8/18/2016

NOI DUNG
Chng 1: Mot so van e c ban cua thong ke

THONG KE NG DUNG TRONG

KINH TE & KINH DOANH
Thi gian: 45 tiet

Chng 2: Phan tch thong ke kinh te

Chng 3: Thong ke cua cai quoc dan
Chng 4: Thong ke ket qua san xuat
Chng 5: Thong ke ngan sach nha nc
Chng 6: Thong ke tien te va tn dung
Chng 7: Thong ke mc song dan c

Tai lieu tham khao

1. Nguyn Quc Triu, Thng k kinh t, Nh xut
bn Kinh t quc dn.

Tieu luan mon hoc

1. Phn tch v rt ra kt lun v hot ng SXKD
qua 3 nm ca DN (ni cc anh/ch ang cng tc).
2. Phn tch v a ra 1 s bin php nng cao hiu
qu s dng ti sn c nh ca DN.
3. Phn tch v a ra mt s bin php nng cao hiu
qu s dng ti sn lu ng ca DN.
4. Phn tch v a ra mt s bin php s dng hp
l hn ngun lao ng ca DN.
5. Phn tch v a ra mt s bin php nng cao
nng sut lao ng ca DN.

NOI DUNG

MT S VN C BN CA THNG K

8/18/2016

THNG K L G?

Thong ke la g ?

Ngha th nht: Thng k l nhng con s c ghi

chp phn nh s thay i ca cc hin tng t
nhin, kinh t, k thut v x hi trong mt khon thi
gian v khng gian c th.
Ngha th hai: L mt h thng cc phng php v
thu thp, phn tch, d bo, din gii v trnh by d
liu t tm ra bn cht v tnh quy lut vn c
ca cc hin tng kinh t, x hi, t nhin trong iu
kin khng gian v thi gian c th.

MT S KHI NIM TRONG THNG K

THNG K M T (Descriptive statistics): nghin

cu vic tng hp, s ha, biu din bng bng biu,
th cc s liu thu thp c. Tnh ton cc tham
s c trng cho tp hp d liu vi mc ch m t
cc c tnh c bn ca n.

Tng th (Population): L mt i tng c hnh

thnh t nhiu phn t.
n v ca tng th (element): L mt phn t ca
tng th.
Mu (Sample): L mt tp con bt k ca tng th.

THNG K SUY DIN (Inferential statistics):

nghin cu s ngu nhin, nghin cu cc tp d liu
mu, t m hnh ha v a ra cc suy lun cho
tng th.

Quan st (observation): L mt phn t ca mu.

C mu (Sample size): L s phn t ca mu.
Tiu thc thng k (variable): L mt c im ca
n v tng th.

PHN LOI: (c chia lm 2 loi)

Tiu thc thuc tnh: L loi tiu thc khng c biu
hin trc tip bng cc con s.
Tiu thc s lng: L loi tiu thc c biu hin
trc tip bng cc con s.
Cc tr s c th khc nhau ca tiu thc s lng gi
l cc lng bin.

LNG BIN CHIA THNH 2 LOI

Lng bin ri rc: L lng bin m cc gi tr c
th c ca n l c th m c.

LNG BIN CHIA THNH 2 LOI:

Lng bin ri rc: L lng bin m cc gi tr c
th c ca n l c th m c.

Lng bin lin tc: L lng bin m cc gi tr c

th c ca n lp kn mt khong trn trc s.

Lng bin lin tc: L lng bin m cc gi tr c

th c ca n lp kn mt khong trn trc s.

12

PHN LOI: (c chia lm 2 loi)

Tiu thc thuc tnh (bin nh tnh): L loi tiu
thc khng c biu hin trc tip bng cc con s.
Tiu thc s lng (bin nh lng): L loi tiu
thc c biu hin trc tip bng cc con s.
Cc tr s c th khc nhau ca tiu thc s lng gi
l cc lng bin.

