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THE KINGS SCHOOL

2013
Higher School Certificate

Trial Examination

Mathematics Extension 1
General Instructions

Total marks 70

Reading time 5 minutes

Section I

Write using black or blue pen

Board-approved calculators may be used

All necessary working should be shown in


every question

Working time 2 hours

A table of standard integrals is provided at


the back of this paper

10 marks

Attempt Questions 1-10

Answer on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet


provided.
Allow about 15 minutes for this Section.

Section II

60 marks

Attempt Questions 11-14

Answer in the examination booklets


provided, unless otherwise instructed.
Start a new booklet for each question.

Allow about 1 hour 45 minutes for this


Section.

Disclaimer
This is a Trial HSC Examination only. Whilst it reflects and mirrors both the format and topics of the HSC
Examination designed by the NSW Board of Studies for the respective sections, there is no guarantee that the
content of this exam exactly replicates the actual HSC Examination.
Y12 THSC Mathematics Ext 1 0813.doc
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Student Number

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Student Number

Section I
Questions 1 10 (1mark for each question)
Read each question and choose an answer A, B, C or D.
Record your answer on the Answer Sheet provided.
Allow about 15 minutes for this section.

sin 2 cos 2 =
A)

1 sin4
2

B)

4sin cos

C)

1 sin2
2

D)

2sin2

The point R divides the interval joining P ( 3, 6) and Q (6, 6) externally in


the ratio 2:1.
Which of these are coordinates of R?

A)

(3, 2)

B)

(15, 18)

C)

(0, 2)

D)

( 12, 18)

The polynomial 2x 3 + x 4 = 0 has roots , , and .


What is the value of
A)

B)

1
2

C)

D)

1
4

1 1 1
+ + ?

1
4

1
2

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Which of the following are solutions of


A)

x0

B)

1x0

C)

x<1

D)

x < 1, x 0

x
0 ?
x +1

Which of the following could be the equation of the polynomial P(x)?

y = P(x)

A)

P(x) = (x 1) (x + 2)

B)

P(x) = (x + 1) 2 (x 2)3

C)

P(x) = (x 1) 2 (x + 2)3

D)

P(x) = (x + 1) (x 2)3

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What is the equation of the function shown in the graph below?

3
A)

y=

cos 1 3x
4

B)

y=

4
x
cos 1
3

C)

y=

D)

x
cos 1
3
4
4
y = cos 1 3x

A particle is moving in a simple harmonic motion with displacement x.


Its acceleration

x is given by x = 4x + 3.

What are the centre and the period of the motion?


A)
B)
C)
D)

2
x = 3, T =
3
x= , T=
4

3
x= , T=
4
2
x = 3,

T=

What is the derivative of y = tan 1

A)
B)
C)
D)

2
x + x4
2x

1+ x4
2x

1+ x4
2

x + x3

Y12 THSC Mathematics Ext 1 0813.doc


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1
?
x2

The points A, B and C lie on the circle with centre O. OA is parallel to CB.
AC intersects OB at D and ODC = .
What is the size of OAD in terms of ?

A)
B)
C)
D)

10

3
2
3
3

The trigonometric expression 3 cos + sin may be written in the form


R cos( ) . The values of R and could be?

(A)

R = 4

(C)

R = 2

(B)

R = 4

(D)

R = 2

and

=
3

and

=
3

and

=
6

and

=
6

End of Section I

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Section II
Question 11 14 (15 marks each)
Allow about 1 hour 45 minutes for this section

Question 11

MARKS

a)

Differentiate e 2x cos x with respect to x.

b)

Find

c)

x2
Solve 2
< 1.
x 1

d)

Use the substitution u = 1 + ln x to evaluate

dx
1 (2x)

dx
.

1 x (1 + ln x) 3

e)

i) Find the coefficient of x5 in the binomial expansion of

15

1
2
3 + 2x

15

ii) What is the greatest value of n for which 3 + 2 x n


x

has a non-zero term in x5.

f)

In how many ways can 10 people be divided into two groups of 5 each?

