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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR OIL TYPE DISTRIBUTION

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FOR
OIL TYPE DISTRIBUTION
TRANSFORMER

Issued for Enquiry

REV.
NO.

DESCRIPTION

CONCEPT ENGINEERING
PROJECTS PVT. LTD.
DOCUMENT NO. : CE20082/EL/TS04
TOTAL SHEETS : 9

REV. 0

CE20082/EL/TS04

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CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE3

2.0 CODE AND STANDARD...3

3.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...4

4.0 AMBIENT CONDITIONS.......4
5.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS..4
6.0 TERMINAL AND MARSHALLING BOX..17

7.0 EARTHING.....18
8.0 FITTING AND ACESSORIES..........19
9.0 LIFTING AND HAULAGE FACILITIES..19
10.0 PAINTING..19

11.0 INSPECTION AND TESTING...20

12.0 SPARE PARTS..20
13.0 PACKING AND DESPATCH..21

1.0 SCOPE
The intent of this specification is to define the requirements for design, manufacture, testing,
packing and supply of oil type distribution transformers.

2.0

CODE AND STANDARDS

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The design, manufacture and performance of transformer shall comply with all currently
applicable statutory regulations and safety codes in the locality, where the equipment will be
installed. Nothing in this specification shall be construed to relieve the vendor of his
responsibility.
Unless otherwise specified, the equipment shall conform to the following latest applicable
standards:

CODES DESCRIPTION .

IS
IS
IS
IS
IS
IS
IS
IS
IS
IS
IS
IS
IS

: 2026 Part I
: 2026 Part 2
: 2026 Part 3
: 2026 Part 4
: 2026 Part 5
: 6600
: 335
: 3639
: 2099
: 3637
: 1666
: 3347
: 1271

Specification of power transformers

Temperature rise
Insulation levels and dielectric t etcs
Terminal markings, tapping and connections
Transformer / reactor bushings minimum external clearance in Air
Guide for loading of oil immersed transformer
Specification for new insulating oil for transformers and switchgears.
Specification for fittings and accessories for power transformers.
Bushings for alternating voltages above 1000 volts.
Specification for gas operated relays.
Copper conductors for transformer windings.
Dimensions for porcelain and transformer bushing.
Thermal evaluation and classification of electrical insulation.

Transformer shall also meet the requirements of Indian electricity rules, Fire Insurance association and
Electrical Inspectorate.
2.2

In case of imported motors, standards of the country of origin shall be applicable if these
standards are equivalent or stringent than the applicable Indian Standards.

2.3

The equipment shall also confirm to the provision of Indian Electricity rules and other statutory
regulations currently in force in the country.

2.4

In case Indian Standards are not available, Standard issued by IEC/BS/VDE/IEEE/NEMA or

equivalent agency shall be applicable.

2.5

In case of any contradiction between various referred standards / Specification / data sheets and
statutory regulations, the following order of priority shall govern:

Statutory regulations
Data sheets
Job specifications
This specification

3.0

Codes and standards

3.1

The offered equipment shall be brand new with state of the art technology and proven field track
record. No prototype equipment shall be offered.

3.2

Vendor shall ensure availability of spare parts and maintenance support services for the offered
equipment at least for 5 years from the date of supply.

3.3

Vendor shall give a notice of at least one year to the end user of equipment and EPC contractor

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

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before phasing out the product/spares to ensure the end user for placement of order for spares
and services.

4.0

AMBIENT CONDITIONS

Transformer shall be suitable for operating satisfactorily material handling plants Service
conditions shall be as specified in the motor data sheet. If not specifically mentioned therein, a
design ambient temperature of 45 deg. C and an altitude not exceeding 1000 meters above mean
sea level shall be taken into consideration. The relative humidity of 95% shall be considered.

5.0

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

5.0.1 General
5.0.1.1 This specification covers design, manufacture, inspection and testing at manufacturer's/ their sub
suppliers works, packing and forwarding, delivery at site storage, erection, testing and
commissioning of distribution transformers conforming to this specification and enclosed design
criteria.
5.0.1.2 Identical parts, particularly removable ones, shall be interchangeable. Exposed parts shall not
leave pockets where water can accumulate. Internal design of transformer shall ensure that air is
not trapped in any location. Materials in contact with oil shall be such, as not to contribute to the
formation of acid in oil. Surfaces in contact with oil shall not be galvanized or cadmium plated. All
parts of the transformer body, cores shall be of robust design capable of withstanding any shocks
to which they may be subjected during lifting, transport, installation and service. Transformer
tank design shall be of skid type. Noise and vibration shall be limited to low level. (5 dB as per
NEMA). Rating and diagram plates of stainless steel shall be provided for the transformer.
5.0.1.3 Tenderer shall also indicate deviation if any from this specification, in the offer.
5.0.1.4 Typical Arrangement
The transformers shall be oil filled, double wound, 3 phase, naturally cooled ONAN, outdoor
type.
5.0.1.5 Preferred sizes

220,000/66,000v
220000/33000v
132000/66000v
132000/33000v
66,000/33,000v
66000/11000v
66000/6600v
33000/11000v
33000/6600v
33000/690v
33000/415v
11000/415v
6,600/690v
6,600/415v

Please refer rating & qty. of transformer as per supplied BOQ.

