2.

3 EXAMPLE 2
Analyse an uncovered reinforced concrete tank of dimensions 6.0m x 6.0m x
6.0m with walls and base 200mm thick. The tank is filled with water and rests on
rigid ground.
The following is the STAAD .std file for a model of the tank.
STAAD SPACE FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF TANK STRUCTURE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 10-Feb-04
END JOB INFORMATION
UNIT MET KNS
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 0 1.5 0; 3 0 3.0 0; 4 0 4.5 0; 5 0 6.0 0; 6 1.5 0 0 ;
7 1.5 1.5 0; 8 1.5 3.0 0; 9 1.5 4.5 0; 10 1.5 6.0 0; 11 3.0 0 0 ;
12 3.0 1.5 0; 13 3.0 3.0 0 ; 14 3.0 4.5 0; 15 3.0 6.0 0;
16 4.5 0 0; 17 4.5 1.5 0; 18 4.5 3.0 0; 19 4.5 4.5 0 ; 20 4.5 6.0 0; 21 6.0 0 0 ; 22
6.0 1.5 0; 23 6.0 3.0 0;
24 6.0 4.5 0; 25 6.0 6.0 0; 26 6.0 0 1.5; 27 6.0 1.5 1.5 ;
28 6.0 3.0 1.5; 29 6.0 4.5 1.5; 30 6.0 6.0 1.5 ; 31 6.0 0 3.0;
32 6.0 1.5 3.0; 33 6.0 3.0 3.0; 34 6.0 4.5 3.0; 35 6.0 6.0 3.0 ;
36 6.0 0 4.5; 37 6.0 1.5 4.5; 38 6.0 3.0 4.5; 39 6.0 4.5 4.5 ; 40 6.0 6.0 4.5 ; 41
6.0 0 6.0; 42 6.0 1.5 6.0; 43 6.0 3.0 6.0; 44 6.0 4.5 6.0; 45 6.0 6.0 6.0 ; 46 4.5 0
6.0; 47 4.5 1.5 6.0; 48 4.5 3.0 6.0; 49 4.5 4.5 6.0; 50 4.5 6.0 6.0 ; 51 3.0 0 6.0;
52 3.0 1.5 6.0; 53 3.0 3.0 6.0; 54 3.0 4.5 6.0; 55 3.0 6.0 6.0 ;
56 1.5 0 6.0; 57 1.5 1.5 6.0 ; 58 1.5 3.0 6.0; 59 1.5 4.5 6.0;
60 1.5 6.0 6.0; 61 0 0 6.0; 62 0 1.5 6.0; 63 0 3.0 6.0;
64 0 4.5 6.0; 65 0 6.0 6.0; 66 0 0 4.5; 67 0 1.5 4.5; 68 0 3.0 4.5; 69 0 4.5 4.5; 70
0 6.0 4.5; 71 0 0 3.0;
72 0 1.5 3.0; 73 0 3.0 3.0 ; 74 0 4.5 3.0; 75 0 6.0 3.0; 76 0 0 1.5; 77 0 1.5 1.5 ;
78 0 3.0 1.5; 79 0 4.5 1.5;
80 0 6.0 1.5; 81 1.5 0 1.5; 82 1.5 0 3.0; 83 1.5 0 4.5;
84 3.0 0 1.5; 85 3.0 0 3.0; 86 3.0 0 4.5; 87 4.5 0 1.5;
88 4.5 0 3.0; 89 4.5 0 4.5;
ELEMENT INCIDENCES SHELL
1 1 2 7 6; 2 2 3 8 7; 3 3 4 9 8; 4 4 5 10 9; 5 6 7 12 11; 6 7 8 13 12;
7 8 9 14 13; 8 9 10 15 14; 9 11 12 17 16; 10 12 13 18 17;
11 13 14 19 18; 12 14 15 20 19; 13 16 17 22 21; 14 17 18 23 22;
15 18 19 24 23; 16 19 20 25 24; 17 21 22 27 26; 18 22 23 28 27;
19 23 24 29 28; 20 24 25 30 29; 21 26 27 32 31; 22 27 28 33 32;
23 28 29 34 33; 24 29 30 35 34; 25 31 32 37 36; 26 32 33 38 37;
27 33 34 39 38; 28 34 35 40 39; 29 36 37 42 41; 30 37 38 43 42;
31 38 39 44 43; 32 39 40 45 44; 33 41 42 47 46; 34 42 43 48 47;
35 43 44 49 48; 36 44 45 50 49; 37 46 47 52 51; 38 47 48 53 52;
39 48 49 54 53; 40 49 50 55 54; 41 51 52 57 56; 42 52 53 58 57;
43 53 54 59 58; 44 54 55 60 59; 45 56 57 62 61; 46 57 58 63 62;
47 58 59 64 63; 48 59 60 65 64; 49 61 62 67 66; 50 62 63 68 67;
51 63 64 69 68; 52 64 65 70 69; 53 66 67 72 71; 54 67 68 73 72;
55 68 69 74 73; 56 69 70 75 74; 57 71 72 77 76; 58 72 73 78 77;

59 73 74 79 78; 60 74 75 80 79; 61 76 77 2 1; 62 77 78 3 2;
63 78 79 4 3; 64 79 80 5 4; 65 1 6 81 76; 66 76 81 82 71;
