Cuadros Estadisticos 2012 Es

Anexo estadstico
Contexto socioeconmico
AMERICA LATINA y El CARIBE c/

1990
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3966.4
4442.8
4571.8
4538.1
4495.5
4513.9
4718.4
4873.1
5081.5
5305.4
5456.6
5294.4
5553.6
5731.8
3787.5
4246.5
4411.7
4337.2
4298.7
4323.3
4551.7
4743.1
5011.9
5279.3
5480.3
5194.4
5571.0
5856.4
...
11.2
10.4
10.2
11.2
11.1
10.3
9.0
8.6
7.9
7.3
8.1
7.3
6.7
1684.6
9.2
9.4
7.2
8.5
11.2
7.2
6.4
5.4
5.5
8.2
5.6
5.8
6.7
1990-1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.3
2.9
-0.7
-0.9
0.4
4.5
3.3
4.3
4.4
2.8
-3.0
4.8
3.2
1.3
3.9
-1.7
-0.9
0.6
5.3
4.2
5.7
5.3
3.8
-5.2
7.2
5.1
Cuadro 2
POBLACIN TOTAL DE LA REGIN POR PASES , 1980 - 2020
(En miles a mitad de ao)
Pases
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Amrica Latina
Argentina
Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de)
Brasil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Hait
Honduras
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
Venezuela (Repblica Bolivariana de)
Amrica Latina
28 121
5 369
121 738
11 193
26 935
2 348
9 835
7 964
4 661
7 001
5 692
3 636
68 872
3 250
1 929
3 199
17 329
5 773
2 916
15 097
352 857
30 342
5 984
136 220
12 127
30 078
2 699
10 097
9 103
5 004
7 920
6 389
4 238
75 765
3 710
2 155
3 704
19 525
6 463
3 012
17 323
391 856
32 627
6 695
149 645
13 214
33 308
3 079
10 601
10 278
5 344
8 890
7 110
4 904
83 404
4 138
2 381
4 250
21 776
7 175
3 110
19 741
431 670
34 836
7 517
161 888
14 441
36 575
3 478
10 932
11 407
5 748
9 984
7 838
5 592
91 650
4 659
2 638
4 802
23 943
7 898
3 224
22 092
471 144
36 906
8 362
174 506
15 455
39 900
3 930
11 139
12 371
5 959
11 204
8 578
6 236
99 530
5 101
2 917
5 350
26 004
8 575
3 321
24 408
509 752
Caribe
Anguila
Antigua y Barbuda
Antillas Neerlandesas
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belice
Dominica
Granada
Guyana
Islas Caimn
Islas Turcos y Caicos
Islas Vrgenes Britnicas
Islas Vrgenes de los Estados Unidos
Jamaica
Montserrat
Puerto Rico
Saint Kitts y Nevis
San Vicente y las Granadinas
7
70
173
60
211
249
144
75
89
777
17
8
11
98
2 132
12
3 196
43
100
7
66
182
63
235
254
166
74
100
752
20
10
13
105
2 297
11
3 379
42
104
8
62
191
62
256
260
190
71
96
725
26
12
16
103
2 365
11
3 529
41
107
10
69
190
80
280
263
220
71
100
728
33
15
18
107
2 462
10
3 702
43
108
11
78
180
90
298
268
251
70
102
733
40
19
20
109
2 582
5
3 814
46
108
Santa Luca
Suriname
Trinidad y Tabago
Caribe a/
Amrica Latina y el Caribe b/
118
366
1 078
29 695
126
376
1 173
31 903
138
407
1 215
34 205
147
436
1 261
36 439
157
467
1 292
38 441
362 326
402 393
443 032
482 647
521 429
Fuente: (CEPALSTAT/BADEINSO), Base de estadsticas e Indicadores Sociales en lnea de CEPAL. Informacin proporcionada por el Centro Latinoamerica
(CELADE), Divisin de Poblacin de la CEPAL, revisin 2010 Base de datos poblacin y Naciones Unidas, Departamento de Economa y Asuntos Sociales, D
Poblacin Mundial, revisin 2010. Base de datos de poblacin, Edicin en CD-ROM.
a/ Incluye 24 economas: Anguila, Antigua y Barbuda, Antillas Neerlandesas, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Granada, Guadalupe, Hait, Islas
Vrgenes de los Estados Unidos, Islas Turcos y Caicos, Jamaica, Martinica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Repblica Dominicana, Saint Kitts y Nevis, Santa Luca,
Trinidad y Tabago.
b/ Incluye 46 economas: Anguila, Antigua y Barbuda, Antillas Neerlandesas, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belice, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, C
El Salvador, Granada, Guadalupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Guyana Francesa, Hait, Honduras, Islas Vrgenes Britnicas, Islas Caimn, Islas Malvinas (Falkland
Vrgenes de los Estados Unidos, Jamaica, Martinica, Mxico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panam, Paraguay, Per, Puerto Rico, Repblica Bolivariana de Venez
y Nevis, Santa Luca, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Suriname, Trinidad y Tabago y Uruguay.
, 1980 - 2020
2005
2010
2015
2020
38 652
9 209
186 146
16 339
43 187
4 320
11 293
13 455
6 073
12 678
9 261
6 899
105 934
5 455
3 197
5 904
27 728
9 246
3 325
26 726
545 026
40 370
9 995
195 153
17 149
46 448
4 669
11 298
14 490
6 218
14 334
9 884
7 619
112 364
5 813
3 474
6 458
29 272
9 907
3 373
29 039
577 326
42 119
10 746
202 956
17 889
49 633
4 978
11 281
15 446
6 405
16 158
10 510
8 378
118 283
6 236
3 741
6 993
30 994
10 539
3 430
31 267
607 982
43 774
11 476
209 474
18 535
52 663
5 239
11 232
16 308
6 619
17 992
11 114
9 103
123 527
6 627
3 998
7 494
32 708
11 125
3 494
33 359
635 864
14
84
186
101
319
271
281
69
103
746
52
31
22
109
2 682
6
3 782
49
109
15
89
201
107
343
273
312
68
104
754
56
38
23
109
2 741
6
3 749
52
109
17
93
208
109
363
276
344
68
107
763
59
41
24
108
2 790
6
3 742
56
109
17
97
212
111
383
279
377
68
108
773
60
43
25
106
2 828
6
3 747
59
110
165
499
1 315
40 177
174
525
1 341
41 646
183
548
1 363
43 041
190
569
1 373
44 322
557 038
590 082
622 437
652 182
porcionada por el Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeo de Demografa

ento de Economa y Asuntos Sociales, Divisin de Poblacin. Panorama de la
inica, Granada, Guadalupe, Hait, Islas Caimn, Islas Vrgenes Britnicas, Islas
nicana, Saint Kitts y Nevis, Santa Luca, San Vicente y las Granadinas y
Belice, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador,
, Islas Caimn, Islas Malvinas (Falklands), Islas Turcos y Caicos, Islas
o Rico, Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela, Repblica Dominicana, Saint Kitts
Cuadro 2.1
TASAS DE CRECIMIENTO TOTAL ESTIMADAS SEGN QUINQUENIOS, POR PASES, 1980 - 2020
(tasas por cien habitantes)
Pases
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
Amrica Latina
Argentina
Brasil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Hait
Honduras
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
Amrica Latina
1.52
2.17
2.25
1.60
2.20
2.78
0.53
2.67
1.42
2.46
2.31
3.06
1.91
2.64
2.21
2.93
2.39
2.26
0.65
2.75
2.10
1.45
2.25
1.88
1.72
2.04
2.63
0.97
2.43
1.32
2.31
2.14
2.92
1.92
2.18
1.99
2.75
2.18
2.09
0.64
2.61
1.94
1.31
2.32
1.57
1.77
1.87
2.44
0.62
2.08
1.46
2.32
1.95
2.62
1.88
2.37
2.05
2.44
1.90
1.92
0.72
2.25
1.75
1.15
2.13
1.50
1.36
1.74
2.44
0.38
1.62
0.72
2.30
1.80
2.18
1.65
1.81
2.00
2.16
1.65
1.64
0.59
1.99
1.58
0.93
1.93
1.29
1.11
1.58
1.89
0.27
1.68
0.38
2.47
1.53
2.02
1.25
1.34
1.83
1.97
1.28
1.51
0.03
1.81
1.34
Caribe
Anguila
Antigua y Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belice
Dominica
Granada
Guyana
Islas Caimn
Islas Turcos y Caicos
Islas Vrgenes Britnicas
- 0.10
- 1.40
0.90
1.00
2.20
0.40
2.80
- 0.50
2.30
- 0.70
3.60
4.70
3.80
1.20
4.50
- 1.10
1.00
- 0.30
1.80
0.40
2.80
- 0.80
- 0.70
- 0.70
5.10
3.90
4.30
- 0.30
3.30
2.00
0.00
5.10
1.80
0.30
2.90
0.10
0.80
0.10
4.60
5.70
2.20
0.70
2.40
2.50
- 1.10
2.30
1.20
0.30
2.60
- 0.50
0.30
0.10
4.10
4.20
2.10
0.30
4.10
1.60
0.70
2.20
1.40
0.20
2.30
- 0.20
0.20
0.40
5.30
9.60
1.40
0.20
Jamaica
Montserrat
Puerto Rico
Saint Kitts y Nevis
Santa Luca
Suriname
Trinidad y Tabago
Caribe a/
1.50
- 1.00
1.10
- 0.50
0.80
1.40
0.60
1.70
1.40
0.60
- 1.10
0.90
- 0.60
0.60
1.80
1.60
0.70
1.40
0.80
- 1.00
1.00
1.10
0.10
1.30
1.40
0.70
1.30
1.00
- 14.60
0.60
1.30
0.00
1.30
1.40
0.50
1.10
0.80
2.50
- 0.20
1.30
0.20
1.00
1.30
0.40
0.90
2.10
1.90
1.70
1.50
1.30
Demografa (CELADE), Divisin de Poblacin de la CEPAL, revisin 2010 Base de datos poblacin y Naciones Unidas, Departamento de Economa y Asunto
Poblacin. Panorama de la Poblacin Mundial, revisin 2010. Base de datos de poblacin, Edicin en CD-ROM.
Britnicas, Islas Vrgenes de los Estados Unidos, Islas Turcos y Caicos, Jamaica, Martinica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Repblica Dominicana, Saint Kitts y Ne
Vicente y las Granadinas y Trinidad y Tabago.
Ecuador, El Salvador, Granada, Guadalupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Guyana Francesa, Hait, Honduras, Islas Vrgenes Britnicas, Islas Caimn, Islas Malvinas
Caicos, Islas Vrgenes de los Estados Unidos, Jamaica, Martinica, Mxico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panam, Paraguay, Per, Puerto Rico, Repblica Bolivaria
Repblica Dominicana, Saint Kitts y Nevis, Santa Luca, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Suriname, Trinidad y Tabago y Uruguay.
ES, 1980 - 2020
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
0.87
1.64
0.95
0.97
1.46
1.55
0.01
1.48
0.47
2.45
1.30
1.98
1.18
1.27
1.66
1.79
1.08
1.38
0.29
1.66
1.15
0.85
1.45
0.78
0.84
1.33
1.28
- 0.03
1.28
0.59
2.39
1.23
1.90
1.03
1.40
1.48
1.59
1.14
1.24
0.34
1.48
1.04
0.77
1.31
0.63
0.71
1.18
1.02
- 0.09
1.09
0.66
2.15
1.12
1.66
0.87
1.22
1.33
1.38
1.08
1.08
0.37
1.30
0.90
2.50
1.10
1.50
1.20
1.40
0.20
2.10
- 0.30
0.30
0.20
1.50
4.60
1.10
- 0.10
1.60
1.00
0.70
0.30
1.10
0.20
2.00
0.00
0.40
0.20
0.80
1.20
0.90
- 0.30
1.00
0.90
0.40
0.20
1.00
0.20
1.80
0.00
0.30
0.30
0.60
0.80
0.80
- 0.30
0.40
1.20
- 0.20
1.30
0.10
1.10
1.00
0.40
0.70
0.40
0.90
0.00
1.20
0.00
1.00
0.90
0.30
0.70
0.30
0.60
0.00
1.00
0.10
0.80
0.70
0.10
0.60
1.20
1.10
0.90
cionada por el Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeo de

Departamento de Economa y Asuntos Sociales, Divisin de
a, Granada, Guadalupe, Hait, Islas Caimn, Islas Vrgenes

pblica Dominicana, Saint Kitts y Nevis, Santa Luca, San
ce, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,

nicas, Islas Caimn, Islas Malvinas (Falklands), Islas Turcos y
er, Puerto Rico, Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela,
ruguay.
Cuadro 2.2
TASAS GLOBALES DE FECUNDIDAD ESTIMADAS SEGN QUINQUENIOS, POR PASES, 1980 - 2020
(hijos por mujer)
Pases
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
Amrica Latina
Argentina
Brasil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Hait
Honduras
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
Amrica Latina
3.15
5.30
3.80
2.67
3.69
3.53
1.85
4.70
4.80
6.10
6.21
6.00
4.25
5.85
3.54
5.20
4.65
4.15
2.57
3.96
3.95
3.05
5.00
3.10
2.65
3.24
3.37
1.85
4.00
4.20
5.70
5.70
5.37
3.63
5.00
3.17
4.77
4.10
3.65
2.53
3.65
3.44
2.90
4.80
2.60
2.55
3.00
2.95
1.65
3.40
3.73
5.45
5.15
4.92
3.19
4.50
2.92
4.31
3.57
3.31
2.49
3.25
3.04
2.63
4.32
2.45
2.21
2.75
2.58
1.61
3.10
3.30
5.00
4.62
4.30
2.67
3.60
2.85
3.88
3.10
2.98
2.30
2.94
2.75
2.35
3.96
2.25
2.00
2.55
2.25
1.63
2.82
2.60
4.60
4.00
3.72
2.40
3.00
2.74
3.48
2.80
2.83
2.20
2.72
2.51
Caribe
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belice
Granada
Guyana
Jamaica
Puerto Rico
Santa Luca
Suriname
Trinidad y Tabago
2.36
2.36
3.05
1.92
5.40
4.23
3.26
3.70
3.55
2.46
3.64
4.20
3.70
3.22
2.30
2.30
2.65
1.77
4.70
4.14
2.70
3.09
3.10
2.26
3.10
3.65
3.00
2.80
2.28
2.17
2.64
1.73
4.35
3.46
2.55
3.09
2.84
2.18
2.85
3.15
2.60
2.10
2.12
1.95
2.33
1.64
3.85
2.81
2.50
2.50
2.67
1.99
2.55
2.60
2.80
1.73
2.09
1.82
1.87
1.50
3.35
2.43
2.43
2.15
2.54
1.84
2.24
2.10
2.60
1.61
Caribe a/
3.41
3.14
2.84
2.62
2.49
3.93
3.42
3.02
2.73
2.53
Demografa (CELADE), Divisin de Poblacin de la CEPAL, revisin 2010 Base de datos poblacin y Naciones Unidas, Departamento de Economa y Asunto
Poblacin. Panorama de la Poblacin Mundial, revisin2010. Base de datos de poblacin, Edicin en CD-ROM.
OR PASES, 1980 - 2020
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
2.25
3.50
1.90
1.90
2.45
1.92
1.50
2.58
2.35
4.15
3.54
3.31
2.21
2.76
2.60
3.08
2.60
2.67
2.12
2.55
2.27
2.17
3.09
1.75
1.82
2.36
1.73
1.50
2.37
2.15
3.71
3.13
2.94
2.06
2.54
2.47
2.74
2.43
2.53
2.04
2.39
2.12
2.09
2.74
1.66
1.75
2.27
1.62
1.52
2.20
1.99
3.30
2.78
2.62
1.93
2.35
2.35
2.46
2.28
2.40
1.98
2.26
2.00
1.98
1.74
1.91
1.53
2.94
2.30
2.33
2.05
2.40
1.83
2.13
2.05
2.42
1.64
1.90
1.67
1.88
1.58
2.68
2.17
2.19
1.94
2.26
1.76
2.00
1.91
2.27
1.63
1.84
1.63
1.85
1.62
2.48
2.06
2.07
1.85
2.15
1.70
1.88
1.79
2.14
1.62
2.36
2.25
2.15
2.30
2.17
2.05



ruguay.
Cuadro 2.3
ESPERANZA DE VIDA AL NACER ESTIMADA PARA AMBOS SEXOS, SEGN QUINQUENIOS POR PASES, 1
(nmero de aos)
Pases
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
Amrica Latina
Argentina
Brasil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Hait
Honduras
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
Amrica Latina
70.2
53.9
63.5
70.8
66.9
73.7
74.3
64.5
57.0
58.3
51.6
61.6
67.7
59.5
70.7
67.1
61.6
64.0
71.0
68.7
65.4
71.0
57.3
65.5
72.8
68.0
75.1
74.7
67.5
63.2
60.9
53.6
65.4
69.8
62.2
71.8
67.6
64.4
66.5
72.1
70.5
67.3
72.2
60.1
67.5
74.5
68.7
76.2
74.8
70.1
68.1
63.5
55.3
67.7
71.8
66.1
72.8
68.5
66.8
69.2
73.0
71.5
69.1
73.3
62.1
69.5
75.9
70.3
77.3
76.2
72.3
69.3
66.3
56.9
69.9
73.7
68.5
73.7
69.4
69.3
70.3
74.2
72.2
70.9
74.4
63.9
71.1
77.9
71.7
78.2
77.2
74.2
70.3
69.0
58.1
71.0
74.9
70.9
74.7
70.8
71.6
71.3
75.3
72.8
72.4
Caribe
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belice
Granada
Guyana
Jamaica
Puerto Rico
Santa Luca
Suriname
Trinidad y Tabago
73.7
72.9
68.3
72.8
70.9
65.5
60.0
72.2
71.0
74.0
66.8
70.3
66.5
67.7
74.5
73.3
69.4
74.2
72.0
67.4
60.7
73.9
70.9
74.6
68.6
70.5
67.1
68.6
74.5
73.6
69.4
75.0
72.8
70.7
61.5
75.5
70.4
74.2
69.8
71.3
67.6
69.1
74.5
73.7
71.0
75.3
73.4
72.6
63.1
76.9
70.3
74.9
70.2
71.3
67.8
68.8
75.0
74.0
72.6
75.7
73.8
74.3
65.7
78.1
70.9
77.8
70.7
72.3
68.1
68.3
Caribe a/
65.5
66.7
67.8
69.1
70.2
65.2
67.1
68.9
70.6
72.1
Demografa (CELADE), Divisin de Poblacin de la CEPAL, revisin 2010. Base de datos poblacin y Naciones Unidas, Departamento de Economa y Asunt
INQUENIOS POR PASES, 1980 - 2020
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
75.2
65.4
72.1
78.4
72.9
78.6
78.7
74.9
71.3
70.1
60.1
72.0
75.7
71.8
75.5
71.6
73.1
71.9
76.2
73.7
73.3
76.0
67.0
73.2
78.9
73.8
79.1
79.2
75.6
72.3
71.3
62.1
72.8
76.5
72.7
76.3
72.4
74.0
72.7
77.0
74.5
74.2
76.8
68.4
74.2
79.5
74.6
79.6
79.6
76.3
73.2
72.3
64.1
73.8
77.3
73.6
76.9
73.1
74.7
73.5
77.8
75.3
75.1
76.1
74.8
74.8
76.3
75.3
75.4
68.7
78.9
72.2
78.7
71.6
73.9
69.7
69.4
76.8
75.5
75.9
77.1
76.3
76.2
70.3
79.6
73.5
79.3
72.6
74.9
70.9
70.4
77.5
76.1
77.5
77.8
77.6
77.0
71.8
80.2
74.1
80.0
73.4
75.7
71.9
71.6
71.6
72.7
73.6
73.4
74.7
75.6



ruguay.
Cuadro 2.4
TASAS DE MORTALIDAD INFANTIL PARA AMBOS SEXOS, ESTIMADAS SEGN QUINQUENIOS POR PASES, 1980 (defunciones de menores de 1 ao por mil nacidos vivos)
Pases
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
Amrica Latina
Argentina
Brasil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Hait
Honduras
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
Amrica Latina
32.2
109.2
63.3
23.7
43.0
19.2
17.4
68.5
77.0
79.3
122.1
65.0
47.0
79.8
31.6
48.9
81.6
75.2
33.5
33.6
57.3
27.1
90.1
52.4
18.4
35.3
17.4
15.9
55.5
54.0
67.1
100.1
53.0
39.5
65.0
29.6
46.7
68.0
62.9
22.6
26.9
47.3
24.4
75.1
42.5
14.1
27.6
14.5
15.3
44.2
40.2
54.8
85.5
43.2
33.1
48.0
27.0
42.9
47.6
47.6
20.1
23.1
38.7
21.8
66.7
34.1
11.5
24.0
11.8
9.6
33.3
32.0
45.5
70.3
35.4
27.7
33.6
23.7
39.2
38.8
41.3
15.6
20.7
31.9
15.0
55.6
27.3
8.0
20.5
10.5
6.1
24.9
26.4
38.6
56.3
31.6
20.5
26.4
20.6
35.5
30.3
34.9
14.4
18.9
25.4
Caribe
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belice
Granada
Guyana
Jamaica
Puerto Rico
Santa Luca
Suriname
18.0
19.6
18.9
19.3
33.5
47.4
69.5
21.1
33.8
17.2
41.9
22.7
42.0
17.0
18.6
16.6
16.1
31.2
39.5
67.1
17.2
28.7
13.8
34.6
20.1
38.8
15.1
18.0
16.6
14.0
30.0
26.5
62.7
14.3
26.9
11.6
30.0
16.8
34.1
15.5
18.0
13.7
13.5
24.6
20.2
57.3
11.8
26.5
10.9
28.2
16.7
28.6
14.0
17.4
12.4
12.1
19.3
15.5
49.5
10.0
25.9
8.1
26.7
14.6
23.8
Trinidad y Tabago
Caribe a/
31.4
65.6
29.1
57.2
28.2
49.0
28.8
41.7
28.9
38.2
56.9
47.1
38.2
31.8
25.8
Demografa (CELADE), Divisin de Poblacin de la CEPAL, revisin 2010. Base de datos poblacin y Naciones Unidas, Departamento de Economa y Asunt
UENIOS POR PASES, 1980 - 2020
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
13.4
45.6
23.6
7.2
19.1
9.9
5.1
21.1
21.5
30.1
48.8
28.2
16.7
21.5
18.2
32.0
21.2
29.6
13.1
17.0
21.7
12.0
38.1
20.3
6.5
16.5
9.3
4.5
17.6
17.5
22.6
43.6
24.9
13.7
18.1
15.7
28.8
18.8
25.1
11.5
15.3
18.6
10.7
32.6
17.1
5.9
15.0
8.8
3.9
14.0
14.4
18.1
39.0
21.6
11.5
15.9
13.5
25.8
16.7
21.4
10.2
13.8
16.0
12.8
15.5
9.0
10.1
16.7
13.4
42.4
9.1
23.3
7.2
23.3
12.6
22.2
11.7
14.0
7.9
9.4
15.2
11.7
37.0
8.4
21.5
6.6
20.3
11.2
20.5
10.7
12.6
7.0
8.8
13.7
10.5
32.7
7.9
19.8
6.2
18.0
10.1
19.1
26.0
34.5
23.8
32.6
21.6
28.7
21.8
18.9
16.2



ruguay.
Cuadro 3
EVOLUCIN DE ALGUNOS INDICADORES SOCIALES DE DESARROLLO

Pas
Quinquenios Esperanza de vida al nacer

(aos de vida) (1)
Ambos
sexos
Amrica Latina
Argentina
Hombres
Tasa de mortalidad infantil

(por 1000 nacidos vivos) (2)
Mujeres
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
70.2
71.0
72.2
73.3
74.4
75.2
76.0
76.8
66.8
67.6
68.6
69.7
70.6
71.4
72.2
72.9
73.7
74.6
75.8
77.0
78.1
79.0
79.8
80.6
32.2
27.1
24.4
21.8
15.0
13.4
12.0
10.7
35.5
30.0
27.0
24.2
17.0
15.0
13.3
11.8
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
53.9
57.3
60.1
62.1
63.9
65.4
67.0
68.4
52.0
55.6
58.3
60.1
61.8
63.3
64.7
66.2
55.9
59.1
61.8
64.0
66.0
67.6
69.3
70.8
109.2
90.1
75.1
66.7
55.6
45.6
38.1
32.6
116.0
96.0
79.2
70.3
60.0
50.0
42.0
36.0
Brasil
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
63.5
65.5
67.5
69.5
71.1
72.1
73.2
74.2
60.4
62.0
63.7
65.7
67.3
68.4
69.4
70.5
66.9
69.2
71.5
73.3
74.9
76.0
77.0
78.0
63.3
52.4
42.5
34.1
27.3
23.6
20.3
17.1
70.2
58.8
48.3
38.6
31.0
27.0
23.5
20.0
Chile
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
70.8
72.8
74.5
75.9
77.9
78.4
78.9
79.5
67.4
69.6
71.5
72.8
74.8
75.3
75.8
76.3
74.2
75.9
77.4
78.8
80.8
81.4
82.0
82.6
23.7
18.4
14.1
11.5
8.0
7.2
6.5
5.9
25.8
19.9
15.3
12.6
9.0
8.1
7.2
6.5
Colombia
1980-1985
1985-1990
66.9
68.0
63.6
64.5
70.2
71.7
43.0
35.3
47.4
39.1
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
68.7
70.3
71.7
72.9
73.8
74.6
64.5
66.5
68.0
69.2
70.2
71.1
73.0
74.2
75.4
76.6
77.4
78.1
27.6
24.0
20.5
19.1
16.5
15.0
30.8
27.2
23.4
21.9
19.0
17.3
Costa Rica
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
73.8
75.2
76.2
77.3
78.1
78.8
79.4
79.9
71.6
72.9
74.0
75.0
75.8
76.5
77.0
77.5
76.1
77.5
78.6
79.7
80.6
81.2
81.9
82.4
19.2
17.4
14.5
11.8
10.5
9.9
9.3
8.8
21.4
19.6
16.4
13.3
11.8
11.2
10.6
10.0
Cuba
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
74.3
74.7
74.8
76.2
77.2
78.7
79.2
79.6
72.6
72.8
72.9
74.2
75.3
76.7
77.1
77.5
76.0
76.6
76.7
78.2
79.1
80.7
81.2
81.7
17.4
15.9
15.3
9.6
6.1
5.1
4.5
3.9
19.3
14.8
11.3
9.3
6.7
5.6
4.8
4.2
Ecuador
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
64.5
67.5
70.1
72.3
74.2
74.9
75.6
76.3
62.5
65.3
67.6
69.7
71.3
72.0
72.7
73.4
66.7
69.9
72.6
75.1
77.2
78.0
78.7
79.4
68.5
55.5
44.2
33.3
24.9
21.1
17.6
14.0
75.5
61.7
49.6
37.4
28.8
24.0
20.0
16.0
El Salvador
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
57.0
63.2
68.1
69.3
70.3
71.3
72.3
73.2
50.6
57.4
63.3
64.4
65.4
66.5
67.4
68.4
64.2
69.1
72.9
73.9
74.9
75.9
76.8
77.7
77.0
54.0
40.2
32.0
26.4
21.5
17.5
14.4
84.2
62.1
41.8
30.4
25.5
23.0
20.9
19.1
Guatemala
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
58.3
60.9
63.5
66.3
69.0
70.1
56.1
58.3
60.5
62.9
65.5
66.6
60.6
63.7
66.8
70.0
72.5
73.7
79.3
67.1
54.8
45.5
38.6
30.1
83.6
71.6
59.6
50.7
44.0
35.0
2010-2015
2015-2020
71.3
72.3
67.7
68.7
74.8
75.9
22.6
18.1
27.5
22.5
Hait
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
51.6
53.6
55.3
56.9
58.1
60.1
62.1
64.1
50.2
52.2
53.7
55.2
56.4
58.2
60.1
62.0
52.9
55.0
56.8
58.7
59.9
62.0
64.1
66.2
122.1
100.1
85.5
70.3
56.3
48.8
43.6
39.0
128.0
105.0
90.0
74.0
60.8
52.4
47.0
42.2
Honduras
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
61.6
65.4
67.7
69.9
71.0
72.0
72.8
73.8
59.4
63.2
65.4
67.5
68.6
69.6
70.5
71.4
63.8
67.7
70.1
72.3
73.4
74.4
75.4
76.3
65.0
53.0
43.2
35.4
31.6
28.2
24.9
21.6
71.7
58.9
48.2
39.7
35.5
31.8
28.4
25.0
Mxico
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
67.7
69.8
71.8
73.7
74.9
75.7
76.5
77.3
64.4
66.8
69.0
71.3
72.4
73.3
74.0
74.8
71.2
73.0
74.6
76.1
77.4
78.2
78.9
79.7
47.0
39.5
33.1
27.7
20.5
16.7
13.7
11.5
52.9
43.0
35.5
30.3
22.9
18.7
15.4
12.9
Nicaragua
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
59.5
62.2
66.1
68.5
70.9
71.8
72.7
73.6
56.5
59.0
63.5
65.9
68.0
68.9
69.7
70.6
62.6
65.5
68.7
71.1
73.8
74.8
75.8
76.7
79.8
65.0
48.0
33.6
26.4
21.5
18.1
15.9
87.5
71.8
53.8
36.9
29.9
24.3
20.5
18.1
Panam
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
70.7
71.8
72.8
73.7
74.7
75.5
76.3
76.9
68.4
69.3
70.2
71.3
72.3
73.0
73.6
74.2
73.3
74.6
75.7
76.4
77.4
78.2
79.0
79.7
31.6
29.6
27.0
23.7
20.6
18.2
15.7
13.5
36.0
33.9
31.1
27.6
24.1
21.2
18.2
15.6
Paraguay
1980-1985
67.1
64.9
69.3
48.9
54.7
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
67.6
68.5
69.4
70.8
71.6
72.4
73.1
65.4
66.3
67.2
68.7
69.5
70.2
71.0
69.9
70.8
71.7
72.9
73.7
74.5
75.3
46.7
42.9
39.2
35.5
32.0
28.8
25.8
52.5
48.2
44.3
40.4
36.7
33.1
29.8
Per
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
61.6
64.4
66.8
69.3
71.6
73.1
74.0
74.7
59.5
62.1
64.4
66.8
69.0
70.5
71.3
72.1
63.8
66.8
69.2
71.9
74.3
75.9
76.7
77.6
81.6
68.0
47.6
38.8
30.3
21.2
18.8
16.7
87.9
74.7
61.8
45.7
31.1
24.1
21.5
19.3
Repblica Dominicana
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
64.0
66.5
69.2
70.3
71.3
71.9
72.7
73.5
62.1
64.3
66.5
67.3
68.1
68.9
69.7
70.4
66.1
69.0
71.9
73.1
74.4
75.2
76.0
76.8
75.2
62.9
47.6
41.3
34.9
29.6
25.1
21.4
81.6
69.1
53.0
46.5
39.7
33.7
28.6
24.4
Uruguay
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
71.0
72.1
73.0
74.2
75.3
76.2
77.0
77.8
67.6
68.6
69.2
70.5
71.6
72.5
73.3
74.1
74.5
75.8
76.9
78.0
78.9
79.7
80.5
81.2
33.5
22.6
20.1
15.6
14.4
13.1
11.5
10.2
36.9
25.0
22.5
17.5
16.0
14.4
12.6
11.0
Venezuela
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
68.7
70.5
71.5
72.2
72.8
73.7
74.5
75.3
65.9
67.7
68.7
69.3
69.9
70.7
71.5
72.3
71.8
73.5
74.5
75.2
75.8
76.7
77.6
78.4
33.6
26.9
23.1
20.7
18.9
17.0
15.3
13.8
37.6
30.3
25.9
22.8
21.2
19.1
17.1
15.4
Amrica Latina
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
65.4
67.3
69.1
70.9
72.4
62.4
64.2
65.9
67.7
69.1
68.6
70.6
72.5
74.1
75.6
57.3
47.3
38.7
31.9
25.4
63.1
52.1
42.9
35.5
28.6
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
73.3
74.2
75.1
70.1
71.0
71.9
76.6
77.5
78.3
21.7
18.6
16.0
24.6
21.3
18.4
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
73.7
74.5
74.5
74.5
75.0
76.1
76.8
77.5
70.9
71.4
71.5
71.1
71.2
72.7
73.5
74.3
76.4
77.4
77.5
77.8
78.6
79.4
79.9
80.4
18.0
17.0
15.1
15.5
14.0
12.8
11.7
10.7
19.6
18.6
16.5
17.7
15.7
13.7
12.2
10.8
Aruba
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
72.9
73.3
73.6
73.7
74.0
74.8
75.5
76.1
70.5
70.8
71.1
71.2
71.5
72.3
73.0
73.7
75.2
75.8
76.0
76.2
76.4
77.1
77.8
78.4
19.6
18.6
18.0
18.0
17.4
15.5
14.0
12.6
24.0
23.0
22.0
22.3
21.7
18.9
16.6
14.5
Bahamas
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
68.3
69.4
69.4
71.0
72.6
74.8
75.9
77.5
64.5
66.0
66.4
68.1
69.8
71.6
72.7
74.2
72.4
73.1
72.6
73.9
75.2
77.8
78.9
80.5
18.9
16.6
16.6
13.7
12.4
9.0
7.9
7.0
21.1
18.6
18.5
15.2
13.8
9.2
7.9
7.0
Barbados
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
72.8
74.2
75.0
75.3
75.7
76.3
77.1
77.8
70.2
71.5
72.1
72.3
72.6
73.0
73.9
74.7
75.2
76.5
77.5
78.1
78.9
79.5
80.3
80.9
19.3
16.1
14.0
13.5
12.1
10.1
9.4
8.8
24.0
19.4
16.4
15.9
13.8
11.1
10.1
9.3
Belice
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
70.9
72.0
72.8
73.4
73.8
75.3
76.3
77.6
69.6
70.6
70.9
71.5
72.3
73.9
74.9
76.2
72.3
73.6
74.9
75.4
75.5
76.8
77.8
79.0
33.5
31.2
30.0
24.6
19.3
16.7
15.2
13.7
32.6
31.2
31.6
26.5
20.9
18.2
16.5
14.4
Caribe
Granada
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
65.5
67.4
70.7
72.6
74.3
75.4
76.2
77.0
63.4
65.7
68.9
71.1
72.8
73.7
74.5
75.2
67.4
68.9
72.5
73.9
75.7
76.8
77.7
78.6
47.4
39.5
26.5
20.2
15.5
13.4
11.7
10.5
53.3
43.2
30.0
21.9
16.6
14.0
11.9
10.3
Guyana
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
60.0
60.7
61.5
63.1
65.7
68.7
70.3
71.8
57.9
57.9
58.5
60.1
62.7
65.5
67.2
68.8
62.5
63.8
64.9
66.6
69.1
71.9
73.5
74.9
69.5
67.1
62.7
57.3
49.5
42.4
37.0
32.7
78.8
76.3
72.4
66.3
57.3
49.1
42.8
37.8
Islas Vrgenes de los

Estados Unidos
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
72.2
73.9
75.5
76.9
78.1
78.9
79.6
80.2
68.9
70.3
71.8
73.4
75.0
75.9
76.5
77.1
75.6
77.8
79.5
80.6
81.3
82.0
82.6
83.1
21.1
17.2
14.3
11.8
10.0
9.1
8.4
7.9
22.2
18.8
15.7
12.5
9.8
9.0
8.5
8.0
Jamaica
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
71.0
70.9
70.4
70.3
70.9
72.2
73.5
74.1
69.2
68.9
67.9
67.5
68.0
69.6
70.9
71.6
72.8
73.1
73.0
73.2
73.9
75.0
76.0
76.6
33.8
28.7
26.9
26.5
25.9
23.3
21.5
19.8
34.0
28.9
27.1
26.7
26.1
23.4
21.5
19.8
Puerto Rico
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
74.0
74.6
74.2
74.9
77.8
78.7
79.3
80.0
70.6
70.6
69.5
70.4
73.7
74.7
75.4
76.1
77.5
78.8
79.1
79.6
82.0
82.7
83.2
83.7
17.2
13.8
11.6
10.9
8.1
7.2
6.6
6.2
19.1
15.4
12.9
12.0
8.5
7.4
6.6
6.2
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
66.8
68.6
69.8
70.2
64.7
66.1
67.1
67.5
68.7
71.0
72.5
73.0
41.9
34.6
30.0
28.2
47.6
41.3
36.9
35.1
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
70.7
71.6
72.6
73.4
68.6
69.6
70.5
71.3
72.8
73.8
74.7
75.6
26.7
23.3
20.3
18.0
31.5
27.7
24.4
21.6
Santa Luca
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
70.3
70.5
71.3
71.3
72.3
73.9
74.9
75.7
67.2
68.2
69.3
69.7
70.6
71.4
72.2
72.9
73.3
72.7
73.5
73.1
73.9
76.6
77.5
78.4
22.7
20.1
16.8
16.7
14.6
12.6
11.2
10.1
26.9
23.7
19.8
18.8
16.8
14.3
12.4
10.9
Suriname
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
66.5
67.1
67.6
67.8
68.1
69.7
70.9
71.9
63.6
64.0
64.4
64.6
64.8
66.4
67.8
69.0
69.8
70.7
71.1
71.4
71.7
73.1
74.2
75.1
42.0
38.8
34.1
28.6
23.8
22.2
20.5
19.1
48.2
44.6
39.2
33.0
27.4
25.4
23.4
21.7
Trinidad y Tabago
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
67.7
68.6
69.1
68.8
68.3
69.4
70.4
71.6
64.6
65.0
65.4
65.1
64.6
65.8
66.9
68.1
71.2
72.5
72.9
72.7
72.0
72.9
73.8
74.9
31.4
29.1
28.2
28.8
28.9
26.0
23.8
21.6
33.7
32.3
31.3
32.0
32.1
28.8
26.1
23.5
Caribe a/
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
65.5
66.7
67.8
69.1
70.2
71.6
72.7
73.6
63.6
64.6
65.5
66.7
67.9
69.3
70.3
71.2
67.5
69.0
70.2
71.5
72.6
74.0
75.1
76.1
65.6
57.2
49.0
41.7
38.2
34.5
32.6
28.7
69.7
61.2
52.5
45.3
42.0
37.0
35.9
31.8
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
65.2
67.1
68.9
70.6
72.1
73.4
74.7
75.6
62.1
63.9
65.6
67.4
68.9
70.2
71.6
72.6
68.4
70.5
72.3
74.0
75.4
76.7
77.8
78.7
56.9
47.1
38.2
31.8
25.8
21.8
18.9
16.2
62.5
51.9
42.3
35.4
29.0
24.6
21.4
18.6
Fuente (1,2,3): Fuente: (CEPALSTAT/BADEINSO), Base de estadsticas e Indicadores Sociales en lnea de CEPAL. Informacin proporcionada por el Centro
CEPAL, revisin 2010. Base de datos poblacin y Naciones Unidas, Departamento de Economa y Asuntos Sociales, Divisin de Poblacin. Panorama de la
Fuente (1,2,3): Fuente: (CEPALSTAT/BADEINSO), Base de estadsticas e Indicadores Sociales en lnea de CEPAL. Informacin proporcionada por el Centro
CEPAL, revisin 2010. Base de datos poblacin y Naciones Unidas, Departamento de Economa y Asuntos Sociales, Divisin de Poblacin. Panorama de la
Fuente (4): (CEPALSTAT/BADEINSO), Base de estadsticas e Indicadores Sociales en lnea. Informacin proporcionada por el Instituto de Estadsticas de la
(UNESCO).
y Caicos, Jamaica, Martinica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Repblica Dominicana, Saint Kitts y Nevis, Santa Luca, San Vicente y las Granadinas y Trinidad y Tab
Guyana, Guyana Francesa, Hait, Honduras, Islas Vrgenes Britnicas, Islas Caimn, Islas Malvinas (Falklands), Islas Turcos y Caicos, Islas Vrgenes de los
Paraguay, Per, Puerto Rico, Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela, Repblica Dominicana, Saint Kitts y Nevis, Santa Luca, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Su
c/ Incluye 41 economas: Anguila, Antigua y Barbuda, Antillas Neerlandesas, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belice, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brasil, Islas Ca
Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Granada, Guatemala, Guyana, Hait, Honduras, Jamaica, Mxico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panam, Paraguay, Per, R
Luca, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Suriname, Trinidad y Tabago y Uruguay.
dro 3
SOCIALES DE DESARROLLO, 1980-2020
alidad infantil
por 1000 nacidos vivos) (2)
Mujeres
Tasa de mortalidad en menores de 5

aos (por 1000 nacidos vivos) (3)
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Tasa de alfabetismo de la poblacin de

