV

cVith!1
X6t tinh lin trlc cria hlm sdflx) =

lx+3

I ,r- 1'

lz

taidiCmr=-1.

Tfp x6c dinh c0a him sd cli cho liD = lR, chta; = -1.
Ta

c6,.fl-l)'

=2

* *?
vi x-+-lx-l
lim
= -t * f(-1).

Do d6, him sd kh6ng liOn tuc tai x =

1.

cVIda2
(

X6t linh lin

tr,rc cira

him s6 /(x) =

-2

-.- -,

j , -;

tren tep xdc dinh cfra n6.

,l. ETMGTiI. A

16I

-'._:+

E=

Gitii
Tap x6c <Iinh

Ndu.r

criafl;) li D = R..

3 thi

.2

flx)

vi (3 ; +co).

trn cdc khoing (-co ; 3)

-1, -z li him s6 phen thrlc hfru ti, nOn liOn tqc

Tai x =3, ta c6fl3) = 5.

,...12

-2r-3

,,r(x+-lXx--3) = [m(x +l)=4*f\3).

=]'1,
x-r x-r3'
l9 ,-s
Do d6flx) khOng liOn tuc tai.{ = 3.

- Kdt ludn : Him sdflr) lien tuc tren c6c khoi.ng (-"o ; 3), (3 ; +co), nhmg
gi6n do4n tai

= 3.

oVidu3
Chfng minh ring phuong trlnh sau c6 it nhdt hai nghim
2x3

X&ham sd flx)=Lt"

Him s6 nly le him

-lox-7

=0.

lOx-7.

<la

thrlc nen li6n tgc tren R. Do d6 n6 lien tqc tren c6c

doan [-1 ; 0] vn [0 ; 3].

(1)

M4t kh6c, ta c6

.fl-l)= I ;,(0)=-? vd fl3)=

fl-1).f(0) < 0

Tt (l),

(2) suy ra phucmg tdnh 2r3

nghiOm thu6c khoang

162

vi

Do <16

17.

(2)

/(0).fl3) < 0.

(-1 ; 0),

70x

-7 = 0 c6 it nhdi hai nghim, mot

cdn nghiOm kia thuQc khoAng (0 ; 3).

rr-Blffiffl-B

b) Him sd

'

4D
s,(x)

1;6n tuc

tai rb, ndu 8(&) + 0;

Dinh ti 3
Ndu hAm sd y = flr) liOn tuc trn doan [a ; b] vd f(a)flb) < 0 th] idn tqi
nhdt mqt didm c e (a; b) sao cho/(c) = 0.

it

MAnh dd tuong duong :

Cho

him sd y = flx) lien tqc tren do?n [a; b]

vi

fla]f(b) < 0. Khi d6

phuong trinhfl-r) = 0 c6 it nhdt mqt nghiem trong khoAne @ ; b).

B.

Vi

DU

(x+3
t-

X6t tinh ten tgc cria him s6fl.r) = {

x-l'

Iz

taididmr=-1;

T{p x6c dfnh cria htrm s6 dd cho h D =

Ta

c6,fl-l)

= 2 ve

.r1

]imr=

Do <i6, him sd kh6ng lin

lR, chrfu

x = -1.

-l + /(-l).

qc tai r = - l.

cVldu2
X6t tinh licn t$c cta hem

It
1

ren qp xdc dinh

fi- EmSaG?fl-a

c0a n6.

161

Gitii
Tflp x6c dinh

Ndu x

ctaflx)

3 thi

lh D = R..

flx)

.2 -,>.

tren cAc khoang (--o ; 3)

la hirn s6 phen thrtc hfru ti, nn lin tuc

vi (3 ; +o).

Tai x =3, ta c6fl3) = 5,

,. *2 -2r-3,..(x+lxx--3)
=I-,

= [im(x +t) = 4 + f(3).

x-r

,-:

l*

.x-+3'

Do tl6/(-r) kh6ng lin tgc t4i .t = 3.

- Kdt lufn : Him sdflx) fien tuc tren c6c khoAng (-o

; 3), (3 ; +o), nhmg

gi6n doan t4i x = 3.

c Vl tllt 3
Chring minh ri,ng phuong

tlnh

sau c6 It nhdt hai nghiQm

zi -tor*l

X6t ham sd fl-r) =

Him s6 niy
<Ioen

li

Zi -

tO*

=0.

-1.

him da thrlc n6n fien tUc tren R. Do d6 n6 lin tuc tren

fl-1)= I ;,(0)=-? vn
Do <16

cdc

(1)

[-1 ;0] vn [0;31.

Mdt kh6c, ta c6

Tt

/(-l).f(O)

<

0 vi

17.

^3)=< 0.
/(0).,(3)

(1), (2) suy ra phuong tinh 2x3 -

(2)

l}x -7

= 0 c6 it ntrdi trai nghim, mOt

nghiQm thu6c khoAng (-1 ; 0), cdn nghiOm kia thuQc khoAng (0 ; 3).

t62

fi-rrD35n'.B

'.i.6,.r-t:..*.iEil

Chring minh ring phuong trinh sau ludn c6 nghiQm vdi moi gi6
tham sd rz :
(1 - *2)*5 - 3.r - 1 = o.

tri

cria

Gitii
x6t hem s6flx) = (1 -

- !.
+l >0nenfl-l)/(0)<0vdimoim.

-3*

vi /(0)=-

^21t5
I <0vifl-l) =m2

M4t khec,

/(.t) ld him da thfc, lien tuc tren R, nen lin tuc tren do4n

[-l

(1)

(2)

; o].

(l)

vn (2) suy ra phuong tdnh,(x) = 0 c6 it nhdt mot nghiem fiong

khoang (.1; 0), nghia li phuong fiinh (1 - m')x"-3x-1=0lu6nc6
nghiPm vdi moi m.
Tn

nnqn xet
Dd chung minh phudng
vi b sao cho :

fla)flb)
Gho

f.

trinhfl*) = 0 c6 it nhdt mot nghi6m, cdn tim ilrlgc hai sd a

<0

vi him sdfl:r) liCn tqc trAn doen [a ; ]1.

N6u phuong trinh chrla tham sd, thi chon a vd b sao cho

fla) vd flb) kh6ng cdn ch0a tham s6 hay ch0a tham sd nhung c6 ddu kh6ng cl6i
hofcfla)flb) chfa tham s6 nhrmg tich l\a).f(b) lu6n Am.

C. BAIIAP
(x
3.1. Cho hlrn s6flx)

'

- 1)lxl
'r

Ve dd thi cira him sd niy. Tt <Id thi du tlodn cfc khoing trn d6 him sd
lin tuc vi chrlng minh du dodn cl6.
3.2. Cho vi du vC moj hlm sd 1i6n tuc tren (a ; bl
qc nn (a ; c).

vi

tren (D ; c) nhung kh6ng lien

163

3.3, Chfng minh ring ndu mOt hhrn sd lien tuc tren (a ; bl
li0n tqrc tren (a ; c).
3.4. Cho hdm s6 y

=flx) xdc dinh ren khoang

Chrlng minh ring

@:

vi

trOn [D ; c) thi n6

b) chita didm 16.

ndu lim 'fG)-.fko) = L thi ham s6flx) lin tuc tai

X-XO
r+t

didm xs.

Hudng ddn: D4t

g(x)

- L vi

3.5. X6t tinh lin tuc cria c6c him sd sau

a)f(x)= Jx+5

t4ix=l;

t-=:-, ndu x< I

lJ2-x-t ne'u x> I
,
l-2,

b)e(x)=

bidu diEnflx) qua g(x).

raix=1.

3.6. X6t tinh li6n tuc cria cfc hdm sd sau tren tap xdc t[n]i cira chrlng

It=
a)flx) = lx - Jz
t__t

n6t

x+Ji

b) s(x)

[ ,-,=.
nux*2
z)'

lG -

[ 3 ,ndux=Zx2 -, -)
nu x * 2
3.7. Tim gi6 tri cira tham sd m dd he,m sd f (i =
1;,
, n6ux =2
lm
I zJz, ndu x=Jlt

lin tuc t4i x = 2.

(GIlrt x * t
'
3.8. Tim gi6 tri cria rham sd z dd he'rn s6 /(r) =
]#+
l^' ,ndux=l
I

lien tuc tren (0 ; +co).

3.9. Chrlng minh ring phuong trinh
a1 xs

3x

b) cos2x

- 7 = 0 lu6n c6 nghim

2sinx

2c6 it nhdt hai nghiQm trong

q "k +6r+l-2=0
t64

c6nghiomduong.

*.*, (- # , .)

'---r
,

3.t 0. Phucmg trlnh

r! - Zi + I = 0

c6 nghi0m hay kh6ng trong khorlng (-1 ; 3) ?

3.11. Chfng minh c6c phuong trinh sau ludn c6 nghim voi moi gi6
tham s6 z :

a)

11.

m2)(x

b) m(2cosx

t13 +

-Jzl

tri

cira

i -x - 3 = 0 ;

= 2sin5x +

1.

3.12. Chfng minh phuong trinh

x"n +
nhien

n-l
n-2
a1i"
* a2x"'
+ ... + ar-1x t

an= 0 luOn c6 nghiQm vdi z

li

sd tg

16.

y = f(x) lien tuc trcn doan [a ; b]. N6u fld).,f(r) > 0 thi
tinh/(x) = 0 c6 nghim hay kh6ng trong khoiing (a ; b) ? g1ro vi

3.13. Cho him sd

phuong

du minh ho4.

3.14. Ndu htrm s6 y = fli)'k'h0ng fien tuc r0n doan [a ; D] nhung fla)flb) < 0. rhi
phuong uinhflx) = 0 c6 nghigm hay khong trong khoiing (a; b) ? Hey giii

'

thich c6u

tri ldi bing minh

hoa hinh hoc.

Bnl Uip 6n chudng lV

1. Tinh c6c gi6i h4n sau (z

a)'

llm'G3\n + 2.5n
l-5n

-+ +co)

b) lim l+2+3+...+n
n2 +

n+l

\
"tml[,?*z*r-^tn.r-1
)
2. Tim gidi h4n cria d6y s6 (un) vdi

(-l)'
. un= --;--

a)

3.

n'+l

,
;

b)u-=

^n -n
2
3z +1

Vidt s6 th{p phen vd han tudn hodn 2,131131131... (chu ki 131) dudi d4ng
phen s6.
165

4.

cho diy s6 (2,) x6c dinh

o,

=t

f,a

tr., =rt#

a) Chfng minh rang z, > 0 v6i moi

v.,n > t.

r.

b) Bi6t (u,) c6 gi6i han htu h4n. Tim gi6i han d6.

5. Cho d6y sd (2,) thoA

mdn un

< M vfir moi z. Chfng minh rang n6u

limun=athia<M.

6.

PISA

TU d0 cao 63m cira th6p nghieng PISA A

Italia (H.5) ngudi ta the m6t qui b6ng cao
su xu6ng ddt. Gia sit m6i ldn cham ddt qui
b6ng lai
md

niy l6n m6t d6 cao bing

qui b6ng d4t

au.uo

ngay tru6c d6.

duo. c

Tinh tlQ dei henh

fr

ITALIA

tinh

cira qua b6ng tir thdi

clidm ban ddu cho tldn khi n6

nim yn trn
.

mat ddt.
7. Chring minh ring him sdflx) =
8. Tim cdc gi6i han sau

t) u- .f,rll, *J ,

x-->3-

1.1.

lim (x' + 2x'tl x

,-++@

9. Tlm cdc gi6i han sau

khong c6 gi6i han khi x -+ 0.

x+5
a) ltm -;-x+-2X'+X-3

c)

"orf

- l) :

d)

lim
,-)-l

2x3

- 5x-4

(.r +

1)2

b)
x2 +16

rm ,(.,f,'? + r - r)
"l ,r-)+o
\
I

fim+rE;

x-+t

r/x - I

o),\ta#,-x+l

2xa +5x-l
lim
-',;-A7-*2+x4'

166

Htnh 5

4xz

':v.(* *)

=fl.r) thoi mdn ddng thdi

10. X6c dlnh mQt him s6 y

a)

flx)

x6c dinh tron R

cdc didu ki0n sau :

1},

/(-r) = +co ; lim /(x) = 2

x-+l
-t-++.o

b) lim

vI .t-r--
lim f (x) = 2.
lx2

tt.x6ttinhlintucciahdm s6flx)

+5x+4

- ]ffi'

r ,

ndu

r*-l

n6u

x=-[

ffen t3p x6c dinh cria n6.

12. X6c dinh mQt hem sd y
a)

=flx)

thoA

min ddng thdi c6c didu ki6n

sau

f(x) x6c dinh tren R,

b) y

=flx) lien fic fien (-.o ; 0) va trn [0 ; +oo), nhrmg gi6n doan tai x = 0.

13. Chfng minh ring phuong trinh

a; xs

5x

-l

= 0 c6 it nhdt ba nghim

3x

=t t c6 ft nhdt hai nghiQm vdi moi gi6 tri cia m e (-2 ; 2).

14. cho ham

sdflr) =

a) Trong

khoing

f
(l

: 3)

15. GiA sir hai hlrh sd y

=^l).

