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CNG TC HON THIN TRONG XY DNG - THI CNG V NGHIM THU - PHN 1: CNG TC
LT V LNG TRONG XY DNG
Finish works in construction - Execution and acceptance - Part 1: Paving and Smoothing works
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut chnh v hng dn trnh t thi cng, kim tra v
nghim thu cht lng cng tc lt v lng trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm cng b th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th p
dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 1450:2009, Gch rng t st nung.
TCVN 1451:1998, Gch c t st nung.
TCVN 4314:2003, Va xy dng. Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 4732:2007, p lt t nhin.
TCVN 6065:1995, Gch xi mng lt nn.
TCVN 6074:1995, Gch lt granito.
TCVN 6476:1999, Gch b tng t chn.
TCVN 7745:2007, Gch gm p lt bn p kh. Yu cu k thut
TCVN 7960:2008, Vn sn g. Yu cu k thut.
3. Thut ng v nh ngha
3.1
Vt liu lt (Paving material)
Gch lt v tm lt.
3.2
Gch lt (Paving brick)
Gch xi mng, gch t nung, gch ceramic, gch granit, t nhin, nhn to dng lt.
3.3
Lp nn (Basal layer)
Lp nm ngay di lp lt hoc lng.
3.4
Mt lt (Paving surface)
B mt lp lt sau khi hon thin.
3.5
Mt lng (Smoothing surface)
B mt lp lng sau khi hon thin.
3.6
Vt liu gn kt (Material for adhesives)
Vt liu dng gn kt vt liu lt vi lp nn.
3.7
Mch lt (Joint)
Khong cch gia cc vin gch lt hoc tm lt k nhau.
3.8
Cht lm y mch (Sealant)
Vt liu lin kt lm y mch lt.
4. Cng tc lt
4.1 Yu cu k thut
4.1.1 Vt liu
4.1.1.1 Gch lt, tm lt phi t yu cu k thut v cht lng, chng loi, kch thc, mu sc.
4.1.1.2 Vt liu gn kt phi m bo cht lng, nu thit k khng quy nh th thc hin theo yu cu
ca nh sn xut vt liu lt.
4.1.2 Lp nn
4.1.2.1 Mt lp nn phi m bo phng, chc chn, n nh, c bm dnh vi vt liu gn kt v
c lm sch tp cht.
4.1.2.2 Cao lp nn ph hp vi vt liu lt ph bn trn. dc ca lp nn theo yu cu k thut.
4.1.2.3 Vi vt liu gn kt l keo, nha hoc tm lt t trc tip ln lp nn th mt lp nn phi m
bo tha mn yu cu nu trong Bng 1 ca tiu chun ny.
4.1.2.4 Trc khi lt phi kim tra v nghim thu lp nn v cc b phn b che khut (chi tit chn sn,
chng thm, h thng k thut v.v).
4.1.3 Cht lng lp lt
4.1.3.1 Mt lt phi m bo cc yu cu v cao, phng, dc, dnh kt vi lp nn, chiu
dy vt liu gn kt, b rng mch lt, mu sc, hoa vn, hnh dng trang tr
4.1.3.2 Nu mt lt l cc vin thin nhin, nn chn cc vin k nhau c mu sc v ng
vn hi ha.
4.1.3.3 Vi gch lt dng va lm vt liu gn kt th va phi c tri u trn lp nn m bo
gia vin gch lt v lp nn c lt y va.
4.1.3.4 Mt lt ca tm sn g khng c c vt nt, cong vnh. Mt lt ca tm lt mm khng c
phng rp, nhn nheo.
Dung sai dc
Gch xy t st nung
5 mm
2 cm
0,5 %
Gch lt t st nung
4 mm
2 cm
0,5 %
t nhin khng mi mt
3 mm
2 cm
0,5 %
3 mm
1 cm
0,3 %
Cc loi tm lt nh hnh
3 mm
1 cm
0,3 %
Loi vt liu lt
Gch xy t st nung
3,0 mm
Gch lt t st nung
3,0 mm
t nhin khng mi mt
3,0 mm
0,5 mm
Cc loi tm lt nh hnh
0,5 mm
Gch lt phi c nghim thu theo cc tiu chun vt liu tng ng. Trong tiu chun ny gch lt l
cc chng loi sau y:
- Gch xy t st nung TCVN 1450:2009, TCVN 1451:1998
- Gch lt gm trng men TCVN 7745:2007
- Gch lt xi mng, granito TCVN 6065:1995, TCVN 6074:1995
- Gch b tng t chn TCVN 6476:1999
- p lt t nhin v p lt nhn to c th tham kho TCVN 4732:2007, hoc theo yu cu ca
thit k.
CH THCH: i vi gch lt l da v gch lt t st nung, tham kho tiu chun hin hnh.
4.2.1.3 Chun b vt liu gn kt
Vic pha trn, s dng v bo qun vt liu gn kt phi tun theo yu cu ca loi vt liu. Vt liu gn
kt c th l va xi mng ct, va tam hp, nha polyme hoc keo dn.