15 aos y ms (porcentaje) (4)
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
93.9
96.1
94.3
96.2
93.6
96.0
28.8
24.1
21.6
19.4
13.0
11.8
10.6
9.6
37.6
32.0
28.2
24.4
17.4
15.5
13.8
12.4
40.9
35.0
31.0
27.0
19.7
17.5
15.6
13.9
33.8
28.7
25.2
21.9
15.3
13.9
12.4
11.2
102.0
84.0
70.8
62.8
51.0
41.0
34.0
29.0
165.0
128.8
100.4
86.6
72.2
60.6
51.5
44.5
173.9
133.7
103.2
89.3
75.9
64.8
55.5
48.2
152.9
120.5
94.5
81.3
66.8
55.8
47.5
41.2
56.1
45.6
36.5
29.4
23.5
20.0
17.0
14.0
78.5
65.9
54.3
43.0
34.0
29.1
25.2
21.4
84.6
72.7
60.8
47.6
38.0
33.2
29.1
25.0
70.4
58.1
46.9
36.7
29.1
25.1
21.6
18.2
74.6
21.6
16.7
12.9
10.3
7.0
6.3
5.7
5.2
27.6
21.5
16.6
13.6
9.7
8.8
7.9
7.1
30.4
23.8
18.6
15.3
10.9
9.8
8.8
8.0
25.7
19.8
15.2
12.3
8.6
7.7
7.0
6.3
91.1
38.3
31.4
58.6
47.6
65.5
53.1
53.7
43.7
97.2
97.2
97.8
97.2
97.8
97.8
80.0
88.2
86.7
91.2
72.3
93.1
95.8
76.4
88.6
90.3
72.9
88.8
90.4
91.5
90.8
94.6
95.7
98.6
88.4
90.2
94.3
80.7
86.8
94.0
95.8
98.6
95.6
98.5
24.3
20.6
17.4
16.1
13.9
12.6
37.4
32.7
28.3
26.0
22.8
20.7
42.3
37.2
32.3
29.8
26.1
23.7
33.5
29.0
25.0
22.8
20.0
18.1
81.4
91.2
92.8
93.2
93.4
16.9
15.0
12.6
10.3
9.1
8.5
8.0
7.5
23.6
20.0
16.8
13.8
12.2
11.4
10.7
10.0
26.3
22.7
19.0
15.6
13.8
12.9
12.1
11.4
21.3
17.9
15.0
12.3
10.8
10.1
9.4
8.8
92.6
16.0
11.2
8.5
6.6
5.5
4.6
4.1
3.6
21.1
19.2
18.6
11.7
7.7
7.7
6.9
6.3
23.0
18.8
15.6
12.0
8.4
7.1
6.1
5.3
19.8
14.8
12.2
8.8
7.0
5.9
5.3
4.7
97.8
61.1
49.0
38.6
28.9
20.8
18.0
15.0
12.0
94.6
74.0
57.0
41.3
29.9
25.7
21.8
18.0
101.9
80.8
63.2
46.1
34.5
29.4
25.0
20.7
86.0
66.5
50.6
36.3
25.2
22.1
18.8
15.6
83.6
69.0
50.5
33.6
24.3
20.3
18.1
16.3
14.7
117.5
80.7
48.8
37.4
30.3
25.9
23.7
21.6
127.2
86.8
53.2
40.6
32.8
28.0
25.6
23.4
108.4
72.3
43.6
33.2
26.7
22.6
20.4
18.4
74.8
62.3
49.8
40.1
33.0
25.0
119.3
96.5
74.4
58.7
48.5
39.3
120.8
99.5
78.4
64.1
54.5
45.0
114.6
92.1
70.1
53.2
42.4
33.9
81.5
91.1
92.8
93.1
93.3
81.2
91.3
92.9
93.4
93.5
92.7
94.9
92.6
94.7
96.2
95.1
95.9
96.4
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
86.8
88.3
80.4
90.5
91.0
84.2
91.9
99.8
86.2
92.3
87.1
93.9
89.7
81.5
90.5
74.1
77.4
79.8
84.1
84.5
71.3
81.5
86.8
87.1
78.4
81.8
82.3
64.2
71.7
69.1
57.3
75.4
63.3
17.5
13.5
31.4
26.3
37.0
31.3
26.0
21.3
75.2
116.0
95.0
80.4
66.0
51.1
44.6
39.9
35.7
175.4
147.7
126.8
100.5
82.4
71.5
63.6
61.4
178.2
151.0
131.7
112.0
98.3
85.1
76.4
68.7
165.2
140.4
121.2
102.3
86.8
75.9
68.0
61.0
34.7
57.9
46.8
37.6
30.2
26.7
23.6
20.7
17.8
104.4
78.8
62.8
52.3
46.3
41.6
37.0
32.5
109.0
80.9
66.0
55.0
49.6
44.6
40.0
35.6
92.1
66.7
53.6
44.1
39.5
35.3
31.5
27.8
40.9
35.9
30.6
24.9
18.0
14.6
11.9
9.9
57.4
48.2
40.1
32.8
24.7
20.2
16.8
14.2
63.6
53.0
43.8
36.0
27.5
22.6
18.8
15.9
50.7
43.7
36.7
29.6
21.9
18.0
15.0
12.7
71.7
57.8
41.9
30.1
22.8
18.5
15.6
13.6
117.3
89.8
61.9
43.7
32.1
25.7
21.7
19.0
127.8
98.1
69.0
48.4
35.9
28.9
24.5
21.6
106.4
81.8
54.3
39.0
28.3
22.7
19.1
16.7
27.1
25.2
22.7
19.7
17.0
15.0
13.0
11.3
42.7
37.9
33.8
30.4
26.9
23.8
20.8
18.2
48.2
42.7
38.1
34.5
30.6
27.2
23.7
20.7
37.8
33.1
29.3
26.1
23.0
20.5
18.0
15.9
88.1
42.7
64.7
72.4
56.1
78.5
80.6
70.3
37.1
58.7
48.7
32.5
63.1
53.4
54.9
44.6
80.0
83.6
84.8
79.8
83.7
84.8
80.2
83.5
84.7
83.0
86.2
79.9
87.6
90.5
91.6
93.4
93.1
90.3
92.6
93.2
94.9
94.4
76.7
78.0
76.8
78.1
76.6
77.9
88.1
88.0
88.2
92.5
94.1
89.3
91.9
88.8
85.0
88.7
90.2
92.1
91.9
91.2
94.7
93.5
81.1
75.9
40.6
37.3
33.8
30.4
27.2
24.2
21.6
60.9
54.7
48.6
42.5
38.3
34.4
31.0
68.5
61.6
54.9
48.5
44.1
39.8
36.1
52.6
47.4
42.0
36.3
32.7
29.3
26.2
75.1
61.0
48.8
35.3
23.5
17.8
15.6
13.8
116.6
93.3
76.9
58.2
39.9
32.8
29.2
26.1
124.3
102.3
84.7
64.5
46.0
37.3
33.3
29.8
108.9
86.1
69.5
50.9
34.5
27.7
24.6
22.0
81.9
68.5
56.5
42.0
35.9
30.0
25.3
21.4
18.1
88.0
72.5
55.9
46.7
39.1
33.1
28.1
24.2
92.8
77.8
60.6
52.1
43.5
37.2
32.0
27.6
79.0
64.6
48.5
40.5
33.1
28.2
24.1
20.6
73.1
30.0
20.0
17.5
13.6
12.6
11.7
10.4
9.3
37.3
25.8
22.8
18.3
17.6
16.2
14.2
12.5
40.8
28.7
25.9
20.7
19.2
17.4
15.2
13.3
33.8
23.3
20.2
16.1
15.4
14.3
12.8
11.5
95.4
29.4
23.4
20.3
18.5
16.4
14.8
13.4
12.1
41.9
33.8
29.4
26.5
24.2
21.8
19.6
17.6
46.9
37.8
32.6
29.2
27.1
24.5
22.0
19.9
38.3
30.1
26.0
23.6
21.2
19.2
17.4
15.7
84.7
51.3
42.1
34.4
28.1
22.0
74.5
61.3
50.0
40.5
32.5
80.8
67.0
55.0
44.8
36.3
68.0
55.5
44.8
36.1
28.5
90.3
92.0
93.8
93.9
94.4
94.8
93.1
92.9
90.1
73.9
82.5
84.6
73.6
72.5
95.9
96.2
97.3
97.6
97.6
98.6
98.5
86.5
83.0
90.7
93.0
95.5
87.2
88.3
89.7
94.8
89.8
86.8
88.2
89.4
98.3
98.1
96.8
81.7
93.7
94.9
87.0
88.2
89.5
92.9
87.9
89.6
87.2
88.6
89.0
93.3
95.7
92.7
95.4
18.7
15.9
13.5
28.1
24.4
21.3
31.5
27.5
24.1
24.5
21.2
18.4
16.3
15.4
13.5
13.2
12.2
11.7
11.1
10.6
18.0
16.0
14.0
13.0
12.0
21.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
14.0
13.0
12.0
12.0
11.0
14.9
14.0
13.8
13.5
13.0
12.0
11.3
10.5
21.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
26.0
25.0
22.0
19.0
16.0
15.0
15.0
14.0
13.0
12.0
16.7
14.6
14.5
12.1
10.9
8.7
7.9
7.0
21.0
19.0
13.0
11.0
9.0
24.0
21.0
14.0
11.0
10.0
14.5
12.6
11.4
11.1
10.2
9.2
8.7
8.2
15.0
14.0
11.0
10.0
10.0
34.5
31.2
28.4
22.8
17.6
15.3
13.8
12.9
32.0
25.0
21.0
18.0
16.0
95.1
95.2
96.5
95.0
96.5
96.4
97.3
97.5
96.8
97.1
96.9
96.7
18.0
16.0
12.0
10.0
9.0
18.0
16.0
12.0
11.0
11.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
10.0
9.0
34.0
27.0
23.0
20.0
17.0
30.0
23.0
19.0
16.0
15.0
70.3
70.3
70.3
41.2
35.6
22.8
18.4
14.2
12.7
11.6
10.6
24.0
18.0
15.0
13.0
12.0
25.0
19.0
16.0
13.0
11.0
22.0
16.0
15.0
13.0
12.0
59.8
57.4
52.5
47.8
41.4
35.3
30.9
27.4
79.0
68.0
56.0
48.0
42.0
91.0
78.0
66.0
56.0
48.0
67.0
57.0
47.0
40.0
35.0
20.0
15.6
12.7
11.1
10.2
9.2
8.4
7.7
13.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
9.0
14.0
11.0
10.0
10.0
9.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
9.0
33.5
28.5
26.6
26.2
25.7
23.3
21.4
19.8
32.0
31.0
28.0
25.0
23.0
32.0
31.0
28.0
25.0
23.0
32.0
31.0
28.0
25.0
23.0
15.2
12.2
10.3
9.8
7.7
7.1
6.6
6.2
13.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
14.0
11.0
9.0
8.0
8.0
11.0
9.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
36.1
27.7
22.8
21.2
34.0
42.0
25.0
79.9
74.1
86.6
85.9
81.6
86.7
91.4
87.7
89.6
85.9
89.7
90.1
90.4
89.5
90.5
91.0
89.8
91.0
21.8
18.8
15.9
14.3
32.0
28.0
24.0
21.0
38.0
33.0
29.0
25.0
26.0
22.0
19.0
17.0
18.5
16.3
13.6
14.6
12.4
10.7
9.9
9.2
22.0
19.0
16.0
14.0
13.0
23.0
21.0
18.0
15.0
13.0
21.0
17.0
14.0
13.0
12.0
35.2
32.6
28.7
23.9
19.8
18.7
17.5
16.3
40.0
33.0
31.0
29.0
27.0
45.0
38.0
35.0
33.0
30.0
33.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
23.0
29.0
25.7
24.9
25.5
25.6
23.2
21.4
19.7
36.0
36.0
33.0
29.0
26.0
40.0
41.0
37.0
33.0
29.0
31.0
31.0
28.0
26.0
23.0
61.3
53.0
45.3
37.9
34.1
31.9
29.2
25.4
55.0
49.0
45.0
41.0
36.0
59.0
53.0
48.0
45.0
40.0
50.0
44.0
41.0
37.0
32.0
50.9
42.0
33.9
28.0
22.4
18.9
16.1
13.8
41.0
32.0
28.0
24.0
21.0
45.0
36.0
31.0
28.0
24.0
36.0
28.0
24.0
21.0
18.0
89.6
94.6
94.7
92.0
95.5
95.4
95.0
87.2
93.8
94.0
96.5
96.9
93.5
98.0
98.4
95.7
99.0
98.8
97.8
99.2
98.4
85.8
87.1
85.8
89.7
89.7
91.4
91.4
84.5
87.1
90.6
90.6
92.1
92.1
84.5
89.0
89.0
90.7
90.7
macin proporcionada por el Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeo de Demografa (CELADE), Divisin de Poblacin de la
sin de Poblacin. Panorama de la Poblacin Mundial, revisin 2010. Base de datos de poblacin, Edicin en CD-ROM.
por el Instituto de Estadsticas de la Organizacin de las Naciones Unidas para la Educacin, la Ciencia y la Cultura
, Granada, Guadalupe, Hait, Islas Caimn, Islas Vrgenes Britnicas, Islas Vrgenes de los Estados Unidos, Islas Turcos
te y las Granadinas y Trinidad y Tabago.
e, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Granada, Guadalupe, Guatemala,
cos y Caicos, Islas Vrgenes de los Estados Unidos, Jamaica, Martinica, Mxico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panam,
a, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Suriname, Trinidad y Tabago y Uruguay.
e, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brasil, Islas Caimn, Islas Turcos y Caicos, Islas Vrgenes Britnicas, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,
aragua, Panam, Paraguay, Per, Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela, Repblica Dominicana, Saint Kitts y Nevis, Santa
Indicadores de pobreza y distribucin del ingreso
Cuadro 4
MAGNITUD DE LA POBREZA Y LA INDIGENCIA, 1990 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Poblacin bajo la lnea de pobreza a/
Pas
Poblacin bajo la lnea de indigencia
Zonas urbanas
Ao
Total
pas
Total
rea
metropolitana
Zonas urbanas
Resto
urbano
Zonas
rurales
Total
pas
Total
rea
metropolitana
Resto
urbano
Zonas
rurales
Argentina
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
16.1
23.7
45.4
34.9
30.6
24.8
11.3
8.6
5.7
21.2
13.2
17.8
19.7
41.5
31.8
27.6
22.3
9.6
7.3
5.0
21.2
28.5
49.6
38.5
34.1
27.7
13.3
10.1
6.4
3.4
6.6
20.9
14.9
11.9
9.6
3.8
2.8
1.9
5.2
2.6
4.8
4.8
18.6
13.3
10.4
8.7
3.1
2.3
1.7
4.9
8.8
23.3
16.8
13.7
10.6
4.5
3.3
2.1
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
62.1
60.6
62.4
63.9
54.0
42.4
52.6
51.6
52.3
48.7
52.0
53.8
42.4
32.6
43.4
48.0
50.5
40.6
32.6
57.7
58.2
60.4
44.9
78.5
80.7
79.2
80.6
75.8
61.5
37.2
36.4
37.1
34.7
31.2
22.4
23.0
19.8
22.6
19.8
21.3
20.2
16.2
11.9
17.3
18.8
17.3
15.4
11.9
23.9
25.0
26.0
17.4
61.5
64.6
62.9
58.8
59.0
43.0
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
48.0
45.3
35.8
37.5
37.5
37.8
38.7
37.8
36.4
33.4
30.2
25.8
24.9
20.9
41.2
40.3
30.6
32.9
34.1
34.4
35.8
34.4
32.9
30.0
27.0
22.8
22.1
18.2
70.6
63.0
55.6
55.3
55.2
55.7
54.6
54.1
53.3
50.1
45.7
41.2
39.3
36.1
23.4
20.2
13.9
12.9
13.2
12.6
14.0
12.2
10.7
9.0
8.6
7.3
7.0
6.1
16.7
15.0
9.6
9.3
10.4
10.0
11.5
9.8
8.3
6.7
6.7
5.5
5.5
4.5
46.1
38.8
30.2
27.1
28.0
26.4
27.5
24.1
22.2
20.5
18.1
16.5
15.2
14.9
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
38.6
27.6
23.2
21.7
20.2
18.7
13.7
11.5
11.0
38.5
27.0
22.0
20.7
19.7
18.5
13.9
11.7
11.3
32.1
18.4
13.4
14.6
14.4
12.4
10.4
8.4
8.7
43.5
33.4
27.8
25.0
23.4
22.7
16.4
14.0
13.1
38.8
31.1
30.4
27.5
23.7
20.0
12.3
10.4
8.7
13.0
7.6
5.7
5.6
5.6
4.7
3.2
3.6
3.1
12.5
7.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.4
3.2
3.5
3.0
9.3
4.2
2.4
3.3
3.9
2.8
2.4
2.5
2.5
14.9
9.3
6.9
6.4
6.0
5.6
3.7
4.1
3.4
15.6
9.9
9.4
8.6
8.4
6.2
3.5
4.4
3.8
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002 b/
2003 b/
2004 b/
2005 b/
2008 b/
2009 b/
2010 b/
2011 b/
56.1
52.5
50.9
54.9
49.7
48.0
47.7
45.2
42.2
40.4
37.3
34.2
52.7
45.4
45.0
50.6
45.7
45.1
44.0
41.4
37.3
35.9
33.2
30.5
37.6
33.5
43.1
31.6
32.0
28.9
26.8
19.7
18.3
15.6
13.2
48.2
48.9
53.1
49.6
48.7
48.2
45.5
42.3
40.8
38.1
35.3
60.7
62.3
60.1
61.8
61.2
56.6
58.5
56.6
57.2
54.4
50.5
46.2
26.1
28.5
23.5
26.8
17.8
15.7
14.9
13.9
16.5
14.5
12.3
10.6
20.0
18.6
17.2
21.9
12.4
11.2
10.1
9.2
11.2
9.8
8.2
7.1
13.6
11.3
19.6
7.0
7.0
6.1
4.7
3.4
3.2
2.6
2.0
20.4
19.1
22.7
13.9
12.3
11.2
10.4
13.3
11.7
9.7
8.5
34.3
42.5
33.4
34.6
33.0
28.8
29.1
28.0
33.0
29.1
25.5
22.2
Costa Rica
1990
26.3
24.9
22.8
27.7
27.3
10.1
6.9
5.7
8.4
12.5
Cuadro 4
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Ao
rea
metropolitana
Zonas urbanas
Total
pas
Resto
urbano
Total
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
23.1
22.5
20.3
20.3
20.5
21.1
19.0
18.6
16.4
18.9
18.5
18.8
20.7
19.3
18.1
17.5
18.7
20.0
18.0
17.8
15.6
18.5
17.0
18.3
19.1
18.8
17.5
16.8
17.0
18.7
16.5
16.2
13.9
16.7
15.3
16.6
22.7
20.1
18.7
18.0
25.3
24.9
23.8
23.9
22.3
25.4
24.5
25.9
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
51.2
48.3
43.0
42.6
42.7
42.2
39.1
35.4
62.1
57.9
56.2
63.5
49.0
47.5
45.2
39.9
38.8
39.0
40.2
37.1
32.4
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
54.2
55.5
49.8
48.9
47.5
47.9
46.6
45.8
44.4
38.7
39.4
41.2
42.3
41.1
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
69.4
61.1
60.2
54.8
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
Zonas
rurales
rea
metropolitana
Resto
urbano
Zonas
rurales
Total
pas
Total
25.0
24.8
22.3
24.3
23.1
22.7
20.4
19.6
17.5
19.5
20.8
19.6
8.0
7.8
7.8
8.2
8.0
7.0
7.2
5.3
5.5
6.9
6.8
7.3
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.4
4.2
4.3
5.4
4.8
6.0
4.6
5.7
4.3
5.5
5.1
5.1
4.8
3.8
3.7
4.9
4.3
4.8
7.1
5.3
6.5
5.6
8.6
7.3
7.9
5.7
6.4
7.3
7.3
11.2
9.7
9.6
9.8
12.0
11.0
9.0
9.8
6.8
7.3
9.1
9.9
9.5
58.5
54.5
49.0
50.0
50.2
46.3
43.1
41.4
22.3
21.2
16.1
16.0
18.0
18.1
16.4
13.9
26.2
25.5
22.2
31.3
19.4
18.2
17.1
12.8
12.4
14.2
15.5
14.2
10.1
30.5
29.2
22.5
23.0
25.6
23.3
20.8
21.3
34.7
29.8
29.8
32.1
33.2
32.6
29.7
55.1
56.6
48.7
47.7
48.6
49.5
49.3
64.4
69.2
65.1
62.4
56.8
57.6
55.8
21.7
23.3
21.9
22.1
19.0
17.3
16.7
14.9
14.8
13.0
14.3
13.8
12.8
12.7
8.8
6.3
7.7
9.9
8.4
7.3
6.4
20.1
21.9
19.0
19.2
18.8
16.8
17.2
29.9
33.6
34.3
33.3
26.6
25.2
23.5
53.6
49.1
45.3
42.0
77.7
69.0
68.0
66.5
42.0
31.6
30.9
29.1
26.4
16.0
18.1
14.8
50.2
41.8
37.6
42.2
80.8
77.9
79.1
79.7
77.3
74.8
71.5
68.9
65.7
67.4
70.4
74.5
72.6
71.7
66.7
62.7
59.4
56.9
54.5
56.3
59.9
68.7
68.0
64.4
56.9
50.3
48.7
47.8
43.3
46.2
79.5
80.4
77.2
78.8
74.4
72.5
67.8
64.0
63.2
64.2
88.1
80.5
84.2
86.3
86.1
84.8
81.5
78.8
75.1
76.5
60.9
53.9
54.4
56.8
54.4
53.9
49.3
45.6
41.8
42.8
43.6
46.0
42.1
42.9
36.5
35.1
30.0
26.2
24.5
26.0
31.0
38.3
35.5
33.7
25.1
23.3
19.9
18.0
15.5
18.3
54.5
53.7
48.6
51.9
45.3
44.5
37.9
32.5
31.5
31.9
72.9
59.8
64.0
68.0
69.5
69.4
65.3
61.7
56.2
56.8
47.7
45.1
52.9
46.9
41.1
39.4
37.0
35.5
31.7
42.1
36.8
46.1
38.9
32.3
32.2
32.6
28.5
26.8
56.7
56.5
62.8
58.5
54.7
51.2
44.1
47.5
40.1
18.7
16.8
22.0
18.5
15.2
12.6
11.7
11.7
8.7
13.1
9.0
14.3
9.7
6.6
6.9
7.0
5.8
4.4
27.9
27.5
33.0
31.1
28.5
21.9
19.3
21.7
16.1
Cuadro 4
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Ao
rea
metropolitana
Zonas urbanas
Total
pas
Resto
urbano
Total
2008
2010
34.8
36.3
29.2
32.3
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
73.6
69.9
69.4
61.9
58.3
66.3
64.0
63.9
54.4
52.9
58.3
57.0
50.9
48.7
47.8
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
36.9
32.9
31.0
29.9
29.0
27.7
26.4
25.8
25.3
31.0
23.8
23.4
19.5
26.2
21.6
21.7
19.5
18.7
17.0
16.3
15.1
15.5
Paraguay
1990
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
59.0
59.7
62.6
56.9
60.0
56.9
56.0
54.8
49.6
Per
1997
1999
2001 c/
2003 c/
2007 c/
2008 c/
2009 c/
2010 c/
2011 c/
Repblica
Dominicana
Uruguay
Zonas
rurales
rea
metropolitana
Resto
urbano
Zonas
rurales
Total
pas
Total
44.6
42.9
11.2
13.3
6.4
8.5
19.8
21.3
73.0
68.9
72.2
58.1
56.2
82.7
77.0
77.1
71.5
65.4
48.4
44.6
42.5
31.9
29.5
36.8
33.9
33.5
20.8
20.9
29.5
25.8
24.6
16.4
17.8
43.0
39.5
39.2
23.7
22.9
62.8
57.5
55.2
46.1
40.9
54.6
52.3
47.2
47.9
46.6
46.3
43.9
44.8
43.6
18.6
15.9
14.1
14.3
12.0
13.5
11.1
12.6
12.4
10.8
7.3
7.7
5.5
9.0
6.7
6.4
5.7
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.7
34.6
31.6
27.5
29.2
24.1
28.8
22.3
26.6
26.8
49.9
46.3
49.1
50.1
57.7
53.4
54.4
50.3
48.2
46.5
42.9
43.2
42.2
39.2
39.6
42.7
53.5
47.8
51.9
45.7
43.9
46.5
42.0
59.3
55.9
61.2
59.0
63.1
61.8
58.2
57.4
54.9
46.5
44.3
70.4
70.9
69.0
61.6
67.6
66.3
67.1
66.6
59.3
31.8
31.3
32.7
27.6
31.4
30.1
30.4
30.7
28.0
18.8
16.3
17.1
18.3
25.4
21.5
23.5
20.9
19.0
19.4
18.2
13.1
12.8
9.8
8.9
10.6
20.8
14.6
21.6
17.4
15.8
19.0
16.5
26.1
25.2
27.7
27.7
31.5
31.7
26.2
26.2
23.9
20.0
21.0
48.8
46.3
42.2
35.9
42.4
43.1
46.6
46.8
42.1
47.5
48.6
54.7
52.5
39.3
36.2
34.8
31.3
27.8
33.6
36.1
42.0
40.0
25.7
23.5
21.1
19.1
18.0
72.7
72.5
78.4
75.2
64.6
59.8
60.3
54.2
56.1
25.0
22.4
24.4
21.4
13.8
12.6
11.5
9.8
6.3
9.7
9.3
9.9
8.6
3.5
3.4
2.8
2.5
1.4
52.7
47.3
51.3
44.6
32.9
29.7
27.8
23.3
20.5
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
47.1
54.4
47.5
44.5
44.5
44.3
41.1
41.4
42.2
42.4
51.8
45.4
41.8
43.0
42.0
39.3
39.6
40.8
55.9
59.0
51.4
49.5
47.3
49.1
44.7
45.2
44.9
20.7
29.0
24.6
22.0
21.0
22.6
21.0
20.9
20.3
16.5
25.9
22.3
18.5
19.0
19.5
19.4
18.1
18.2
28.6
34.7
28.8
28.5
24.6
29.0
24.3
26.5
24.7
1990
1994
1997
1999
17.9
9.7
9.5
9.4
11.3
7.5
8.6
9.8
24.3
11.7
10.3
9.0
3.4
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.9
5.0
2.2
1.8
1.6
Cuadro 4
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Ao
rea
metropolitana
Zonas urbanas
Total
pas
Resto
urbano
Total
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
17.7
13.7
10.4
8.4
6.5
15.4
20.9
18.8
18.1
14.0
10.7
8.6
6.7
15.1
20.8
19.7
18.9
15.2
12.8
10.5
8.5
15.8
21.0
17.9
17.4
13.1
9.1
7.2
5.3
Venezuela d/
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
39.8
48.7
48.0
49.4
48.6
45.4
37.1
30.2
28.5
27.6
27.1
27.8
29.5
38.6
47.1
47.3
29.2
25.8
Amrica
Latina e/
1980
1986
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
40.5
43.3
48.4
45.8
43.5
43.8
43.9
39.7
36.2
34.0
33.5
32.8
31.0
29.4
29.8
35.5
41.4
38.8
36.4
37.1
38.3
34.0
30.9
28.8
27.7
27.2
25.5
24.2
Zonas
rurales
rea
metropolitana
Resto
urbano
Total
12.6
9.4
5.9
4.2
4.1
3.0
3.4
1.9
1.4
1.1
2.5
4.7
4.1
3.1
3.5
2.0
1.4
1.1
2.7
6.1
5.8
4.5
4.6
3.1
2.3
1.7
2.2
3.3
2.4
1.9
2.7
1.1
0.7
0.6
2.4
2.4
1.3
1.1
0.6
41.2
51.9
46.0
55.6
58.9
14.4
19.2
20.5
21.7
22.2
19.0
15.9
9.9
8.5
9.9
9.8
10.7
11.7
13.1
17.1
19.7
8.0
6.1
14.5
19.6
21.3
28.3
32.2
59.8
59.9
65.2
64.4
63.8
64.1
62.4
59.8
55.2
53.0
55.0
54.3
52.4
49.8
18.6
20.7
22.6
20.9
19.0
18.6
19.3
15.4
13.3
12.5
12.9
13.0
12.1
11.5
10.6
13.5
15.3
13.7
12.2
12.0
13.4
10.3
8.5
8.0
8.1
8.3
7.6
7.2
32.7
36.0
40.1
40.1
38.3
38.7
38.4
33.3
30.4
28.9
31.0
31.0
29.5
28.8
a/ Incluye a las personas bajo la lnea de indigencia o en situacin de extrema pobreza.

b/ Cifras del Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) y Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) de Colombia. Las cifras desde
2002 en adelante no son estrictamente comparables con las anteriores, debido a cambios metodolgicos efectuados por el DNP-DANE.
c/ Cifras del Instituto Nacional de Estadstica e Informtica (INEI) del Per. Las cifras desde 2004 en adelante no son estrictamente comparables con las
anteriores, debido a cambios metodolgicos efectuados por el INEI.
d/ A partir de 1998 el diseo muestral de la encuesta no permite el desglose urbano-rural. Por lo tanto, las cifras corresponden al total nacional.
e/ Estimacin para 18 pases de la regin ms Hait.
Sin informacin.
Zonas
rurales
Total
pas
Cuadro 5
ENCUESTAS DE HOGARES UTILIZADAS EN LA MEDICIN DE LA INDIGENCIA Y LA POBREZA, 1990 - 2011
Pases
Ao
Encuesta
1990
Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
Bolivia
1989
Encuesta Integrada de Hogares - EIH
(Estado
1994
Encuesta Integrada de Hogares - EIH
Plurinacional de)
1997
Encuesta Nacional de Empleo - ENE
1999
Encuesta Continua de Hogares - ECH
Argentina
Brasil
Chile
2002
Encuesta de Hogares
2004
2007
2009
1990
Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicilios - PNAD
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
1990
Encuesta de Caracterizacin Socioeconmica Nacional - CASEN
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
Colombia
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
2009
2011
1991
Encuesta Nacional de Hogares - Fuerza de Trabajo
1994
1997
1999
2002
Encuesta Continua de Hogares
2002
2004
2005
2008
Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares
2009
2010
2011
1990
Encuesta de Hogares de Propsitos Mltiples
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Encuesta Nacional de Hogares - ENAHO
2011
Encuesta Nacional de Hogares - ENAHO
1990
Encuesta de Empleo y Desempleo en el rea Urbana
1994
1997
1999
Encuesta de Empleo, Subempleo y Desempleo en el Area Urbana
2002
Encuesta de Empleo, Subempleo y Desempleo en el Area Urbana
2004
Encuesta de Empleo, Subempleo y Desempleo en el Area Urbana y Rural
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
Guatemala
Honduras
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
2010
1989
Encuesta Nacional Socio-Demogrfica
1998
Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos Familiares
2002
Encuesta Nacional sobre Empleo e Ingresos
2006
Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida - ENCOVI
1990
Encuesta Permanente de Hogares de Propsitos Mltiples
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
1989
Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares - ENIGH
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
1993
Encuesta Nacional de Hogares sobre Medicin de Niveles de Vida
1997
VI Encuesta de Hogares para la Medicin del Empleo Urbano
1998
2001
2005
2009
1991
Encuesta de Hogares
1994
Encuesta de Hogares
1997
Encuesta de Hogares
1999
Encuesta de Hogares
2002
Encuesta de Hogares
2004
Encuesta de Hogares
2005
Encuesta de Hogares
2006
Encuesta de Hogares
2007
Encuesta de Hogares
2008
Encuesta de Hogares
2009
Encuesta de Hogares
2010
Encuesta de Hogares
2011
Encuesta de Hogares
Paraguay
1990
Encuesta de Hogares (Mano de Obra)
1994
1996
1999
Encuesta Permanente de Hogares
2001
Encuesta Integrada de Hogares
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1997
Encuesta Nacional de Hogares Condiciones de Vida y Pobreza
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Repblica
2002
Encuesta de Fuerza de Trabajo - EFT
Dominicana
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Venezuela
1990
Encuesta de Hogares por Muestreo
(Repblica
1994
Bolivariana de)
1997
Per
Uruguay
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
DE LA INDIGENCIA Y LA POBREZA, 1990 - 2011

Perodo de
Cobertura Geogrfica
referencia de la
encuesta
rea Urbana (rea Metropolitana)
Octubre
rea Urbana (20 Aglomerados urbanos)
Octubre
rea Urbana (Gran Buenos Aires)
Octubre
Octubre
Octubre
2 sem.
2 sem.
2 sem.
Ao
Ao
Ao
Ciudades capitales y El Alto
Noviembre
Ciudades capitales y El Alto
Julio - diciembre
Nacional
Noviembre
Nacional
Noviembre
Nacional
Nov. - dic.
Nacional
Nov. 03 - nov. 04
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Noviembre
Nacional
Noviembre
Nacional
Noviembre
Nacional
Noviembre
Nacional
Noviembre
Nacional
Noviembre
Nacional
Nov. - dic.
Nacional
Nov. - dic.
Nacional
Oct. 11 - ene. 12
Nacional
Diciembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
Nacional
Julio
rea Urbana
Noviembre
rea Urbana
Noviembre
rea Urbana
Noviembre
rea Urbana
Noviembre
rea Urbana
Diciembre
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Diciembre
Nacional
Diciembre
Nacional
Diciembre
Nacional
Diciembre
Nacional
Diciembre
Nacional
Diciembre
Nacional
Diciembre
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Jul. - dic.
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Abr. - jul.
Nacional
Mar.98 - mar.99
Nacional
Oct. - nov.
Nacional
Mar. - sept.
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Octubre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Septiembre
Nacional
Mayo
Nacional
Mayo
Nacional
3er trim.
Nacional
3er trim.
Nacional
3er trim.
Nacional
3er trim.
Nacional
3er trim.
Nacional
3er trim.
Nacional
3er trim.
Nacional
3er trim.
Nacional
3er trim.
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ago - nov.
Nacional
Feb.- jun.
rea Urbana
Octubre
Nacional
Abr. - ago.
Nacional
Abr. - jul.
Nacional
Jul. - oct.
Nacional
Sep. - nov.
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
Nacional
Agosto
rea Metropolitana de Asuncin
Jun., jul., ago.
rea Urbana
Ago.- sep.
rea Urbana
Ago. - dic.
Nacional
Ago. - dic.
Nacional
Sep. 00 - ago. 01
Nacional
Ago. - nov.
Nacional
Oct. - dic.
Nacional
Oct. - dic.
Nacional
Oct. - dic.
Nacional
Oct. - dic.
Nacional
Oct. - dic.
Nacional
Oct. - dic.
Nacional
4 trim.
Nacional
4 trim.
Nacional
4 trim.
Nacional
May. 03 - may.04
Nacional
Ene. - dic.
Nacional
Ene. - dic.
Nacional
Ene. - dic.
Nacional
Ene. - dic.
Nacional
Ene. - dic.
Nacional
Octubre
Nacional
Octubre
Nacional
Octubre
Nacional
Octubre
Nacional
Octubre
Nacional
Octubre
Nacional
Octubre
Nacional
Octubre
Nacional
Octubre
rea Urbana
2 sem.
rea Urbana
2 sem.
rea Urbana
Ao
rea Urbana
Ao
rea Urbana
Ao
rea Urbana
Ao
rea Urbana
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
Ao
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Nacional
2 sem.
Cuadro 6
LNEAS DE INDIGENCIA (LI) Y DE POBREZA (LP)
(En valores mensuales por persona)
Pases
Ao
Perodo de
Moneda
referencia de los
a/
Urbano
LI
ingresos
Argentina
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
Brasil
Chile
Colombia
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
1989
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
c/
c/
Rural
LP
LI
Cambio
LP
b/
Urbano
LI
LP
Moneda corriente
Dlares
Septiembre
255 928
511 856
5 791
44
88
Septiembre
72
144
1.0
72
144
Septiembre
76
151
1.0
76
151
Septiembre
73
146
1.0
73
146
Octubre
99
198
3.6
27
55
2 sem.
111
221
3.0
37
75
2 sem.
125
250
2.9
43
86
2 sem.
138
276
3.1
45
90
Ao
165
342
3.7
45
92
Ao
189
380
3.9
49
97
Ao
206
416
4.1
50
101
Octubre
Bs
68
137
2.9
24
47
Jun.-nov.
Bs
120
240
4.7
26
51
Mayo
Bs
155
309
125
219
5.3
29
59
Oct.-nov.
Bs
167
333
130
228
5.9
28
56
Oct.-nov.
Bs
167
334
133
234
7.4
23
45
Nov. 03 - nov. 04
Bs
180
359
144
252
7.9
23
45
Ao
Bs
232
449
180
307
7.9
30
57
Ao
Bs
297
529
221
356
7.0
42
75
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
Septiembre
Cr$
3 109
6 572
2 634
4 967
75.5
41
87
Septiembre
Cr$
3 400
7 390
2 864
5 466
111.2
31
66
Septiembre
R$
44
104
38
76
1.0
44
102
Septiembre
R$
51
126
43
91
1.9
27
66
Septiembre
R$
58
142
50
105
2.7
22
53
Septiembre
R$
63
155
54
114
3.4
19
46
Septiembre
R$
75
178
65
133
2.9
26
61
Septiembre
R$
79
191
68
149
2.9
27
66
Septiembre
R$
83
208
72
161
2.3
36
91
Septiembre
R$
85
221
75
172
2.2
39
102
Septiembre
R$
89
222
78
173
1.9
47
117
Septiembre
R$
96
225
84
177
1.8
53
125
Septiembre
R$
100
238
88
188
1.8
55
131
Septiembre
R$
112
261
98
206
1.7
65
150
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
Noviembre
Ch$
9 297
18 593
7 164
12 538
327
28
57
Noviembre
Ch$
15 047
30 091
11 597
20 295
413
36
73
Noviembre
Ch$
17 134
34 265
13 204
23 108
420
41
82
Noviembre
Ch$
18 943
37 885
14 598
25 546
463
41
82
Noviembre
Ch$
20 280
40 558
15 616
27 328
525
39
77
Noviembre
Ch$
21 853
43 705
16 842
29 473
625
35
70
Noviembre
Ch$
23 549
47 099
18 146
31 756
527
45
89
Noviembre
Ch$
31 422
56 383
24 213
38 638
508
62
111
Noviembre
Ch$
35 535
61 613
27 382
42 453
508
70
121
1991
1994
1997
Agosto
Col$
18 094
36 188
14 915
26 102
646
28
56
Agosto
Col$
31 626
63 253
26 074
45 629
815
39
78
Agosto
Col$
53 737
107 474
44 333
77 583
1 141
47
94
Cuadro 6
Pases
Ao
Perodo de
Moneda
referencia de los
a/
Urbano
LI
ingresos
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Rural
LP
LI
Cambio
LP
b/
Urbano
LI
LP
Moneda corriente
Dlares
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Agosto
Col$
69 836
139 711
57 629
100 851
1 874
37
75
Ao
Col$
53 890
134 732
44 010
79 689
2 504
22
54
Ao
Col$
57 976
144 749
47 458
85 698
2 878
20
50
Ao
Col$
61 256
153 292
50 055
90 728
2 629
23
58
Ao
Col$
65 152
161 838
53 285
95 966
2 321
28
70
Ao
Col$
83 747
193 702
69 134
115 703
1 968
43
98
Ao
Col$
86 748
202 199
71 262
120 790
2 167
40
93
Ao
Col$
87 400
207 004
71 392
123 502
1 899
46
109
Ao
Col$
91 649
215 215
74 855
128 594
1 848
50
116
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Junio
2 639
5 277
2 081
3 642
90
29
59
Junio
5 264
10 527
4 153
7 268
156
34
68
Junio
8 604
17 208
6 778
11 862
233
37
74
Junio
10 707
21 415
8 463
14 811
285
38
75
Junio
14 044
28 089
11 132
19 481
358
39
78
Junio
18 009
36 019
14 042
24 576
436
41
83
Junio
20 905
41 810
16 298
28 522
476
44
88
Junio
23 562
47 124
18 372
32 148
512
46
92
Junio
25 866
51 294
20 167
35 035
519
50
99
Junio
31 324
58 244
24 423
40 165
520
60
112
Junio
34 513
63 098
26 910
43 626
577
60
109
Junio
36 475
67 170
28 403
46 300
535
68
126
Junio
38 448
70 612
29 938
48 722
506
76
140
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Noviembre
S/.
18 465
36 930
855
22
43
Noviembre
S/.
69 364
138 729
2 301
30
60
Octubre
S/.
142 233
284 465
4 195
34
68
Octubre
S/.
301 716
603 432
15 657
19
39
Noviembre
US $
35
69
1.0
35
69
Julio
US $
37
75
26
46
1.0
37
75
Noviembre
US $
39
77
27
48
1.0
39
77
Noviembre
US $
40
80
28
49
1.0
40
80
Noviembre
US $
42
82
29
51
1.0
42
82
Noviembre
US $
49
91
34
57
1.0
49
91
Noviembre
US $
50
94
36
59
1.0
50
94
Noviembre
US $
53
98
38
61
1.0
53
98
Noviembre
US $
58
104
41
65
1.0
58
104
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
Ene.-dic.
254
508
158
315
8.76
29
58
Ene.-dic.
290
580
187
374
8.76
33
66
Ene.-dic.
293
586
189
378
8.76
33
67
Ene.-dic.
305
610
197
394
8.75
35
70
Ao
US $
38
76
25
49
1.0
38
76
Ao
US $
48
95
31
61
1.0
48
95
Ao
US $
48
96
31
62
1.0
48
96
1989
1998
2002
Abril
63
127
50
88
2.7
23
47
Dic.97 - dic.98
260
519
197
344
6.4
41
81
Oct. - nov.
334
668
255
446
7.7
44
87
Cuadro 6
Pases
Ao
Perodo de
Moneda
referencia de los
a/
Urbano
LI
ingresos
Honduras
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Rural
LP
LI
Cambio
LP
b/
Urbano
LI
LP
Moneda corriente
Dlares
2006
Mar. - sept.
467
935
362
633
7.6
61
123
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
Agosto
115
229
81
141
4.3
26
53
Septiembre
257
513
181
316
9.0
29
57
Agosto
481
963
339
593
13.1
37
74
Agosto
561
1 122
395
691
14.3
39
79
Agosto
689
1 378
485
849
16.6
42
83
Agosto
707
1 414
498
871
17.5
40
81
Agosto
869
1 738
612
1 070
18.9
46
92
Agosto
945
1 872
665
1 155
18.9
50
99
Abril
1 149
2 188
809
1 358
18.9
61
116
Abril
1 145
2 263
806
1 396
18.9
61
120
3er trim.
86 400
172 800
68 810
120 418
2 510
34
69
3 trim.
MN$
213
425
151
265
3.3
64
127
3er trim.
MN$
405
810
300
525
7.6
54
107
3er trim.
MN$
537
1 074
385
674
9.5
57
114
3er trim.
MN$
665
1 330
475
831
9.4
71
142
3er trim.
MN$
742
1 484
530
928
9.9
75
150
3er trim.
MN$
809
1 618
578
1 012
11.5
71
141
Ago. - Nov.
MN$
845
1 690
604
1 057
10.7
79
157
Ago. - Nov.
MN$
879
1 758
628
1 099
10.9
80
161
Ago. - Nov.
MN$
1 006
1 955
719
1 227
11.6
87
169
Ago. - Nov.
MN$
1 147
2 100
819
1 330
12.7
90
166
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1990 d/
1994
1996
1999
er
21 feb.-12 jun.
C$
167
334
129
225
4.6
37
73
15 abr. - 31 ago.
C$
275
550
212
370
10.4
26
53
30 abr. - 31 jul.
C$
369
739
284
498
13.4
28
55
Jul. - oct.
C$
491
981
378
661
16.9
29
58
Sep. - nov.
C$
785
1 466
604
998
20.6
38
71
Agosto
34
68
1.0
34
68
Agosto
39
78
1.0
39
78
Agosto
40
79
1.0
40
79
Julio
40
79
1.0
40
79
Julio
41
81
32
55
1.0
41
81
Julio
42
84
33
57
1.0
42
84
Julio
44
87
34
59
1.0
44
87
Julio
44
88
34
60
1.0
44
88
Julio
48
95
37
64
1.0
48
95
Julio
55
103
42
70
1.0
55
103
Julio
57
106
44
73
1.0
57
106
Julio
59
109
46
75
1.0
59
109
Julio
62
115
48
79
1.0
62
115
Jun., jul., ago.
43 242
86 484
1 208
36
72
Ago.- sep.
86 337
172 673
1 916
45
90
Jul.- nov.
108 560
217 119
2 081
52
104
Jul.- dic.
138 903
277 807
106 608
186 565
3 311
42
84
Cuadro 6
Pases
Ao
Perodo de
Moneda
referencia de los
a/
Urbano
LI
ingresos
Per
Repblica
Dominicana
Uruguay
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
Rural
LP
LI
Cambio
LP
b/
Urbano
LI
LP
Moneda corriente
Dlares
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Sep. 00 - ago. 01
155 451
310 902
119 404
208 956
3 718
42
84
Jul. - oct.
212 123
424 245
162 786
284 876
5 916
36
72
Junio
224 473
448 946
172 013
301 023
6 138
37
73
Oct. - dic.
274 111
524 216
209 976
353 666
4 805
57
109
Oct. - dic.
295 987
562 797
226 691
379 950
4 713
63
119
Oct. - dic.
312 359
580 775
239 191
393 347
4 787
65
121
Oct. - dic.
347 967
628 513
266 432
427 538
4 724
74
133
Oct. - dic.
365 773
659 881
279 986
448 833
4 386
83
150
1997
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
4 trim.
N$
102
192
83
128
2.7
38
71
4 trim.
N$
109
213
89
141
3.5
31
61
4 trim.
N$
95
225
94
163
3.5
28
65
4 trim.
N$
101
241
95
164
3.5
29
69
4 trim.
N$
118
269
110
193
3.1
38
87
4 trim.
N$
118
270
121
218
3.0
39
90
4 trim.
N$
126
287
122
219
2.8
44
102
4 trim.
N$
95
282
104
209
2.8
35
103
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Septiembre
RD$
793
1 587
714
1 285
18.8
42
84
Septiembre
RD$
1 715
3 430
1 543
2 778
37.5
46
92
Septiembre
RD$
1 649
3 298
1 484
2 672
31.1
53
106
Septiembre
RD$
1 724
3 449
1 552
2 793
33.3
52
104
Septiembre
RD$
1 806
3 612
1 625
2 925
33.6
54
108
Septiembre
RD$
2 091
4 010
1 882
3 263
35.0
60
115
Septiembre
RD$
2 080
3 933
1 872
3 206
36.2
57
109
Septiembre
RD$
2 204
4 152
2 062
3 465
37.1
59
112
Septiembre
RD$
2 423
4 545
2 267
3 795
38.2
63
119
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 sem.
NUr$
41 970
83 940
1 358
31
62
2 sem.
281
563
5.4
52
104
Ao
528
1 056
9.4
56
112
Ao
641
1 283
11.3
57
113
Ao
794
1 589
21.3
37
75
Ao
1 028
2 057
28.7
36
72
Ao
1 074
2 149
24.5
44
88
Ao
1 371
2 649
1 075
1 828
23.5
58
113
Ao
1 558
2 901
1 223
2 013
21.0
74
138
Ao
1 653
3 098
1 298
2 148
22.6
73
137
Ao
1 759
3 291
1 387
2 293
20.1
88
164
Ao
1 938
3 589
1 522
2 494
19.3
100
186
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2 sem.
Bs
1 925
3 850
1 503
2 630
49
39
78
2 sem.
Bs
8 025
16 050
6 356
11 124
171
47
94
e/
2 sem.
Bs
32 072
63 382
26 037
45 565
489
66
130
e/
2 sem.
Bs
48 748
95 902
626
78
153
e/
2 sem.
Bs
80 332
154 962
1 161
69
133
e/
2 sem.
Bs
122 933
236 591
1 918
64
123
Cuadro 6
ENCIA (LI) Y DE POBREZA (LP)
mensuales por persona)

Rural
LI
LP
Dlares
24
42
22
38
18
32
18
32
23
39
31
51
35
66
26
49
37
75
23
48
19
39
16
34
22
46
24
51
31
70
34
79
41
91
47
99
48
103
56
119
22
38
28
49
31
55
32
55
30
52
27
47
34
60
48
76
54
84
23
40
32
56
39
68
Cuadro 6

Rural
LI
LP
31
54
18
32
16
30
19
35
23
41
35
59
33
56
38
65
41
70
23
41
27
47
29
51
30
52
31
54
32
56
34
60
36
63
39
68
47
77
47
76
53
87
59
96
Dlares
26
46
27
48
28
49
29
51
34
57
36
59
38
61
41
65
18
36
21
43
22
43
23
45
25
49
31
61
31
62
19
33
31
54
33
58
Cuadro 6

Rural
LI
LP
48
83
19
33
20
35
26
45
28
48
29
51
29
50
32
57
35
61
43
72
43
74
27
48
45
79
40
69
41
71
51
89
54
94
50
88
Dlares
56
98
58
101
62
106
65
105
28
49
20
36
21
37
22
39
29
48
32
55
33
57
34
59
34
60
37
64
42
70
44
73
46
75
48
79
32
56
Cuadro 6

Rural
LI
LP
32
56
28
48
28
49
44
74
48
81
50
82
Dlares
56
91
64
102
31
47
25
41
27
47
27
47
36
62
40
73
43
77
38
76
38
68
41
74
48
86
47
84
48
87
54
93
52
89
56
93
59
99
46
78
58
96
57
95
69
114
79
129
30
53
37
65
53
93
Cuadro 7
DISTRIBUCIN DE LAS PERSONAS SEGN TRAMOS DE INGRESO PER CPITA, EN TRMINOS DEL VALOR DE LA LNEA DE POBREZ
ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011
Tramos de ingreso per cpita, en trminos del valor de la lnea de pobreza
Pas
Ao
0 a 0.5
(Indigentes) a/
0.5 a 0.9
0.9 a 1.0
0.0 a 1.0
(Pobres)
1.0 a 1.25
1.25 a 2.0
Argentina b/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
5.2
3.4
4.8
6.6
20.9
14.9
11.9
9.6
4.0
2.8
1.9
13.3
10.1
9.5
13.9
20.0
16.0
15.1
12.2
5.6
4.5
2.8
2.7
2.7
3.5
3.2
4.5
4.0
3.6
3.0
1.8
1.4
1.0
21.2
16.1
17.8
23.7
45.4
34.9
30.6
24.8
11.3
8.6
5.7
8.6
8.0
8.0
8.4
8.9
8.7
8.4
7.9
4.5
3.7
2.9
21.6
18.7
20.6
20.7
17.5
19.2
20.0
18.8
14.3
13.4
10.4
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 c/
1994 c/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
22.9
19.9
22.6
19.7
21.3
20.2
15.1
9.2
25.3
27.0
24.5
23.3
26.1
28.5
22.9
18.2
4.3
4.8
5.1
5.6
4.7
5.1
4.4
5.2
52.5
51.7
52.3
48.7
52.0
53.8
42.4
32.6
9.1
9.7
10.2
11.0
8.9
10.3
12.3
10.4
16.2
18.1
16.0
17.5
17.6
16.6
19.4
26.9
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
18.4
17.5
12.5
13.0
14.3
13.9
15.2
13.6
12.7
10.9
9.9
7.6
7.6
5.8
18.9
18.7
14.5
16.1
16.1
16.8
16.7
17.0
16.5
15.5
13.7
12.2
11.5
9.8
3.9
4.1
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.0
3.0
2.6
41.2
40.3
30.6
32.9
34.1
34.4
35.8
34.4
32.9
30.0
27.0
22.8
22.1
18.2
8.5
9.0
8.1
8.5
8.2
8.5
8.4
8.5
8.5
8.6
7.6
7.4
7.4
6.6
16.4
17.8
17.9
18.2
18.0
18.5
18.0
18.2
18.5
18.7
19.1
18.5
18.3
17.7
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
12.5
7.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.4
3.2
2.9
2.4
21.1
15.8
13.1
12.2
11.0
10.9
7.9
6.4
6.6
4.9
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.5
3.2
2.9
2.4
2.3
38.5
27.0
22.0
20.7
19.7
18.5
13.9
11.7
11.3
10.0
9.4
9.1
8.2
8.7
8.7
7.5
6.8
6.5
19.9
21.4
21.2
21.0
21.0
21.6
21.3
21.9
21.2
Colombia d/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
20.0
18.6
17.2
21.9
17.9
16.8
15.6
14.3
27.3
22.4
23.0
24.0
22.9
23.6
23.5
22.1
5.4
4.4
4.9
4.7
4.9
4.7
4.9
5.1
52.7
45.4
45.0
50.6
45.7
45.1
44.0
41.4
10.4
9.4
10.0
9.7
10.3
10.1
10.5
10.4
17.9
17.9
18.6
17.2
18.7
19.2
19.3
20.1
Cuadro 7
Pas
Ao
0 a 0.5
(Indigentes) a/
0.5 a 0.9
0.9 a 1.0
0.0 a 1.0
(Pobres)
1.0 a 1.25
1.25 a 2.0
2008
2009
2010
2011
14.0
13.0
11.2
9.7
19.2
18.4
17.5
16.5
4.2
4.5
4.5
4.4
37.3
35.9
33.2
30.5
9.5
9.5
9.4
9.8
20.0
20.4
20.7
21.1
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.9
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.4
4.0
3.8
4.6
4.1
4.9
13.7
11.0
10.6
9.7
8.7
9.6
11.2
9.2
10.1
8.7
10.4
10.2
10.5
4.3
3.9
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.7
3.2
3.5
2.8
2.8
24.9
20.7
19.3
18.1
17.5
18.7
20.0
18.0
17.8
15.6
18.5
17.0
18.3
8.7
9.1
9.4
9.8
6.9
7.5
8.5
8.0
8.4
8.5
7.3
8.4
7.5
22.8
22.2
21.5
20.5
21.0
20.6
22.5
21.4
23.1
20.6
20.1
22.9
19.6
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
26.2
25.5
22.2
31.3
19.4
18.2
17.1
12.8
12.2
12.5
12.9
11.1
8.4
30.4
27.0
27.9
27.1
24.6
24.6
23.1
22.3
21.7
21.1
22.1
21.3
19.1
5.5
5.4
6.1
5.1
5.0
4.8
4.9
4.8
4.9
5.4
5.2
4.7
4.9
62.1
57.9
56.2
63.5
49.0
47.5
45.2
39.9
38.8
39.0
40.2
37.1
32.4
10.0
10.3
9.5
7.9
11.2
10.5
9.9
10.7
10.9
10.7
10.7
11.3
10.5
14.8
17.7
17.9
14.6
18.9
18.4
19.4
20.9
19.9
21.9
21.4
22.0
24.9
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
15.0
14.8
13.0
14.3
13.8
12.5
12.7
25.4
24.4
21.3
20.6
23.2
24.1
23.4
5.4
5.2
4.4
4.5
4.2
5.7
5.1
45.8
44.4
38.7
39.4
41.2
42.3
41.1
12.5
11.5
10.5
10.8
10.6
13.5
13.0
20.8
20.9
21.7
20.8
22.3
21.7
22.7
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
22.4
16.0
15.4
14.8
22.2
26.4
21.2
22.3
4.4
6.7
4.8
4.9
49.0
49.1
41.4
42.0
9.1
11.7
9.9
12.8
17.7
18.9
20.6
19.0
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
43.6
46.0
42.1
42.9
36.5
35.1
30.0
25.9
23.0
24.6
26.8
25.1
26.0
23.9
24.9
25.8
3.8
4.0
3.8
3.7
4.2
3.7
4.5
5.2
70.4
74.5
72.6
71.7
66.7
62.7
59.4
56.9
6.8
6.7
7.4
7.2
8.4
9.9
9.9
9.7
10.7
10.2
10.6
11.1
12.3
13.7
15.0
16.3
Cuadro 7
Pas
Ao
0 a 0.5
(Indigentes) a/
0.5 a 0.9
0.9 a 1.0
0.0 a 1.0
(Pobres)
1.0 a 1.25
1.25 a 2.0
2009
2010
22.8
25.3
25.9
25.6
5.8
5.1
54.5
56.0
10.4
9.9
17.3
16.4
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
13.1
9.0
14.3
9.7
6.6
6.9
7.0
5.8
4.4
6.0
6.6
23.7
22.6
26.2
23.3
20.6
19.7
20.3
17.9
17.8
18.2
20.6
5.3
5.1
5.5
5.9
5.1
5.6
5.3
4.9
4.7
5.1
5.2
42.1
36.8
46.1
38.9
32.3
32.2
32.6
28.5
26.8
29.2
32.3
11.3
11.4
11.1
11.6
11.7
12.1
11.9
11.8
11.3
11.9
12.2
21.3
21.6
20.1
20.9
23.1
23.7
23.8
24.6
24.5
24.3
23.2
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
36.8
33.9
33.5
20.8
18.8
25.0
25.8
26.2
28.1
27.4
4.4
4.3
4.2
5.5
6.6
66.3
64.0
63.9
54.4
52.9
8.2
8.5
7.9
11.8
12.0
13.9
14.6
14.8
16.8
18.3
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
10.4
7.1
7.5
5.4
9.0
6.6
6.3
5.7
5.0
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
16.0
13.2
11.9
10.7
13.3
11.9
12.5
10.6
10.6
9.5
9.2
8.2
8.0
4.6
3.5
3.9
3.6
3.9
3.0
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.0
2.9
2.6
31.0
23.9
23.3
19.6
26.2
21.5
21.6
19.5
18.9
17.1
16.3
15.0
14.4
9.9
8.6
7.8
8.1
8.7
8.6
8.3
8.0
7.7
8.0
7.4
7.7
6.3
17.8
20.3
20.2
19.6
19.6
20.8
20.9
20.5
21.2
20.5
22.4
22.2
20.8
Paraguay
1990 e/
1994
1995
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
13.1
18.8
16.3
17.1
17.4
25.4
21.5
21.9
18.9
16.2
15.7
16.0
25.0
26.1
24.0
26.0
25.0
27.7
28.1
26.7
26.7
26.9
25.7
21.9
5.2
5.0
5.9
5.9
6.1
4.6
3.8
5.9
4.7
5.1
5.1
5.0
43.2
49.9
46.3
49.1
48.6
57.7
53.4
54.4
50.3
48.2
46.5
42.9
14.6
10.6
12.1
11.7
10.0
10.2
9.4
10.1
10.6
11.5
12.4
10.9
18.3
17.9
20.1
16.3
18.4
15.6
17.8
17.2
19.0
20.3
21.1
20.6
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
8.3
9.1
13.5
12.3
5.8
4.7
20.0
21.9
23.2
22.1
15.2
14.2
5.3
5.1
5.3
5.6
4.6
4.6
33.7
36.1
42.0
40.0
25.7
23.5
11.5
12.1
11.9
11.5
11.4
10.6
24.3
24.9
22.0
22.1
26.2
26.5
Cuadro 7
Pas
Ao
0 a 0.5
(Indigentes) a/
0.5 a 0.9
0.9 a 1.0
0.0 a 1.0
(Pobres)
1.0 a 1.25
1.25 a 2.0
2009
2010
2011
3.9
3.8
3.3
13.0
11.4
11.0
4.2
4.0
3.6
21.1
19.1
18.0
10.2
10.2
9.1
26.2
27.8
27.3
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
16.5
25.9
22.3
18.5
19.0
19.1
17.5
16.9
16.6
20.5
22.0
18.8
20.1
19.8
17.4
17.7
18.4
19.1
5.4
3.9
4.3
3.2
4.2
5.5
4.1
4.3
5.1
42.4
51.8
45.4
41.8
43.0
42.0
39.3
39.6
40.8
10.0
8.1
8.7
8.2
9.2
8.2
9.5
8.6
8.1
18.4
15.2
15.8
16.6
17.2
17.6
17.4
19.0
18.4
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.4
1.9
1.7
1.8
2.5
4.8
4.2
2.7
3.0
1.5
1.1
0.8
10.6
5.9
5.8
5.7
10.4
12.3
11.6
11.9
8.6
6.8
5.5
4.3
3.8
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.9
4.1
3.3
3.4
2.6
2.4
2.0
1.7
17.9
9.7
9.5
9.6
15.8
21.2
19.1
18.1
14.2
10.7
8.6
6.8
8.5
5.2
5.9
5.4
7.8
8.9
8.3
8.4
7.1
6.2
6.1
5.0
24.5
19.3
19.5
17.7
22.0
23.1
22.8
22.1
21.2
20.2
19.6
18.6
Venezuela f/
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
13.4
17.0
19.5
21.3
21.0
18.0
15.1
9.3
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.8
8.0
20.3
24.7
23.4
23.7
22.6
22.1
17.7
16.5
16.4
15.8
15.6
15.5
16.4
5.3
5.3
4.6
4.6
5.0
5.2
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.1
4.1
4.8
5.3
39.0
47.0
47.6
49.7
48.6
45.3
37.1
30.2
28.6
27.6
27.3
28.1
29.6
11.0
11.2
10.6
10.3
10.0
10.6
9.9
10.8
10.9
10.9
10.4
11.2
11.0
21.9
20.1
18.8
19.1
18.4
20.1
21.8
22.9
24.2
25.2
25.3
25.8
25.8
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectiv
a/ El porcentaje de personas en este rango puede no coincidir con la tasa de indigencia en los casos en que la lnea de pobreza se obtuvo multiplicando
la lnea de indigencia por un factor distinto de 2.0; particularmente en el Brasil, el Per, la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela, as como en todos los pa
a partir de 2007.
b/ Total urbano, a excepcin de 1990 y 1997 que corresponden a Gran Buenos Aires.
c/ Ocho ciudades capitales de departamento y El Alto.
d/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrol
por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el e
de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
e/ rea metropolitana de Asuncin.
Cuadro 7
S DE INGRESO PER CPITA, EN TRMINOS DEL VALOR DE LA LNEA DE POBREZA,

amos de ingreso per cpita, en trminos del valor de la lnea de pobreza

2.0 a 3.0
Ms de 3.0
18.2
19.4
17.4
16.4
12.1
13.8
15.1
17.2
18.3
17.1
14.5
30.5
37.7
36.2
30.8
16.1
23.5
25.9
31.3
51.7
57.2
66.5
9.9
8.9
9.7
9.5
9.0
8.2
11.3
14.8
12.4
11.6
11.8
13.3
12.4
11.1
14.6
15.4
11.5
11.8
14.0
13.6
13.5
13.3
13.3
14.0
14.7
15.1
16.2
17.0
17.0
17.7
22.3
21.0
29.4
26.8
26.2
25.3
24.4
24.8
25.5
27.5
30.0
34.3
35.2
39.8
12.7
15.7
16.6
17.1
17.7
18.2
19.6
20.0
21.4
18.9
26.5
31.1
33.0
33.0
33.0
37.6
39.6
39.7
9.3
11.5
11.2
9.3
10.8
10.6
11.0
11.9
9.8
15.8
15.2
13.1
14.5
15.1
15.3
16.1
Cuadro 7


