Variable Speed Pump System Workbook, version 2.

March 2009

Workbook to estimate the savings from adding variable speed control

or improving the control in a variable flow pumping system
This workbook allows the user to change flows, the pressure setpoint, and the reset schedule. This will allow the user
to estimate the impact of changes such as
Reduce Differential Pressure setpoint
Reset Differential Pressure setpoint
Reduce flows (e.g. by changing 3-way valves to 2-way valves)
Reduce operating hours (with schedule changes or temperature lockout)
This workbook includes some checks of performance relative to the requirements of California "2005 BUILDING
ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS" (Title 24). These checks are provided as a service to users. However,
performance estimated by this workbook is not warranted as, and should not be construed as, any proof of
compliance or non-compliance.
Major updates since the last version include:
Changing the solver engine to calculate line by line to significantly increase speed and improve robustness of the
calculation.
An input data guide is included to help the user understand what data to collect for input into the calculation.
Footers are added to each page to document relevant project information, and a place to better document the details
of the measures installed is included.
The instructions have been clarified based on user feedback and links provided from the sheets to relevant
instructions.

General Comments
There are 3 input worksheets: "PumpInput," "SystemInputs," and "CalcInputs." Data should be entered in these
worksheets in that order. The "InputDataGuide" tab has helpful guidance on obtaining or estimating the data that
needs to be entered.
If you don't have a specific pump curve to enter, the program will scale a default pump curve based on the design
sizing for the project pump.
This workbook simulates a simple flow loop. Multiple take-offs are not simulated. Therefore, it is important that the
user simulate the critical zone or coil in their system to properly estimate the energy use and savings. The critical
zone is the zone that requires the the controlling device (valve or damper) to be the nearest to fully open in order to
satisfy the zone. If a non-critical zone is simulated, the savings could be over-estimated. In the real system, if a noncritical zone controls the duct or pump pressure, then a more critical zone could end up "starved" for flow. This will
often result in a controls change that will cause a reduction in savings from what was estimated.

Instructions

Page 1

Systems with take-offs upstream of the static pressure sensor will give conservative results using the simple inputs on
worksheet "System Inputs." The degree of conservatism is dependent upon the proportion of the total pump flow that
takes off before the sensor. If more accurate results are desired, the more detailed inputs can be used. The more
detailed inputs allow the user to enter different flows at different places in the loop, but also require more information
about the pressures in the loop. If the flows are the same throughout the loop, and if the appropriate inputs are used,
simulations using the simple and detailed inputs will produce the same energy use and savings estimates.

Reset of the controlling differential pressure is simulated by allowing the user to input different pressures at different
flows. It is up to the user to input pressures that would result from a particular reset schedule or reset control strategy.
This workbook does not directly simulate a reset based on valve position. However, the program does provide a
formula that can determine the lowest possible pressure that can allow the input flow to be achieved. In other words,
this formula, which can be input automatically by a macro button, estimates the pressure that will cause the controlling
valve to be fully open and the flow still achieved..
There are 4 separate calculation worksheets: "CalcBaseline," CalcReduceFlows" CalcReduceSetPt," and
"CalcWithReset." No user input is required in these worksheets.
This calculation requires an interative solution. The standard Excel add-in, "Solver," must be installed. If
Solver is not installed, click Add-Ins on the Tools menu, and then select the Solver Add-in check box. Click OK, and
Excel will install the Solver. If you don't see Solver on the list of possible add-ins, you may need to run Excel Setup
again to make it available.
There is a button on the "VFDCalcInputs" worksheet to run the interative calculations. This macro updates all of the
calculation worksheets.
If you don't have a successful solution initially, it is probably because the system pressure drops are too great for the
input flows and the specified pump. The application provides prompts for this circumstance. Also see the notes for
worksheet "SystemInputs."
IMPORTANT: The Excel Solver usually does a good job of making sure that the pressure drops at the input flow
match the pressure rise across the pump, and making sure that the input pressure setpoint is met. However, as with
all analyses, the user should review the output to make sure the results make sense. Watch for unexpected
discontinuities in the graphs, and verify that the pressure matches the setpoint.
Also, note that the application assumes that the required flow will be achieved unless it is impossible to achieve it,
even with the speed at 100%. In some cases this could mean that the sensed pressure is higher than the setpoint.
Clearly this is not the way the systems would really operate: in the field the speed would be decreased to satisfy the
pressure setpoint, and the required flow wouldn't be achieved. The alternative would have been to allow the flow to
vary, but this would have slowed the calculation and made it less stable. If the results show a sensed pressure higher
than the setpoint, check the inputs and make sure they truly represent the system being modeled.

Advanced Users. The sheets have been protected to avoid erroneous input. Advanced users who wish to inspect
the calculation method in detail or make changes can access the formulas and code in the sheet as follows: Unhide
the sheet named "Version." You may wish to add comments there about changes you make to your version of the tool.
At the top of the "Version" sheet are convenience buttons that will unprotect or protect the sheets. It is recommended
that the tool be put in protected mode for use to avoid overwriting necessary formulas.