Y12 THSC Mathematics Ext 1 0813.doc


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Question 12

a)

b)

c)

Consider the function f(x) =

MARKS

x
x2 + 4

i) Show that this function is odd.

ii) Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote.

iii) Find the coordinates of its stationary points and determine their nature.

iv) Sketch the graph of this function.

Let g(x) = x ln (2 x)
i) Find the domain of g(x).

ii) Show that g(x) is monotonic increasing.

iii) Find the point of intersection of y = g(x) and y = x.

iv) On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of y = g(x) and y = g 1 (x).

i)

Given that f(x) = (x a) g(x) where f(x) and g(x) are


polynomials, show that (x a) is a factor of f (x) .

ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the values of p and q if


3
2
x px + q = 0 has a double root at x = 2 .

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1
2

Question 13

a)

b)

MARKS

Two circles C1 and C2 centred at P and Q with equal radii r


intersect at A and B respectively. AC is a diameter in circle C1
and AD is a diameter in C2.

i) Show that ABC is congruent to ABD.

ii) Show that PB AD.

iii) Show that PQDB is a parallelogram.

Use mathematical induction to prove that

2
r
for n 1.
ln
= ln
r =1 r + 2
(n + 1)(n + 2)

c)

The velocity v ms 1 of a particle moving along the x axis is given by

v = 2x1.5e 0.5 x
i) Find the fastest speed attained by the particle.

ii) After the particle reaches its maximum speed, you may consider
x = 7 as the first approximation of the position at which its speed
drops to 1 ms 1.

By using one application of Newtons method find a better


approximation of x for which the speed drops to 1 ms 1.

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Question 13 (continued)

d)

MARKS

A( 0, pt 2 ) and B ( 2pt + p, y ) with p > 0 are two points on the


number plane.
The point C is chosen such that BC is parallel to x axis,
ACB = 135 and BC = p units.

i) Show that the coordinates of C are ( 2pt , pt 2 + 2pt ).

ii) Show that the locus of C is a parabola and find the


equation of its directrix.

Y12 THSC Mathematics Ext 1 0813.doc


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Student Number

Question 14
a)

MARKS

Two particles are moving in a simple harmonic motion along the x axis.
The displacements of the two particles at a time t are given by
x = a cos2t + 3a and x = a sin2t.
Find the closest distance between these two particles and the time at
which it first occurs.

b)

A helicopter H takes off vertically from C.


Paula and Bob are watching the helicopter. Bob is due east of the helicopter H.
He is at B the top of a building AB of height a metres.
Paula is on the ground, at a point P, 2a metres away from A. The
bearing of the building AB from her position at point P is 330.
At the instant that Bob sees the helicopter at an angle of elevation of ,
its distance from him is 3a metres.
3a

B
a

C
N

P
i)

Show that the distance from Paula to the helicopter at this time, can be

expressed as s = a 14 + 6 2 sin
4

ii)

It is known that at the time when is increasing at a rate of 0.2 radians


per minute the angle of elevation is radians.
5

At what rate is s changing at this time, give your answer correct to


two decimal places.

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Question 14 (continued)
c)

MARKS

Joe is playing indoor soccer. He is to take a free kick from the origin.
The opposing team has positioned some of its players 3 m from the ball.
These players are 1.8m tall, but can jump an extra 1.2 m to defend their goal.
The ceiling of the stadium is 8m above the floor.
Joe will kick the ball with a velocity of 13 ms-1 at an angle
of to the horizontal.
Use the axes as shown, and assume there is no air resistance and
the position of Joes ball t seconds after being kicked is given by the
equations:
x = 13t cos

and

y = 13tsin 5t

(Do NOT prove this)

8
6
4
2 13ms

-1

1.2m
2.1m

1.8m

3m
i)

12m

Show that the maximum height reached by the ball can be

expressed as
ii)

h=

169 sin
.
20

Show that the cartesian equation for the trajectory of the ball

5x 2
is y = x tan
(1+ tan ).
169
iii)

Show that for the ball to pass over the defenders and below the

ceiling the angle must be between 5041 and 7639.


iv)

The goal is 2.1 m high and 12 m from the origin.