2.0 a 3.0
Ms de 3.0
13.6
14.1
14.7
15.6
19.5
20.1
22.0
23.1
20.8
20.5
20.4
17.9
19.0
19.2
18.0
18.6
17.9
20.4
18.4
16.9
18.0
22.8
27.5
29.3
33.7
35.7
34.0
31.0
34.0
32.8
34.8
35.6
34.7
36.6
7.1
7.2
8.5
6.4
9.9
11.1
11.8
12.9
13.0
13.0
13.3
13.5
15.5
5.9
6.9
7.9
7.6
11.0
12.5
13.7
15.6
17.5
15.4
14.4
16.2
16.8
10.6
11.6
13.9
13.2
12.8
11.1
12.0
10.2
11.6
15.2
15.8
13.2
11.5
11.2
10.8
9.8
12.3
10.7
13.3
10.6
15.8
15.4
5.5
4.2
4.8
5.1
6.0
6.4
8.0
8.7
6.6
4.4
4.5
5.0
6.5
7.3
7.7
8.5
Cuadro 7


2.0 a 3.0
Ms de 3.0
9.4
8.7
8.4
9.0
11.0
12.5
10.1
13.0
14.6
13.8
13.5
15.2
16.2
15.7
15.3
14.3
17.7
12.7
15.6
18.3
18.2
18.3
19.9
21.1
18.9
16.9
5.3
6.6
6.5
8.2
9.7
6.3
6.3
6.9
8.7
7.2
14.6
17.7
15.8
17.5
17.2
17.1
17.6
18.4
19.7
20.6
19.8
20.6
21.0
26.7
29.5
32.9
35.1
28.3
32.0
31.5
33.6
32.5
33.9
34.1
34.4
37.4
12.3
10.1
9.5
11.1
10.1
8.7
10.0
9.5
11.0
12.0
10.1
13.8
11.7
11.6
12.0
11.9
12.8
7.9
9.4
8.8
9.1
8.0
9.9
11.8
14.3
11.6
12.3
12.6
17.2
19.5
16.2
15.3
11.8
13.7
19.4
19.9
Cuadro 7


2.0 a 3.0
Ms de 3.0
19.7
20.8
22.4
22.7
22.1
23.3
12.3
9.2
11.2
11.9
11.5
12.4
12.6
11.9
11.7
16.9
15.7
18.9
21.5
19.1
19.8
21.2
20.9
21.0
21.5
23.9
22.2
21.9
20.9
19.8
21.2
20.0
21.2
21.7
22.4
22.6
27.5
41.9
43.0
45.5
33.5
26.9
28.6
31.5
36.4
41.2
43.2
47.0
13.8
11.2
10.3
9.9
10.8
11.9
14.8
17.0
17.4
18.3
18.6
18.0
17.5
14.4
10.5
12.7
11.0
12.2
12.0
16.4
19.1
18.9
17.9
18.4
16.9
16.0
L), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a tasa de indigencia en los casos en que la lnea de pobreza se obtuvo multiplicando

en el Brasil, el Per, la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela, as como en todos los pases
s de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados

E) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme
Cuadro 8
INCIDENCIA DE LA POBREZA Y LA INDIGENCIA SEGN CLIMA EDUCACIONAL DEL HOGAR, TOTAL NACION
(En porcentajes)
Poblacin bajo la lnea de indigencia segn:
Pas
Ao
Total
Clima educacional del hogar: a/

0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos 13 aos y ms
Total
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
37.2
36.4
37.1
34.7
31.2
22.4
57.7
56.4
57.4
56.9
53.9
37.3
39.8
43.1
42.7
39.9
40.2
30.4
25.5
27.7
29.1
26.5
25.1
17.8
15.4
12.7
13.3
8.4
14.8
10.6
4.4
3.4
2.6
2.3
3.1
4.8
62.1
60.6
62.4
63.9
54.0
42.4
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
23.4
20.2
13.9
12.9
13.2
12.6
14.0
12.2
10.7
9.0
8.6
7.3
7.0
6.1
38.3
32.5
24.2
22.9
23.2
22.3
24.6
21.5
19.5
17.2
15.6
14.0
13.3
11.6
16.7
15.8
10.8
11.4
13.1
13.0
14.8
13.1
11.6
10.2
10.1
8.6
8.5
7.1
7.5
7.3
5.2
5.1
6.4
6.4
8.2
7.3
6.2
5.3
5.6
4.7
4.9
4.7
1.9
2.6
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.4
2.5
2.0
1.7
2.3
2.0
2.1
2.4
0.5
0.8
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.1
48.0
45.3
35.8
37.5
37.5
37.8
38.7
37.8
36.4
33.4
30.2
25.8
24.9
20.9
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
13.0
7.6
5.7
5.6
5.6
4.7
3.2
3.6
3.1
17.6
11.5
8.4
9.6
8.1
6.7
5.0
4.3
3.7
16.0
10.7
9.7
8.7
8.1
6.9
4.8
4.6
4.5
16.3
9.9
7.3
7.2
8.2
6.6
4.2
5.3
4.1
7.4
3.9
2.3
2.6
3.3
3.1
1.9
2.7
2.6
1.0
0.8
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.3
38.6
27.6
23.2
21.7
20.2
18.7
13.7
11.5
11.0
Colombia b/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
26.1
28.5
23.5
26.8
17.8
15.7
14.9
13.9
16.5
14.5
12.3
10.5
37.4
44.3
36.9
37.8
30.6
26.8
26.6
25.4
32.0
27.8
24.3
21.5
27.4
29.6
26.0
30.6
21.1
18.8
18.0
16.9
19.9
17.5
14.9
12.9
17.2
19.9
16.8
23.6
12.3
10.5
10.2
9.6
11.1
9.9
8.8
6.9
6.8
7.2
6.3
9.5
4.2
5.3
4.3
3.7
6.1
5.1
4.4
4.2
2.0
1.5
1.4
2.2
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.6
1.1
1.0
0.8
0.7
56.1
52.5
50.9
54.9
49.7
48.0
47.7
45.2
42.2
40.4
37.3
34.1
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
10.1
8.0
7.8
7.8
8.2
8.0
7.0
7.2
5.3
5.5
6.9
6.8
7.3
17.6
15.0
16.1
15.3
17.9
17.6
16.6
18.0
12.6
13.6
14.0
16.3
16.6
10.6
8.6
9.0
9.2
10.8
10.1
9.4
9.3
7.2
7.6
10.5
9.7
10.4
6.2
4.7
4.5
4.8
4.1
5.4
4.0
4.6
3.3
3.8
5.0
3.9
5.4
1.8
1.5
2.0
1.7
2.3
2.4
2.6
1.4
1.6
0.9
1.7
1.7
1.9
0.4
1.3
0.7
0.8
1.3
0.9
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.3
26.3
23.1
22.5
20.3
20.3
20.5
21.1
19.0
18.6
16.4
18.9
18.5
18.8
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
22.3
21.2
16.1
16.0
18.0
18.1
16.4
13.9
34.6
33.2
28.1
23.7
27.4
25.5
22.5
23.3
28.5
26.0
18.8
20.3
23.5
22.8
21.4
17.6
19.9
20.7
13.8
15.9
17.4
16.9
16.9
11.2
10.0
10.1
7.7
8.6
9.3
12.3
10.7
7.7
3.3
2.8
2.0
2.8
2.1
3.8
2.5
2.2
51.2
48.3
43.0
42.6
42.7
42.2
39.1
35.4
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
21.7
23.3
21.9
22.1
19.0
17.3
16.7
30.0
34.0
32.7
32.8
29.0
27.7
26.0
17.8
19.5
19.3
19.8
16.2
16.9
19.1
10.5
8.7
10.5
12.1
11.1
10.5
10.1
3.2
3.4
3.6
5.9
6.7
4.8
3.0
1.4
0.9
1.7
2.3
3.2
0.7
0.0
54.2
55.5
49.8
48.9
47.5
47.9
46.6
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
42.0
31.6
30.9
29.1
49.6
41.6
37.0
41.2
26.0
15.1
30.7
17.7
11.3
6.4
13.8
7.2
5.8
0.3
4.6
0.6
1.9
0.0
1.0
0.4
69.4
61.1
60.2
54.8
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
60.9
53.9
54.4
56.8
54.4
53.9
49.3
45.6
41.8
42.8
73.9
67.2
68.5
72.0
72.8
69.2
68.3
64.0
58.6
60.6
54.4
52.0
51.5
54.9
50.1
53.4
46.8
43.5
41.2
41.9
25.7
30.9
33.0
33.1
25.0
26.7
22.8
20.5
18.4
21.1
10.0
14.2
18.1
13.6
9.8
12.8
8.4
7.7
8.3
10.7
5.2
2.6
2.0
2.5
2.2
1.9
3.3
2.0
2.1
2.1
80.8
77.9
79.1
79.7
77.3
74.8
71.5
68.9
65.7
67.4
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
18.7
16.8
22.0
18.5
15.2
12.6
11.7
26.5
25.8
34.6
31.4
28.8
22.0
22.2
14.9
13.9
23.2
17.5
14.2
14.6
15.0
11.1
6.0
11.4
10.0
7.7
6.5
6.5
4.4
2.8
3.8
2.9
2.1
1.4
1.9
1.5
1.9
0.1
1.0
0.3
1.4
0.4
47.7
45.1
52.9
46.9
41.1
39.4
37.0
2005
2006
2008
2010
11.7
8.7
11.2
13.3
23.8
20.0
20.3
25.8
13.9
10.5
14.8
17.5
7.3
4.9
9.0
10.7
1.2
0.9
2.7
4.0
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.5
35.5
31.7
34.8
36.3
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
48.4
44.6
42.5
31.9
29.5
60.7
58.8
55.9
44.0
41.2
39.8
36.4
36.9
28.5
27.3
25.3
25.9
22.8
14.5
19.3
17.5
18.1
12.5
6.9
10.4
9.7
3.4
6.6
2.6
1.7
73.6
69.9
69.4
61.9
58.3
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
18.6
15.9
14.1
14.3
12.0
13.5
11.1
12.6
12.4
43.9
41.9
37.0
40.5
32.6
37.7
30.9
35.0
38.6
25.7
22.6
19.8
20.2
18.2
21.3
17.1
20.8
19.3
13.5
10.7
11.3
9.6
8.3
10.6
8.7
9.2
9.0
6.0
5.1
3.6
4.7
3.7
3.0
3.2
3.6
3.5
0.8
0.9
1.4
0.8
0.5
0.7
0.8
1.0
0.8
36.9
32.9
31.0
29.9
29.0
27.7
26.4
25.8
25.3
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
31.8
31.3
32.7
27.6
31.4
30.1
30.4
30.7
28.0
51.2
47.2
49.3
43.4
46.4
47.3
48.8
50.0
48.9
37.9
38.0
38.5
33.9
40.2
39.6
39.8
41.4
37.2
15.5
15.9
24.7
24.6
24.4
23.9
25.6
23.3
21.1
4.2
10.3
9.1
7.2
12.5
10.9
11.2
9.0
13.0
0.1
2.0
3.5
1.1
2.0
2.4
2.0
1.1
1.1
59.0
59.7
62.6
56.9
60.0
56.9
56.0
54.8
49.6
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
25.0
22.4
24.4
21.4
13.8
12.6
11.5
9.8
6.3
45.6
38.5
43.2
37.5
26.8
25.3
22.3
19.1
14.5
29.4
32.2
31.8
29.6
21.9
19.3
17.7
14.7
9.9
12.0
15.1
16.3
15.8
10.0
8.5
8.6
7.4
4.7
3.1
4.3
6.1
3.4
2.8
3.0
3.1
2.8
1.3
0.8
0.4
1.3
0.6
0.4
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.5
47.5
48.6
54.7
52.5
39.3
36.2
34.8
31.3
27.8
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
20.7
29.0
24.6
22.0
21.0
22.6
21.0
20.9
20.3
34.0
43.3
35.5
33.5
31.4
34.0
32.0
32.8
32.9
25.1
33.2
29.0
27.2
25.7
28.7
24.7
25.9
20.6
15.7
27.0
22.3
20.1
19.3
20.1
19.6
18.7
19.5
8.3
21.4
17.4
13.2
15.0
16.8
16.5
14.3
15.7
3.3
6.6
5.1
3.7
4.8
5.0
4.1
5.7
6.2
47.1
54.4
47.5
44.5
44.5
44.3
41.1
41.4
42.2
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
3.0
3.4
1.9
4.1
5.0
3.3
5.0
6.5
3.7
3.2
3.4
1.9
0.4
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
17.7
13.7
10.4
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
2010
2011
1.4
1.1
2.3
1.9
2.7
2.0
1.3
1.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
8.4
6.5
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
14.4
19.2
20.5
21.7
22.2
19.0
15.9
9.9
8.5
9.9
9.8
10.7
11.7
21.8
27.8
29.2
31.8
36.6
30.6
25.6
17.8
16.0
17.3
16.9
19.8
20.4
15.9
21.9
24.3
27.0
26.6
23.7
20.0
12.7
11.1
12.9
13.1
14.8
15.4
10.3
15.3
20.3
19.1
20.9
17.8
14.8
9.4
7.8
10.0
9.8
10.5
12.9
5.4
8.2
9.1
8.9
8.9
7.8
8.1
4.6
4.5
5.7
5.7
6.2
7.2
3.4
2.3
3.7
5.4
3.6
2.9
3.8
1.4
1.3
1.6
2.4
2.5
3.1
39.8
48.7
48.0
49.4
48.6
45.4
37.1
30.2
28.5
27.6
27.1
27.8
29.5
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respecti
a/ Clima educacional del hogar se refiere al promedio de aos de estudio del jefe de hogar y su cnyuge.
b/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarro
Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo,
ONAL DEL HOGAR, TOTAL NACIONAL 1990 - 2011
Poblacin bajo la lnea de pobreza segn:

0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
79.0
77.9
80.3
81.7
75.4
58.2
67.7
69.1
69.8
74.0
65.6
54.3
56.6
60.9
60.2
63.0
54.5
39.2
44.3
38.6
42.9
42.8
39.5
31.2
17.3
15.7
13.6
10.8
14.1
13.7
68.8
62.7
53.8
55.4
54.9
55.3
55.7
54.5
52.6
49.0
44.5
39.3
37.2
32.0
43.1
43.8
34.5
39.6
42.0
43.2
44.4
44.2
43.2
40.3
37.2
32.4
31.5
27.1
26.0
28.2
20.7
24.9
27.5
29.5
33.2
32.5
32.3
30.7
27.3
24.3
24.0
20.7
8.2
10.6
7.0
8.6
9.7
10.4
12.4
12.8
12.6
12.2
11.9
9.7
10.8
9.6
1.3
1.7
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.8
1.3
1.5
2.0
1.8
1.8
2.3
46.1
38.2
31.4
29.6
25.9
24.8
19.2
16.0
12.8
45.6
34.4
31.1
30.2
27.6
25.9
17.3
14.1
15.0
47.6
36.5
30.9
29.8
28.8
26.2
18.6
16.8
15.2
28.6
19.7
14.8
13.6
15.4
14.8
10.6
9.5
9.4
6.1
3.9
2.3
2.5
1.5
2.2
3.3
2.5
3.1
68.0
67.8
66.1
67.3
68.1
64.9
65.2
64.1
63.1
60.2
56.7
52.8
60.9
57.4
58.4
63.5
58.0
57.2
57.4
54.0
50.7
48.3
45.4
42.0
52.0
49.0
47.7
55.9
48.8
46.8
46.8
45.1
40.4
39.0
36.3
33.1
27.2
22.0
23.7
29.0
25.8
26.8
26.4
24.7
25.8
23.6
21.9
20.6
7.5
6.0
5.4
8.1
5.0
5.1
5.5
4.4
5.1
4.6
4.1
3.8
37.0
33.7
36.7
35.0
35.9
36.8
38.4
37.5
33.2
30.4
31.4
30.5
32.1
30.2
27.3
26.3
25.4
25.7
26.1
28.1
25.9
24.3
22.2
26.3
25.5
26.4
21.2
19.0
17.5
14.2
15.9
18.2
17.7
14.7
16.8
15.7
18.9
17.7
18.0
7.7
7.5
9.4
5.8
7.7
7.7
9.3
6.0
7.6
4.4
7.0
5.8
5.6
1.4
2.2
3.6
1.5
3.1
1.5
1.6
1.2
2.8
1.7
1.1
1.7
1.6
66.7
62.5
58.8
56.0
57.2
53.0
50.5
47.1
60.6
57.4
51.3
52.1
51.3
50.3
47.6
42.6
53.8
53.6
45.6
44.8
46.2
46.1
43.4
39.2
35.9
34.2
28.7
31.8
30.8
33.9
29.4
24.5
14.9
11.0
8.5
10.1
9.6
10.9
8.8
9.6
67.7
70.5
66.0
64.3
62.0
63.1
61.4
51.2
55.8
51.3
49.4
48.5
52.6
52.9
40.1
41.2
34.6
38.6
39.9
43.4
42.7
19.0
19.2
16.5
20.8
24.7
24.3
20.9
5.0
3.8
3.8
5.9
7.8
4.2
3.1
78.8
72.0
70.5
69.0
53.2
49.7
55.7
47.5
32.9
34.9
40.7
31.7
14.3
16.0
18.5
10.4
6.0
1.7
3.8
4.3
91.1
88.1
89.2
90.4
90.2
87.9
86.5
84.4
80.8
83.5
79.6
78.6
79.5
82.1
79.0
77.8
73.5
71.3
68.9
69.7
56.6
63.5
69.2
70.7
61.1
55.8
53.7
50.8
48.7
53.5
25.7
44.5
48.6
39.6
33.1
30.2
31.2
28.1
27.0
31.6
12.6
14.6
14.1
11.6
11.9
7.9
9.6
8.1
7.4
6.8
59.3
59.8
69.6
65.4
60.6
56.4
54.5
46.9
45.8
58.3
49.4
44.2
45.3
43.8
38.8
32.4
42.9
38.6
35.7
34.8
35.4
19.4
13.7
24.4
19.5
15.5
15.8
15.6
10.3
6.2
4.1
3.3
4.4
5.1
3.9
54.9
48.1
49.8
52.7
42.9
39.1
41.8
44.8
33.5
32.3
35.7
38.6
13.7
14.0
18.8
21.1
3.1
1.7
4.1
3.8
83.9
81.5
81.7
75.0
71.9
67.9
66.4
64.2
57.4
58.3
56.7
57.1
56.5
50.3
48.0
42.3
39.0
38.5
30.4
35.5
23.2
15.4
18.3
14.3
11.8
67.5
64.9
61.2
63.9
61.3
59.1
59.1
57.7
60.0
49.1
46.1
43.1
42.7
40.7
41.2
38.1
40.2
38.6
36.0
31.7
31.8
26.9
28.1
26.0
25.8
23.2
24.2
18.1
15.4
14.0
13.6
12.9
13.0
12.2
12.0
12.2
3.6
3.4
3.8
3.1
3.1
3.8
2.8
2.8
2.4
75.1
74.9
77.7
73.4
77.8
77.9
75.5
75.1
71.9
67.7
69.0
71.5
65.3
70.9
68.5
68.5
66.9
59.6
49.3
54.7
61.1
59.3
57.0
55.9
53.5
50.8
46.9
25.5
26.6
34.9
37.2
36.0
32.1
36.5
34.9
36.0
8.8
5.4
9.8
9.3
11.4
11.4
10.1
7.5
9.7
68.0
68.3
74.9
72.2
60.2
57.4
54.0
50.2
47.7
54.9
60.2
65.9
65.7
53.0
48.4
47.6
42.4
39.4
39.0
44.5
52.4
52.2
40.5
35.8
34.6
30.9
27.1
17.5
28.3
33.2
29.8
21.5
20.3
19.1
16.6
15.6
4.5
10.4
13.1
10.9
6.7
6.3
6.3
5.8
5.7
63.7
70.3
61.1
58.8
57.7
56.7
57.0
57.4
53.7
52.8
60.7
52.9
51.1
50.1
53.0
47.8
47.4
46.5
46.4
53.9
48.2
43.2
45.0
44.9
40.0
41.0
45.0
30.4
47.3
36.9
36.8
37.6
38.1
35.4
35.6
35.9
13.8
20.0
16.6
15.0
17.4
15.3
12.0
13.6
18.5
23.6
17.5
14.2
26.5
21.4
18.3
20.3
16.9
11.6
4.3
3.7
2.4
0.9
0.5
0.3
11.6
8.8
15.5
11.6
8.9
7.6
2.2
1.8
0.6
0.7
52.5
59.5
61.7
65.3
66.0
62.9
51.3
44.7
44.0
40.9
41.8
41.7
43.9
45.4
52.1
54.8
58.0
56.9
53.5
44.6
36.9
35.3
33.7
32.5
34.0
35.9
33.8
48.2
49.1
48.3
50.4
47.2
39.2
32.8
30.4
30.9
30.3
31.9
34.5
20.0
31.9
32.0
28.8
28.9
26.7
22.9
18.4
18.5
18.5
19.2
19.9
21.9
9.6
15.6
12.3
12.6
10.9
9.9
8.7
5.2
4.6
5.8
7.3
8.1
9.6
encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
uevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo
el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 8.1
INCIDENCIA DE LA POBREZA Y LA INDIGENCIA SEGN CLIMA EDUCACIONAL DEL HOGAR, ZONAS URB
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
Total
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
Total
Argentina b/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
5.2
3.4
4.8
6.6
20.9
14.9
11.9
9.6
3.8
2.8
1.9
9.7
6.8
12.3
16.4
31.6
29.0
22.2
18.9
9.1
4.2
2.3
9.2
7.8
6.7
14.3
36.6
24.7
21.6
20.7
7.0
5.1
3.2
5.1
3.2
5.6
7.6
27.6
19.0
15.8
12.6
4.8
3.4
2.2
2.9
0.7
2.0
2.0
10.8
11.6
8.9
6.6
3.0
2.7
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.5
2.6
3.6
2.5
1.8
1.1
1.1
0.8
21.2
16.1
17.8
23.7
45.4
34.9
30.6
24.8
11.3
8.6
5.7
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 c/
1994 c/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
23.0
19.8
22.6
19.8
21.3
20.2
16.2
11.9
30.1
30.5
36.9
27.8
31.2
35.8
27.5
14.9
27.2
26.1
26.4
28.6
29.9
26.1
22.4
16.8
24.7
21.1
21.9
22.8
24.0
20.6
20.3
14.1
17.4
13.8
15.6
13.2
11.6
8.3
11.6
9.8
9.9
3.9
4.1
3.2
2.5
1.5
2.5
4.5
52.6
51.6
52.3
48.7
52.0
53.8
42.4
32.6
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
16.7
15.0
9.6
9.3
10.4
10.0
11.5
9.8
8.3
6.7
6.7
5.5
5.5
4.5
29.2
25.0
17.2
17.2
18.7
18.0
20.5
17.7
15.3
13.2
12.4
10.8
10.3
8.3
14.3
14.4
9.1
9.7
11.7
11.7
13.7
11.8
10.3
8.4
8.6
7.0
7.4
5.5
7.2
7.2
4.9
4.8
6.2
6.3
8.0
7.0
6.0
4.9
5.2
4.4
4.5
4.1
1.9
2.6
1.8
1.6
1.9
2.0
2.4
2.4
1.9
1.7
2.2
1.9
2.0
2.3
0.5
0.8
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.1
41.2
40.3
30.6
32.9
34.1
34.4
35.8
34.4
32.9
30.0
27.0
22.8
22.1
18.2
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
12.5
7.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.4
3.2
3.5
3.0
18.8
11.8
8.1
9.5
8.2
7.2
5.6
4.2
3.8
15.5
10.7
9.0
8.1
7.6
6.6
5.1
4.5
4.2
16.0
9.8
7.0
7.2
8.0
6.7
4.3
5.3
4.2
7.5
3.8
2.3
2.6
3.3
3.1
1.9
2.8
2.6
0.9
0.8
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.3
38.5
27.0
22.0
20.7
19.7
18.5
13.9
11.7
11.3
Colombia d/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
20.0
18.6
17.2
21.9
12.4
11.2
10.1
9.2
11.2
9.8
8.2
7.1
32.4
29.4
31.0
35.0
22.4
19.7
18.8
18.8
23.6
20.9
17.7
15.8
25.1
23.7
22.1
27.7
16.8
15.2
14.2
12.2
15.4
13.1
10.8
9.7
16.2
18.5
16.1
22.9
10.9
9.2
8.6
8.2
9.5
8.2
7.4
5.9
6.7
6.7
6.1
9.0
3.8
5.1
4.0
3.2
5.2
4.8
3.9
3.7
1.9
1.4
1.4
2.3
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
1.1
1.0
0.7
0.7
52.7
45.4
45.0
50.6
45.7
45.1
44.0
41.4
37.3
35.9
33.2
30.5
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.9
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.4
4.2
4.3
5.4
4.8
6.0
14.1
15.3
12.5
13.8
16.4
16.8
17.4
14.7
11.7
14.2
12.6
13.4
16.7
9.0
6.5
8.1
7.7
8.4
8.7
8.5
8.4
6.8
7.2
9.5
8.8
9.8
6.1
4.9
4.9
4.3
3.1
4.8
4.2
4.9
3.4
3.5
4.9
3.2
5.3
1.9
1.5
2.1
1.3
2.2
1.9
2.8
1.3
1.5
0.3
1.8
1.6
1.9
0.4
1.6
0.9
0.7
1.0
0.9
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.3
24.9
20.7
19.3
18.1
17.5
18.7
20.0
18.0
17.8
15.6
18.5
17.0
18.3
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
26.2
25.5
22.2
31.3
19.4
18.2
17.1
12.8
12.4
14.2
15.5
14.2
10.1
39.8
41.3
38.3
47.1
35.4
32.4
32.5
29.2
23.2
26.3
23.5
20.5
22.9
31.9
31.6
27.7
41.5
27.3
25.6
23.0
16.3
16.9
20.4
22.5
21.3
13.4
27.5
28.9
27.1
36.8
20.9
20.4
20.5
13.5
14.2
16.2
15.8
16.8
9.6
12.8
17.0
14.0
20.5
10.8
9.6
9.6
7.4
8.0
8.6
12.3
10.6
7.1
7.1
6.1
5.8
6.7
3.2
3.4
2.7
1.9
2.5
2.1
3.8
2.4
1.9
62.1
57.9
56.2
63.5
49.0
47.5
45.2
39.9
38.8
39.0
40.2
37.1
32.4
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
14.9
14.8
13.0
14.3
13.8
12.8
12.7
25.5
27.7
23.1
23.8
23.3
23.9
23.7
14.8
15.6
13.7
16.8
14.8
14.9
17.9
9.0
7.8
9.9
10.9
11.4
10.0
9.2
3.2
2.6
3.5
5.3
6.3
4.7
2.9
1.2
1.0
1.6
2.2
3.2
0.3
0.0
45.8
44.4
38.7
39.4
41.2
42.3
41.1
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
26.4
16.0
18.1
14.8
38.6
28.7
26.1
26.9
20.7
9.9
22.4
12.3
10.9
5.8
13.0
7.1
6.2
0.3
5.4
0.5
2.1
0.0
1.0
0.5
53.6
49.1
45.3
42.0
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
43.6
46.0
42.1
42.9
36.5
35.1
30.0
26.2
24.5
26.0
62.9
66.6
61.4
64.6
59.0
54.5
49.7
44.7
41.6
44.1
46.3
50.3
46.0
46.8
40.7
38.5
34.8
29.9
29.3
31.4
24.2
36.6
35.1
34.6
24.5
25.8
21.7
19.4
17.2
18.4
10.7
15.5
16.4
13.7
10.1
12.4
8.0
7.2
8.3
10.9
5.3
2.8
2.2
2.7
2.3
2.0
3.2
1.8
2.2
2.2
70.4
74.5
72.6
71.7
66.7
62.7
59.4
56.9
54.5
56.3
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
13.1
9.0
14.3
9.7
6.6
6.9
7.0
5.8
4.4
6.4
8.5
20.3
16.3
26.7
18.9
16.0
14.2
13.0
12.3
11.2
13.2
17.4
12.7
9.8
18.8
10.5
6.3
8.5
11.9
8.2
7.0
8.8
11.4
10.7
5.1
9.3
8.5
5.5
5.9
5.2
6.0
3.5
6.5
9.9
3.0
1.8
3.2
2.7
1.9
0.8
2.2
0.9
0.9
2.7
3.8
1.5
2.0
0.1
1.1
0.4
1.5
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.5
42.1
36.8
46.1
38.9
32.3
32.2
32.6
28.5
26.8
29.2
32.3
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
36.8
33.9
33.5
20.8
20.9
48.9
49.1
49.2
32.0
33.3
37.5
33.1
31.9
23.0
21.5
23.9
22.9
22.6
13.0
17.3
16.9
18.0
13.3
7.1
10.4
10.1
3.8
7.0
2.7
1.8
66.3
64.0
63.9
54.4
52.9
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
10.8
7.3
7.7
5.5
9.0
6.7
6.4
5.7
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.7
22.6
17.6
17.3
13.9
22.0
21.3
16.4
16.3
14.6
10.5
12.7
11.0
14.3
14.5
9.2
12.6
7.7
13.2
9.6
10.8
8.0
9.0
7.5
8.5
9.8
9.1
13.7
10.2
10.3
7.3
11.5
8.1
8.7
7.3
5.6
7.6
6.4
5.8
6.2
6.1
3.8
3.8
3.6
5.9
4.6
2.8
4.1
3.3
2.3
2.6
2.9
3.5
1.2
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.4
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.8
31.0
23.8
23.4
19.5
26.2
21.6
21.7
19.5
18.7
17.0
16.3
15.1
15.5
Paraguay
1990 e/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
13.1
18.8
16.3
17.1
18.3
25.4
21.5
23.5
20.9
19.0
24.7
33.8
34.1
33.4
28.4
47.6
43.9
40.0
41.7
36.8
20.1
25.3
19.6
24.4
24.8
33.6
29.6
31.5
28.2
25.7
9.2
12.6
11.2
13.4
15.4
22.6
23.5
24.8
22.3
22.1
4.5
4.4
3.0
3.9
11.1
8.9
7.2
11.2
10.0
10.3
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
1.3
3.1
1.3
1.8
2.7
2.2
43.2
49.9
46.3
49.1
50.1
57.7
53.4
54.4
50.3
48.2
2010
2011
19.4
18.2
37.5
37.6
30.2
27.6
20.1
16.0
6.8
12.8
1.1
1.2
46.5
42.9
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
9.7
9.3
9.9
8.6
3.5
3.4
2.8
2.5
1.4
17.6
14.5
20.0
18.5
7.5
6.9
5.4
4.3
2.6
13.8
14.5
14.5
14.1
6.7
5.7
5.7
4.2
1.9
8.9
12.6
8.7
8.5
4.2
3.7
2.6
3.2
1.9
2.2
4.0
5.0
2.3
1.4
2.2
1.8
1.7
0.7
0.8
0.4
1.3
0.4
0.3
0.9
0.5
0.5
0.5
33.6
36.1
42.0
40.0
25.7
23.5
21.1
19.1
18.0
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
16.5
25.9
22.3
18.5
19.0
19.5
19.4
18.1
18.2
30.4
41.4
35.1
30.5
32.4
31.5
32.5
30.1
32.2
23.0
30.7
28.0
23.3
24.5
26.8
23.9
23.6
19.0
14.3
26.0
21.8
18.8
18.5
19.1
20.2
18.5
18.8
8.1
22.0
17.4
12.8
14.0
16.3
17.0
14.1
15.6
3.1
6.5
5.2
4.0
4.7
4.7
3.8
5.5
6.0
42.4
51.8
45.4
41.8
43.0
42.0
39.3
39.6
40.8
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.4
1.9
1.7
1.8
2.5
4.7
4.1
3.1
3.5
2.0
1.4
1.1
6.2
2.0
2.5
3.4
2.9
7.2
4.2
4.4
5.1
3.3
2.3
2.1
5.4
3.4
2.9
3.0
4.7
7.8
6.8
5.4
7.0
4.0
2.8
2.2
1.9
1.2
1.1
1.4
2.2
5.2
5.2
3.2
3.5
2.0
1.3
1.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.6
1.3
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
17.9
9.7
9.5
9.4
15.4
20.9
18.8
18.1
14.0
10.7
8.6
6.7
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
13.1
17.1
19.7
20.7
27.3
28.7
15.3
19.3
23.5
10.1
14.8
20.1
5.5
8.2
9.2
3.4
2.3
3.7
38.6
47.1
47.3
d/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarro
NAL DEL HOGAR, ZONAS URBANAS 1990 - 2011