5.0.2 Transformer Rating and Over loading

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5.0.2.1 Transformers shall be capable of delivering the rated current at a voltage equal to 105 percent of
the rated voltage without exceeding the temperature limits specified for oil, winding and hot spot.
5.0.2.2 Transformers shall operate satisfactorily without injurious heating at rated KVA, at any voltage
within 10% of the rated voltage of the particular tap.
5.0.2.3 Transformer shall be designed for 50 Hz 5% unless otherwise specified. Transformers for two
or more limits of voltage or frequency or both shall operate satisfactorily at its rated KVA without
injurious heating under all the rated conditions of voltage or frequency or both provided an
increase in voltage is not accompanied by decrease in frequency.
5.0.2.4 Transformers shall be suitable for over loading as per IS: 6600. Unless specified otherwise On
load tap changer/off circuit taps switch, terminal bushings, other auxiliary components /
equipments shall be designed for maximum permissible overloading. Short time over loading to
the extent of 50% shall be considered for this purpose, for all transformers, unless specified
otherwise.
5.0.2.5 Transformers rating shall be selected considering 20 % extra over the actual capacity for future
shall be considered.
5.0.2.6 Transformer rooms shall be sized to provide 1.25 M clearance on all sides of the transformer.
Further, grill typerolling shutters to be provided for transformers
5.0.2.7 Hot spot temp specified in the data sheet shall be based on design ambient temp.

5.0.3 Short circuit with stand capability

5.0.3.1 Transformers shall be capable of withstanding thermal and mechanical stresses during 3 phase,
line to line, double line to earth and line to ground dead short circuits at the transformer
terminals, for a period specified, without any injury. Temp. of the windings prior to the short
circuit shall be considered as max permissible value in the normal operation.
5.0.3.2 For this purpose, infinite supply system and solidly earthed systems shall be considered.

5.0.4 Vibration and noise level

5.0.4.1 Design and manufacture of transformer shall be such as to reduce noise and vibration level. The
noise level shall not be more than 5 dB above NEMA standard publication TR1 or as specified.

5.0.5 Harmonics
5.0.5.1 The transformer shall be designed with particular attention to the suppression of harmonics,
especially the third and fifth.

5.0.6 Flux density

5.0.6.1 The max. flux density in any part of the core and yokes, at normal voltage and frequency, shall be
such that the flux density under over voltage condition as per applicable clause of specification.
This shall not exceed the max permissible values for the type of laminations used and core
construction adopted.
5.0.6.2 Transformer shall be designed to withstand the following over fluxing conditions.
5.0.6.3 110% of max. flux density continuous (corresponding to rated voltage.) 140% for 5 seconds and
125% for 1 minute.

5.0.7 Magnetic circuit

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5.0.7.1 The cores shall be constructed from high grade, low loss, high permeability cold rolled nonageing
grain oriented silicon steel laminations. Thickness of laminations shall be 0.3 mm or less.
5.0.7.2 Surface insulation of laminations shall be rust resistant and have high inter laminar resistance.
Insulation shall withstand annealing temperature as high as 850 degrees centigrade. The
insulation shall be resistant to the action of hot oil.
5.0.7.3 The insulation structure for the core to bolts and core to clamp plates shall be such as to
withstand a voltage of 2000V AC for one minute.
5.0.7.4 Whenever the CRGO sheets are punched or sheared into laminations, laminations shall be
annealed in a nonoxidizing atmosphere to relieve stresses and restore the original magnetic
properties of CRGO sheets. The laminations shall be free of all burrs and sharp projections.
5.0.7.5 The design of magnetic circuit shall be such as to avoid static discharges, development of short
circuit paths with in itself or to the earthed clamping structure and production of flux components
at right angles to the plane of the laminations, which may cause local heating.
5.0.7.6 Oil ducts shall be provided where necessary to ensure adequate cooling. The winding structure
and major insulation shall not obstruct the free flow of oil in such ducts.
5.0.7.7 All steel sections used for supporting the core shall be shot or sand blasted after fabrication.
5.0.7.8 The finally assembled core and coil assembly shall be rigidly fixed to the tank to avoid shifting
during transport, handling and short circuits. Adequate provision shall be made for lifting the
complete core and coil assembly.
5.0.7.9 The supporting framework of the cores shall be so designed as to avoid the presence of pockets,
which would prevent complete emptying of the tank through the drain valve, or cause trapping of
air during filling.

5.0.1.4 Core
The design of the magnetic circuit shall be such as to avoid static discharges, development of short
circuit paths within itself or to the earthed clamping structure and the production of flux
components at right angles to the plane of the laminations which may cause local heating. The
magnetic circuit shall be of "core type" construction. The core shall be built out of high grade, non
ageing, low loss, high permeability, cold rolled grain oriented silicon steel laminations.
The finally assembled core shall be free from distortion. It shall be rigidly clamped to ensure
adequate mechanical strength & to prevent vibrations during operation.
The core shall be provided with lifting lugs suitable for lifting the complete core and coil assembly.
The core shall have facilities to be mechanically fixed centrally in the tank Cores shall be with cold
rolled steel having very low iron loss.

5.1

WINDING

5.1.1 Transformers shall be suitable for isolated/non effectively earthed neutral system as specified.

5.1.3 The coil clamping arrangement and the finished dimensions of any oil ducts shall be such as not
impede the free circulation of oil through the ducts.