67 71 82 83 66; 68 66 83 56 61; 69 6 11 84 81; 70 81 84 85 82;
71 82 85 86 83; 72 83 86 51 56; 73 11 16 87 84; 74 84 87 88 85;
75 85 88 89 86; 76 86 89 46 51; 77 16 21 26 87; 78 87 26 31 88;
79 88 31 36 89; 80 89 36 41 46;
ELEMENT PROPERTY
1 TO 80 THICKNESS 0.20
CONSTANTS
E 20000000.0 ALL
SUPPORTS
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 TO 89 PINNED
LOAD 1
ELEMENT LOAD
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 PR 15.
3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 PR 30.
2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 PR 45. 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33
37 41 45 49 53 57 61 PR 60.
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT JOINT DISPLACMENTS LIST 5 25 45 65
PRINT ELEMENT FORCE LIST 9 TO 16
DRAW ROTA X -20 Y 30 Z 20 STR 1
FINISH
The following is part of the STAAD output for the displacements, element forces,
stresses, etc, at the locations indicated in the input file.
63. PRINT JOINT DISPLACMENTS LIST 5 25 45 65
FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF TANK STRUCTURE
JOINT DISPLACEMENT (CM RADIANS) STRUCTURE TYPE = SPACE -----------------JOINT LOAD X-TRANS Y-TRANS Z-TRANS X-ROTAN Y-ROTAN Z-ROTAN
5 1 -0.0029 -0.0003 -0.0029 0.0001 0.0000 -0.0001 25 1 0.0029 -0.0003 -0.0029
0.0001 0.0000 0.0001
45 1 0.0029 -0.0003 0.0029 -0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 65 1 -0.0029 -0.0003 0.0029
-0.0001 0.0000 -0.0001
64 . PRINT ELEMENT FORCE LIST 9 TO 16
FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF TANK STRUCTURE
ELEMENT FORCES FORCE,LENGTH UNITS= KNS MET
-------------FORCE OR STRESS = FORCE/UNIT WIDTH/THICK, MOMENT = FORCE-LENGTH/UNIT
WIDTH
ELEMENT LOAD QX QY MX MY MXY VONT VONB FX FY FXY
9 1 322.03 24.89 -6.52 6.89 6.55 2594.11 2279.42 39.19 177.12 58.53 TOP :
SMAX= 1631.24 SMIN= -1360.09 TMAX= 1495.67 ANGLE= -22.0 BOTT: SMAX=
1395.94 SMIN= -1234.46 TMAX= 1315.20 ANGLE = -22.3
10 1 32.21 -104.02 22.55 27.88 5.06 4315.25 3841.25 -51.93 388.84 28.70 TOP :
SMAX= 4952.95 SMIN= 2948.25 TMAX= 1002.35 ANGLE= -25.9 BOTT: SMAX=
-2861.72 SMIN= -4365.67 TMAX= 751.97 ANGLE = -38.1
11 1 -61.01 -101.23 13.25 30.74 -0.05 4418.73 3607.97 -47.38 445.41 -21.84

TOP : SMAX= 5056.75 SMIN= 1939.18 TMAX= 1558.78 ANGLE= 0.5 BOTT:
SMAX= -2034.12 SMIN= -4165.74 TMAX= 1065.81 ANGLE= -0.4
12 1 -39.29 -88.67 1.04 26.72 0.28 4287.26 3580.09 0.30 354.46 -14.06 TOP :
SMAX= 4362.88 SMIN= 155.47 TMAX= 2103.71 ANGLE= -0.4 BOTT: SMAX=
-154.15 SMIN= -3654.67 TMAX= 1750.26 ANGLE= -0.9
13 1 -2.80 -94.45 -5.15 -9.80 7.19 2416.03 2137.97 -39.19 144.56 145.84 TOP :
SMAX= 181.92 SMIN= -2319.92 TMAX= 1250.92 ANGLE= 39.1 BOTT: SMAX=
2205.83 SMIN= 142.90 TMAX= 1031.47 ANGLE= 32.4
14 1 -76.30 -369.04 0.23 -22.18 5.07 3161.16 4043.74 51.93 520.22 27.13 TOP :
SMAX= 286.87 SMIN= -3007.95 TMAX= 1647.41 ANGLE= 14.3 BOTT: SMAX=