Inputs
Input cells are shaded yellow.
There are inputs on 3 sheetsPumpInput, SystemInputs, and VFDCalcInputs.

Instructions

Page 2

Worksheet "PumpInput"
This worksheet is used to input the Pump data.
Enter the design selection point for the pump, usually available from the pump nameplate or drawings. If the system
has 2 identical pumps controlled in parallel, the flow for one pump should be entered, half of total system flow. Note
that a 2-pump system may be designed for only one pump to operate, with the second pump as a backup and normal
entry would be used. Note also that building operators will often have both pumps running when only one is needed.
If both pumps are found on, the system design and control sequence should be investigated. If only one pump is
needed, sequences should be revised or building operators educated.
Pump curve input: Ten points must be input for both the head curve and the efficiency curve. The Pump speed is also
input.
The data must be entered in order, from lowest flow to highest flow. The lowest flow should be near zero, and the
highest flow should give a Pump head near zero. This will often need to be extrapolated from the manufacturer's
curve for entry here, since Pump curves typically don't cover such relatively high flows.
Though this workbook has auto-scaling of a default Pump curve, it is strongly recommended to input the actual Pump
curve or the curve for another similarly-sized Pump in order to gain the best results. The range of flow and head must
include the design pump flow and head. When the pump curve does not match the actual pump, expect the solver
iteration to require multiple attempts.

Worksheet "SystemInputs"
The first set of inputs are for the differential pressure setpoint, motor and VFD sizes (to get part-load efficiencies), a
choice of methods to get VFD efficiencies (see chart at right for comparision of one case), and a choice of using
Temperature or Flow as the category axis on one of the output charts on the "SavingsSummary" worksheet. The two
required inputs are motor size and VFD size (usually the same as motor size).
The next sets of inputs are used to describe the pressure drop characteristics of the system. The "Simple Inputs" are
easiest to use, and provide the same energy use and savings estimates as the "Detailed Inputs."
- Input tested pump pressure difference from points 1 to 2 on schematic and pressure differential measurement from
points 3 to 6, as well as measured or estimated flow during test.
- "Detailed Inputs" have the advantage of providing a better estimate of where the pressure drops occur in the
system, and hence more accurate reporting of pressures at particular places in the system. However, "Simple Inputs"
should suffice in the vast majority of cases.
If using the "Detailed Inputs," each set of 3 inputs2 pressures and 1 flowmust have a consistent set of inputs: The
input pressures must correspond to the pressures at the input flow.
Different sets of inputs can be at different flow conditions, but the pressures must be the ones that result at the input
flow.
(A later version may permit use of a different flow for the critical zone.)
These inputs can come from trend data, measurements, drawings, or calculations as available. But the relationship of
the pressure drops in the system is key to estimating the savings when there is no differential pressure reset, and will
affect the savings of differential pressure reset whenever the reset is not perfect. Therefore, the inputs for flows and
pressures are important.

Instructions

Page 3

Ideally the inputs would come from trend data or measurements. However, these data may be hard to obtain. If
measured data are not available, the system data for "p across pump" and "estimated flow" can be based on
the pump design data, adjusted for the assumption that that pump has some design margin. If there is no
design margin, this may be reflected in the calculations, and the baseline calculation could fail because it
might not be possible to achieve the design flow.

Worksheet "VFDCalcInputs"
In these worksheets the required flows to handle the load at various operating conditions must be input. Flows at
different loads can be derived from trend data or energy simulation programs or methods. If the system has 2
identical pumps controlled in parallel, the flows for one pump should be entered, half of total system flow.
Up to 20 different flow conditions can be input. These will typically be for different ambient conditions, and a column
of bin temperatures are provided for convenience. However, the flows could vary based on other criteria as well. It is
up to the user to create a correlation of flow to the appropriate independent variables. The bin temperature column
can be edited as needed. The bin temperatures aren't used by the program; they are only there for
convenience in listing the hours at a particular flow. The user could use the bin temperatures in a formula to
calculate the flows, if the flows and load are dependent on ambient temperature.
If the base case is fixed speed, then input a high (impossible to reach) pressure setpoint for baseline. If a VSD is
already in place, enter the baseline differential pressure control setpoint.
The "Change Flows and operating hours" columns enable the user to simulate system changes that would change the
flows required to satisfy the load. For example, the flow could change if the minimum flows for one or more coils
changed. The flows could also change if the load was reduced as part of the project, such as by a lighting retrofit, or
replacing some 3-way valves with 2-way valves.
Operating hours can be reduced through schedule changes, reducing building loads, or putting a high- or lowtemperature lockout in to turn off the pump when not needed.
The user can enter the specific differential pressure setpoints associated with a reset schedule.
(Range K8:K27) These cells can include a formula that uses the pressure drop characteristics of the piping and
equipment to simulate a "perfect" reset schedule. That formula is as follows:
(Zdp3to4 + Zdp4to5 + Zdp5to6) * Flow*Flow
The formula also has logic to maintain a minimum pressure differential as input.
This formula will be placed in Range K8:K27 by clicking the macro button to "Use Optimum Reset Pressures"
The "perfect" reset uses a formula to give the theoretical optimum setpoint for each flow. Based on the input
pressures, the piping characteristic pressure drops are estimated, and a "perfect" reset pressure is the minimum
pressure needed to push the input flow through the simulated system. Because this application only uses a singlezone model, and pressure drops may not always be, as simulated, a function of the square of the flow, the values
resulting from that formula will give optimistic results. Since the "perfect" resets are not likely to be achieved in reality,
they should just be used to see the limits of what might be gained with setpoint reset. In addition to zone differences,
the theoretical optimum reset shown assumes the abilitiy to use a valve-position based reset strategy that may be
difficult as discussed in the Seidl article on the links page.
Hint: If the calculation will not complete, first run a case where you pick a design point from the representative pump
curve provided to prime the cells with normal values for the solver, then rerun with the actual pump design conditions
that require an extrapolated pump curve.