0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
33.5
28.8
35.8
41.7
65.5
55.4
48.9
42.9
22.4
16.2
11.2
36.8
27.7
30.1
42.2
67.9
53.2
49.7
44.8
21.9
15.5
10.7
22.8
17.1
20.6
29.5
57.5
44.8
40.8
33.4
15.2
11.7
7.1
10.2
4.4
9.0
11.6
31.5
29.8
25.7
19.8
9.4
7.9
5.8
1.5
0.0
1.6
3.0
10.7
10.2
7.1
5.3
2.6
2.0
1.6
66.7
69.1
69.5
61.3
67.6
72.6
60.4
43.5
61.1
61.0
62.0
61.9
65.3
67.8
54.0
43.8
56.5
59.4
54.1
58.5
59.0
58.8
52.4
35.5
42.7
43.2
43.2
39.0
41.6
41.1
37.1
30.1
24.7
15.1
16.9
16.2
13.8
10.4
13.2
12.5
63.0
58.2
48.5
51.1
52.2
52.5
53.3
51.5
49.0
45.7
41.5
36.0
33.7
28.2
40.8
43.0
32.5
37.9
40.5
41.7
43.4
42.9
41.7
38.4
35.1
29.9
29.5
24.4
25.9
28.2
20.2
24.5
27.3
29.3
33.0
32.1
31.7
29.9
26.6
23.5
23.2
19.8
8.2
10.4
6.8
8.5
9.7
10.4
12.3
12.7
12.5
12.1
11.7
9.6
10.6
9.4
1.2
1.8
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.8
1.3
1.5
2.0
1.7
1.7
2.3
51.0
41.1
33.8
30.8
27.8
28.1
21.8
17.5
14.6
46.5
34.3
30.0
29.9
28.0
26.6
18.1
14.8
16.0
47.7
36.9
30.4
29.9
29.2
26.9
19.6
17.7
16.5
29.1
19.9
14.8
13.7
15.5
15.0
10.8
9.7
9.6
6.1
4.0
2.3
2.5
1.5
2.2
3.3
2.5
3.0
71.3
63.2
64.7
68.7
66.8
65.9
65.8
64.9
60.2
58.6
54.6
51.0
62.7
55.3
57.1
62.9
56.9
57.7
56.6
52.5
48.7
45.4
43.4
40.5
53.0
49.6
48.1
56.4
49.1
47.2
47.2
45.5
40.1
38.6
35.9
32.9
28.3
22.4
23.8
28.6
26.0
27.1
26.3
24.7
24.8
23.4
21.6
20.3
7.5
5.1
5.4
8.2
5.0
5.1
5.6
4.5
5.1
4.6
4.0
3.8
43.2
34.4
33.2
38.2
36.9
38.3
43.9
40.0
36.6
33.0
34.6
27.6
36.1
33.7
28.4
27.4
27.1
24.9
28.2
31.2
30.1
28.3
24.3
30.1
27.9
30.4
24.1
23.0
20.7
16.0
15.8
19.5
19.4
16.2
17.5
18.3
21.3
19.2
19.8
8.7
8.3
9.5
5.9
8.4
8.1
9.9
6.3
8.0
4.1
8.0
6.2
5.7
1.3
2.7
2.8
1.4
3.1
1.5
1.7
1.2
3.2
1.9
1.2
1.7
1.6
78.5
76.6
77.0
82.9
72.2
68.6
67.8
65.7
61.4
62.5
56.2
54.5
52.4
72.8
69.8
68.0
77.6
60.8
61.3
57.9
52.1
51.7
50.4
53.1
50.3
41.5
65.0
64.6
66.1
71.5
56.1
55.5
55.8
46.9
44.5
46.0
46.6
45.0
38.7
49.5
46.8
45.3
55.4
39.5
35.8
34.7
29.2
31.8
30.6
34.6
30.0
24.8
21.6
23.2
23.6
23.9
16.1
15.0
11.0
8.5
10.0
9.7
11.2
8.8
9.5
66.2
67.0
59.0
57.0
60.3
62.4
60.8
49.6
49.8
46.3
47.2
47.1
51.0
52.8
39.3
39.4
33.8
37.6
39.5
44.1
42.7
19.3
18.6
16.6
20.4
24.8
24.4
21.0
4.9
3.7
3.6
5.9
8.0
3.8
2.9
71.3
69.0
62.6
61.2
49.1
47.4
50.4
46.1
33.3
35.9
39.6
31.6
14.9
17.7
21.6
11.2
6.7
1.8
4.0
4.4
88.2
91.6
87.8
89.7
85.9
83.2
80.8
78.7
76.0
79.1
78.3
81.9
79.8
79.5
77.1
71.6
69.0
67.4
65.4
66.8
58.1
71.4
72.8
72.8
63.0
57.3
55.9
52.9
51.2
56.1
27.4
46.0
49.4
42.6
34.3
30.8
31.2
29.0
27.7
32.5
12.7
15.5
15.1
12.1
12.2
8.4
9.7
8.1
7.6
7.2
56.6
55.6
66.8
60.2
56.1
51.2
52.2
47.3
44.0
43.8
51.0
45.3
42.6
57.0
45.9
37.6
39.2
42.1
37.6
37.0
36.8
41.0
39.8
33.5
43.5
38.5
32.3
34.5
36.6
33.5
32.5
35.1
40.3
18.3
11.7
24.2
19.5
16.1
16.5
15.7
13.2
14.0
18.6
22.1
9.6
6.5
3.4
3.4
4.8
5.3
4.1
3.3
1.7
4.1
4.0
78.5
79.0
80.8
72.0
72.7
67.8
65.6
62.1
54.2
56.4
57.2
57.3
57.2
50.9
48.6
40.3
41.8
39.9
31.2
36.9
24.1
15.3
19.5
14.9
12.4
51.0
45.4
45.8
38.6
50.9
44.4
46.0
46.9
46.3
34.9
39.8
37.0
36.3
44.0
32.9
35.9
26.2
38.0
32.6
34.8
32.6
28.0
26.8
26.5
26.5
28.7
38.1
32.2
31.3
27.0
35.1
29.8
29.5
23.9
25.3
23.3
22.2
19.2
21.8
21.5
14.4
15.6
15.2
18.5
15.1
13.9
13.0
12.6
12.5
11.8
11.3
12.2
4.7
3.0
2.4
2.2
3.7
3.3
3.7
3.1
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.5
64.1
74.5
67.7
65.9
67.4
80.6
80.7
79.9
78.8
71.1
59.1
63.8
58.1
63.4
64.5
72.9
68.0
70.5
66.2
64.3
43.8
43.5
42.3
49.0
54.4
61.6
60.2
57.2
56.8
54.3
20.5
21.0
17.7
27.3
28.2
35.3
38.3
34.9
32.0
37.0
7.8
4.2
5.3
9.0
4.5
9.6
10.4
11.8
11.5
9.7
71.2
67.3
61.3
55.9
51.4
46.3
35.1
37.3
7.4
10.6
45.5
50.5
60.2
60.0
41.4
41.4
32.7
31.6
30.2
41.8
47.4
54.6
53.6
36.5
31.8
31.6
26.6
25.3
37.3
42.4
46.2
46.0
33.7
30.1
26.4
24.9
21.6
17.0
28.1
31.5
29.0
19.7
18.5
16.9
14.7
14.4
4.6
9.8
13.0
10.6
6.6
6.1
5.9
5.6
5.6
63.5
68.5
61.2
57.2
58.3
57.2
59.5
58.7
54.9
50.1
60.9
52.7
48.7
51.0
51.7
47.5
47.1
46.7
44.9
54.4
49.3
43.9
46.0
46.3
41.9
42.6
46.3
30.7
48.5
38.8
37.5
38.2
39.3
36.4
36.3
35.9
13.4
20.0
15.1
15.7
17.2
14.0
11.5
13.5
18.4
29.0
13.8
11.3
13.9
18.3
25.1
20.9
25.0
18.3
14.8
12.1
9.6
23.9
13.8
14.3
14.8
23.7
30.1
27.6
28.2
22.8
19.7
16.4
12.5
15.4
8.8
9.2
9.2
18.3
26.1
23.9
20.7
17.5
12.0
9.1
8.1
3.7
2.4
2.4
2.3
5.1
9.5
8.0
4.4
3.8
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.9
2.0
1.1
0.9
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.7
53.2
61.2
61.9
45.6
50.2
54.4
34.3
48.0
49.0
20.1
32.2
32.1
9.6
15.9
12.3
estas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo
palme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 8.2
INCIDENCIA DE LA POBREZA Y LA INDIGENCIA, SEGN CLIMA EDUCACIONAL DEL HOGAR, ZONAS RURA
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
Total
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
Total
Bolivia
1997
61.5
70.7
58.8
39.9
13.9
7.3
78.5
(Estado
1999
64.6
70.4
64.3
49.4
3.4
6.3
80.7
Plurinacional de)
2002
62.9
72.0
59.2
45.0
33.2
4.7
79.2
2004
58.8
71.6
59.2
41.8
9.1
9.3
80.6
2007
59.0
70.7
62.4
38.4
36.4
10.1
75.8
2009
43.0
52.6
47.8
27.5
16.5
6.9
61.5
1990
46.1
54.1
28.4
10.3
2.8
3.4
70.6
1993
38.8
46.1
23.0
9.1
3.9
0.0
63.0
1996
30.2
36.9
18.7
9.2
1.9
0.0
55.6
1999
27.1
33.2
19.2
8.3
2.7
0.6
55.3
2001
28.0
33.3
21.4
9.8
2.5
0.7
55.2
2002
26.4
31.9
20.4
8.6
1.1
0.0
55.7
2003
27.5
33.9
20.6
11.2
3.4
0.2
54.6
2004
24.1
29.5
19.1
11.2
3.7
0.0
54.1
2005
22.2
27.8
17.6
9.0
3.1
0.0
53.3
2006
20.5
25.4
17.9
9.7
2.6
0.0
50.1
2007
18.1
22.0
16.6
9.7
4.3
0.1
45.7
2008
16.5
20.8
15.6
8.0
3.4
2.5
41.2
2009
15.2
19.5
13.7
9.0
3.9
1.5
39.3
2011
14.9
18.8
13.8
9.4
5.1
2.4
36.1
1990
15.6
15.5
17.5
18.4
4.2
1.8
38.8
1994
9.9
11.1
10.6
10.3
5.0
1.1
31.1
1996
9.4
8.9
11.8
9.0
2.5
0.0
30.4
1998
8.6
9.9
10.1
7.2
2.9
0.0
27.5
2000
8.4
8.0
9.7
9.1
4.3
0.8
23.7
2003
6.2
5.7
7.9
6.3
2.9
0.6
20.0
2006
3.5
3.6
4.0
3.8
1.8
0.9
12.3
2009
4.4
4.6
4.9
5.3
2.4
0.6
10.4
2011
3.8
3.3
5.4
3.8
2.3
1.9
8.7
1991
34.3
39.7
31.0
20.9
7.2
3.1
60.7
1994
42.5
50.5
38.5
25.4
10.6
3.5
62.3
1997
33.4
39.7
31.9
19.5
7.9
1.1
60.1
1999
34.6
39.4
35.0
26.0
12.8
1.2
61.8
2002
33.0
39.5
31.0
21.6
11.9
0.0
61.2
2003
28.8
34.6
27.1
17.9
8.5
0.6
56.6
2004
29.1
34.8
27.2
19.6
9.5
2.8
58.5
2005
28.0
32.7
27.4
18.1
11.6
0.6
56.6
2008
33.0
41.3
29.8
20.4
20.3
1.6
57.2
2009
29.1
35.8
27.4
19.8
10.6
1.6
54.4
Brasil
Chile
Colombia b/
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
2010
25.5
32.1
23.6
16.9
12.5
1.4
50.5
2011
21.8
28.2
20.2
12.7
11.3
1.4
46.2
1990
12.5
18.9
11.4
6.3
1.6
0.2
27.3
1994
9.7
14.9
9.6
4.4
1.8
0.0
25.0
1997
9.6
17.3
9.4
4.2
1.7
0.0
24.8
1999
9.8
16.0
10.0
5.4
2.5
1.4
22.3
2002
12.0
18.9
13.0
5.9
2.5
3.0
24.3
2004
11.0
18.1
11.3
6.4
4.4
1.0
23.1
2005
9.0
16.1
10.2
3.8
2.0
0.9
22.7
2006
9.8
20.2
10.1
4.1
1.7
0.8
20.4
2007
6.8
13.3
7.4
3.2
2.0
0.8
19.6
2008
7.3
13.1
8.0
4.4
2.6
0.4
17.5
2009
9.1
14.9
11.3
5.3
1.3
0.6
19.5
2010
9.9
18.4
10.5
5.3
2.3
1.3
20.8
2011
9.5
16.5
10.9
5.4
1.9
0.5
19.6
2004
30.5
36.0
32.2
18.3
13.2
2.1
58.5
2005
29.2
33.7
29.6
21.6
14.4
6.0
54.5
2006
22.5
27.4
22.0
14.9
10.2
4.6
49.0
2007
23.0
24.0
24.5
21.1
12.9
8.1
50.0
2008
25.6
28.1
27.1
21.3
14.7
1.8
50.2
2009
23.3
26.8
23.3
20.7
11.9
3.2
46.3
2010
20.8
23.7
21.6
16.9
11.4
3.4
43.1
2011
21.3
23.5
22.6
17.2
11.7
6.8
41.4
1995
29.9
32.6
22.5
17.6
4.2
9.6
64.4
1997
33.6
37.4
25.4
12.7
17.2
0.0
69.2
1999
34.3
38.4
28.3
13.1
6.6
2.9
65.1
2001
33.3
38.3
24.7
16.3
13.2
3.8
62.4
2004
26.6
32.8
18.4
10.0
10.7
2.9
56.8
2009
25.2
30.5
20.1
12.1
6.9
9.6
57.6
2010
23.5
27.7
20.9
12.9
4.1
0.0
55.8
1989
50.2
52.9
33.5
13.2
0.7
0.0
77.7
1998
41.8
46.0
21.6
8.8
0.0
0.0
69.0
2002
37.6
39.6
37.0
15.6
0.0
0.0
68.0
2006
42.2
47.8
25.7
7.7
1.0
0.0
66.5
1990
72.9
77.8
63.3
30.8
3.0
0.0
88.1
1994
59.8
67.5
53.4
16.9
5.6
0.0
80.5
1997
64.0
71.1
56.7
27.6
26.0
0.0
84.2
1999
68.0
74.8
62.4
28.2
13.2
0.0
86.3
2002
69.5
78.0
59.1
26.7
7.1
0.0
86.1
2003
69.4
75.0
67.1
29.1
16.0
0.0
84.8
2006
65.3
75.1
56.8
25.9
11.1
4.4
81.5
2007
61.7
71.2
54.6
23.4
10.8
4.5
78.8
2009
56.2
64.6
50.9
21.5
8.3
0.6
75.1
2010
56.8
66.5
49.9
27.4
9.5
1.1
76.5
Mxico
1989
27.9
31.4
21.4
13.1
11.9
1.4
56.7
1994
27.5
31.6
22.1
9.2
8.9
0.6
56.5
1996
33.0
39.3
29.9
18.3
7.6
0.0
62.8
1998
31.1
38.8
27.3
15.1
3.6
0.0
58.5
2000
28.5
36.5
26.3
15.0
3.2
0.0
54.7
2002
21.9
27.1
23.4
8.4
4.7
0.7
51.2
2004
19.3
28.6
18.7
10.0
0.8
0.1
44.1
2005
21.7
31.1
21.2
10.8
2.5
0.3
47.5
2006
16.1
25.3
15.0
8.0
0.6
0.0
40.1
2008
19.8
25.3
21.9
15.3
2.8
1.6
44.6
2010
21.3
31.2
24.6
12.3
4.7
0.4
42.9
1993
62.8
68.4
45.2
32.8
25.4
0.0
82.7
1998
57.5
64.7
41.9
38.9
18.9
0.0
77.0
2001
55.2
60.7
46.3
24.5
0.0
0.0
77.1
2005
46.1
51.0
37.7
21.8
4.8
0.0
71.5
2009
40.9
45.9
35.8
26.3
9.8
0.0
65.4
2002
34.6
51.0
35.8
18.9
6.2
1.1
54.6
2004
31.6
48.6
33.0
17.5
8.2
0.6
52.3
2005
27.5
44.0
27.3
17.8
7.6
1.9
47.2
2006
29.2
49.1
29.8
15.4
7.5
1.4
47.9
2007
24.1
38.5
25.5
15.1
5.5
1.0
46.6
2008
28.8
46.4
32.0
17.6
6.0
1.6
46.3
2009
22.3
36.5
23.7
13.7
6.1
1.0
43.9
2010
26.6
41.8
29.0
17.3
6.9
3.2
44.8
2011
26.8
45.8
27.0
15.5
4.0
0.9
43.6
1999
48.8
57.8
49.4
22.1
6.3
0.0
70.4
2001
46.3
58.3
47.4
17.2
3.2
10.0
70.9
2004
42.2
50.2
43.1
29.3
10.1
9.6
69.0
2005
35.9
43.1
37.4
27.1
7.4
0.0
61.6
2007
42.4
50.6
47.6
23.6
18.5
3.6
67.6
2008
43.1
50.6
48.8
27.5
15.4
0.0
66.3
2009
46.6
55.1
51.5
33.5
15.9
0.6
67.1
2010
46.8
57.2
50.7
30.3
21.5
0.0
66.6
2011
42.1
56.1
45.0
31.8
13.7
0.0
59.3
1997
52.7
60.4
51.0
28.5
17.1
0.0
72.7
1999
47.3
52.3
52.7
25.3
8.9
0.0
72.5
2001
51.3
58.5
54.2
38.7
16.4
1.0
78.4
2003
44.6
51.2
47.2
34.1
12.7
4.6
75.2
2007
32.9
37.5
37.2
24.7
12.5
2.7
64.6
2008
29.7
34.9
32.1
21.4
9.5
2.8
59.8
2009
27.8
31.9
29.2
23.7
12.5
5.0
60.3
2010
23.3
27.4
24.5
17.9
11.6
2.3
54.2
2011
20.5
25.0
21.9
14.7
7.2
0.3
56.1
Repblica
2002
28.6
37.2
27.8
19.1
9.7
5.5
55.9
Dominicana
2004
34.7
45.0
36.8
29.1
19.3
6.8
59.0
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
2005
28.8
35.9
30.3
23.4
17.6
4.5
51.4
2006
28.5
36.6
32.0
23.0
14.7
2.1
49.5
2007
24.6
30.4
27.2
21.0
18.3
5.0
47.3
2008
29.0
36.4
31.5
22.4
18.9
7.7
49.1
2009
24.3
31.5
25.9
18.3
14.8
7.1
44.7
2010
26.5
35.4
29.2
19.3
14.8
8.1
45.2
2011
24.7
33.6
22.8
21.1
16.2
7.2
44.9
2007
2.4
1.7
2.4
3.1
0.3
0.0
12.6
2008
2.4
4.5
3.0
1.3
0.0
2.5
9.4
2009
1.3
2.8
1.6
0.8
0.0
0.0
5.9
2010
1.1
2.1
1.5
0.5
0.0
0.5
4.2
2011
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.3
0.4
0.0
4.1
Venezuela
1990
21.3
24.1
19.6
13.2
3.9
4.5
46.0
(Repblica
1994
28.3
28.7
32.8
20.7
7.2
0.0
55.6
Bolivariana de)
1997
32.2
31.8
34.7
31.5
0.0
0.0
58.9
Uruguay
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respect
b/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarr
/ Nmero insuficiente de observaciones.
IONAL DEL HOGAR, ZONAS RURALES 1990 - 2011

0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
84.9
75.7
66.2
55.9
22.3
86.0
79.7
71.5
30.2
6.3
87.4
75.6
64.0
57.7
8.7
88.0
82.7
74.1
53.3
14.1
84.9
80.1
60.4
56.2
23.6
68.3
67.7
49.0
39.9
26.6
78.9
54.6
27.3
9.9
5.4
70.6
48.2
29.2
15.5
0.0
63.5
44.2
27.9
11.1
0.0
63.1
46.8
30.8
10.5
2.9
61.1
50.2
31.4
8.9
3.9
61.6
51.8
33.5
12.6
7.3
61.0
49.9
36.0
16.0
0.2
60.6
50.1
38.0
17.1
1.2
59.7
50.3
38.4
16.7
1.3
55.7
49.0
38.8
15.7
3.9
50.8
45.9
34.8
17.5
1.0
46.3
43.0
31.2
13.8
6.0
44.4
40.7
31.4
14.4
6.1
40.3
38.9
28.9
13.2
2.4
37.2
42.8
46.3
19.4
5.1
32.7
34.6
34.1
15.4
1.5
27.3
34.6
34.6
13.6
0.5
27.6
31.2
28.8
10.7
0.9
22.5
26.3
26.6
13.1
1.2
18.6
23.7
21.8
10.0
1.1
12.9
14.6
13.1
5.9
2.8
12.2
11.7
11.7
6.2
1.0
8.7
11.1
8.8
6.1
4.0
66.5
58.2
48.4
19.9
7.4
69.7
60.6
46.8
19.0
16.4
66.8
60.2
46.6
23.3
5.4
66.6
64.4
53.8
31.6
6.8
69.5
60.4
46.6
23.3
4.4
63.8
55.8
44.8
22.4
3.1
64.6
59.2
44.8
27.9
5.2
63.2
57.3
42.4
26.1
1.1
66.2
55.1
41.9
39.9
4.5
62.0
54.9
41.1
25.2
4.8
59.2
49.5
38.6
25.0
7.9
54.9
45.4
34.2
24.6
4.7
34.8
28.3
17.3
5.0
1.8
33.4
26.8
14.5
5.6
0.0
37.8
25.8
14.1
9.3
6.2
33.7
24.4
12.1
5.6
2.0
35.2
26.4
16.0
5.0
3.0
36.0
24.3
15.8
6.1
1.4
35.2
25.4
14.8
6.8
0.9
36.0
22.1
12.1
5.1
1.0
31.0
20.9
15.7
6.1
0.8
28.6
20.4
11.1
5.3
0.4
29.3
23.1
14.9
3.5
0.6
32.5
23.1
14.5
4.6
1.7
29.4
22.5
14.2
5.4
1.5
65.5
59.8
47.3
36.3
13.7
59.3
56.7
45.4
29.3
11.3
54.4
50.4
40.7
24.7
9.2
52.7
52.5
45.8
31.9
12.2
53.7
52.3
46.8
32.1
7.5
50.9
46.9
44.2
28.4
5.9
48.2
44.4
38.0
24.7
8.7
43.8
43.8
41.0
21.8
11.3
68.6
53.8
43.7
12.1
9.6
72.4
65.3
48.8
30.0
6.3
70.2
59.5
38.1
15.6
10.1
68.6
53.1
42.1
26.6
6.1
63.1
50.6
41.1
24.2
2.9
63.6
55.2
41.2
23.7
14.6
61.8
53.0
42.6
19.8
7.3
81.0
58.9
31.4
7.0
0.0
73.0
52.5
30.1
0.0
0.0
72.4
59.7
43.0
1.5
0.0
72.6
49.5
32.1
3.9
0.0
92.1
80.9
51.4
9.1
0.0
86.8
75.8
43.7
35.4
0.0
89.7
79.2
59.9
44.7
0.0
90.7
84.6
63.7
25.9
1.8
91.8
80.9
54.4
22.5
4.0
89.7
83.5
51.1
25.2
0.0
88.6
77.2
47.5
31.1
7.6
86.6
74.5
45.4
21.8
7.1
82.5
71.7
42.3
21.9
2.9
85.1
71.8
47.4
25.7
1.1
61.5
51.5
33.7
25.4
62.3
52.2
28.3
26.0
15.8
2.5
71.3
60.4
41.1
25.5
10.3
68.4
54.2
39.3
19.2
2.8
63.3
54.2
47.2
12.8
2.0
59.8
54.1
35.5
11.4
3.8
56.2
45.9
32.2
15.1
2.2
59.8
49.7
33.5
16.4
1.4
50.5
41.7
31.7
13.7
2.0
54.2
47.7
37.2
19.6
3.9
53.8
49.2
35.0
17.3
1.8
87.5
68.0
54.2
68.7
0.0
83.0
67.8
56.3
18.9
16.5
82.4
68.2
52.4
17.0
0.0
76.8
62.7
47.3
19.9
2.2
71.4
61.2
46.0
23.5
1.6
72.9
58.1
38.4
15.6
1.8
71.6
56.8
36.7
16.7
4.2
66.3
49.9
37.3
14.6
4.5
69.9
50.7
34.6
16.8
3.3
66.2
50.7
35.6
14.6
4.5
66.7
52.4
32.3
15.6
9.7
65.1
46.9
33.7
13.9
4.0
63.6
50.5
32.7
15.7
5.8
67.0
45.8
30.0
11.9
1.8
78.5
71.4
50.5
10.7
5.5
79.3
72.2
55.4
12.9
16.1
76.1
70.2
59.8
32.0
14.2
69.3
63.0
57.2
27.6
0.8
76.5
71.3
56.6
41.0
7.6
77.3
70.3
53.8
33.0
10.1
77.8
72.0
51.6
33.9
14.5
77.3
71.6
49.7
33.9
9.0
74.8
62.6
48.3
30.8
0.0
79.8
73.1
48.2
26.3
0.0
78.4
75.0
53.2
31.0
32.0
84.5
80.5
70.6
48.5
15.4
80.9
79.5
67.9
36.3
16.7
70.7
69.8
57.4
33.9
9.2
65.8
64.0
50.8
34.6
9.5
66.1
63.0
55.2
36.8
14.1
60.7
57.2
45.9
31.9
11.1
63.3
60.5
47.0
29.9
7.9
63.9
56.4
49.9
28.8
19.0
72.0
60.5
53.0
42.8
19.9
60.9
53.2
45.8
29.1
60.4
54.0
41.7
34.6
11.2
57.2
49.0
42.9
35.7
18.4
56.2
54.8
41.5
33.4
28.1
54.6
48.2
35.6
31.6
17.0
56.1
47.8
37.4
33.1
14.2
52.4
46.2
41.7
35.9
19.9
11.6
14.6
12.8
1.1
0.0
10.9
11.5
7.8
0.9
2.5
8.5
7.8
3.2
1.4
1.2
4.2
5.9
2.9
0.6
0.5
3.7
6.6
1.6
0.7
0.0
51.1
44.3
27.7
15.1
7.1
56.4
60.1
50.2
27.3
0.0
60.5
60.8
52.5
8.6
0.0
uevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo
el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
27.2
Cuadro 9
INCIDENCIA DE LA INDIGENCIA Y LA POBREZA SEGN CONDICIN DE ACTIVIDAD Y CATEGORA OCUPACIONAL

(Poblacin de 15 aos y ms de edad, en porcentajes)
Indigencia
Ocupados
Pas
Ao
Total
Asalariados
Trabajadores por
cuenta propia y
familiares no
remunerados a/
Total
ocupados
Desocupados
Inactivos
Bolivia
1997
32
11
49
35
40
25
(Estado
1999
32
48
34
22
26
Plurinacional de)
2002
32
11
47
34
28
27
2004
29
15
42
31
26
25
2007
27
47
30
23
20
2009
19
30
19
21
18
1990
18
13
24
16
33
21
1993
15
11
21
15
28
14
1996
10
16
21
11
1999
15
18
2001
10
14
22
10
2002
14
19
10
2003
10
15
22
11
2004
14
20
10
2005
13
16
2006
11
15
2007
10
15
2008
14
2009
15
2011
15
1990
10
28
12
1994
19
1996
17
1998
19
2000
17
2003
15
2006
10
2009
11
2011
10
1991
21
12
31
19
28
24
1994
24
20
25
21
35
27
1997
20
25
15
33
24
1999
23
29
18
36
26
2002
14
20
12
21
17
2003
12
17
10
19
14
2004
12
16
10
18
14
2005
11
15
16
13
Brasil
Chile
Colombia b/
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
2008
13
15
21
17
2009
11
14
18
15
2010
10
12
16
13
2011
10
14
11
1990
23
13
1994
19
10
1997
21
10
1999
19
10
2002
20
10
2004
20
10
2005
18
2006
16
10
2007
13
2008
18
2009
20
2010
20
2011
21
2004
18
11
24
16
30
21
2005
18
10
22
15
28
22
2006
13
17
11
22
16
2007
13
18
11
19
16
2008
15
19
12
22
18
2009
15
20
12
24
18
2010
14
19
11
26
16
2011
12
15
17
15
1995
18
22
13
31
22
1997
19
26
15
28
23
1999
18
25
14
29
23
2001
18
24
15
33
22
2004
16
20
12
32
19
2009
15
19
11
26
18
2010
14
18
11
26
17
1989
35
27
36
31
34
42
1998
26
23
28
24
24
29
2002
23
18
24
20
22
28
2006
23
15
28
20
12
28
1990
54
36
65
50
60
58
1994
48
34
55
43
60
53
1997
48
35
55
44
66
53
1999
50
38
58
46
61
57
2002
48
35
58
46
46
52
2003
48
33
58
45
45
52
2006
43
28
55
41
34
47
2007
40
26
50
37
46
44
2009
36
26
45
35
28
39
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
2010
38
23
48
36
35
41
1989
14
12
15
13
18
16
1994
13
11
14
12
18
14
1996
17
14
21
16
25
18
1998
14
11
19
13
19
15
2000
11
15
10
12
13
2002
10
12
12
11
2004
13
13
11
2005
12
15
11
2006
11
2008
13
14
11
2010
10
14
17
12
1993
43
27
43
34
55
51
1998
39
24
45
33
50
47
2001
37
24
41
31
50
44
2005
28
18
34
25
32
32
2009
25
12
31
21
33
31
2002
15
28
12
19
17
2004
12
25
11
16
14
2005
11
21
14
13
2006
11
22
15
13
2007
16
12
11
2008
10
20
14
12
2009
14
12
11
2010
19
13
11
2011
18
14
13
1999
25
11
36
23
30
30
2001
25
13
35
23
29
27
2004
26
14
34
24
37
29
2005
22
11
31
21
28
26
2007
25
13
38
24
36
27
2008
24
12
36
22
33
28
2009
25
11
38
24
32
30
2010
26
12
38
23
36
32
2011
23
10
35
20
35
28
1997
20
31
20
21
19
1999
17
29
18
14
16
2001
19
32
21
14
17
2003
17
28
19
12
12
2007
11
20
12
2008
10
18
11
2009
17
10
2010
14
2011
Repblica
2002
17
13
10
33
25
Dominicana
2004
25
19
13
16
37
35
2005
21
14
10
12
38
32
2006
19
11
10
10
35
28
2007
18
12
31
28
2008
20
14
11
31
30
2009
18
12
30
27
2010
18
12
35
28
2011
17
11
32
28
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Uruguay
Venezuela
1990
11
30
16
(Repblica
1994
14
11
10
10
31
18
Bolivariana de)
1997
16
13
11
31
21
1999
18
11
13
11
37
24
2002
18
12
12
12
35
24
2004
15
10
10
31
21
2005
13
27
18
2006
21
11
2007
19
10
2008
21
11
2009
22
12
2010
24
12
2011
23
13
a/ Excluye empleadores y servicio domstico.
dro 9
ACTIVIDAD Y CATEGORA OCUPACIONAL, TOTAL NACIONAL 1990 - 2011
s de edad, en porcentajes)
Pobreza
Ocupados
Total
Asalariados
Trabajadores por
cuenta propia y
familiares no
remunerados a/
Total
ocupados
Desocupados
Inactivos
57
38
71
58
68
53
54
34
68
56
53
51
56
37
69
57
58
54
57
44
68
58
63
55
48
30
67
50
46
45
37
20
50
36
46
39
42
36
49
38
60
46
38
34
45
37
57
39
29
24
36
27
46
30
31
26
38
29
47
31
31
25
36
28
50
32
31
25
37
28
50
33
32
26
38
29
53
33
31
25
38
28
52
32
30
23
38
27
49
31
27
21
33
24
47
29
24
18
30
21
43
27
20
14
26
17
39
23
19
13
25
16
39
22
16
10
21
13
36
20
33
28
23
26
59
38
23
18
17
18
46
28
19
16
11
14
44
23
18
13
10
12
44
22
17
13
12
12
40
19
16
11
10
37
20
11
30
15
10
26
13
27
12
50
41
59
47
63
54
47
41
49
43
62
52
45
33
50
39
62
51
49
34
57
43
67
53
44
29
52
39
56
48
42
28
50
38
55
46
41
26
51
37
54
46
39
25
47
34
51
44
36
21
42
30
50
43
35
18
41
29
48
41
32
16
39
27
45
38
29
14
35
24
41
35
22
13
23
16
43
29
19
12
19
13
37
26
19
11
19
12
40
25
17
10
16
11
38
23
17
23
11
36
25
18
24
11
39
25
18
22
12
36
25
16
23
10
33
24
16
20
10
34
23
14
18
34
20
16
19
38
23
16
20
10
37
20
16
21
11
36
20
45
36
52
42
62
49
43
33
47
38
58
49
37
28
43
34
51
43
37
28
42
33
48
43
37
28
41
33
50
44
37
25
43
32
50
43
34
22
40
29
49
40
31
19
34
26
41
38
48
36
52
42
61
54
49
36
57
43
63
55
44
31
51
38
59
51
43
31
49
38
65
49
42
32
46
36
62
48
43
31
48
37
62
49
41
30
47
36
58
48
63
55
63
58
60
69
54
53
55
53
57
57
50
45
56
48
57
55
47
42
50
44
40
54
76
63
83
73
83
79
73
65
77
70
80
78
74
68
79
72
88
78
75
67
81
73
86
80
73
61
81
70
74
76
70
56
80
67
68
73
66
52
76
64
63
70
64
50
73
60
70
68
61
49
68
58
59
64
62
47
71
59
62
67
42
39
40
38
49
45
39
37
37
36
52
42
47
43
50
44
62
49
41
37
44
38
52
44
35
31
37
32
44
39
34
31
35
31
38
38
32
28
31
28
48
36
30
27
29
27
43
35
27
24
26
24
35
30
29
24
32
26
38
35
31
27
32
28
43
35
69
57
66
61
78
77
65
56
67
60
73
72
64
55
68
59
77
70
57
48
62
53
60
62
54
40
57
49
65
60
31
16
45
26
38
36
27
13
42
23
34
31
25
13
38
21
31
30
24
12
36
20
33
28
23
13
34
19
31
28
22
11
33
18
33
27
21
10
32
17
31
26
20
32
16
29
25
20
31
15
30
28
51
36
60
47
65
58
52
40
61
49
62
55
56
44
63
53
70
61
50
40
57
47
65
55
53
42
65
52
69
56
49
37
62
47
63
54
49
36
60
47
63
56
49
34
60
45
62
57
44
31
54
40
57
52
40
23
54
39
46
42
42
25
55
42
43
42
48
33
62
49
48
46
46
29
61
48
45
41
33
20
48
34
31
30
31
18
44
31
31
29
30
16
43
30
30
28
26
14
39
27
26
25
24
11
35
23
25
26
42
29
38
32
59
52
50
47
34
40
67
61
43
38
27
32
62
55
40
35
27
30
62
51
40
36
24
30
54
52
40
37
23
29
54
52
37
32
20
26
57
48
37
32
21
26
59
49
38
33
21
27
60
50
13
10
18
11
29
13
14
23
11
19
16
15
34
24
25
23
60
43
42
36
34
33
67
49
42
40
28
35
62
50
44
36
35
34
66
53
43
37
34
34
63
51
39
33
32
31
59
48
32
26
24
24
51
40
25
18
20
18
44
33
23
15
21
17
42
32
22
15
20
16
42
31
22
14
18
15
44
31
23
14
19
16
43
31
24
15
22
17
44
33
es de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
n de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo

para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 9.1
INCIDENCIA DE LA INDIGENCIA Y LA POBREZA SEGN CONDICIN DE ACTIVIDAD Y CATEGORA OCUPACIONA

Indigencia
Ocupados
Pas
Ao
Total
Asalariados
Argentina b/
Trabajadores por
Desocupados
cuenta propia y
Total ocupados
familiares no
remunerados a/
Inactivos
1990
18
1994
1997
10
1999
12
2002
16
14
12
30
16
2004
12
26
14
2005
22
11
2006
20
2009
2010
2011
Bolivia
1989 c/
21
13
12
12
43
28
(Estado
1994 c/
16
13
15
13
38
21
1997
18
10
22
16
39
21
1999
17
20
14
21
20
2002
17
10
21
15
24
19
2004
15
10
19
14
25
16
2007
13
22
12
19
15
2009
10
11
20
14
1990
13
10
13
10
32
16
1993
11
13
27
12
1996
21
1999
18
2001
21
2002
19
2003
10
22
10
2004
20
2005
16
2006
14
2007
15
2008
14
2009
14
2011
14
1990
10
28
11
1994
18
1996
16
1998
18
Plurinacional de)
Brasil
Chile
Colombia d/
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
2000
17
2003
14
2006
10
2009
10
2011
10
1991
16
10
19
12
24
19
1994
15
12
14
12
28
18
1997
14
14
10
29
18
1999
18
22
13
34
20
2002
10
12
18
11
2003
11
17
10
2004
10
15
2005
13
2008
18
12
2009
15
10
2010
14
2011
12
1990
23
10
1994
14
1997
15
1999
16
2002
16
2004
18
2005
17
2006
13
2007
12
2008
13
2009
17
2010
16
2011
18
1990
22
12
26
17
37
27
1994
21
14
22
16
36
27
1997
18
12
20
14
33
23
1999
27
19
29
21
44
32
2002
16
10
17
12
30
20
2004
15
17
12
28
19
2005
14
16
11
26
19
2006
10
12
21
13
2007
10
12
15
13
2008
11
12
19
15
2009
13
15
21
17
2010
12
16
27
15
2011
11
15
12
1995
12
14
26
16
1997
12
16
24
14
1999
11
13
22
14
Guatemala
Honduras
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
2001
12
13
28
15
2004
11
13
28
14
2009
11
13
22
13
2010
10
13
21
13
1989
21
15
20
17
31
27
1998
12
11
14
11
12
14
2002
14
14
10
19
21
2006
11
13
10
14
1990
37
24
49
32
56
41
1994
40
30
47
35
64
46
1997
36
28
42
32
64
41
1999
37
29
42
32
58
43
2002
31
22
41
28
43
35
2003
30
19
42
27
41
33
2006
25
15
34
22
31
31
2007
22
12
29
18
39
26
2009
21
12
29
18
26
24
2010
22
11
32
19
32
25
1989
10
16
11
1994
13
1996
11
10
10
10
22
13
1998
14
2000
2002
11
2004
2005
10
2006
2008
11
2010
15
1993
33
21
26
23
53
40
1998
29
21
26
22
45
35
2001
29
20
26
22
47
35
2005
18
13
19
15
28
22
2009
18
19
14
29
23
1991
13
19
10
1994
14
1997
14
1999
12
2002
17
2004
14
2005
12
2006
14
2007
10
2008
11
2009
12
Paraguay
2010
11
2011
12
1990 e/
10
35
13
1994
14
10
15
11
40
18
1996
13
15
10
28
16
1999
13
16
10
23
16
2001
13
16
11
27
16
2004
20
13
25
17
36
22
2005
17
11
23
14
25
21
2007
18
12
25
16
35
21
2008
16
10
23
13
31
20
2009
15
20
12
28
18
2010
16
10
18
12
28
22
2011
14
20
11
32
19
1997
10
13
1999
12
2001
10
12
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Repblica
2002
13
10
32
20
Dominicana
2004
23
18
14
35
32
2005
19
13
10
38
29
2006
16
10
33
24
2007
16
11
32
26
2008
17
12
29
27
2009
17
12
31
26
2010
16
10
32
25
2001
16
31
25
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1990
11
29
15
Per
Uruguay
Venezuela
(Repblica
1994
13
10
30
17
Bolivariana de)
1997
16
13
11
31
20
d/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarr
ro 9.1
ACTIVIDAD Y CATEGORA OCUPACIONAL, ZONAS URBANAS 1990 - 2011
Pobreza
Ocupados
Total
Asalariados
Trabajadores por
cuenta propia y
familiares no
remunerados a/
Total ocupados
17
12
13
14
10
18
Desocupados
Inactivos
10
46
23
32
17
32
17
14
12
13
35
21
39
35
25
31
62
41
30
25
19
23
51
34
25
22
16
20
46
30
20
16
13
15
39
25
22
11
18
14
48
42
40
40
71
56
46
43
45
42
71
51
47
38
51
43
67
51
43
34
48
40
52
45
46
37
52
43
55
49
47
40
54
45
61
48
37
26
50
35
43
40
28
18
33
24
45
34
36
32
37
31
59
41
34
30
36
31
56
36
25
21
26
22
46
28
27
23
29
24
47
28
28
23
29
24
49
31
28
23
30
24
49
31
29
24
32
25
53
32
28
23
32
24
51
31
27
22
31
23
49
29
24
19
27
20
46
27
22
16
24
17
43
25
18
13
20
14
38
22
17
12
19
13
38
21
14
15
10
36
19
33
28
24
27
60
38
23
18
16
17
46
27
18
15
14
44
22
17
13
11
43
21
16
12
11
12
40
19
16
11
10
37
20
12
30
15
10
25
13
28
13
47
40
50
42
61
51
40
35
39
35
59
45
40
31
41
33
59
45
45
32
52
39
66
48
40
27
46
35
55
44
39
27
46
34
54
43
38
25
46
33
53
42
36
23
42
31
50
40
32
19
37
26
48
37
31
17
36
25
46
36
28
15
33
23
43
34
26
13
31
21
40
31
21
13
23
15
44
28
17
11
17
12
35
23
16
17
10
36
22
15
15
10
38
20
15
17
33
22
16
21
10
37
23
17
19
11
37
23
15
21
32
22
15
18
33
22
13
17
31
19
16
19
39
22
14
17
36
18
15
20
11
36
19
57
45
62
51
74
64
52
45
54
46
69
60
51
44
53
45
69
58
59
52
62
53
76
64
43
36
44
38
60
50
42
34
46
37
62
47
40
32
42
35
57
46
34
28
38
30
50
40
33
26
36
29
45
40
34
27
35
29
47
41
35
25
40
30
49
41
32
22
37
27
49
38
28
18
30
23
40
36
40
30
45
35
56
47
39
30
47
35
56
44
34
25
39
29
51
40
35
26
38
29
62
40
36
28
38
31
58
42
38
28
42
32
58
44
36
27
41
31
54
43
47
41
46
42
58
53
43
42
44
42
50
45
38
32
39
33
50
46
35
35
34
33
36
39
64
54
74
60
80
68
70
63
77
67
82
74
68
63
73
65
88
72
67
61
74
64
84
71
62
52
72
59
72
65
57
44
72
54
68
61
54
42
65
50
61
60
51
39
61
47
66
57
50
37
60
45
59
55
51
36
62
46
61
57
37
34
32
33
49
41
32
31
26
29
51
34
41
38
40
37
61
44
34
32
30
31
50
38
28
25
25
24
38
32
28
27
22
25
38
32
28
26
24
25
44
31
24
22
19
21
38
28
22
22
17
20
32
26
24
22
21
21
35
29
27
25
24
24
41
31
62
52
52
52
78
70
58
53
55
53
71
64
59
53
57
53
75
64
50
44
52
46
60
55
49
39
49
43
62
55
27
16
33
19
47
29
19
15
22
13
33
23
18
11
22
13
34
22
15
19
10
32
19
22
14
23
15
37
27
17
11
17
12
32
22
18
11
18
12
30
23
16
14
10
31
21
15
10
13
10
31
20
13
11
31
20
13
12
30
19
12
10
28
18
13
10
27
20
38
38
31
34
69
43
43
39
44
38
72
50
39
32
42
34
59
47
42
34
45
36
62
49
42
37
48
39
60
46
51
44
55
46
69
56
47
40
54
43
62
52
48
42
55
45
68
51
43
36
53
40
62
46
41
35
47
38
62
48
41
33
45
35
59
51
37
29
42
32
57
47
28
18
35
25
39
33
31
21
37
28
41
34
36
28
43
34
46
38
34
25
44
33
43
34
21
15
28
20
29
23
20
14
26
18
30
22
18
11
23
16
27
20
16
10
22
15
24
18
15
20
13
23
20
37
27
34
28
59
47
48
46
28
38
66
59
41
37
22
30
61
53
38
35
20
28
61
48
39
36
20
29
56
51
38
35
19
27
52
50
35
30
19
25
58
46
35
31
17
24
58
48
37
32
19
26
60
49
13
11
15
11
29
14
20
18
16
11
16
10
23
10
16
12
22
14
32
15
14
10
20
13
31
13
13
10
19
12
29
13
10
15
23
12
19
10
16
15
33
23
23
22
61
43
41
34
32
32
67
49
42
40
27
34
62
49
para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 9.2
INCIDENCIA DE LA INDIGENCIA Y LA POBREZA SEGN CONDICIN DE ACTIVIDAD Y CATEGORA OCUPACIONAL

