Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00

Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

ONE WAY SLABS

Conditions for one way or two way slab :
For One way slab
m=
m=

For Two way slab

wL4
C
EI

w L4
C1
E C 2 bh 3

L
h

STRINGERS: are beams supported by a beam , or sometimes called girders.

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

INFLUENCE LINES :
Live Load are transient loads

All even # span: Negative Moment

All odd # span: Positive Moment

All odd # span: Negative Moment

All even # span: Positive Moment

PATTERN LOADING :

Load Case ( 1 )

Load Case ( 2 )

Load Case ( 3 )

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

ACI MOMENT COEFFICIENTS :

NSCP Article 408.4.3 (p. 4-24)

Conditions before using the ACI
moment coefficients:
1.

there are 2 or more spans

2.

spans are approximately equal,

with the larger of two adjacent spans not
greater than the shorter by more than 20
percent.

3.

loads are uniformly distributed

4.

unit live load does not exceed three

times unit dead load

5.

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

members a prismatic

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

For Reaction @ left :

RL

wL
ML MR

2
L

For Reaction @ right :

RR

wL
MR ML

2
L
RR > R L

@ 1st interior support

shear = 1.15wL
2

(Spandrel beam: are edge beams subjected to a lot of torsion.)

USE OF ACI MOMENT COEFFICIENTS

For beams with more than two spans ( spans > 2 )

For beams with more than two spans only ( spans = 2 )

For slab spans less than 3 meters ( spans < 3m )

PROBLEM 01: Design a one way slab with the figure shown below.
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Use : fc = 22 MPa and

Grade 40 bars

Superimposed DL = 2.5
kPa
LL = 2.0 kPa

Use 10 mm bars
Clear Span = 2.70 m.

Note : b = per 1 meter strip

= 1000 mm
FOR SLAB THICKNESS
Refer to NSCP 2001 Table 409 1 Minimum thickness of Nonprestressed Beams or One Way Slabs
Unless Deflections are Computed ( Sect. 409.6.2, page 4-30 )
use directly the values given for members with Grade 60
if fy is other than 415 Mpa, or for Grade 40 rebars:
fy

values shall be multiplied by : 0.40

700

SOLUTION:
REQ' D h

REQ ' D

l
fy
0.40

24
700
2700
24

0.40

276

700

89.375 mm

say 100 mm

round up to nearest 10 mm

h concrete cov er

1
2

db

where : d b diameter of bar

d

100 20

1
2

10

75 mm

Refer to NSCP 2001 (407.8.3.1) For Minimum Concrete Cover ( page 4-20 )

At point A ;

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

 Negative M B

Negative M A

DL of concrete slab

WD
WD

2.5 23.6 0.1

WL

2.0 kPa

MA

1
Wu L2
12
thickness

4.86 kPa

kN

m
1 meter strip

Wu 1.4 DL 1.7 LL 1.4 4.86 1.7 2.0 10.204 kPa

1
Wu L2
12

1
10.204kPa 2.7 2
12

6.1989 kN

kN m
1 meter strip

(FOR TOP BARS)

min

f 'c
4 fy

22

4 276

0.0042485

0.005

or

1.4
fy

1.4
276

Mu
bd 2 fy

fy
0.85 f ' c

REQ' D

Ab
d

0.90 1000 75 2 276

276

14.759
0.85 22

1 2 mX
m
0.0045921

ASIDE :
As
n
Ab
b
S
n

6.1989 106

governs

0.0044365

1 2 14.759 0.0044365
14.759

As bd
b Ab
As

b Ab
bd

4 10 2 mm2
0.00445921 75 mm

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

228.04 mm(spacing)

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

For Smax (NSCP Article 407.7.5 p.4 19)

Smax 450 or (3 x thickness of slab)
Smax 3 x 100 300 mm
S 450 mm Smax 300 mm
max

if S Smax use : S 228.04 mm (round down to nearest cm.)