Calculation Worksheets

Instructions

Page 4

Calculation worksheets: "CalcBaseline," "CalcReduceFlows," "CalcWithVFD," and "CalcWithReset."

These worksheets are where the iteractive calculations take place. The calculations solve for the required pressures
in the flow loop. No user inputs are required. If you wish to stop a calculation underway, use the ctrl key and "break"
button several times.
Note that the current version does not include a full documentation commentary of all formulas, although they are
fairly standard engineering calculations that should be understandable to an experienced HVAC engineer.

Calculation Methodology
The basic approach is to use the excel solver application that applies a Newton-Raphson convergence methodology
on the calculation sheets. Each calculation sheet is essentially identical, using different inputs for the relevant
situation. Relevant data are taken from the input sheets and the solver iterates values for the pump speed and critical
throttling valve until a solution is reached for each flow rate. Note that the solver writes unique case values into
the sheet for pump speed and critical valve pressure drop, so until the calculation button is pressed, the
values will not be correct for a new situation that has been entered. If detailed inputs are provided on the
SystemInputs tab they are used, otherwise intermediate system pressures are estimated based on simplified inputs.
Parameters for each pressure position shown on the schematic are shown on the SystemInputs tab below the
schematic.
Once pump speed and pressure is calculated for each flow bin, the input efficiencies as projected to the selected
pump curve are used along with standard motor efficiency factors and the selected VSD power determination method
to calculate pump kW and pump kWh at each flow bin.

Output Worksheet
Worksheet "SavingsSummary"
This worksheet should be self-explanatory. If the system uses parallel pumping, with both pumps operating at all
times, savings will double the value shown.

Other Worksheets
Worksheet "PumpCurveFit"
The user doesn't need to do anything with this worksheet.
This worksheet estimates two polynomial fits to the input Pump data, a 4th-order fit for the pressure and a 3rd-order fit
for the efficiency.
These curve fits are used to estimate Pump performance in the Calc worksheets.
The worksheet also has a graph showing the Pump curves and some cells generalizing the curve so that it can be
used for different sized Pumps.
Worksheet "VFDeffy"
The user doesn't need to do anything with this worksheet.
This worksheet shows the sources of the data for motor and VFD efficiencies.

Problems?
Please email the California Commissioning Collaborative at info@cacx.org, if you encounter problems with this tool.

Instructions

Page 5

Links to Related Resources

Pumps and Your Processes: They Must Work Together
Using System Curves to Enhance Pump Performance
Pumps and Your Processes: When They Won't Work Together
Continuous Commissioning Guidebook (FEMP)
CCSM Measures for Water/Steam Distribution Systems
Workshop Report on DDC to the Zone Level
David Sellers' Blog
Right-Sizing Pumps, David Sellers, HPAC Magazine March 2005
2005 CA Building Energy Efficiency Standards website
2005 CA Building Energy Efficiency Standards Manual
2005 CA Nonresidential Compliance Manual
Using demand-based reset strategies, Reinhard Seidl

Data Inputs are color coded as follows: Required Data (enter site-specific data in yellow cells)
Note: Data is NOT input on this sheet! Optional Data (leave defaults if acceptable)
The following data is needed for this calculation.
Detailed Input Data or rarely overriden default calculations
Please see the reference guide downloaded with the tool for recommended testing procecures to acquire some of this data.
Input Data
Units
Input on Tab
Preferred Source
pump conditions at peak efficiency
pump Speed
rpm
pumpInput
hydronic Flow
GPM
pumpInput
Head
ft. Head pumpInput
Max Efficiency
%
pumpInput
Above for Design
pumpInput
pump curve data (default pump pumpInput
curve will scaled to specific pump
inputs, so not high importance.)

Site specific pump system conditions:

pump motor size
HP
SystemInputs
VFD size
HP
SystemInputs
VFD efficiency
Method

Initial Flow Factor

Pump nameplate tag, equipment

submittals
pump curve for main supply pump at
design speed.