8/18/2016

CH TIU THNG K:
Ch tiu thng k l cc tr s phn nh cc c
im, cc tnh cht c bn ca tng th thng k trong
iu kin thi gian v khng gian xc nh.

CH TIU THNG K C HAI LOI:

Ch tiu s lng: Biu hin qui m ca tng th nh
s cng nhn, s lng sn phm sn xut c, din
tch gieo trng
Ch tiu cht lng: Biu hin trnh ph bin, mi
quan h so snh ca hin tng nghin cu nh nng
sut lao ng, tin lng, gi thnh

Thang o th bc (Ordinal Scale): l thang o nh

danh nhng c mi quan h hn km gia cc biu
hin ca tiu thc, nhng php tr v php cng khng
thc hin c gia cc biu hin ca bin cn o.
V d: hun chng c 3 hng

Thang o: l mt cng c dng lng ho hin

tng nghin cu, trong thng k ngi ta thng s 4
loi thang o sau:
Thang o nh danh (Nominal Scale): L loi thang
o s dng cho bin nh tnh n c cng dng phn
loi, nhn dng i tng nghin cu bng cch s
dng m s, k s biu hin cho d liu, cc m s,
k s ny khng c s hn km, khc bit v th bc.
Cc con s khng c mi quan h hn km, khng thc
hin cc php tnh i s. Cc con s ch mang tnh
cht m ha.
V d: Gii tnh, Tn gio, Bng cp,...

Thang o t l (Ratio Scale): L thang o khong

vi mt im 0 tuyt i /tht trn thang o.

Php chia gia cc biu hin ca bin cn o l c
ngha.

Thang o khong (Interval Scale): L mt dng c

bit ca thang o th bc v khong cch gia cc bc
l bng nhau, php tr v php cng c th thc hin
c gia cc biu hin ca bin cn o, php chia
khng c ngha gia hai biu hin ca bin cn o.
Khng c s khng tuyt i/tht.

QU TRNH NGHIN CU THNG K

THU THP D LIU

Xc nh mc ch, ni dung, i tng cn nghin cu.

Xy dng h thng cc khi nim, ch tiu thng k.
17

iu tra thng k.
X l s liu:
Tp hp, xp sp s liu.
Phn tch thng k s b.
Phn tch v gii thch kt qu. D on xu
hng pht trin ca hin tng.

Xc nh r d liu no cn thu thp, th t u tin

ca cc d liu ny.
Yu cu trong qu trnh thu thp d liu:
Chnh xc: S liu thu thp phi phn nh ng thc
trng ca cc n v tng th.
Kp thi: Cung cp ti liu ng lc pht huy ht
tc dng ca ti liu.
y : D liu thu thp phi ng s lng v ni
dung c quy nh c th trong cc vn bn iu tra.
18

Vit bo co v truyn t kt qu nghin cu.

8/18/2016

PHN LOI D LIU

Da vo ngun gc
ca d liu

Da vo thi gian

PHN LOI IU TRA THNG K

Nu cn c vo tnh lin tc hay khng lin tc ca
vic thu thp d liu, ta chia vic iu tra, thu thp s
liu lm 2 loi:
iu tra thng xuyn.
iu tra khng thng xuyn.

D liu s cp
D liu th cp

D liu cho
D liu theo thi gian

Nu cn c vo phm vi ca i tng iu tra, ta

chia vic iu tra, thu thp s liu lm 2 loi:
iu tra ton b.
iu tra khng ton b.

19

IU TRA KHNG TON B BAO GM:

iu tra chn mu.
iu tra trng im.
iu tra chuyn .
iu tra chn mu: L loi iu tra chn ra mt s
n v nht nh thuc tng th nghin cu tin
hnh iu tra thc t, sau dng cc kt qu thu thp
c tnh ton v suy rng thnh ra cho ton b
tng th.

20

iu tra chuyn (iu tra n v c bit): Ch

tin hnh trn mt s rt t n v c bit thuc tng th
nghin cu, nhng i su nghin cu chi tit nhiu kha
cnh khc nhau ca n v .

iu tra trng im: L loi iu tra ch tin hnh

b phn ch yu trong ton b tng th nghin cu,
thng l nhng b phn chim t trng ln trong tng
21
th.