For what possible values of will the ball pass above the
defensive players, below the ceiling, and enter the goal directly ?

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STANDARD INTEGRALS

1
x n +1 , n 1; x 0, if n < 0
n +1

x n dx

1
dx
x

= ln x , x > 0

ax

dx

1 ax
e , a0
a

sin ax dx

1
= cos ax, a 0
a

cos ax dx

1
sin ax, a 0
a

sec

ax dx

1
tan ax, a 0
a

sec ax tan ax dx

1
sec ax, a 0
a

1
x
tan 1 , a 0
a
a

a2 + x2

dx

1
a2 x2
1
x a
2

1
x +a
2

x
, a > 0, a < x < a
a

dx

= sin 1

dx

= ln x + x 2 a 2 , x > a > 0

dx

= ln x + x 2 + a 2

NOTE : ln x = log e x, x > 0

Y12 THSC Mathematics Ext 1 0813.doc


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Student Number

Multiple Choice Answer Sheet


Section I
Total marks (10)
Attempt Questions 1-10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval
completely.
1

2
4
5
6
7
8
9

10

Y12 THSC Mathematics Ext 1 0813.doc


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A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A

B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D

Student Number

THE KINGS SCHOOL


2013
Higher School Certificate

Trial Examination

1-10
11
12
13
14

Total

c, e, f
b

/ 1
/ 6

/ 2

/ 3

c(i)

/ 2

/10

a, b, c

Y12 THSC Mathematics Ext 1 0813.doc


15 of 15

/15

/19

2, 3, 5, 6, 8
/ 5
b

a, b, c

c(ii), d

/ 3

/15
/ 6

/29

/1

/1
/3

1, 10

/2

/10
/15
/15

/4
/5

Total

Trigonometry

Integral
Calculus

Geometry

Functions

Differential
Calculus

Question

Algebra and
Number

Mathematics Extension 1

/15
/4

/2

/15
/70

2013 Extension 1 Mathematics Solutions and Marking Guidelines


1

D
1

sin4 = 2 sin2 cos2


sin2 cos2 = sin4
2

x+1

B
P( 3, 6)

0
0

+
+

From the table we can see that

when x < 1, x 0

Q(6, 6)

Alternative method:

y=

Hence, R (15, 18)


3

1 1 1
+ +
+ +
=

=
=

From the graph, x 0, x 1


but as x

Hence, x < 1, x 0
5

B
This graph has a double root at 1, hence
(x+1) is a factor. This graph has a triple
root at 2, hence (x 2) is a factor.
The only equation which could be the
correct equation is P(x) = (x+1) (x2)

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

9 B

6 B
In A and D the domain is 1 3x 1

1
1
x which does not match
3
3

that is

the given graph.


The range in B of the equation
y = cos-1 is 0 y 4
Hence, B is the solution.
Let OAD = x
Hence ACB = x (alternate angles, OA is
parallel to CB)
AOB = 2x (angle at centre is twice
the angle at the circumference subtended
by the same arc AB)
= x + 2x (exterior angle of triangle OAD
equals the sum of the two opposite
interior angles)
So = 3x Hence, x =

7 C
The acceleration x = 4x + 3

= 4 (x )
The acceleration at the centre is 0.
that is x = 0 so the centre is at x =
Also, n 2 = 4 that is n = 2 as n > 0.
Therefore, the period = = .
Hence, C is the solution.
10 D
8 C

R cos =

3 and

-1

y = tan

where u =

R sin = 1 R = 4
R = 2

tan =

So

2x
1+ x4

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

1
3

=
6

Question

Suggested Marking Criteria

Marks

Question 11
y = e 2x cos x

a)

Indicate use of Product Rule.

State the correct solution

Indicate use of sine inverse.

Choose a correct substitution


or equivalent

Using product rule where


u = e2x

and v = cosx

u = 2e2x and v = sinx


2x

2x

= 2e cosx e sinx
= e2x(2cosx sinx)

b)

dx
1 (2x ) 2
1

dx
1 4x 2

dx
1

4 x2
4

1 1
dx
= sin 2 x + C
2
1
x2
4

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

State the correct solution.