Motor Nameplate
VSD Namplate

SystemInputs

X-axis variable
SystemInputs
Tested (or estimated) pump conditions at full open flow
D.P. at sensor[3-6] psi
SystemInputs
pump % speed for this test
SystemInputs
D.P. sensor[1-2]
psi
SystemInputs
Full hydronic flow
GPM
SystemInputs

Use Detailed Inputs

Check
differential Pressure psi
at noted points
Main pump
GPM
hydronic flow

Pump curve for investigated pump at

design speed. Where available, put in
actual pump efficiency.

SystemInputs
SystemInputs

Field test of pump flow and pressures

with all coil valves driven full open or
Balancing report of similar test. The
input for point [3-6] (differential
pressure at full flow) is probably the
most important input as far as
determining optimized pressure reset
schedules - obtaining measured data
for this point should be prioritized.

Check only if have all noted test data or good estimates

Field test of pump flow and pressures
with all coil valves full open

SystemInputs
SystemInputs

For four noted conditions, input flow conditions

differential pressure psi
VFDcalcInputs
setpoint

Recommended to leave this at 1.05

Actual control setpoint or trends. (greater

than pump curve max head for constant
speed)

Flow at various load GPM

condions

Operating hours at
each load condion

VFDcalcInputs

Flow trends correlated with outside air

temperature or load conditions.

hours/yr VFDcalcInputs

Flow trends correlated with outside air

temperature or load conditions.

Minimum
psi
differential pressure
setpoint for reset

VFDcalcInputs

Test in building after reset implemented

to verify lowest differential pressure
setpoint possible with no comfort issues.

cific data in yellow cells)

if acceptable)
verriden default calculations
ecures to acquire some of this data.
Secondary source(s)

System schematic for reference:

Comments

May estimate peak efficiency at point

near or at design point.
Use a pump curve for similar type
and impeller size. Efficiency may be
estimated using "estimate" button.
Building plans, balancing report or
maintenance manuals,
Use a pump curve for similar type
and wheel size.

Not used in calculation, for

documentation only
Include min & max flow points, max
efficiency point, and 7 other points;
where pump curve flattens at left,
input increasing head as flow reduces
to produce best results.

Plans or submittals
Plans or submittals or estimate
same as motor size
Bernier method has typically lower
efficiencies at low flow and higher
energy use than DOE-OIT method
Estimated design flow and head
conditions (calculate differential
across points [3-6] using pipe
presure drop calculations). If
measurements cannot be
obtained for full flow differential
pressure (point [3-6]), care must
be taken in estimating this value.

Used in chart titles only

If the differential pressure control does
not exist or is located too close to the
pump, it may be beneficial to test
differential pressure in hydraulically
extreme locations to justify installation
or relocation of differential pressure
sensing.

st data or good estimates

Piping simulation or Balancing
report of similar test.
Main pump hydronic flow may vary for
different test conditions.
Can get slightly improved accuracy
using factor of 1.00; but will take
longer to converge to solution

If necessary, the solution will increase

the flow factor. This occurs because
the estimated pump curve may be
slightly below the tested pump
capability.

Sequence of operation setpoint or

operator interview.

Required for Base, Reduced Setpoint

Case & for each load condition for DP
reset

Simulation of building with hydronic

flow trends by load condition, or
typical estimate based on similar
building.

Required for Base and Reduced flow

or hours Case

Simulation of building with hydronic

flow trends by load condition, or
typical estimate based on similar
building.

Required for Base and Reduced flow

or hours Case

Manufacturer's recommendation of
minimum valve inlet pressure for
proper operation.

Note: While pressure independent

valves typically require 5 psi to provide
accurate flow information, if valve flow
information is not necessary a lower
minimum setpoint can be used and
resets can be controlled from valve
position.

matic for reference:

Project Pump Info

Speed, rpm
1750
1750

Maximum efficiency point

Project Pump Design Point
Design point is optional entry,
for reference only

Flow, gpm
135
120

head, ft
120
125

effy p, psi
56.1%
52.2

Note: Hover over comment marked (red triangle) cells for more detail on inputs.

Pump Curve:

Generic (from B&G Series 80 2x2x7 @ 3500 rpm)

Pressure Rise, feet

Impeller dia., in.