Indigencia
Ocupados
Pas
Ao
Total
Asalariados
Trabajadores por
cuenta propia y
familiares no
remunerados a/
Total
ocupados
Desocupados
Inactivos
Bolivia
1997
58
17
67
60
55
45
(Estado
1999
62
12
69
62
41
57
Plurinacional de)
2002
59
19
67
60
54
53
2004
54
33
61
54
34
54
2007
55
24
65
57
56
44
2009
38
47
39
35
33
1990
38
32
42
37
45
41
1993
31
29
33
31
44
28
1996
23
16
28
23
30
22
1999
21
15
25
21
28
19
2001
21
15
26
21
32
20
2002
20
14
25
20
30
18
2003
21
15
25
21
31
20
2004
18
12
22
18
26
17
2005
17
10
22
17
26
15
2006
15
20
15
22
15
2007
14
19
14
21
13
2008
12
17
12
20
12
2009
12
16
11
23
12
2011
12
16
11
21
12
1990
12
31
14
1994
26
1996
24
1998
26
2000
19
2003
20
2006
11
2009
17
2011
12
1991
30
16
43
28
38
32
1994
38
34
37
35
52
41
1997
29
12
38
24
46
34
1999
30
13
38
26
42
35
2002
29
11
37
25
33
33
2003
24
10
32
22
32
26
2004
25
32
22
33
28
2005
23
29
20
33
27
Brasil
Chile
Colombia b/
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
2008
28
11
33
23
37
35
2009
24
29
20
34
30
2010
22
27
18
28
27
2011
18
21
15
26
24
1990
10
11
24
15
1994
24
12
1997
26
12
1999
23
12
2002
10
14
27
14
2004
13
25
14
2005
11
20
11
2006
11
21
14
2007
15
10
2008
24
2009
26
11
2010
12
25
11
2011
10
25
11
2004
26
15
32
24
40
27
2005
25
13
29
22
35
30
2006
19
10
23
17
29
23
2007
19
10
24
18
35
23
2008
22
11
28
19
35
26
2009
20
26
18
36
22
2010
18
23
16
23
20
2011
18
21
15
27
22
1995
25
11
31
21
38
30
1997
28
13
37
24
33
33
1999
30
13
39
25
40
34
2001
29
14
36
24
42
33
2004
23
11
30
18
39
26
2009
22
29
18
33
26
2010
20
25
17
33
24
1989
44
38
42
40
40
50
1998
37
35
35
34
49
41
2002
29
27
29
26
30
33
2006
36
25
39
32
23
43
1990
67
52
72
65
70
71
1994
54
39
58
50
53
59
1997
59
47
61
55
73
64
1999
63
51
66
60
70
68
2002
65
55
68
63
58
67
2003
65
55
68
63
55
68
2006
61
48
67
60
44
63
2007
57
45
62
55
59
60
2009
51
44
54
50
36
53
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
2010
53
42
56
51
46
56
1989
23
23
21
22
26
25
1994
22
21
20
20
33
24
1996
27
24
29
26
33
28
1998
25
22
28
24
38
26
2000
23
19
24
20
19
26
2002
18
15
19
16
13
21
2004
16
11
22
15
20
18
2005
18
14
20
16
26
20
2006
13
10
16
12
25
14
2008
16
10
21
14
24
19
2010
17
11
23
15
23
19
1993
58
41
57
50
61
67
1998
53
30
63
46
62
62
2001
50
32
57
45
58
58
2005
41
28
46
38
48
47
2009
37
17
42
33
45
42
2002
29
41
27
26
31
2004
26
40
26
22
27
2005
22
32
21
19
24
2006
23
35
22
22
24
2007
19
26
17
17
22
2008
22
34
21
25
24
2009
17
23
15
16
21
2010
21
31
19
19
23
2011
21
29
18
24
25
1999
41
21
46
38
54
47
2001
40
23
46
38
37
45
2004
35
18
40
33
41
40
2005
30
12
36
29
39
34
2007
36
15
47
36
38
35
2008
37
17
44
35
40
41
2009
41
18
50
40
43
47
2010
42
17
50
39
57
47
2011
37
14
46
34
44
44
1997
46
23
52
45
57
48
1999
41
16
49
41
41
43
2001
45
22
53
45
44
45
2003
39
16
46
40
35
35
2007
28
12
35
28
31
26
2008
25
10
31
26
25
24
2009
24
10
29
24
29
25
2010
20
25
20
17
21
2011
18
21
17
23
22
Repblica
2002
24
11
17
15
38
35
Dominicana
2004
30
24
18
21
44
40
2005
25
16
14
14
39
36
2006
25
15
16
15
40
35
2007
21
14
10
12
28
32
2008
25
20
12
15
39
36
2009
21
15
11
27
30
2010
23
17
12
13
44
33
2011
21
15
11
36
32
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Venezuela
1990
16
12
12
11
36
21
(Repblica
1994
21
22
16
18
33
24
Bolivariana de)
1997
25
27
14
21
39
29
Uruguay
ro 9.2
ACTIVIDAD Y CATEGORA OCUPACIONAL, ZONAS RURALES 1990 - 2011
Pobreza
Ocupados
Total
Asalariados
Trabajadores por
cuenta propia y
familiares no
remunerados a/
Total
ocupados
Desocupados
Inactivos
76
41
84
77
83
65
78
36
84
78
77
76
76
40
83
77
76
72
76
58
81
76
72
80
72
50
79
73
78
65
56
26
65
57
56
54
65
59
68
62
74
68
55
56
56
55
68
52
47
42
51
47
54
46
46
43
50
47
56
45
46
43
50
46
62
46
47
43
50
47
59
46
46
43
49
46
62
46
46
40
50
45
60
45
45
39
50
45
58
43
42
36
46
41
57
42
38
31
42
37
50
37
33
26
38
33
47
34
32
25
36
31
50
32
29
20
34
28
44
29
32
29
22
26
56
37
26
21
21
21
50
30
25
22
19
20
45
29
23
16
17
16
51
27
20
16
17
16
41
22
17
11
12
11
41
21
10
25
13
30
12
23
10
55
42
67
53
66
59
58
53
60
55
69
63
54
38
61
49
70
61
56
38
63
50
70
63
56
34
67
52
62
61
51
32
61
48
59
55
52
31
62
49
61
57
51
30
58
46
62
57
51
29
58
45
61
59
48
25
55
42
59
56
45
20
53
40
54
52
40
18
46
35
51
49
22
14
23
17
41
29
21
13
20
14
40
28
21
13
20
14
44
29
18
12
16
12
39
25
21
31
14
41
28
21
29
13
41
29
20
26
13
35
28
18
25
11
35
27
17
22
10
35
25
15
21
39
21
17
20
37
24
18
24
12
38
24
17
22
11
36
22
52
41
59
51
66
55
49
36
53
45
63
56
43
30
49
40
56
49
44
33
49
41
59
51
44
31
51
40
63
51
41
26
48
38
56
46
38
24
43
34
48
44
36
22
40
32
47
43
58
45
61
52
67
64
63
48
69
57
73
70
60
45
66
54
74
66
57
43
62
52
71
62
51
39
57
46
69
56
53
38
58
47
70
59
51
37
55
45
65
57
72
70
69
69
63
77
63
65
61
62
71
66
59
59
63
58
77
61
61
52
62
57
53
68
85
76
87
83
93
88
76
66
76
72
78
81
80
75
82
78
87
83
83
78
84
81
90
88
83
76
85
81
81
85
82
74
85
80
68
84
78
68
83
77
68
80
75
64
79
73
78
78
71
65
73
70
60
73
73
64
76
71
65
76
50
51
47
48
53
53
50
51
44
47
56
54
57
55
57
55
65
59
52
49
53
50
64
54
48
47
47
45
58
52
45
41
47
43
40
48
39
33
40
35
57
43
42
38
40
38
57
46
35
31
37
33
45
38
39
31
43
35
46
45
37
30
42
34
47
42
80
67
79
74
78
87
74
60
78
69
79
80
73
59
78
69
80
78
67
56
70
63
62
73
61
44
65
57
71
67
48
25
60
45
46
51
45
22
61
43
41
49
40
19
52
38
38
44
40
21
53
39
42
43
39
23
50
37
35
42
38
20
51
36
39
41
36
20
47
34
35
41
36
17
50
34
34
40
36
16
47
32
41
42
63
43
68
60
74
70
64
47
69
62
70
69
63
44
68
61
72
68
55
38
60
53
74
60
62
41
71
61
72
63
60
41
67
58
65
65
61
42
69
60
64
67
62
40
69
59
71
67
54
34
62
51
58
60
67
47
73
66
78
68
67
46
73
66
71
68
73
54
80
74
69
73
70
49
77
71
67
65
59
40
67
59
59
56
54
35
62
54
48
53
55
37
62
55
59
55
49
30
56
49
46
49
51
27
58
50
58
55
50
35
43
40
59
62
54
50
42
45
69
65
47
41
33
35
64
59
45
37
34
35
67
56
42
38
29
32
48
54
44
42
28
33
61
56
40
38
22
28
53
51
40
36
26
29
59
53
40
36
24
28
56
54
24
13
18
10
13
16
14
38
33
30
30
59
46
46
46
41
42
62
51
50
53
37
44
63
57
ales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
n para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 10
INCIDENCIA DE LA POBREZA Y LA INDIGENCIA SEGN SEXO DEL JEFE DEL HOGAR, TOTAL NACIONAL 1990 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Indigentes
Ao
Pobres
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
Total
Hombres
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
37.2
36.4
37.1
34.7
31.2
22.4
37.5
36.8
38.4
35.1
32.8
23.8
34.8
34.5
29.6
32.9
25.0
17.1
62.1
60.6
62.4
63.9
54.0
42.4
62.0
61.1
64.1
64.7
55.5
43.7
Brasil
1990
1993
23.4
20.2
23.4
20.6
23.7
17.9
48.0
45.3
47.4
45.4
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
13.9
12.9
13.2
12.6
14.0
12.2
10.7
9.0
8.6
7.3
7.0
6.1
14.5
13.5
13.6
12.9
14.3
12.4
11.0
9.2
8.5
7.1
6.9
5.6
11.1
10.3
11.8
11.4
12.7
11.5
9.7
8.6
8.8
7.7
7.3
6.9
35.8
37.5
37.5
37.8
38.7
37.8
36.4
33.4
30.2
25.8
24.9
20.9
36.4
38.0
37.9
38.2
39.1
38.0
37.1
33.5
30.1
25.6
24.7
20.2
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
13.0
7.6
5.7
5.6
5.6
4.7
3.2
3.6
3.1
12.6
7.2
5.5
5.4
5.2
4.2
2.5
2.8
2.3
15.2
9.5
6.7
6.7
7.0
6.4
5.2
5.5
4.7
38.6
27.6
23.2
21.7
20.2
18.7
13.7
11.5
11.0
38.3
27.2
22.8
21.2
19.6
17.9
12.3
9.7
8.6
Colombia b/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
26.1
28.5
23.5
26.8
17.8
15.7
14.9
13.9
16.5
14.5
12.3
10.6
25.8
28.7
22.9
26.6
18.1
15.5
14.8
13.9
15.9
13.9
11.6
9.9
27.1
27.9
26.0
27.4
16.7
16.2
15.4
14.0
18.0
15.9
14.0
12.3
56.1
52.5
50.9
54.9
49.7
48.0
47.7
45.2
42.2
40.4
37.3
34.2
55.8
52.3
50.0
55.1
50.1
47.8
47.6
45.2
41.6
39.6
36.4
33.2
Costa Rica
1990
10.1
9.1
15.2
26.3
25.3
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.0
7.8
7.8
8.2
8.0
7.0
7.2
5.3
5.5
6.9
6.8
7.3
6.8
6.5
6.1
6.9
6.7
5.4
5.9
4.3
4.3
5.7
6.2
6.9
13.5
13.2
14.1
12.5
11.8
11.8
11.3
8.0
8.9
10.1
8.1
8.2
23.1
22.5
20.3
20.3
20.5
21.1
19.0
18.6
16.4
18.9
18.5
18.8
21.6
20.5
17.6
18.6
18.9
19.0
16.7
17.1
14.8
17.2
17.7
17.9
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
22.3
21.2
16.1
16.0
18.0
18.1
16.4
13.9
21.9
21.0
15.8
16.0
17.6
18.1
16.4
13.6
24.4
22.0
17.3
15.6
19.9
18.1
16.7
14.7
51.2
48.3
43.0
42.6
42.7
42.2
39.1
35.4
50.7
48.5
42.6
42.2
42.6
42.2
38.8
35.4
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
21.7
23.3
21.9
22.1
19.0
17.3
16.7
22.0
23.6
23.2
23.2
20.2
18.1
17.4
20.9
22.3
18.3
19.5
16.2
15.7
15.5
54.2
55.5
49.8
48.9
47.5
47.9
46.6
54.1
55.3
49.6
48.9
48.0
47.7
46.8
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
42.0
31.6
30.9
29.1
42.2
31.4
30.3
30.5
40.3
32.6
33.9
22.7
69.4
61.1
60.2
54.8
69.7
61.2
60.0
55.8
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
60.9
53.9
54.4
56.8
54.4
53.9
49.3
45.6
41.8
42.8
60.2
53.9
54.5
57.9
56.5
56.8
51.9
48.7
44.6
45.3
64.0
53.9
53.8
52.7
47.4
44.0
41.8
36.8
34.6
37.0
80.8
77.9
79.1
79.7
77.3
74.8
71.5
68.9
65.7
67.4
80.2
77.3
79.0
80.2
78.5
76.9
72.4
70.6
67.2
68.1
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
18.7
16.8
22.0
18.5
15.2
12.6
11.7
11.7
18.9
17.5
22.5
19.0
15.6
12.5
12.0
11.8
17.2
11.6
18.1
15.1
12.7
13.2
10.5
11.1
47.7
45.1
52.9
46.9
41.1
39.4
37.0
35.5
48.4
45.7
53.7
47.6
42.0
39.8
36.7
35.9
2006
2008
2010
8.7
11.2
13.3
8.7
11.5
13.7
8.8
10.4
11.4
31.7
34.8
36.3
32.1
35.0
37.0
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
48.4
44.6
42.5
31.9
29.5
49.3
45.0
43.4
33.7
31.4
45.8
43.5
40.3
27.9
25.6
73.6
69.9
69.4
61.9
58.3
74.1
69.0
69.5
63.4
59.4
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
18.6
15.9
14.1
14.3
12.0
13.5
11.1
12.6
12.4
18.7
15.3
13.2
13.8
11.6
12.8
10.5
12.2
11.7
18.2
17.6
17.0
16.1
13.2
15.3
12.8
13.9
14.2
36.9
32.9
31.0
29.9
29.0
27.7
26.4
25.8
25.3
36.7
32.2
30.2
29.4
28.3
27.0
26.1
25.0
24.5
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
31.8
31.3
32.7
27.6
31.4
30.1
30.4
30.7
28.0
33.1
32.5
31.3
27.2
30.4
29.8
30.3
30.5
27.8
26.8
27.1
37.4
29.0
34.4
30.8
30.5
31.2
28.4
59.0
59.7
62.6
56.9
60.0
56.9
56.0
54.8
49.6
59.9
59.8
61.8
56.1
58.4
56.5
54.6
53.0
48.9
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
25.0
22.4
24.4
21.4
13.8
12.6
11.5
9.8
6.3
25.7
23.8
25.6
22.7
14.4
13.5
12.2
10.5
6.8
21.0
15.3
18.3
14.6
10.7
8.4
8.6
6.8
4.4
47.5
48.6
54.7
52.5
39.3
36.2
34.8
31.3
27.8
48.1
49.3
55.5
53.9
40.6
37.4
35.8
32.5
28.9
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
20.7
29.0
24.6
22.0
21.0
22.6
21.0
20.9
20.3
18.5
26.8
21.4
19.1
17.1
19.2
17.1
17.2
15.6
26.4
35.3
32.8
29.3
31.1
31.1
30.0
29.3
30.6
47.1
54.4
47.5
44.5
44.5
44.3
41.1
41.4
42.2
44.1
51.8
44.5
40.9
40.4
40.7
36.4
36.3
37.3
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
2010
3.0
3.4
1.9
1.4
2.7
2.6
1.6
1.1
3.9
5.4
2.7
2.0
17.7
13.7
10.4
8.4
16.7
11.9
9.3
7.3
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
2011
1.1
0.7
1.8
6.5
4.9
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
14.4
19.2
20.5
21.7
22.2
19.0
15.9
9.9
8.5
9.9
9.8
10.7
11.7
12.1
17.9
20.1
20.4
20.7
17.3
14.1
8.5
7.1
8.6
8.5
9.2
10.3
24.1
23.7
21.7
25.5
25.9
22.9
19.9
13.0
11.4
12.4
12.3
13.7
14.2
39.8
48.7
48.0
49.4
48.6
45.4
37.1
30.2
28.5
27.6
27.1
27.8
29.5
37.0
46.9
46.4
47.9
47.0
43.3
35.1
28.3
27.1
25.9
25.8
26.2
27.9
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas
de hogares de los respectivos pases.
b/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos
desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de
la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
NACIONAL 1990 - 2011
Pobres
Mujeres
62.9
57.8
52.5
60.6
48.6
36.9
51.4
44.4
33.2
35.0
36.0
36.4
37.6
37.1
34.3
33.2
30.2
26.2
25.2
22.4
40.2
29.7
24.8
23.8
22.7
21.5
17.7
16.0
15.3
57.3
53.1
54.2
54.2
48.7
48.7
47.9
45.3
43.8
42.4
39.7
36.6
31.3
30.4
31.0
30.7
25.9
25.6
27.5
26.0
22.7
20.8
23.2
20.3
20.8
53.4
47.4
44.5
44.2
43.1
42.4
40.3
35.4
54.6
56.1
50.3
49.0
46.3
48.4
46.3
67.1
60.7
60.8
50.3
83.5
80.6
79.4
78.1
73.3
67.8
69.0
64.0
61.9
65.6
41.5
39.7
47.3
42.9
35.4
37.5
38.1
34.1
30.4
33.8
33.5
72.1
72.6
69.2
58.4
56.1
37.8
35.1
33.8
31.4
30.5
29.6
27.2
27.9
27.2
55.5
59.3
65.4
59.3
64.6
58.3
59.2
59.9
51.3
44.0
45.0
51.0
45.7
33.4
30.9
30.3
26.4
23.8
54.9
61.4
55.1
53.7
55.1
53.4
51.8
53.1
52.8
20.5
18.0
12.9
10.7
9.4
51.6
55.1
53.3
53.8
52.7
50.5
41.6
34.3
31.5
31.0
29.6
30.9
32.3
les de encuestas
n de nuevos criterios metodolgicos
nal de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de
Cuadro 10.1
INCIDENCIA DE LA POBREZA Y LA INDIGENCIA SEGN SEXO DEL JEFE DEL HOGAR, ZONAS URBANAS 1990 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Indigentes
Ao
Pobres
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
Total
Hombres
Argentina a/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
5.2
3.4
4.8
6.6
20.9
14.9
11.9
9.6
3.8
2.8
1.9
4.9
3.1
4.2
5.9
20.4
12.9
10.2
7.7
3.0
2.1
1.5
7.2
5.0
7.1
9.5
22.8
21.2
17.1
14.9
5.6
4.3
2.9
21.2
16.1
17.8
23.7
45.4
34.9
30.6
24.8
11.3
8.6
5.7
21.6
15.9
16.8
22.6
45.0
32.8
28.8
22.6
9.5
7.0
4.3
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 b/
1994 b/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
23.0
19.8
22.6
19.8
21.3
20.2
16.2
11.9
22.2
19.6
21.8
19.3
21.2
20.0
15.7
11.4
28.2
21.3
27.0
22.0
21.5
21.0
18.2
13.4
52.6
51.6
52.3
48.7
52.0
53.8
42.4
32.6
51.6
51.7
51.1
48.7
53.3
54.4
41.8
32.5
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
16.7
15.0
9.6
9.3
10.4
10.0
11.5
9.8
8.3
6.7
6.7
5.5
5.5
4.5
15.8
14.6
9.5
9.3
10.1
9.6
11.3
9.3
7.9
6.2
6.0
4.7
4.7
3.6
21.3
16.7
10.1
9.3
11.2
11.0
12.0
11.0
9.2
8.0
8.3
7.1
6.9
6.0
41.2
40.3
30.6
32.9
34.1
34.4
35.8
34.4
32.9
30.0
27.0
22.8
22.1
18.2
39.9
39.7
30.4
32.6
33.8
33.9
35.4
33.7
32.7
29.1
25.9
21.6
20.9
16.6
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
12.5
7.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.4
3.2
3.5
3.0
11.9
6.7
4.8
4.8
4.7
3.9
2.4
2.6
2.1
15.2
9.0
6.6
6.5
6.7
6.3
5.2
5.4
4.6
38.5
27.0
22.0
20.7
19.7
18.5
13.9
11.7
11.3
38.1
26.5
21.3
20.0
18.9
17.6
12.4
9.7
8.8
Colombia c/
1991
20.0
19.4
22.0
52.7
52.2
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
18.6
17.2
21.9
12.4
11.2
10.1
9.2
11.2
9.8
8.2
7.1
18.6
16.0
21.2
11.9
10.6
9.3
8.6
9.8
8.6
6.9
5.9
18.7
20.8
24.0
13.9
12.8
12.1
10.8
14.3
12.5
11.0
9.3
45.4
45.0
50.6
45.7
45.1
44.0
41.4
37.3
35.9
33.2
30.5
45.1
43.1
50.3
45.3
44.5
43.3
40.9
35.9
34.4
31.4
28.8
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.9
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.4
4.2
4.3
5.4
4.8
6.0
6.0
4.7
3.8
3.5
4.2
4.3
3.7
3.8
3.2
2.9
3.9
4.0
5.3
10.9
9.4
11.1
11.0
9.5
9.7
10.5
9.6
6.4
7.7
8.6
6.4
7.2
24.9
20.7
19.3
18.1
17.5
18.7
20.0
18.0
17.8
15.6
18.5
17.0
18.3
23.4
18.7
15.8
14.5
15.3
16.9
17.4
15.7
16.0
14.1
16.7
16.3
17.3
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
26.2
25.5
22.2
31.3
19.4
18.2
17.1
12.8
12.4
14.2
15.5
14.2
10.1
25.2
25.0
21.3
30.7
18.3
17.0
16.5
12.2
12.1
13.4
15.0
13.8
9.5
31.9
28.6
26.4
34.5
24.1
22.6
19.8
15.3
13.4
17.2
16.9
15.6
11.8
62.1
57.9
56.2
63.5
49.0
47.5
45.2
39.9
38.8
39.0
40.2
37.1
32.4
61.3
57.4
54.9
62.6
47.8
46.1
45.1
39.0
37.9
38.4
39.7
35.9
32.2
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
14.9
14.8
13.0
14.3
13.8
12.8
12.7
13.8
14.0
12.5
14.1
13.7
12.1
11.9
17.9
17.1
14.2
14.5
14.0
14.0
14.2
45.8
44.4
38.7
39.4
41.2
42.3
41.1
44.1
42.5
36.4
37.0
39.6
39.9
39.4
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
26.4
16.0
18.1
14.8
26.4
15.1
16.0
14.9
26.5
19.1
25.8
14.5
53.6
49.1
45.3
42.0
53.3
49.3
43.4
42.1
Honduras
1990
43.6
39.4
56.3
70.4
68.2
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
46.0
42.1
42.9
36.5
35.1
30.0
26.2
24.5
26.0
44.7
41.1
42.2
36.3
35.4
28.9
26.4
24.1
25.4
50.4
44.8
44.7
37.0
34.4
32.3
25.6
25.2
27.0
74.5
72.6
71.7
66.7
62.7
59.4
56.9
54.5
56.3
73.0
71.6
70.9
66.4
63.1
57.5
56.7
53.9
53.9
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
13.1
9.0
14.3
9.7
6.6
6.9
7.0
5.8
4.4
6.4
8.5
12.8
9.4
14.1
9.6
6.7
6.4
6.8
5.6
4.3
5.9
8.3
14.5
6.8
15.6
10.4
6.1
9.2
7.4
6.4
4.6
8.3
9.2
42.1
36.8
46.1
38.9
32.3
32.2
32.6
28.5
26.8
29.2
32.3
42.3
36.9
46.5
39.4
33.0
31.4
31.9
28.4
26.7
28.6
32.6
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
36.8
33.9
33.5
20.8
20.9
34.1
32.3
33.3
20.1
20.8
41.8
37.0
33.8
21.8
21.1
66.3
64.0
63.9
54.4
52.9
63.7
61.2
62.8
54.5
52.4
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
10.8
7.3
7.7
5.5
9.0
6.7
6.4
5.7
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.7
9.1
5.8
5.8
3.4
7.2
4.9
4.1
4.3
3.4
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.1
15.5
11.6
12.9
11.3
13.7
11.4
12.4
9.4
8.1
8.4
7.2
8.3
8.2
31.0
23.8
23.4
19.5
26.2
21.6
21.7
19.5
18.7
17.0
16.3
15.1
15.5
27.7
22.4
20.4
16.5
23.9
19.1
19.0
17.5
16.1
14.7
14.7
12.6
13.3
Paraguay
1990 d/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
13.1
18.8
16.3
17.1
18.3
25.4
21.5
23.5
20.9
19.0
19.4
18.2
12.8
18.7
16.2
16.9
17.4
22.9
20.9
20.9
19.0
17.6
18.6
17.1
14.6
19.1
16.9
17.6
20.8
32.1
23.2
30.0
25.4
21.5
21.4
20.7
43.2
49.9
46.3
49.1
50.1
57.7
53.4
54.4
50.3
48.2
46.5
42.9
42.2
48.3
46.6
49.7
49.7
56.0
52.7
51.8
48.9
45.9
44.1
41.9
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
9.7
9.3
9.9
8.6
3.5
3.4
2.8
2.5
1.4
9.4
9.5
9.9
8.8
3.2
3.4
2.7
2.5
1.3
11.2
8.3
9.8
7.9
4.4
3.5
3.3
2.6
1.7
33.6
36.1
42.0
40.0
25.7
23.5
21.1
19.1
18.0
33.2
35.9
41.8
40.2
25.9
23.4
21.0
19.2
17.9
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
16.5
25.9
22.3
18.5
19.0
19.5
19.4
18.1
18.2
12.9
22.8
18.5
14.7
14.2
16.0
15.4
14.1
12.8
24.2
33.4
30.3
26.7
29.8
27.3
28.0
26.4
28.0
42.4
51.8
45.4
41.8
43.0
42.0
39.3
39.6
40.8
37.9
48.4
41.6
37.2
37.8
38.3
34.6
33.4
35.0
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.4
1.9
1.7
1.8
2.5
4.7
4.1
3.1
3.5
2.0
1.4
1.1
3.1
1.9
1.5
1.7
2.3
4.7
3.8
2.7
2.7
1.6
1.1
0.7
5.0
1.8
2.2
2.1
2.9
4.7
4.8
3.9
5.3
2.8
2.0
1.8
17.9
9.7
9.5
9.4
15.4
20.9
18.8
18.1
14.0
10.7
8.6
6.7
17.6
9.5
9.5
9.3
15.4
21.0
18.1
17.0
12.2
9.6
7.5
5.0
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
13.1
17.1
19.7
10.6
15.2
19.1
22.8
23.3
21.5
38.6
47.1
47.3
35.5
44.6
45.4
a/ Total urbano, a excepcin de 1990 y 1997 que corresponden a Gran Buenos Aires.
b/ Ocho ciudades capitales de departamento y El Alto.
c/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos
d/ Area metropolitana de Asuncin.
URBANAS 1990 - 2011
Pobres
Mujeres
18.2
17.6
22.1
28.0
46.7
41.4
36.0
31.3
15.7
12.4
9.0
59.0
51.0
58.8
48.9
46.4
51.7
44.3
32.8
48.5
43.0
31.5
34.0
35.3
36.0
36.9
36.6
33.5
32.6
29.5
25.2
24.5
21.1
40.6
29.4
24.6
23.6
22.6
21.5
18.0
16.1
15.6
54.4
46.4
50.8
51.5
46.7
46.6
45.6
42.7
40.5
39.4
36.9
33.9
31.3
28.2
30.4
28.9
23.7
23.5
26.6
24.1
22.1
19.3
22.5
18.5
20.1
67.3
60.7
62.8
68.1
54.6
53.0
45.7
43.3
42.1
40.8
41.7
40.4
33.0
50.3
49.5
44.2
44.5
44.6
46.5
44.1
54.8
48.2
52.2
41.7
77.1
79.8
75.4
73.6
67.5
61.7
63.4
57.5
55.8
60.6
40.3
36.1
43.9
36.5
28.8
35.6
35.2
28.8
27.5
31.3
31.4
70.9
69.5
66.1
54.1
53.8
40.3
28.0
31.9
27.6
32.7
28.1
29.0
24.7
23.9
22.0
19.8
20.5
20.0
48.3
56.1
45.3
47.0
51.3
62.2
55.3
61.1
53.6
52.5
52.4
45.1
35.3
36.6
43.0
39.2
25.0
23.8
21.6
18.9
18.2
52.2
59.7
53.4
52.0
54.7
50.3
49.5
52.5
51.4
18.9
10.7
9.5
9.7
15.7
20.6
20.6
20.6
18.1
13.0
10.8
9.5
50.8
55.6
53.1
iales de encuestas
n de nuevos criterios metodolgicos
onal de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de
Cuadro 10.2
INCIDENCIA DE LA POBREZA Y LA INDIGENCIA SEGN SEXO DEL JEFE DEL HOGAR, ZONAS RURALES 1990 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Indigentes
Ao
Pobres
Total
hombres
mujeres
Total
hombres
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
61.5
64.6
62.9
58.8
59.0
43.0
62.0
64.5
63.5
58.5
62.4
45.4
56.8
65.4
56.2
60.2
42.5
28.5
78.5
80.7
79.2
80.6
75.8
61.5
78.9
80.9
79.9
80.6
79.1
63.6
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
46.1
38.8
30.2
27.1
28.0
26.4
27.5
24.1
22.2
20.5
18.1
16.5
15.2
14.9
46.7
39.8
31.5
28.2
29.3
27.7
28.4
25.0
23.0
21.3
18.8
16.9
15.8
14.6
39.8
27.4
18.6
17.6
17.7
15.4
20.9
16.7
15.5
14.8
13.7
14.2
12.3
16.2
70.6
63.0
55.6
55.3
55.2
55.7
54.6
54.1
53.3
50.1
45.7
41.2
39.3
36.1
70.6
63.7
56.8
56.7
56.7
57.5
55.9
55.6
54.7
51.6
47.3
42.1
40.6
36.4
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
15.6
9.9
9.4
8.6
8.4
6.2
3.5
4.4
3.8
15.6
9.3
9.7
8.6
8.2
6.0
3.1
3.9
3.5
15.7
13.5
7.6
8.6
10.0
7.4
5.3
6.3
4.9
38.8
31.1
30.4
27.5
23.7
20.0
12.3
10.4
8.7
39.0
31.0
30.8
27.8
23.8
19.7
11.7
9.3
7.6
Colombia a/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
34.3
42.5
33.4
34.6
33.0
28.8
29.1
28.0
33.0
29.1
25.5
22.2
33.8
41.9
32.5
34.2
33.5
28.1
28.5
27.5
31.6
27.9
24.3
20.5
37.1
45.4
38.3
36.6
30.2
32.0
32.5
30.4
40.4
35.3
31.4
29.4
60.7
62.3
60.1
61.8
61.2
56.6
58.5
56.6
57.2
54.4
50.5
46.2
60.4
61.7
59.7
61.8
61.8
56.3
58.3
56.2
56.1
53.2
49.4
44.8
Costa Rica
1990
1994
12.5
9.7
11.4
8.3
20.5
18.5
27.3
25.0
26.8
23.7
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
9.6
9.8
12.0
11.0
9.0
9.8
6.8
7.3
9.1
9.9
9.5
8.5
8.1
10.5
9.8
7.6
8.5
5.7
6.2
7.9
9.3
9.2
15.9
18.1
18.6
16.4
14.6
14.5
11.1
11.2
12.9
12.1
10.5
24.8
22.3
24.3
23.1
22.7
20.4
19.6
17.5
19.5
20.8
19.6
23.6
20.1
22.9
21.6
21.1
18.0
18.5
15.7
17.9
19.6
18.6
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
30.5
29.2
22.5
23.0
25.6
23.3
20.8
21.3
30.8
29.3
22.5
23.1
25.2
23.6
20.9
20.9
29.2
28.6
22.6
22.2
27.7
21.7
20.3
23.6
58.5
54.5
49.0
50.0
50.2
46.3
43.1
41.4
59.2
54.8
49.2
49.9
50.2
46.6
43.7
41.1
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
29.9
33.6
34.3
33.3
26.6
25.2
23.5
31.0
34.6
36.6
34.9
28.6
27.4
25.5
25.7
30.4
25.8
28.5
20.6
19.5
18.1
64.4
69.2
65.1
62.4
56.8
57.6
55.8
65.1
70.0
66.2
64.1
59.2
59.6
57.7
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
50.2
41.8
37.6
42.2
49.8
41.2
37.2
44.0
53.1
45.4
40.3
32.9
77.7
69.0
68.0
66.5
77.6
68.4
68.0
67.6
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
72.9
59.8
64.0
68.0
69.5
69.4
65.3
61.7
56.2
56.8
73.0
60.2
64.0
69.0
70.9
72.1
68.2
64.5
59.0
58.9
72.8
57.8
64.0
63.3
62.4
57.1
54.2
51.2
46.5
50.1
88.1
80.5
84.2
86.3
86.1
84.8
81.5
78.8
75.1
76.5
87.6
80.3
84.2
86.7
87.1
86.8
82.9
80.5
76.7
77.9
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
27.9
27.5
33.0
31.1
28.5
21.9
19.3
21.7
16.1
28.3
27.9
34.1
32.0
28.8
21.9
19.8
22.0
15.8
23.4
22.1
23.1
24.3
26.4
22.3
17.1
20.1
17.3
56.7
56.5
62.8
58.5
54.7
51.2
44.1
47.5
40.1
57.9
57.3
63.8
58.9
55.5
52.6
44.1
48.2
41.0
2008
2010
19.8
21.3
20.8
22.1
15.3
17.0
44.6
42.9
45.7
43.7
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
62.8
57.5
55.2
46.1
40.9
64.2
57.3
54.8
46.8
42.3
56.0
58.1
57.0
43.1
36.0
82.7
77.0
77.1
71.5
65.4
84.3
76.5
77.0
72.0
66.6
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
34.6
31.6
27.5
29.2
24.1
28.8
22.3
26.6
26.8
34.9
31.0
26.9
28.2
23.2
27.4
20.9
26.1
25.8
32.5
34.7
30.4
33.7
28.0
34.5
28.2
28.2
30.1
54.6
52.3
47.2
47.9
46.6
46.3
43.9
44.8
43.6
54.7
51.9
47.1
47.6
45.8
45.3
43.0
44.1
42.8
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
48.8
46.3
42.2
35.9
42.4
43.1
46.6
46.8
42.1
50.4
48.0
41.0
34.7
42.3
43.9
45.7
46.1
42.2
41.1
38.5
47.5
40.9
42.8
40.2
49.3
49.5
42.0
70.4
70.9
69.0
61.6
67.6
66.3
67.1
66.6
59.3
70.8
70.3
68.5
60.1
66.7
66.3
65.2
64.6
58.2
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
52.7
47.3
51.3
44.6
32.9
29.7
27.8
23.3
20.5
53.5
49.3
52.5
45.4
33.4
30.4
28.1
23.7
20.7
46.9
33.7
42.6
38.2
29.4
24.7
26.1
20.9
19.0
72.7
72.5
78.4
75.2
64.6
59.8
60.3
54.2
56.1
73.4
73.3
79.0
75.9
65.5
60.6
60.5
54.6
56.6
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
28.6
34.7
28.8
28.5
24.6
29.0
24.3
26.5
24.7
27.6
33.2
25.9
26.3
21.8
25.2
20.4
22.8
20.4
32.5
40.2
39.6
35.9
34.5
41.6
34.8
36.8
39.0
55.9
59.0
51.4
49.5
47.3
49.1
44.7
45.2
44.9
54.1
57.2
49.2
47.0
44.7
45.2
40.0
41.8
41.2
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.4
2.4
1.3
1.1
0.6
2.3
1.8
1.2
0.8
0.5
3.3
7.5
2.2
3.1
1.2
12.6
9.4
5.9
4.2
4.1
12.4
8.9
5.3
3.9
3.6
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
21.3
28.3
32.2
19.1
28.7
33.0
33.7
26.2
26.4
46.0
55.6
58.9
44.1
56.3
58.9
a/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos
S RURALES 1990 - 2011
Pobres
mujeres
74.3
79.5
72.3
80.9
59.8
49.6
70.5
54.6
45.4
43.1
42.6
41.2
44.9
42.6
43.0
39.9
36.8
36.7
32.6
35.0
37.3
31.8
27.2
25.4
23.1
21.2
14.9
14.7
12.3
63.0
65.8
62.2
61.5
58.3
58.4
59.5
58.7
62.9
60.0
55.4
52.3
31.3
32.9
31.8
33.1
30.3
30.0
29.2
29.9
23.7
23.7
24.5
24.6
22.6
54.5
52.5
47.8
50.5
49.8
44.7
39.9
42.8
61.7
66.4
61.4
57.3
49.7
52.5
51.1
78.5
72.6
67.5
60.9
90.6
81.4
84.0
83.9
81.5
75.9
76.3
72.4
69.6
72.1
44.3
47.5
54.1
55.5
49.3
41.8
44.2
44.3
36.3
39.3
38.7
75.1
79.6
77.3
69.0
61.4
54.2
54.3
47.6
49.0
49.9
50.4
47.8
47.3
46.3
68.6
73.5
71.5
67.5
71.2
66.3
73.1
73.9
62.3
66.9
66.9
73.9
69.0
58.4
54.1
58.7
51.4
52.9
62.8
65.7
59.8
58.0
56.2
61.6
57.4
54.6
57.5
14.9
13.7
10.5
6.4
7.0
57.2
52.2
59.3
eciales de encuestas
acin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos
cional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de
Cuadro 11
NDICE DE FEMINIDAD DE LA INDIGENCIA Y LA POBREZA, SEGN ZONAS GEOGRFICAS, 1990 - 2011
ndice de feminidad: a/
Pas
Argentina b/
de la indigencia (20 a 59 aos)
Ao
de la pobreza (20 a 59 aos)
Nacional
rea Urbana
rea Rural
Nacional
rea Urbana
rea Rural
1990
119.3
105.4
1994
112.2
110.5
1997
115.2
109.8
1999
118.1
112.0
2002
110.7
106.9
2004
118.0
110.7
2005
122.4
112.7
2006
127.2
116.8
2009
132.9
132.1
2010
135.4
132.5
2011
127.5
135.6
Bolivia
1989 c/
109.4
105.2
(Estado
1994 c/
110.3
108.4
1997
108.2
116.2
108.9
107.3
109.6
107.6
1999
107.7
113.8
105.6
105.2
106.8
104.0
2002
106.2
114.5
106.9
104.8
106.1
106.1
2004
107.6
111.8
109.7
105.9
107.4
106.2
2007
105.5
108.6
106.6
106.9
109.8
105.2
2009
107.5
114.5
100.8
110.8
113.3
105.8
1990
109.6
115.4
110.7
105.4
107.5
106.4
1993
102.8
107.3
104.5
103.3
104.8
104.6
1996
103.0
107.8
105.9
103.2
105.2
105.0
1999
101.7
105.0
107.0
102.9
104.6
105.2
2001
103.7
108.1
106.8
104.2
106.3
104.8
2002
103.8
109.3
105.0
104.1
106.2
104.9
2003
105.1
108.6
108.0
104.6
106.2
105.5
2004
105.7
111.2
106.1
104.8
107.0
105.1
2005
105.6
112.0
105.3
105.2
107.3
105.8
2006
106.2
114.6
105.7
105.8
108.8
104.9
2007
109.4
119.2
104.0
106.9
110.0
105.5
2008
112.5
124.3
106.4
108.5
112.2
106.9
2009
114.2
124.2
109.1
110.3
114.3
107.4
2011
118.7
131.2
110.5
112.2
116.8
107.8
1990
112.5
110.4
126.6
107.4
105.3
119.2
1994
117.8
118.6
118.5
110.5
109.5
117.4
1996
114.5
114.8
122.2
107.9
107.5
114.5
1998
109.0
110.8
109.7
109.4
109.2
114.7
2000
114.7
116.3
114.7
109.1
108.5
115.6
2003
120.3
120.3
125.8
115.0
114.1
122.1
2006
132.2
133.0
129.5
123.9
123.7
125.3
Plurinacional de)
Brasil
Chile
Colombia d/
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
2009
128.6
131.7
117.4
128.3
128.5
125.8
2011
152.1
157.5
131.3
145.4
146.6
132.6
1991
111.8
115.2
113.3
106.7
105.2
110.2
1994
104.1
105.8
107.0
104.1
104.5
105.7
1997
111.3
113.9
115.6
107.4
108.1
110.1
1999
109.0
109.9
113.3
105.0
103.5
109.8
2002
109.1
114.5
113.8
105.3
106.6
106.5
2003
112.9
120.2
114.2
107.1
107.8
108.6
2004
113.8
123.7
116.7
107.8
108.6
110.6
2005
114.2
122.5
119.9
108.3
108.3
113.7
2008
117.4
128.4
121.2
111.1
112.9
114.8
2009
117.7
126.7
123.3
110.9
111.9
116.4
2010
119.5
132.4
122.6
113.0
115.2
115.8
2011
122.0
130.7
127.8
114.6
115.5
119.8
1990
126.5
124.2
131.2
118.2
115.4
121.1
1994
135.9
150.6
132.3
121.8
122.5
122.7
1997
146.4
167.2
140.2
129.1
141.6
122.9
1999
141.1
168.4
132.6
128.2
134.6
125.1
2002
130.3
136.9
130.7
122.5
126.1
121.4
2004
135.7
140.0
136.5
126.2
127.4
126.4
2005
148.0
165.3
136.2
133.5
137.7
128.9
2006
150.9
169.9
140.5
138.8
136.9
142.3
2007
157.0
170.7
147.3
134.7
134.2
135.8
2008
151.8
157.3
151.4
130.4
122.6
142.9
2009
152.7
159.0
150.1
134.1
131.9
137.8
2010
122.4
131.3
118.4
119.0
120.2
118.4
2011
125.9
139.4
116.3
124.5
130.3
116.6
1990
108.1
104.0
1994
113.5
105.0
1997
116.1
105.9
1999
111.1
104.5
2002
116.0
108.8
2004
111.8
113.0
112.8
106.0
107.4
104.5
2005
115.7
117.9
115.8
108.1
107.0
111.3
2006
117.0
120.5
114.8
110.7
111.2
110.7
2007
111.2
112.9
112.5
109.3
109.2
111.0
2008
116.8
119.3
117.2
108.6
108.6
110.1
2009
115.4
118.1
114.7
111.1
111.0
112.5
2010
115.3
117.8
114.4
110.2
109.7
112.6
2011
120.2
126.6
118.3
112.5
110.9
117.3
1995
111.7
116.2
111.4
108.1
109.7
108.0
1997
109.4
111.9
111.1
109.9
111.9
110.4
1999
104.2
112.4
102.6
105.3
109.3
103.9
2001
104.2
110.7
103.4
106.4
111.4
104.0
2004
96.7
101.1
95.7
103.8
109.7
98.7
2009
100.8
106.9
98.9
104.8
107.3
103.4
Guatemala
Honduras
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
2010
99.8
105.8
98.5
104.4
107.8
102.8
1989
107.1
110.8
108.0
104.1
107.2
104.2
1998
107.4
116.1
107.2
103.1
105.4
102.7
2002
97.0
122.2
91.7
102.8
110.7
100.4
2006
101.4
105.7
100.6
101.9
102.8
101.7
1990
106.4
114.7
106.6
102.5
104.1
103.3
1994
106.7
111.9
104.9
104.2
105.1
103.9
1997
106.7
115.5
105.1
102.7
104.1
102.7
1999
104.8
112.3
104.2
100.6
103.0
100.4
2002
98.8
106.6
100.2
99.6
102.6
99.9
2003
98.8
106.3
100.3
99.4
101.6
100.6
2006
95.6
109.7
95.3
100.0
105.6
99.0
2007
98.4
109.4
97.6
101.2
105.5
100.0
2009
100.0
112.1
100.2
100.7
105.5
99.9
2010
98.4
115.5
97.7
101.0
108.1
99.3
1989
103.5
110.7
97.4
102.5
105.3
98.5
1994
108.4
114.9
107.5
103.3
104.2
103.4
1996
105.0
111.5
98.7
102.3
104.3
98.8
1998
106.9
111.7
103.5
104.3
104.1
104.0
2000
107.2
103.3
108.2
104.7
103.3
106.1
2002
111.7
114.4
108.3
107.3
111.1
102.1
2004
104.1
109.5
101.8
107.5
108.4
106.7
2005
106.8
108.9
103.5
104.1
106.3
100.3
2006
117.2
123.3
110.3
108.7
109.5
105.9
2008
108.2
112.3
104.9
107.1
109.3
103.9
2010
105.0
111.2
100.6
105.9
107.2
104.1
1993
104.2
107.9
104.5
101.7
104.1
100.8
1998
103.3
109.5
105.8
106.3
112.8
102.7
2001
104.6
110.4
105.2
103.1
106.3
101.9
2005
102.5
111.7
104.7
101.0
102.0
103.5
2009
102.3
112.1
100.8
104.3
107.9
102.4
1991
123.9
114.7
1994
131.2
120.6
1997
154.9
123.5
1999
167.0
127.6
2002
112.0
130.0
113.6
109.7
115.9
111.0
2004
112.6
129.3
114.7
110.8
120.7
109.6
2005
122.8
154.5
121.8
115.5
128.1
113.0
2006
120.9
170.3
115.6
116.1
132.5
111.1
2007
122.2
150.1
124.3
115.5
127.1
115.3
2008
126.1
186.2
122.6
118.7
136.9
114.6
2009
129.5
149.2
131.2
119.1
131.9
116.9
2010
132.8
167.5
130.3
122.6
137.2
119.4
2011
122.3
158.5
120.4
117.9
130.3
115.9
Paraguay
121.2
105.6
1994
120.1
108.0
1996
112.2
105.1
1999
102.1
108.9
104.2
104.7
106.0
105.9
2001
95.5
105.7
98.9
102.5
104.3
105.1
2004
109.9
114.3
113.2
103.4
104.2
105.4
2005
105.6
103.6
113.2
106.3
106.7
107.8
2007
111.0
122.0
105.5
104.9
107.8
102.5
2008
107.4
119.2
105.1
104.4
105.1
106.1
2009
108.1
117.1
108.5
106.4
109.9
105.1
2010
103.9
115.3
105.2
105.2
110.1
104.1
2011
105.1
115.2
105.7
104.9
107.9
104.7
1997
105.3
110.2
105.6
105.9
110.6
103.0
1999
101.5
110.5
101.7
104.3
110.6
100.2
2001
107.0
112.9
107.2
104.8
105.9
105.0
2003
104.4
110.3
106.3
102.1
103.5
103.0
2007
110.7
131.3
113.0
106.6
110.5
107.6
2008
108.2
119.7
113.7
106.0
109.4
108.8
2009
108.2
112.1
113.2
105.4
109.2
106.8
2010
109.5
120.8
113.0
107.5
110.6
109.5
2011
109.0
117.4
113.3
109.2
112.7
110.2
Repblica
2002
129.4
134.0
133.2
117.3
117.9
121.0
Dominicana
2004
127.4
130.3
127.5
117.8
119.6
116.7
2005
137.7
136.8
143.4
123.5
124.0
124.8
2006
134.5
139.4
133.6
122.7
124.6
121.8
2007
140.8
143.2
140.1
125.0
123.1
129.3
2008
139.5
139.2
145.8
125.2
126.4
125.3
2009
141.2
144.5
141.3
124.8
123.7
130.1
2010
144.3
150.9
141.6
125.9
128.7
122.9
2011
153.7
154.1
160.5
131.6
129.5
137.2
1990
123.1
103.8
1994
115.1
108.8
1997
118.4
105.5
1999
108.0
104.2
2002
107.8
103.9
2004
109.7
106.6
2005
108.3
109.6
2007
119.5
117.0
164.2
117.0
115.7
131.9
2008
136.9
135.0
162.3
122.0
120.9
129.7
2009
129.6
128.7
136.3
119.9
118.7
132.6
2010
126.1
125.9
128.8
119.5
119.0
120.4
2011
152.4
151.3
159.5
134.7
134.6
128.1
Venezuela
1990
142.4
145.8
138.6
119.4
119.3
123.7
(Repblica
1994
131.2
135.9
125.9
117.0
117.6
117.4
Bolivariana de)
1997
117.7
118.2
129.3
111.2
110.9
123.1
1999
116.0
110.1
Per
Uruguay
1990 e/
2002
115.4
108.1
2004
119.3
110.3
2005
121.2
114.5
2006
133.0
119.5
2007
141.7
119.0
2008
132.4
119.4
2009
139.4
122.9
2010
138.0
122.0
2011
132.0
119.9
a/ El ndice se presenta ajustado segn la composicin por sexo en el grupo etario de 20 a 59 aos:
Indice de feminidad de la indigencia (pobreza) =
(Nmero de mujeres en hogares pobres/ Nmero de hombres en hogares pobres)
(Nmero de mujeres en total hogares / Nmero de hombres en total de hogares)
Se excluye al servicio domstico encuestado en hogares donde desempean su trabajo.
d/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos
e/ Area metropolitana de Asuncin.
Sin informacin.
s criterios metodolgicos
acin (DNP) en el marco de
Cuadro 12
DISTRIBUCIN DEL INGRESO PER CPITA DE LOS HOGARES, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1

(En porcentajes)
Participacin en el ingreso total del:
Pases
Aos
Decil 1
Decil 2
Decil 3
Decil 4
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
0.7
0.4
0.5
1.0
0.6
1.0
1.8
1.3
1.7
2.5
2.2
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.8
3.5
4.2
3.9
4.7
4.3
4.9
4.9
5.8
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
1.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
2.1
2.4
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.6
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.8
4.1
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.2
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.8
5.0
5.4
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.1
4.8
5.1
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.4
0.6
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.6
3.2
2.1
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.2
3.1
3.2
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
4.2
3.1
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.2
5.3
4.2
4.8
4.8
4.9
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.0
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.7
1.8
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.4
3.1
3.1
3.4
3.1
3.3
3.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.6
6.3
6.0
6.3
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.6
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
b/
Cuadro 12

(En porcentajes)
Pases
Aos
Decil 1
Decil 2
Decil 3
Decil 4
2009
2010
2011
1.5
1.7
1.5
3.2
3.4
3.3
4.2
4.4
4.0
5.4
5.4
5.2
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.7
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.9
3.3
3.0
3.2
3.1
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.0
4.6
4.7
4.6
5.0
5.5
5.1
5.3
5.4
5.7
5.7
5.9
6.0
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
1.4
1.9
1.2
1.2
1.4
2.1
2.4
3.4
3.3
2.9
2.9
3.4
3.7
3.9
4.7
4.6
4.3
4.2
5.0
4.8
5.1
6.0
5.5
5.4
5.2
6.1
6.0
6.3
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
1.0
1.8
1.6
1.6
2.5
3.1
3.2
2.7
3.6
4.0
4.3
3.7
4.7
5.4
5.0
4.8
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.1
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.2
2.2
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.2
1.6
1.9
2.4
2.3
3.0
3.6
3.8
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.6
2.9
3.5
3.3
3.9
4.8
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.2
4.0
4.4
4.8
4.6
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.2
2.5
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.3
3.3
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.9
3.6
4.0
4.6
4.3
4.6
4.3
4.2
4.5
4.6
4.4
4.9
4.6
5.1
5.5
5.2
5.6
5.2
5.1
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.7
5.6
6.1
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
0.4
0.5
0.9
1.6
1.9
2.3
2.2
2.8
3.1
3.7
3.5
3.2
3.5
4.3
4.8
4.2
4.5
4.8
5.3
6.1
Panam
2002
1.2
2.4
3.7
4.9
Cuadro 12

(En porcentajes)
Pases
Aos
Decil 1
Decil 2
Decil 3
Decil 4
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.4
2.6
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.0
4.0
4.2
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.4
4.2
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.7
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.3
1.3
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.2
2.9
2.9
3.4
3.4
3.1
3.2
2.9
3.0
2.7
4.0
4.0
4.5
4.6
4.3
4.4
4.0
4.0
3.9
5.0
5.3
5.4
5.7
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.5
4.8
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.1
1.8
2.8
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.3
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.8
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.9
6.1
6.2
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
2.8
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.4
4.0
3.1
3.2
2.9
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.4
4.8
3.9
4.2
4.1
4.4
4.5
4.3
4.6
4.4
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.7
3.6
3.8
4.1
3.9
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.8
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.5
6.6
6.7
7.0
7.2
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2.0
2.3
1.8
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.0
1.8
2.1
2.2
3.6
3.7
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.6
3.2
3.9
4.2
4.4
5.1
4.7
4.2
4.6
4.3
4.8
4.6
5.3
5.5
5.7
6.0
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.7
6.2
6.0
6.4
6.6
6.9
Cuadro 12

(En porcentajes)
Pases
Aos
Decil 1
Decil 2
Decil 3
Decil 4
2009
2010
2011
2.1
2.3
2.4
4.4
4.7
4.6
5.6
6.0
5.9
6.8
7.3
7.2
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de
a/
Hogares de cada pas ordenados segn su ingreso per cpita.
b/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterio
Administrativo Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para
Cuadro 12.1
DISTRIBUCIN DEL INGRESO PER CPITA DE LOS HOGARES , AREA URBANA, 1990 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pases
Aos
Decil 1
Decil 2
Decil 3
Decil 4
Decil 5
Decil 6
1990
2.3
3.9
4.2
4.6
6.8
7.5
1994
2.2
3.0
4.1
5.1
6.3
7.3
1997
2.1
3.3
4.2
5.2
5.9
7.5
1999
2.3
3.7
4.4
5.4
6.0
7.3
2002
1.8
3.4
4.1
5.1
5.3
7.0
2004
1.1
3.0
4.2
4.8
5.9
6.9
2005
1.5
3.2
4.4
5.0
6.0
7.1
2006
1.5
3.4
4.5
5.1
5.9
7.6
2009
1.9
3.8
4.7
5.1
6.8
8.2
2010
2.0
4.0
4.6
5.4
6.7
8.0
2011
2.2
4.1
5.1
5.9
7.0
8.2
Bolivia
1989 c/
0.7
2.7
4.0
4.7
5.7
7.2
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1994 c/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
2.0
1.5
1.6
1.7
2.5
2.2
2.1
3.4
3.1
3.5
3.2
3.8
3.5
4.2
4.3
4.0
4.4
3.8
4.5
4.6
5.2
5.4
5.0
5.7
5.1
5.5
5.8
6.4
6.2
6.3
6.8
5.9
6.3
6.7
7.6
7.3
7.3
7.5
6.8
7.5
8.3
9.2
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
2.2
2.6
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.3
3.0
3.5
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.3
3.9
4.2
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.5
4.3
4.6
4.8
4.8
5.0
5.4
4.9
5.2
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.8
5.6
6.0
6.2
6.3
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.7
6.0
6.1
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
2.0
1.9
2.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.0
4.8
4.8
5.0
4.9
5.2
4.9
5.2
5.9
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.8
6.0
5.9
6.0
6.9
6.8
6.9
6.7
6.7
6.9
7.1
7.0
6.9
Argentina b/
a/
Colombia
d/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.0
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.0
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.8
3.6
2.6
2.9
2.8
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.5
4.8
3.5
3.9
3.8
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.5
5.7
4.4
4.7
4.8
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.5
6.7
5.4
5.8
5.9
6.3
6.5
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.6
8.2
7.0
7.2
7.0
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.9
8.0
8.0
7.9
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.6
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.6
2.0
1.7
4.1
3.9
4.1
3.8
3.5
3.3
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.1
3.4
3.2
5.3
5.3
5.2
4.8
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.2
6.8
6.3
6.1
5.8
5.8
5.8
6.2
5.9
5.6
5.7
5.1
5.6
5.2
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.1
7.3
7.2
7.2
6.9
6.8
7.1
7.0
6.5
6.7
9.4
8.7
9.0
8.8
8.7
9.0
8.6
8.7
8.4
8.3
8.1
8.2
8.6
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.1
1.5
2.3
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.4
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.7
3.6
4.2
5.0
4.9
5.3
4.3
4.6
4.7
4.4
4.6
4.4
5.0
4.8
5.0
5.5
6.3
5.6
5.9
5.1
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.5
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.4
7.4
7.4
7.2
6.2
6.9
7.0
7.4
6.5
6.3
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.8
8.1
8.5
7.9
7.3
8.4
8.2
7.2
8.2
7.6
8.3
8.3
8.0
8.8
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.5
2.7
4.1
4.0
3.7
3.5
4.2
4.0
4.2
5.2
5.1
4.7
4.5
5.3
5.1
5.4
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.8
6.5
6.3
6.5
7.2
7.1
7.3
7.0
7.3
7.3
7.7
8.1
8.1
8.4
8.3
8.9
8.2
9.0
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
1.0
2.3
1.4
1.8
2.7
3.8
3.0
3.2
3.7
4.5
3.9
4.1
4.6
5.5
5.3
5.1
5.8
6.6
6.3
6.3
7.4
7.5
7.4
7.4
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.9
1.7
2.5
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.3
3.5
3.2
3.5
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.8
4.9
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.6
5.8
5.5
5.6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.4
6.3
6.6
6.7
6.9
6.8
7.1
7.5
7.4
8.1
7.6
7.8
8.1
8.1
8.5
8.0
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
2.5
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
3.1
2.8
2.7
3.0
2.8
3.1
3.7
3.9
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.4
4.2
4.6
4.8
4.6
5.0
4.9
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.1
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.9
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.0
6.4
6.1
6.5
6.7
6.3
6.6
7.0
6.6
6.6
7.0
6.8
7.3
7.3
7.5
7.7
7.3
7.6
7.9
7.7
7.5
7.9
8.0
8.4
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
0.7
0.9
1.3
2.1
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.9
3.6
3.7
4.1
3.7
4.0
4.8
5.5
5.5
5.0
4.9
5.8
6.5
6.5
6.2
6.0
7.0
7.3
7.3
7.1
6.7
7.4
8.5
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.2
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.3
1.9
3.0
3.2
3.0
3.5
3.2
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.8
4.0
3.8
4.4
4.3
4.0
4.5
4.4
4.7
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.9
5.6
6.2
6.2
6.3
6.1
6.5
6.1
6.6
6.2
6.3
6.6
6.2
7.0
6.8
7.3
7.1
7.0
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.2
7.1
8.1
7.7
7.3
8.3
8.0
8.6
8.6
8.4
8.8
8.5
8.7
8.6
8.8
Paraguay
1990 e/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2.7
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.6
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.0
1.8
4.1
3.6
4.1
3.9
3.5
3.9
3.9
3.6
4.0
3.8
5.4
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.7
5.1
5.3
6.5
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
5.7
5.9
5.9
6.3
6.2
7.5
6.3
6.9
7.1
6.7
6.7
6.3
7.1
7.6
8.4
8.0
7.2
8.2
7.6
7.7
8.0
7.8
8.5
8.7
8.6
2010
2011
2.2
1.8
3.8
3.2
5.1
4.4
6.2
5.8
7.6
6.5
8.6
7.9
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.6
4.0
3.7
3.7
3.8
4.2
4.5
4.5
5.1
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.2
5.5
5.6
6.0
5.6
6.0
5.7
6.5
6.5
6.7
7.0
6.4
7.2
7.0
7.2
8.0
7.8
8.5
7.9
8.3
7.8
8.4
9.0
9.1
2010
2011
2.8
2.5
4.6
4.5
5.8
5.7
6.8
6.9
8.0
7.7
8.9
9.1
2002
2004
2005
1.2
1.0
0.9
2.8
2.0
2.2
3.8
2.9
3.1
5.2
3.9
4.2
5.9
4.9
5.4
7.0
6.5
7.2
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.1
2.3
2.5
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.8
4.2
4.7
4.1
4.5
4.3
5.0
5.3
6.0
5.3
5.6
5.6
6.8
6.9
7.1
6.6
7.1
6.9
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
3.3
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.6
4.4
5.2
5.3
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.3
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.8
6.0
5.9
6.7
6.9
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.9
7.9
7.8
7.5
7.5
7.2
7.6
7.7
9.0
8.7
8.4
8.5
8.2
8.1
2007
3.7
5.0
5.8
6.6
7.3
8.3
2008
3.6
5.1
5.9
6.6
7.4
8.4
2009
3.8
5.3
6.1
6.7
7.6
8.5
2010
4.1
5.5
6.2
7.0
7.8
8.7
2011
3.9
5.6
6.4
7.2
8.1
9.0
Venezuela
1990
2.0
3.7
5.2
5.9
7.0
8.8
(Repblica
1994
2.4
3.7
5.0
5.5
7.4
8.2
Bolivariana de)
1997
1.8
3.3
4.3
5.3
6.5
8.0
Per
Repblica
Dominicana
Uruguay
a/
Administrativo Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las serie
S , AREA URBANA, 1990 - 2011 a/
el ingreso total del:

Decil 7
Decil 8
Decil 9
Decil 10
9.4
11.5
15.2
34.8
9.3
11.6
16.5
34.6
8.8
11.1
16.1
35.8
8.8
10.4
14.9
36.7
8.1
10.3
14.3
40.7
8.6
10.7
14.8
40.0
8.8
10.9
15.3
37.7
8.8
11.0
15.3
37.0
9.5
12.2
15.6
32.1
9.7
11.8
15.1
32.7
9.8
12.0
15.2
30.6
9.0
11.6
16.3
38.2
8.7
8.9
9.8
8.7
9.0
9.4
10.4
11.1
11.6
11.2
11.3
10.9
11.4
12.2
16.0
15.3
16.8
15.1
14.6
15.6
14.8
35.4
37.0
32.7
38.4
35.3
32.5
27.8
8.3
7.9
7.7
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.7
8.1
7.8
8.2
8.5
11.1
10.3
10.5
10.1
10.0
9.9
10.2
10.1
9.9
10.3
10.6
10.1
10.6
10.6
17.4
16.1
16.6
15.9
16.0
15.6
15.9
15.9
15.5
15.2
15.3
14.9
15.2
14.8
41.8
43.2
44.3
45.7
45.7
46.1
44.1
43.4
44.0
43.4
41.6
42.9
40.5
39.3
8.3
8.3
8.2
8.4
8.1
8.4
8.8
8.5
8.6
10.3
10.7
10.9
10.9
10.2
10.5
11.1
10.9
11.1
15.8
15.3
15.4
15.8
15.1
15.1
15.7
15.2
15.2
39.3
39.7
39.6
39.2
40.3
39.4
36.5
38.1
37.1
9.6
8.1
8.5
9.0
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.3
9.4
9.0
9.4
12.0
10.8
10.9
10.6
11.0
11.3
10.9
10.9
11.4
11.4
11.3
11.2
15.6
15.3
15.3
16.0
15.6
16.0
15.5
15.4
15.8
15.1
15.6
15.6
31.9
41.9
39.5
38.8
36.3
34.4
35.5
34.8
34.5
34.8
34.8
33.9
11.8
10.4
10.8
10.9
10.2
10.8
10.7
10.5
9.9
9.9
9.9
10.1
10.2
12.7
12.3
12.9
13.2
12.5
12.9
13.1
12.3
12.6
12.7
11.9
12.1
12.3
16.1
16.0
15.4
16.6
16.7
16.5
17.0
16.6
15.9
16.4
16.9
17.5
17.7
24.6
27.5
26.8
27.2
29.0
28.6
27.3
29.6
31.2
29.8
31.9
30.0
30.0
9.9
10.4
9.5
9.2
9.0
9.4
9.7
9.4
9.2
9.3
9.7
9.5
10.0
11.6
11.8
12.0
11.9
11.5
12.1
11.4
11.1
11.0
11.8
11.9
11.6
13.0
15.3
14.7
14.4
14.6
14.6
15.4
14.9
15.0
15.1
15.1
14.7
15.3
15.4
30.5
31.7
31.9
36.6
34.3
32.0
34.3
34.2
35.5
31.7
31.8
31.9
26.5
9.9
9.7
10.2
9.8
10.1
9.6
10.0
11.6
11.6
12.3
11.9
12.1
11.5
12.1
14.3
15.2
16.4
16.6
16.4
14.7
15.3
31.7
31.1
29.2
30.8
27.3
30.8
27.1
9.5
8.3
9.5
8.2
11.8
10.6
11.2
10.9
15.6
14.1
16.1
14.6
37.9
36.9
36.0
38.3
8.0
9.2
9.1
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.7
9.5
9.7
9.9
12.0
11.2
11.2
11.9
11.0
11.6
11.8
12.1
12.3
12.0
16.1
15.3
14.9
16.0
15.0
15.2
15.9
16.2
15.7
15.7
38.9
37.2
36.8
33.8
36.8
35.8
34.3
32.5
31.1
32.6
8.6
8.9
8.8
8.7
9.1
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.2
9.1
9.9
10.4
10.8
10.8
10.6
10.7
11.7
11.3
10.7
11.4
10.7
11.6
14.4
15.3
14.6
15.1
15.4
15.3
14.9
14.2
14.7
14.3
14.7
36.9
34.3
33.7
34.8
33.6
31.2
33.0
34.5
31.3
33.0
28.7
9.8
8.9
8.5
9.4
9.8
11.9
11.2
10.9
11.1
12.1
15.0
15.2
13.4
14.4
16.5
36.5
39.1
41.4
34.4
27.6
9.5
9.3
9.0
9.9
9.8
9.9
9.7
10.0
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.8
9.4
12.4
11.0
12.1
12.1
11.3
12.2
12.5
12.5
12.1
11.5
11.8
11.6
10.9
16.9
14.1
14.8
15.7
15.7
16.3
15.4
15.4
15.3
15.3
14.8
13.2
13.9
32.7
36.8
36.9
31.5
33.7
29.6
29.7
30.0
29.5
29.7
29.9
31.2
32.8
10.1
9.1
9.5
10.2
8.8
9.4
8.9
9.7
10.0
10.3
11.5
10.6
11.0
11.8
11.7
11.7
11.3
11.4
11.8
13.2
15.4
15.5
14.3
14.3
15.6
14.9
15.3
14.9
15.5
15.0
28.9
35.2
33.4
32.5
33.5
33.0
33.9
32.2
29.0
27.4
10.0
10.0
11.1
12.0
13.9
15.0
31.5
33.4
9.9
9.3
9.9
9.4
10.1
10.3
10.4
11.7
11.3
11.9
11.1
12.0
11.9
11.8
15.0
15.2
15.1
14.9
14.6
14.6
14.8
30.6
33.6
30.8
32.9
29.3
27.0
26.6
10.5
10.5
11.9
12.3
14.2
14.1
26.7
26.7
9.0
8.2
8.9
11.3
11.3
12.4
16.8
16.8
17.5
37.1
42.5
38.1
8.5
8.9
9.7
9.0
8.7
8.5
11.4
11.9
12.5
10.8
11.5
11.8
16.9
17.8
17.7
16.8
17.3
17.2
41.7
38.7
35.2
41.2
38.6
39.0
8.7
9.4
9.6
9.5
9.4
9.4
9.3
10.0
12.1
11.5
11.4
11.2
11.0
11.1
12.5
14.6
14.6
14.5
14.4
14.3
14.6
35.3
25.4
25.8
27.0
27.3
28.6
27.8
9.5
11.5
14.8
27.4
9.7
11.4
14.9
26.9
9.9
11.5
14.6
26.0
9.8
11.6
14.8
24.4
10.0
11.8
14.5
23.3
10.2
12.6
16.2
28.4
9.2
12.1
15.0
31.4
9.7
11.9
16.6
32.6
iales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
in de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento
arco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 12.2
DISTRIBUCIN DEL INGRESO PER CPITA DE LOS HOGARES , AREA RURAL, 1990 - 2011 a/
(En porcentajes)
Pases
Aos
Decil 1
Decil 2
Decil 3
Decil 4
Decil 5
Decil 6
Bolivia
1997
0.9
2.0
3.2
3.8
4.6
6.5
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
0.5
0.6
1.3
0.5
1.0
1.2
1.3
3.0
1.5
2.7
2.1
2.5
4.5
2.5
4.5
3.0
3.8
5.4
4.0
6.1
4.3
5.2
6.8
6.6
7.8
7.2
7.3
9.0
7.4
9.3
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
1.9
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.3
3.3
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.6
4.2
4.3
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.7
4.7
4.8
5.5
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.9
5.9
5.7
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.8
6.8
6.9
7.1
7.3
6.8
7.4
7.6
7.7
6.5
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.9
8.1
7.9
8.2
8.5
8.7
8.1
8.9
9.2
8.7
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
1.6
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.2
3.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.9
4.3
4.1
3.9
4.9
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.7
4.6
5.4
5.0
4.9
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.9
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.8
5.6
6.7
7.1
6.7
7.0
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.5
7.6
8.1
8.2
8.1
7.5
7.3
7.8
7.7
Colombia b/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.0
0.5
1.0
0.9
1.7
2.2
2.4
2.2
1.6
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.8
1.7
3.2
3.0
3.4
3.9
4.5
4.3
3.5
4.1
4.0
4.4
3.9
3.2
5.0
4.3
4.8
5.4
5.7
5.4
5.2
5.6
5.5
5.8
4.6
4.6
6.3
5.7
5.9
6.8
7.1
6.6
6.5
7.0
6.6
6.9
6.0
5.9
7.2
6.7
7.1
7.7
8.3
8.1
7.8
7.9
8.1
8.1
6.8
7.7
9.0
8.1
8.2
9.3
9.6
9.0
9.1
9.0
9.2
10.3
Costa Rica
1990
1.2
4.0
5.6
6.8
7.8
9.3
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
3.8
3.7
3.4
2.8
2.7
3.4
3.0
3.5
4.0
3.8
3.3
3.4
5.2
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.9
5.0
4.8
5.1
5.0
4.8
4.7
4.8
6.8
6.7
6.2
6.1
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.1
6.2
5.7
5.4
5.5
7.4
7.8
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.8
6.8
8.9
9.1
8.6
8.9
9.0
9.0
9.3
9.0
8.9
8.1
8.1
8.1
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.3
1.7
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.7
4.3
3.9
3.9
3.6
4.0
4.2
4.4
3.9
5.5
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.5
6.8
5.7
6.2
6.3
6.1
6.7
6.7
6.6
8.0
8.1
7.1
7.4
7.5
8.2
8.4
8.0
9.0
8.8
8.4
8.3
8.7
9.2
9.1
8.8
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
1.3
2.9
1.1
1.2
1.2
2.6
2.9
3.6
4.2
3.2
3.0
3.5
4.2
4.5
5.4
5.6
5.0
4.6
5.3
5.4
5.6
6.6
6.7
6.3
5.8
6.6
7.0
7.0
8.2
8.6
8.1
7.7
8.6
8.0
8.3
9.5
9.2
9.4
8.9
9.4
9.4
9.9
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
1.2
2.2
1.9
2.1
3.2
3.6
3.7
3.3
4.4
4.5
5.2
4.2
5.6
5.5
6.2
5.4
7.0
6.6
7.1
6.4
8.3
7.7
8.0
7.7
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.9
1.9
0.8
1.1
1.6
1.5
2.8
2.6
3.2
3.0
3.4
3.0
1.9
2.2
2.7
2.7
4.1
3.6
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.3
2.8
3.1
3.7
3.7
4.8
4.9
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.4
3.9
4.2
4.8
4.5
6.1
6.1
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.4
5.2
5.4
6.0
5.8
7.2
8.6
8.2
7.7
7.6
7.9
7.0
7.3
7.5
7.4
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2.7
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.4
2.8
2.5
2.6
4.3
4.7
4.6
4.5
3.6
4.1
4.1
4.0
5.3
5.7
6.1
5.0
4.4
5.2
5.4
5.3
6.3
6.3
6.4
5.5
5.2
5.9
6.1
6.2
8.0
7.8
7.2
6.8
6.3
6.7
7.0
7.3
8.7
7.9
8.2
7.7
7.2
7.6
7.9
8.0
2006
2008
2010
3.0
2.6
2.7
4.5
4.0
4.4
5.6
4.9
5.3
6.5
5.9
6.3
7.6
6.8
7.4
7.9
7.8
8.7
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
0.2
0.4
1.1
1.9
1.9
2.6
2.1
2.8
3.4
3.6
4.2
3.7
4.7
4.8
5.1
5.4
4.7
5.7
6.0
6.1
6.5
6.9
7.0
7.3
7.6
7.5
7.3
8.6
8.2
8.5
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1.6
1.7
1.9
1.8
2.2
2.2
2.5
3.1
2.9
3.2
3.0
3.8
3.4
3.8
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.3
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.9
6.7
6.8
7.1
7.3
7.0
7.1
7.2
8.2
8.4
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.0
8.5
2010
2011
2.5
1.8
3.8
3.3
5.2
4.3
6.3
5.9
6.8
6.8
8.8
8.3
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.5
1.6
2.1
1.7
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.0
2.9
3.6
3.5
3.2
2.7
3.4
2.7
2.7
2.5
4.1
5.0
4.7
4.8
3.9
4.1
3.6
3.6
3.7
5.2
5.3
5.5
6.2
5.1
5.5
4.5
4.8
4.3
6.4
7.7
6.3
7.5
6.1
5.9
5.7
6.0
6.3
7.2
8.8
7.7
8.7
7.1
6.7
7.5
7.5
6.7
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2.4
2.1
2.7
3.7
3.1
2.8
2.9
3.7
4.1
4.1
5.5
4.5
4.3
4.4
5.2
5.1
5.6
6.6
5.6
5.5
5.7
6.5
6.2
6.8
7.7
6.7
6.6
6.8
7.8
8.5
8.1
8.9
7.8
8.1
8.3
9.1
9.4
9.0
10.2
9.4
9.5
9.2
2010
2011
3.0
2.8
4.6
4.1
5.8
5.1
6.9
6.3
8.2
7.4
9.3
8.7
2002
2004
2005
1.4
1.6
0.7
3.4
2.8
2.4
4.9
3.9
3.8
6.4
5.3
4.6
7.4
5.9
5.7
8.6
7.7
7.5
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.1
2.4
2.7
3.0
2.7
2.8
2.8
3.6
4.2
4.0
3.9
4.1
4.0
4.6
5.2
5.3
5.4
4.8
5.2
5.9
6.3
6.4
6.7
6.4
6.4
7.3
7.9
8.8
7.7
7.9
7.7
2007
2008
2009
2010
4.0
3.8
4.2
4.1
5.4
5.8
5.8
5.8
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.5
7.5
7.1
7.3
7.4
7.9
8.2
8.4
7.9
8.5
8.7
9.2
9.0
Repblica
Dominicana
Uruguay
2011
3.9
5.8
6.6
7.8
8.2
9.2
Venezuela
1990
2.7
4.4
6.1
6.7
8.5
9.8
(Repblica
1994
2.6
4.1
5.4
6.5
7.2
8.9
Bolivariana de)
1997
2.5
3.9
5.2
6.9
7.4
8.3
a/
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el empa
empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
S , AREA RURAL, 1990 - 2011 a/

Decil 7
Decil 8
Decil 9
Decil 10
8.2
12.5
16.3
42.0
9.8
9.0
10.7
10.9
10.9
13.9
12.5
13.0
15.7
13.9
19.7
18.2
16.1
18.7
16.6
38.3
39.5
30.1
32.2
27.2
8.8
8.8
9.2
9.1
9.5
9.5
10.0
9.7
9.9
10.0
9.6
10.1
10.4
10.5
10.5
11.1
11.5
10.8
11.2
11.6
11.6
11.3
11.9
11.8
11.3
12.0
11.2
10.3
15.6
12.1
12.2
11.9
11.9
12.0
12.2
12.4
12.2
12.6
11.7
12.8
13.8
14.4
38.2
41.2
39.6
40.2
39.1
36.5
37.1
36.4
34.7
34.3
37.8
33.1
32.0
33.0
8.1
8.5
9.1
9.3
9.4
8.7
8.2
8.9
8.5
8.7
10.2
10.4
9.9
10.2
9.7
9.9
10.8
10.3
11.8
11.9
12.9
13.2
12.1
12.5
12.7
14.1
13.7
45.9
37.9
35.6
35.8
36.2
38.8
39.3
34.3
36.1
8.2
9.7
10.1
9.9
9.3
10.7
10.8
10.4
10.6
10.9
10.8
9.9
10.3
13.8
12.5
11.6
11.4
12.4
12.3
12.4
12.8
12.6
12.5
12.3
13.1
18.4
15.7
14.3
15.3
14.9
15.0
14.5
15.8
15.5
15.2
14.7
43.3
34.6
30.1
35.5
33.0
26.7
24.3
27.0
27.1
25.5
25.9
25.2
10.9
12.9
17.0
24.5
10.5
11.1
10.8
10.2
11.0
11.0
10.9
10.7
10.3
10.6
10.1
10.1
12.4
12.9
12.9
12.9
13.2
12.9
12.7
12.3
12.8
12.4
12.2
12.7
15.2
16.0
16.5
16.3
16.9
16.3
16.2
15.9
15.5
16.2
15.6
16.4
28.4
25.9
28.2
29.8
27.6
27.3
28.4
28.3
28.4
29.7
32.2
30.6
10.3
10.5
9.4
10.0
10.0
10.7
10.8
10.7
13.0
12.7
11.6
11.5
11.5
12.2
12.3
12.0
15.0
14.8
13.7
14.0
15.1
13.9
14.8
15.3
25.8
28.8
32.7
31.5
29.4
26.8
25.0
26.6
11.9
10.9
11.3
10.7
11.6
11.3
11.2
12.3
13.3
13.6
13.8
12.8
12.6
12.5
14.9
14.0
16.1
16.5
15.1
14.7
15.1
26.1
24.7
25.9
27.7
25.8
24.8
23.0
9.5
9.2
9.6
8.7
11.3
11.0
11.5
11.7
14.4
12.6
15.9
14.8
35.1
37.2
30.8
35.8
8.8
9.0
9.6
9.6
9.1
9.9
9.5
9.6
9.6
8.9
11.7
12.3
11.8
12.4
12.1
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.2
11.5
15.7
15.7
15.7
16.7
16.2
17.8
17.6
18.2
16.6
15.8
37.4
36.2
33.5
33.0
33.2
30.7
38.7
36.3
35.4
38.3
9.8
9.5
10.1
9.2
8.0
8.8
9.6
9.5
11.9
12.5
11.2
11.4
10.3
11.4
12.0
11.2
15.5
15.2
14.6
15.5
14.0
15.1
14.2
15.4
27.4
27.0
28.3
31.5
38.7
32.3
31.2
30.4
9.9
9.2
10.1
11.6
11.4
12.3
14.3
14.1
14.5
29.1
33.4
28.2
10.2
9.9
10.7
9.7
10.6
12.9
12.3
13.1
12.8
12.1
17.1
15.5
15.1
16.1
14.4
33.4
37.3
31.3
29.8
30.1
9.9
10.7
11.0
10.1
10.0
10.1
10.0
12.5
13.6
12.9
12.7
11.9
11.9
11.9
16.0
15.5
16.2
16.2
15.5
15.7
15.3
32.8
30.8
29.6
30.8
30.8
31.8
29.6
10.7
10.1
12.3
12.9
16.4
16.8
27.1
29.7
9.3
9.0
8.6
10.0
8.0
8.7
8.2
8.1
8.5
11.0
13.7
10.5
11.6
9.6
10.5
11.3
10.9
10.9
15.8
14.2
13.1
15.3
12.5
12.3
13.4
12.6
12.8
36.6
31.2
38.1
31.0
43.8
41.4
41.9
42.4
43.4
10.1
11.3
10.4
11.1
10.8
10.4
10.9
12.7
12.5
12.4
12.7
12.3
12.9
12.7
16.7
16.0
15.6
14.6
14.9
15.6
14.8
25.7
24.9
25.2
18.9
25.1
24.3
24.3
10.7
10.4
12.1
12.7
14.5
15.3
24.9
27.3
10.8
9.9
9.9
13.3
12.7
11.8
15.9
17.6
17.1
27.9
32.7
36.5
9.7
10.6
11.1
10.6
10.5
9.7
12.4
13.4
13.5
13.3
12.0
12.2
18.7
17.4
17.7
17.0
18.8
16.4
34.4
31.5
29.1
31.5
31.7
34.6
9.5
9.4
9.8
9.6
10.8
10.9
10.3
10.3
13.0
12.9
12.6
12.6
27.1
26.9
25.9
26.7
9.9
11.6
13.6
23.4
10.3
13.0
14.8
23.8
10.7
12.9
12.4
29.3
10.2
12.1
12.3
31.1
in de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el

(DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de
Cuadro 13
DISTRIBUCIN DEL INGRESO LABORAL DE LOS OCUPADOS, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 2011 a/
(En porcentajes)
Pases
Aos
Decil 1
Decil 2
Decil 3
Decil 4
Decil 5
Decil 6
Bolivia
1997
0.8
1.9
2.8
3.7
4.9
6.2
(Estado
1999
0.3
1.1
2.2
3.7
5.5
7.0
Plurinacional de)
2002
0.5
1.5
2.6
3.8
5.2
6.8
2004
0.7
1.8
3.1
4.2
5.4
6.9
2007
0.5
1.7
3.1
4.3
5.7
7.1
2009
0.7
2.0
3.5
4.9
6.2
7.7
1990
0.9
1.9
2.3
3.2
4.2
5.6
1993
0.8
1.9
3.0
3.2
4.3
5.6
1996
1.1
2.1
2.6
3.5
4.5
5.8
1999
1.1
2.3
2.8
3.7
4.8
5.9
2001
1.1
2.4
3.0
3.7
4.7
5.9
2002
1.0
2.4
3.1
3.8
4.7
5.9
2003
1.0
2.4
3.4
3.9
4.8
6.0
2004
1.1
2.5
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.1
2005
1.1
2.6
3.7
4.0
5.0
6.1
2006
1.1
2.6
3.8
4.2
5.0
6.1
2007
1.2
2.8
3.9
4.3
5.1
6.2
2008
1.2
2.9
4.0
4.4
5.3
6.3
2009
1.2
2.9
4.1
4.4
5.3
6.5
2011
1.4
3.4
4.0
4.6
5.6
6.6
1990
1.6
3.1
3.6
4.2
5.0
6.0
1994
1.6
2.9
3.4
4.2
4.9
5.9
1996
1.5
2.7
3.3
4.0
4.9
6.0
1998
1.6
2.7
3.3
4.1
4.9
6.0
2000
1.4
2.7
3.3
3.9
4.8
5.9
2003
1.4
2.8
3.5
4.0
4.9
5.9
2006
1.4
3.0
3.7
4.3
5.2
6.2
2009
1.7
3.2
3.9
4.4
5.2
6.4
2011
1.7
3.5
4.1
4.5
5.3
6.4
1991
1.2
2.9
4.5
5.5
6.3
7.2
1994
0.5
1.6
2.9
4.5
5.5
6.4
1997
1.1
2.9
4.3
5.0
5.7
6.7
1999
1.0
2.7
4.2
5.4
6.3
7.2
2002
0.8
1.9
3.1
4.4
6.1
7.2
2003
0.8
2.1
3.4
4.8
6.3
7.5
2004
0.8
2.0
3.3
4.6
6.2
7.5
2005
0.9
2.2
3.5
4.8
6.3
7.5
2008
0.9
2.2
3.4
4.8
6.2
7.2
2009
0.8
2.1
3.4
4.8
6.3
7.5
2010
0.8
2.0
3.3
4.6
6.1
7.4
Brasil
Chile
Colombia
b/
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Mxico
2011
0.8
2.1
3.4
4.8
6.3
7.4
1990
1.7
3.9
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.7
1994
1.8
3.8
5.1
6.0
6.9
8.0
1997
1.6
3.5
4.9
6.0
7.1
8.4
1999
1.5
3.4
4.7
5.9
6.8
8.0
2002
1.2
3.0
4.6
5.9
6.9
8.1
2004
1.4
3.1
4.7
6.0
7.0
8.2
2005
1.3
3.1
4.7
6.0
7.0
8.2
2006
1.2
3.0
4.6
5.8
6.9
8.0
2007
1.4
3.3
4.7
5.7
6.6
7.7
2008
1.5
3.4
4.8
5.8
6.6
7.7
2009
1.3
3.1
4.6
5.6
6.5
7.6
2010
1.0
2.9
4.4
5.6
6.5
7.7
2011
0.8
2.5
4.2
5.5
6.4
7.6
2004
1.3
2.7
3.9
4.9
6.1
7.4
2005
1.2
2.6
3.7
4.8
6.0
7.3
2006
1.4
2.9
4.0
5.0
6.1
7.3
2007
1.1
2.5
3.6
4.6
5.7
6.6
2008
1.2
2.8
4.0
5.1
6.2
7.2
2009
1.3
2.8
4.1
5.3
6.4
7.5
2010
1.4
3.0
4.3
5.6
6.6
7.5
2011
1.3
3.1
4.6
5.9
7.0
8.0
1995
1.3
2.9
3.8
4.8
6.2
7.4
1997
1.2
2.9
3.8
4.9
6.1
7.1
1999
0.9
2.5
3.6
4.9
6.2
7.3
2001
1.0
2.5
3.6
4.9
6.0
7.1
2004
1.3
2.9
4.0
5.4
6.5
7.4
2009
1.1
2.8
4.0
5.3
6.6
7.5
2010
1.1
2.8
4.2
5.5
6.9
7.9
1989
1.3
2.6
3.6
4.5
5.6
7.1
1998
0.6
1.5
2.6
3.6
4.6
5.9
2002
0.8
2.0
3.0
4.3
5.7
6.6
2006
0.8
1.8
2.8
3.8
4.9
6.0
1990
0.9
1.9
2.8
3.7
4.7
6.2
1994
1.1
2.2
3.3
4.5
5.8
7.1
1997
1.0
2.2
3.4
4.6
5.7
6.9
1999
0.8
2.0
3.3
4.3
5.5
6.9
2002
0.8
1.9
2.9
4.0
5.3
7.0
2003
0.7
1.7
2.6
3.7
5.0
6.9
2006
0.4
1.1
2.0
3.2
5.0
7.2
2007
0.4
1.2
2.1
3.4
5.2
7.3
2009
0.5
1.4
2.3
3.5
5.1
7.1
2010
0.5
1.3
2.1
3.2
4.7
6.8
1989
0.8
2.2
3.4
4.3
5.4
6.5
1994
0.6
1.8
2.9
3.9
5.0
6.2
1996
0.6
1.9
3.1
4.1
5.2
6.5
1998
0.5
1.7
2.9
3.9
4.9
6.3
2000
0.6
1.9
3.0
4.0
5.2
6.5
2002
0.6
1.8
3.1
4.2
5.3
6.6
2004
0.7
2.1
3.3
4.4
5.6
6.8
2005
0.6
1.9
3.3
4.3
5.4
6.6
2006
0.5
1.8
3.2
4.4
5.6
6.8
2008
0.5
1.7
3.0
4.3
5.4
6.7
2010
0.6
1.9
3.4
4.9
6.2
7.5
1993
1.4
2.8
3.9
4.5
5.6
6.7
1998
1.1
2.4
3.5
4.1
5.2
6.2
2001
1.1
2.5
3.4
4.2
5.1
6.2
2005
1.4
2.7
3.6
4.6
5.7
6.9
2009
1.5
3.2
4.4
5.4
6.5
7.7
2002
0.7
1.7
3.0
4.6
5.9
7.1
2004
0.7
1.7
3.2
5.0
6.4
7.6
2005
0.7
1.9
3.4
5.0
6.5
7.8
2006
0.7
1.9
3.4
5.1
6.6
7.7
2007
1.0
2.3
3.8
5.2
6.5
7.5
2008
0.9
2.3
3.9
5.6
6.7
7.8
2009
1.0
2.3
3.9
5.5
6.6
7.7
2010
0.9
2.4
4.1
5.9
7.2
8.1
2011
0.9
2.6
4.4
6.0
6.8
7.7
1999
0.9
2.1
3.3
4.6
6.1
7.3
2001
0.6
1.7
2.9
4.2
5.6
7.1
2004
0.8
1.9
3.1
4.2
5.5
7.0
2005
0.7
1.9
3.2
4.6
5.9
7.4
2007
0.8
2.0
3.2
4.3
5.6
7.0
2008
0.9
2.2
3.5
4.8
6.1
7.6
2009
0.7
2.0
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
2010
0.9
2.2
3.5
4.8
6.1
7.6
2011
0.8
2.0
3.4
4.6
6.0
7.5
1997
0.7
1.9
3.2
4.6
6.0
7.5
1999
0.6
1.7
3.0
4.2
5.4
7.0
2001
0.5
1.5
2.7
4.0
5.4
7.1
2003
0.6
1.6
2.6
3.8
5.1
6.6
2007
0.6
1.7
2.8
4.2
5.6
7.1
2008
0.6
1.7
3.0
4.4
5.9
7.4
2009
0.6
1.7
3.0
4.4
5.9
7.4
2010
0.6
1.8
3.1
4.6
6.1
7.5
2011
0.7
1.9
3.4
4.9
6.3
7.7
Repblica
2002
1.7
3.0
3.9
4.8
5.7
6.9
Dominicana
2004
1.4
2.3
3.0
3.8
4.6
5.9
2005
1.4
2.4
3.1
3.9
4.7
6.0
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
2006
1.4
2.3
3.0
3.7
4.6
5.9
2007
1.5
2.4
3.2
4.0
4.9
6.2
2008
1.5
2.5
3.2
3.9
5.0
6.4
2009
1.4
2.4
3.0
3.9
4.8
6.0
2010
1.4
2.4
3.1
3.9
4.9
6.2
2011
1.5
2.5
3.2
3.9
4.8
6.0
2007
0.9
2.3
3.5
4.6
5.8
7.3
2008
0.9
2.3
3.7
4.9
6.1
7.6
2009
0.9
2.4
3.8
5.0
6.3
7.7
2010
0.9
2.5
4.0
5.2
6.4
7.9
2011
1.0
2.7
4.3
5.6
6.8
8.2
Venezuela
1990
2.1
4.1
5.4
6.4
7.1
8.0
(Repblica
1994
1.9
3.7
4.7
5.7
6.7
7.8
Bolivariana de)
1997
1.5
3.0
4.2
5.0
5.6
6.9
1999
1.5
3.5
5.1
5.8
6.3
7.5
2002
1.6
3.3
4.6
5.4
6.1
7.4
2004
1.8
3.6
4.9
6.0
6.7
7.9
2005
1.3
3.2
4.9
5.7
6.5
8.0
2006
2.0
4.1
5.5
6.2
7.3
8.5
2007
2.1
4.4
5.9
6.5
7.7
8.7
2008
2.3
4.5
5.9
6.8
7.8
9.0
2009
2.5
4.8
5.9
6.9
7.8
8.9
2010
2.7
5.2
6.2
7.3
8.3
9.5
2011
2.6
5.0
6.2
7.3
8.2
9.5
Uruguay
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respec
a/ Ocupados de cada pas ordenados segn su ingreso laboral.
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el emp
TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 2011 a/

Decil 7
Decil 8
Decil 9
Decil 10
8.1
10.4
15.7
45.5
9.0
11.7
17.3
42.2
8.4
10.9
15.5
44.7
8.7
11.0
15.6
42.7
9.1
11.8
16.6
40.2
9.5
11.9
16.1
37.5
7.5
10.5
16.4
47.5
7.1
10.0
15.5
48.6
7.5
10.3
16.1
46.5
7.6
10.4
16.1
45.4
7.5
10.1
15.7
45.8
7.4
10.2
15.7
45.7
7.5
10.1
15.7
44.9
7.6
10.3
15.7
44.2
7.6
10.1
15.3
44.4
7.6
10.1
15.4
44.2
7.8
10.2
15.6
42.8
7.9
10.3
15.5
42.4
7.9
10.2
15.4
42.0
8.0
10.4
15.1
40.8
7.4
9.7
14.1
45.2
7.4
9.5
14.0
46.2
7.5
9.7
14.7
45.7
7.4
9.9
14.6
45.5
7.2
9.6
14.3
46.8
7.3
9.9
14.5
45.7
7.9
10.3
15.2
42.7
7.8
10.2
14.7
42.5
8.0
10.3
15.1
41.1
8.7
10.4
14.3
39.1
8.3
10.8
15.7
43.7
8.2
10.1
14.3
41.7
8.4
10.4
14.6
39.7
8.3
10.3
15.0
42.7
8.5
10.3
15.3
41.2
8.4
10.3
15.1
41.7
8.4
10.3
14.9
41.3
8.4
10.6
15.3
41.0
8.6
10.6
15.0
40.8
8.6
10.7
15.3
41.2
8.7
10.7
15.2
40.7
9.9
11.7
15.3
29.4
9.2
11.3
15.3
32.5
9.9
11.9
15.7
31.0
9.5
11.6
15.9
32.7
9.5
11.5
15.6
33.7
9.6
11.7
15.8
32.5
9.7
11.7
16.0
32.4
9.5
11.5
15.6
33.9
9.0
11.1
15.2
35.3
9.2
11.2
15.2
34.7
9.1
11.4
15.7
35.0
9.2
11.5
16.0
35.3
9.1
11.6
16.5
35.7
9.0
11.4
15.4
37.9
8.7
11.1
15.2
39.2
8.9
11.3
15.4
37.6
8.2
10.4
14.8
42.6
8.7
10.9
15.3
38.5
9.0
10.9
15.0
37.6
8.6
10.6
14.9
37.6
9.4
11.6
15.9
33.2
8.8
11.5
15.6
37.6
8.7
11.5
16.3
37.5
9.0
11.9
16.9
36.7
8.9
11.8
16.9
37.4
9.1
11.7
16.4
35.4
9.0
11.6
16.3
35.7
9.4
11.8
16.6
33.6
8.8
11.0
14.9
40.6
7.6
10.0
14.9
48.8
8.2
10.5
15.2
43.6
7.4
9.8
14.5
48.3
8.2
10.8
16.2
44.7
8.6
10.7
15.0
41.6
8.5
11.0
15.0
41.9
8.8
11.4
16.1
40.9
8.8
11.7
16.4
41.0
9.0
11.7
16.6
42.0
9.4
12.2
17.1
42.4
9.4
12.1
17.1
41.6
9.6
12.5
16.7
41.3
9.5
12.3
16.7
42.8
8.1
10.5
14.9
43.8
7.9
10.5
15.6
45.7
8.2
10.8
15.6
44.1
8.1
10.8
15.7
45.3
8.1
10.6
15.6
44.5
8.4
11.2
16.6
42.3
8.5
10.9
15.8
41.8
8.2
10.5
15.0
44.2
8.4
10.9
15.8
42.4
8.3
10.5
14.8
44.7
9.2
11.7
16.2
38.2
8.6
11.1
15.4
40.1
7.8
10.1
14.5
45.0
7.6
9.8
13.8
46.1
8.3
10.6
14.6
41.6
9.3
11.3
15.2
35.4
8.8
11.4
15.6
41.3
9.5
12.2
16.5
37.2
9.6
12.2
16.4
36.6
9.5
11.9
16.0
37.1
9.3
11.9
15.6
36.7
9.2
11.6
15.5
36.5
9.3
11.7
15.7
36.3
9.5
11.3
14.6
36.0
8.9
10.8
13.7
38.1
8.7
11.0
14.6
41.4
8.7
10.8
15.2
43.4
8.8
10.7
14.4
43.5
9.0
10.9
14.7
41.7
8.7
10.3
13.5
44.6
9.1
10.9
14.8
40.3
9.5
11.5
15.3
38.9
8.8
10.9
14.4
40.8
8.6
10.4
14.4
42.4
9.3
11.6
15.6
39.6
8.9
10.9
14.7
43.6
9.0
11.6
15.6
42.7
8.4
10.9
15.0
45.4
9.0
11.5
15.9
41.5
9.2
11.7
16.0
40.1
9.2
11.7
16.1
39.9
9.3
11.8
16.0
39.2
9.4
11.8
16.1
37.9
8.6
11.1
15.8
38.5
8.0
11.3
17.4
42.3
8.0
11.2
17.0
42.4
7.9
11.3
17.3
42.7
8.2
11.2
16.8
41.6
8.6
11.7
17.2
40.1
8.2
11.2
16.9
42.1
8.3
11.4
16.9
41.6
7.9
10.8
17.1
42.3
9.3
11.9
16.7
37.6
9.2
11.8
16.2
37.2
9.5
12.0
16.4
36.1
9.7
12.2
16.5
34.7
10.0
12.4
16.4
32.6
9.3
11.1
14.9
31.7
9.0
11.2
14.7
34.4
8.6
11.3
16.0
37.9
9.2
11.7
15.6
33.8
9.3
11.8
16.0
34.6
9.5
11.9
15.6
32.1
9.5
11.8
15.0
34.1
10.0
11.7
14.8
29.8
10.1
11.6
14.8
28.1
10.1
11.8
14.8
26.9
10.1
11.7
14.5
26.8
10.5
12.1
14.4
23.8
10.3
11.9
14.4
24.4
cin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el

Cuadro 13.1
DISTRIBUCIN DEL INGRESO LABORAL DE LOS OCUPADOS, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011 a/
(En porcentajes)
Pases
Aos
Decil 1
Decil 2
Decil 3
Decil 4
Decil 5
Decil 6
Argentina b/
1990
2.0
3.5
4.4
5.2
6.0
7.0
1994
2.0
3.5
4.3
5.1
6.0
7.2
1997
1.8
3.4
4.3
5.2
6.1
7.2
1999
1.7
3.2
4.2
5.1
6.2
7.4
2002
1.4
2.3
3.4
4.5
5.6
6.9
2004
1.2
2.1
3.4
4.6
5.9
7.1
2005
1.1
2.3
3.6
4.8
6.0
7.3
2006
1.1
2.4
3.7
5.0
6.2
7.5
2009
1.2
2.8
4.2
5.5
6.7
8.0
2010
1.3
3.0
4.4
5.6
6.7
8.1
2011
1.4
3.1
4.5
5.6
7.0
8.2
Bolivia
1989 c/
1.4
2.6
3.4
4.4
5.5
6.7
(Estado
1994 c/
1.5
2.6
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.6
Plurinacional de)
1997
1.2
2.4
3.3
4.2
5.2
6.6
1999
1.0
2.4
3.6
4.7
5.9
7.1
2002
0.9
2.1
3.3
4.4
5.5
6.8
2004
1.2
2.5
3.6
4.6
5.6
6.8
2007
1.1
2.6
3.8
4.9
6.0
7.3
2009
1.3
2.9
4.1
5.3
6.5
7.7
1990
1.0
1.9
2.3
3.3
4.4
5.8
1993
0.9
2.3
2.8
3.3
4.5
5.6
1996
1.3
2.0
2.8
3.7
4.7
5.8
1999
1.2
2.3
3.0
3.8
4.9
6.1
2001
1.2
2.5
3.0
3.9
4.8
5.9
2002
1.1
2.6
3.0
3.9
4.7
5.9
2003
1.1
2.7
3.2
4.0
5.0
6.0
2004
1.2
2.8
3.4
4.0
5.0
6.2
2005
1.2
2.9
3.5
4.2
5.0
6.2
2006
1.2
2.9
3.7
4.1
5.0
6.1
2007
1.3
3.1
3.8
4.3
5.1
6.2
2008
1.3
3.2
3.7
4.4
5.3
6.4
2009
1.3
3.2
3.9
4.4
5.3
6.4
2011
1.7
3.6
4.0
4.7
5.5
6.6
1990
1.7
3.1
3.6
4.2
5.1
6.2
1994
1.7
2.8
3.5
4.2
4.9
6.0
1996
1.6
2.6
3.3
4.1
4.9
6.1
1998
1.6
2.7
3.3
4.1
5.0
6.0
2000
1.4
2.7
3.3
4.0
4.8
5.9
2003
1.5
2.8
3.4
4.1
4.9
5.9
2006
1.4
3.0
3.7
4.3
5.2
6.3
Brasil
Chile
Colombia d/
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
2009
1.7
3.2
3.8
4.4
5.2
6.3
2011
1.7
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.3
6.4
1991
2.0
4.0
5.2
5.7
6.4
7.7
1994
1.0
2.5
3.9
4.5
5.1
6.4
1997
1.7
3.2
4.0
4.6
5.3
6.6
1999
1.4
3.1
4.4
5.4
6.0
6.9
2002
0.9
2.3
3.6
4.9
6.2
6.8
2003
1.0
2.4
3.7
5.2
6.2
7.0
2004
1.0
2.3
3.7
5.1
6.3
7.1
2005
1.1
2.6
3.8
5.3
6.4
7.0
2008
1.0
2.5
3.8
5.2
6.1
7.0
2009
0.9
2.4
3.7
5.2
6.2
7.2
2010
0.9
2.3
3.6
5.0
6.2
7.0
2011
0.9
2.3
3.7
5.1
6.3
7.2
1990
1.8
4.1
5.4
6.3
7.3
8.4
1994
1.9
3.9
5.0
5.8
6.8
7.7
1997
1.8
3.7
5.0
6.0
7.1
8.3
1999
1.6
3.5
4.9
5.8
6.8
7.9
2002
1.4
3.3
4.8
5.7
6.7
7.9
2004
1.4
3.3
4.9
5.9
6.8
7.9
2005
1.3
3.2
4.8
5.9
6.8
7.9
2006
1.2
3.1
4.6
5.6
6.6
7.7
2007
1.4
3.4
4.6
5.4
6.3
7.3
2008
1.5
3.4
4.6
5.5
6.3
7.4
2009
1.4
3.2
4.5
5.3
6.1
7.4
2010
1.1
3.1
4.5
5.5
6.3
7.5
2011
0.9
2.7
4.3
5.3
6.2
7.3
1990
1.6
3.2
4.5
5.5
6.6
8.0
1994
1.6
3.1
4.5
5.4
6.7
7.7
1997
1.7
3.1
4.3
5.4
6.5
7.7
1999
1.2
2.4
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.7
2002
1.4
2.9
4.1
5.0
6.1
7.5
2004
1.3
2.9
4.0
5.1
6.1
7.4
2005
1.2
2.8
3.9
5.1
6.1
7.2
2006
1.4
3.0
4.2
5.2
6.2
7.4
2007
1.2
2.7
3.8
4.7
5.6
6.7
2008
1.3
3.0
4.2
5.3
6.1
7.3
2009
1.4
3.0
4.3
5.5
6.4
7.5
2010
1.4
3.1
4.6
5.6
6.3
7.2
2011
1.5
3.4
5.0
6.1
7.0
8.0
1995
1.5
2.9
4.2
5.4
6.2
7.4
1997
1.5
3.0
4.2
5.1
5.9
7.2
1999
1.3
2.9
4.2
5.2
6.1
7.4
2001
1.2
2.8
4.1
5.0
5.8
7.2
2004
1.4
3.1
4.4
5.4
6.2
7.5
2009
1.3
3.0
4.4
5.6
6.3
7.4
Guatemala
Honduras
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
2010
1.3
3.1
4.6
5.9
6.6
7.8
1989
1.4
2.6
3.6
4.6
5.7
7.1
1998
0.8
2.0
2.9
3.9
5.0
6.1
2002
1.0
2.3
3.4
4.5
5.4
6.6
2006
0.9
2.1
3.1
4.1
4.9
5.9
1990
1.0
2.2
3.2
4.3
5.5
6.7
1994
1.3
2.5
3.8
4.9
5.8
7.0
1997
1.1
2.5
3.8
4.8
5.7
6.9
1999
1.1
2.6
3.9
4.9
5.9
7.1
2002
1.0
2.4
3.6
4.9
6.0
7.4
2003
0.8
2.0
3.3
4.8
6.0
7.3
2006
0.8
2.3
3.8
5.2
6.4
7.6
2007
0.9
2.4
3.9
5.2
6.2
7.4
2009
0.8
2.3
3.7
5.1
6.5
8.2
2010
0.7
2.0
3.5
5.0
6.5
8.3
1989
1.2
2.8
3.6
4.4
5.3
6.4
1994
1.1
2.4
3.3
4.2
5.1
6.2
1996
1.0
2.5
3.5
4.4
5.4
6.5
1998
0.9
2.4
3.3
4.2
5.2
6.4
2000
1.2
2.6
3.6
4.5
5.5
6.6
2002
1.1
2.6
3.6
4.6
5.6
6.8
2004
0.9
2.5
3.6
4.6
5.6
6.8
2005
1.0
2.6
3.6
4.5
5.4
6.5
2006
0.8
2.5
3.7
4.6
5.7
6.9
2008
0.7
2.2
3.5
4.6
5.6
6.8
2010
0.9
2.5
4.0
5.1
6.3
7.5
1993
1.6
2.9
3.9
4.8
5.9
7.1
1998
1.2
2.6
3.4
4.3
5.1
6.2
2001
1.3
2.5
3.3
4.1
4.9
6.0
2005
1.4
2.8
3.8
4.7
5.7
6.8
2009
1.6
3.3
4.5
5.6
6.6
7.7
1991
1.3
2.7
3.9
5.0
6.2
7.6
1994
1.5
3.0
4.3
4.9
6.0
7.3
1997
1.4
2.9
4.1
4.9
6.0
7.2
1999
1.5
3.1
4.5
5.4
6.3
7.4
2002
1.1
2.7
4.1
5.1
5.9
7.1
2004
1.2
3.0
4.5
5.5
6.4
7.6
2005
1.2
2.9
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.8
2006
1.3
3.1
4.6
5.7
6.5
7.7
2007
1.5
3.3
4.7
5.6
6.4
7.6
2008
1.5
3.5
5.0
5.8
6.6
7.6
2009
1.4
3.4
4.9
5.7
6.5
7.6
2010
1.6
3.8
5.4
6.2
6.8
7.8
2011
1.8
4.1
5.3
5.8
6.4
7.3
Paraguay
1990 e/
1.7
2.7
4.0
5.2
6.1
7.0
1994
1.4
2.9
3.9
5.0
5.9
6.7
1996
1.3
2.7
3.9
5.2
6.1
7.2
1999
1.4
3.0
4.4
5.4
6.2
7.3
2001
1.0
2.4
3.7
4.8
5.9
7.0
2004
0.9
2.3
3.5
4.8
6.1
7.5
2005
0.9
2.3
3.6
4.8
6.0
7.4
2007
1.2
2.7
3.9
5.2
6.4
7.7
2008
1.2
3.0
4.3
5.5
6.8
7.9
2009
1.1
2.9
4.5
5.8
7.1
8.4
2010
1.4
3.1
4.5
5.7
6.8
7.7
2011
1.2
2.9
4.1
5.4
6.7
7.4
1997
0.9
2.5
3.9
5.1
6.3
7.5
1999
0.8
2.2
3.5
4.5
5.8
7.2
2001
0.6
1.9
3.2
4.6
5.9
7.3
2003
0.7
1.9
3.1
4.3
5.5
6.7
2007
0.7
2.1
3.5
4.8
6.0
7.3
2008
0.7
2.1
3.6
5.0
6.2
7.5
2009
0.7
2.2
3.6
4.9
6.1
7.5
2010
0.7
2.1
3.6
5.1
6.3
7.6
2011
0.7
2.3
3.9
5.2
6.4
7.7
Repblica
2002
1.7
2.9
3.8
4.6
5.6
6.9
Dominicana
2004
1.3
2.2
2.9
3.5
4.5
5.9
2005
1.4
2.3
3.0
3.8
4.7
6.0
2006
1.3
2.2
2.9
3.6
4.5
5.9
2007
1.4
2.3
3.1
3.8
4.7
6.1
2008
1.4
2.4
3.0
3.8
4.9
6.5
2009
1.4
2.2
2.9
3.6
4.6
6.0
2010
1.4
2.3
3.0
3.8
4.7
6.2
2011
1.5
2.4
3.0
3.8
4.7
6.0
1990
1.1
2.5
3.7
4.7
5.5
6.6
1994
1.3
2.9
4.1
5.3
6.4
7.6
1997
1.2
2.9
4.1
5.2
6.3
7.8
1999
1.3
2.9
4.1
5.2
6.2
7.5
2002
1.0
2.5
3.8
5.0
6.1
7.5
2004
1.0
2.4
3.7
4.9
6.1
7.5
2005
1.0
2.4
3.7
4.9
6.2
7.6
2007
0.9
2.3
3.5
4.6
5.8
7.3
2008
0.9
2.3
3.7
4.9
6.1
7.5
2009
0.9
2.3
3.8
5.0
6.2
7.7
2010
0.9
2.5
4.0
5.2
6.4
7.9
2011
1.0
2.7
4.3
5.5
6.8
8.2
Venezuela
1990
2.2
4.4
5.5
6.4
7.0
8.0
(Repblica
1994
2.1
3.8
4.8
5.9
6.6
7.8
Bolivariana de)
1997
1.5
3.1
4.3
4.9
5.7
6.9
Per
Uruguay
a/ Ocupados del conjunto del pas ordenados segn su ingreso laboral.
ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011 a/