CC PHNG PHP THU THP D LIU

22

CC HNH THC BO CO IU TRA TK

Bo co thng k nh k.
Bo co thng k t xut.
iu tra chuyn mn.

Thu Thp Trc Tip

Quan st.
Phng vn trc tip.
Thu Thp Gin Tip
Nhn vin iu tra thu thp ti liu qua trao i
bng in thoi, gi th qua bu in, e mail,.

23

24

8/18/2016

SAI S TRONG IU TRA THNG K

SAI S TRONG IU TRA THNG K

Sai s do ng k (Sai s ch quan): Sai s ny

pht sinh do vic ghi chp ti liu khng chnh xc, do
khai bo sai,

Lm tt cng tc chun b: Chn, hun luyn,

kim tra nhn vin; in n chnh xc phiu iu tra
v cc ti liu hng dn, ph bin mc tiu,
ngha ca cuc iu tra

Sai s do tnh cht i biu (Sai s khch quan):

Sai s ny ch xy ra trong iu tra khng ton b, c
bit l trong iu tra chn mu.

Lm tt cng tc tuyn truyn i vi cc n v

c iu tra. Nng cao tinh thn trch nhim vi
i vi nhn vin iu tra ( iu kin lm vic, ch
th lao, ch thng, pht,
Phi c phng php kim tra khoa hc, hiu qu.

25

26

PHIU IU TRA BNG CU HI

L loi bng in sn theo mu quy nh trong k
hoch iu tra, c s dng thng nht ghi d liu
ca cc n v iu tra.
ANH GIA NOI DUNG CAU HOI
Nham xet xem cac cau hoi t ra co the thu thap c cac thong tin
mong muon hay khong. e co cau hoi hp ly can chu y:
Cau hoi phai ro rang, de hieu. T ng s dung phai phu hp van
hoa a phng.
oi vi cac d lieu co tnh hoi tng (d lieu trong qua kh), can
xac nh ro thi gian trong qua kh ket hp nhng cau hoi gi lai
tr nh (cac s kien co lien quan).
oi vi cac van e co tnh chat rieng t, b mat can hoi gian tiep.
Tranh nhng cau hoi qua dai dong va co tnh chat tong hp cao.
27
Co the s dung them hnh anh e minh hoa cau hoi.
S dung linh hoat cau hoi m va cau hoi ong .

TM TT V TRNH BY D LIU

PHN T THNG K
Khi nim: Phn t thng k l cn c vo mt (hay
mt s) tiu thc no tin hnh phn chia hin
tng nghin cu thnh cc t khc nhau.
Cc bc tin hnh phn t:
La chn tiu thc phn t.
Xc nh s t cn thit.
La chn tiu thc phn t:
Da vo mc ch nghin cu.
Phi da vo iu kin lch s c th ca hin
tng nghin cu.

PHN T THNG K
Xc nh s t
Phn t cho tiu thc thuc tnh (d liu nh tnh).
Trng hp n gin: Nu s biu hin ca tiu thc
t th mi biu hin s phn thnh 1 t.
V d: gii tnh, tnh trng hn nhn,...
Trng hp phc tp: Nu tiu thc c rt nhiu
biu hin, chng ta ghp nhiu biu hin gn ging
nhau (v tnh cht, gi tr s dng ) thnh 1 t.