7

Speed, rpm
3500

Flow, gpm
0
44
75
106
135
170
190
210
260
330

head, ft
229.0
228.0
225.0
221.0
212.0
198.0
188.0
170.0
130.0
0.3

effy
0.1%
30.0%
45.0%
54.0%
58.0%
60.0%
58.6%
55.5%
40.0%
0.1%

p, psi Water HP
99.6
5.8
99.1
8.5
97.8
9.5
96.1
11.0
92.2
12.5
86.1
14.2
81.7
15.5
73.9
16.3
56.5
21.4
0.1
25.1

Estimated Pump Performance

140.00
120.00

Pressure Rise
at 100% Speed

100.00

Pressure Rise
at 80% Speed

80.00

Max Ef f iciency
Point
Design Point

60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00

50

100

150

Flow, 200
gpm

250

300

350

400

Cases analyzed:
Baseline - Constant Flow
Details for case 0
Reduce Average Hydronic Flow
Details for case 1
Remove pipe obstructions
Details for case 2
Reset Static Pressure Setpoint by Coil PID
Details for case 3

Project Name

CHW CP-3

Firm or Analyst

Building Owner

Main Chilled Water

6-Sep-16

System Inputs
10
10
DOE-OIT
Temp

System Schematic
Motor size, HP
VFD size, HP
Method of obtaining VFD efficiency
X-axis variable for the chart of
"Pump Energy vs" (Temp/Flow)

7.30 Approx Pump SHP at design

Pressure drops from 2 to 1 must =

pressure rise from 1 to 2.

Pressure Drop Inputs

Simple Inputs

Pre ssure Rise, feet

Measurements taken when all control valves are full open.

40
p across differential pressure sensor [3-6], psi
100%
pump % speed
60.3
Max p across pump, psi (from curve)
54.5
p across pump [1-2], psi (valves wide open)
120
estimated flow from curve, gpm

Estimated Pump Performance

140.00

Pressure
Rise at 100%
Speed
Pressure
Rise at 80%
Speed
Entered Test
Data

120.00
100.00
80.00

Use Detailed
Inputs
158
125
170

Pressure at 2, psi
Pressure at 3, psi
Flow, gpm

125
120
170

Pressure at 3, psi
Pressure at 4, psi
Flow for this case

120
114
170

Pressure at 4, psi
Pressure at 5, psi
Flow for this case

114
110
170

Pressure at 5, psi
Pressure at 6, psi
Flow for this case

110
77
170

Pressure at 6, psi
Pressure at 1, psi
Flow for this case

Output Pressure Drop Characteristics

60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00

Project Name
Building Owner

50

100

Flow, 150
gpm

200

250

300

15

Loop pressure with

system off, psi.
CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

Name
Definition
Zdp2to3
z(2-3), p/(Flow^2)
Zdp3to4
z(3-4), p/(Flow^2)
Zdp4to5
z(4-5), p/(Flow^2)
Zdp5to6
z(5-6), p/(Flow^2)
Zdp6to1
z(6-1), p/(Flow^2)
Total pressure drop characteristic
differential pressure as a percentage of total P:

Value
0.001050
0.002897
0.000000
0.002897
0.001050
0.007896
73.4%

Pressure characteristic flow factor to aid convergance:

1.05

Initial flow factor (1.05 recommended):

1.05

Units
feet/gpm^2
feet/gpm^2
feet/gpm^2
feet/gpm^2
feet/gpm^2

Firm or Analyst
6-Sep-16

Scenario Analysis Inputs

Baseline - Constant Flow

Pump
Design

Diff. pressure
setpoint, psi:

52 PSI
135 GPM

Setpoint in feet

Ambient
Temp, F
102.5
97.5
92.5
87.5
82.5
77.5
72.5
67.5
62.5
57.5
52.5
47.5
42.5
37.5
32.5
27.5
22.5
17.5
12.5
7.5
Weighted
average flow:

Flow,
GPM
122
122
110
99
89
80
72
65
58
53
47
43
38
34
31
28
25
23
20
18
Total Hours:

Project Name
Building Owner

69.4

50

Reduce Average Hydronic

Flow
Diff. pressure
setpoint, psi:

50

115

Hours at Flow
2
35
84
133
343
539
686
707
679
392
217
35
7
1

Remove pipe obstructions

Diff. pressure
setpoint, psi:
Setpoint in feet

Flow,
GPM
104
104
93
84
76
68
61
55
50
45
40
36
33
29

Hours at Flow
2
35
84
133
343
539
686
707
679
392
217
35
7
1

26
24
21
19
17
16
3,860

Flow,
GPM
104
104
93
84
76
68
61
55
50
45
40
36
33
29
26
24
21
19
17
16

3,860
59.0

69

Hours at Flow
2
35
84
133
343
539
686
707
679
392
217
35
7
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

Diff. pressure
setpoint, psi:

30

Minimum psi for optimum reset:

Flow,
GPM
104
104
93
84
76
68
61
55
50
45
40
36
33
29
26
24
21
19
17
16

3,860
59.0

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

30

Reset Static Pressure Setpoint by Coil PID

Hours at Flow
2
35
84
133
343
539
686
707
679
392
217
35
7
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
Differential
Pressure
Setpoint, psi
27.02
27.02
21.88
17.73
14.36
11.63
9.42
7.63
6.18
5.01
4.06
3.28
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00

3,860
59.0

Firm or Analyst
6-Sep-16

Electrical Power vs. Flow

for Three Types of Flow Control

Savings Summary
12.0

#NAME? Baseline - Constant Flow energy use

Power [kW]

