EE 4043 Electrical Machines and

Drivers

ASSIGNMENT 1
Semester 7

: D.K.D Dharmapala
: 120109L
: 16/08/2016
Name
Index No.
Date of Submission

Contents

1.

Introduction........................................................................................................................................

2.

Capacity Selection of Short Time Duty Motors................................................................................

3.

Capacity Selection of Short Time Intermittent Duty Motors.............................................................

1. Introduction
The capacity of an electric motor is mainly depend upon the temperature rise. Hence duty
cycle of the application effect the capacity selection of the motor. According to IEC 60034-1
standards alphanumeric symbols provided for short time duty and short time intermittent duty is S2
and S3 respectively.
In short time duty (S2) on-load period is too short where the motor can attain its maximum
permissible temperature while the no-load period is high where the motor can be cool down up to
ambient temperature. The recommended short time duty are 10, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Load and
loss variation along with the motor temperature variation of S2 duty is denoted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Load, losses and temperature rise of S2 duty motor

In short time intermittent duty (S3) on-load period will be sufficient to attain the maximum
permissible temperature rise but at no-load period is not sufficient to cool down the motor up to
ambient temperature but it will attain to an equilibrium temperature and effect of starting and braking
is not considered in this duty cycle . The recommended values for the cyclic duration factor (CDF)
are 15%, 25%, 40% and 60%. Load and loss variation along with the motor temperature variation of
S3 motor is denoted in Figure 2
Cyclic duration factor CDF =

N
N +R

N= Time period operation under rated condition

R= Time period at de energize state

Figure 2. Load, losses and temperature rise of S3 duty motor

2. Capacity Selection of Short Time Duty Motors

According to standards (IEC 60034-1) short time duties are constant load duties during a
given time it must be less than that required to reach the thermal equilibrium followed by a rest
and the de-energized period must be sufficient to reestablish the machine temperature within 20C
from coolant (In many instances it is ambient air) . Hence when selecting the capacity of a motor
both on duty period as well as off duty period must be concerned. If the duty cycle of an
application is tally with the standard short time duty period (ex: 10 min, 30 min, 60 min etc.) it
is suitable to select a S2 motor with a capacity slightly greater than the required capacity of the
short time load. If the short time duty period is different from standard values the capacity
selection must be done by comparing time to attain motors maximum temperature of the selected
motor and its overloading capacity. If the duty time of the motor is lesser than the duty time of the
application, it is obvious that selected capacity of the moor must be higher than the full load of the
application (otherwise the motor attain its maximum temperature) if the capacity of the motor is
too high it must be operated at the partial loading with lower efficiency which will cause wastage
of energy. Hence when selecting a motor with a low duty period both temperature constrain and
the efficiency of motor operation must be concerned. If the rated duty time is higher than the duty
time of the application both thermal fitness as well as mechanical fitness must be considered most
suited motor rating must be chosen.

3. Capacity Selection of Short Time Intermittent Duty Motors

By the Indian national standards (IS 12824:1989) short time intermittent duty include
periodic operation at constant load and rest is de energized period, this period is too short to attain
the thermal equilibrium. S3 duty type IMs are rated according to its loading duty factor (Ex: 15%,
25 %, 40 % and 60%) if the loading duty of the application is approximately equal to the rated
CDF of the IM it is appropriate to select a motor with the capacity slightly higher than the
constant load of the application. If the CDF of the IM is lesser than the CDF of the application the
power rating of the motor which suit the situation must be higher than the constant load of the
application if the capacity of the motor is very high, for cater the constant load it must be partially
3

loaded which will reduce its efficiency hence when selecting the capacity of a motor in a situation
like this both temperature fitness and efficiency at the point of operation must be considered. In a
situation where CDF of the selected motor is high both temperature fitness as well as mechanical
fitness must be considered.