:y;

b) Trong khoing (-3 ;

/(0)

(t - 4) + xa - 3 = 0 luOn c6 it nhdt hai nghiQm v6i moi gir{ tri

b) n(x D3
cria tham sd m
c1 x3

= 0. Phucms uinhflx) = 0 c6 ngfu-em hay khong

l)

=/(x)

va y = X*

* )l

Chrlng minh rang phucmg

nghim trong doan

[0:

ddu lien tuc tren do+n [0

trinh flx) - fA

*))

; 1] vi

= 0 lu6n c6

!'r.

t6't

"" -T{@;F
Bii'tfp'tr{er.n!hl$m
16. Chgn mQnh d dring trong cdc mQnh dd sau

(A) Ndu fimlz,l = +"o, thi lim

(B) NCu

17.

ri, = +co ;

[mla,l = +o, tlii liniz,

: -o ;

(C) Ndu lim

a, ='O thi fimln,l = 0

(D) Ndu lim

u, = -a thi fimlu,l = a.

an -an
" biins
^n.
z +l

lim'

,;,-*
le.

,tim
(A)';

20. lim
x-->2-

(A)

(.r

13 +

(D)

-o.

t) uing

; :r'i"fr)

'- _t

-o ;

uang
i--i
t ' z

-.o;

(9)1l"

-:G).i
.4

,.

21. Cho hlm s6 f (x) =

@).+"o.,

)r-l

lim /(x) bing

* k. x-r-l*
:'

(A)
1.68

+co;

(B)

i5

(Cll;

@)--o.

'

a'.

,rr. i^

,-.3-

!2 -.6

btt

(B) -.o

9 + 3x

rarl;
J

{c)};

(D) + o.

,t4?--n

llllr ----------------r-.r-{o x + I

(A)2;

(B)

-2;

(C)

1;

(D) -1.

24, Cho hnm sd/(x) x6c dinh tren doan [a ; b].

Trong cfc m6nh dd sau, m6nh tld nho dring

(A) Ndu him sdfl.r) li6n tuc tren doan la ; b1 vdf(a)f(b) > 0 thi phuong
trinh /(x) = 0 khdng c6 nghiCm trong kho6ng (a ; D).
(B) Ndu/(a)/(r) < 0 thi phuong trinh/(x) = 0 c6 it nh{t mot nghiem trong
khoing (o ; b).
(C) Ndu phuong trinhflx) = 0 c6 nghim trong khoing (c : b). thi hem sd
/(x) phii lien tuc trn khoilng (a ; b).

'

(D) Ndu hlm s6 /(x) lien ftc, trng tren do4n [a ; b] v] fla)flb) > 0 thi
phu<mg trinh/(x) - 0 kh6ng thd c6 nghiOm trong khoang (a ; D).

25. Cho phuong trinh 2x' -

5i

+.r +

(1)

= 0.

Trong c6c mnh dd sau, mnh dd nho ching

(A) Phuong trinh (1) kh6ng c6 nghim trong khorimg (-l ;

l)

(B) Phucmg trinh (1) khOng c6 nghiOm rong khoing (-2 ; 0)

(C) Phuong trinh (1) chi c6 mot nghim trong khoing

(-2 ;

1) ;

(D) Phudng fiinh (1) c6 it nhdt hai nghim trong khoang (0 ; 2).

r69

ldr orfu - xu6ue oAn - sAp s6 cxuoNo rv

sl.
1.1.

Vi (2,) c6 gi6i h4n li 0 nn la,l c6 thd nh6 hon m6t

ti

sd ducmg b6

tu) f, kd

m6t sd hang nio d6 tr6 di.

Met kh6c, lv,l = lla,ll = lu,l. Do d6, lv,l ciing c6 thd nh6 hon m0t sd ducmg
b6 tu) f, kd tt mQt sd hang nio d6 tr& di. Vgy, (v,) c6 gi6i han ld 0.
(Chfng minh tudng tu, ta c6 chiu

l4r ciing dfng).

nguo. c

1.2.Y\ lu,l = l(-1)'l = 1, nn lz,l khong thd nh6 horr m6t sd dudng b6 tuy y, kd
tt rn6t sd hang nio d6 tr0 di. Ching han, lz,l kh6ng thd nh6 hon 0,5 vdi
.

moi z.
Do

<16,

d6y sd (2,) kh6ng thd c6 gi6i han

li

0.

13. Day (u, + v) kh6ng c6 gi6i h4n hfu han.

Th$t vAy, gi6 sir nguo. c l4i, (un + v,) c6 gidi han hitu [rqn.

Khi d6, c6c ddy s6 (un + v,) vi (2,) cing c6 gi6i han htu h4n, n6n hiu cria
. chdng cflng li m6t d6y c6 gi6i han hitu han, nghia li d6y sd c6 sd hang
tdng qudt ld u, + vn - un = rn c6 gidi han htu h?n. Didu ndy tr6i v6i gii
thigt (v,) kh0ng c6 gidi h4n h0u h+1.
1.4. a)

Vi lim u,= -o

ducmg l6n tuy y, kd

M4t khdc,

Tt

v\v,3

ti

lim(-u,) = +.o. Do

d6, (-un) c6 thd 16n hon mot sd

(1)
mot sd hang nio ct6 tr&

nn

unvdi moi

nn

(-v,)

<li.

) (-un) v6i moi z.

(1) vn (2) suy ra (-v,) c6 thd l6n hon m6t s6 duong l6n tu!

s6 hang

(2)

f,

kd

tt

nio d6 tr& di. Do d6, lim(-v,) = +oo hay lim v, = -6.

b) X6t day sd (u,) = -n.

Ta c6

-n! < -n

Tt kdt qui
170

hay

v,

< urvdrmoi z. MEt kh6 c lim ur= li6(-2)

cau a) suy ra limv, =

lim(-z!) = -o.

= -oo.

m6t

-'-TEES

1.5.

a)

-3

b)

e) liml 2' * 1'l =

n)

1.6.
1,7.

c)0:

+o;

d)

27

4'

I
ri,z'lr * 1.
I =-,-- ;
\ n2')

-*'

f) 0;

t>

a) +co ;

b)--;

limv, = O* lr, I c6 thd nh6 hon moJ s6 duong bd tu, r, kd ti

nio tl6

mQt sd h4ng

tr&di.

(1)

\n lr,l < v, vd vn < lvrl vdi mqi n, rdlr. lu,l < lv,l vdi mgi n.

(2)

(2) suy ra lu,l ciing c6 thd nh6 hdn mQt s6 ducmg b6 tuy y' kC til
m6t sd h4ng nlo d6 tr& di, nghia li lim u, = g.
Tir (1)

vi

1.8. lim un = ).

0.
. ydi moi z ve limln = 0 nenrm*
n! =
lrll +n

l.e. a)' Vi l+l

b)

0;

c)

d)0;

0;

(1)

r\

cos{z7i

(.5')

Do rt6- Hml I

M4t khdc, lim5z =

= 1'>

o.

+o.

'(2)

'
5'

cosJ-zr) = rims'

[r

"(3)

19f) = .17l

r^

lur = z

.l

1.10.

,. - ,
vdi z>1.

1,,"=Oia
_?5917
Tac6, u1- 2,
Dudo6n,

"r=

i,

"^=#v6iz

=;,

un=

i,

"r=

i.

e N*.

Chrlng minh dg do6n ffen bing quy nap (ban doc tu chfng minh).

rrd6, rimz,

=r !:+=r,_[r.[r'']=r,_[r.,(r']=,

1.14. Dey s6 : sina, sin2a, .,., 'sin'a, ... u6, a

han, cOng b6i q = sil a

rn lsinal < I
Hon nta, b,

v6r a

*|

ciei fiong

tr,I

+ kn rnn

Gt' ")

ln moJ c6p s6 nhin

172

YOr n =

l,

lti

v6 h4n.

sina +sin2a + ... + sin'a = Sr.

Vi dq

13, ta c6 a

1.16. a) Chrlng minh bing quy

mQt cdp sd nhdn v6

Do d6, lim b, = sina + sin2 a + ... +sinna + .,. =

1.15.

*rc,li

-j3g-.
1 - sina'

= 34,121212...

n n u,=

1126
-T'
(1)

)y.

mOt hinh vuOng duo. c tao

thinh c6 di0n tich lit n =

j.

Vay (1) <I6ng.

Gi6 srl c0ng thfc (1) dfng v6r n = k (,t > 1), nghia le uo =

chrlng minh (1) dring v6i n =

k+l,trlc li chfng minh

ap*1 =

j;.

Ta cdn

That v{y, & budc thrl k ta c6 2Fr hinh wdng m6i miu x6m duoc tao thinh.

O"g udi m6i hinh vu6ng nly ta lai tao duo. c hai hinh vuOng mdi trirng bu6c

thf

t+

1.

Tdng diQn tich cria hai hinh vu6ng mdi niy trong bu6c thrl & +
din tich cria hinh w0ng tuong rlng trong budc thrl /c.
Do d6, tdng diQn tich tdt cit cdc hinh wOng m6i c6

I I
li.- a1*1 = il.=

2*z.VlV

duo. c

.l_l
-+

chims minh.'sz=ur
d6. limS, =

S,as6,

trong bu6c thrl

/<

+I

(I)tlfngvdin=k+1.

Kdt lwin.' Vdi moi z nguyn duong ta lu6n c6 un =

b) Dtl dodn ; S,

I bing nrta

khi n -+

+co,

u2t... * u,=

hay lim S, =

.'
-)zh+l

7.

i. i* -..# =;-# *

i.

s2
2.1.

a)-4 i

2.2.

b)+o.

l*'

flx)=i^

ndu x >o

[x'- I, n6u x <0.

a) (H.6) Dq dodn ;

Him sd/(-r) khong c6 gi6i han khi -r -+

b) Ldy hai ddy sd c6 sd h4ng tdng qrrilt ld a o =

Ta c6,

ar-+ 0 vi b, -+ 0 khi n -r

+o.

tu

O, =

0.

- !r.
(l)
173

__ :I

>0

Do <t6,

nn f(a,) = I2.

= -trrr{ = 3.
-lim-/(4,1
-r-t
a-+1@ n

(2)

tun [l-,]=-,
f(b)=r-++co
\ n)

(3)

,t

,
I _,
Vi,--<0nn
f(b^)=7-t.
Dod6, rim

lt+-.o

Tt (1),

(2) vtr (3) suy ral(x) khong c6 gi6r

han khi x -+ 0.
2.3. a) X6t hai d6y sd (ar)

!6. a, = 2nn vd (bn) v(n b, =l+2nn(n e N*).

Ta c6, liman = lvn)1n =

rimD, =

1a

*(;. r,"1= ^,(*l

limsina, = 11n sirr 2nt =.lim0 = 0

limsinD, =
Nhu v4y, a,

-;

Hinh 6

*'.[i.

qc., br -+

nhung lim

z,n)= ri.r

+o,

r,)

= r.

sin

a, * limsinDn. Do d6, theo

clinh nghia, hhm s6 y = sinx kh6ng c6 gi6i han khi x -+ +o.

'

2.4. Gla

'

Vi

it (.t ) lI day s6 bdt ki thoi m6n x, < c vI x, -+ -o.

lim /(r) = L nn lim f(x,) = 7.
z-++co

J-+--o

\n i-r-".@
Um C@) = M nen lim 8Q) = M.
,!-)lDo

d6, lim f(x,).s}) = L.u.

n-)1@

TU dinh nghia suy

174

ra lim /(x).g( x) = L.M.

, "'

2.5. a)

..-=!!r!EF

c) lim

tim

I. 1

[xl

la---!-

1l' x'x2

=,'ix[-'\F-++)=*
d)

lim (x3 +.r2 + l)

:-+-

lim x3(1 * 1* 4l
= x)--<yc
X x'

= ---.

. e)-ovh+co.

I =j.
2.6.a)
lim -x+? ='x-+4(x
li,
1,1 -3 = r' x-+-3
az +2x-3
-lXJ+3) x-+4X-l 4

,}gtq*!=gl
= lim

(1

r-

.r[(t + .r)2 + (t + r) + t]

rim

.r l
-.
lrfil -;.--

x-++6

d)'

xz -

+ -r)2 + (1 + *) + 1]

.r-r0

c)

l)[(l

[tt

+ xl2 +(1

+x)+ll1 =3.

ll
=

,1:

x'

rm-j:l:=
x-+sJx
-J5

=]*(c*s)=26.
I-:

Gi

;|*+,ovtrnqi.r'>o).

''

115

x2+5-9
..
''-..i3llz.F*s-a
x+2 ,'5:)1x+a(F;.4
t)

--------------=-

tutt

..

=lllll-----'--:j_.

(x -2)(x +2)

_)

= ltm:=xt-z,t*2 *5

+s +ll
''-2(r+2ll,l12
\/

_.,

*3

G-1 =ti. (G-tXJ;l+z)

ntli"' x-+lJx+3-2 rrl
x+3-4
lim
= r-.'l

(J;-t)(.fi-.2)
x-l

.. Jx +l +Z
= lrm............:- = 2.r-+l Jx + I
h)

lim
r--)+@

l-Zx+3xj
*3

*1
,
r-+-|co .

-g

]Tlr(?;-')

2 tz
'

*2=

lim

ro xl

F;-

176

x'

l/

-13
I*""=*""=

z.t.a;aff =

=3.

ti^ t= .( :^*' ) = r* =-l = -r.

= x-+o
yz
al) *-+o l2 ql

(x2 - l)(l - 2r)5

-.
llm _----;tun
= r-+--.tr-+--@ X'+X+ 3

--T

lim

,-+lo

'f +x+3

= (-2)s ='-32.

t,H.f,J
,.F}
"'Y
= lim Y =
x+2=,

l;aa r,*2=r

lim

I-r+@

_{'-;

1--_ ',

l+a)t

.lm ,t'C -2, =

------------:x--r--<l X + 2

,*#

r-

lim

r--'-=

-'{'-;
x+2

-.h-i
Y -r
tim
.t--)--<o't+-

x-l
',t7 -

lim

,.r

x-l
x+x 1-: + -^
xx'

x-1

= j lim

=-1.