#NAME? Reduce Average Hydronic Flow energy use

#NAME? Savings
#NAME? Remove pipe obstructions energy use
#NAME? Additional savings to the reduced flow & hours scenario

10.0

Improved: Valve controls flow ; VFD controls p

8.0

#NAME? Reset Static Pressure Setpoint by Coil PID energy use

#NAME? Additional savings to the improved variable speed scenario

2.0

12
Baseline: Fixed speed or
high p setpoint
Reduced Flow or
Reduced Hours
Improved: Valve controls
flow ; VFD controls p

12

20

40

60
80
Flow [gpm]

Pressure Rise at 100%

Speed
Pressure Rise at 80% Speed
Baseline System Curve
Improved System Curve
Improved w ith Reset

Efficiency at 100% Speed

Efficiency at 80% Speed

With reset of p setpoint

120

Pump Performance and System Curves

10

100

140

1.000
0.900
Efficiency

0.0
0

Pressure Rise [feet]

Electricity Use [kWh]

4.0

Pump Energy vs. Ambient Temperature

for Three Types of Flow Control

With reset of p setpoint

6.0

#NAME? Total Annual Savings

Case Notes:
Baseline - Constant Flow
Details for case 0
Reduce Average Hydronic Flow
Details for case 1
Remove pipe obstructions
Details for case 2
Reset Static Pressure Setpoint by Coil PID
Details for case 3

10

Baseline: Fixed speed or high p setpoint

0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400

0.200

0.100

0
Ambient Temperature [F]
Project Name
Building Owner

0.300

0
0

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

50

100

150
Flow [gpm]

200

250

0.000
300

Firm or Analyst
06-Sep-16

Calculation of the Baseline Energy Use

Methodology
Baseline - Constant Flow

Ambient
Temp, F

Baseline: Fixed speed or high p setpoint

Design
102.5
97.5
92.5
87.5
82.5
77.5
72.5
67.5
62.5
57.5
52.5
47.5
42.5
37.5
32.5
27.5
22.5
17.5
12.5
7.5

Project Name
Building Owner

Flow, Hours at
gpm
Flow
120
122
2
122
35
110
84
99
133
89
343
80
539
72
686
65
707
58
679
53
392
47
217
43
35
38
7
34
1
31
0
28
0
25
0
23
0
20
0
18
0

P1,
feet
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35

Flow, % Flow,
Speed, of max at
% of %max pump
RPM
RPM MaxEff delta-p p, psi
1750
46%
89%
###
###
1750
47%
90%
###
###
1750
47%
90%
###
###
1750
42%
81%
###
###
1750
38%
73%
###
###
1747
34%
66%
###
###
1719
31%
59%
###
###
1697
28%
53%
###
###
1679
26%
48%
###
###
1664
23%
43%
###
###
1652
21%
39%
###
###
1643
19%
35%
###
###
1635
17%
32%
###
###
1628
16%
28%
###
###
1623
14%
26%
###
###
1618
13%
23%
###
###
1614
12%
21%
###
###
1611
10%
19%
###
###
1609
9%
17%
###
###
1606
8%
15%
###
###
1604
8%
14%
###
###

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

pump
head,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

P2,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

P3,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

min p valve
P4, (4 to 5) throttle
feet
feet
p
###
0.0
12.2
###
0.0
7.8
###
0.0
7.8
###
0.0
33.3
###
0.0
53.7
###
0.0
69.5
###
0.0
78.2
###
0.0
85.3
###
0.0
91.0
###
0.0
95.6
###
0.0
99.3
###
0.0
102.4
###
0.0
104.8
###
0.0
106.8
###
0.0
108.5
###
0.0
109.8
###
0.0
110.8
###
0.0
111.7
###
0.0
112.4
###
0.0
112.9
###
0.0
113.4

P5,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

9/6/2016
Firm or Analyst

Baseline - Constant Flow

at total flow reduction
p
P6, (3 to 6)
feet
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Project Name
Building Owner

p
P1pump
setpt,
P1calc,
delta-p, %peak
feet P1calc
feet Residual
PSI
effy
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
#NAME?

Pump
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Pump
HP
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

Flow,
gpm
120
122
122
110
99
89
80
72
65
58
53
47
43
38
34
31
28
25
23
20
18

Motor
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

VFD
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Pump
kW
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

effective
Pump incremental
kWh
exponent
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Firm or Analyst

Baseline - Constant Flow

t total flow reduction

effective
net
exponent Regression: Pump power vs. flow

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Note: Regressions may be inaccurate if appropriate flows are not input for all 20 load conditions

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#N/A
#NAME?
6
#N/A
#N/A
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#N/A
Third order equation - (see LINEST in excel help documentation for additional explanation)
#NAME?

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#NAME?
17
#N/A
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
Second order equation - (see LINEST in excel help documentation for additional explanation)
#NAME?