S 220 mm spacing
(FOR BOTTOM BARS)
Positive moment
Exterior Span
wL2

14

10.204 x 2.7 2
14

5.3134

use S

10.204 x 2.7 2
16

4.6492

5.3134 x10
4.6492 x10
0.0038028

2
2
0.90 x1000 x 75 x 276
0.90 x1000 x 75 x 276 0.0033274

1 1 ( 2 x14.759 x 0.0033274)
1 1 ( 2 x14.759 x 0.0038028)
0.0039159
0.0034134

14.759
14.759

10 2

267.42
0
.
0039159
x
75

wL2

16

Interior Span

260 mm spacing

10 2

306.79
0
.
0034134
x
75

300 mm spacing

(SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE BARS)

for Grade 40 g s 0.0020

bh

for Grade 60 g 0.0018

(10) 2
Ab
Re q ' d S
4
392.70 mm
g h 0.002(100)

where : h thickness of slab ( t s )

for Smax : NSCP Art. 407.13.2.2 p.4 23

Smax 450 or 5t s ( whichever is lesser)
Smax 450

S 5x100 500
max

Smax 450 mm

: S Smax
use S 392.70 say 390 mm or 350 mm

PROBLEM 02: Design the one way slab with clear spans at 3.4 meters.

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Use : fc = 22 MPa
and
Grade 40 bars

Superimposed DL =
1.7 kPa
LL = 1.9
kPa
Use 12 mm bars

Note : b = per 1 meter strip

= 1000 mm

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes 10
2k6 2k7

Solution :
1.)

Solve for slab thickness

l
fy
0.40

24
700
3400
276
REQ' D h
0.40

24
700
REQ' D h

WD

DL of concrete h

WD

1.7 23.6 0.120

Wu

1.4 DL

112 .53 mm say 120 mm

1.4 4.532

1.7 LL

4.532 kPa

kN

m
1 meter strip

1.7 1.9

9.575 kPa

kN

m
1 meter strip

At A :

Mu

1
Wu L2
2

1
2

9.575 3.4 2

4.6119 kN

kN m
1 meter strip

Solve for d :
Using 12 mm rebars
h concrete cov er

1
2

db

where : d b diameter of bar

120 20

1
2

12

94 mm

Solve for :
x

Mu
bd 2 fy

fy
0.85 f ' c

REQ ' D

4.6119 10 6

0.90 1000 94
276
0.85 22
1 2 mx
m

0.0021349

276

0.0021012

14.759

1 2 14.759 0.0021012
14.759

min

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes 11
2k6 2k7

f 'c
4 fy

min

22

4 276

0.0042485

0.005

or

1.4
fy

1.4
276

governs

Conditions for min :

If < min
Use act = 4 / 3

If > min
act =

Compare:
If act > min, use min
If act < min, use act
act

act

min

use :

2.)

act

4
0.0021349
3

act

Spacing for Bars

For reinforcing bars
Ab

1.)

Re q ' d

2.)

S max

450 mm

3.)

3 ts or 3 h

0.0028465

0.0028465

4 12 2 mm 2
0.0028465 94 mm

min

422.68 mm

( from NSCP 2001, Sect.407.13.2.2, page 4 23)

3 120

360 mm

Conditions for spacing :

Compare 2 and 3 , lesser value governs then compare to
Re q ' d S

and choose whichever value is lesser

Between 2 and 3,

360 mm governs

Between 360 mm and Re q ' d S ,

Re q ' d S is greater

Therefore use S 360 mm

For temperature bars (use 10 mm bars)

1.)

Re q ' d

Ab
g h

values for g :

4 10 2 mm 2
0.002 120 mm

Grade 40 bars 0.0020

For

Grade 60 bars 0.0018

S max

3.)

5h

450 mm

5 120

327.25 mm

From NSCP 2001 Sect.407.13.2.1, page 4 23

For

2.)