1- aI

,.m

2'

= lim

r^ ll?l-.[n
x-+-"o\
=

12-

lim

tlDatctl+ a

l)

,,,,

(x2

lim

x--r"<'

x)

(x2 +

1)

lx2 -x + Jx2 + l
I
2

177

2.8. a)

D( ilodn: lim /(,r) = +oo ; lim /(x) = -o.; lim

= -o
x-+l*
r-+lx-+4" "f(.t)

Iim /(*)=2; lim f(x)=2.

/(r) = r-o ; ,-)+@
,-+-@

lim
x-+4

b)

'

Ta c6,

l5.r + 12) = -l
,t5.(rr' -

-5x+4 <0v6imgix

vd, x2

2xz
-.
irm ---;--l5x+12

x-+l+
o

Vi

\d

x' -

lim [2x2
r-+l- \

5x + 4

,,S.(l -sx++)=o

e (l;4)nOn

= -.;6.

- l5x + 12)/ = -l

-5x+4 >0v6imoi.r<

x2

< o.

<

0,

lim (x2
*-+tl \

-sx++)=o

1n0n

-.
Iffi

2x2 - l5x + 12
----;= -'r.
x-+t- x' - 5x + 4

vi ,,S.(r" - ls.r + 12) = -16 < 0, li"}.(l - sx'+ +) = o

vd

x2

-5x+4

>

0v6imoi.r>4nn

2x2 l5x + 12
-.
rrl-rl ----;- -

ovi
vl

-*,
x' - 5x + 4
fim (zx2 - l5x + 12) =-16<O' tm (x2 -5.r+ a)=o
/
,r-+4- \
,-r+- \

x-+4*

x2

lim
x-+4-

5x + 4

2x2

<0 vdi mgix e (1 ;4)

nen

-l5x+12

';:-:"':'-'---' - = +O.

-5x+4

2x2 - l1x + 12
. -.
|Im -----;r)ta a'-5x+4

178

11$maotll

/ r
3 \I= -.
x2+x-2
^';
lim
l-i
-| --=:_t) i-,l1 (x_tXx2
,'.+i;(r-

2.9. tim f(x)

*" = lim

;;"

+x+l)

x3

..
lim

(x

x+2-'i'- -' = ,.
-l')(x+2)
lim :--

r-+1*(x-1)(.r'+ x + l)

=1.

x-+t*

x'+ x+l

m= -1. Khi

lim /(x) = lim(zr+2)=m+2.

r-rlx-+lflx) c6 gifhan khi.r -+
2.10.

m+2=

<16

lim

/(*)

l.

\n x)xO
[m /(.r) = +o nn vdi dny s6 (xr) bdt ki, .rz if \ {.16} vi.r, + *s ta

ludn

Ti

c6 lim /(x,) = +-.

,t-)-l".o

<linh nghia suy

raflx)

c6 thC ltu hon m6.t s6 duong bdt k], kd tX m6t sd

h4ng niro d6 tr& di.

Ndu s6 ductng

niy

li

1 thi

flr,) > I

kd

tt

N6i ciich kh6c, luOn tdn t4i it nhdt mQt sdxl e

Dlt
2.11.

m6t sd hang nio il6 tr& di.

K\

{xs} sao choflr*) >

l.

c = xr, ta c6l(c) > 0.

Vi .x-++@
lim /(x) = -co n6n v6i ddy sd (irn) bdt ki, xn> a vl xn-+ +o ta lu6n

c6 lim /(x,)
,r-+-t@
Do

tl6
'

= -oo.

lim [-/(.r,)l = +"o.

'-++co

Theo clinh nghia suy ra

s6 h4ng

-f(x)

c6 thC l&r hon.mot s6 duomg bdt ki, kC tU moJ

nio d6 ff& di.

Ndu sd duong

niy

li

2 thi

-/(r)

> 2 kd ti m6t s6 hqng nao d6 tr& di.

N6i cdch kh6c, luOn t6n t4i it nhdt mQt s6 x1 e (a ; +co) sao cho

-flx)

>2

hayflx)<-2<0.
Df;t c =

4,

ta c6l(c) < 0.

179

$3
3.1. a) flr,t

(x

- tllxl

-t' ndu x>o

=[* _x,
ndu x<0.

Hdm sd nhy e6 tap x{c dinh ln R

{0},

b) Tn dd thi (H.7) dU <todn flr) lien tub

tren cdc khoing (-co ; 0), (0 ; +co), nhung
kh6ng lin tUc tren lR. That vay,

Vdi.r > 0, fix) = 19 - I h hem da thrlc nn

lie; tuc tren ]R, do d6lin tuc nn (0; +-).

< 0,flx) = I -x cflng lA him <la

thfc nn [en tu. c fien lR, do d6 [en tBc fien

-Y(ix

(--.o;0).
D6

Htnh 7

th{y h}m

sd gi6n doan tai x = 0.

lx +2, nu

xs}

x>0.

3.z.Xlhim sd fl-r) = .ll' I

l*'

vi 1i1- /(x) = -1, iiT_

ndu

/(r) = t.

Trudng hqp x < 0.

flx) = x + 2 le hem da thric, lien ruc tren lR, n6n n6 lien tuc tren GZ;O).
o

Trrdng hqp x >

f(x)

-x"

li

O.

hhm sd phin thrlc

htu ti nen lien tuc tren (0 ; 2)

thuQc tep

x6c dinh cira n6.

Nhu vay fl.r) lien tuc tren (-2 ; 0l ve tren (0 ; 2).

Tuy
- nhin,

vl

tim.
,r-r0*

fim,{
-/(x) = x-+or
yz

han htu h4n t4i x = 0. Do

lien tuc tren \-2;2).
180

116,

= +o nen hnm s6/(x) kh6ng c6 gi6i

n6 khdng lin tuc tai x =

0:.

Nghia ltr kh6ng

33. M hlm

sd

ten tgc ffen (a

,l

nen

[en tgc tren (d; b) ve

[m /(.r) = /(D). (l)

x_+b-

Vlhim sdlientucrn []

; c) nenliCntuctrCn (b ;

c)vi lim f(x) = f(b).

(2)

*+b+

(l)

vh (2) suy ra /(x) lien qc tren cic khoang (a ; b). (b; c) va lien tuc
tai x = b (vi linr /(x) = f(b)). Nghia ld n6 hen tuc tren (d ; c).

Tn

x-+b

3.4. Dat s(.r)

Suy ra

- I@O - t
- f (x)x-xo

g(r) x6c dinh ren (d ; b)

M{r khdc,flr) = flxs)

\ {rs} vi lim g(.r) = 0.

- xo) + (x -;e) g(x) nen

lim
+ L(x - rb) + (x - x6) s(x)]
= Im
rJt /(.r) r-+.lb [/(rb )
+

L(x

tim /(ril ) + lim l(-r

= Ir.rb

,-+.h

rb) + lim

(, -

x-+xo

,o). lim g(-r) = f(xd.

,-+.lb

Vfy hnm s6 y =flr) lin tuc tai x6.

3.5. a) Him sdflr) = Jx + 5 c6 tap xdc dinh
trn khoing (-5 ; +oo) chrJ,;a x = 4.

li

[-5 : +o). Do d6, n6 x6c

dinh'

M lim/(x)= lim.,6+5 =3= IG) nn/(x)li6ntuctaix=4.

x--+4x--r4

'

b) Hlnn s6 s(x)

| *-r1'

ndu

x< I

l-2r

ndu

r> I

= 11, -,

x-

Ta c6,

s(l)

c6tapx{c dinh la R.

-).

lim s(x)

.r-+l-

(1)
-_l
= fim @-t11J2-**1,
= lim -;=:l- x
r-+lx-+t- tlZ- x -l
= Hm (-Jf -, -r) = -2.
.x-+1-

riry-s(x) = lim (-Zx) = -2.

(2)
(3)

.r->l+

rt

(1), (2) ve (3) suy ra lim g(x) =

r--r I

-2 = g(l) . V1y C(x) li6n tuc tai x = l.

181

3.6.a)flx)=

I *z --t
2,

nu x* Ji
l'
1x-J2'
t_
t z"l-z , n$ x= Ji.

TAp x6c dinh cria

li

him s6li D = lR.

ttilrl = t-+

oN6ur*..8
Day

x-'12

him phnn thric htu ti nn lin trlc tren cdc khoing (-co

(Ji;+*).
cTaix= J2

J2) vn

"

lrm
,-rJix-J2= ,-Ji

lrm f{-rl = lrm

,-Ji"'

.--'rtlxf*!

lim-(r *.Jil
= x-+J2

---------------

x-J2

zJi = t<Jil.vfy

hirn s6lien ec t4i x =.6.

Kdl ludn : y = flx) liOn tuc trOn R.

I| tx
- --=.
n6u x+2
-'
b) g(x) = ](, -i1'
,nu x=2
Il
o N6u r * 2 tht g(x) = L:+
,
(x -2)'
trOn c6c khoAng (-co

c6 4p xdc dinh D

b = R.

l}r hhrn phan thrlc hitu ti, nn n6 li0n tgc

:2\ v\ (2: to').

I r;

Tair = 2: limg(r) = lim

= --oo. VAy hlrm s6y = g(.r) kh6ng
t-+2
x-+2 (x _ 2).
lin tuc tai r = 2.
Kdt luQn ; y = g(r) fien ftc tren cdc kho&ng (*co ; D vn (2 ; +o), nhtmg
o

gi6n doan tqr x = 2.

3.7. m =3.
3.8. rr

r82

=+i.
z

3.9. a)

X6tflr)

= ,5

3*

- 7 vi hai sd 0 ; 2.

b) X6t/(x) = cos2r

2sinx

+ Zren

\
"
1|lr;"}

- [b
\. 2,"\

cdc U,oeng

"k .6- - | - 2 = 0 e x3 + 6x + | = 4 o x3 + 6x - 3 = 0.
Hlm sd/(r) = i + 6x -3 li6n tgc tren IR ncn licn tuc fien doen [0 ; 1].
c) Ta c6,

Ta

(2)

c6fl0)fl1) = -3.4 < 0.

Tir (1) vn (2) suy ra phuong trinh x3 + 6x

thu6c
Do

(0; l).

<16,

3.11. a)

(l -

=*o-3f

*211* + l)3 + x2

/(x) = (1 - *211*

d6 n6 lin tuc trn

Ta

phuorg,rinr,l/If * o, * t - 2 = 0 c6it

3.1A.Huongdiu X6tflx)

173

[-2

(l)

-x-

+ x2

0 c6 it

nhdt mot nghicm

nhdt mot nghiem ducmg.

+ I =0trndo?n

l-I;ll.Tnitdi:C6.

3 = O.

-x - 3 li

him da thric nn lin tuc ren R. Do

-l].

c6fl-1) = -1 < 0 vUt-2) = m2 + 2 > 0 r6nfl-lX:2) < 0 vdi mo. i rz.

Do d6, phuong

ttnh,(r)

v6i moi m. Ngtfa li, phucrng tinh

nghiQm voi moi m.
b\ trt(2cosx

-Ji)

= 2sin5x +

(l

-m2)(x+D3

o Ta

f(fl = { * o 1xn-r + al-2

s6

+i:x-3=

1.

HD : X6t hem sd/(x) = m(2cosx -Jil

3.12. Hdm

(-2 ; -l)
0 luon c6

= 0 luon c6 it nhdt mQt nghiQm trong khoing

-2sin5x

.. -

I ffcn doan

[+

+ ln-rx + an xicdinh trn IR.

,-)+oo"f(x)

lim 1xo + a1x'-r + o2*n-2 + ...+ an-tx + a,t)

= xJ+co

'

*9r\=**.
lim xn(' I *9L *2+...+d'+
= ,-*'x x2 -- xn'l xn'

c6 lim

lim ,f(x) = +Vi r-)-ko

lim/(x") = +o.

nOn vdi ddy sd

;]

(x,) bdt ki mi xo -+

+oo,

ta lu6n c6

t83

Do

d6,

flx,)

c6 thd

ltu

hon m6t sd duong bdt ki, kd tU m0t sd hang nio d6

tr& di.

Ndu sd duong niy li I tht fl.r,) > I kd tir m6t s6 h4ng nho d6 tr0 di.
N6i cdch kh6c, luOn tdn t4i sda sao chofla) > l.
(1)

lim ,f(x)
t--)--.o

lim (xn+ atxn-r + art6n-z +...+

=,-+--{o

lim r,(t *! * 9+...+

= -r-)--<o
X
Xt

Vi

lim f (x) = --a

nOn vdi

diy

o!-l

Xn-t

sd (x,) bdt

an-lx +an)

At
=-o
X'.

ki mi

xn

(doz16).

-+ -@, ra lu6n

c6

lim/(x,) = -co, hay [m[-/(r,)] = +-.

Do d6, -f(x,) c6 rhd ldn hon mot s6 duong bdt ki, kd tt m6t sd hang ndo d6
tr& cli.

Ndu sd duong ndy

li

thi

-flx,) > I

kh6c, lu6n tdn t4i D sao cho -flD) >

o

Tt

(1)

vi

tt

sd h4ng

nio d6 tr& di. N6i c6ch

I hayflD) < -1.

(2)

kd

(2) suy rafla)f(b) <O.