8/18/2016

PHN T THNG K

PHN T THNG K

Phn t cho d liu nh lng

Trng hp phc tp (lng bin lin tc)

Trng hp n gin: Nu lng bin ca tiu thc

thay i t, th thng l mi lng bin hnh thnh 1 t.
V d: bc th cn, s nhn khu trong h
S con
0
1
2
3
4

S h
100
200
300
50
30

k ( 2 n)1/ 3

k: s t.
n: s quan st

Mi t c gii hn di v gii hn trn. Chnh

lch gia gii hn trn v gii hn di ca t gi l
khong cch t h.
31

32

PHNG PHP NHNH V L

Khi phn t c khong cch t u nhau, khong cch

t c xc nh:

V d: Tui ca 30 sinh vin ngnh QTKD:

28, 23, 30, 24, 19, 21, 39, 22, 22, 31, 37, 33, 20, 30,
35, 21, 26, 27, 25, 29, 27, 21, 25, 28, 26, 29, 29, 22,
32, 27.

xmaxxmin
k

33

PHN T THNG K

Ta c biu nhnh v l cho d liu trn nh sau:

1 9
2 011122234556677788999
3 00123579

BNG TN S
Lng bin
(Xi)

Tn s
(fi)
f1
f2

fk

x1
x2

xk
Cng

fi n

i1

BNG TN S

Tn sut
fi
fi

Tn s tch
ly

f1/n
f2/n

fk/n

f1
f1 + f2

f1 + f2 + + fk

1
35

V d: bng phn phi/b v tui ca SV nh sau:

Tui

Tn s

Tn sut

18
19
20
21
22
Cng

3
15
40
17
5
80

0.0375
0.1875
0.5000
0.2125
0.0625
1

Tn sut
tch ly
3
18
58
75
80
36

8/18/2016

BNG KT HP

BNG KT HP

Chng ta ta c th phn t theo 2 hay nhiu tiu thc

cng mt lc v kt qu c trnh by trong bn kt
hp.
V d: Trong mt cuc kho st c 3 tiu thc sau:
Ngh nghip.
Gii tnh.
Trnh hc vn.

37

S
ngi Cao
ng
0
400
Gio vin
0
244
Nam
0
156
N
10
Cng nhn vin 200
3
90
Nam
7
110
N
Cng
600
10
Ngh nghip

Hc vn
i Thc
hc
s
180
60
100
32
80
28
73
70
36
24
37
46
130
253

Tin
s
160
112
48
47
27
20
201

BIU - CT

BIU - HNH TRN

Biu v th l cc hnh v, ng nt hnh hc
dng m t c tnh quy c cc s liu thng k.

120

120

C cu GDP ca Tp.HCM

100

Gi tr sn
lng

90

80
60

75
QD
LD
HTX
XNTN

50

40
20
0
QD

LD

HTX

Thnh phn kinh t

XNTN
40

BIU - NG
Lng du th xut khu
18
16,3

16

15,2

Triu
14
tn
10,1

10
8,8

8
6
4

M T D LIU BNG CC C
TRNG O LNG

12,5

12

5,5

6,3

7,1

7,6

2
0
1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000
41

8/18/2016

SO TUYET OI

Khi Nim: S tuyt i l ch tiu dng biu hin

quy m, khi lng ca hin tng.

n v tnh: Co 3 loai n v tnh chu yeu dung cho cac

so tuyet oi nh sau:
n v hin vt: La n v tnh toa n phu hp vi ac
iem vat ly cua hien tng.
n v hin vt t nhien: ngi, cai, chiec, con
n v hin vt quy c: kg, ta, tan, lt, met
n v hin vt quy oi
n v thi gian: Nh gi cong, nga y cong dung e
tnh lng lao ong hao ph.
n v tien te: Nh ong, ola, bang anh

So Tuyet oi Thi Ky: Phan anh quy mo, khoi

lng cua hien tng trong mot khoang thi gian cu
the.
V du: nam 2015 cong ty AA san xuat c 1.000 SP.
So Tuyet oi Thi iem: Phan anh quy mo, khoi
lng cua hien tng tai mot thi iem nhat nh.
V du: dan so viet nam co vao luc 0 gi ngay
1/4/1999 la 76.324.753 ngi.