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5.1.4 The windings and connections of all transformers shall be braced to withstand shocks, which may
occur during transport or due to short circuits, repeated peak loads and other transient
conditions during service.
5.1.5 Windings shall be subjected to a shrinkage treatment before final assembly, so that no further
shrinkage occurs during service. Adjustable device shall be provided for taking up any possible
shrinkage of coils in service.
5.1.6 The conductors shall be transposed at sufficient intervals in order to minimise eddy currents and
equalise the distribution of currents and temperature along the windings.

5.1.7 Coil clamping rings shall be of steel or of suitable insulating material. Axially laminated material
other than bakelised paper shall not be used.

5.1.8 Completed core and winding assembly shall be dried in full vacuum to eliminate presence of
moisture. After drying process, the full assembly shall be impregnated with oil immediately.

5.1.9 No strip conductor wound on edge shall have a width exceeding six times its thickness.

5.1.10 The winding material shall be copper.

5.1.11 Windings shall not have sharp bends, which might damage insulation and/or produce dielectric
stresses.

5.1.12 Coil shall be supported using dried and highpressure compressed wedge type insulation spacers
at frequent intervals.

5.1.13 All insulating materials used shall be compatible with transformer oil, under all service
conditions.

5.1.14 All threaded connections shall be locked. Leads from the winding to the terminal board and
bushings shall be rigidly supported to prevent injury during short circuits/vibration.

5.1.15 Permanent current carrying joints in the windings and leads shall be welded or brazed.

5.1.16 Clamping bolts for current carrying parts inside the transformer shall be compatible with oil
under all service conditions specified, to be lifted by cranes or jacks, transported by road, rail or
water without over straining any joints and without causing subsequent leakage of oil

5.1.17 Materials used in the insulation and assembly of the windings shall be nonhygroscopic,Non
catalytic and chemically inactive in hot transformer oil, and shall not soften or be otherwise
affected under the operating conditions. Neutral CT for REF Protection shall be located outside the
transformer.

5.1.18 The winding shall be designed to reduce to a minimum the outofbalance forces in the
transformer at all voltage ratio.

5.1.19 The transformer shall have primary and secondary voltage winding connected as specified in data
sheet with neutral brought out for three phase neutral supply.

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5.1.20 Vector group symbol shall be provided in accordance with IEC 764 & as specified in data sheet.
Additional neutral bushing of specified amp rating shall be provided for earthing of transformer
neutral.

5.1.21 Primary and secondary winding shall be of copper single core wound type. Any other type of main
coil winding material shall require prior written approval from client.

5.2

TANK

5.2.1 Tank shall be made from high quality low carbon steel and shall be oil tight welded construction.
Conventional type tank construction should be used upto 31.5 MVA rating.
5.2.2 The tanks of all transformers shall be complete with all accessories and shall be designed so as to
allow the complete transformer filled with oil, where specified, to be lifted by cranes or jacks,
transported by road, rail or water without over straining any joints and without causing
subsequent leakage of oil.
5.2.3 Fully assembled transformer together with its radiators, conservator and other fittings shall
withstand for one hour, a pressure corresponding to twice the normal head of oil or to the normal
pressure plus 35 kn/m2 (5 lb/in sq) which ever is higher, measured at the base of the tank. The
permanent deflection after the excess pressure has been released, shall not exceed the following.

Horizontal length of
Permanent
flat plate ( mm )
deflection in mm
up to and including 750
5.0
751 to 1250
6.5
1251 to 1750
8.0
1751 to 2000
9.5
2001 to 2250
11
2251 to 2500
12.5
2501 to 3000
16
above 3000
19

5.2.4 The main tank body excluding tapchanging compartment, coolers shall be capable of
withstanding following vacuums.



Vacuum gauge
Voltage
MM of Hg
MVA
pressure kn. /sqm
rating





Up to 1.6
34.7
250
Up to 72 kV Above 1.6 and 68.0
500
Up to 20
Above 20
100.64
760

5.2.5 The base of each tank shall be so designed that it shall be possible to move the complete
transformer unit by skidding in any direction without injury when using plates or rails.
5.2.6 Inspection cover on the top shall be provided. Inspection cover shall be provided with upright
collar of 25mm and Tank cover shall be of adequate strength and shall not distort when lifted.
Inspection openings shall be provided as necessary to give easy access to bushings, testing
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earthing connection without removing tank cover. At least two openings of adequate size shall be
provided at each end of the tank. Inspection covers shall have lifting arrangement and weight
shall not exceed 25 kg. Inspection cover on the top shall be provided. Inspection cover shall be
provided with upright collar of 25mm.
Transformer tank shall be fabricated from mild steel plates for adequate thickness welded
together. All main tank and lifting lug welds shall be dye pen tested to detect cracks in the
internal/external welding. Porosity in weld runs shall not be permitted and remedial work shall
be done to correct any flaws found. The final test shall be a oil chalk test.

5.2.7 Tank shall have enough strength to resist distortion when transformer is lifted / moved. Pressure
test on tank shall be carried out as per IS 2026 & 1180 to ensure that there is no leakage. Tank
shall be designed to permit lifting, by crane or jacks, of the complete transformer assembly filled
with oil. The material used for gaskets shall be cork neoprene or approved equivalent. Tank shall
be provided with lifting lugs, a minimum of four jacking lugs and suitable haulage holes. The tank
cover shall be fitted with pockets for a thermometer and for the bulbs of oil temperature
indicators. Protection shall be provided, where necessary, for each capillary tube. All wheels
should be detachable and shall be made of cast iron.