Met kh6c, him da thric /(x) lien tuc trn lR, nn licn tuc tren [a ; D].
Do d6. phuong tdnhfl.r) = 0 luOn c6 nghim.
3.13. N6u him sd y =flx) licn tuc Een doan la ; b) vdfla)flb) > 0 thi phuorg trinh
flx) = 0 c6 thd c6 nghiOm hotrc vO nghiOm trbng khoang (a ; b).
V.[ du

minh hoa :

cf(x) =r2 - I lien tuc tren doan [-2 ;21 ,f(-2)f(2) = 9 > 0. Phuong trinh
. *2 - I =0 c6 nghim.r = + I trong khoang (-2 ; 2).

.fig=i + I [en nrc trendoan t-l ; l] vefl-lfil)

i + | =}lCivd nghiOm trong khoring (-1 ; 1).

=4 >0. Cdnphuong rinh

3.14. Ndu him sd y =flx) kh6ng fien tgc tr0n doan [a ,. D] nhungfla)flb) < 0 thi
phuotrg uinhfl.r) = 0 c6 thd c6 nghiQm ho{c v6 nghiQm trong khoing(a; b).

t84

':i*

Minh hoa hinh hqc (H.8)

Hinh 8

a) flx) =0 vo nghi0m fiorrg (a ; b)

:,

b)fl.r) = 0 c6 nghiOm rong (a

; D).

Bni tQp 6n chudng IV

l. a\-2;

b);I

I
c)T

2. a)-fac6,lu.l=l#l=

fr1 o^,".=;;.

(l)

I
Ta c6 lim v, =

rm-t: ; = Err.-tT=
t -t'-i

g. Do d6, lv"lc6

thC nh6 hon mqt

n'

sd duong b6

Tt (l)

tuj f,

suy ru, lu,l =

Vfy, lu,lcflng
. nio

kd

mQt s6 hang

nio tt6 tr6

<ti.

u, = p"l.

c6 thd nh6 hcm mOt s6 ducmg bd tu)

d6 tr0 di, ngtria

b) Hudne din

tt

: la,l

li

lim

f,

kd tU mot s6 hang

z, = Q.

lnn -l

nz

'
=l#1. 3"+l

;:'+ll
r3l 131,
+...+131 _ +...
3. 2,131131131...=2+ffi*r*d
131

= 2*__1666_
I

-#

=r**=12.
- eee eee'
185

(vi l3l l3l

Iooo'

''f
rood'"'' looo,

,... ,u mqt cdp sd nhan lii v6 han v6i c6ng bQi

4.

= looo)'

a) Chring minh bing quy n?p : z, > 0 vdi moi

n.

(l)

-Yoln=l,tac6u1= I >0.

- Gii sir (1) dfng vdr n = k > l, nghia li

d(ng v6i

Tac6

rul

> 0, ta cdn chfng minh (1)

n=k+1.

u61=+#

viap>onn

u*r=ffir0.

- K\i tudn: zn > 0 v6i moi n.

b) D4t

lima, = a.

,,, =*#+

rma,*1 =

r*'#:: - o =U+ + a = rJl.

' V un> 0 vdi moi n, nn limu, = a > 0. Tt <16 suy ra limu, =

"f1.
5.

Xdt dfly s6 (v,) vdi rn= M

uocMvdimgin-vn>
Mat khac,

6.

0 v6i m9i

limv, = lim(M

TU(1) vn (2) suy ra M

- un.

un)

- a>-0

z.

=M

hay

(1)

- a.

(2)

a<M.

M6i khi cham ddt qui b6ng lai niy ln mQt do cao Uane

fr

dO cao cfia ldn

roi ngay tru6c d6 vd sau d6 lai roi xu6ng tt dd cao thrl hai niy. Do d6,
dei henh trinh cria qui b6ng kd ti thdi didm roi ban ddu ddn

r86

thdi didm cham ddt ldn thf nhdt lir d, = 63

thdi tliCm ch4m ddt ldn thrl hai lir dr= 63 +

thdi rtiCm ch4m <l{t Idn thrl ba 1A d3 = Al +

2.ff
2.fr

2.ft

dQ

-E!
- thdi <lidm cham d{t ldn thr? tu lA d4 =63 + 2.fi + 2.ff -

thdi tlidm cham d{t ldn thri z (n > 1)

dn

63

+,

#.

2.fr ;

li

r#*...

2.fr.

(C6 thd chrlng minh khing dinh ndy bing quy nap):

Do d6, d0 dli henh fitnh cira quiL b6ng kd

nlm yen trcn marddt le :
d = 63 +

63 , 63
\r
v i rz.fr ;2.

nen ta c6

,ff.,

l0'-r

(m6r).

ti
lir rnat
mQt o4'n
cdp cxnh4n
s6 nhin titi
liri rrn
v0 han, cOne bOi A =

I
I

0,

n63

#*...

ddu Chol

A = <rr, *--rn

l1z

*r,...

Yty, d =ol + 2.fr

7. Hrtong

thdi tlidm roi ban ddu ddn khi

* 2.9 * ... * 2.4=+...

z.*
l0

,2. 63

1o2,...,

tt

*2.9

2.fr. .= ; _,t =

ro.

'-m

*... * z

ffi+...=63

+ t4=77 (mlt).

hai ddy s6 c6 stl lrang,tdnS.,,eurit

Tfnh

vi

so sdnh

lim/(ao) vi lim/(D,)

a,

=fi

"e

dd kdt luan ve gi6i

h4n criaflx) khi x -+ 0.

8. a)-3;
9. a)4;

b)6;
b)l:

+co;
c)2;
c)

lim

,J',*

7 +1

--.
Alj:
d)

I
2'
187

,i* [--]o r-+2*\x'-4

10. Ching h+nflx)

'

- x-z) = r- -i'*
x-->2+ X'-4
r

-Ll

^2
..2t *::
= (xl)'

2)

= 1;* -1-r
x-+2*

xz - 4

-*.

Dii deng kidm tra duo.c rrngflx) thoii m6n c6c

didu kin dd nOu.

11.

Him

s6 li6n tuc trOn lR.

(z
r '
12. Hudng ddn.' Ching h?n x6t /(r) = ]
[x - t,
13.

Htdngdin
a)

ncu x > 0
ndu x<0.

X6thim sd.flx)

= *5

5,

-l

tren cr{c doan

[-2 ; -1],

t-l

0l vn [0 ; 3].

- l'f d - 4) + xa -3 trn ejc doan l-2 ; ll, tt ; 21.

c) X6t him sd flx) = -r3 - 3x - mtsn cdc doan t-l ; ll. tl ; 2i.
14.a)Y6x*21us6 l:p:J=0
<> x3 +8,r+l =0.
b) X6t hem s6

flx;

= m(x

x3 +8.r+ > 0 v6i mgi.r e (l ; 3) nn phucrng trinh 13 +8x+ = 0

khOng c6 nghiOm trong khoing (1 ; 3). Eb tl6, phucmg trinhfl.r) = 0 khOng
c6 nghim trong khorlng niy.

Vi

b)

/(.t) ln him phin thric hflu ti, n6n lin tuc tren

[-3 ; l].
kh6c,fl-3)flr)

ta

; 2). Do d6, n6 lin

tuc tren

M4t

Do d6, phucmg
15. x6t him

s6

rac6

= -100 < 0.

tinhflx)

sr:) =1txl -

= 0 c6 nghigm trong khoing (-3 ; 1).

flx

+)t.

8(o)=/(o)-no*jt =fl)) -f(+),

xl=r<|t -oi.l,=n j r -nn =nlr -rror

(vi theo gii thidt,f(0) =,f(l)).
188

Do d6, 8(0)

s(;

I = r.nol

Ne. g(O;

8(|

; = 0 thi x = 0 hay, =

N6u s(0)

-x

lr

rn

-.nolr
fa

r.(0) -.7r+ )1, < o.

ogr,i6

cira phrlong

ririh std

jl. o.

Tn

(l)

l] vi do d6 n6 lin tuc tren

sd

y = g(x)

Q)

[, ' +]

ve (2) suy ra phuong trinh g(x) = 0 c6

khoing to ;

(t)

Vi y =flr) vi y -flx * j I aeo fen tgc tren tb+n [0 ; 1], nn hdm

cf,ns lien tuc tren [0 ;

=.

lt nhdt mOt'nghim trong

jl

Kdt ludn.. Phucmg trinh g(x) = 0 hay,rlr)

- X-

**l

= 0 lu6n c6 nghiQm

trong doan

D6p

lO;

i}.

dr Bi!tfp tric

nghiQm

(B).

16. (c).

17.

2r. (D).

22. (B).

ri.tcl.

le. (D).

20. (A).

23. (B).

24. (D).

2s. (D).

189

O nuonuv. DAo HAM

,u-

SL Dlnh nghio vd

nghio c0o doo hdm

n. rcfru rx0c cAu r.rH6

1. Oinh nghia

'

him

s6 y

=fl.t) x6c dinh tr6n

N6u t6n tai, gi6i han (htu han)
Cho

kh oimg (a ; b), xs

e (a

; b), xo +

Lx e (a ; b).

.f(t + a.r) - /(*)

6.
Ax
aIro
duo.

c goi ld dqo hdm cira/(.r) tei xo, ki hieu

.r'(ro) =

2. Quyt{c tinh dqo

Budc

= rr; rt? :

fl

:Tinh lim 9.
I-+o Ax

cf,O y : Trong dinh nghla va quy t5c hen ddy, thay 16 bdi
quy

190,:

ltql

him blng dlnh nghla

=,(ro + A.r) -/(xo)

Brdc2 :f-apri s6

;g.e*@

hay y'(rs)

: V6i Ar le s6 gia cria d6i s6 tai xs, tinh

Ay

Budc 3

li/(.rs)

.x

ta sE co dinh nghia va

trc tinh bgo hdm c0a hem s6 y =fl*) tai didmr e(a;b'1.

3. Quan hG glila tinh li6n tgc

flx)

c6 dao hhm
t?r

4.

r0

vi

sg c6 dqo him

/(x)

1i0n tuc

t4i xs

nghla hlnh hgc cfra dgo him

Ndu tdn t?i,,f(no)

ti6p tuydn cira dd thi hem sd y =

hQ s6 g6c cria

/(x)

Me (16 ;flxs)). Khi tl6 phuong trlnh tidp tuy6n cta <Id th! him s6 tai Mo

)o

=/'(rd

vft li cfra dqo him

v(t) = 5'11; li v{n tdc tric thdi cira chuydn

(-r

t+i

li

xo).

5. Y nghr-a

d0ng s = s(r) t?i rhdi didm t.

B. VrDU

Bing tlinh nghia, hfly tinh dao him cria him

s6

y = J2a

t4r x6 = 5.

Gitii
Tfp x6o <tinh cira hirn
o

Vdi Ax

ll

s6.15 cho ltr

={, " = }}

'
sd gia cria ddi sd tai xo = 5 sao cho 5 +

av= Jr6+
oTac6

^r>r

&

e D, thi

-JmL.

a)= ''lr+2Lr-J9
Lx
o

Khi tl6

* 2A' - rX"6 * 2A' * rl

= ,* tJq
Ar-+o Ax a-r-+o

Y'(s) = firn 4Y-

..
i""io

Ax(J9 + 2Lx + 3)

g+2Lx.-9

-.
<Ji + zt, + sl dlb

Jg +

zt, + t
191

Cho hhm s6

',2+*

. v= i;a) HEy tftrh

@)

(blng dinh ngtria) d4o him cia him

sd dd cho

tai.r =

b) Vi6t phuong trinh tidp tuydn cjua (G) tar <liCm A(1 ; -2).

a) V6i A;

li

s6 gia

cta d6i

sd t?i

(l + Ax)2 + (l+

Lv=

l+ Lx-2

1, ta c6

Ax)

1+1

l-2

l+zlx+L* +l+tx
A-r-l

2 +3Lx

Lxz

Lx
Ay _
Ax -

5+Ax

Ar-1

+zlx-2

5Lx

-l

Ar-l

'

rim9=u-5+{=-s.
A.r Ar--r0 Ax - I

Ar-+0

vay

y'(l) = -s.

b) Phuong trinh tidp tuydn cta

(6)

ta1

A(l ; -2) li!

y+2=-5(x-l)

hay

.y=-5,r+3.

chrtng minh rang hhm sdflx)

1)2' ndu 'r 2 0

- {t' -

[(x+lX,ndux<0

kh0ng c6 dqo hlm

t4ir

= 0, nhtmg lien fi]c t?i d6.

Lx2

l.

Gildi
a) Ta

c6fl0) =

1.

Trudc hdt, ta t(nh sidi h4n b6n phii cria ti s6

f(?
=

f(0)

r"

"o

f(x)-f(o) - (.r-1)2-l
t
.r-0
- 12 -2,
x

=x-2(v(i x+0),
do tl6

,,-

,f(x)

- /(o) =

r-+0+ r-U
Sau d6 ta

tlnh gidi h4n ben trdi

,,,,, "f(r)

r-+o-

'r

.r-+0+

- f(0) _
-

fim (x _ 2) = _2.

(x+l)2-l
r-+o- x
lim(x+2\=2.

r-+0-

vi

gi6ihqn haibenkh6c nhaunenkhong tdn t4i

khi

gi6ih4nc*U.6

x -r 0. Didu rt6 chftig t6 hnm sd y = flx) llrOng c6 rteo hnm tai

x=0.
b)

Vi

lim /(x) = lim (x - l)2 = I'

r-+0*
r-r0'
lim /(x) = lim (x + l)2 = I
x-r0r-r0-

vn flO) = I nn him s6./t.r) ten qc tai x = 0.

oVidt!4
chfng minh ring him

sd y =

kh6ng c6 deo him tai x = 0

r&

/$f9

BtDltotfi.

s(x, =

{::tJ;,

::X

i::

a)

\n

lim S(x) = lim cosx = l,

x--ro+
r--+O*
lim S(x) = lim (-sinx) = 0,
x-ro,+0-

8(0)=cos0=l
nen hlm s6 y = g(x) gi6n doan t4i x = 0.