9/6/2016 Project Name

Firm or Analyst Building Owner

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

9/6/2016
Firm or Analyst

Calculation of Savings from Reducing Flows and Operating Hours

Methodology
Reduce Average Hydronic Flow

Ambient
Temp, F

Reduced Flow or Reduced Hours

Design
102.5
97.5
92.5
87.5
82.5
77.5
72.5
67.5
62.5
57.5
52.5
47.5
42.5
37.5
32.5
27.5
22.5
17.5
12.5
7.5

Project Name
Building Owner

Flow, Hours at
gpm
Flow
120
104
2
104
35
93
84
84
133
76
343
68
539
61
686
55
707
50
679
45
392
40
217
36
35
33
7
29
1
26
0
24
0
21
0
19
0
17
0
16
0

P1,
feet
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35

Flow, % Flow,
Speed, of max at
% of %max pump
RPM
RPM maxEff delta-p p, psi
1750
46%
89%
###
###
1750
40%
77%
###
###
1750
40%
77%
###
###
1750
36%
69%
###
###
1731
32%
62%
###
###
1707
30%
56%
###
###
1687
27%
50%
###
###
1671
24%
45%
###
###
1658
22%
41%
###
###
1647
20%
37%
###
###
1638
18%
33%
###
###
1631
16%
30%
###
###
1625
15%
27%
###
###
1620
13%
24%
###
###
1616
12%
22%
###
###
1613
11%
20%
###
###
1610
10%
18%
###
###
1607
9%
16%
###
###
1605
8%
14%
###
###
1603
7%
13%
###
###
1602
6%
12%
###
###

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

pump
head,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

P2,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

P3,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

min p valve
P4, (4 to 5) throttle
feet
feet
p
###
0.0
12.2
###
0.0
44.9
###
0.0
44.9
###
0.0
63.0
###
0.0
74.4
###
0.0
82.2
###
0.0
88.5
###
0.0
93.6
###
0.0
97.7
###
0.0
101.1
###
0.0
103.8
###
0.0
106.0
###
0.0
107.8
###
0.0
109.2
###
0.0
110.4
###
0.0
111.3
###
0.0
112.1
###
0.0
112.7
###
0.0
113.2
###
0.0
113.6
###
0.0
113.9

P5,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

9/6/2016
Firm or Analyst

Reduce Average Hydronic Flow

at total flow reduction
p
P6, (3 to 6)
feet
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Project Name
Building Owner

p
P1pump
setpt,
P1calc,
delta-p, %peak
feet P1calc
feet Residual
PSI
effy
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
#NAME?

Pump
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Pump
HP
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

Flow,
gpm
120
104
104
93
84
76
68
61
55
50
45
40
36
33
29
26
24
21
19
17
16

Motor
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

VFD
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Pump
kW
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

effective
Pump incremental effective net
kWh
exponent
exponent
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

9/6/2016
Firm or Analyst

Reduce Average Hydronic Flow

Regression: Pump power vs. flow

Note: Regressions may be inaccurate if appropriate flows are not input for all 20 load conditions

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#N/A
#NAME?
6
#N/A
#N/A
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#N/A
Third order equation - (see LINEST in excel help documentation for additional explanation)
#NAME?

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#NAME?
17
#N/A
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
Second order equation - (see LINEST in excel help documentation for additional explanation)
#NAME?

Project Name
Building Owner

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

9/6/2016
Firm or Analyst

Calculation of Savings from Reducing the Static Pressure Setpoint

Methodology
Remove pipe obstructions

Ambient
Temp, F

Improved: Valve controls flow; VFD controls

p

Design
102.5
97.5
92.5
87.5
82.5
77.5
72.5
67.5
62.5
57.5
52.5
47.5
42.5
37.5
32.5
27.5
22.5
17.5
12.5
7.5

Project Name
Building Owner

Flow, Hours at
gpm
Flow
120
104
2
104
35
93
84
84
133
76
343
68
539
61
686
55
707
50
679
45
392
40
217
36
35
33
7
29
1
26
0
24
0
21
0
19
0
17
0
16
0

P1,
feet
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35

Flow, % Flow,
Speed, of max at
% of %max pump
RPM
RPM MaxEff delta-p p, psi
1750
46%
89%
###
###
1496
46%
77%
###
###
1496
46%
77%
###
###
1448
43%
69%
###
###
1408
40%
62%
###
###
1376
37%
56%
###
###
1350
34%
50%
###
###
1330
31%
45%
###
###
1313
28%
41%
###
###
1299
25%
37%
###
###
1288
23%
33%
###
###
1279
21%
30%
###
###
1272
19%
27%
###
###
1266
17%
24%
###
###
1261
16%
22%
###
###
1257
14%
20%
###
###
1253
13%
18%
###
###
1250
11%
16%
###
###
1248
10%
14%
###
###
1246
9%
13%
###
###
1244
8%
12%
###
###