3983.43 SMIN= -118.04 TMAX= 2050.74 ANGLE= 10.5
15 1 -17.52 -326.06 -5.54 -28.81 -0.23 3559.42 4387.81 47.38 438.41 -37.17
TOP : SMAX= -781.48 SMIN= -3885.23 TMAX= 1551.88 ANGLE= -1.3 BOTT:
SMAX= 4760.39 SMIN= 877.91 TMAX= 1941.24 ANGLE= 0.0
16 1 4.67 -251.97 -8.13 -28.50 -0.26 3491.73 4139.45 -0.30 337.72 -17.83 TOP :
SMAX= -1219.29 SMIN= -3937.89 TMAX= 1359.30 ANGLE= -1.2 BOTT: SMAX=
4612.27 SMIN= 1219.73 TMAX= 1696.27 ANGLE= -0.3
********************END OF ELEMENT FORCES********************
3.0 SKELETAL STRUCTURES DYNAMIC LOAD
3.1 FUNDAMENTAL COMMANDS
The reader must first complete section 1.0. Only Time History dynamic analysis
by the application of forcing functions to nodes or members is covered in this
section (i.e. not ground motion time history dynamics).
There are 2 issues to consider in the use of STAAD for dynamic analysis - how
STAAD idealises the distribution of mass and how to apply the forcing function.
STAAD distributes the mass via the SELFWEIGHT command. When this is done,
the mass is lumped at the nodes. If this is an inadequate model of the mass
idealisation, the member concentrated load command CON can be used to tell
STAAD that significant masses are located there and their values. Also, the user
can split the member into shorter lengths by inserting nodes along the member.
In this case, the user can use the JOINT LOAD command to tell STAAD that a
significant mass is located there and its mass.
The SELFWEIGHT command is placed as the first line (or lines) of the commands
under the relevant LOAD command. If the CON or JOINT LOAD commands are
used, it is placed after the SELFWEIGHT command.
To apply a forcing function in STAAD at the nodes, or at a particular location, you
must first define the type of forcing function using the DEFINE TIME HISTORY
command. Note that a forcing function can only be applied at a node so if the
user wishes to apply the function to a point along a member, a node must be
placed there first.
You then use the TYPE i FORCE command along with its particular syntax
requirements. Finally, under the relevant LOAD command and after the mass
idealisation commands (i.e. SELFWEIGHT, CON, JOINT LOAD), you use the TIME
LOAD command. You can only use the TIME LOAD command in one load case.
3.2 EXAMPLE 3
A one-storey reinforced concrete structure of plan dimensions 10.0m x 4.572m
supports several loads: a mass of 120 kN at the mid-span of one of the long

beams, point loads of 30kN at the floor level in the long direction, and a floor
load of 6.0 kN/m2 . The columns are 0.3m x 0.3m and the beams are 0.45m deep
x 0.3m wide. If the mass vibrates at 2.5 Hz for 10 cycles, estimate the
amplification factor for the bending moment in the beam under the mass?
The following is a STAAD model of the structure, loads, and assumed load
factors.