Do d6 hlm s6 nhy khdng c6 dao him t4i diCm x = 0.

c.

BATTAP

1.1. Srl dgng dinh nghia, hdy tim d4o him cria cdc him sd sau

a)Y=3x-5;

b)v=i -g;

c)y=4x-i;
.1
e) y=

d)y=\6r+ I

4x + 9.

1.3. Cltoflx) = sin2r.

Choflr) =

1.5. Cho

_2.

1.2. Chofix) =3x2

1.4.

d* ,,(q\'
'finh'/:|"
; J.

1l;-.

dn =::

1.6. Chrlng minh

Tinh/'(l).
,.,,,

Tinh/'(o),/(1).

Chrtng minh rin

c de2) = a'Q).

ring him s6 y = lr - fl khong c6 tt4o hlm tai

r = l, nhrmg

fien tUc tqi didm tl6.

l'7'

chrtng minh

rint

n* t',
1, n6u
I

,=signx=

0,

>

'i

n6u*=0

[-l,ndur<0
kh6ng c6 d?o him tai
194

= 0.

t}.tSBaafiih.t

:*:'@
1.E.

Vidt phucmg trlnh ti6p tuy6n cfiqdd thi cia cdc him sd

,l

y=

b)

"1y

=.r3

+-9J1@i
- 3i

=.Jii,

didm c6 hoinh <tQx = 0 ;

tqi didm

(-l

-2)

bidt hg sd g6c cira ti6ntuydn ln

92. C6c quy tEc tfnh

C6ng

|.

dqo hath

A. KIEN rx0c

l.

cAx rn6

'

thtlc

'

(c)'=

(c = const) ;

,rrr .--tt:_t (n
(zN
e N*, r e R) ;
',!f,,.r;
,'
":''i! ri. '
(Jx)'= -j11>0).

\x )=nx

2'l x

2. Ph6p to6n
(U

+V

'W}=U +V'.$l;

+W:
( kLI)' = kLt
(W)'=IIV

(t = const)

(u\' _u'v -_w' tv*o);

tY/
(l)'
l-l

v2

v'

lr)=-7'

3. D3o

him

crfrr

=--

htm hqP

'!'r=!'u,u'r'
195

B.

vi

DV

2x'

oViduI
Tim dao hhm cria hdm sd

= 14x'

5x) (x"

- 7x).

Giti
Ap dqng cdc cdng thrlc

,' = 14x3 - z*

sry

vi

1x2

ph6p to6n dao hlnr ta duo. c :

7 x1

+ (4x3 -

z?

sr)

,.

(* - I x),

=02; -ax-g( -ti+$i -2* -,5x)(Zx-7)

=oj -sqi -+i +zt] -5i +35x+axa -za; -qf +14**ts*+3sx
= 2oxa

fim

dao

l2ox3 +27x2 +70x.

him

cria hhm sd

'=(1.3,)(c-l)
Gitii

, =(1t3,)r'(G -,). (?.3,)(r,

=?3.,)tr_,).(?.
vay

,=?3.,)t*-,).#

*)*

.*

Tim dao him cria him sd

-.
--r2 +2x+3
,-_------.

x"

-2

- 4'

citii
Ap dgng quy tic tinh ilao him cia mqt thuong, ta

(*3

- z)2

-2x4 +2x3 + 4x-

v4v

v'

duo- c

4-(-3xa +6x3 + 9x2'S

(x'-2)"
,4 -4r3 -9x2 +4x-4
@3 -21?

oVldu4
Tim dao hdm cira him s6

y=

(x

-2),17;.
:

(x-2)ilx2 +t)'
2^17
Suy

ra

)'-

+r

-Zx+r.
"tF;*g_zx2
'Jx2 +t
r/*2 + t
c.

BATTAP

Tim itqo hd.m cfia cdc hdm sd sau (2.1

2.t. '2
v=x5-+x3-i+!.
2.2. y = -9a" + 0,2x' -

0.14x + 5.

- 2.11) :
t,,...

':

.a .,- a)isK
_--- -a _--1
x xz -' x3 7x4'
a

2.4. 'r
v= -6Jx

+!.
tg'l

.'-----""%w

2.5.
2.6.

2.7.

y=(g-?,.)Qr3-9x2+t).
2x-3
' x+4
't

.2.8.

y=
2.9.

5-3x-xz

x-2

( +t) (r3 + t)2 (ra + t)3.

(, 3)3

t =l*

2.10.y =

.=-)

(' . *.

caching sd).
i)' t, b, c rt

2.11.y=,[f :rr'z +r.

2.12. Rft ggn

Cho ft:.) = t5 + i -Zx - 3. Chlng minh ring

f(l) +/(-l) = -4^o).
2.14.Choflr) =* +*-.1-2, s@)=3? +x+ Ji.
Giii b{t phuottg urah f(r) ii.{1l,. .
2.13.

2.15. Choflr)

2r3

GiiLi bdt phuorg

+J1,

e@) =

*' * $

- Jl.

trinh /'(x) > g'(r).

*'= +-+ Gifi b{t phuong urnhfl.r) < e(r.

2.t7.rinhf'(-r), bidt rlngflx) = +.3.
*
2.16.

choflx) =
1,

2.1E.

rlnh s'(l), bi6t ring ,(r) = *

+

r98

-f; * *.

2.19. Tfnh Ir'(0), bidt

ring

1r1r1

--!---.

J+-*'
x)
tftx) 'k -2)\8-

2.2O,Tinh a'Q).bietfing

2,21. Cllfmg minh ring n6u S(r)

tluimg trdn tl6.

li

di-en

tich htnh trdn b6n kinh r thl,S(r) lh chu vi

2.22. Cfftng minh ring n6u V(R) ld thd tfch hinh cdu b6n kinh R thi y(R)
tich mat cdu d6.

'

li

din

2.23. Ciast V ln thd tfch hinh tru trdn xoay vdi chidu cao ft vi b6n kinh d6y r.
Chrlng minh rang v6i r lh hing sd thi dao ham y(r) bing diQn tich <l6y
htnh trg vi vdi n li hing sd thi dao hem y'(r) blng diQn tich xung quanh
cria hinh tru.

g3. Dgo hdm c0o

c6c hdm s6lugng gi6c

A. KfN TH0c cAN NH6

srn.r
-_
lrrn_

x-+0 I
(sinx)' = ss3, '

.1
(tanx)'
=

= l.
(cosr)' =

-5i*.

.1
(cotx)' = - ---;-.

'

sln- -r

cos- -r

B. Vr DU

Tim dqo hlm cia c6c him sd

*t*"[;
b)v = sin(x2 - 5x + l)*,*1'
'x

a)y=sin3x+.o.f

.-@fr

Gidii

a)

ta, co

= rcosr.r

lxl
- 3r*5 *
ffi"

r.
(s)'

b) Ta c6 y'

1xz

(2x

5x +

l)'

cos (r2

- s)cord -

- 5.r + l) *

5x +

l) ----

('1

"o"i x
3-.-,-.

-r- cos-

Tlm dao him cta c6c him s6

a)y=

sln-I
x-

b)Y= Jicotzx ;
'- 'd) .} * Xtin?rcosr +eos2x.

a) ,=(,"i)

=(;)*'; =-3"*i

b)

y'

c)

y' = 3(sinb'cosr + 3sin2r (cosx)' + 1cosl;'

1Jx1'crl.2x

+ Jir:ot2x)' = J-cotLx

'

2'lx

2J;

- sttrz 2x.

= 6sinrcos2r - 3sin3x - 2cosxsinx

= sinr (6cos2r - 3sin2r - 2cosx).

.:

c. Bfu TAP
Tim itqo hdm cia cdc hdm sd sau

3.1.

)=\6t.

(i.I - 3.15) :
3.2. y =

(r rrJ
\
- -

cos[u

2N

sin x2
y=-7.

y=

t*2, "oti.

3.7. y=J-x+.f+Un1o.
3.g. s@)=

P + sin P
r - cosp

co:s

.x

= COS-.

3.4.

'

3.6.'

Jlt)=;I

3.8.

2x2 + x+l
r----;-'
x'-t+l

x.+l

cos,
-.
-Sln,
--t4rt= o
rE

3.10.y=(1 +3x+5*14.

3.11.y=(3-sinr)3.

3.12.

3.13.y=^tl'r2ffi.

3.14.y="otd+1.

--rin2

s,

-1-.
cos- r

3.15.y=r/x+
3.r5. choflx)

=s* - rcJi +7.rfihf'(t),f'(.),/'(+)

3.17. Giei phucmg

a)fli1=

rtnhf(x)

.
=

O, biCt

:.

rinC

3,*9-$+s;

b)flr) = "i13' *

"*,

*(--,. "P)

3.1t. Giei c6c bdt phutmg tlnh

a)"f'(r) > 0

v6i flfl =
|x7 -|ru *8x - 3 ;

vdi

t*#

b)

e(r)

c)

d@)<o v6i p<n=H.

<

s@=

201

3.l9.XAc dfnh z dd b{t

phucmg trinh sau nghim thlng vdi moi

xe

lR

a)/'(,r)>0 vdi 714=$-*' *.ro-r,

b)s'(x)<o vdi r(r|=+-+.(rz+l)x-15.
3.20. Chrtng minh

ring/'(x) = 0 Vx e IR, ndu :

a) flx) = 3(sinar + cosa-r)

b)fl.r) = cos6r + 2sinax

- 2 (sin6x + cos6.r) ;

cos2x + 3sin2x cos4x + sin4x;

-(lt\/r)(r\(zn\
c)/(.r)=
cosl,r- =
d)/(x)
3.21.

rJ"o.[r*aJ*"or1r* oJ.or1, *
.,
.(2n+ r.,1\ + cor,(2n xJ.\
cos'x +
"or"

[5

[T

rim/'(r), f (2),f'(3) n$
f(x) = (x - l) (x - 2)2 (x -

),

3)3.

3.22.Timf'(2) nu

fli)=x2sin(x-2)3.23.cho

y=+.1-r,.

Vdi nhirrg gi6 tri nio cria

a)

y'(x) =

thi

s.26. y

=g.l!.

3.2E. y

=(rsina+

b) yt1xl =

3.24.y=o5 +5a3x2

202

-r

-2

c) y'(.r) =

l0

3.25,y=(x - a)(x-b).

-15.

3.27. y = (r + 1) (x + 2)2 (x + 3)3.

cosa) (xcosa-

sina).

3.t9.

y=(l + tr{) (t +nu$.

3.30. y =

3.32. Y =

3.3t.y

(l -r).(1 - ])'

(l - r)2(1 + x)3

- f>'.

3.31. v =
'

3.33.

'

=r,ll a-i.

t+ x -

1-x+x'

r.ss. 'v =

-L -

,rcost

srn -r

3.40. y

94.

x3)

'2

3.37. y = sin(sssb . cos(sirf.r).

xz) cosx + 2xsinx.

3.3E. y =
cosr +

(2 -' x2)(3 y=-..-.-;-.

- (l -.r)"

"lo2

3.36. y = (2

x1

3.3e. y =

rsinr

w,l-*t|.

t^, - l*: r* ]t-',

VIph6n
A. Kr!il

Tlsclc^N NH6

Olnh nghla

=flr) xfc rlinh rcn (a; D) vi c6 d4o him t4i .r e (a ; D). Gil srl
Ax li sd gia c{ra.r sao ctro r + &: 1d'j+;.";
Tlch /(r)Ar (hay y'.Ax) <lugc gqi ld, vi phdn cria htrm sdI.r) Bi r, 6ng vdi
Cho him sd y

s6 gia Ax,

Gh6

r.

Vl

kl

hiQu

dr=AI

li dflr) haY dY.

n6n

dy

= dflx) =f'(x)dt.
203

-r':={,qM
B.

vi

DU

Tim vi phin cira c6c him s6

a),=sinx-icosx;

ulv=1.
xt

Giti
a) Ta c6

do

il6

b)

Vl

= cos, - cos-r + xsiru =

dy = (xsinx)dx.

,'

y'=

dy =

-+r-

nen ta c6

3dx

--.x'

I 1III

'
- .

,siu,

d(sin x)

":#.

d(cosr)

n -'.,_i.-,

Gitii
d(sin

x)

(sin

-r)'dr

cos.x

d(cos.x) (cos.r)'d.r -srn.r

[x*t

,i,

'.

r-._:,-:1?_=EE.qF

Tlm vi phtin ctia cdc hdm sd sau (42 -4.5) :

a.z. y=4.
' .xz
1

4.4.

4.1. y=x+2.

x-l'

y=sir?y.

4.s.

y=Y!.

G'

4.6. Ttm 4(tanx) .

d(cot.r)

4.7.

Chrlng minh ring vi phan dy

4.8.

Chrlng minh ring

v(i|r;l

vi

sd gia Ay cria

hlm

s6

rdt b6 so vdi a > 0 (lxl a a)

y = as.r- 6 ging nhau.

c6

,[7;" o*]<oro).
Ap dUng c6ng thfc.ffen, hdy tinh gdn dring c6c sd sau

JIG;

g5. Dgo

b)

J3a;

c)

\m.

him cdp hoi

A. KIEN THOC cAN NH6

l.