44

S TUYT I

So tuyet oi la so co n v i kem

SO TNG OI

SO TNG OI

Khai Niem: So tng oi la ch tieu bieu hien quan he so

sanh gia cac mc o cua hien tng
nghien cu.
45

So sanh qua:
Thi gian
Khong gian
Bo phan vi tong the
Mc o cua cac hien tng co lien quan

So tng oi ong thai :

y1
y0

y1, y0: Phai thoa man nhng ieu kien sau:

Phai cung 1 phng phap tnh
Cung noi dung tnh
Cung pham vi tnh
Cung o dai khoang thi gian tnh
Cung n v tnh

SO TNG OI
So tng oi nhiem vu ke hoach

tnk

yk
y0

yk: Mc o ky ke hoach
y0: Mc o thc te ky goc

So tng oi hoan thanh ke hoach

thk

y1
yk

y1: Mc o ky nghien cu (bao cao)

y0: Mc o ky goc

SO TNG OI
VD: Ti doanh nghip A kt thuc nam 2007 doanh thu
cua DN at c la 200 ty ong. DN at ra muc tieu cho
nam 2008 la: Doanh thu phai tang them 20 ty ong. Ket
thuc nam 2008 DN bao cao doanh thu at c thc te la
218 ty ong.
y0 = 200 ty

yk= 220 ty

y1= 218 ty

yk: Mc o ky ke hoach
y1: Mc o thc te ky bao cao
Ta co: t = tnkthk

8/18/2016

SO TNG OI

yi
yi

di

So tng oi ket cau

TRUNG BNH SO HOC

Dang n gian
N

So tng oi cng o: Dung e bieu hien trnh o

pho bien hoac trnh o thoa man cua mot ch tieu nao
o.

i 1

Cho tong the

50

So tng oi khong gian: Bieu hien quan he so sanh

gia cac hien tng cung loai nhng khac nhau ve khong
gian, hoac so sanh gia cac bo phan trong cung mot tong
the.

i 1

Cho mau

V du: Mot doanh nghiep co 7 cong nhan, vi cac mc

lng trong thang 4/2005 nh sau (tr. ong):
2.5
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
Tien lng trung bnh 1 cong nhan trong thang 4/2005:
N

i 1

TRUNG BNH SO HOC

2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 28

4 tr
7
7

TRUNG BNH SO HOC

V du: Tnh hnh tien lng trong thang 4/2005 cua mot to
cong nhan nh sau :

Trung bnh so hoc co trong so

k

x f

i i

Tnh cho tong the:

i 1
k

Trong o:

i 1

i1

x f

i i

Tnh cho mau:

i 1
k

Trong o:

i 1

i 1

Tien
lng
2.5
3.5
4.0
5.5
Cong

S CN xi
fi
25
10
52.5
15
48
12
16.5
3
40
142

x f

i i

i 1
4

142
3,55
40

i 1

52

TRUNG BNH SO HOC

Trong trng hp d lieu c phan thanh nhieu to
Ngi ta lay tr so gia moi to lam lng bien ai dien
cho to o.
xmax: Gii han tren
x x
xi max min
xmin: Gii han di

TRUNG BNH SO HOC

Mot so tnh chat

n
i i

1. Neu f1 = f2 =...= fn = f th

i 1
n

i 1

i 1

V du: Tnh hnh v nng suat lao ong tai mot phan
xng san suat trong thang 03/2015 nh sau:
NSL (KG)

TR SO GIA (xi)

SO CN (fi)

xi f i

600 700
700 800
800 900
900 1000

650
750
850
950

45
80
30
5

29250
60000
25500
4750

200

140.500

CONG

x f x

2. Neu at

di

x f

i i

fi

th

f
i 1

i 1
n

xi di
i 1

i 1

54

8/18/2016

TRUNG BNH SO HOC

TRUNG BNH SO HOC

Trung bnh ieu hoa

x x 0

3.

i
M1 M 2 ... Mn
in1
M1 M 2
M
M

... n i
x1 x2
xn
i 1 xi

i1

Loai vai n gia

150.000
VD: Loai I
Loai II 100.000
Loai III
80.000

x
x

4.

fi

i 1
n

fi

i 1

55

Doanh thu
225.000.000
500.000.000
520.000.000

n gia
trung bnh
mot m vai la
bao nhieu?