Vi vt liu gn kt l va phi tun theo TCVN 4314:2003.
4.2.1.4 Dng c lt
Cn chun b y dng c cn thit cho cng tc lt nh: dao xy, bay lt, bay mit mch, thc tm
3 m, thc rt, ba cao su, my ct gch, my mi gch, c, chi t, gi lau, ni v hoc my trc c.
Dng c cn y v ph hp vi yu cu thi cng cho tng thao tc ngh nghip. Dng c h
hng v qu c, b mn, khng m bo chnh xc khi thi cng khng c s dng.
4.2.1.5 Tin hnh lt
Nu vt liu gn kt l va th va phi c tri u ln lp nn rng lt t 3 vin n 5 vin, sau
khi lt ht cc vin ny mi tri tip cho cc vin lin k.
Nu vt liu gn kt l keo dnh th tin hnh lt tng vin mt v keo phi c pht u ln mt gch
gn kt vi nn.
Nu mt lt ngoi tri th cn phi chia khe co dn vi khong cch ti a gia hai khe co dn l 4 m.
Nu thit k khng quy nh th ly b rng khe co dn bng 2 cm, chn khe co dn bng vt liu c kh
nng n hi.
Trnh t lt nh sau: cng dy v lt cc vin gch trn ng thng ni gia cc mc gn trn lp
nn. Sau lt cc vin gch nm trong phm vi cc mc cao chun, hng lt vung gc vi hng
lt trc . Hng lt chung cho ton nh hoc cng trnh l t trong li ra ngoi.
Trong khi lt thng xuyn dng thc tm 3 m kim tra phng ca mt lt. phng ca mt lt
c kim tra theo cc phng dc, ngang v cho. Thng xuyn kim tra cao mt lt cn c trn
cc mc cao tham chiu.
Khi lt phi ch sp xp cc vin gch ng hoa vn thit k.
4.2.1.6 Lm y mch lt
Cng tc lm y mch lt ch c tin hnh khi cc vin gch lt dnh kt vi lp nn. Trc khi
lm y mch lt, mt lt phi c v sinh sch s. Mch lm y xong, lau ngay cho ng mch sc
gn v v sinh mt lt khng cht lm y mch lt bm dnh lm bn mt lt.
4.2.1.7 Bo dng mt lt:
Sau khi lm y mch lt khng c va chm mnh trc khi vt liu gn kt rn.
Vi mt lt ngoi tri v vt liu gn kt l va, phi c bin php che nng v chng ma xi trong 1
ngy n 3 ngy sau khi lt.
4.2.2 Thi cng sn g
4.2.2.1 Chun b lp nn
Lp nn phi c cn b theo ng thit k. Trong trng hp tm sn g gn kt trc tip ln gi
hoc con k th cc chi tit ny phi c c nh chc chn bng vt hoc chng sn ln sn.
B mt lp nn phi kh ro.
4.2.2.2 Chun b tm sn g
Tm sn g phi ng chng loi g, kch thc, mu sc, m theo thit k. Tm sn g c th c
hon thin b mt trc hoc sau khi lt.
Vn sn g phi c nghim thu theo TCVN 7960:2008.
4.2.2.3 Chun b vt liu gn kt
Vt liu gn kt phi ng chng loi, m bo cht lng theo thit k, nu thit k khng quy nh th
thc hin theo yu cu ca nh sn xut vt liu lt. Vi vn sn g t nhin vt liu gn kt c th l
inh hoc vt.
4.2.2.4 Dng c lt
Cn chun b y dng c cn thit cho cng tc lt nh: ba, khoan, thc tm 3 m, thc rt, ke
bo, c, ca, chi t, gi lau, ni v hoc my trc c.
Dng c y v ph hp vi yu cu thi cng cho tng thao tc ngh nghip. Dng c h hng v
qu c, b mn, khng m bo chnh xc khi thi cng khng c s dng.
4.2.2.5 Tin hnh lt
Trc khi lt tm sn g t nhin phi nh v cc v tr t con k hoc bn vt bng cch nh du trn
lp nn. Khong cch gia cc con k v inh vt ph thuc vo kch thc tm sn g. Nu dng con
k th b mt cc con k phi m bo phng, n nh. Trc khi gn kt tm sn g vi lp nn phi
tin hnh ghp mng vi cc tm lin k v phi m bo mch lt kn kht, sau gn kt tm sn vi
lp nn bng inh hoc bt vt.
Khi lt tm sn g nhn to c cc lp cu to i km vt liu tm lt phi tun th theo ng ch nh
ca nh sn xut, keo dnh phi c pht u ti cc mp tm lt, sau ghp mch lt phi m bo
kn kht.
4.2.2.6 Hon thin mt lt
Trong trng hp s dng tm sn g cha hon thin b mt th sau khi ghp xong mt sn g phi
c bo phng, no nhn sau nh giy nhp t th n mn v cui cng nh xi bng, vc ni hoc
sn.