Dlnh nghia

s6flr) c6 d4o him/'(.x). N6u/'(x) cfrng c6 ttqo him thi ta ggi

dao him ciar6lddao hdm cdp hai ciaflx) vi kihiOu h/"(x) :
Gii st

hnm

(/'(x))' =,f"(x).
Tuong tlr

(/"(x))' =/"'(x)

d",r)(r)),

b dAyti trieufo)(x) =

1x1

f^t

@)

tro4c

/(3)1r;

=1,\r);z
li

e N*

tl4o him c{p n cria him

s6flr).

2.

nghia cd h9c cfra ilqo him cdp hai

Dao hdm c{p hai f"(t) ld gia tdc titc thdi cria chuydn
diCm r.
B. Vr DU

Tinh y", bi6t ring

a)Y=x..11
b) Y = tanr'

af

'

l+ 2x2
a) y'= {II-;+ x' 1---,2 = ---=
,Jl + x'
ttl + x'

' x(l+21)
--'T=--

; suy ra

1r

Vl+x'

l+

x2

4x(l+ x2)- x(l+2xz)

I
---=cos- .r

I suy ra

l)'' ' 2'coslsinr '

*s4 ,
,
"oa4 (
fi .
2snx
-\
--.
lx*;tRfi,ke.&1.
cos- -r \
(cos2

cVldrt2
Cho.ltr) = (2x - rs.Tirnh/(3),/*(3).

d6. ng

s = flt) t4i

th}i

'_a

ciiti
Ta

c6

f'(x) = 5.2 (b - ,4 = rc (2x .f"(;) = 80 (2r - 3)"

3)4.

',

f*(x)

Ttd6

= 2 . 24o (2x

3)2

48o (2x

- 3)2.

"f"(3)= 80.33 =2l(0 i

f"'(3) = 480.3'= 4320.

c. aAr rAp:
Tim dgo hdm cdp hai cia cdc hdm sd sau (5.1

5.12) :

s.2.

5.1. y = sinj.rcos2x.
1 , 1 ,..i.,i

5.3. y = --r-.

x'-l

5.5. y =

r2.srn,r.

y=

.t.l.,.rli
5.6.

y=

+1
,2x
x' + x -2
...,,.,

f,f

ri*1.

5J.

ll

5:9. y - sinr sin2x sin3.r

.r,

. ,,,

.\5'i .r ,:

_2

5.10.y=-:-'
t- x

5.11.y-xcos2r;

Bal rap 6n ehudng

1.

Tim dqo hlm cira cdc him s6 sau

a) y

1
xcol-x;

c)y=(sin2x+8)3;

-.
b))= sin16

cos3, ;
64y=ei -S)tanx..

wl

'=ql4R!

2.

Tlm tlao him cia htrm

sd

tai didm dfl chi ra

a)f(x)=;ffi
b)y=(4r+5)2;
c) s(x) = sin4x

3.

Chrtng minh

cos4x.
'

""'[i]
[3, =

ring/'(x) > 0 Vx e R, ndu

a)f(x)=lxs -

x6

+21 -3x2 +6x-l;

b)flr)=2x+sirx.

4.

X6c dinh a

dd/'(r) > 0 V.r e lR, bidt ring

fli=i
5.

X6c <linh a

<ld

+@-Dt +2x+t'

g'(.r) > 0

8@)= sint

6.

Tim

Vr e R, bidt

asinbx

hQ sd g6c cira tidp tuydn

c0xo=

rirng

L, sn3x + 2ax.

cta dd thi ham

sd

y=

6s

t4i diCm c6 hoinh

1E

Z.

7.

Tr0n duimg cong I = 4; - 6x + 3, hdy ttm diCm t4i tl6 tidp tuydn song
song vdi <ludng thing y = 2x.

8.

Dd thi him sdy =

sin:r cit trqc hoetnh tei gdc toe dO dudi mQt g6c bao

nhieu dQ (g6c giila tnp hoinh

9.

20E

vi

tidp tuydn cria <ld thi tgi giao didm) ?

Cho c6c hlrn s6

J\x)=x3

+b*+cx+d;

s@)=*

-3x-

r'

(g)

,!ru

a) X6c ttinh br c, d sao cho dd

thl (g) di qua cdc ttidm

(l

; 3),

(-1 ; -3) vl

s.

r",(r') _
[5j_3,

b) Vidt phuong tdnh tidp tuy6n cin (@ tqi didm c6 hoi'nh d6.rs =
c)

Giii phuong uinh /'(sinr) = S ;

d) Girfi phuong trlnh /"(cosr)

e)Timgidin*

g'(sint)

;gr.ffiS
, =*

10. Chrlng minh ring ti6p tuydn cfia hypebol

,Unthinh vdi c6c trgc to4

tam gi6c c6 diOn tich kh6.ng ddi.

dO moJ

11. Chrlng minh rlng ndu him s6flz) c6 dao him ttdn c{p n thi

[,f(ax + al]o) =

-=

an

16rerft - Hu6Nc

f:n\

@-\ +

b)'

DAN - oAP

s6 cHuoNG v

$r.
1.1.

a)Y'=3;

b) v'

e) v'=

t.2. f'(t)

_1

.
---i
(x 2)'^

= 2.

rs i,(;)
1.4.

c)Y'=4-?-x;

=2x;

=o

/(0) = ]

urons c6l'(1).

r+ BrBlsoflr. A

2@

W''

1.5.

9,

@):= -

1.6. HD. Xem

1.7. HD.
1.8.

neil qo' (-2): =

Vidu

3.

xem,lifu4,

.35
a)Y=4x+r:
b)Y=9x+7:

.x5 +;.
=;JJ

c) y

i':, i

$2.
2.1.

,.,

;,^ I

r.!

jl '

.i , :.).; ,it,.,l;r.,:,

y'=s/ -

of

!' = -27x'+

-u+

0,4x

|
,.. :].:i:i

- 0,14.

t'

2-3-

2.4. y'=

2.6.

#"+

,t'=-. 11 =.
{ (a+4)z

2.7- v'=
2.8. y' = 2t

2.s.
210

(x3

+ l)z

(x4

y,=3(; *)'["-

1;3 + 6x2

+ rl tra + l)3
+ t'zx' 3 G+ ly
+

+D

ty2 1xa

+ ty,2.,

r)

+--Ll.
z,li )

,,r.,, i,i

t3

.,

; ::',

ffiltliftta.

i,

2.10. y, =

' -

u(,. +. i)'(5.3)
3x2

2.11. y,

zJx3

-4x'

-zx2

.48x
--;-;

2.12.flx) =

x"

+l

f(r)

-4

=--6z

-4f'

2.13. Bqn dgc tgc-htug miph.

2.15. (-co;0)

u (l ; +o).

2.16.

2.r9.

2.17. -6.

t-l ;0).
I

=.
2

2.19.;.
z

2.20. +.
2

2.21. Vt S(r) = rr2 nn .9(r) = 2nr

z.?:L.ttiy(4=

+nlC

li

chu vi ttudng trdn.

nenpG)=+rCnaQnuefih$c0ul ":

i iii'

nfh nen
v'(D = n/ li di6n tich d6y hinh trq ;

2.23.Y7V =

V(r)=ln71lidie.ntfchxungquanhcirahl!f.

". .... .

s3.
3.1.

'

3tanz

2cos2 xJtan3

ro,r"(f -s,)
,=-;{#-r;l
'

2tl

. --;-2x2 cos x2 -

sin x2

..

S11"""""'=

.,'-- ,r+l
t(x + l)'
,.t,
3.6.

Jv

. 2sinx 2x
=-+- 1 ', a',
cos" -r stn-" -rt(l -

-sin
J \.,' - --------------__
(1

sin r) + cos2
sin

t)'

:r +,rt2J1{1;tJQr}, fi
3.11. Y' = -3(3 - sinr)2 cosr.
3.10. y' = {11 +

3.12. Y' = 3.116,

3.13.

4i'

,;,'.

y'=

3.14. y' =

-x

,,[**z16z{*rz'

3.15.

Y'-

''

3.16,

f'(t)

= 2,

,,1,,

',i:ri ,: tIi"l i

r.,,1

3.17. a)

b)

l*2,141.

*n,f

{#.

+*l; k.z,\.

3.lE.a)r< i,x>2.

:.,

b) V0 nghiQm.

")[--,+)"(+

+-].

,ii.

3.19. a) m> 3.
A

b),n < _5.

3.20, Cdch 1. Chfng minh

cic bidu thft'de cho kh6ng phg

thuQc

vi6,.r,

Tt d6 suy ral'(r) = 0.

a)flr)=l+/'(x)=a
b)flr)=l+/'(x)=0
c)flr) = iV -G) +/'(r) = o;
d)fl.r)=
Cdch

3.21.

.'.

it

i+7'1x1=s.

2.rAy tlao hklctafl.r) f6[,ph$g

mi* $glf(r)

= 0-.

-8 ;0;0.

3.22.4.

3.23.y'=]
a)

+x-2

':

...

'

-2: l.

b)-1 ;0.

c)4;3.
i.24. y' = l0a3x 3.25. Y' = 27

5xa.

- (a + b).
2t3

ERIF:

3.26.

Y'=*

3.27. y' = 2(x + 2) 1x + ly2

1li

+ 1l.r + 9).

3.28. Y' = asYl)q + cos2a.

- ^"ll-t + x--r. + (m + n)x'*n-t).

3.30. y' = -(l - *\2 1t - x21 1t - *3)2 (t + 6x + l5r2 + t4r3).'
3.29. y'

3.31. y'

3.32.

2(t-2x)
- (l-x+t'\'

1.

l-x+4r2

y'

1l-x;31t+r1a
3.33.

* 1).

'

(r*

-3tcs

'.J:.*

*'

t,r'

,.

'"1

f.

l,

l).
,--

It'."t

ioii

+ !;.ii

i r,

y'=

(lrl < lal).

3.36. y' = azsfitx.

3.37. Y'=

i.

'I

y'= 12-6x-6x2 +2x3 +sxa

334. v' ='-"'

3.35.

,(Lrl

1,

-shzr . cos(cos2x).
,,

3.3t.

t-

y'=
(cos

3.39. y'

x + rsinr)2

.t
-1
sln- -r

3.40. y' = 1 + tan6r

214

(x*kr,keZ),

(, * <ro * r>i,r . z).

$4.

4.1. Ml)

= Ax + 3(A.r)2 + (Ar)3,

dflll= Nc.
a) A/(l)=5>d/(l)=1.
b) A"f(1) = 0,131 > df (t) = 0,t.

Ar(l)

c)

4.2.

dv =

= 0,010301 >

dfll)=

0,01.

-1a-.
x-

4.3. dy=- - ;dx.

(x - 1)"
'4.4.
?

dy= (sin2r)dx.

4.5. '4

zJi

snb.l-x\

=----=--*-;!dr.
4x{x cos'Vx

-t^2, (\, ***,*

'y'.:-*'- '"'
z ' ez).

4.5.

i-

4.1.

= ax + b

Ay

y' = a uit dY = adx = aLx i

Lr\ + b - lax + bl = aNc.

='e(r+
Yf;y dy -- LY.

4.E.

D4t y(.r)

= tla" + x,

ta c6 y'(x) =

TUd6
Ay = y(x)

y(0) z y'(0)

r;- F a+1;x.
I
r +!a'+)e
:

Ap dqns :

a) 12,08

b) 5,83 ;

c) 10,95.

, '.'.']
?t5

$5.
5.1. y = sin5r qoszr

+
5.2,

5.3.

= 5lsn7 x + sin3xl

y" = -1(49sin7x + 9sin3r).

2x+l

'=j;xi=;:T-;*rl'oouu
r
I
t-.,,_.[
-'lu-112 -1r*rrr,1']

x =1[ I * I I
,,=,2_l
zLx+l x_ll

=,

'l
.=ZLG;F+G:F]
l[ -l
-r

5.4.

5.5.

5.6.

v"

2x3 + 3x.
(1

,2),h

5;7. y" = 1r2 -

5.8. 'v"=-

+ ,2

3)cosx +

+riin*.

':.

4xJt

t5.y. ) - l-1 +
asmr"r 7sm4x aslno,r:
/"
216

= -sin2x

4sin4x + 9sin6r.

i'' ,i

5.10.v=-x-l+=--:-:
'
l-x'
u =-

'

{r-ry''

5.11.

)" = -4sin2r *

s.12.

r - ----.
4.'l

4xcos2x.

xr

Bii tfp 6n chtrung V

r.

.z

2x cos x
a, COt .r - -------;- l
sm" .r

*.f *rl,

..
vr-,

2,1

oGsin.6sin3x

x cos' 3x

l-

c) 6cos2x (sin2x + 8)2 ;

d)
2.

6'12

.l
a)S;

tan.r

*"' ;
cos-

l.:t)

i.

-r

b)'10;

3.

b')f'(x)=2 +cosr>0, Vr e R.

ii.

a. f'(x) = 3x2 + 2(a - l)x + 2.

L'=(a- t)2 -O= a2 -2a-5.Taphlic6
217

A'<o<+ o2-2o-5<o

<+.

1-Jo.o<t+rfo.

Yly f'(x) > 0 v6i moix e R ndu

5.

g'(r)

-./6

< a < I + r/6.

- cos3x + 2a
4asin2x + 2sinxsin2r

-- cosr

2acos2x

1' ''i'

r'

= 4asin'x + 4sin"xcosx

= 4sin'x (a + cosx).
R6 ring v6r a >
nn vdi a >

6.