225.000 500.000 520.000

95,77
225.000 500.000 520.000

150
100
80

TRUNG BNH SO HOC

56

TRUNG BNH NHAN

So Trung Bnh Nhan (So Tb Hnh Hoc)

Neu M1 = M2 =...= Mn = M th:

Mi
i 1
n

Mi

i 1 xi

i 1

i 1
n

i 1 xi

58

t m t1t2t3...tm m ti

nM
n

1
M
i 1 xi

n
n

ti : So tng oi ong thai lien hoan th i (toc o phat

trien lien hoan)

x
i1

Trong trng hp cac lng bien ti c gap nhieu lan,

cong thc tren c viet gon:

k
57

fi
i1

f1
1

f2
2

fk
k

fi

t t ...t i1

fi

i1

TRUNG BNH NHAN

VD: Co tai lieu ve san lng lua cua tnh A nh sau:

Nam
San lng (1.000
tan)
ti

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

400 395 416 450 480

MODE
Khai niem: Mode la lng bien co tan so ln nhat.
D lieu

a phan to nhng khong co khoang cach to

Tuoi

0.987 1.053 1.082 1.067

t 4 ti 4 0,987x1,053x1,082x1,067 1,047
i 1

59
Toc o phat trien trung bnh ve san lng lua cua tnh
A giai oan 1999 2003 la: 4,7%

18
19
20
21
22
Cong

So sinh
vien
3
7
40
10
4
64

Xac nh mode
cho day so lieu
tren.

60

10

8/18/2016

MODE

MODE
VD: Co tai lieu sau

D lieu a phan to vi khoang cach to eu nhau

Xac nh to cha mode: La to co tan so ln nhat.
Xac nh mode:

M0 xM0(min) hM0

fM0 fM01
( fM0 fM01 ) ( fM0 fM01 )

D lieu a phan to vi khoang cach to khong eu nhau

Tnh mot tng t nh trng hp eu, nhng khong

da vao tan so ma da vao mat o phan phoi.
61

Mat o phan phoi = tan so(fi)/kct (hi)

TRUNG V (Me)

400 500
500 600
600 700
700 800
800 900
900 1000
cong

10
30
45
80
30
5
200

M 0 700100

80 45
741,2kg
(80 45) (80 30)

Yeu cau: Tnh

mode cho day so
lieu tren

62

TRUNG V (Me)

Khai niem: Trung v la lng bien chia day so lieu

lam 2 phan bang nhau (vi ieu kien day so lieu a
c xap sep).
D lieu a phan to nhng khong co khoang cach to

Xac nh to cha trung v: La to co tan so tch

luy > (n+1)/2.

VD: Co tai lieu ve tuoi nghe cua 8 cong nhan:

5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12

xn / 2 x( n 2) / 2

D lieu a phan to vi khoang cach to eu nhau

Xac nh trung v:

VD: Co tai lieu ve tuoi nghe cua 7 cong nhan:

5,6,7,8,9,10,11.

Me

NSL (Kg) So cong nhan

Me xMemin hMe

63

SMe1

f Me

64

TRUNG V (Me)

TRUNG V (Me)
Khai niem: T phan v la nhng lng bien chia day
So lieu ra lam 4 phan bang nhau.

VD: Tnh so trung v theo tai lieu sau:

NSL(Kg)

So CN

Tan so tch luy

400 500
500 600
600 700
700 800
800 900
900 1000
Cong

10
30
45
80
30
5
200

10
40
85
165

200
85
M e 700 100 2
718,75(kg)
80

- Q1 : T phan v th nhat, v tr (n+1)/4

- Q2 : T phan v th hai, v tr 2(n+1)/4
- Q3 : T phan v th ba, v tr 3(n+1)/4

65

66

11

8/18/2016

CAC AC TRNG O LNG O PHAN TAN

KHOANG BIEN THIEN O TRAI GIA

VD: Co hai to cong nhan, moi to co 5 ngi vi cac mc

nang suat lao ong nh sau (kg):

R xmax xmin

To 1: 240 260 280 300 320

To 2: 276 278 280 282 284

R1=80kg

Giup ta anh gia tnh chat ai bieu cua so trung

bnh.
ac trng ve phan phoi, ve ket cau, tnh chat ong
eu cua tong the.

