Data Communication &

Networking

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

What is Network ?

Computers are connected together

The connection facilitate exchange of Information and sharing

resources.

Information can be in form of data, images, audio or video.

Information travels in the form of electric and electromagnetic

signals over the network through transmission media which can
be wired or wireless.

The data is sent in form of packet through connection.

Two types of network connection

Point to Point connection

Point to Multi-point connection

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

Point to Point connection

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

Point to Multi-point connection

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

Advantages of Networking

Providing Communication Medium

Enable Sharing Resources

In case of failure of one machine user can work on another.

Cost Efficient

User can share resources regardless of location.

Offer Reliability

Network Facilitate a group of people working on same Project

Network allows sharing of expensive resources like Printers,

Storage drives etc.

Provide Security

Data, Software and Hardware can be restricted on network by

giving access only to valid users.

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

Types of Network
Classification based on Geographical area

LAN (Local area network)

Small network within building / campus

Area upto 10km

Uses cable media

MAN (Metropolitan area network)

Larger than a LAN

Covers the are of city

Different transmission media are used.

WAN (Wide area network)

Connects numbers of cities / countries

Different transmission media are used.

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

LAN

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

MAN

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

WAN

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

Difference between LAN & WAN

LAN

group of computers
connected together,
usually within the same
organization

Area is limited

High data transfer rate

(Fast)

Setup cost is less

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

WAN

WAN is not restricted to

a geographical location

No restriction on Area

Low data transfer rate

(Generally slow )

Setup cost is high

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

10

Types of Network

Classification based on computing model

Client-Server Architecture

Peer to Peer Model

Hybrid network

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

11

LAN Components

Set of Computers and peripherals like printers &

other devices that make the network.

Networking hardware that ties the individual

computer together.

Cables, Connector, NIC, Repeaters, Switching devices.

Network Software includes drivers protocols and

client software that enables you to build a
network.

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

12

Network Topology

The layout of the network is called the network

topology.

Topology refers to the way in which the end

points or stations, attached to the network, are
interconnected.

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

13

MESH Topology

Merits

Less downtime as there

is redundancy

Demerits

Expensive

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

14

STAR Topology

Merits

Trouble shooting is easy

Speed is more hence

performance is better

Demerits

Central switching device

is required hence
expensive compared to
BUS

Cable length is more

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

15

BUS Topology

Merits

Easy to install

Less cabling, Less expensive

Demerits

Trouble shooting is difficult is one problem collapse

complete network

Signal strength is degraded with distance

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

16

RING Topology

Merits

Easy to install

Less cabling, Less expensive

Demerits

One problem collapse complete network

Any node needs to wait for token to transmit

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

17

Communication Protocols

Protocol is a set of rules created for the

process of communication with another
computer.

Without Protocol communication will be

big chaos

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

18

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)

Standard Network Model

7 Layer Architecture

Application Layer

Presentation Layer

Session Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Data Link Layer

Physical Layer

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

19

OSI Network Layers

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

20

Function of each layer

Physical Layer

Data link layer

Establish session for communication process

Presentation Layer

Ensures end to end data delivery

Session Layer

Routing, Addressing

Transport Layer

Data link layer is responsible for ensuring error free and reliable
transmission of frames from one computer to another.

Network Layer

Sends bits physically from one computer to another.

Protocol conversion, Data Translation

Application Layer

Provide services to user

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

21

Why layered protocol?

Protocol layering is common technique to simplify network

design by dividing them into functional layers, and
assigning protocols to perform each layer's task. These
protocols can then be assembled into a useful whole.

Protocol layering produces simple protocols, each with a

few well-defined tasks.

Due to layering, changes in one protocol does not affect

others

Individual protocols can also be removed or replaced as

needed for particular applications.

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

22

Data Packets

Data Packets contain the following information

The data to be transmitted

A source address

A Destination address

Transmission instruction

Reassembling information

Error correction codes

Three parts of packet

Header

Data

Trailer

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

23

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

24

TCP/IP Model

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

25

TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP):

Protocol used by private networks to

transmit data over the Internet

TCP establishes & manages communication

sessions

IP provides packet routing & forwarding

services to higher network layers.

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

26

Networks & Protocols in TCP/IP Model

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

27

TCP/IP Protocols

Application Layer

FTP File Transfer

Protocol
SMTP Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol
DNS Domain Name
Services
Telnet for Remote Login

Internet Layer

IP Internet Protocol

ICMP Internet control

Message Protocol

IGMP Internet Group

management protocol

Host to Network Layer

ARP - Address resolution

protocol

RARP Reverse Address

resolution protocol

Transport Layer

TCP Transmission
control protocol

UDP User datagram

protocol

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

28

Communication using TCP/IP

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

29

References
1. Andrew S Tanenbaum, Computer Networks,
Prentice Hall India, 3rd edition 2002
2. B.A.Forouzan, Data Communications and
Networking Tata Mcgraw Hill, 3nd Edition 2004
3. William Stallings, Data & Computer
Communications, Prentice Hall India, 5th edition.

Prof Nehal N Shah

Associate Professor
ECED, SCET

Data Communication & Networking

Introduction

30