2,

7.

(1 ;

E.

600.

I thi a + cosr > 0 vi sin'x

> 0 vdi mgi

tht g'(r) > 0, V.r e R..

l).

9. c=2,b=-l,d=l
a'1

+flx)-r3

-i

+2x+

l;

b)/'(r) = 3x" -2x+2 =+.f(l) i.31.,

Phuong uinh ti6p tuydn tgi M(l ; 3) li

'

. iil.(..1

y-3=3(r-l)hayY=11.

c)/(sirr)

= 3sin2r - 2sint + 2.

/'(sinr)=3

<+ 3sin2t

- 2sint - I =0
..,. li

t
[sinr = I

<+1.

Lsm'

-ll<t

=|+

,.r.

k2n

,=*'r(-1)

+k21t

,=n-a$sh(*i).*r"
2r8

xeR

' 'i.l

,w
d)

6x

-2+/"(cosr)=6cost,-2

s'@) = 2r

- 3 :+ g'(sint) = 2sinr - 3.

f'(x)=

vlv

6cost-2=2sint-3
<t

2sinr

a)

sinl

sin(t

- 6cost = I
1

- 3cos, = i.z Dlt tanp = 3, ta duoc

.l

p)

= 1cos9= a. SuY ra

It=p+lficsina+k2n
[t = r + p - arcsina + kzn (k e Z).

,- f"(sin5z)+2 -. 6sin5z
e) j$;ffi=iYrz"nt,
sin 5z

'

.",: i.: -"'

. - :t iiii;i: : tri.r'
3z

y=t-y'@J=-4
ro. .xx6
Phuong trinh tidp tuydn tqi rr'(ro ; $),|! t
o2
y_ o2
= _;(r-xs)
..
,0xo

o2,-r 2a2"

'rixs
y

= -.-.-

Suy ra diQn

-.

tlch tzm gi6c OAB

'=tl*la"t=2,2

lt

=.ont

11. HD : Chrtng minh bing quy n4p.

6ru rAp

l.

Chrlng minh c6c hQ thrlc sau

a) srna+

.(

srnla

cu6t nAu

14\ * .(

8)

"1" { )= o

TrJ

(z
,u), stn4a cos2a cotlln
)
a
=
*
a sos2a

"orar'1

c) (cosa

2.

..
"'
3.

cosb)2

*,(f

o
- (sina - sinb;2 = 4sin2 1b cosla + b) :

d) sin2145o + a) - sin2 (30o

Bi6n ddi thhnh rich

"r,

'

* 3")

a)

sinl5ocos(l5o + 2a) = si1Qq.

-.'(;, - u). *(j". :"),

a -cos8a - cos9a + cosl0a

snTa - sin8a - singa + sinlOa '

cos7

c) -cos5a cos4a - cos4a cos3a + 2cos22a cosa.

Gii srl A, B, C li ba g6c cita tarn gi6c ABC, chrlng minh
sinC
a)
= tanA + tang ;

. __*

cos A cos

*+"r",
sinA+sin8+sinC
A B
cotzcorr'

b) sinA + sinB + sin C = 4cos*c

c)

4,,

;ililTm-:i;z;

;
:

Cho him. s6 y = sin4x.

a) Chfng minh

Tt

rlng sina}

k|)

= sin4x

v6 k e Z.

d6 vE ild thi cria c6c hd,rn s6

)=sin4x;
)=sin4x+1.

(Cr)
(Cz)

b) Xdc dinh gi6 tri cia mdd phuorg trinh

sn4x+l=m
- C6 nghi0m ;
- V0 nghim.
220

(1)

ring

c) Vigt phuong tdnh ti6p tuygn cria (Cj) tai didm c6 hoinh tl6 ,o =

5.

Tim gi6 tri l&r nhdt vi gi6 trf nh6 nhdt cia him sd

y = sin2

6.

Chohim sd

3cos2.r +

l.

,f

a) Ttm

+ 4sinxcosx

tan

t{p x6c dinh

b) Xet tinh chdn,

+ sin

x
-r
=__=;i;_.

(r)

16

ctra hhm s6

cta him

c) Bidn ddi bicu thr?c

(c)

di

cho.

s6.

sinx
thinh tich.
cot x

tan 'r +

/-

o\

*; * I thuQc (C).
\5 z)

d) Chfng t6 reng didm |

7.

GiAicdc'phuoig:trtth
a) sttr7J

b) 3sin5x

"l

*,(l

d) sin2z

8.

LX

cos^X

Z-srn ,

- 2cos5.r = 3;
* s.,)* sin* = 2cos3r

cos2z

Ji

sn3z.

ci&icdcphuongtrinh
a) cosz.r + cos22x

b) cos4x cos(zr

c) tan(120o + 3x)

- "o.23r'zx)

cos24.r = 0 ;

sin2x*'(1 -

u) = $"n+,

- tan( 1400 -.r) = 2sin(80o + 2x) ;

221

--

d)
e)

9.

Giii

X
)X
)X
- )X
+ slll.'
+ cos"
tan't
;tartr
;.cor;+

sin2t+2cos2t-1
cos,

cos3, + sin 3r

sin r

r) cos(S2o

sinr = 4

= cosr.

11.ir,

- t) + cos(l l2o - t) cos(172o -4=

+ cos,) ;

;
- sin21r - 30o; - sinl5o cos(2r + l5o) = 1sin6,
2

b) sin2(r + 45o)

,8^8^41 zr=-

c) sln z-r+cos

'

128'

r------;--

d) J4cos2x + I + r/4sin2 x+3

'e;
tanlncost) = cot(rsinr).

=4;

10. C6 bao nhiu s6 gdm tdm cht s6, trong

tl.

trinh

cric phucmg

a) cos(22o

,X

cot'

<t6

c6 ching hai ctrt

sO

MOt td c6 l0 hoc sinh trong d6 c6 An, Blnh, Chi, Dung vi Huong. C6 bao
nhiu c6ch xdp l0 b4n d6 vio 10 ghd sip thinh hing ngang sao cho An,
Binh ngdi cenh nhau vi Chi, Dung, Huong cfrng ngdi canh nhau ?

12. Mgt ffem tdm th6 nhu nhau duo.c <l6nh sd

m6t th6.

Kihieu A vi B

li

tluo.

d6n 100. Ldy ng6u nhin

c6c bidn cd

A : "ThE <luo.c ldy ghi

B : " Th6

til I

s6 chia hdt cho 3",

c ldy ghi sd chia hdt cho 5".

a) Tinh P(A), P(B)

b) A vh B c6 d6c lAp kh6ng, vi sao ?

c) Cfing h6i nhu trtn nhmg s6 th6

li

105

vi

duoc d6nh s6

tt I ddn 105.

13. C6 hai h6p chrla bi. HQp thf nhdt chfa I bi d6 vi 2 bi xanh, h6.p thtl hai
chfa 2 bi tl6 vi 1 bi xanh. Tt m6i hQp l6y ngiu nhin I bi. Tinh xdc xudt
sao cho 2 bi ldy ra cing miu.
14. Tlm cdp sd cQng ar, a2t a3; a4, a5, bi6t rang
a1

222

a3

.1'

as = -12

vi

ap3a5 = 8Q.

15. Vi6t ba s6 h4ng dAu cfia m6t cdp sd c6.ng, bi6t rlng tdng z s6 hang <lCu tiOn
cfra cdp sd niy

li

sr=4n2
16.

- 3n'

Giii phuong trinh

1*r*
trong tl6 Lrl <
17. Tim s6 h4ng

,2

1.

thf nhdt

41

a4-o2=-

+...+r'*...=L,
vi

cOng b6i q cira m0t cdp s6 nhen (an). bi6t

1l3_

utr

ring

ou-oo= -!5--"

18. Chrlng minh ring ba s6 hang ddu ctra tdng v6 han

JJ*t

JJ-r'3-J,'6 ""

-.L_I vi tinh tdng trn v6i gi6 thidt ring cdc sd hang
Up thenh mQt cdp sd nhan
tidp theo dugc tgo thinh theo quy luflt cia cdp s6 nhan d6.

Trong cdc bai

$p 1g,20, hdy tinh gioi hgn,Llf-r,.

re.a)

xo=#;C,

b)

c)

x^=n2(n-,["';),

d1*n=1[,f-S*n.

2o.a)xn=w*;

brr=(, )(r#).

21. Xet tinh bi ch{n cria c6c ddy sd vdi sd hang tdng qu6t sau

n)

,^ =

*;

-o,

r,=1t1aS

b7

y, =

1-9n

2\snn

c) zn = nsssnn.
223

22. C},rtmg minh rang d6y sd sau

diy'ting vi bi ch{o tren :

111 xz=
rr=ill.
5+t*rr*r,
111
o'-ii-7;-

-L

r-:-+-+"5
!+l'52+l'53+l

-5,.1'
-!-

23. Tinh c6c gi6i han

4xs +9x +7
a) ltm ----;------'---;- i
r-+l lyo + r' + I

c)

x-+2

-JIx-+-t.,!612 +3 +3x

e)limH
x-)2 X-

Ji+s,++* -z

d) lim

fim

-9x-2
x3 - x-6

x3 +3x2

b) lim

r-r0

.r+8-J8r+t
Il'r-+tJJ-x-J7x-3
lrm ----------------

.t

24.Tinh c6c gi6i han

ul rr, (.6,'
cl

rim (J2,'?

e)

lim

-:

- sr)

+r

-:r)

4x+2

25. Tinh cdc gi6i han

a)

,sinx - sin a
hmx)a x-a

c) lim

,li

224

2sin'r+sinr-l
ztuzr-3sinx+l

(r- l.)tlrr'f

b) luat
r-)l
r+1

d) lim

;-d

tan; -

sin

sin3 x

*..48!n!E!

26. Tinh tl4o him cia c6c him sd sau

l+x-?

*, t - -----------'---;

l-x+x'

o-r2)(3-13)
-.
b))=.-------..;.-;

--

c)y=cos2x-2sinr;
e) y =

.tX

<l)) =

cos-;tan;
3Z

r)y=

(r'x)'

cos-f
2 sin' x
-=-

,*p,-;)

27. Cho hlm sd

(, I
ndux*0
l*'sin:,
x
J(r) = I
|.a , nux=O.
X6c <tfnh A dC flx) lien tgc t4i

= 0.

V6i

gi6

rr

Atim duoc, him s6 c6 tt4o

himt4ix=0khOng?

ldt eAr - Hu6Nc

r.a) sina+,in(,

oAr,r - oAp

*f ,).,t[" -3,
(

= sina + srnla +
= sina

"'

sin4c
I+

qs4a

+ 2rino

cos2a
I + c;os2a

s6' ON rAp cu6r lrAu

zn\* .-["
.(

TJ

"o"!

g.

2sin2acos2 2a
2cos2 2a.2cos2 a

(ln

=
t& aro{lldrfl. a

2r\

- T,J

2sin acosa
\
= ta:na = cotlz - 4.,.
-r"R;

c) (coso

cosb)2

- (sina - sinD)2 =
)o+b

ta-b

= 4sur- -f- srn' -

o"r"'!(r
- sin2(30o -

d) sin2(45o + a)
=

15in

(45o + a) + sin (30o

= 2.i"

T..,

- 2"o"'";b) = -q"in'a ab "os(a + D).

a)

- sinl5o cos(15o + 2a) =

a)l tsin (4f +

d-

sin (30o

a)l

f .,), *"$,," (+.,) -sin

= sin 75o sin(l5o

2a)

sin 15o cos

lf

+2a)

r5o cos(rso + 2a)

cosl50 cos(l5o + 2a)

= -cos(9Oo + 2a) = sss (9Oo

2. a\ t

la*b
ta-b
4cossul22
2

2d) = sin2a.

+*,(; . ,") - ,*(i, - 3,).*,(|^ . u)

=t

- iinia+ cos3a-

(cos

3a

tan3a

sin3g)(l + cos3a)
cos 3a

zJi"o"2!"in(;-*)
cos3a
cos3a
cos7 a - cosSa - cos9a + cosl0a 2sin8asina - 2sin9asinq
"' sin7 a - sin8a - singa + sinl0a 2cos8asina + 2cos9a sina
cos3a

sinSa - sin 9a
cos9a - cos8a
226

: l1q a
-Zcos-;-sln;

= * i;-i=cot
-zstn-7-stn7

fia
2

r$ Bro8acrlr

_ : .-+iF=F@=lF

c) - cos5d cos4d

-- =

cos4d cos3d + 2cos2 2a cosa

cos4a (cos5a + cos3a)

Zcos4a cos4a cosa

+ 2cos22a cosa

+ 2cos22a cosa

= 2cosa 1cos22a - cos24a1

= 2cosa (cos2a + cos4a) (cos2a - cos4a)
= 2cosa . 2cos3a cosa . 2sin3a sina

3.

2cosa sin2a sin6a.

a) HD : Thay sinC = sin (A + B).

b) siruA + sinB + sinC =

z"in#cotf

* zrinl"o"l

A-B+ cos A+81

- cl cos --.- zcostl
--- )
.ABC
4cos7cos7cos7.

(l)

c) Chrlng minh tuong tu cau b) ta c6

A B c

sinA+sinB-sirnC- = 4smZsln
Tt

4.

(2)

rcosZ.

(1) vn (2) suy ra <Ii6u phAi chrln! minh.

a) Ta c6 sin4(x + tl) = sin(4x + 2tn)

Z'

= sin4x v6i /< e Z. TU d6 suy ra

hirm sd y = sin4.t ltr him sd tudn hodn v6i chu

,2

hhm sd }, = sin4-r
toa ttg O.