( from NSCP 2001, Sect.407.13.2.2, page 4 23)

600 mm

Conditions for spacing :

Compare 2 and 3 , lesser value governs then compare to
Re q ' d S

and choose whichever value is lesser

Between 2 and 3,

450 mm governs

Between 450 mm and Re q ' d S ,

Re q ' d S is lesser

Reinforced
Concrete
RCD 1 )
Therefore
use S Design
327.25 (mm
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

12

TABLE OF VALUES
Coefficient
Mu (kN)
X
Reqd
Use
Reqd S (mm)
Use S (mm)
Temp. Bars

A
1/24
4.6119
0.0021012
0.0021349
0.0028465
422.68
360

AB
1/14
7.9062
0.0036021
0.0037033
0.049377
243.67
240

B
1/10
11.0687
0.005043
0.005246
0.005246
229.349
225

BC
1/16
6.91794
0.0031518
0.0032278
0.004305
279.47
220

C
1/11
10.06245
0.0045845
0.0047489
0.0063319
189.89
180

Note : For use S, round down to nearest 10 mm

Load Calculations for Stringers

EXAMPLE:
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

13

Live Load = 2.4 kPa

Lo
a d
in g
3

W
D
W
L

Loads

W
U

2.4
x
3

Floor Dead

fo
r
0.5

x
3

1.4(
1
3 .7 )

Lo
a d
in g
fo
r
7
3

0 .4 2
8 5
7
7

5
x
3
3

5
x
3
3

0
W

Ceiling
Flr Fin
Movable Part
Slab

W
U

= 0.40 kPa
= 1.20 kPa
= 1.00 kPa
= 2.40 kPa
5.00 kPa

1.4(
1
4 .0
8 2

m = S (c-c short dimension)

L (c-c long dimension)
Convert into uniform load
Lo
a d
in g
3
m

6
W
D
W
L
W
U

W
U

1.4(
1
3 .7 )

Lo
a d
in g
3

W
L

2.4
x
3

W
D

fo
r
0.5

x
3

fo
r

x
3

0 .4 2
8 5
7

x
3

1.4(
1
4 .0
8 2

EXAMPLE:

CASE 1

CASE 2

1/ 4
0.25

0.55556
One-Way Slabs and Stringers
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )1 / 4 1 / 5 0.25 0.2

0
.
44444
Lecture Notes
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday DF
6:00

12:00
BA
DFBA

Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

2k6 2k7

14

1
26.207 4 2
24
M A 17.471 kN .m
MA

1
26.207 52
24
M B 27.299 kN .m
MB

FEM ' s

FEM ' s
M AB M BA

M BC M CB

1
26.207 4 2 34.943 kN .m
12
1

26.207 52 54.594 kN .m
12

34.943 .0 44444
.1 25
FINAL M B

54.594 .0 55556

1
19.407 52 40.431 kN .m
12
34.943 0.44444
MB
1.25
40.431 0.55556

M BC M CB

47.490 kN .m

26.207 4 17.471 47.490

44.909 kN
2
4

At po int of zero shear

VAB

44.909
1.7316 m
26.207
1
M POS 44.9091.7136 17.471 21.007 kN m
2
x

57.325 kN.m

CASE 3

FEM ' s
1
19.407 42 25.876 kN .m
12
25.876 0.44444
MB
1.25
54.594 0.55556

M AB M BA

52.287 kN .m

ANS:

26.207 5 52.287 27.299

70.515 kN
2
5

70.515
x
2.6907 m
26.207
1
M POS 70.515 2.6907 52.287 42.580 kN m
2

VBC

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

15

WL M L M R

2
2
F 0

VL

VL
W

1
M POS VL x M L
2

16

DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED

RECTANGULAR BEAM
Designer: RC1, V-3
Project: STRINGER
Date: AUGUST 2005
BEAM ID
Left End
M (kn.m)
Main Bar, mm
Stirrups, mm
Choose
R, MPa
Reqd bd, mm
Choose b
Reqd d
Reqd h
Choose h
Actual d
X
Reqd
Use
Reqd As
No. of Bars, n

max = 0.002784
min = 0.00507
m = 15.686

fc = 20.7 Mpa
fy = 276 Mpa

Midspan
17.471
12
10
150
350
314
0.0047557
0.004948
0.00507
238.80
3

AB
Right End
21.007
12
10
150
350
314
0.0059182
0.0061104
0.0081472
383.73
4

Left End
57.325
16 (given)
10 (given)
0.02
4.65412
15.686x10
150
302.06
360.06
350
292
0.016862
0.019999
0.019999
385.53
5