STAAD SPACE EXAMPLE 3
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 0 4.572 0; 3 0 0 4.572; 4 10 0 4.572; 5 10 0 0 ; 6 0 4.572
4.572 ;
7 10 4.572 0; 8 10 4.572 4.572; 10 5 4.572 4.572 ;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 3 6; 3 4 8; 4 5 7; 6 2 7; 7 2 6; 8 7 8; 10 10 8; 11 6 10;
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
1 TO 4 PRIS YD 0.3 ZD 0.3
6 TO 8 10 11 PRIS YD 0.45 ZD 0.3
CONSTANTS
E 2.5e+007 MEMB 1 TO 4 6 TO 8 10 11
POISSON 0.17 MEMB 1 TO 4 6 TO 8 10 11
ALPHA 1.2e-011 MEMB 1 TO 4 6 TO 8 10 11
DENSITY CONCRETE MEMB 1 TO 4 6 TO 8 10 11
SUPPORTS
1 3 TO 5 FIXED
*INPUT THE TYPE OF FORCING FUNCTION HERE
DEFINE TIME HISTORY
TYPE 1 FORCE
FUNCTION SINE
*THE NEXT LINE IS A FORCE OF AMPLITUDE 120 KN VIBRATING AT 2.5 HZ FOR
10 SEC
AMPLITUDE 120 FREQUENCY 2.5 CYCLES 10
ARRIVAL TIME
0
DAMPING 0.05
LOAD 1 FLOOR LOAD
SELFWEIGHT Y -1 FLOOR LOAD
YRANGE 0 6 FLOAD -6
LOAD 2 JOINT LOAD
JOINT LOAD 2 6 FX 30
10 FY -120
*IN THE NEXT LINE YOU MUST INPUT THE LOAD DUE TO THE MASS THOUGH YOU
*USE THE JOINT LOAD CMD IN THE TIME HISTORY CMDs TO TELL STAAD THAT A
MASS
*IS THERE AND IN WHAT DIRECTIONS IT IS CAPABLE OF MOVING
LOAD 3 TIME HISTORY LOAD
SELFWEIGHT X 1

SELFWEIGHT Y 1
SELFWEIGHT Z 1
*THE JOINT LOAD COMMAND IS USED TO TELL STAAD THE ACTIVE MASS AT A
JOINT
JOINT LOAD
10 FY 120
TIME LOAD
*THE FORCING FUNCTION MUST BE APPLIED TO A JOINT HENCE THE FY
10 FY 1 1
LOAD COMB 4 FLOOR PLUS JOINT
1 1.5 2 1.2
LOAD COMB 5 FLOOR PLUS JOINT PLUS VIBRATION
1 1.5 2 1.2 3 1.0
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT MEMBER FORCES LIST 11 FINISH
The relevant STAAD output is:
CALCULATED FREQUENCIES FOR LOAD CASE 3
MODE FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC) PERIOD(SEC)
1 3.050 0.32782
2 3.796 0.26346
3 3.899 0.25646
MASS PARTICIPATION FACTORS IN PERCENT -------------------------------------MODE X Y Z SUMM-X SUMM-Y SUMM-Z
1 0.00 58.69 0.00 0.000 58.691 0.003 2 99.93 0.00 0.00 99.925 58.691 0.003 3
0.00 0.00 97.57 99.925 58.693 97.576
61. PRINT MEMBER FORCES LIST 11
MEMBER END FORCES STRUCTURE TYPE = SPACE
----------------ALL UNITS ARE -- KN METE
MEMBER LOAD JT AXIAL SHEAR-Y SHEAR-Z TORSION MOM-Y MOM-Z
11 1 6 23.95 68.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 73.21
10 -23.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 126.05 2 6 38.45 53.82 0.00 0.00 0.03 63.06
10 -38.45 -53.82 0.00 0.00 -0.03 206.01 3 6 -90.99 -232.35 0.13 0.00 0.34
-364.06 10 90.99 232.35 -0.13 0.00 -0.30 -797.72 4 6 82.06 167.79 0.00 0.00
0.03 185.50
10 -82.06 -64.58 0.00 0.00 -0.03 436.29 5 6 -8.93 -64.57 0.13 0.00 0.37 -178.56
10 -173.04 -296.93 0.13 0.00 0.27 1234.01
************** END OF LATEST ANALYSIS RESULT **************
Hence from the output for load 5 and load 4, and at joint 10, the amplification
factor is 1234.01/436.29 = 2.82
This relatively high amplification occurs because the forcing function frequency
of 2.5 Hz is not far from the natural frequencies of the structure of 3.050 to 3.899
Hz.