5.2.8 Tank covers shall have pockets for bulbs of oil and winding temperature indicators. Wherever
specified, thermometer pockets shall have captive screwed top to prevent ingress of water. The
pockets shall be located in the position of maximum oil temperature and it shall be possible to
remove the instrument bulbs without lowering the oil in the tank.

5.3

JOINTS AND PIPING

5.3.1 All joints and piping except the Bucholz gas sampling pipe, shall be flanged, all seating surfaces
shall machine surfaces. Under no circumstances shall any ancillary equipment be directly bolted
or on studs to the main tank. Therefore, all bolting shall be through bolting using hot dipped
galvanized bolts, flat / spring washers and nuts.
5.3.2 All gaskets used for making oil tight joints shall be of proven material such as granulated cork
bonded synthetic rubber or synthetic rubber gaskets compatible with oil.

5.4

CONSERVATOR

5.4.1 Conservator shall be located in such a position as not to obstruct the electrical connections to the
transformer. The conservator volume shall be sufficient to maintain the oil seal from ambient
temp. of 5 degrees centigrade to oil temp. of 90 degrees centigrade, with oil level varying within
min. and max. levels the extension shall be for at least 25 mm.
5.4.2 150 mm dial type magnetic level gauge with alarm and trip connection shall be provided. In
addition, prismatic type oil level gauge with min. and max. levels marked shall also be provided.
Taps or valves shall not be fitted to the oil gauge.
5.4.3 Drain valve shall drain completely one end of conservator shall be bolted into position so that it
can be removed for cleaning purposes. If the sump is formed by extending the feed pipe into the
conservator vessel shall be provided.
5.4.4 Conservator shall be fitted with a silica gel breather with inspection window . Silica gel breather
shall be at an elevation of 1.2m to 1.5m above ground level when the transformer is in its installed
position.
5.4.5 Oil seal shall be mounted at 1.4 meter above transformer base and connected to the conservator.
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5.4.6 One prismatic oil level gauge shall be provided. Also, one magnetic oil level gauge shall be
provided.

5.5

Oil

5.5.1 All transformers and all associated oil filled equipment shall normally be supplied along with first
filling of oil and 10% excess quantity of oil shall also be supplied in nonreturnable drums. The oil
breakdown voltage shall be tested as per IS 335.
5.5.2 Transformer oil shall be of nonpolychlorinated biphenyl type.

5.6

Method of Transformer Cooling ONAN

5.6.1 Tubular/Elliptical Radiators: Transformers shall have detachable type directly mounted radiators
unless specified otherwise.
5.6.2 The oil circuit of all radiator shall be provided with Butterfly type valve at each point of
connection to tank, blanking plates, a drain plug and air release plug and identification to show
the valve open & close position.
5.6.3 All tubular/elliptical radiators shall be galvanized and on completion suitably pickled and flushed
to remove residue and make the surface inert, prior to assembly onto the transformer.
5.6.4 Bolted, Gasketed, and flanged connection shall be used for connecting the radiators to the tank. All
radiators shall be detachable type and shall be provided with machined or ground flanged inlet
and outlet branches.
5.6.5 Separately mounted radiator banks if specified shall be connected to the tank by flanged pipe
connections. It shall be possible to withdraw the transformer from service position without
disturbing radiators.

5.7

Accessories

5.7.1 The following accessories shall be provided for each Radiator / Radiator bank Top and bottom
shut off valve and blanking plate:
i.
19 mm dia bottom drain plug and 19mm dia top filling cum air release plug.
ii.
Lifting lugs
iii.
Thermometer pockets in the inlet and out let pipes with thermometers fitted, (In case of
separately mounted radiator banks)
iv.
Top and bottom filter valves for each separately mounted radiator bank.

5.8

Valves and connections

5.8.1 All valves shall be of gun metal/cast steel, full way type with internal screw and shall be opened
by turning counter clockwise when facing the hand wheel.
5.8.2 All valves opening to atmosphere shall be fitted with blank flanges. Means shall be provided for
padlocking the bottom valves in open and closed position.
5.8.3 All valves shall be provided with an indicator to show clearly the position of the valve.
5.8.4 Oil sampling valves shall be provided at top and bottom of the main tank and these shall not be
fitted on the filter valves.
5.8.5 Filter and drain valves
Transformer shall be fitted with the Gun Metal filter and drain valves, sampling device and air
release plug. Filter and drain valves shall be provided with blanking plate or threaded plugs.
5.8.6 Explosion vent/pressure relief device
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Pressure relief device provided shall be of sufficient volume for rapid release of any pressure that
maybe generated within the tank and which might result in damage to the equipment. The device
shall operate at a static pressure of less than the hydraulic test pressure for transformer tank.
Means shall be provided to prevent ingress of rainwater.

The relief device shall be mounted on the main tank and if on the cover shall be fitted with skirt
projecting 25mm inside the tank and of such a design to prevent gas accumulation.

If diaphragm is used, it shall be of suitable material and situated above max oil level.