1 1
sin 2x + C
2

Question

Suggested Marking Criteria

1 so

c)

that is

x
2

x 1

Marks

1
+

+
Begin a correct method.

Create a correct expression


without denominators.

State the correct solution.


1 < x < 1

From the table: 1 < x < 1


Alternative Method:

x - 1

From the graph, 1 < x < 1

y = x 1

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

Question

Suggested Marking Criteria

d)

Let u = 1+ lnx

dx
x (1 + ln x )

Show du =

2 du
3
u
1
=

du =
When x = e, u = 2
When x = 1, u = 1

or equivalent.

Find the new limits of


integration.

Marks

Show the correct solution.

3
u du

= 1

3
8

= ( ) ( ) =

=
15

e) i)

1
2
3 + 2x
x

15

-45 +3k

has Tk+1 = 15Ck (x-3)15-k (2x2)k


k

2k

15

-45 +5k

2 x = Ck 2 x
= Ck x
To find the coefficient of x5, we let
45 +5k = 5 we get k = 10
So the term needed is 15C10 210 x 5
Hence, the coefficient of x5 is
15
C10 210 = 3 075 072

Show an expression for Tk+1


(or equivalent).

Show correct solution.


15
C10 210 = 3 075 072

State n = 47

State the correct answer, 126


ways.

15

1
n
ii) 3 + 2 x has Tk+1 = 15Ck (x-3)15-k ( 2xn ) k
x

15
-45 +3k k nk
= Ck x
2 x = 15Ck 2k x-45 +(3 + n )k
To find the value of n such that the term
in x5 is not a zero, we let:
45 + (3+n) k= 5, so (3+n) k = 50
n+3=

50
50
that is n =
3
k
k

Hence, the maximum value of n occurs when k = 1and this


maximum value is n = 47
f)

The first group of 5 can be selected


in 10C5 ways.
The other group of 5 can be formed in 5C5 ways.
So the number of ways to get the two groups
of 5 is 10C5 5C5 but the two groups formed are
equal in size so they cannot be distinguished so
we must divide by 2!
Hence, the number of ways to form the two

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

equal groups is 10C5 5C5 2! = 126

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

Question

Suggested Marking Criteria

Marks

Question 12

a) i)

f (x) =

f (-x) =
=

x +4
( x )

( x ) 2 + 4
x

x2 + 4

Show that f(x) is odd.

Show the correct solution.


Horizontal asymptote is

= f (x)

Hence f (x) = f (x), so f (x) is odd.


ii)

To find the horizontal asymptote take the


limit as x approaches infinity.

y = 0

= 0

So the horizontal asymptote is y = 0

iii) f(x) =

x
x2 + 4

let u = x

and

v = x + 4
Find 1 stationary point and
determine its nature or find
the x value for both turning
points.

u = 1 and v = 2x

f (x) =

=
let f (x) = 0 to find the possible stationary
that is

turning points ,we get


x= 2.
when x = , y =
x
f (x)

and x = , y =

2
0

f (x)
Max T.P. at ( 2, ) Min T.P. at ( 2, )
S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

Find the second stationary


point and determine its
nature or find the y value for
both turning points and
determine their nature.

Max T.P. at ( 2, ) Min


T.P. at ( 2, )

Question

Suggested Marking Criteria

Marks

iv)
Sketch a curve, correctly
showing their stationary
points.

min ( 2, )

min ( 2, )

b) i) g(x) = x ln(2 x)
g(x) exists if ln (2 x) exists that is if
2 x > 0 so x > 2 that is x < 2.
Hence, the domain of g(x) is x < 2

ii)

g(x) = 1
=1+
as x < 2, 2 x > 0 that is g(x) > 0 as it is the
sum of two positive terms.
Therefore, g(x) is monotonic increasing
throughout the domain of the function.

iii)

To find the point of intersection of y= x and


y = g(x) solve x = g(x)
solve x = x ln ( 2 x )
ln (2 x) = 0
so 2 x = 1
x = 1 and so y = 1
Hence, the point of intersection is (1, 1).