Vi tm sn g hon thin b mt th c th nh bng hoc sn ngay sau khi lt.
4.2.2.7 Bo dng mt lt
Mt lt phi c bo v, khng i li hoc va chm trong giai on thi cng lm bong xc mt hoc
mt bng.
4.2.3 Thi cng tm lt mm
Tm lt mm c th l tm nha tng hp, thm nha dng cun, tm thm, thm dng cun.
4.2.3.1 Chun b lp nn
Lp nn phi cng, n nh, c lm phng, v sinh sch s theo ng thit k.
Trong trng hp dng keo dn hoc bng dnh dn cc tm nha hoc thm dng cun th mt dn
phi c mi phng v lm sch bi trc khi pht lp keo dn.
4.2.3.2 Chun b tm lt
Tm lt phi ng chng loi, kch thc, mu sc.
Khe h vi thc 3 m
Dung sai dc
3 mm
1 cm
0,3 %
5.1.3.5 Cng vic k ch thc hin sau khi hon thnh cng tc lng. ng k cn u v chiu rng,
chiu su v sc nt. Nu dng qu ln c ht chng trn cng ln ngay khi lp xi mng mu cha rn.
5.1.4 An ton lao ng khi lng
5.1.4.1 Khi lng phi tun theo cc quy nh hin hnh v an ton lao ng, an ton phng chng chy
n.
5.1.4.2 Nu s dng my xoa b mt thc hin cng tc lng th cng nhn phi c o to v vn
hnh my trc khi thi cng. Lu an ton in v chng cc vt thi mi vng bn vo c th.
5.2 Quy trnh thi cng
5.2.1 Chun b lp nn
Lp nn phi c chun b theo thit k, nu thit k khng quy nh th theo yu cu ca nh sn xut
vt liu lng nn. Lp nn phi m bo phng, n nh.
Lp nn phi c bm dnh, lm sch v ti m trc khi lng.
Trng hp lng bng th cng, trn mt lp nn phi gn cc mc cao lng chun vi khong cch
gia cc mc khng qu 3 m.
5.2.2 Chun b vt liu lng
Vt liu lng phi ng chng loi, cht lng, mu sc. Vic pha trn, s dng v bo qun vt liu
lng phi tun theo yu cu ca nh sn xut vt liu. Vt liu lng c th l va xi mng ct hoc va
polyme.
Vi vt liu lng l va phi tun theo TCVN 4314:2003
5.2.3 Dng c lng
Gm bay xy, bay nh bng, thc tm 3 m, thc rt, ni v hoc my trc c, bn xoa tay hoc my
xoa, bn p, ln gai.
5.2.4 Tin hnh lng
Dn u vt liu lng trn mt lp nn, cao hn mt mc cao lt chun. Dng bn xoa p cho vt
liu lng c chc v bm cht vo lp nn. Dng thc tm cn phng cho bng mt mc. Sau dng
bn xoa xoa phng.
Vi mt lng c din tch ln phi dng my xoa phng b mt. Vic xoa bng my thc hin theo
trnh t sau: dng my trc c nh v ng ray ca my xoa trn phm vi lng, iu chnh chn my
cao thch hp, cp vt liu lng vo phm vi lng, iu khin my dng qu lu nh ln trn b mt
lng v cnh xoa xoa phng.
Vi nhng mt lng trn nn b tng c yu cu nh: tng cng b mt chng mi mn, axt phi
tun theo thit k hoc yu cu k thut ca nh sn xut vt liu. Nu thit k khng ch nh, thi cng
theo trnh t: sau khi b tng nn t 1 h n 2 h ri u cht lm cng b mt. i n khi cht lm
cng se mt, dng my xoa nn xoa bng b mt. Sau khi xoa bng b mt c th phun lp bo dng.
Trng hp lp lng cui cng bng va xi mng ct th kch thc ht ct liu ln nht khng qu 2
mm, xoa phng mt theo dc thit k.
5.2.5 Bo dng
Khi thi tit nng nng, kh hanh sau khi lng xong 1 h n 2 h, ph ln mt lng mt lp vt liu gi m,
ti nc trong 5 ngy.
Khng i li, va chm mnh trn mt lng trong 12 h sau khi lng.
Vi mt lng ngoi tri cn c bin php che nng v chng ma xi trong mt ngy n ba ngy sau
khi lng.
6. Kim tra v nghim thu
B mt lp nn
Vt liu gn kt
Cao mt lt v lng
phng mt lt v lng
dc mt lt v lng
Quan st bng mt
Theo ch nh ca thit k
MC LC
1 Phm vi p dng
2 Ti liu vin dn
3 Thut ng v nh ngha
4 Cng tc lt
4.1 Yu cu k thut
4.2 Quy trnh thi cng
5 Cng tc lng
5.1 Yu cu k thut
5.2 Quy trnh thi cng
6 Kim tra v nghim thu
6.1 Kim tra
6.2 Nghim thu