Pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) is a standard approach for transceiver

design for time-varying channels, with channel estimates obtained from pilot
symbols being employed for coherent demodulation of the data symbols. that PSAM
schemes can be improved by adapting the coded modulation strategy at the sender
to the quality of the channel measurement at the receiver, without requiring any
channel feedback from the receiver

pilot symbol assisted adaptive modulation the Adaptive modulation exhibits the

advantage of great spectral efficiency for high data rate wireless transmission, where the
transmission power and rate of subchannels in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM) systems are matched to the channel state information (CSI).

Pilots symbols are used to track the residual phase error if present after frequency correction.
Without this correction the constellation points starts rotating either +ve/-ve angle. It is very
much sensitive at higher constellation.
We estimates phase say , from pilots, then we corrects by multiplying exp(-j*2*pi*) before
demapping........
Pilot sequences are the unmodulated data we are transmitting along with the data.Pilots are used
for syncronization and Channel estimation purposes. Channel estimation is the main thing we
need to concentrate for improving the channel capacity .
More the number of pilots more efficeintly we can estimate the channel and increase the capacity
. But as pilots increases overhead increases. so the selection of pilots is such that tradeoff should
be considered between pilots symbols and spectral efficiency. In IEEE 802.11 OFDM standard
we are using 64 subcarreirs per OFDM symbol in these 64 , 48 are for data and 4 are Pilot and
remaining are for zeropadding

Data symbol is the number of symbol changes (waveform changes or signalling events) made to
the transmission medium per second using a digitally modulated signal.

pilot insertion: from a continuous stream of data i should insert samples from a sequence (ex: in
2k-mode, every 1512 data input i should insert 1704-1512=192 pilot and than center-zero-pad to
reach 2048 without loosing any data input sample

- cyclic prefix: when all these 2048 are modulated through "HLD streaming FFT", modified to
computed an iFFT, i have to add the prefix. My problem is that i can't use frame based block
(like what is done in simulink ofdm demos) because they are not HDL synthetizable.

Multiplexing is the process in which multiple Data Streams, coming from different Sources, are
combined and Transmitted over a Single Data Channel or Data Stream.

Multiplexing is done by an equipment called Multiplexer (MUX). It is placed at the Transmitting

End of the communication link. At the Receiving End, the Composite Signal is separated by an
equipment called Demultiplexer (DEMUX). Demultiplexer performs the reverse process of
Multiplexing and routes the separated signals to their corresponding Receivers or Destinations.

Figure 1: Multiplexing and Demultiplexing

M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation -- or QAM -- is a modulation

where data bits select one of M combinations of amplitude and phase
shifts that are applied to the carrier. The M possible waveforms may be
described by M constellation points