Midspan
57.325
-

BC
Right End
42.58
12
10
150
350
314
0.0011905
0.0010218
0.00507
237.28
5

27.229
12
10
150
350
314
0.0074310
0.0079234
0.00507
238.79
3

COMPUTATIONS:
0.85 20.37

276

max 0.85 0.75

min
m

600
600 276 0.02784

1.4
20.7
0.00507 or
0.00412
2.76
4 276

fy
276

15.686
0.85 f ' c 0.85 20.7

fy
R fy 1
4.65
1.7 f ' c

Mu 57.325 x10 6
Re q' d bd 2

13.686 x10 6
R
0.90 4.65
X

Mu
57.325 x10 6

0.016862
bd 2 fy 0.90150 302.06 2 276

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

min 0.00507
Re q ' d d

Mu
13.686
1000 302.06 m.

Rb
150

Re q' d h d conc cov er b d Stirrups

2

h 302.06 40

16
10
2

h 360.06 m.

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Re q ' d

1 1 2mX 1 1 215.686 0.016862

m
15.686

0.019999
Re q ' d As req 'd bd 150 292 0.019999

Actual d h conc cov er b d S

2

16

350 40 10 292 m.
2

As 875.96mm 2
no. of bars, n

As 879.96

4.37 say 5 pcs.

Ab
2
16
4

Note:
use if min

4
or min (whichever is smaller governs)
3
if min

CONCRETE COVER
Slab = 20 mm
Beam: interior = 40 or 50 mm
Exposed = 75 mm

QUIZ:
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

I
L
3500

145.83 mm say 150 mm

24
24
b) WD 0.15 x 23.6 0.4 0.8 1.0 5.74 kPa
a)

Smax ; s 450 mm
s 3 x 150 450 mm

122
Ab
4
s

418.88 mm (governs)
g h 0.0018150

WL 2.4 kPa
Wu 1.4 x 5.74 1.7 x 2.40 12.116 kPa

Re q ' d s s max

c)

Use s 272.64 mm say 271 mm

1
12.116 3.52 14.8421 kN
10
1
12.116 3.52 10.6015 kN
Max Pos M
14
30
1.4
d) min
0.0033075 or
0.0033816
4 414
414
(governs)
Max Neg M

14.8421x10 6
0.00250906
0.901000 126 2 414

12

d 150 - 20
124 mm
2

414
m
16.235
0.85 30

1 1 216.235 0.00250906
0.0025624 min
16.235

4
0.0033454 min
3
use 0.0033454

12 2
Ab
4
Re q ' d s

272.64 mm
0.003454124

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

II Case 1 Loading
FEM ' s

Wu 1.4 x 45 1.7 x 20 97 kN / m

M BA 1.25 x

97 4.52
204.61 kN .m
12

1
97 6 2 291 kN m
12
Final Moments
1
MA
97 4.52 81.844 kN m
24
M B 204.61 x 0.5 291 x 0.5 247.805 kN m
M BC

M C 291

1
291 204.61 0.5 312.60 kN m
2

II Case 2 Loading

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

From Pr oportion of the results in case 1

80
67.5 kN m
97
80
M B 247.805 x
204.38 kN m
97
80
M C 312.60 x
257.81 kN m
97
1
4.5 4 0.57143
DFBa
1
1
7

4.5 6
DFBa 0.42857
M A 81.844 x

FEM ' s

17 4.5 2
35.859 kN m
12

M BA 1.25

17 6 2
76.5 kN m
12
Final Moments

M BC 1.5

MB

1
17 4.5 2 14.34 kN m
24
35.859 35.859 76.5 x 0.57143 28.348 kN m

MA

MC 0

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 12:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

One-Way Slabs and Stringers

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7