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

Sketch a curve, correctly


showing their curve
approaching their
asymptotes.

State the correct domain,


g(x) is x < 2.

Calculate the correct


derivative.
g(x) = 1 +

Justify that the curve is


monotonic increasing.
g(x) > 0 for all x as 2 x > 0

Find the correct point of


intersection.
(1, 1)

Question
iv)

Suggested Marking Criteria


Since g(x) is a monotonic increasing function
then to sketch the graph of g(x) we must first
find g"(x) to determine the concavity of
this curve.
g"(x)
for all x < 2.

Marks

Sketch y = g(x)

Sketch y = g-1(x)

Correct answer

Finding equations to solve


simultaneously

Correct answer

Hence, the curve is strictly increasing and


is concave up for all x < 2.
y = g(x)

2 1 0

y = g-1(x)

(c)

(i)

f(x) = (x a) g(x)

f(x) = 2(x 1)g(x) + g(x)(x a)

f(x) = (x 1)[2g(x) + g(x)(x 1)]


(x a) is a factor of f(x)
(ii)

8 4p + q = 0

12 4p = 0

q=4

p=3

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

Question

Suggested Marking Criteria

Marks

Question 13
a)

Show that ABC is


congruent to ABD.

Show PBC = PCB.

Show that PB AD.

Show that PQDB is a


parallelogram.

i) In ABC and ABD,


AC = AD (diameters of equal circles)
ABC = ABD = 90
(angles in semicircles with diameters AC and AD )
AB is common
ABC ABD (RHS)
ii) Let ADB =
ACB = (corresponding angles of
congruent triangles ABC and ABD are equal)
PB = PC ( equal radii of circle C1 )
PBC is isosceles (2 equal sides)
PBC = (base angles of isosceles PBC are equal)
ADB = PBC =
As these two angles are corresponding and equal
hence PB
(converse theorem of corresponding angles)
iii) PB
(proved above )
PB = QD (equal radii of equal circles)
Hence PQDB is a parallelogram as it has one pair of opposite sides
that are parallel and equal.

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

10

Question

b)

Suggested Marking Criteria

Marks

for n 1
2

(
n
1
)(
n
2
)
+
+

Prove that n ln r = ln

r =1 r + 2

For n = 1
LHS = ln 1 and RHS = ln 2 = ln 1
3
23
3
Since LHS = RHS, the statement is true for n = 1
Assume the statement is true for n = k that is
1
2
k
ln + ln + .... + ln

3
4
k +2

2
= ln
(k + 1)(k + 2)

Our aim is to prove the statement is true


for n = k+1 that is
1
2
k
k +1
ln + ln + .... + ln
+ ln

3
4
k +2
k +3

2
= ln
(k + 2)(k + 3)

1
3

Prove statement true for


n = 1.

Assume true for n=k, attempt


to prove true for n = k+1

Satisfactory completion of
proof.

k +1
k

+ ln
k + 3
k + 2

LHS = ln + .... + ln

+ k + 1 (from assumption)
2
= ln
(k + 1)(k + 2) ln k + 3

2
k +1
= ln
(k + 1)(k + 2) k + 3

= RHS
2
= ln
(k + 2)(k + 3)

Hence, if the statement is true for n = k then it is also true for


n = k + 1.
Now, the statement is true for n =1 and hence by mathematical
induction it is true for n = 2, 3 and so on.
Hence the statement is true for all positive integers n 1.