An equalizer pipe shall be connected between the pressure relief devices to the conservator or
silica gel breather and shall be fitted to pressure relief device for relieving or equalizing the
pressure.

5.9

Temperature indication devices and alarm

5.9.1 Oil temperature indicator (4 inches dial type thermometer) with two electrical contacts (one
for alarm and one for trip) shall be provided with maximum reading pointer facilities. State
type Make : Precimeasure control Pvt Ltd Model 1031 or latest version (Dial/Microswitch
type indicator).
5.9.2 The tripping contacts of winding temperature indicators shall be adjustable to close
between 60oC and 120oC and alarm contacts to close between 50oC and 100oC and both
shall reopen when the temperature falls by about 10oC.
5.9.3 Connections shall be brought from the device to marshaling box by capillary tube, cables
etc. as applicable.

5.10 Gas and oil actuated relay (Buchholz relay)

5.10.1 All transformers shall be provided with double float buchholz relay fitted in the pipe connecting
the tank and the conservator as per IS: 3637.

5.10.2 Pipe shall be 25 mm dia. for transformers up to and including 1000 KVA, 50 mm for ratings from
1001 to 10,000 KVA. 80 mm for ratings above 10 MVA.

5.10.3 Pipe shall be arranged at a rising angle of 3 to 9 degrees to the horizontal, upto the buchholz relay.

5.10.4 Valves shall be provided on either side of relay after providing necessary length of straight pipes.

5.10.5 The relay shall have petcocks at the top and bottom, drain plug, inspection windows, calibrated
scale to indicate gas present, built in test facility and terminal box with oil tight brass gland.

5.10.6 The relay shall have electrically separated; potential free selfreset contacts for alarm and trip.
Contacts shall be rated to make, carry & break 0.5 Amp. at 220 V DC.

5.10.7 Relay shall have the locking feature, which will avoid the movement of bulb, during
transportation.

5.10.8 The contacts shall be wired to marshaling box. The relay shall conform to EE make type OBGM
unless specified otherwise.

5.11 Thermometers
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5.11.1 150 mm dial type top oil, thermometer and winding temperature indicator for the LV windings
shall be provided for all transformers. Further an additional winding temperature indicator for
Automatic Control of Blowers shall be provided.
5.11.2 Each thermometer shall have potential free N.O alarm contact and trip contact. No multiplying
contactor / relay shall be used. Temperature setting of each contact shall be independently
adjustable at site. A manual reset type max. temp indicator shall be provided for each
thermometer.
5.11.3 Each winding temp indicator shall have temp. Sensing element, image coil and bushing mounted
current transformer.
5.11.4 Each thermometer shall be provided with remote temp. Indicator along with associated
accessories. The remote temp. indicators shall be mounted on RTCC panel.
5.11.5 All contacts shall be rated to make 0.5A(min) and break 0.2 A (min) at 220 DC. All contacts shall
be wired to marshaling box.
5.11.6 In addition to the above winding temperature indicators /controllers shall be provided, for
control of forced cooling system of the transformer.
5.11.7 150 mm dial type top oil, thermometer shall be provided (For lighting transformer only).

5.12 Tap Switch

5.12.1 Tappings as specified shall be provided on the higher voltage winding of each transformer and
shall be arranged so as to maintain as far as possible the electromagnetic balance of the windings.
5.12.2 The type of tap changing gear for voltage control i.e. off circuit tap changer (OCTC) or onload tap
changer (OLTC) and number of taps shall be as specified in data sheet.
5.12.3 Offcircuit tapchanger (OCTC)
Offcircuit tapchanging gear, where provided, shall be operable locally by means of operating
handle and equipped with an indicating device to show the tap in use and shall be provided with
locking arrangement to lock the operating mechanism in the various positions.
5.12.4 Onload tapchanger (OLTC)
General Requirements
The OLTC gear shall be designed to complete successfully tap changes for the maximum current to
which transformer can be loaded i.e. 150% of the rated current. Devices shall be incorporated to
prevent tap change when the through current is in excess of the safe current that the tap changer
can handle. The OLTC gear shall withstand through fault currents without injury.
When a tap change has been commenced it shall be completed independently of the operation of
the control relays and switches. Necessary safeguard shall be provided to allow for failure of
auxiliary power supply or any other contingency, which may be completed once it is commenced.
Oil in compartments of OLTC which do not contain the make and break contacts, shall be
maintained under conservator head by valve pipe connections. Any gas leaving these
compartments shall pass through the Buchholz relay before entering the conservator.

Oil in compartments, which contain the making and breaking contacts of the OLTC, shall not mix
with oil in other compartments of the OLTC or with transformer oil. Gases released from these
compartments shall be conveyed by a pipe to a separate oil conservator or to a segregated
compartment within the main transformer conservator. A Buchholz relay shall be Installed in the

