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NaCoMM-2007-118
Abstract
Automated synthesis of mechanical designs is an important step towards the development of an intelligent CAD
system. Research into methods for supporting conceptual
design using automated synthesis has attracted much attention in the past decades. The research work presented here
is based on an empirical study of the process of synthesis
of multiple state mechanical devices. As a background to
the work, the paper explores concepts of what mechanical
device, state, single state and multiple state are, and in the
context of the above observational studies, attempts to
identify the outstanding issues for supporting multiple
state synthesis of mechanical devices.
Keywords: automated synthesis, multiple state, design,
mechanical device
Introduction
Research Plan
Literature Study
A mechanical device is a set of two or more relatively constrained parts which may serve to transmit or modify force
or motion so as to fulfil certain intended mechanical functions.
The operating state [8] of a device is characterized by
a set of relations between its input and output motions. The
set of relations is valid and remains unchanged within an
operating state. A multiple state device has a different set
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Self Study
Initial configuration
of element L2, a2
Input
effort
NaCoMM-2007-118
Final configuration
of element L1 b1
Final configuration
of element L2, b2
234
NaCoMM-2007-118
Y+
X+
Z+
Fig. 3: Representation of coordinate system
If the behaviour of the door latch device is analyzed
and divided into states, it would contain the following five
states as diagrammatically represented in Fig. (4).
Handle
At = 0
Wedge
At x = 0
Torque= +(Z+)
State 1
= 1 (Z+)
x = x1(X-)
Torque= + (Z+)
x = x1 (X-)
= 1 (Z+)
State 2
Torque= 0
=0
x= 0
State 3
Force = - (X-)
=0
x = x1(X-)
State 4
Force = 0
x=0
=0
State 5
Figure 4: States and state transition of door latch
Various multiple state devices are synthesized by the authors for developing alternative designs for the above
multi-state function, the process undergone is reflected up
to to understand the approach to designing such devices.
This task is video recorded. Think aloud protocol is followed while doing the synthesis. The process and outcome
of the synthesis of solution alternatives for the door latch
problem is explained below. The states and state transitions diagram shown in Fig. (4) from the analysis of door
latch device, is used as the device function in the synthesis
process.
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NaCoMM-2007-118
(a)
(b)
(c )
(d)
(a)
(b)
(c )
(d )
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)
Figure 10: Drum and rope arrangement of Fig. (6(d)) modified with spring connection to satisfy state3 requirement.
to the wedge as shown in Fig. (10). For arrangements in
Fig. (10), torsional spring is redundant now and is removed. So 36 alternatives of drum and rope arrangements
of Fig. (10) and 82 alternatives from other alternatives
satisfy State3, State2 and State1 requirements. So 108 alternatives are synthesized till State3.
State4 requirement says that if force is applied on the
wedge, which is at x=0, it translates inside without any
change in the position of the handle, which is at =0. As
236
(a)
NaCoMM-2007-118
(b)
Figure 12: State1 solution synthesized by Designer 1.
since it is required for the crank and slider to return to their
original positions simultaneously, he thought of the option
( c)
(d)
237
NaCoMM-2007-118
Figure 20: Linear spring arrangement to satisfy State3 requirement between the end slider and the frame. Now this
satisfied all the five states. Next he went on to case2 (the
arrangement in Fig. (20). As it satisfied for States3, State,2
and State1, he modified it for States4 and State5. He made
a slot in the slider as shown in Fig. (21) and evaluated for
State4 and later State5. As all are satisfied, he compared
the two cases
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Need
Establish functions
Functions
Identify states and transitions
States and transitions
Select a state, Si with non-zero effort and associated input and output motions, as current state
Current states
Generate proposals against the requirement
of the current state
Proposals
Select a previously unexplored proposal to explore
Proposal
Evaluate the proposal against the
requirements of the current state
No
Yes
Yes
No
NaCoMM-2007-118
Generate solution
Concept to satisfy
No
the unsatisfied
Identify un- requirements
satisfied req.
Solution
concept
Evaluation of
the modified
Solution proposal against
the requirements
Incorporate the
generated
Modified solution concept
solution into
proposals the existing
solution proposal
Solution
Yes
Are all the states
considered for
this proposal?
No
Yes
Are all the proposals explored?
No
Set Si as the
current state
Yes
Stop
Figure 22. Common model for the synthesis process
solution proposals are taken for further exploration. A solution proposal is evaluated against the requirements of the
239
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
We thank Mr. Vinayak and Mr. Himanshu Mishra for their
time and cooperation in video recording the processes of
their synthesis.
NaCoMM-2007-118
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