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

11

Question

c) i)

Suggested Marking Criteria

Marks

2
3 x
v = 2 x1.5e 0.5x So v = 4 x e

Calculate the correct function

1 2
v = 2 x 3 e x
2

for the acceleration.

using the product rule


let u = 2 x
u = 6 x2

and v = e x

and v = e

2
d 1 v
2 = 2x2 e x (3 x)
dx

= 6 x2 e x 2 x 3 e x

= 2 x2 e x ( 3 x)
To find the fastest speed we let

=0

So 2 x2 e x ( 3 x) = 0 that is when x = 0 or 3
x

Find the velocity when their


derivative indicates a
maximum stationary point.

v = 2.3188ms1

From the table the maximum speed occurs


when x = 3
Fastest speed v = 2 31.5 e 1.5
= 2.3188ms1]

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

12

Question
ii)

Suggested Marking Criteria

Marks

We need to find v = 1 that is we need to solve

2 x1.5e 0.5x = 1 which is 2 x1.5e 0.5x 1 = 0


Let g(x) = 2 x1.5e 0.5x 1 as x = 7 is the first approximation of the
root then
x1 = 7

Correctly substitute into the


equation for Newtons

Method.

Using the product rule


let u = 2 x1.5 and v = e 0.5x
u = 3 x 0.5 and v = 0.5 e 0.5 x
So g(x) = 3 x 0.5 e 0.5x x 1.5 e 0.5 x
=x

0.5

e 0.5x ( 3 x )

x1 = 7
= 7 + 0.37088
So x1 = 7.37088
Note: when x = 7 , v = 1.1185...
and when x = 7.37088 v = 1.00401...
This shows that x = 7.37088is a better approximation.

Calculate the correct value


for the second
approximation.

x = 7.37088

d) i)
D
Show the x value at C is 2pt.

The x coordinate of C is x of B less by p.

x of C = 2pt + p p
= 2pt
Now producing the horizontal line BC to meet the y axis at a right
angle at D.
We are given BCA = 135 then
ACD = 45 (angle of a straight line BD)
DAC = 45 (angle sum of ADC)
So ACD is right angled and isosceles.
AD = DC = 2pt
Hence, the y coordinate of C is the y coordinate of A plus 2pt.
y of C = pt + 2pt
Hence, the coordinate of are C ( 2pt , pt 2 + 2pt).

S & G Publishing 2013 Mathematics Ext 1Trial Solutions

Show the y value at C is pt +


2pt.

13

Question
ii)

Suggested Marking Criteria

To find the equation of the locus of C, we need


to find a relationship between x and y
independent of t.
Given that x = 2pt and y = pt + 2pt
t=

so y = p
y=p
y=

+ 2p

Marks

Correctly substitute the


expression for t into the
expression for y.
1
y=

+x

+x

+x

4py = x + 4px
x + 4px + 4p = 4py + 4p
( x + 2p ) = 4p (y + p)
This is the equation of a parabola with vertex at
(2p, p) and focal length p.
Hence, its directrix has the equation y = 2p.

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Find the equation of the


directrix.

y = 2p

14

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Question 14
a)

The distance between the particles can be


expressed as D = a cos2t + 3a a sin2t.
a cos2t a sin2t can be expressed in the form
2
r cos (2t + ) where r = a 2 + a = a 2

a
= 1 that is = as is an acute angle.
a

Therefore D = a 2 cos 2 t + + 3a
4

and tan =

As the minimum of a 2 cos 2 t +

Differentiate the expression


for the distance between the
particles and find when it
equals zero.

is a 2 then the minimum distance between the particles is


D = a 2 + 3a = a ( 3

Find the expression for the


distance between the
particles.
D = a cos2t + 3a a sin2t.

) and this occurs for first time when

t=
Alternative method:
D = a cos2t + 3a a sin2t
To find the minimum distance between the particles
= 0 that is
we let

Determine the time when the


distance between the
particles is a minimum.

=0
t

)
2t =

t=
nd

Use 2 derivative to determine max or min.

Correctly calculate the


closest distance between the
particles.

t
positive

Negative

From the table the minimum distance occur for the first time
when t =
D = a

+3a a

= a (3

d = (3

) a.

Hence, the minimum distance between the points is (3

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) a.