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above pipe. The conservator shall be provided with a prismatic oil level gauge, with Red colored
Reflector.
Oil filled compartments shall be provided with filling plug, drain valve with plug, air release vent,
oil sampling device, inspection opening with gasketed and bolted cover with lifting handles, silica
gel breather, filter valve at top & bottom with brass plug, oil surge relay.
OLTC driving mechanism and its associated control equipment shall be mounted on Transformer
with weatherproof cabinet, which shall include:
Driving motor (415V, 3phase, 50 Hz, AC squirrel cage).
Duplicate sources of power supply with automatic changeover from the running source to the
standby source and vice versa.
Motor starting contactor with thermal overload relays with inbuilt SPP isolating switch and HRC
fuses.
Remote/local selector switch (maintained contact type), key lockable, type. 2.15.12 Mechanical
tap position indicator showing rated tap voltage against each position and resettable maximum
and minimum indicators. Control switch: Raise/off/lower (spring return to normal type).
Emergency manual operating device (hand crank or hand wheel). Brake or clutch to permit only
one taps change at a time on manual operation. Limit switches to prevent motor overtravel in
either direction or final mechanical stops.
Electrically and mechanically interlocked reversing contactors. 240V, 50 Hz. AC space heaters
thermostatically operated with switch and HRC fuses, a fivedigit operation counter.
Terminal blocks, internal wiring, earthing pads and cable glands for power and control cables, un
drilled detachable gland plate at the bottom shall be provided. Gasket and hinged door should be
with locking arrangement. Interior lighting fixture (CFL Lamp) with lamp door switch and HRC
fuses, Metal clad socket outlet. Necessary relays, contactors, current transformers, control fuses
etc. The OLTC provides uninterrupted voltage regulation of transformers under load. The voltage
is regulated by changing the voltage ratio.

5.13 Control requirements for OLTC

The following electrical control features shall be provided.
5.13.1 Positive completion of load current transfer, once a tap change has been initiated, without
stopping on any intermediate position, even in case of failure of external power supply. Only one
taps change from each change impulse even if the control switches or push button is maintained
in the operated position. Cutoff of electrical control when manual control is resorted to cutoff of
a counter impulse for a reverse tap change until the mechanism comes to rest and resets the
circuits for a fresh operation. Electrical controls will cutoff of when it tends to operate the tap
beyond its extreme position. Overload relay to block tap changer operation for load in excess of
150% rated current. Overload relay with timer shall be provided to block tap changer.

5.13.2 Automatic control of OLTC, RTCC panel If automatic OLTC control is specified the following items
shall be included:
Voltage setting device.
Voltage sensing and voltage regulating devices.
Timer (0120) seconds for delaying the operation of the tap changer in the first step for
every tap change operation.
Adjustable dead band for voltage variation.

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5.14 Alarms
The following alarms shall be provided:
A.C. supply failure.
Drive motor auto tripped.
Tap change delayed.

5.15 Remote control equipment in RTCC panel

The OLTC remote control equipment shall be housed in an indoor sheet steel cubicle to be
located in a remote control room. It shall generally comprise the following:
Control switch: Raise / Off / Lower (spring return to normal type).
If automatic operation specified, auto / manual selector switch (maintained contact type).
Tap position indicator (Digital).
Facial type alarm annunciators with Accept, Reset and Lamp test facilities for the
standard abnormal conditions along with hooter.
Necessary auxiliary relays.
LEDs indications for:

Tap change in progress.

Lower limit reached.
Upper limit reached.

Cable glands for power and control cables. Undrilled detachable gland plate at bottom to be
provided.
240V rated panel space heater with ONOFF switch & thermostat.
Fluorescent type interior lighting fixture with lamp and door switch, metal clad socket outlet.
HRC fuses.
Terminal blocks
Internal Control wiring with 1.5 sq. mm Cu. conductor, PVC insulated flexible wire
Earthing Pads. (Earth Bus 50 x 6 Cu. inside)
ISMC 100 x 50 Base Channels.
Main TPN Switch & fuse.
Nos. Voltmeters with selector switch one each for 6.6 KV and 0.433 KV side.
2 set, 3 Nos. each potential indicating LEDs.
Out of step relay.
Automatic Voltage Regulating Relay, Draw out Type.

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5.16 Others
5.16.1 Commissioning assistance for testing and commissioning of the OLTC and RTCC panels shall
be provided by the transformer vendor at his cost.
5.16.2 OLTC shall have components like load gear of motor drive, Diverter switch, transition
reactor, electrical connections of the OLTC, oil filter unit, tapchanger insulating oil, OLTC oil
compartment, remote control device, hand crank, tap selector, motordrive unit etc. to suit
system design.

5.17 Bushings
5.17.1 Electrical characteristics of bushings shall be in accordance with IS3347 and IS2099. Minimum
rated current of the line end bushing shall be 1.5 times the rated current of the corresponding
winding. Where repeated peak loads are specified, bushing rating shall be selected accordingly.
5.17.2 Oil communicating type bushings shall be used for voltage ratings upto 36KV. Oil used in bushings
shall conform to IS335.
5.17.3 Oil gauge shall be provided when oil in bushings is not in communication with that in the
transformer.
5.17.4 Clamps and fittings made of steel or malleable iron shall be hot dip galvanized. Bushings rated
more than 400A shall have nonmagnetic clamps and fittings only.
5.17.5 When bushing CTs are specified, the bushing shall be so arranged that it can be removed without
disturbing the current transformers, secondary terminals and connections or pipe work.
5.17.6 Clearances in air between live conductive parts and live conductive part to earthed structure shall
be as follows:

Clearance
Nominal System
Impulse Test Voltage
Voltage
Phase to Phase(mm) Phase to Earth (mm)
11kv(E)
6.6kv(UE)
0.433kv
0.230kv