R2=8kg

o Trai Gia: La chenh lech gia t phan v th

ba va t phan v th nhat.

RQ Q3 Q1

67

O LECH TUYET OI TRUNG BNH

KHOANG BIEN THIEN O TRAI GIA

x x

VD: Co tai lieu ve tien lng cua 2 to CN:

To 1 0,9 1,2 1,5 1,8 2,1 2,4 2,7 3,0 3,3 3,6 3,9
To 2 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9
RQ1 = 1,8 tr.

68

x x f
f
i

RQ2 = 0,6 tr.

69

d1 24kg

PHNG SAI

d2 2,4kg

70

PHNG SAI
Phng sai tnh t mau:

Phng sai cua tong the

n
2

Hoac

S 2

S 2

x2 ( x )2

(x x )
i

fi

i 1

xi fi
fi

i 1

Hoac

( x x )

i 1

71

Vi

n fi

72

i 1

12

8/18/2016

PHNG SAI

O LECH CHUAN

Phng sai mau hieu chnh:

(x x )

i 1

n 1

QUY TAC Tchebychev:

Bat ky mot tong the nao vi tb la va o lech tieu
chuan la , th co t nhat 100(1-1/m2)% gia tr ri vao
khoang:
m vi m >1.

Hoac
k

(x x)

fi

i 1

f 1
i

73

i 1

m = 1,5: 55,6%

O LECH CHUAN

m = 2: 75%

m=3: 88,9%

74

HE SO BIEN THIEN

Quy Tac Thc Nghiem:

oi vi mot tong the ln, phan phoi chuan c s
dung e mo ta hnh dang cua phan phoi:
Khoang 68% gia tr ri vao
Khoang 95% gia tr ri vao 2
Khoang 99,73% gia tr ri vao 3

75

PHAN PHOI CUA DAY SO LIEU

s
v 100%
x

Hoac

v 100%

Chiu cao trung bnh cua thanh nien Viet Nam la

168cm, o lech chuan la 10cm, trong khi can nang
trung bnh la 57kg vi o lech chuan la 5kg. Hay so
sanh mc o bien thien gia chieu cao va can nang.

v1

10
100% 5,95%
168

v2

5
100% 8,77%
76
57

PHAN PHOI CUA DAY SO LIEU

Phan phoi lech phai khi:

Phan phoi oi xng khi:

Me Mo

Me Mo

77

78

13

83

80

81
82

30.0

79

29.0

28.0

27.0

26.0

25.0

24.0

23.0

22.0

21.0

20.0

19.0

18.0

17.0

3( M e )

16.0

15.0

14.0

13.0

12.0

11.0

10.0

09.0

PHAN PHOI CUA DAY SO LIEU

08.0

5000

07.0

10000

06.0

25000

84

32797
34878
35707
35506
35357
34640
33588
32802
31724
30629
29420
28858
27731
26697
25326
24237
23161
21803
20560
19509
18769
17397
16543
15350
14540
13442
12746
11668
10663
10036
9081
8587
7734
6939
6308
5764
5023
4469
3887
3519
3038
2531
2185
1818
1613
1275
1041
825
609
433
293
207
100
60
32
4
2

05.0

30000

26595

Phan phoi lech trai khi:

04.0

20000

19413

35000

03.0

12482
12451

40000

02.0

Me Mo

01.0

15000

00.0

SO TH SINH

8/18/2016

HE SO PEARSON

3( x M e )
s

P -3 phan phoi lech trai

P 3 phan phoi lech phai

P 0 phan phoi oi xng

BIEU O PHAN BO IEM CUA 141 TRNG

AI HOC NAM 2003

iem

14