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b) i)

3a

Marks

cos =

Show that BG = 3a cos

Show that HC = a + 3a sin

sin =

AC = BG = 3a cos
A

HG = 3a sin
HC = a + 3a sin

3acos
60

2a 30
P
Using the cosine rule in triangle APC, we get:
PC = 4a + 9a cos 12a cos cos60
= 4a + 9acos 6acos
Using Pythagoras theorem in triangle PCH,
we get:
PH = PC + HC
s = 4a+9acos 6acos + a + 6asin + 9asin
= 4a +9a(cos + sin) 6acos + a + 6asin
= 14a + 6asin 6acos
= a (14 + 6sin 6cos)
6sin 6cos can be expressed in the form
2
r sin( - ) where r = 6 2 + 6 = 6 2
6
and tan = = 1 that is = as is
6
an acute angle.
So s = a (14 + 6 sin( ))
Hence s = a

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Show that

s=a
1

16

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ii)

Marks

=
s=a

Find

s=

=
Therefore

So

but
( rate for any )

As =

then
5
Calculate the correct
.
expression for

0.2

0.2

= 1.1771265 0.2. a
0.24a units per minute.

c) i)

y = 13tsin 5t
So y = 13sin 10t
To find the time taken by the ball to reach the maximum height
we let y = 0, we get:
13sin 10t = 0
13sin = 10t
t = sin
Now, the maximum height is
y max = 13 sin sin 5
=

sin

sin

sin

Show that the maximum


height can be expressed as
h=

169 sin 2
.
20

sin

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ii) x = 13t cos so t =


As y = 13tsin 5t
then y =

y = x tan

Marks

Show that the cartesian


equation is
1
y = x tan

(1+tan) .

Hence y = x tan

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18

Question
iii)

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Marks

For the ball to pass under the ceiling, if


the maximum height y max < 8 that is
sin < 8
sin <
sin <
But is an acute angle so sin
sin <

Calculate the solution for the


maximum height to be less
than 8m.

< 76 39

Now as sin is an increasing function for


< 76 39 A
between 0 and 90 then
The ball must not be stopped by the defenders.
This occur if when x = 3, y > 3 that is

3tan

>3

507 tan 45 45tan 507 > 0


45 tan 507tan + 552 < 0
First we solve
45tan 507tan + 552 = 0, we get:
= 1.22110, 10.04556..
As y = 45 tan 507 tan + 552
is a parabola below the tan axis when
is between 1.22110 and 10.04556
So, the solution of
45 tan 507 tan + 552 < 0 is
1.22110 < tan < 10.04556
As tan is an increasing function for

Calculate the solution for the


ball to stay above the
defenders.

5041 < < 76 39

between 0 and 90 then

5041 < < 8419 B


Now, for the ball to pass over the defenders, but under the
ceiling,
it must satisfy both conditions A and B
Hence 5041 < < 76 39 1

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Question
iv)

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For the ball to enter the goal


When x = 12, y < 2.1 that is

12 tan

< 2.1

12 tan

< 2.1

2028 tan 720 720tan 354.9 < 0


720 tan 2028 tan + 1074.9 > 0
First ,we solve:
720 tan 2028 tan + 1074.9 = 0
we get:
tan =

Calculate the solution for the


ball to enter the goal.
< 3518 or > 6438
and/or

2237 < < 6723

= 0.707986 or 2.10868.
As y = 720 tan 2028 tan + 1074.9
is a parabola above the tan axis when
As tan is an increasing function for
between 0 and 90 then
6438 2
3518 ,

Now, For the ball to enter the goal directly, it


must be above ground at x = 12 that is
When x = 12, y > 0
so 12tan
> 0
2028 tan 720 720 tan > 0
720 tan 2028 tan + 720 < 0
First, we solve:
720 tan 2028 tan + 720 = 0
we get:
tan =
=

State the correct final range


of angles for .

6438 < < 6723


or

As y = 720 tan 2028 tan + 720


is a parabola below the tan axis when
< tan <
As tan is an increasing function for
between 0 and 90 then
2237 < < 6723

(continues on next page)

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(continued)
Hence all of three conditions must hold
simultaneously for a goal to be scored.
above defenders, under ceiling
under top edge of the goal

under top edge of the goal 2

enter goal above floor level

0 2237 3518 5041 6438 6723 76 39 90


It can be seen on the above diagram that the
largest range of values for which all of the
conditions hold is 6438 < < 6723.

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21

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