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

pump
head,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

P2,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

P3,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

min p valve
P4, (4 to 5) throttle
feet
feet
p
###
0.0
12.2
###
0.0
6.9
###
0.0
6.9
###
0.0
18.7
###
0.0
28.3
###
0.0
36.1
###
0.0
42.4
###
0.0
47.5
###
0.0
51.6
###
0.0
54.9
###
0.0
57.7
###
0.0
59.8
###
0.0
61.6
###
0.0
63.1
###
0.0
64.2
###
0.0
65.2
###
0.0
65.9
###
0.0
66.6
###
0.0
67.1
###
0.0
67.5
###
0.0
67.8

P5,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

9/6/2016
Firm or Analyst

Remove pipe obstructions

at total flow reduction
p
P6, (3 to 6)
feet
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Project Name
Building Owner

p
P1pump
setpt,
P1calc,
delta-p, %peak
feet P1calc
feet Residual
PSI
effy
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
69
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
#NAME?

Pump
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Pump
HP
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

Flow,
gpm
120
104
104
93
84
76
68
61
55
50
45
40
36
33
29
26
24
21
19
17
16

Motor
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

VFD
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Pump
kW
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

effective effective
Pump incremental
net
kWh
exponent exponent
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

9/6/2016
Firm or Analyst

Remove pipe obstructions

Regression: Pump power vs. flow

Note: Regressions may be inaccurate if appropriate flows are not input for all 20 load conditions

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#N/A
#NAME?
6
#N/A
#N/A
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#N/A
Third order equation - (see LINEST in excel help documentation for additional explanation)
#NAME?

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#NAME?
17
#N/A
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
Second order equation - (see LINEST in excel help documentation for additional explanation)
#NAME?

Project Name
Building Owner

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

9/6/2016
Firm or Analyst

Calculation of Savings from adding Static Pressure Reset

Methodology
Reset Static Pressure Setpoint by Coil PID

Ambient
Temp, F

With reset of p setpoint

Design
102.5
97.5
92.5
87.5
82.5
77.5
72.5
67.5
62.5
57.5
52.5
47.5
42.5
37.5
32.5
27.5
22.5
17.5
12.5
7.5

Project Name
Building Owner

Flow, Hours at
gpm
Flow
120
104
2
104
35
93
84
84
133
76
343
68
539
61
686
55
707
50
679
45
392
40
217
36
35
33
7
29
1
26
0
24
0
21
0
19
0
17
0
16
0

P1,
feet
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35

Flow, % Flow,
Speed, of max at
% of %max pump
RPM
RPM MaxEff delta-p p, psi
1750
46%
89%
###
###
1446
48%
77%
###
###
1446
48%
77%
###
###
1302
48%
69%
###
###
1172
48%
62%
###
###
1054
48%
56%
###
###
949
48%
50%
###
###
854
48%
45%
###
###
769
48%
41%
###
###
692
48%
37%
###
###
623
48%
33%
###
###
560
48%
30%
###
###
504
48%
27%
###
###
472
46%
24%
###
###
457
43%
22%
###
###
445
40%
20%
###
###
435
36%
18%
###
###
427
33%
16%
###
###
420
31%
14%
###
###
415
28%
13%
###
###
411
25%
12%
###
###

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

pump
head,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

P2,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

P3,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

min p valve
P4, (4 to 5) throttle
feet
feet
p
###
0.0
12.2
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.0
###
0.0
0.8
###
0.0
1.9
###
0.0
2.9
###
0.0
3.7
###
0.0
4.3
###
0.0
4.8
###
0.0
5.2
###
0.0
5.5

P5,
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

9/6/2016
Firm or Analyst

Reset Static Pressure Setpoint by Coil PID

at total flow reduction
p
P6, (3 to 6)
feet
feet
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Project Name
Building Owner

p
P1pump
setpt,
P1calc,
delta-p, %peak
feet P1calc
feet Residual
PSI
effy
115
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
62
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
62
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
50
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
41
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
33
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
27
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
22
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
18
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
14
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
12
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
9
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
8
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
7
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
7
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
7
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
7
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
7
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
7
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
7
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
7
###
###
#NAME?
###
###
#NAME?

Pump
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Pump
HP
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

Flow,
gpm
120
104
104
93
84
76
68
61
55
50
45
40
36
33
29
26
24
21
19
17
16

Motor
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

VFD
effy
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Pump
kW
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

effective effective
Pump incremental
net
kWh
exponent exponent
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

9/6/2016
Firm or Analyst

Reset Static Pressure Setpoint by Coil PID

Regression: Pump power vs. flow

Note: Regressions may be inaccurate if appropriate flows are not input for all 20 load conditions

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#N/A
#NAME?
6
#N/A
#N/A
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#N/A
Third order equation - (see LINEST in excel help documentation for additional explanation)
#NAME?

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
#NAME?
17
#N/A
#NAME?
#NAME?
#N/A
Second order equation - (see LINEST in excel help documentation for additional explanation)
#NAME?

Project Name
Building Owner

CHW CP-3
Main Chilled Water

9/6/2016
Firm or Analyst