Porosity -permeability correlation

(data from Darling, 2005)

Core data:
Core description

Porosity and permeability

from Conventional Core Analysis

Depth in m
616.0 ... 622.5

Lithology
shale

622.5 ... 625.0

625.0 ... 626.5
626.5 ... 637.5

sandstone
limestone
sandstone

637.5 ... 639.0

639.0 ... 652.0

shale
sandstone

Depth in m
620
622
624
626
628
630
632
634
636
638
640
642

plug porosity
0.020
0.020
0.111

kh in md
0.01
0.02
22

0.095
0.156
0.150
0.075
0.105
0.060
0.179
0.156

10.5
135.6
120
11
15.3
0.8
350
130

plug porosity

0.010

Plot permeability versus porosity:

1000

f(x) = 553577.73 x^4.50

R = 0.98

kh in md

100

10
sandsto
ne

0.1

0.01
0.010

0.100
phi

1.000

00

kh in md

0.03

note: the data point for limestone is eliminated for regression

Derived regression:

k h =5 . 5410

4.5

where permeability is in md and porosity as fraction

sandsto
ne

Capillary Pressure Curves

(data from Darling, 2005)
Core data (SCAL):

permeability k

67

System:
Sample
porosity phi
permeability k

Air-Brine
4
0.179
278

Pressure Pc
in psi
3

Sw
0.861

10
25
50
125
200

0.617
0.388
0.290
0.239
0.216

Pressure Pc
in psi
3
10
25
50
125
200

0.730
0.430
0.282
0.214
0.176
0.144

Pc in psi .

Air-Brine
1
0.131

a) Capillary Pressure Curve

(laboratory data air-brine) in psi
200
150

1
4

100
50
0
0.000

above free water level in m .

System:
Sample
porosity phi

0.200

0.400 0.600
Sw

0.800

1.000

c) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus elevation above FWL in m

200.00
150.00

1
4

100.00

above free water level in m .

c) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus elevation above FWL in m

200.00
150.00

1
4

100.00
50.00
0.00
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000
Sw

Conversion from air-brine (laboratory) to kerosene-brine (reservoir)

Depth of FWL (m) = 646
Parameter:
cos
System
Air/Brine
72
Kerosene/Brine
26
Capillary pressure in kPa

depth
in m
641.61

air-brine
20.68

kerosene/brine
7.47

above
FWL in m
4.39

68.94
172.35
344.70
861.75
1378.80

24.90
62.24
124.48
311.19
497.90

14.64
36.61
73.22
183.05
292.88

631.36
609.39
572.78
462.95
353.12

elevation
above
FWL in m
4.39
14.64
36.61
73.22
183.05
292.88

depth

Capillary pressure in kPa

air-brine
20.68
68.94
172.35
344.70
861.75
1378.80

kerosene/brine
7.47
24.90
62.24
124.48
311.19
497.90

in m
641.61
631.36
609.39
572.78
462.95
353.12
a)

1
4

b) Capillary Pressure Curve

(converted to kerosene-brine) in kPa

Sw - Sw,irr

Pc in kPa .

ressure Curve
a air-brine) in psi

500.00

1.000

f(x) = 0.826 x^
R = 0.973

400.00
1

300.00

200.00
100.00

0.800

0.00
0.000

1.000

e Curve versus elevation above FWL in m

0.100
1.00

0.200

0.400 0.600
Sw

0.800

1.000

d) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus depth in m

depthl in m .

0.600
Sw

elevation

350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
550.00

1
4

0 1.000

depthl in m .

e Curve versus elevation above FWL in m

d) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus depth in m

350.00
400.00
450.00

1
4

500.00
550.00
600.00
650.00
0.000 0.200 0.400 Sw0.600 0.800 1.000

Analyse using Leverett function

J (Sw )=Pc(Sw )

Analyse using Thomeer's equation

k
1

cos

V b, Pc
=e
V b , P

Sw,irr = 0.05
J-function calculated
Sw-Sw,irr
0.811
0.567
0.338
0.240
0.189
0.166

( )

Input parameters

from laboratory data (in kPa)

air-brine
kerosine-brine
0.94
6.50
3.14
7.85
15.71
39.26
62.82

G
P
log c
Pd

(iterative approximation)
sample 1
G
-1.5
pd in psi
1

21.65
54.14
108.27
270.68
433.08

V b ,

1.64
5.47
13.68
27.37
68.42
109.47

V b , pc

=e

1. 5
log ( p

0.08

V b , pc
0 . 08

=e

1. 5
log ( p

6.50
21.65
54.14
108.27
270.68
433.08
b) Thomeer (air-brine s ys tem )

a) J-function
300

1.000
f(x) = 0.826 x^-0.440
R = 0.973

Pc in ps i

Sw - Sw,irr

0.12

0 . 12
0.680
0.380
0.232
0.164
0.126
0.094

sample 4
-1.5

Lab-data sample 1

250

Thomeer curve set 1

Lab-data sample 4

200

Thomeer curve set 4

150

0.100
1.00

100

10.00
J-function

100.00
50
0
0.000

0.200

0.400

Sw

0.600

0.800

1.000

V b , pc

0 . 08

=e

1. 5
log ( p

ys tem )

ata sample 1

eer curve set 1

ata sample 4

eer curve set 4

600

0.800

1.000

Variable

Sample 1

Sample 2

Pc

Vb,Pc

Vb,Pc

5
10

1.026
0.538

0.684
0.359

15
20
25
25
30
40
50
70
100
150
200
250
300

0.430
0.380
0.351
0.351
0.331
0.306
0.290
0.271
0.254
0.239
0.230
0.224
0.220

0.286
0.253
0.234
0.234
0.221
0.204
0.193
0.180
0.169
0.159
0.154
0.150
0.147

Archie parameter
Part 1: Formation factor (F) vs. Porosity (phi)
Scal analyses data
For regression with two parameters (a and m) the first table (SCAL data) is used and plotted in plot a)
For regression with one parameters (m) the second table (logarithms of data) is used and plotted in plot b)
porosity
0.10
0.15
0.17
0.08
0.14
0.13

F
89.3
44.0
33.4
133.4
43.3
58.2

f(x) = 1.28 x^-1.84

R = 0.99

log por
-1.000
-0.824
-0.770
-1.097
-0.854
-0.886

log F
1.951
1.643
1.524
2.125
1.636
1.765
f(x) = N.aN x^N.aN
R = N.aN

a)

2.000

log (F)

1000.0

100.0

1.800

f(x) = - 1.958x
R = 1.000

1.600
1.400

10.0

1.200
1.0
0.01

0.10
phi

1.00

1.000
-1.000

-0.900

-0.8

Part 2: Resistivity index (IR) vs.water saturation (Sw)

used and plotted in plot a)

Plug 1 Scal analyses data

a) is used and plotted in plot b)

f(x) = 1.00 x^-2.19

R = 1.00

b)

1000.000

2.000
1.800

f(x) = - 1.958x
R = 1.000
100.000

1.600

IR

log (F)

x) = N.aN x^N.aN
= N.aN

phi = 0.17
Sw
I=Rt/Ro
1
1.000
0.8
1.612
0.6
2.956
0.4
8.056
0.35
10.150
0.3
12.890
0.28
16.200

1.400
10.000

1.200
1.000
-1.000

-0.900

-0.800
-0.700
log (phi)

-0.600

-0.500

1.000
0.1

Sw

Result: For Log Analysis is used:

a=
m=
n=

vs.water saturation (Sw)

Sw

Analysis is used:
1.00
1.96
2.19

phi
0.02
0.1
1

F
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