75
40
2.5
2.5

240
90
25.4
25.4

140
90
19
19

5.17.7 For altitude exceeding 1000m above sea level, the clearance should be increased by 3% for every
additional 300m.
5.17.8 Bushings shall be suitable for atmosphere present in the place of installation. Total creepage
distance shall not be less than 31 mm/kV of highest system voltage and 50% of this shall be
protected creepage distance. Higher creeepage distances shall be provided for polluted
atmosphere, as specified in data sheet.
5.17.9 Transformer shall be provided with primary bushing for terminating cable size / ACSR
Conductor as specified in Data Sheet.
5.17.10 The primary terminal box shall be suitable for connection of HT cable of Cable size as per
data sheet. When connection is made by cable on primary side, a disconnecting chamber
shall also be provided for enabling disconnection of cable and moving away the transformer
without hindrance or draining oil from the main tank, leaving the cable box or chamber
behind on external supports.

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5.18 Bushing current transformer

5.18.1 Where bushing CT's are specified, the same shall conform to the specification indicated in the data
sheet. Hot spot temp. of CT's shall be as specified for transformers.
5.18.2 It shall be possible to remove the CT's at site, without opening the transformer tank cover/active
part.
5.18.3 All secondary leads, including tapping shall be brought to a weatherproof terminal box. Rating
and terminal marking plate of the CT shall be screwed to the terminal box. CT's shall be wired
from the terminal box to the marshaling box.

5.19 Secondary winding termination

5.19.1 The secondary winding terminations shall be on Indoor type of bushings in an air insulated
box. The secondary terminal box shall be suitable for connection of cable size as per data
sheet. Cable for main transformer and for connection of LV bus duct for distribution
transformers.
5.19.2 When connection is made by cable on secondary side, a disconnecting chamber shall also be
provided for enabling disconnection of cable and moving away the transformer without
hindrance or draining oil from the main tank, leaving the cable box or chamber behind on
external supports.
5.19.3 The cable box shall have liberal space to facilitate termination if more than one cable
Connections are specified, and to accommodate all cable joint fittings or sealing ends
Including stress cones, etc. Links shall be provided of suitable length for easy termination of
the leads, Necessary glands and cable sockets shall be provided.
5.19.4 Nonmagnetic cable gland plate shall be provided, wherever single core cables are specified.

6.0

TERMINAL AND MARSHALLING BOX

Terminations as indicated in the specification shall be provided.

HV side /LV side
Cable box
Cable Box Where cable boxes are specified, the cable box shall be airinsulated type suitable for
the type and number of cables specified. The size of cable box shall meet the minimum
dimensional requirement of cable termination. Double compression type brass cable glands and
tinned copper lugs shall be supplied. Cable boxes shall be airinsulated type with clearances as
specified. Further, air insulated disconnecting chamber shall be provided with inspection opening.
Transformer may thus be withdrawn from its pen without disturbing cable connection. The gland
plate shall be bolted type and shall be sufficiently big to remove the trifurcated cable from the
cable box, without damaging the terminations.
Cable sealing kits of specified type along with associated accessories like stress relieving cones,
insulating tapes, trifurcating boot, HT insulating paste etc. shall be supplied along with
transformer.

Marshaling box
Sheet steel of 3 mm thick/cast aluminium enclosed, transformer mounted, outdoor weather proof
marshalling box conforming to IP55 enclosure shall be provided for auxiliary equipment of the
transformer. This may be provided with double door arrangement for outdoor applications.
Marshalling box shall accommodate control and protection equipment of transformer, temp.
Indicators, bushing CT secondary terminals, terminal blocks, etc.

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Space heaters with temp. controller, illuminating lamp and toughened glass windows shall be
provided.
Mechanical indications, temperature indicators, brass glands for terminating cables etc. shall be
provided in each box. All auxiliary equipment, protection and signalling contacts shall be wired to
these transformermounted cabinets.
Marshaling box shall be provided with toughened glass visor to facilitate the reading of
temperature indicators.
Marshaling box shall be provided with cubicle illuminating lamp along with control switch &
door limit switch. Name type (Already given for gauges further for marshaling, supplier
bottle neck) recommendation of IP 65 will be adequate.

7.0

EARTHING

7.0.1 All metal parts of the transformer with the exception of individual core laminations, core bolts
and associated individual clamping plates shall be maintained at some fixed potential by earthing..
7.0.2 Flexible earthing braid shall be provided between all metal parts, joined with gaskets.
7.0.3 Core clamping structure earthing
7.0.4 Nos. separate Earthing pad/terminal shall be provided on the cable box for armour
earthing from inside and owner earthing grid connection from outside.
7.0.5 Earthing strip from Earthing Bushing up to earthing terminal shall be provided. It shall be
possible to disconnect the core earthing link to test the core insulation without having to drain the
main tank oil below the level of the top of the windings.
7.0.6 The top main core clamping structure shall be connected to the tank body by a copper strip of
adequate cross section. The bottom clamp structure shall also be connected to the tank by one or
more of the following methods.
i.
By connection through vertical tie rods of the top structure.
ii.
By direct metaltometal contact with tank base maintained by the weight of the core and
windings.
iii.
By connection to the top structure on the same side of the core as the main earth
connection to the tank.
7.0.7 Earthing of coil clamping rings.
7.0.8 Where coilclamping rings are metal at earth potential, each ring shall be connected to the
adjacent core clamping structure on the same side of the transformer as main earth connections.
7.0.9 Earthing of magnetic circuit: Magnetic circuit shall be earthed at one point only. This shall be
brought out of the tank cover through a suitably rated bushing and earthed through a removable
link. This bushing shall be clearly identified with inscription plate. When the magnetic circuit is
divided into pockets by cooling ducts parallel to the planes of laminations or by insulating
material above 0.25 mm thick, tinned copper strip bridging pieces shall be inserted to maintain
electrical continuity between pockets.

