CHAPTER 7

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH

INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT
Is a disaster caused by an industrial company, either by
negligence or incompetence.
Through industrial accidents, injury and loss of life often
occurs.
Can occur in the construction industry, energy industry,
food industry, chemical industry, manufacturing industry,
steel industry, or mining industry.
There are often concerns of workplace safety.

MECHANICAL HAZARDS IN
WORKPLACE
Point of operation areas of a machine where it
performs work on material.
In-running nip points pinch points
Any point at which it is possible for a person or part of
a persons body to be caught between moving parts
of a machine, or between the moving and stationary
parts of a machine, or between material and any part
of the machine.

CONTINUED

Rotating or reciprocating machine parts.

Flying chips, sparks, or parts.
Power transmission apparatuses.
Slips, trips and falls from height.
Combustible materials - gasoline, diesel, fuel,
paint thinner, propane cans (like for BBQ), paint,
liquor, thinner, wood stain - put off fumes that
can catch fire or cause a pilot light to explode if
they are thick enough fumes.

FORM OF INDUSTRIAL
ACCIDENTS
Fire and explosion
Tanker wrecked and sank
Flooded
Mechanical failure stuck to open
Sugar refinery explosion dust explosion
Mill collapsed without warning
Release of dioxins, ammonia into the
atmosphere

INDUSTRIAL DISASTER
April 26, 1986: Chernobyl disaster. At the Chernobyl Nuclear
Power Plant in Prypiat, Ukraine a test on reactor number four
goes out of control, resulting in a nuclear meltdown. The
ensuing steam explosion and fire killed up to 50 people with
estimates that there may be between 4,000 and several
hundred thousand additional cancer deaths over time. Prypiat
was totally evacuated and remains as a ghost town.

April 18, 2007: Qinghe Special Steel Corporation disaster. A

ladle holding molten steel separated from the overhead iron
rail, fell, tipped, and killed 32 workers.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Chemical hazards lead, arsenic, solvents,
pesticides, sealants, adhesives etc.
Physical hazards excessive heat, noise level
(> 85 decibels), insufficient light.
Biological hazards smoke, dust, water.
Psychological hazards work stress.

CONSEQUENCES FROM
MECHANICAL & HEALTH HAZARDS

Amputations
Severe burn/injuries
Deaths
Problems face by family members
Problems face by colleagues
Fear & suspicion
Moral problem

HAZARD CONTROLS
Accident prevention programmes;
Safety policy
Safety instructions
Safety audits
Training & education
Safety motivation
Redesign of job, equipment & procedure

CONTINUED
Eliminations hazard is completely remove from
the workplace by substitution of process /
substance / engineering design
Good housekeeping

Isolation - hazards is isolated from workers by

barriers, guarding fences remote operations
Use belt drives, chain drives, conveyors, etc

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH ACT 1994 (OSHA)
An Act to make further provisions for
securing the safety, health and welfare of
persons at work, for protecting others
against risks to safety or health in
connection with the activities of persons at
work.

EMPLOYEE vs EMPLOYER
Employee means a person who is
employed for wages under a contract of
service on or in connection with the work
of an industry to which this Act applies.
Employer means the immediate
employer or the principal employer or
both.

 Government means the Federal

Government, the Government of a State or a
local government; immediate employer, in
relation to employees employed by or
through him, means a person who has
undertaken the execution at the place of work
where the principal employer is carrying on
his trade, business, profession, vocation, or
occupation.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
(NIOSH)
Is committed to ensure a safe and healthy
working environment to all employees and
others involved in or affected by its
operation taking into account statutory
requirement and relevant national and
international standards and codes of
practices.