C4c him sd y
vh hinh 2.

li

him

sd 16 nen dd

ki

{.

thi cta n6 c6 tAm d6i xfng

lI

gdc

= s;n4, (Cr) vi y = sin 4.r + I (C) c6 dd thi nhu tren hinh

Hinh 1. D6 thi hdm sd

sin

4x

,..:5EE

Ilinh 2. Dd thi hdm sd'y = 564, a

b)M sin4x+ l=m

+ srn4x=m-l

ve -1 < sin 4-r < I

n0n -l < m-l3l
<+ 0<m32.
Tt

d6, phuong fitnh

(l)

c6 nghiem khi 0 < rr < 2

vi

vO

nghim khi zr > 2

hoic m < 0.
c) Phucmg trinh tidp tuydn cia (Cz) c6 dang

,_ro = y'(r6)(r _ rs).

vdi h=+tac6yo=snf+r=l
y'(r) = 4cos4x

y'(rb) = lcosl.=2.,1-1.

ll

VAy phucmg trinh ti6p tuydn

-)=

Ta c6 y =

228

za(, - *)

2"2' * z"nzx

2sin2x - 2co"z-

r=

zli, - $ *1.

-1r0 +.os2x)

= zJz ra(2,

+I

-|).

Do d6 GTLN cria him sd

l} 26,

d?t dugc

,, -i= l+

1c

={

kn : k e Z.

*zn,trtc

likhi

uri sin(zr-i)=, n",

---i=qGt

GTNN cfra hlm s6

,,
6.

rd

ZJr,

<t4t <tugc

khi sin(2.r-{)=-l

hay

-i = -|+ kzn,tfc li khi x = -[+ kr ; k e Z.

M tanx x6c dinh vdi x +|+ fn vi

a)

tfp xfc dinh ctra hAm

sd tlfl cho

D=*.

{*;

cor.x x6c <linh

v6i

x*

ktt

(k e Z) nn

l]
.kez,}.

b)Mre.D<+-xeDvi
i\-^r=--:.-=-=i\r.l
'
cot(-.r)

c) Ta c6, vdi
tan -r + sin -r

cot -r

d)

rac6

Do

116

_ra
x*kr,

= tan.r(tan

-r + sin

x) = 162 ,11 +cosr)

r({) =e(*;)'(*,f)'

<tidm

- cot r

(t,i) ",*

Zt*rz r."o"2

|.

=.rrat$f = Z.

,",.

Trong qdc cdng th(9 nghiQm drdi irdy (RT 7,8, g), k ld sd nguyCn..

7.

a)

x=|+*n;

-n2kr
b)r=m+--;
c)x=

(2k+\l

Qz= (8k+Df,

xrf

+k?rc;

=!6

+ k2n.

2 -2kr
I= -arrctan5
+
55
-.
x= ,t4k-l\!.
.4
z= '.3k+3\L.
'20
229

ktc
^ a)x=-i
t.

kn
,=T.

!*b,
8 2',

btx=t2k+l)I:,=(-l)k'l
'4
c.1

.r = -40o + k60o.

dlx=

t4k +

'

. ..t+l
l)j
'2-:x=t-tt arcsln -+
2

tr7r.

e)r=(4/<+1)1.
4

9,

a) r = t360o

b)

1=

r=f90o;

+ I)90o.

14/<

t =+15o+&90o.

n.
clr=(3k+ l)'12

d)x=tI6

+&n.

elt=;+arccosf+tn.
"Ji
10. a) Gii srl chii sd 2 dring ddu. Khi d6, chir sO 2 kia sE duo. c xdp vio mQt
trong biy ch6 cdn l4i. C6 7 cdch. Khi dd xdp xong hai ch[ sd 2, cdn 6 ch6,
ta xdp 9 chfr sd khdc 2 vdo 6 ch6 tl6. Ta c6 96 cdeh- Theo quy t'6c nhdn, c6
7

'

.96 s0 gdm 8

cht

s6

mi cht

s6 2 tltlng ddu.

b) Cht sd 2 khOng <tring ddu. Khi d6. trong 8 cht sd khdc kh6ng
la chgn mot cht s6 tld xdp vio vi tri ddu. C6 8 c6ch.
Chon hai ch6 trong

biy cho itd x6p chf

sd 2.

C6

C]

vi

cilch.

Xdp chin cht sd (kh6c 2) viLo ntrm vi tri cdn lai, c6 95 ciich.
Theo quy t6c nhdn, cO e.Cl.Ss sd md chtr sd 2 khong thing ttdu.
Theo quy t6c c6ng, sd c6c sd c6 8 cht sd mh c6 dfng hai cht sd 2

l.e6 +
230

t.cl

.ss =

t3 6403r9.

li

khdc 2,

ll. Ddu tien ta chi ding 7 ghd vd xdp An, Chi vi 5 ban.kh6ng thuQc nh6m An;
Chi vio 7 ghd. Ta c6 7! cdch xdp. Sau cl6 xdp Binh ngdi canh An. C6 2!
cdch. Cudi cing xdp Chi, Huong ngdi cing nh6m vdi Dung. Ta c6 3! c6ch.
Theo quy t6c nhfln. c6 7l 21 3t = 60 480 cdch.

O= 11,2,...,

12. Khong gian m6u

100).

A = 13, 6, 9, ..., 991, n(A) = 33.

B = {5, 10, ..., 100]l, n(B) =20.

\. r,nt=
-:t00

L.

a)

P(A) =

b)

AaB= {15,30,45,60,75,9o1

100

P(Ac\B)={*PG).P(B).
100

Vny A vh B kh6ng dQc l{p.

Ndu c6 105 the thi x6t tuong tu, ta c6

'

n(A)=3s'P(A)=

#=+

n(B)=2r,P(B)=

#=,*'

n(A^B)=7

'rr

P(A

B)

P@) . P(B).
,d5 = n=

Vfy A vi B tt0c lAp.

li

13. Kf hiu A;
x6c sudt

Do

li

bidn c6

A=

"Bity ti

hop

thf i.miu d6", , =

1, 2. Bi6n c6 cdn

tim

Arb w ArAr.

4 vi A2 d6c lip nn

P(A) = P(A.A)+P1A1A2)

'

P(Ar ')P\A) +

2l
'
3'3 3'3
l2

P(a)P(42)

9'
231

la..KhiFe6ssi{n4$.c6':,.

.i:

{ar+iait:=-12
= 80
.

[a1a3a5

, _ il

ir'

<3 i'{a,=-2d-4

i;l

lt6(d +2)(d - 2) = 80.

.:

Giii

ra ta du@ d =

Cl{c c{p s6 cQng

t3.

phii ttm lA

vi
15. Ta c6

vI

trnd6
16. Vt lrl < I'rt0n vdi ar =

s=

r,

q = x ta

h=;i

,.

c6

ir +*.+i,xt+li ;,i{,'.i.,t

Do d6

,'! ( r..'i

1*r*
x

x2

+...+{ *...=1,*s=1.

1x7..
l-x
x2-x+i

<t,
-'x-+-=-

= x(l -x)
Gili

x2

ra ta duoc

2
:

7
2

,,-== !. *- =2

3'^2-3'

17. Ta c6 hQ phuong tdnh

(^45
lqq- -afl=-T.

l{145

l"rq'-qq'=.-srz.

=*,=o=*i-

rild6r6t ru.q2

Ydi

4=:t5i4r=6;
4
O=
'4

-1

,ht ar=4.

18. Ta c6

, ( r '\2=@Jt
, _=l<r*JJl=.8+'!.L=or.ar.
q=6-d
6
^t3-t 6
Vay 3 s6 h4ng tICu ldp thnnh cdp sd nhin vdi c0ng b6i lh

R6 ring lql <

l,

nen tdng vO hgr tren

^ Ji+t(.

J=----=-irl----r

Jr-r \
:+ S=3+J3.

)
3+J3)

:'

19. a)

b)

233

c)

x,l

d)

xtl

--f

- _"[ti*Ji
- 1ralf +n

2O. a)

"a

iI
J

khi

rr

->

-a

\'l

b) *.= n(,-il:e-,) =i:-#)(r-,)

+

limxn = l.(-2) =.-2.

21. a) Day (xn).bi ch4n vt

'

0.,1"n,<5v6imgiz;
nz

+3

b) Dey Q,) bi chln vi

b,l=levl.?t-.
c) DEy (2,) kh6ng bi chin vi
lrnl = lncosnnl = n.

rsinz

fi.2

+oo-

{x,} tnngvi

22. Ddys6

xn+r

xn*

*f ,,,,
M4t kh6c, diy sd niy bf ch{n tr0n vi

1l

l1

r 5-F_

5 52' 53 "" 5,

c)

lim

.r+1

x-+-1

GF

**v

lim
= r--r-l

_J

3-3x2

= lim

Gi i-t,

r-+O

=l_

-$(l-x)
5x

,(

4x2

+5x+4x2 +3)

5+4x

9+5x+
e) lim

.r+2

<,.it(G7.r-*)

lim
r-t-l

9+5x+4x2

4x2

5.

+3

6'

{to-, -z
x-2

__ 1.
(10-x)2 +21lto-*+q

t2

235

r)

z1t-x;(J5-,
..f,+T
-.'tt=)
\
--------- J8;* I = lirn
r-+l{J- x - rl'lx-3 i-t(r-r)(G+8*../Er*l)
llm

7..

i5l* Ji,t

8;"+rJr+8+Jtx+t

) "

l!--J
r--r+-[.3x'

24.a) rim

2x3

-4 tr *n)=

*-t

lim
=..f,-+.|.o
.

c)

d)

e)

",

9'

lx213

li- / li*r-u)= lim---FJ_=0.

x-++a,t9r2

x-r+.o

+l +3x

,'14( Jr*

- - t,)=

E
.*#=)* ffi
lim
= ,-++{o

'(r.1)-

- $na
x-+a X - Cl
srn,r

COS

lim
-'.x)a

b)D4t 1 -x=t(t

rmlr -

t
x-g

limrcotlr
= ,--ro
I

= rimrtanO

- Of

n2

1-'2"n

=Y^
t--+o
-

11

^T,

- J'
4'

x+a

-+0khi.x-r l),tac6

9u"f

J'

x-a
---=- S[l ---=2

236

6 12
^I +_____

'(r.i)

25. a)

12'

+4x2

"S-9161

b)

-2.
1l

cosa.

Ch6r,

;ior. l _1.
limgr
= l.
r-+0
,-+0
, COS,
-tr

t+J3

c)

s-3J5'

d)

fim

tan.t

;o

sin3

sin

':' l r ,..i:'
x

-.

1- cosr

r-+0

gi1'1'66s1

lrh

2sin2

:,

'{+sio2 }*.2 }*r*

25. a)

.b)
,,

2(l

- 2x\

. l.i :; ..rr.,,.1':'r
"
.: ;i;r .; ,;1s.1;:., ;,1 iq.r r

(l

- r)3

c)

-2cosr(l + sinx).

d)

_l+cae.2,x

e)

-5stnJ-tanr.

.o
27. A = o.

]1

-,

(l=x+x2\2
12:6x

'.1 i *'r,.' J'

..:

2$a3t'

l.2x

'' ::::r:1.

3)
-.(r,
\.6/".'l

.,

Khi d6fl.r) c6 Qo him tai x = 0.

t ilt' tl '. "

.'r;l-.i1"'.:!i
.l

t.:. . ;

:,

ii:''

.ii1 -.i,

|i

..i:'

a37'

MUC LUC
Trang

chuons

I.nAu s6 LUl. NG GrAc -

PHL.ONG TRiNH

LtilNG

GIAC

$1. Hnm sd luong gi6c

$2. Phuong trinh lugng gi6c co

bin

13

$3. MOt sd phuong trinh lugng gi6c thutmg g4p

Bai tap on chuong I

Ldi giii

Hu&rg din

tic

Ddp sd chuong

HOP

- xLc su.{T

ddm

36

57
57

92. Ho6n v!, chinh hqp, td hqp

60

$3. Nhi thfc Niu+on

64

$4. Ph6p thir

vi

bi6n cd

66

95. Xdc sudt cira bi6n c6

69

II

73

Bdi tilp 6n chucmg

Ldi giAi - Hu&rg d6n - Ddp sd chuong II

chtone

'238

24
35

chuongz. 16
$1. Quy

lil.

74

oAv sd - cAp sd cQNc vA cXP sei NuAN

$1. Phuong ph6p quy nap to6n hoc

87

$2. Day sd

96

$3. Cdp s6 cQng

107

$4. Cdp sd nhtn

tt4

Bei qp 6n chudng

Ldi giii

III

Hu&rg d6n

121

Ddp s6 chucmg

III

124

ChWng IV, GIdI HAN

$1. Gi6i han cia

diy sd

140
140

$2. Gi6i han cia him sd

151

$3. Hnm s6liOn tgc

160

Bii

rap on chuong

Ldi

giii -

IV

Hu6ng din

165

"
$1. Dinh nghia
$2. Cdc

Ddp sd chucmg

IV

170

ClvimeV.B,AlogAIrr,

vI f nghia cria dao hdm

q:y Eie,tfnh

190
195

d?o hhrn

g3. D4o htrm cira cdc him.sd lugrry lr6c,

190

' .

lgg

$4. Vi.phan

203

$5. D4o hlm cdp hai

205

Eei{4p on chuong

Ldi giii

Hu&rg d6n

0n tflp cudi nlm

207

Ddp sd chuong V

209

220

279