8.0

Fittings and Accessories

Transformer shall be provided with fittings and accessories as specified in the data sheet.
Transformer shall be provided with all necessary accessories as per relevant Indian standard such
as Oil conservator, Magnetic oil level gauge with low level marking, Drain valves with plug and or
cover plate, Filling valves, Oil temperature Indicators, Winding temperature indicator, Explosion

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vent, Rollers, Two earthing pads, Lifting lugs, Jacking pads, Silica gel breather, Tapping switch
(OCTC or OLTC), Oil filling hole with cover, Buchholz relay, Air release device, Filter valves,
Thermometer Pocket, Stainless steel 316 Marshaling box, Thermometer (mercury in steel)
Inspection Cover, Terminal marking plate, Radiators, additional neutral bushing etc. Rating and
diagram plate shall be provided near Marshaling box.

9.0

Lifting and Haulage facilities

Lifting lugs shall be suitable for lifting the transformer with oil. Minimum of 4 jacking lugs, in
accessible positions shall be provided to raise or lower the complete transformer with oil using
hydraulic or screw jacks. Minimum height of the lugs above base shall be 300 mm excluding under
base dimensions if detachable, for transformers up to 10t weight and 500 mm for transformers
above 10 t. Transformer shall be provided with detachable, bidirectional flanged wheels or
rollers as specified. Means shall be provided for locking the 90 degrees swivel movements in
positions parallel to and at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tank. Wherever specified,
flanged wheels shall be provided suitable for use on gauge track as specified.

10.0 Painting
The transformer shall be spraypainted or powder coated with epoxy paint. Colour shade of final
paint shall be as specified in the data sheet.

The interior of transformer tank, other oil filled chambers and internal structural steel work
shall be painted with heat resistant, oil insoluble insulating varnish after thorough cleaning
of all scales and dust residue from sand blasting.

It should be noted that the transformer be regarded as being in a marine and highly corrosive
atmosphere and all steel surfaces exposed to the weather shall be thoroughly cleaned and applied
first coat of zinc chromate, second coat of oil and weather resistant paint and final coat of glossy
oil and weather resistant nonfading paint of shade as specified in data sheet.

11.0 INSPECTION AND TESTING
INSPECTION
The Owner/ Consultant or his authorized representative reserves the right to witness all the
following tests at vendors place of manufacturing. Vendor shall give two weeks notice prior
to the proposed date of inspection to the Owner/ Consultant or his authorized representative.
All apparatus, instruments, etc. required for tests shall be provided by the vendor and shall
have been checked and tested for accuracy during the twelve month prior to the test,bearing tag
of competent authority.
Customer representatives shall be given free access to enter the plant and inspect the equipment
at any time during fabrication. However, 4weeks advance notice shall be given by vendor to
witness the final test. The final tests shall include the following:
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TESTING

Following Routine tests shall be conducted on Transformer:

MPI witness tests
Paint thickness tests
Measurement of Winding Resistance test.
Measurement of voltage ratio and check of voltage vector relationship.
Measurement of impedance voltage/short circuit impedance (principal tapping) and load loss.
Measurement of noload loss and current.
Measurement of insulation Resistance.
Oil breakdown test.
Separate source voltage withstand test.
Induced over voltage withstand test.
following additional test shall be carried out on transformer.
Temperature rise test.
Four (4) copies of test certificates shall be required for all tests performed on the transformer.

12.0 Spare parts

Vendor shall include commissioning spares as a part of supply. These are as per given below:
Oil filling pipe with cap.
Explosion vent with diaphragm.
Drain cum bottom filter valve with plug
Prismatic oil level indicator
Conservator drain plug
Dehydrating silica gel breather
Gas operated relay / double float type with alarm & trip contacts.
WTI CT
Double instrument marshaling box assembly.
150mm dial wdg. Temp. Indicator with max. Pointer and 2 sets of contacts for alarm & trip.
150mm dial oil temp. Indicator with max. Pointer & 2 sets of contacts for alarm and trip.
100mm dial magnetic oil level gauge with one set of contact
List of two years spare should be given in the offer.

13.0 PACKING AND DESPATCH

All the equipment shall be divided into several sections for protection and case of handling during
transportation. The equipment shall be properly packed for the selected mode of transportation
i.e. by ship/rail or trailer. The equipment shall be wrapped in polythene sheets before being
placed in the crates/cases to prevent damage to the finish. Crates/cases shall have skid bottom for
handling. Special notation such as Fragile This side up , Center of gravity , Weight , owner
particulars , PO Nos. etc. shall be clearly marked on the package together with other details as
per purchaser order.
The equipment may be stored outdoors for long periods before installation. The packing shall be
completely suitable for outdoor storage in areas with heavy rains/high ambient temperature,
unless otherwise agreed.

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