Decil 7
Decil 8
Decil 9
Decil 10
8.8
11.4
16.2
35.4
8.8
11.1
16.2
35.7
8.7
11.3
15.6
36.3
8.8
11.3
15.5
36.6
8.4
11.0
15.4
40.9
8.9
11.5
16.3
38.8
8.9
11.5
16.2
38.4
9.1
11.7
16.0
37.2
9.7
12.3
16.6
33.1
9.8
12.3
16.3
32.6
10.1
12.3
16.4
31.3
8.1
10.7
15.6
41.6
8.3
10.7
15.6
41.3
8.1
10.6
15.8
42.5
8.8
11.7
16.5
38.3
8.1
10.5
15.1
43.2
8.3
10.6
15.2
41.6
9.1
11.5
16.0
37.7
9.4
11.6
15.2
36.1
7.7
10.6
16.4
46.5
7.4
10.0
15.6
47.6
7.7
10.4
16.3
45.5
7.7
10.5
16.2
44.3
7.6
10.4
15.8
45.1
7.5
10.2
16.0
45.0
7.5
10.3
15.8
44.3
7.7
10.4
15.7
43.7
7.5
10.2
15.4
43.9
7.7
10.1
15.7
43.6
7.8
10.3
15.7
42.4
7.8
10.2
15.5
42.1
7.9
10.3
15.3
41.8
8.0
10.4
15.2
40.4
7.6
9.9
14.6
44.0
7.4
9.6
14.0
46.1
7.5
9.8
14.7
45.3
7.4
9.9
14.8
45.1
7.3
9.7
14.4
46.5
7.5
9.9
14.5
45.5
7.9
10.5
15.4
42.2
7.8
10.2
14.8
42.5
8.0
10.4
15.3
40.8
9.2
11.1
15.6
33.0
8.0
10.2
14.4
44.1
7.9
9.9
14.6
42.3
8.4
10.6
15.1
38.7
8.0
10.4
15.3
41.6
8.0
10.4
15.6
40.4
7.9
10.2
15.3
41.1
8.0
10.3
15.0
40.6
8.3
10.6
15.3
40.2
8.4
10.5
15.1
40.2
8.4
10.6
15.5
40.4
8.5
10.6
15.4
40.1
9.8
12.0
15.6
29.3
9.3
12.0
15.6
32.0
9.7
12.0
15.9
30.5
9.3
11.9
16.2
32.1
9.3
11.6
16.1
33.3
9.4
11.5
15.9
32.9
9.4
11.8
16.4
32.5
9.2
11.6
15.9
34.4
8.9
11.2
15.6
35.9
8.9
11.4
15.4
35.5
9.1
11.5
16.0
35.5
9.1
11.6
16.5
34.9
9.0
11.7
16.9
35.7
9.4
11.3
15.1
34.7
9.3
10.9
14.7
36.2
9.0
11.0
15.5
35.9
8.2
10.6
15.1
42.3
8.6
10.8
14.5
39.1
8.9
11.2
15.4
37.6
8.8
11.0
15.1
38.7
9.1
11.3
15.2
37.2
8.1
10.5
14.7
42.1
8.7
11.1
15.3
37.7
8.7
10.9
15.0
37.4
8.4
10.7
14.9
37.7
9.5
11.7
15.8
32.1
9.1
11.4
15.2
36.9
9.0
11.8
15.8
36.5
9.3
12.1
16.6
34.7
9.2
12.1
16.5
35.9
9.3
12.1
16.1
34.3
9.1
11.8
16.2
35.0
9.5
12.1
16.4
32.7
8.8
11.1
14.6
40.5
7.7
10.3
14.8
46.5
8.0
10.3
14.9
43.6
7.4
9.8
14.9
47.0
8.4
11.2
15.5
41.9
8.3
10.4
14.9
41.0
8.5
10.3
14.7
41.5
8.9
11.2
15.9
38.5
9.1
11.5
16.0
38.0
8.9
11.4
15.9
39.7
9.1
11.7
16.0
37.1
9.1
11.6
16.0
37.3
9.3
11.5
16.0
36.6
9.3
11.5
16.3
36.8
7.9
10.1
14.5
43.9
7.8
10.2
15.3
44.4
8.2
10.6
15.1
42.8
8.0
10.6
15.2
43.7
8.1
10.4
15.1
42.4
8.4
11.1
16.1
40.1
8.4
10.7
15.6
41.4
8.0
10.2
14.5
43.7
8.4
11.0
15.8
40.6
8.2
10.4
14.6
43.4
9.1
11.5
16.0
37.1
8.8
10.9
14.9
39.2
7.7
9.8
14.6
45.0
7.4
9.5
13.7
47.3
8.2
10.4
14.4
41.9
9.2
11.4
15.3
34.8
9.4
11.7
16.3
35.9
8.9
11.2
15.6
37.3
8.9
11.2
15.6
37.7
9.0
11.2
15.5
36.1
8.7
10.9
15.2
39.3
9.4
11.8
15.4
35.2
9.5
11.7
15.3
35.0
9.3
11.5
14.9
35.3
9.2
11.5
14.9
35.2
9.0
11.2
14.8
35.0
9.1
11.3
15.0
35.0
8.9
10.7
13.6
35.3
8.5
10.1
12.9
37.7
8.6
10.9
15.9
37.9
8.1
10.3
14.7
41.1
8.6
10.9
15.1
39.1
8.7
10.6
14.4
38.7
8.4
10.6
15.0
41.3
8.9
10.8
14.7
40.4
8.5
10.4
14.4
41.7
8.7
10.4
14.1
39.7
9.2
11.3
15.3
35.6
9.6
11.7
15.7
33.2
9.0
10.8
14.6
36.6
8.6
10.6
14.7
38.4
9.1
11.1
15.1
38.4
8.4
10.4
14.2
43.0
9.0
11.1
15.1
41.4
8.3
10.4
14.7
44.3
8.9
11.2
15.4
40.0
9.1
11.4
15.5
38.8
9.1
11.4
15.7
38.8
9.3
11.6
15.7
38.1
9.3
11.6
15.8
37.0
8.7
11.3
16.3
38.3
8.1
11.5
17.5
42.6
8.1
11.4
17.0
42.3
8.0
11.4
17.4
42.8
8.1
11.1
16.9
42.3
8.7
11.7
17.3
40.3
8.3
11.2
17.1
42.7
8.3
11.2
16.8
42.3
7.9
11.1
17.5
42.1
7.8
9.7
12.9
45.6
9.5
11.9
16.1
35.0
9.4
11.9
16.4
34.9
9.2
11.8
16.2
35.6
9.2
11.8
16.3
36.7
9.2
11.7
16.3
37.4
9.4
11.9
16.6
36.3
9.3
12.0
16.7
37.7
9.3
11.8
16.3
37.3
9.5
12.1
16.4
36.1
9.7
12.2
16.5
34.7
10.0
12.4
16.4
32.6
9.2
11.0
14.8
31.7
8.9
11.2
14.5
34.3
8.6
11.2
16.1
37.8
n de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el
Cuadro 13.2
DISTRIBUCIN DEL INGRESO LABORAL DE LOS OCUPADOS, ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011 a/
(En porcentajes)
Pases
Aos
Decil 1
Decil 2
Decil 3
Decil 4
Decil 5
Decil 6
Bolivia
1997
0.7
1.6
2.6
4.2
4.9
5.1
(Estado
1999
0.4
0.9
1.5
2.4
3.6
5.0
Plurinacional de)
2002
0.4
1.0
1.8
3.0
4.4
5.9
2004
0.5
1.7
2.8
4.2
5.9
7.5
2007
0.3
1.0
1.8
3.2
5.0
7.0
2009
0.5
1.3
2.3
3.7
5.7
8.1
1990
1.1
2.4
3.4
4.4
4.9
6.3
1993
0.8
1.7
2.6
3.7
5.4
5.9
1996
1.3
2.5
3.7
4.4
4.9
6.2
1999
1.4
2.6
3.7
4.8
5.3
6.4
2001
1.2
2.5
3.6
4.8
6.1
6.7
2002
1.2
2.7
3.8
5.2
6.5
6.8
2003
1.1
2.4
3.6
5.0
6.3
6.7
2004
1.1
2.5
3.8
5.0
6.3
6.8
2005
1.1
2.5
3.9
5.2
6.9
7.1
2006
1.0
2.4
3.7
5.0
6.9
7.4
2007
1.1
2.5
3.8
5.2
6.8
7.3
2008
1.1
2.6
3.9
5.6
7.1
7.3
2009
1.1
2.6
3.8
5.5
7.2
7.6
2011
1.1
2.5
3.8
5.4
7.1
7.5
1990
1.4
2.8
3.8
4.3
4.8
5.5
1994
1.8
3.5
4.6
5.2
5.8
6.6
1996
1.6
3.4
4.5
5.1
5.7
6.6
1998
1.7
3.5
4.5
5.2
5.8
6.7
2000
1.4
3.0
4.4
5.2
5.9
6.7
2003
1.5
3.2
4.3
5.1
5.8
6.3
2006
1.5
3.3
4.4
5.0
5.4
6.1
2009
1.9
3.8
5.0
5.7
5.9
6.6
2011
1.7
3.7
5.1
5.6
5.8
6.5
1991
0.7
1.9
3.1
4.4
5.7
6.8
1994
0.4
1.0
2.1
3.5
5.2
7.2
1997
0.9
2.6
4.4
6.2
7.6
8.6
1999
0.8
2.3
3.8
5.4
6.8
8.0
2002
0.8
2.0
3.1
4.3
5.8
7.8
2003
0.8
2.1
3.5
4.9
6.8
8.9
2004
0.9
2.2
3.6
5.0
6.9
8.9
2005
1.0
2.4
3.8
5.3
7.0
8.7
2008
1.0
2.3
3.7
5.2
6.6
8.4
2009
0.9
2.3
3.8
5.3
6.9
8.7
2010
0.8
2.1
3.6
5.1
6.8
8.5
Brasil
Chile
Colombia b/
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Mxico
2011
0.9
2.2
3.7
5.3
6.9
8.8
1990
1.8
4.0
5.7
6.9
7.9
9.0
1994
1.8
3.9
5.4
6.5
7.3
8.3
1997
1.6
3.5
5.0
6.3
7.4
8.7
1999
1.5
3.4
4.9
6.1
7.2
8.2
2002
1.2
2.9
4.4
6.1
7.6
8.9
2004
1.4
3.1
4.7
6.3
7.7
8.9
2005
1.3
3.1
4.7
6.3
7.7
9.0
2006
1.3
3.1
4.6
6.2
7.7
8.9
2007
1.4
3.3
4.9
6.3
7.5
8.7
2008
1.5
3.5
5.2
6.5
7.5
8.6
2009
1.4
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.4
8.5
2010
0.9
2.5
4.2
5.8
6.9
8.2
2011
0.8
2.4
4.1
5.8
7.2
8.5
2004
1.7
3.3
4.5
5.7
7.1
8.5
2005
1.6
3.2
4.5
5.6
6.8
8.1
2006
1.7
3.5
4.7
5.8
6.9
8.2
2007
1.3
2.8
4.2
5.3
6.4
7.8
2008
1.5
3.2
4.6
5.8
6.9
8.2
2009
1.4
3.1
4.5
5.9
7.2
8.5
2010
1.6
3.4
4.9
6.2
7.5
9.0
2011
1.4
3.0
4.5
5.9
7.4
8.8
1995
1.6
3.4
5.0
6.1
6.9
7.8
1997
1.4
3.4
5.3
6.2
7.1
8.3
1999
0.8
2.4
4.3
5.8
6.8
8.3
2001
1.0
2.7
4.2
5.4
6.4
8.1
2004
1.4
3.2
4.7
5.7
7.0
8.5
2009
1.1
2.9
4.5
5.9
7.2
8.7
2010
1.0
2.9
4.5
6.1
7.3
8.9
1989
1.4
2.9
4.1
4.9
5.8
7.3
1998
0.6
1.5
2.6
3.7
4.8
6.0
2002
0.8
2.1
3.4
4.5
6.0
7.9
2006
0.8
2.0
3.0
4.1
5.2
6.5
1990
1.1
2.3
3.4
4.4
5.4
6.5
1994
1.1
2.2
3.3
4.4
5.7
7.3
1997
1.1
2.3
3.6
4.8
6.0
7.2
1999
0.8
2.0
3.3
4.8
6.1
7.1
2002
0.9
2.2
3.5
4.7
5.8
7.2
2003
1.0
2.4
3.6
4.7
5.9
7.5
2006
0.4
1.1
2.0
2.9
4.1
5.6
2007
0.5
1.3
2.2
3.2
4.3
6.0
2009
0.6
1.5
2.4
3.4
4.6
6.0
2010
0.6
1.4
2.2
3.1
4.1
5.4
1989
0.7
1.9
3.2
4.4
5.6
7.0
1994
0.5
1.6
2.9
4.2
5.5
7.1
1996
0.5
1.7
2.9
4.2
5.6
7.0
1998
0.5
1.4
2.5
3.8
5.1
6.4
2000
0.4
1.4
2.5
3.7
4.8
6.1
2002
0.4
1.3
2.5
3.8
5.1
6.7
2004
0.6
1.8
3.2
4.6
5.9
7.5
2005
0.5
1.5
2.9
4.3
5.8
7.3
2006
0.4
1.3
2.6
4.2
5.7
7.3
2008
0.4
1.3
2.4
3.8
5.2
6.7
2010
0.5
1.5
2.8
4.3
6.1
7.9
1993
1.4
3.2
4.7
6.1
7.0
7.3
1998
1.0
2.7
3.9
5.1
5.8
6.8
2001
1.2
3.1
4.4
5.6
6.5
7.5
2005
1.5
3.0
4.0
4.8
6.0
7.3
2009
1.6
3.2
4.5
5.6
6.7
7.9
2002
0.7
1.6
2.5
3.6
5.1
7.2
2004
0.6
1.5
2.4
3.5
5.1
7.6
2005
0.7
1.6
2.6
3.8
5.5
7.8
2006
0.6
1.6
2.6
3.8
5.5
7.7
2007
0.9
2.1
3.2
4.4
5.9
7.7
2008
0.8
1.8
2.9
4.1
5.7
7.7
2009
0.9
2.1
3.2
4.6
6.2
8.0
2010
0.8
1.9
3.0
4.4
6.2
8.1
2011
0.8
1.8
3.0
4.4
6.1
8.1
1999
0.8
1.9
2.8
3.8
5.0
6.6
2001
0.6
1.6
2.6
3.8
5.2
7.0
2004
0.7
1.8
2.8
3.8
5.0
6.3
2005
0.7
1.7
3.0
4.2
5.6
7.4
2007
0.7
1.5
2.4
3.4
4.5
5.6
2008
0.6
1.6
2.6
3.7
4.8
6.3
2009
0.6
1.4
2.3
3.3
4.6
6.0
2010
0.7
1.6
2.5
3.6
4.9
6.3
2011
0.6
1.5
2.4
3.5
4.9
6.3
1997
0.8
2.0
3.3
4.7
6.3
8.0
1999
0.8
1.9
3.2
4.7
6.4
8.2
2001
0.8
1.7
2.9
4.3
5.8
7.7
2003
0.9
2.2
3.4
4.8
6.3
8.1
2007
0.8
1.9
3.1
4.4
5.9
7.7
2008
0.7
1.8
2.9
4.3
5.9
7.8
2009
0.7
1.8
3.1
4.5
6.1
7.9
2010
0.7
1.8
3.0
4.5
6.0
7.8
2011
0.7
1.9
3.0
4.3
5.9
7.7
Repblica
2002
2.3
3.6
4.8
5.9
7.0
8.0
Dominicana
2004
1.7
2.9
3.7
4.6
5.5
6.7
2005
1.6
2.6
3.5
4.2
5.1
6.2
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
2006
1.7
2.7
3.5
4.3
5.1
6.4
2007
1.7
2.8
3.6
4.5
5.5
6.8
2008
1.9
3.1
3.9
4.8
5.7
7.1
2009
1.7
3.0
3.8
4.7
5.7
7.0
2010
1.6
2.8
3.7
4.5
5.6
6.7
2011
1.7
3.0
3.7
4.5
5.5
6.5
2007
1.4
3.1
4.3
5.4
6.4
7.7
2008
1.3
3.1
4.4
5.6
6.6
7.8
2009
1.1
2.8
4.3
5.6
6.8
8.1
2010
1.0
2.7
4.2
5.5
6.8
8.0
2011
1.1
2.8
4.3
5.7
7.0
8.4
Venezuela
1990
2.2
4.1
5.3
6.3
7.6
8.7
(Repblica
1994
1.9
3.3
4.6
5.8
6.7
8.0
Bolivariana de)
1997
1.9
3.4
4.4
5.5
6.3
7.6
Uruguay
a/ Ocupados del conjunto del pas ordenados segn su ingreso laboral.
ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011 a/

Decil 7
Decil 8
Decil 9
Decil 10
7.2
10.1
14.5
49.0
8.4
13.7
19.5
44.6
8.5
12.1
17.5
45.5
9.4
12.6
18.1
37.2
8.6
11.6
16.9
44.7
10.3
13.0
17.1
38.0
8.2
10.9
16.0
42.5
7.2
9.9
14.6
48.3
8.0
10.4
14.8
43.8
8.0
10.4
14.4
43.0
8.1
10.6
14.7
41.6
8.6
10.8
14.8
39.6
8.2
10.6
14.6
41.5
8.2
10.6
14.4
41.2
8.7
10.9
14.7
39.0
8.5
10.8
14.8
39.4
8.5
10.6
14.6
39.6
8.8
11.0
14.9
37.6
8.8
11.2
15.1
37.2
8.8
11.1
14.8
37.9
6.6
8.3
11.7
50.8
7.7
9.5
13.0
42.3
7.8
9.9
13.9
41.5
8.0
9.9
13.4
41.4
7.9
9.7
13.0
42.8
7.5
9.4
13.2
43.7
7.3
9.2
13.1
44.7
7.9
10.2
14.4
38.6
7.8
9.9
13.6
40.3
8.0
9.4
12.0
47.9
9.2
12.1
19.1
40.2
10.2
12.0
14.7
32.8
9.4
10.9
13.5
39.2
10.0
13.1
16.1
36.9
11.2
13.6
16.3
32.1
11.4
14.5
17.4
29.3
10.8
13.5
16.4
31.3
10.7
13.2
16.2
32.7
11.0
13.6
16.8
30.8
10.8
13.6
16.7
32.0
11.0
13.5
16.6
31.1
10.5
11.8
14.7
27.8
9.5
11.3
14.6
31.4
10.1
12.1
15.4
29.8
9.7
11.7
15.2
32.0
10.3
12.1
15.2
31.2
10.4
12.4
15.7
29.5
10.5
12.3
15.3
29.7
10.4
12.2
15.3
30.3
10.0
11.8
14.7
31.5
10.0
11.8
14.7
30.7
9.9
11.8
15.2
31.5
9.7
11.7
15.1
34.9
10.0
12.1
15.6
33.6
9.9
12.2
15.9
31.1
9.7
11.9
15.2
33.4
9.7
11.6
15.0
32.9
9.3
11.0
14.2
37.9
9.5
11.1
14.2
35.0
10.0
11.9
15.0
32.5
10.3
11.8
14.4
30.9
10.1
11.7
14.7
32.4
9.6
12.1
15.2
32.2
10.3
12.2
15.6
30.3
10.5
12.7
16.4
32.0
10.2
12.3
16.1
33.6
10.1
11.8
15.2
32.5
10.5
12.3
15.7
31.2
10.7
12.6
16.0
30.1
9.5
11.7
14.9
37.4
7.5
10.0
14.4
48.8
8.9
11.2
15.0
40.1
8.1
10.2
14.4
45.9
8.0
10.7
15.7
42.7
9.1
11.4
15.3
40.4
8.9
11.2
15.5
39.6
8.9
11.3
16.2
39.7
9.1
11.8
16.4
38.5
9.6
12.8
17.8
34.6
8.0
12.2
18.4
45.3
8.7
12.8
18.8
42.2
8.3
11.9
17.5
43.7
7.5
10.9
16.9
48.0
9.0
11.7
16.4
40.1
8.9
11.6
16.8
40.9
8.7
11.5
16.3
41.6
8.0
10.9
16.6
44.7
7.7
10.4
15.4
47.5
8.6
11.1
16.4
43.9
9.3
11.9
16.4
38.9
9.1
11.6
16.5
40.6
9.1
11.5
15.6
42.4
8.5
11.0
15.1
45.7
9.8
12.5
16.9
37.7
9.0
10.7
14.7
35.7
8.4
10.7
15.2
40.4
9.2
11.5
15.4
35.7
8.8
11.0
15.1
38.5
9.4
11.5
14.8
34.9
9.7
12.5
17.0
39.9
10.1
13.0
18.2
37.9
10.2
13.0
18.1
36.7
10.0
12.6
17.6
38.1
9.8
12.1
16.9
37.0
9.9
12.3
16.9
37.9
10.0
12.6
16.9
35.5
10.5
13.2
17.2
34.7
10.5
12.9
17.2
35.3
8.6
11.0
14.9
44.7
9.0
11.9
15.7
42.6
8.0
10.2
13.6
47.8
9.5
12.0
16.0
39.8
7.1
9.4
12.5
53.0
7.9
10.2
13.5
48.7
7.9
10.3
14.0
49.7
7.8
10.1
13.5
49.0
7.9
10.0
13.4
49.5
9.9
12.7
17.5
34.9
10.2
12.9
17.5
34.2
9.8
12.8
17.5
36.6
10.3
13.3
18.0
32.5
9.7
12.4
16.9
37.1
10.0
12.6
16.9
37.1
10.2
12.9
17.4
35.5
10.0
12.6
17.0
36.6
9.9
12.7
17.0
36.7
9.7
11.6
15.3
31.9
8.4
11.5
17.3
37.7
7.8
11.0
16.8
41.2
8.3
11.4
17.3
39.2
8.6
11.6
16.9
37.7
8.9
11.9
17.7
35.1
8.9
12.1
17.1
36.0
8.7
11.8
17.4
37.2
8.2
10.9
16.0
39.9
9.4
11.6
15.5
35.2
9.3
11.4
15.0
35.4
9.6
11.7
15.3
34.6
9.6
12.0
15.5
34.7
10.2
12.4
16.2
31.9
10.2
11.9
14.9
28.9
9.7
12.0
14.8
33.2
8.9
11.1
15.1
35.8
n de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el
Cuadro 14
INDICADORES DE CONCENTRACIN DEL INGRESO, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 2011
ndices de concentracin
Pases
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
logartmica
Theil
Atkinson
(=0.5)
Atkinson
(=1.0)
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
0.595
0.586
0.614
0.561
0.565
0.508
2.024
2.548
2.510
1.559
2.159
1.541
0.728
0.658
0.776
0.636
0.611
0.511
0.299
0.293
0.322
0.264
0.269
0.223
0.512
0.537
0.556
0.452
0.493
0.413
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
0.627
0.621
0.637
0.640
0.639
0.634
0.621
0.612
0.613
0.605
0.590
0.594
0.576
0.559
1.938
1.881
1.962
1.913
1.925
1.847
1.803
1.708
1.690
1.647
1.561
1.538
1.463
1.373
0.816
0.840
0.871
0.914
0.914
0.943
0.839
0.826
0.840
0.807
0.745
0.808
0.716
0.666
0.324
0.322
0.335
0.341
0.340
0.337
0.320
0.313
0.315
0.307
0.289
0.298
0.277
0.261
0.528
0.520
0.536
0.537
0.536
0.529
0.514
0.502
0.502
0.493
0.473
0.477
0.455
0.435
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
0.554
0.552
0.553
0.560
0.564
0.552
0.522
0.524
0.516
1.261
1.210
1.261
1.302
1.308
1.203
1.065
1.070
1.022
0.644
0.713
0.631
0.654
0.676
0.674
0.568
0.585
0.541
0.255
0.259
0.254
0.261
0.266
0.257
0.228
0.231
0.221
0.422
0.419
0.421
0.430
0.434
0.418
0.381
0.384
0.371
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.531
0.601
0.569
0.572
0.567
0.548
0.553
0.551
0.562
0.553
0.557
0.547
1.157
2.042
1.399
1.456
1.435
1.309
1.306
1.296
1.510
1.409
1.406
1.316
0.638
0.794
0.857
0.734
0.672
0.602
0.625
0.622
0.632
0.614
0.627
0.607
0.241
0.308
0.278
0.275
0.268
0.248
0.254
0.253
0.262
0.254
0.257
0.248
0.398
0.517
0.446
0.450
0.447
0.421
0.425
0.423
0.447
0.433
0.436
0.421
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0.438
0.461
0.450
0.473
0.488
0.478
0.470
0.482
0.484
0.473
0.833
0.868
0.860
0.974
1.080
1.030
0.959
1.031
0.918
0.893
0.328
0.391
0.356
0.395
0.440
0.411
0.399
0.427
0.466
0.427
0.152
0.171
0.162
0.179
0.193
0.185
0.179
0.189
0.194
0.183
0.286
0.309
0.299
0.328
0.349
0.338
0.326
0.342
0.336
0.323
Colombia
Costa Rica
e/
a/
Cuadro 14
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
logartmica
Theil
Atkinson
(=0.5)
Atkinson
(=1.0)
2009
2010
2011
0.501
0.492
0.503
1.055
1.050
1.120
0.474
0.455
0.481
0.204
0.198
0.207
0.358
0.352
0.367
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.513
0.531
0.527
0.540
0.504
0.500
0.495
0.460
1.089
1.190
1.083
1.176
1.049
1.008
0.972
0.855
0.519
0.565
0.711
0.612
0.507
0.502
0.499
0.400
0.217
0.233
0.241
0.243
0.210
0.207
0.204
0.173
0.374
0.397
0.390
0.404
0.363
0.356
0.350
0.310
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
0.507
0.510
0.518
0.525
0.493
0.478
0.454
1.192
1.083
1.548
1.559
1.325
0.932
0.847
0.502
0.512
0.496
0.528
0.449
0.440
0.372
0.213
0.216
0.224
0.232
0.203
0.189
0.168
0.377
0.373
0.416
0.423
0.379
0.333
0.304
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
0.582
0.560
0.542
0.585
1.476
1.182
1.157
1.475
0.736
0.760
0.583
0.773
0.282
0.273
0.239
0.291
0.460
0.428
0.401
0.467
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
0.615
0.560
0.558
0.564
0.588
0.587
0.605
0.580
0.548
0.567
1.842
1.437
1.388
1.560
1.607
1.662
2.332
1.963
1.506
1.592
0.817
0.630
0.652
0.636
0.719
0.695
0.736
0.650
0.581
0.625
0.317
0.258
0.260
0.263
0.288
0.285
0.310
0.282
0.249
0.265
0.515
0.438
0.435
0.451
0.476
0.480
0.539
0.496
0.437
0.458
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
0.536
0.539
0.526
0.539
0.542
0.514
0.516
0.528
0.506
0.515
0.481
1.096
1.130
1.082
1.142
1.221
1.045
1.045
1.125
0.992
1.024
0.919
0.680
0.606
0.591
0.634
0.603
0.521
0.588
0.635
0.527
0.599
0.458
0.248
0.242
0.233
0.245
0.245
0.218
0.227
0.240
0.214
0.227
0.192
0.400
0.400
0.387
0.403
0.411
0.372
0.377
0.395
0.362
0.375
0.335
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
0.582
0.583
0.579
0.532
0.478
1.598
1.800
1.599
1.187
0.979
0.671
0.731
0.783
0.614
0.437
0.270
0.285
0.288
0.241
0.189
0.458
0.481
0.470
0.402
0.337
Pases
a/
Cuadro 14
Pases
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
logartmica
Theil
Atkinson
(=0.5)
Atkinson
(=1.0)
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.567
0.541
0.529
0.540
0.524
0.524
0.523
0.519
0.531
1.691
1.580
1.441
1.580
1.334
1.381
1.265
1.307
1.374
0.616
0.534
0.511
0.548
0.520
0.522
0.522
0.529
0.561
0.266
0.241
0.230
0.243
0.227
0.229
0.226
0.226
0.237
0.466
0.437
0.416
0.437
0.405
0.410
0.398
0.401
0.415
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.558
0.558
0.536
0.528
0.548
0.529
0.512
0.533
0.546
1.570
1.552
1.174
1.211
1.347
1.212
1.229
1.318
1.446
0.659
0.673
0.642
0.598
0.745
0.595
0.527
0.666
0.630
0.264
0.265
0.246
0.237
0.265
0.236
0.220
0.248
0.253
0.452
0.450
0.405
0.401
0.432
0.400
0.388
0.416
0.432
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.532
0.545
0.525
0.530
0.500
0.476
0.469
0.458
0.452
1.348
1.357
1.219
1.152
1.081
0.969
0.916
0.855
0.879
0.567
0.599
0.556
0.567
0.486
0.428
0.414
0.399
0.382
0.238
0.249
0.231
0.233
0.208
0.187
0.181
0.174
0.170
0.414
0.424
0.397
0.394
0.365
0.335
0.325
0.311
0.309
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.537
0.586
0.569
0.583
0.556
0.550
0.574
0.554
0.558
1.247
1.552
1.536
1.597
1.466
1.408
1.493
1.419
1.415
0.569
0.762
0.629
0.692
0.599
0.593
0.677
0.603
0.632
0.236
0.289
0.264
0.279
0.252
0.249
0.273
0.253
0.258
0.404
0.471
0.452
0.468
0.435
0.429
0.455
0.433
0.437
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.456
0.445
0.433
0.422
0.402
0.782
0.772
0.702
0.664
0.601
0.390
0.372
0.354
0.328
0.292
0.170
0.163
0.154
0.145
0.132
0.300
0.291
0.275
0.262
0.240
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
0.471
0.486
0.507
0.498
0.500
0.470
0.490
0.447
0.427
0.930
1.004
1.223
1.134
1.122
0.935
1.148
0.811
0.734
0.416
0.467
0.508
0.464
0.456
0.389
0.472
0.359
0.321
0.183
0.197
0.214
0.202
0.201
0.175
0.200
0.161
0.146
0.327
0.345
0.378
0.363
0.361
0.319
0.360
0.293
0.270
a/
Cuadro 14
a/
Pases
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
logartmica
Theil
Atkinson
(=0.5)
Atkinson
(=1.0)
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.412
0.416
0.394
0.397
0.689
0.673
0.623
0.641
0.295
0.302
0.264
0.275
0.136
0.137
0.123
0.127
0.255
0.254
0.233
0.239
a/
Calculados a partir de la distribucin del ingreso per cpita de las personas del conjunto del pas.
b/
Incluye a las personas con ingreso igual a cero.
c/
d/
e/
Relacin del ingreso medio per cpita entre el decil de ms altos ingresos (decil 10) y los cuadro deciles de menores ingresos (deciles 1 a 4).
Relacin del ingreso medio per cpita entre el quintil de ms altos ingresos (quintil 5) y el quintil de menores ingresos (quintil 1).
A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarr
Cuadro 14
S DE CONCENTRACIN DEL INGRESO, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 2011
a/
Atkinson
(=1.5)
0.674
0.738
0.738
0.600
0.709
0.594
0.664
0.663
0.668
0.663
0.665
0.655
0.647
0.632
0.629
0.621
0.606
0.604
0.586
0.567
0.546
0.537
0.545
0.553
0.556
0.535
0.497
0.501
0.485
0.524
0.684
0.584
0.603
0.579
0.551
0.551
0.549
0.591
0.571
0.571
0.552
0.412
0.428
0.422
0.457
0.491
0.473
0.453
0.475
0.449
0.439
Cuadro 14
a/
Atkinson
(=1.5)
0.485
0.484
0.501
0.495
0.522
0.504
0.523
0.486
0.475
0.466
0.424
0.525
0.492
0.601
0.602
0.552
0.449
0.419
0.590
0.534
0.515
0.590
0.649
0.577
0.571
0.603
0.608
0.615
0.713
0.661
0.584
0.601
0.509
0.511
0.499
0.515
0.530
0.485
0.490
0.513
0.481
0.485
0.448
0.619
0.654
0.620
0.526
0.462
Cuadro 14
a/
Atkinson
(=1.5)
0.618
0.594
0.568
0.597
0.547
0.557
0.533
0.543
0.559
0.601
0.610
0.525
0.529
0.567
0.530
0.529
0.557
0.583
0.553
0.560
0.527
0.513
0.489
0.457
0.442
0.424
0.429
0.536
0.606
0.595
0.614
0.587
0.569
0.589
0.572
0.575
0.402
0.397
0.374
0.358
0.333
0.446
0.528
0.637
0.507
0.507
0.453
0.510
0.409
0.381
Cuadro 14
a/
Atkinson
(=1.5)
0.363
0.358
0.337
0.345
CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
ltos ingresos (decil 10) y los cuadro deciles de menores ingresos (deciles 1 a 4).
con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados
Cuadro 14.1
INDICADORES DE CONCENTRACIN DEL INGRESO, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011 a/
ndices de concentracin:
Pases
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
logartmica
Theil
Atkinson
(=0.5)
Atkinson
(=1.0)
Argentina e/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
0.501
0.515
0.530
0.539
0.578
0.578
0.558
0.549
0.510
0.509
0.492
0.982
1.058
1.143
1.194
1.510
1.443
1.358
1.332
1.135
1.083
0.996
0.555
0.564
0.601
0.667
0.724
0.720
0.658
0.672
0.549
0.559
0.511
0.216
0.224
0.237
0.250
0.282
0.276
0.259
0.255
0.219
0.220
0.204
0.360
0.376
0.396
0.410
0.464
0.452
0.432
0.425
0.377
0.373
0.351
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 f/
1994 f/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
0.537
0.514
0.531
0.504
0.554
0.511
0.499
0.450
1.528
1.004
1.177
1.131
1.286
0.967
0.968
0.818
0.574
0.532
0.572
0.487
0.633
0.530
0.477
0.414
0.243
0.218
0.234
0.208
0.256
0.216
0.203
0.172
0.430
0.368
0.396
0.368
0.425
0.362
0.350
0.303
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
0.606
0.604
0.620
0.625
0.628
0.624
0.612
0.603
0.604
0.596
0.580
0.586
0.569
0.550
1.690
1.651
1.735
1.742
1.777
1.730
1.692
1.610
1.587
1.533
1.445
1.433
1.370
1.255
0.748
0.790
0.814
0.865
0.875
0.911
0.807
0.797
0.811
0.777
0.713
0.788
0.698
0.642
0.300
0.303
0.315
0.325
0.327
0.326
0.310
0.303
0.305
0.296
0.278
0.290
0.269
0.252
0.493
0.490
0.507
0.514
0.517
0.513
0.499
0.487
0.488
0.477
0.455
0.462
0.442
0.417
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
0.543
0.546
0.545
0.552
0.558
0.547
0.517
0.524
0.515
1.204
1.183
1.211
1.267
1.275
1.184
1.048
1.067
1.019
0.602
0.698
0.608
0.630
0.654
0.660
0.553
0.582
0.534
0.244
0.254
0.246
0.253
0.259
0.253
0.223
0.231
0.219
0.407
0.411
0.410
0.421
0.427
0.413
0.375
0.383
0.369
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
0.484
0.579
0.560
0.564
0.544
0.531
0.534
0.531
0.537
0.530
0.878
1.491
1.189
1.312
1.237
1.172
1.162
1.132
1.273
1.212
0.446
0.749
0.871
0.707
0.616
0.556
0.576
0.571
0.571
0.559
0.190
0.284
0.271
0.265
0.247
0.232
0.236
0.234
0.238
0.232
0.329
0.461
0.423
0.432
0.412
0.395
0.397
0.393
0.408
0.398
Colombia
g/
Cuadro 14.1
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
logartmica
Theil
Atkinson
(=0.5)
Atkinson
(=1.0)
2010
2011
0.533
0.525
1.212
1.150
0.572
0.556
0.236
0.229
0.401
0.389
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.419
0.443
0.429
0.454
0.464
0.462
0.459
0.471
0.479
0.465
0.494
0.477
0.493
0.727
0.763
0.779
0.880
0.916
0.924
0.895
0.961
0.899
0.846
1.008
0.935
1.061
0.295
0.351
0.322
0.355
0.398
0.384
0.379
0.404
0.454
0.412
0.457
0.422
0.463
0.137
0.157
0.148
0.164
0.175
0.173
0.171
0.180
0.190
0.177
0.198
0.185
0.200
0.260
0.284
0.277
0.304
0.317
0.316
0.312
0.328
0.330
0.313
0.349
0.329
0.355
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.461
0.479
0.469
0.526
0.513
0.498
0.513
0.507
0.520
0.480
0.485
0.485
0.434
0.823
0.889
0.832
1.075
1.031
0.991
1.070
0.978
1.043
0.915
0.903
0.902
0.727
0.403
0.428
0.409
0.567
0.563
0.485
0.517
0.609
0.550
0.454
0.471
0.471
0.353
0.173
0.184
0.177
0.228
0.222
0.204
0.216
0.220
0.223
0.190
0.194
0.195
0.154
0.306
0.324
0.312
0.381
0.371
0.353
0.371
0.363
0.375
0.331
0.334
0.335
0.277
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
0.466
0.467
0.462
0.477
0.455
0.451
0.424
0.836
0.864
1.002
1.090
0.970
0.763
0.700
0.427
0.428
0.388
0.435
0.379
0.391
0.323
0.180
0.182
0.175
0.190
0.171
0.168
0.146
0.314
0.319
0.324
0.346
0.318
0.296
0.267
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
0.558
0.525
0.525
0.547
1.377
0.997
1.137
1.218
0.640
0.652
0.526
0.657
0.256
0.241
0.223
0.254
0.432
0.384
0.384
0.416
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
0.561
0.533
0.527
0.517
0.533
0.527
0.515
0.494
0.469
0.492
1.397
1.147
1.142
1.138
1.227
1.256
1.262
1.128
0.921
1.053
0.661
0.570
0.578
0.528
0.580
0.548
0.529
0.466
0.422
0.460
0.263
0.233
0.232
0.220
0.237
0.231
0.222
0.203
0.182
0.199
0.440
0.393
0.390
0.380
0.403
0.401
0.390
0.363
0.325
0.354
Mxico
1989
0.530
1.031
0.678
0.244
0.390
Pases
Cuadro 14.1
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
logartmica
Theil
Atkinson
(=0.5)
Atkinson
(=1.0)
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
0.512
0.504
0.507
0.493
0.476
0.493
0.497
0.478
0.487
0.456
0.934
0.900
0.901
0.856
0.800
0.848
0.843
0.809
0.817
0.740
0.543
0.547
0.578
0.500
0.444
0.537
0.582
0.469
0.552
0.413
0.218
0.214
0.219
0.202
0.187
0.206
0.215
0.191
0.204
0.173
0.360
0.353
0.357
0.338
0.318
0.340
0.346
0.322
0.334
0.297
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
0.549
0.551
0.561
0.500
0.443
1.256
1.271
1.230
0.901
0.774
0.595
0.673
0.745
0.546
0.378
0.241
0.256
0.269
0.213
0.164
0.409
0.420
0.428
0.351
0.291
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.530
0.537
0.543
0.499
0.515
0.484
0.480
0.484
0.471
0.466
0.475
0.469
0.485
1.254
1.198
1.304
1.088
1.185
1.038
1.038
1.032
0.916
0.897
0.925
0.887
0.957
0.543
0.642
0.611
0.459
0.499
0.419
0.417
0.438
0.420
0.409
0.432
0.440
0.478
0.228
0.245
0.246
0.202
0.217
0.189
0.188
0.193
0.183
0.179
0.186
0.184
0.198
0.398
0.406
0.417
0.361
0.383
0.344
0.342
0.346
0.325
0.319
0.329
0.322
0.342
Paraguay
1990 h/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.447
0.511
0.493
0.496
0.511
0.498
0.508
0.490
0.468
0.438
0.468
0.487
0.737
1.032
0.916
1.015
1.141
0.992
1.011
0.972
0.869
0.787
0.837
0.979
0.365
0.538
0.515
0.490
0.548
0.511
0.552
0.522
0.413
0.358
0.504
0.501
0.161
0.219
0.205
0.204
0.220
0.208
0.219
0.205
0.179
0.158
0.190
0.202
0.287
0.370
0.346
0.354
0.377
0.355
0.367
0.349
0.318
0.287
0.321
0.347
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.473
0.498
0.477
0.487
0.443
0.421
0.422
0.408
0.406
0.851
0.954
0.903
0.926
0.735
0.665
0.672
0.618
0.627
0.453
0.499
0.465
0.479
0.389
0.341
0.339
0.323
0.314
0.187
0.207
0.192
0.199
0.164
0.148
0.148
0.140
0.138
0.323
0.352
0.332
0.341
0.288
0.264
0.265
0.250
0.249
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
0.535
0.598
1.246
1.652
0.556
0.799
0.232
0.301
0.401
0.488
Pases
Cuadro 14.1
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
logartmica
Theil
Atkinson
(=0.5)
Atkinson
(=1.0)
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.568
0.587
0.564
0.553
0.585
0.559
0.565
1.533
1.648
1.560
1.430
1.557
1.445
1.464
0.622
0.703
0.618
0.601
0.702
0.614
0.647
0.263
0.284
0.260
0.252
0.283
0.257
0.264
0.451
0.475
0.449
0.433
0.469
0.439
0.446
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.492
0.423
0.430
0.440
0.455
0.464
0.451
0.457
0.446
0.433
0.422
0.402
0.812
0.719
0.730
0.764
0.802
0.824
0.798
0.787
0.778
0.708
0.667
0.606
0.699
0.321
0.336
0.354
0.385
0.412
0.383
0.389
0.372
0.352
0.327
0.291
0.227
0.146
0.151
0.158
0.169
0.177
0.167
0.170
0.163
0.154
0.145
0.132
0.349
0.269
0.275
0.286
0.301
0.311
0.298
0.300
0.292
0.276
0.262
0.241
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
0.464
0.478
0.505
0.903
0.968
1.220
0.403
0.451
0.503
0.178
0.191
0.212
0.319
0.334
0.375
Pases
a/ Calculados a partir de la distribucin del ingreso per cpita de las personas de las zonas urbanas.
b/ Incluye a las personas con cero ingresos.
c/ Relacin del ingreso medio per cpita entre el decil de ms altos ingresos (decil 10) y los cuadro deciles de menores ingresos (deciles 1 a 4).
d/ Relacin del ingreso medio per cpita entre el quintil de ms altos ingresos (quintil 5) y el quintil de menores ingresos (quintil 1).
e/ Total urbano, a excepcin de 1990 y 1997 que corresponden a Gran Buenos Aires.
f/ Ocho ciudades capitales de departamento y El Alto.
Cuadro 14.2
INDICADORES DE CONCENTRACIN DEL INGRESO, ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011 a/
Pases
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
Theil
logartmica
Atkinson
(=0.5)
Bolivia
1997
0.637
2.133
0.951
0.348
(Estado
1999
0.640
2.772
0.809
0.345
Plurinacional de)
2002
0.632
2.662
0.799
0.338
2004
0.522
1.305
0.522
0.226
2007
0.599
2.592
0.689
0.303
2009
0.524
1.722
0.508
0.235
1990
0.548
1.266
0.627
0.250
1993
0.589
1.591
0.760
0.292
1996
0.578
1.423
0.727
0.277
1999
0.577
1.357
0.773
0.282
2001
0.581
1.451
0.790
0.289
2002
0.551
1.260
0.692
0.259
2003
0.564
1.401
0.735
0.272
2004
0.552
1.286
0.676
0.259
2005
0.542
1.239
0.658
0.250
2006
0.541
1.282
0.666
0.250
2007
0.563
1.365
0.737
0.271
2008
0.534
1.245
0.603
0.239
2009
0.523
1.234
0.546
0.227
2011
0.532
1.304
0.607
0.240
1990
0.585
1.327
0.874
0.304
1994
0.503
0.888
0.611
0.224
1996
0.491
0.882
0.540
0.210
1998
0.494
0.867
0.590
0.216
2000
0.511
0.957
0.664
0.235
2003
0.507
0.910
0.623
0.228
2006
0.506
0.904
0.614
0.227
2009
0.466
0.836
0.473
0.188
2011
0.478
0.847
0.518
0.200
1991
0.577
1.348
0.965
0.308
1994
0.570
2.047
0.621
0.273
1997
0.488
1.150
0.466
0.200
1999
0.525
1.291
0.626
0.239
2002
0.517
1.103
0.588
0.230
2003
0.462
0.901
0.439
0.183
2004
0.434
0.783
0.364
0.159
2005
0.458
0.849
0.433
0.179
2008
0.485
1.073
0.467
0.198
2009
0.466
0.943
0.419
0.181
2010
0.467
0.929
0.435
0.184
2011
0.459
0.856
0.425
0.178
1990
0.419
0.771
0.301
0.140
1994
0.439
0.786
0.365
0.158
1997
0.426
0.757
0.316
0.145
1999
0.457
0.895
0.377
0.169
Brasil
Chile
Colombia e/
Costa Rica
Cuadro 14.2
Pases
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
Theil
logartmica
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Mxico
Atkinson
(=0.5)
2002
0.481
1.056
0.436
0.189
2004
0.453
0.936
0.360
0.165
2005
0.444
0.860
0.352
0.160
2006
0.454
0.930
0.385
0.171
2007
0.441
0.745
0.382
0.162
2008
0.439
0.766
0.361
0.158
2009
0.465
0.913
0.405
0.177
2010
0.483
1.028
0.455
0.194
2011
0.473
0.989
0.419
0.184
2004
0.431
0.755
0.333
0.151
2005
0.468
0.885
0.466
0.187
2006
0.481
0.795
0.872
0.220
2007
0.484
0.867
0.564
0.205
2008
0.458
0.806
0.455
0.180
2009
0.438
0.777
0.373
0.161
2010
0.420
0.706
0.358
0.150
2011
0.437
0.717
0.383
0.159
1995
0.442
0.961
0.352
0.160
1997
0.423
0.670
0.343
0.148
1999
0.462
1.302
0.381
0.182
2001
0.477
1.329
0.414
0.193
2004
0.456
1.231
0.385
0.179
2009
0.418
0.703
0.326
0.145
2010
0.402
0.642
0.290
0.133
1989
0.513
1.076
0.593
0.225
1998
0.510
0.882
0.697
0.237
2002
0.472
0.813
0.423
0.181
2006
0.526
1.052
0.685
0.244
1990
0.558
1.326
0.692
0.265
1994
0.538
1.309
0.567
0.238
1997
0.504
1.083
0.520
0.213
1999
0.512
1.244
0.516
0.219
2002
0.519
1.072
0.567
0.226
2003
0.508
1.060
0.501
0.211
2006
0.601
2.033
0.760
0.306
2007
0.571
1.661
0.649
0.271
2009
0.540
1.285
0.600
0.244
2010
0.560
1.335
0.663
0.263
1989
0.453
0.769
0.401
0.170
1994
0.451
0.720
0.385
0.165
1996
0.456
0.780
0.398
0.171
1998
0.486
0.846
0.467
0.195
2000
0.553
1.125
0.682
0.260
2002
0.498
0.879
0.528
0.208
Cuadro 14.2
Pases
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
Theil
logartmica
Atkinson
(=0.5)
2004
0.480
0.886
0.518
0.198
2005
0.486
0.932
0.493
0.199
2006
0.466
0.784
0.470
0.187
2008
0.493
0.883
0.526
0.207
2010
0.450
0.799
0.395
0.169
1993
0.536
1.348
0.553
0.225
1998
0.558
1.765
0.598
0.254
2001
0.507
1.372
0.504
0.215
2005
0.497
1.005
0.535
0.211
2009
0.462
0.878
0.417
0.178
2002
0.553
1.411
0.622
0.255
2004
0.545
1.418
0.570
0.245
2005
0.524
1.266
0.510
0.224
2006
0.549
1.483
0.585
0.250
2007
0.528
1.185
0.548
0.230
2008
0.546
1.302
0.618
0.249
2009
0.505
1.022
0.496
0.209
2010
0.511
1.135
0.492
0.214
2011
0.527
1.233
0.524
0.226
1999
0.567
1.476
0.827
0.284
2001
0.524
1.288
0.679
0.245
2004
0.547
1.098
0.828
0.274
2005
0.506
1.127
0.559
0.221
2007
0.599
1.497
1.164
0.338
2008
0.581
1.324
0.927
0.304
2009
0.584
1.445
0.830
0.297
2010
0.586
1.485
0.948
0.310
2011
0.596
1.651
0.834
0.307
1997
0.451
0.868
0.383
0.168
1999
0.427
0.803
0.320
0.149
2001
0.439
0.745
0.380
0.161
2003
0.371
0.506
0.248
0.113
2007
0.425
0.651
0.345
0.149
2008
0.421
0.657
0.339
0.147
2009
0.402
0.591
0.293
0.131
2010
0.403
0.576
0.324
0.137
2011
0.432
0.668
0.366
0.155
Repblica
2002
0.464
0.908
0.399
0.175
Dominicana
2004
0.503
1.133
0.460
0.204
2005
0.542
1.369
0.568
0.240
2006
0.529
1.261
0.513
0.223
2007
0.508
1.167
0.465
0.206
2008
0.494
1.144
0.432
0.197
2009
0.502
1.171
0.455
0.203
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
Cuadro 14.2
Pases
Aos
Gini b/
Varianza
Theil
logartmica
Atkinson
(=0.5)
2010
0.512
1.207
0.476
0.211
2011
0.512
1.169
0.500
0.214
2007
0.405
0.572
0.320
0.137
2008
0.393
0.565
0.297
0.130
2009
0.382
0.495
0.306
0.127
2010
0.384
0.502
0.303
0.127
2011
0.359
0.446
0.245
0.108
Venezuela
1990
0.431
0.724
0.348
0.153
(Repblica
1994
0.460
0.829
0.420
0.178
Bolivariana de)
1997
0.463
0.834
0.410
0.177
Uruguay
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares d
a/
Calculados a partir de la distribucin del ingreso per cpita de las personas de las zonas rurales.
b/
Incluye a las personas con cero ingresos.
Cuadro 15
POBLACIN CON INGRESOS INFERIORES A DISTINTOS PORCENTAJES DE LA MEDIANA DEL INGRESO PER CAPITA
(En porcentajes de la mediana del ingreso per cpita del hogar)
Nacional
Pases
Argentina a/
Aos
Zonas urbanas
40%
50%
60%
70%
40%
50%
de la mediana
de la mediana
de la mediana
de la mediana
de la mediana
de la mediana
1990
13.7
20.5
1994
14.3
21.5
1997
13.5
19.8
1999
15.1
22.2
2002
18.3
24.3
2004
18.4
24.4
2005
17.7
24.0
2006
17.8
23.6
2009
15.7
21.4
2010
14.7
20.9
2011
14.5
20.7
Bolivia
1989 b/
14.9
20.6
(Estado
1994 b/
11.8
18.5
1997
23.3
28.7
32.7
37.2
14.4
20.6
1999
24.5
29.5
33.8
38.6
13.0
20.1
2002
23.1
28.6
32.7
37.0
13.5
19.5
2004
18.5
23.8
29.2
35.2
9.9
17.3
2007
20.6
27.2
33.4
38.3
12.4
21.0
2009
18.8
23.8
29.4
34.9
12.0
17.9
1990
20.5
26.6
32.2
37.5
18.4
25.1
1993
19.6
25.8
31.3
37.2
17.7
23.9
1996
20.6
26.8
31.8
36.7
18.9
25.1
1999
19.7
25.9
31.5
36.6
18.2
24.6
2001
20.3
26.1
31.8
37.0
18.7
25.3
2002
19.1
25.0
31.4
36.5
18.5
24.9
2003
19.5
25.5
31.3
36.7
18.6
24.7
2004
18.8
24.9
31.0
36.6
17.5
24.2
2005
18.2
24.9
30.8
36.3
17.3
23.8
2006
18.1
24.4
30.3
35.6
16.9
23.3
2007
18.6
24.7
30.5
36.3
17.3
23.5
2008
18.2
24.3
30.4
36.0
16.6
23.1
2009
18.3
23.9
30.4
35.9
16.6
22.8
2011
17.9
24.0
30.0
35.3
16.2
22.6
1990
13.3
20.4
27.4
33.6
13.3
20.6
1994
13.2
20.3
27.4
33.8
13.7
20.6
1996
13.7
20.3
27.2
33.7
13.4
20.1
1998
14.4
21.0
27.5
33.9
14.0
20.8
2000
13.6
20.3
27.4
33.9
13.2
20.3
2003
12.6
19.5
26.4
33.3
12.6
19.3
2006
11.6
18.5
25.5
32.5
11.7
18.7
Plurinacional de)
Brasil
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
2009
10.8
17.4
24.5
31.7
10.8
17.3
2011
10.6
16.9
24.1
31.1
10.7
16.8
1991
13.8
20.4
27.0
33.1
11.4
18.1
1994
20.6
26.0
31.5
36.6
15.5
22.2
1997
15.4
21.6
28.2
34.3
14.3
21.2
1999
15.8
21.8
28.2
34.4
15.2
21.6
2002
16.8
22.9
29.4
35.4
14.4
21.0
2003
15.3
21.2
27.8
34.1
13.7
20.5
2004
15.1
21.1
27.7
33.8
13.1
19.7
2005
15.2
21.6
28.0
34.2
13.3
19.9
2008
18.2
24.6
30.4
36.0
16.0
22.4
2009
17.3
23.5
29.9
35.6
15.1
21.8
2010
16.8
23.3
29.4
35.5
14.9
21.6
2011
16.3
22.8
29.1
35.1
14.3
20.9
1990
14.0
19.4
26.3
33.4
12.6
19.7
1994
13.4
19.5
26.0
33.1
12.0
19.2
1997
13.5
19.9
26.5
32.4
12.6
19.4
1999
14.5
20.7
27.1
33.7
13.1
19.1
2002
15.2
21.2
27.8
33.6
13.8
20.2
2004
15.4
21.5
27.8
34.1
14.2
20.9
2005
14.1
20.4
26.6
32.9
13.4
19.9
2006
14.6
20.7
26.9
33.5
13.4
19.9
2007
12.7
18.9
26.0
32.8
11.5
18.6
2008
12.2
18.5
25.1
32.5
12.6
19.7
2009
13.7
20.3
27.0
33.8
14.2
20.7
2010
13.7
20.1
26.4
33.1
12.0
18.6
2011
14.0
21.0
27.4
33.7
14.9
21.7
1990
10.6
17.4
1994
13.3
20.1
1997
12.8
18.2
1999
13.2
18.8
2002
13.0
19.6
2004
15.0
21.3
27.8
34.5
13.1
19.4
2005
15.7
22.0
28.3
33.9
14.3
20.1
2006
13.9
20.3
27.2
33.8
12.6
19.3
2007
13.5
19.5
26.5
32.9
12.3
19.0
2008
14.1
20.6
27.3
33.6
12.5
18.5
2009
13.4
19.7
26.8
33.0
12.5
19.5
2010
13.3
19.6
26.7
32.3
12.7
19.4
2011
13.5
19.4
27.1
34.4
10.5
17.7
1995
15.8
22.0
28.5
34.4
11.6
17.8
1997
16.5
22.9
28.7
35.1
12.4
18.4
1999
18.5
24.2
30.1
35.2
13.4
19.4
2001
18.7
24.4
30.2
35.6
14.2
20.2
2004
15.7
21.3
27.1
33.2
12.7
19.5
2009
14.3
20.3
26.6
33.1
10.3
16.7
Guatemala
Honduras
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
2010
14.0
20.1
26.6
33.0
11.0
17.9
1989
16.7
22.7
28.6
34.4
17.3
23.3
1998
13.1
20.0
28.1
33.9
11.7
18.5
2002
12.8
17.9
25.6
32.4
15.3
23.0
2006
18.4
24.7
30.3
35.4
14.1
19.5
1990
19.4
26.1
32.3
37.1
15.8
22.9
1994
18.3
24.4
30.3
35.3
14.1
20.6
1997
17.1
23.3
29.8
35.6
14.6
20.8
1999
18.9
25.7
31.1
36.6
15.6
22.1
2002
19.5
26.5
32.4
37.3
15.7
22.1
2003
20.3
26.2
32.3
37.5
16.0
22.2
2006
27.0
31.9
35.9
39.8
16.4
22.0
2007
25.5
30.5
35.1
39.3
15.1
21.1
2009
22.1
27.7
32.9
37.5
13.2
19.9
2010
21.7
27.7
32.8
37.4
14.5
20.5
1989
12.9
19.7
25.9
33.1
11.3
17.1
1994
14.4
20.6
27.7
34.7
10.0
17.7
1996
13.5
20.4
27.4
34.0
10.4
17.4
1998
15.8
22.9
28.8
34.9
9.4
17.0
2000
15.8
22.5
28.9
35.2
9.7
17.5
2002
14.0
21.2
27.8
34.6
9.2
15.6
2004
13.2
19.9
26.6
33.0
9.2
16.6
2005
14.7
21.2
27.9
34.4
9.3
16.7
2006
12.6
19.5
26.4
33.1
8.8
16.1
2008
13.5
19.9
26.9
33.3
9.4
16.1
2010
12.7
19.2
25.9
32.6
8.6
15.5
1993
21.8
27.4
32.2
37.9
17.9
23.3
1998
21.8
26.8
32.5
37.1
16.3
22.6
2001
17.5
23.8
29.6
35.0
14.6
20.9
2005
15.4
22.6
28.7
34.4
11.6
17.9
2009
15.3
21.9
27.9
34.5
11.4
17.8
1991
15.7
22.0
1994
15.8
22.1
1997
15.9
22.5
1999
14.8
21.7
2002
21.3
26.6
32.1
37.0
15.8
22.3
2004
21.4
27.2
32.1
36.9
14.7
21.1
2005
19.7
25.6
31.4
36.4
14.7
21.2
2006
20.9
26.6
31.8
36.9
14.7
21.0
2007
19.8
25.9
31.4
36.5
13.6
19.9
2008
19.9
25.4
31.5
36.7
12.5
19.6
2009
18.9
24.8
30.4
35.8
12.4
18.6
2010
19.7
25.4
30.4
36.0
11.8
18.3
2011
20.2
25.6
31.3
36.0
13.0
19.1
Paraguay
1990 d/
9.8
16.4
1994
12.7
18.9
1996
10.9
17.9
1999
20.1
25.4
30.6
36.0
11.5
18.3
2001
18.8
25.3
31.4
36.2
13.4
19.0
2004
15.1
20.8
27.7
33.9
12.8
19.2
2005
15.3
21.1
27.6
33.4
11.8
18.9
2007
16.7
21.8
28.9
34.6
12.0
19.3
2008
16.9
23.0
29.4
34.5
12.4
18.8
2009
18.3
24.5
29.4
34.4
12.7
18.2
2010
18.0
24.4
29.5
35.2
12.5
18.1
2011
18.6
24.4
30.4
36.2
13.6
19.5
1997
19.1
25.5
31.4
36.4
11.7
17.3
1999
17.9
23.6
29.3
35.2
10.1
16.6
2001
17.6
23.9
29.8
35.3
11.9
18.2
2003
15.7
22.7
29.0
35.2
11.6
17.6
2007
17.8
24.2
29.7
35.3
9.7
15.8
2008
16.2
22.3
28.6
34.6
9.8
16.3
2009
15.1
21.8
28.1
34.3
9.8
15.8
2010
14.9
21.3
27.5
33.8
8.8
14.4
2011
15.8
22.0
28.0
33.9
9.3
15.7
Repblica
2002
16.3
22.1
28.1
33.9
14.8
20.5
Dominicana
2004
18.5
24.6
30.2
35.9
18.5
24.6
2005
19.1
25.4
31.1
36.8
19.4
25.9
2006
19.1
25.3
30.9
37.0
18.5
24.6
2007
17.9
24.2
30.5
36.2
17.8
23.6
2008
19.1
25.0
30.8
36.5
19.1
24.7
2009
17.9
24.3
30.0
35.7
18.5
23.9
2010
18.5
25.2
30.6
36.4
18.0
24.2
2011
16.7
23.3
29.8
35.4
17.4
24.4
1990
10.5
17.4
1994
11.7
18.2
1997
11.8
18.7
1999
12.3
19.0
2002
12.2
19.6
2004
12.7
19.5
2005
12.8
19.9
2007
12.1
19.1
26.2
33.0
12.5
19.5
2008
12.1
18.7
25.4
32.5
12.4
19.0
2009
10.8
17.4
24.2
31.5
11.3
17.9
2010
9.8
16.6
23.7
31.0
10.1
16.9
2011
9.2
15.8
23.3
30.5
9.6
16.2
Venezuela
1990
14.0
20.1
26.8
33.1
13.3
19.5
(Repblica
1994
13.6
20.2
26.4
33.8
12.0
18.9
Bolivariana de)
1997
15.1
21.6
28.2
34.4
14.8
21.2
1999
15.5
21.6
28.5
34.4
Per
Uruguay
2002
16.1
22.4
28.5
34.7
2004
14.5
20.9
27.3
33.3
2005
16.3
22.4
28.3
34.4
2006
12.9
19.3
25.8
32.2
2007
11.8
18.1
25.5
32.0
2008
11.8
17.8
24.9
31.8
2009
11.9
18.4
25.2
32.4
2010
11.5
17.2
24.1
31.1
2011
11.2
17.5
24.1
31.5
a/ Total urbano, excepto 1990 y 1997 que corresponden a Gran Buenos Aires.
b/ Ocho ciudades capitales de departamento y El Alto.
c/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarro
(DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (M
d/ rea metropolitana de Asuncin.
Sin informacin.
o 15
EDIANA DEL INGRESO PER CAPITA, SEGN ZONAS GEOGRFICAS, 1990 - 2011
el ingreso per cpita del hogar)
Zonas urbanas
Zonas rurales
60%
70%
40%
50%
60%
70%
de la mediana
de la mediana
de la mediana
de la mediana
de la mediana
de la mediana
26.6
33.2
28.1
34.3
27.1
33.6
28.6
33.9
31.0
36.2
30.3
35.8
29.8
35.8
29.9
35.6
27.6
33.4
27.3
33.5
27.2
33.0
27.5
34.2
25.5
32.1
26.8
33.6
19.1
24.5
30.6
36.4
26.3
32.5
27.7
32.4
37.4
41.0
26.5
33.8
27.1
32.4
36.6
40.9
24.8
31.9
18.7
23.5
29.9
35.6
27.2
33.3
24.7
28.9
33.3
36.9
25.3
31.7
25.6
30.0
34.7
38.4
30.8
36.4
15.3
22.0
28.8
35.1
30.4
35.9
18.5
24.4
31.0
36.2
30.9
36.9
18.8
25.3
31.2
36.5
30.2
36.3
17.1
23.8
30.3
36.0
30.9
36.1
18.2
24.7
31.2
37.2
30.6
36.5
16.3
22.8
29.7
36.2
30.8
36.0
17.6
24.0
30.3
36.1
30.2
35.8
16.6
23.4
29.6
35.5
30.1
35.2
16.7
23.1
29.8
36.0
29.7
35.3
17.6
24.2
30.5
36.4
29.8
35.1
17.3
23.7
30.5
35.9
29.0
35.3
17.2
23.5
30.1
36.1
29.0
35.0
17.3
24.1
30.3
35.9
28.6
35.0
18.8
24.4
31.0
36.4
27.5
34.0
12.6
18.2
24.9
31.8
27.9
33.8
9.0
15.2
22.1
29.0
27.1
33.7
9.4
15.8
23.1
30.4
27.4
33.8
10.3
16.9
24.0
31.9
27.3
33.3
11.0
17.0
23.9
31.4
26.6
33.1
10.0
15.6
22.8
30.1
25.6
32.3
9.1
15.0
22.2
29.8
24.3
31.8
9.8
15.7
23.2
30.7
23.8
30.9
9.1
15.1
22.1
29.4
24.9
31.9
14.4
20.0
26.6
33.1
28.9
34.8
22.9
27.6
33.2
37.8
28.3
34.5
16.6
22.5
28.4
34.0
28.2
34.1
15.3
20.8
26.5
32.7
27.7
33.9
14.9
21.5
27.9
33.8
27.1
33.8
13.8
19.9
26.4
32.6
27.0
33.5
13.4
19.8
26.4
33.4
26.7
33.4
13.2
19.0
25.9
32.4
28.7
34.8
16.3
22.3
27.8
33.8
28.5
34.3
14.1
20.2
26.4
32.6
28.0
34.5
14.1
20.1
26.5
33.2
26.9
33.8
13.1
19.4
25.5
32.6
26.6
33.0
14.2
19.5
24.9
30.9
26.8
33.4
12.8
19.0
25.9
32.2
26.6
33.8
13.1
19.0
26.5
33.3
27.3
33.2
14.5
20.3
26.4
32.9
27.1
33.6
17.1
22.4
27.5
33.8
27.2
33.4
15.4
21.3
26.4
32.8
26.0
32.6
14.4
20.2
26.8
32.8
26.7
33.4
15.0
20.5
27.7
33.0
25.6
31.5
12.1
18.1
25.1
31.4
27.4
34.9
12.0
17.5
23.9
30.5
27.3
32.9
13.4
18.9
25.1
31.2
25.3
31.9
14.2
20.1
26.1
32.6
27.4
33.8
13.7
19.0
25.8
31.9
24.1
30.7
25.9
31.3
25.6
32.2
25.9
33.1
26.2
31.9
26.5
32.8
12.0
19.6
27.0
32.7
27.6
34.3
14.1
20.5
27.0
33.7
26.9
33.6
11.7
18.3
24.9
31.5
26.0
33.0
12.3
18.5
25.2
31.3
25.3
31.9
11.5
17.1
24.6
31.7
25.9
33.2
12.9
18.4
25.3
31.5
25.9
32.3
11.5
17.2
25.0
31.4
25.4
32.0
11.6
18.4
24.3
31.0
24.2
31.2
15.4
21.0
26.3
31.9
25.2
31.9
12.5
20.0
25.8
32.1
27.0
34.0
18.5
23.2
28.8
34.8
27.1
33.5
19.4
24.8
30.1
35.1
26.9
33.1
17.1
22.6
28.4
34.8
23.7
30.6
13.4
19.2
25.9
32.5
25.0
31.8
11.9
19.1
26.5
33.2
30.0
36.3
15.3
21.2
27.2
33.0
25.4
31.6
8.9
15.6
23.0
30.0
30.2
34.6
9.5
15.4
21.6
28.5
26.9
33.6
13.7
21.0
28.1
34.6
29.3
35.4
15.6
21.6
26.7
33.9
27.8
34.8
17.4
24.2
30.2
35.7
26.9
31.6
14.3
20.3
27.0
33.1
28.1
33.7
16.1
22.6
29.6
35.7
28.7
34.5
12.8
19.3
26.6
33.4
28.6
35.1
15.7
21.6
28.5
34.6
28.3
34.1
22.7
28.9
34.0
39.1
27.2
33.5
20.6
27.3
33.4
38.5
26.5
32.9
17.3
24.4
30.8
36.4
27.2
34.4
16.7
23.7
30.0
36.5
24.7
32.1
10.9
17.2
24.8
32.0
24.8
32.2
8.9
16.8
24.6
32.6
24.6
31.6
11.2
17.2
23.7
30.2
23.8
30.8
9.0
16.0
23.8
32.2
24.8
31.8
12.5
19.1
26.8
33.8
23.4
31.0
10.1
16.6
23.1
30.0
23.1
30.9
12.1
18.1
25.0
32.2
23.3
30.4
12.9
19.2
26.1
32.9
23.8
31.3
11.6
18.2
24.8
31.3
23.7
30.9
11.2
17.7
24.8
31.8
22.8
30.5
12.3
18.5
25.4
32.4
28.6
34.4
17.8
24.1
29.9
36.0
28.3
34.3
22.6
27.8
32.9
37.8
28.1
35.0
19.5
24.1
30.1
34.7
24.7
31.6
14.2
20.4
25.9
32.7
23.7
29.6
14.5
19.4
25.9
33.1
28.5
35.1
28.3
35.0
28.4
34.9
28.6
34.5
29.1
35.3
19.8
25.3
32.3
37.2
28.1
34.3
20.4
26.4
31.7
37.3
27.4
34.1
19.9
25.9
31.0
36.1
27.8
33.7
20.9
27.2
32.4
37.3
26.5
33.4
15.2
22.9
29.3
35.0
26.7
32.8
19.8
27.0
32.3
37.7
25.4
32.7
13.9
21.0
27.4
33.6
24.7
31.6
18.2
24.6
30.7
36.4
25.7
32.0
17.8
25.9
31.2
36.9
23.5
31.7
25.2
31.0
25.5
33.5
26.3
32.7
18.9
24.3
30.4
36.2
24.4
31.7
16.4
21.7
27.4
32.9
26.1
33.4
13.4
19.4
26.3
32.2
23.8
30.5
16.8
21.6
28.1
34.3
26.1
31.7
18.8
24.8
29.8
34.4
25.7
32.3
14.6
21.6
27.8
34.6
25.6
33.3
16.9
23.0
29.1
35.8
25.1
31.5
18.6
23.3
29.1
35.1
26.7
32.4
19.9
24.9
30.3
36.4
24.4
31.4
15.1
21.9
27.0
33.5
23.5
31.1
14.1
20.5
28.3
34.0
25.0
31.7
12.8
19.5
25.8
32.1
24.3
31.0
8.3
14.8
21.6
28.5
22.8
30.0
8.8
15.4
22.7
30.8
23.7
30.9
10.0
16.7
24.1
31.3
23.4
30.6
9.3
15.6
22.8
30.6
21.7
28.9
8.9
15.3
22.6
30.1
22.8
29.5
9.2
16.1
23.7
31.3
26.4
32.7
16.2
22.7
27.3
32.9
30.7
36.5
17.5
23.6
29.6
34.9
31.9
37.0
18.0
24.3
30.1
36.1
31.4
37.7
19.3
25.3
31.5
36.8
29.6
35.2
17.4
23.4
29.8
34.9
30.7
35.8
17.4
24.4
31.3
36.1
30.4
35.1
17.1
23.3
28.3
34.8
30.2
36.4
17.8
24.8
31.5
37.4
30.8
35.7
16.5
22.7
28.6
33.7
24.2
31.0
24.6
31.6
25.5
32.3
25.7
32.2
26.4
33.0
26.4
33.4
26.3
32.8
26.5
33.3
8.9
14.6
22.2
29.0
25.7
32.7
8.7
14.4
20.9
28.2
24.7
31.9
7.1
12.2
18.0
26.5
24.0
31.2
6.1
11.3
19.0
27.6
23.7
30.8
6.7
11.4
18.1
25.5
25.8
32.0
11.4
18.2
25.7
31.6
25.6
33.0
11.6
17.7
24.3
31.3
28.0
34.4
12.8
19.7
26.3
33.1
evos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadstica

de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Indicadores del mercado de trabajo
Cuadro 16
TASA DE PARTICIPACIN DE HOMBRES Y MUJERES EN LA ACTIVIDAD ECONMICA, SEGN TRAMOS DE EDAD, TOTA
Edad
Pas
Ao
Hombres
TOTAL
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
TOTAL
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
82
81
83
83
82
81
60
59
64
64
61
56
94
94
94
95
94
96
99
98
98
98
99
97
83
82
85
85
82
83
60
62
62
64
62
63
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
84
85
82
82
81
81
81
81
81
81
80
80
80
78
81
81
75
75
73
73
73
73
75
73
72
72
71
67
96
96
95
95
95
94
95
95
95
94
94
95
95
93
95
95
94
94
94
94
93
94
94
94
93
94
94
93
63
66
63
64
63
63
63
63
63
64
63
63
62
61
44
53
51
54
54
56
56
57
58
58
58
58
58
55
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
74
76
75
75
73
73
73
71
70
51
52
47
46
41
42
43
43
42
94
94
94
93
92
92
92
91
90
95
96
96
96
96
96
95
94
94
58
62
62
64
64
64
65
62
63
33
36
37
39
40
42
43
42
43
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
85
83
81
81
82
82
81
81
79
81
81
82
71
67
62
64
67
67
64
63
58
61
62
64
97
97
96
97
97
96
96
96
95
96
97
97
98
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
96
97
97
97
76
72
72
71
70
71
70
69
68
71
72
72
44
44
45
50
54
55
53
52
51
54
56
57
Costa Rica
1990
83
74
96
96
65
33
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
81
81
82
79
79
80
79
80
78
77
76
77
70
69
68
63
62
61
62
64
60
58
57
57
96
96
96
97
96
97
96
96
96
96
95
95
96
96
96
96
96
97
96
96
97
96
95
96
60
62
65
64
63
66
66
67
66
64
63
65
34
36
39
41
40
44
44
45
45
45
43
46
Cuba a/
2002
2006
2007
2008
65
67
67
68
40
39
41
43
82
88
89
89
86
93
93
94
47
48
47
48
35
40
41
41
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
84
84
85
83
82
80
78
78
66
66
69
64
62
60
55
54
97
97
97
96
96
95
94
95
98
98
98
98
98
98
97
98
79
79
81
81
78
76
75
75
56
55
56
54
52
51
48
48
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
82
79
79
79
77
79
79
70
65
66
67
63
63
61
95
95
94
93
93
95
95
96
96
95
95
95
96
96
75
73
70
70
66
71
71
42
41
45
44
44
46
46
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
90
88
91
88
82
79
85
80
98
97
96
97
98
98
98
98
84
84
86
84
28
46
49
47
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
87
86
88
87
85
84
83
83
82
82
78
76
80
78
75
74
69
70
72
71
96
95
97
98
96
95
95
95
93
92
97
97
97
97
97
96
97
97
93
93
81
80
81
81
80
80
79
80
80
79
32
35
41
44
38
40
40
40
42
43
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
79
84
84
64
71
68
94
97
98
94
97
97
73
75
75
30
36
40
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
83
84
82
82
82
82
81
81
69
67
65
66
63
65
65
64
97
97
96
97
96
97
96
96
98
97
98
97
97
97
97
97
75
76
76
72
73
75
71
70
41
40
43
43
45
49
45
44
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
77
85
86
84
83
62
77
79
74
70
89
95
97
95
95
91
94
96
95
96
70
77
77
79
76
36
43
46
44
44
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
80
81
80
80
79
82
81
80
79
63
64
63
62
62
67
65
63
59
97
97
97
97
96
98
97
98
97
97
97
97
97
97
98
97
97
97
67
68
67
67
66
69
69
69
66
45
47
47
46
47
47
48
48
46
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
85
85
87
86
85
85
85
83
82
73
76
77
74
73
73
77
71
69
96
96
96
96
96
97
96
96
96
96
97
97
97
97
97
96
97
97
80
77
79
79
78
78
76
75
75
48
53
58
56
55
55
56
54
55
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
84
78
79
80
84
84
84
83
82
69
61
61
64
68
68
68
67
66
96
91
92
91
95
94
94
94
93
97
94
95
95
97
97
97
97
97
82
76
75
76
79
80
81
80
79
64
58
59
61
66
66
66
67
65
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
75
75
74
74
74
75
73
72
73
54
54
53
53
55
56
50
50
53
91
92
90
90
89
90
90
89
90
94
94
93
93
92
93
93
92
91
68
66
65
67
66
66
66
65
67
39
39
39
40
40
40
39
41
43
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
75
75
75
75
76
64
61
61
61
62
96
95
96
95
96
97
96
97
97
97
58
59
60
59
60
54
54
55
55
57
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
79
81
83
84
84
82
81
81
80
80
79
79
79
59
62
66
67
67
63
60
59
58
58
57
56
55
93
94
96
97
97
96
96
96
95
95
94
95
95
96
96
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
74
71
73
75
74
76
74
73
72
72
72
71
71
35
37
46
48
55
54
52
51
50
51
51
51
51
a/ Oficina Nacional de Estadstica (ONE) de Cuba, sobre la base de tabulaciones de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacin .
SEGN TRAMOS DE EDAD, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 2011
dad
Mujeres
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
46
48
46
48
44
45
66
67
72
69
69
72
73
75
75
78
77
76
56
61
58
64
62
62
47
52
50
52
51
53
53
54
56
55
55
54
54
51
54
62
63
67
67
69
70
71
73
73
73
73
74
72
52
63
62
66
66
68
69
70
71
71
71
71
72
70
22
33
30
33
33
33
34
34
36
36
35
36
36
33
27
30
28
30
27
30
30
30
29
44
46
50
54
55
58
61
64
65
42
46
48
50
53
56
59
59
63
18
21
22
23
24
27
29
28
29
40
40
38
44
49
49
46
44
39
43
44
45
57
58
61
66
68
70
68
67
67
70
73
73
52
53
56
63
67
68
67
66
66
70
72
73
25
23
23
26
31
34
33
32
32
36
38
40
35
41
39
13
35
34
37
35
33
36
37
39
38
36
34
36
42
47
48
54
53
57
57
60
62
62
62
66
43
46
49
53
54
57
57
56
57
58
58
59
14
18
19
22
21
24
25
26
26
27
26
28
19
27
31
31
46
55
58
59
54
61
62
62
18
19
20
20
48
44
45
42
40
39
34
30
67
66
68
64
63
63
63
65
68
67
68
67
65
65
62
63
44
45
46
45
42
43
40
40
32
29
34
33
32
32
31
55
55
59
59
59
61
60
57
56
59
61
59
63
62
29
28
31
32
30
34
35
28
41
45
41
32
49
54
54
32
55
59
57
22
38
39
39
26
29
35
36
30
31
31
28
30
31
39
44
50
52
46
49
49
51
51
53
42
43
51
57
49
53
52
52
56
58
25
24
32
34
29
31
32
33
36
38
26
33
36
38
44
48
35
43
49
21
25
28
38
34
34
35
35
39
37
34
48
48
52
53
54
59
55
55
49
52
55
55
57
61
58
57
31
27
32
30
33
37
32
30
24
31
36
32
30
47
56
55
53
55
51
56
61
59
60
26
31
36
34
34
34
35
36
33
34
34
34
33
29
61
61
61
61
62
62
63
63
60
61
64
64
63
65
65
65
65
64
24
27
29
29
30
31
34
33
31
39
46
48
44
43
46
50
44
47
59
64
71
69
68
65
67
66
68
60
64
71
69
69
67
67
67
68
38
42
47
47
44
44
45
42
43
55
50
47
51
54
55
55
55
53
73
68
69
70
75
75
75
75
75
76
69
72
74
80
78
80
80
80
53
48
48
50
56
57
58
60
57
29
29
28
29
29
29
26
29
30
54
52
51
55
55
52
53
57
59
54
55
55
57
56
57
56
58
62
22
23
23
24
23
24
24
27
28
46
45
45
45
46
76
78
79
79
81
77
78
78
80
80
35
36
36
36
37
23
25
34
36
42
39
35
33
32
32
31
30
30
48
49
59
61
69
69
66
65
64
65
66
66
67
49
50
61
64
71
71
69
69
68
70
71
71
71
20
20
28
30
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
36
ncuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
Cuadro 16.1
TASA DE PARTICIPACIN DE HOMBRES Y MUJERES EN LA ACTIVIDAD ECONMICA, SEGN TRAMOS DE EDAD, ZONAS URBA
Edad
Pas
Hombres
Ao
TOTAL
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
TOTAL
15 a 24 aos
Argentina a/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
76
74
76
74
72
75
75
75
74
74
75
62
60
61
53
48
55
54
53
51
50
50
97
97
97
94
93
94
94
94
93
94
94
97
97
97
97
96
97
97
96
96
96
96
55
53
59
59
60
62
63
63
61
61
62
38
40
45
44
46
50
50
50
49
48
48
41
39
44
36
35
40
37
38
34
33
32
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 b/
1994 b/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
73
75
75
75
77
79
77
77
47
50
48
49
51
58
50
49
90
92
92
93
93
93
93
94
97
98
98
98
98
97
99
96
65
65
73
72
75
76
74
78
47
51
51
54
57
58
55
58
35
37
35
40
39
41
35
40
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
82
83
80
80
79
80
79
79
80
79
79
79
79
77
78
77
72
72
70
71
70
71
72
71
70
70
70
66
96
96
94
95
94
94
94
95
95
94
94
95
94
93
95
95
94
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
94
93
59
60
59
59
59
60
59
59
59
60
59
60
59
58
45
50
50
53
53
55
55
56
57
57
57
57
58
55
48
51
50
51
52
53
53
55
57
56
56
56
56
52
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
72
75
74
75
73
73
73
71
70
47
49
44
44
39
40
43
42
41
94
94
95
93
92
92
92
91
89
95
96
96
97
96
96
96
95
94
56
62
62
64
64
64
66
63
64
35
38
39
41
42
45
45
44
45
29
32
29
30
28
31
31
31
29
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
81
79
78
79
80
80
79
78
77
79
62
58
55
59
61
62
60
58
54
58
97
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
95
96
97
97
97
96
96
97
96
96
96
97
69
65
65
64
66
67
67
65
65
67
48
48
50
55
57
58
56
56
55
58
44
43
42
48
51
51
48
46
43
46
Cuadro 16.1
Edad
Pas
Hombres
Ao
TOTAL
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
TOTAL
15 a 24 aos
2010
2011
79
80
58
60
96
96
97
97
69
69
59
60
47
48
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
78
76
77
79
77
78
78
78
78
76
75
75
77
62
59
60
61
57
59
56
57
61
56
54
54
54
96
94
96
95
97
96
97
96
96
96
95
96
95
95
96
96
96
97
97
98
96
96
97
96
95
96
61
57
58
65
62
62
67
66
66
64
62
62
66
39
40
42
45
46
45
48
48
49
50
49
48
50
39
35
33
40
37
35
39
40
42
42
39
38
40
Cuba c/
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
71
71
69
68
68
68
67
67
68
48
45
40
38
38
38
38
41
42
91
90
90
89
88
88
88
88
88
94
94
93
93
93
93
92
93
93
50
51
50
50
50
49
49
48
49
44
44
47
46
43
42
43
44
44
28
26
23
25
25
27
29
33
33
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
80
81
81
82
81
81
81
82
81
80
78
76
77
56
59
58
64
60
59
60
62
57
57
55
49
51
95
96
97
97
96
96
97
96
95
95
95
93
95
98
98
98
98
98
99
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
78
75
75
76
74
76
76
77
78
76
74
72
72
43
47
49
54
53
54
54
55
54
53
52
49
50
33
39
38
45
40
44
40
40
40
39
38
32
30
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
78
75
75
75
74
76
75
61
54
58
57
55
53
52
95
95
93
93
92
94
94
96
97
95
95
95
96
97
68
66
63
64
61
66
67
49
48
52
51
51
52
52
36
33
38
35
36
35
35
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
84
82
85
85
69
66
75
71
97
95
95
97
97
97
97
98
78
77
78
79
43
54
58
55
42
47
54
48
Honduras
1990
1994
81
80
66
64
95
93
97
96
73
73
43
43
35
35
Cuadro 16.1
Edad
Pas
Hombres
Ao
TOTAL
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
TOTAL
15 a 24 aos
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
83
82
79
79
76
76
76
74
70
67
63
63
56
57
57
57
96
97
94
94
94
94
92
91
98
96
96
94
96
95
91
92
74
78
74
73
72
73
74
70
51
54
47
50
48
47
49
50
43
45
38
40
37
33
35
37
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
76
81
80
81
82
80
81
80
81
80
79
57
63
60
61
62
59
61
60
61
61
59
94
97
97
96
97
96
97
96
96
96
96
94
97
97
98
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
67
69
68
71
71
70
69
69
71
68
68
33
38
41
43
42
45
47
47
51
48
47
30
34
36
39
36
37
38
37
40
38
36
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
71
81
83
79
77
50
66
72
64
59
86
95
96
94
94
89
95
95
94
95
66
74
73
73
69
44
51
52
50
51
26
36
40
38
34
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
72
77
78
77
77
78
78
77
76
79
79
78
78
52
59
60
61
58
60
58
55
57
61
59
58
56
95
97
96
97
97
96
97
96
96
97
97
98
97
96
97
97
96
96
97
97
97
97
98
97
97
97
48
54
59
58
59
62
61
60
58
64
65
64
61
48
49
50
50
51
51
51
50
50
51
52
51
50
39
40
40
42
39
39
39
37
36
37
37
36
31
Paraguay
1990 d/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
84
86
86
83
81
83
82
81
83
83
81
79
69
75
78
68
68
69
65
66
67
71
65
62
97
98
98
97
95
96
96
95
97
96
96
95
99
98
97
95
96
97
97
97
98
96
97
97
75
71
73
73
70
74
72
73
73
73
71
70
50
53
58
54
57
60
59
56
57
58
57
57
51
53
54
46
51
51
49
45
51
54
47
50
Per
1997
1999
82
74
64
54
95
89
97
92
76
68
62
55
54
50
Cuadro 16.1
Edad
Pas
Hombres
Ao
TOTAL
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
TOTAL
15 a 24 aos
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
75
75
81
81
81
81
80
56
57
63
64
63
64
63
89
89
95
93
93
93
93
93
93
97
97
97
96
96
67
67
72
73
74
74
74
55
56
62
62
62
63
62
45
47
52
53
51
52
51
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
74
73
73
73
72
75
73
71
71
53
52
53
50
50
55
48
47
50
91
91
89
90
89
90
90
88
88
93
94
93
92
92
92
93
92
90
63
60
61
65
63
64
65
62
65
45
44
43
44
43
43
42
45
48
32
32
32
31
30
31
28
33
34
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
75
75
73
73
72
71
71
75
74
75
74
75
68
72
71
67
63
61
60
63
61
61
61
61
98
97
96
96
96
96
95
96
95
95
95
96
97
97
97
97
96
97
96
97
96
97
96
96
54
52
49
50
51
51
50
57
58
59
58
58
44
47
47
50
50
49
50
54
55
55
55
57
47
52
51
50
47
44
46
46
46
46
46
47
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
78
79
82
55
58
64
93
94
96
96
97
97
71
68
72
38
38
47
25
26
35
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pas
a/
b/
c/
d/
Total urbano, a excepcin de 1990 y 1997 que corresponden a Gran Buenos Aires.
Ocho ciudades capitales de departamento y El Alto.
Oficina Nacional de Estadstica (ONE) de Cuba, sobre la base de tabulaciones de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacin.
rea metropolitana de Asuncin.
Cuadro 16.1
IVIDAD ECONMICA, SEGN TRAMOS DE EDAD, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011

Edad
Mujeres
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
52
57
61
62
64
69
68
67
68
68
67
52
56
60
61
67
70
69
70
70
68
69
19
20
27
27
27
33
33
34
33
32
33
57
62
61
64
71
68
67
70
61
68
68
71
75
76
72
74
34
37
42
46
49
55
49
50
56
60
63
67
67
69
70
72
73
73
74
74
76
74
53
60
61
64
65
67
68
69
70
71
71
71
72
70
21
27
26
28
29
30
30
30
32
33
32
34
33
31
47
50
53
57
58
60
64
66
67
46
50
51
54
57
59
61
61
66
20
23
23
25
26
29
31
29
31
63
65
68
73
74
75
73
73
73
76
56
59
63
69
71
72
71
71
71
75
22
21
24
27
31
33
33
33
34
37
Cuadro 16.1

Edad
Mujeres
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
77
78
76
77
39
41
53
54
61
58
63
61
65
66
68
72
70
70
75
49
52
54
58
60
61
63
64
63
65
65
66
65
14
17
21
23
26
23
27
27
29
29
30
28
31
63
63
61
61
60
60
61
63
64
67
65
66
66
66
65
66
67
67
20
20
24
25
21
21
20
21
21
54
58
61
65
65
68
68
70
66
67
66
67
68
56
58
62
67
67
67
68
70
69
68
68
66
67
31
34
34
36
40
40
42
42
43
42
43
39
40
65
65
69
68
67
68
69
69
68
69
70
69
70
70
34
34
37
36
35
39
40
50
60
65
64
49
68
72
65
29
44
41
43
54
54
57
51
30
31
Cuadro 16.1

Edad
Mujeres
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
63
64
58
63
62
61
61
63
63
69
62
66
64
63
66
68
35
37
36
38
35
35
39
40
44
49
50
51
52
55
59
60
63
61
61
38
46
50
51
53
58
60
60
64
62
62
18
21
24
28
26
29
31
33
36
33
32
57
66
62
62
65
62
67
68
70
70
32
38
39
37
40
66
66
66
67
71
69
67
67
71
69
69
69
66
65
66
69
68
69
70
70
68
70
70
69
69
70
20
21
26
26
26
29
30
31
30
33
35
35
34
63
62
65
65
72
74
73
72
69
70
73
73
58
62
69
66
67
72
69
72
68
70
71
70
27
32
40
39
40
43
46
40
43
42
40
41
73
67
75
66
46
40
Cuadro 16.1

Edad
Mujeres
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
68
67
73
73
73
74
74
70
70
78
76
77
78
78
39
38
47
49
49
52
52
62
58
57
60
59
56
57
60
64
63
59
60
62
60
61
60
63
66
24
25
24
27
24
27
26
29
31
69
74
74
74
76
75
76
77
79
80
79
82
64
70
71
74
76
75
77
77
79
79
81
81
21
23
23
26
28
29
29
35
36
36
36
37
51
52
60
52
53
62
21
20
29
ciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
Cuadro 16.2
TASA DE PARTICIPACIN DE HOMBRES Y MUJERES EN LA ACTIVIDAD ECONMICA, SEGN TRAMOS DE EDAD, ZONAS RU
Edad
Pas
Hombres
Ao
TOTAL
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
TOTAL
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
95
94
94
92
93
90
87
87
86
77
84
75
99
99
97
99
98
99
100
99
99
100
100
99
95
94
95
94
94
92
77
77
70
74
76
72
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
91
92
89
90
89
89
89
90
89
89
87
87
86
83
91
92
87
87
86
86
85
86
86
84
81
80
79
74
97
98
96
97
96
95
96
96
96
96
95
95
95
94
97
98
96
97
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
95
96
94
78
82
79
82
82
81
82
82
82
80
78
79
77
75
40
63
57
63
60
62
61
63
64
63
60
59
59
54
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
80
79
76
76
74
73
71
69
70
72
70
59
57
53
51
46
46
49
95
96
94
92
92
93
91
90
91
95
95
94
93
93
93
93
92
92
63
61
61
64
63
61
60
55
58
17
20
21
22
22
25
28
29
31
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
90
88
86
86
88
88
87
87
83
86
87
87
83
79
73
73
82
81
76
77
69
72
74
74
99
99
97
97
97
98
97
97
96
97
98
98
98
97
98
98
98
98
98
98
97
98
98
98
84
80
80
80
79
79
79
80
76
81
82
82
38
36
35
40
43
45
43
40
34
40
43
43
Costa Rica
1990
86
83
96
97
67
27
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Cuba a/
2002
2006
2007
2008
84
84
84
83
80
82
81
81
81
79
77
77
66
68
67
68
79
75
75
73
66
69
68
68
65
63
61
60
47
43
42
45
97
97
97
96
96
97
97
97
97
96
95
95
82
89
91
91
96
97
97
96
96
97
96
97
97
96
96
96
85
94
93
94
63
65
65
67
65
65
66
68
69
66
64
64
48
46
45
45
29
31
32
33
32
37
36
38
36
38
35
37
22
29
31
31
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
89
89
90
88
85
84
82
81
82
80
83
78
72
72
67
61
98
97
98
97
97
95
96
97
98
98
99
98
98
98
97
97
85
86
87
86
83
81
80
80
60
56
58
53
48
49
45
44
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
87
85
84
85
82
85
84
80
77
76
79
73
77
75
96
95
95
94
95
97
97
97
96
95
95
96
95
96
83
81
79
79
74
80
77
30
29
32
33
32
34
34
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
93
93
94
92
89
89
92
88
99
98
97
97
99
99
99
98
87
88
90
89
19
38
42
39
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
92
90
91
91
90
88
88
89
88
88
88
85
87
88
85
82
80
81
84
83
97
97
98
98
97
96
97
96
94
93
98
98
97
98
98
97
98
98
94
95
85
83
86
84
84
85
85
86
85
86
22
27
32
35
27
29
31
32
35
36
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
85
88
89
88
77
83
82
81
93
98
98
98
93
97
98
98
83
81
83
80
23
34
40
39
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
87
86
85
84
86
84
83
77
75
74
69
73
74
71
97
95
97
95
97
96
97
97
98
96
97
98
96
97
82
83
76
80
80
76
74
37
40
37
39
44
39
37
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
84
90
91
91
90
77
90
89
87
85
92
95
98
97
97
93
93
98
97
97
74
81
81
86
85
25
31
36
33
32
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
86
85
85
86
85
86
85
84
82
74
71
73
74
72
76
75
72
65
98
98
97
98
96
99
98
97
96
97
97
97
97
97
98
97
97
97
77
77
77
77
79
78
77
77
75
32
36
39
37
39
38
41
40
35
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
88
90
91
90
89
89
88
87
87
79
85
87
84
82
82
85
80
79
96
97
96
96
99
97
95
97
97
97
98
96
98
98
96
97
97
96
86
84
85
87
85
84
80
80
81
41
48
55
52
53
50
53
49
52
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
90
89
88
90
91
90
90
89
89
78
77
72
78
77
76
77
74
74
97
94
97
98
96
96
96
96
95
99
98
98
98
99
98
99
99
99
93
91
90
92
92
93
93
93
93
68
65
67
73
74
74
76
75
75
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
77
78
76
76
78
76
74
75
77
55
57
55
58
65
57
52
56
58
92
93
90
90
90
89
89
91
93
95
94
94
93
93
94
94
93
93
75
74
71
70
71
70
69
70
72
28
30
31
32
35
32
30
32
34
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
82
82
82
82
82
73
71
73
72
73
98
98
97
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
70
73
71
72
72
48
47
47
50
50
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
88
89
91
79
78
89
96
98
98
97
96
99
84
84
82
20
27
26
a/ Oficina Nacional de Estadstica (ONE) de Cuba, sobre la base de las tabulaciones de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacin.
SEGN TRAMOS DE EDAD, ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011
Edad
Mujeres
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 49 aos
50 aos y ms
73
74
63
66
64
56
76
75
74
72
77
76
83
81
76
83
86
80
76
78
69
74
79
78
43
57
51
53
49
52
49
53
52
50
49
46
45
41
44
67
63
67
67
69
69
69
71
70
67
67
67
63
46
74
68
75
74
75
74
75
77
76
75
72
73
67
25
56
50
57
54
56
55
56
58
56
53
53
51
46
18
22
22
24
21
23
23
25
28
23
25
25
31
31
36
41
43
48
21
24
26
27
28
32
37
42
42
9
10
12
11
12
14
17
16
18
34
33
30
36
40
41
39
35
28
33
35
34
45
45
45
51
49
51
49
46
40
47
52
50
45
42
43
50
53
52
52
49
45
50
54
54
28
24
23
25
30
35
32
31
26
31
34
35
31
31
29
11
34
34
34
32
28
33
34
35
32
32
27
30
13
23
25
27
31
36
38
40
40
46
44
49
47
52
47
49
28
38
42
44
34
38
39
41
41
46
46
46
44
46
45
49
33
42
44
45
11
15
14
15
16
19
20
20
19
21
21
21
11
13
13
13
57
52
55
46
43
42
38
31
64
62
65
58
54
57
55
56
70
65
65
63
57
58
53
55
52
51
52
49
43
44
41
40
26
24
28
30
26
26
26
37
38
39
41
43
46
43
38
38
42
43
42
46
45
22
19
22
24
20
24
25
18
36
38
35
19
39
47
42
22
44
49
48
16
34
38
35
18
23
26
27
21
22
25
23
24
25
24
34
34
38
33
36
35
39
41
41
29
36
41
44
34
38
39
41
46
48
21
18
29
32
23
24
28
31
33
36
16
31
36
35
26
36
43
43
28
39
47
45
25
30
34
35
30
30
30
32
36
33
31
39
44
41
42
52
44
44
49
50
46
49
53
49
48
29
37
30
34
37
31
27
22
25
30
25
24
28
41
41
39
41
34
38
47
41
43
16
21
29
28
24
26
29
30
26
31
28
30
27
24
41
47
48
48
46
48
49
50
45
44
49
51
51
52
51
55
55
48
20
23
27
26
29
28
31
30
26
29
38
43
35
40
39
42
39
41
49
53
63
60
59
56
62
51
56
51
59
68
68
66
66
63
61
66
37
45
52
47
50
46
49
47
47
59
49
51
60
61
61
63
62
59
73
71
73
78
79
78
79
78
80
76
77
78
83
85
85
87
84
86
69
67
68
73
74
75
77
76
75
23
22
21
24
28
24
20
19
21
35
37
40
43
48
42
40
49
45
37
45
44
46
47
48
48
47
52
18
19
20
18
20
19
18
21
23
40
34
31
32
36
63
62
61
64
67
65
68
66
71
69
36
35
36
39
38
14
23
23
24
33
35
30
32
30
15
19
19
s de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
Cuadro 17
TASA DE PARTICIPACIN DE HOMBRES Y MUJERES EN LA ACTIVIDAD ECONMICA, SEGN NMERO DE AOS
Aos de instruccin
Pas
Hombres
Ao
TOTAL
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
82
82
83
83
82
81
93
91
92
91
90
88
93
91
93
93
94
91
74
80
78
77
78
77
74
73
76
79
77
76
74
74
78
78
79
80
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
84
85
82
82
81
81
81
81
81
81
80
81
80
78
81
83
79
79
77
76
76
75
75
74
73
72
71
68
86
86
83
82
82
81
81
82
81
80
79
79
77
75
84
84
81
80
79
79
78
78
79
78
78
77
78
76
88
89
87
87
86
87
87
87
88
88
87
88
88
86
91
90
89
88
88
89
88
88
88
89
88
89
89
87
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
74
76
75
75
73
73
73
71
70
64
62
62
62
60
56
52
48
43
77
77
77
76
73
70
68
61
60
70
71
69
68
67
67
65
64
65
74
79
78
78
76
77
78
76
77
81
80
79
81
81
80
81
79
76
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
85
83
81
81
82
82
81
81
79
81
81
82
89
86
84
84
81
82
81
80
76
79
80
80
89
87
86
86
86
87
85
85
84
85
86
86
76
71
68
70
74
73
71
71
68
69
70
70
82
81
80
80
82
82
81
81
79
81
82
83
84
86
85
86
87
87
86
85
85
87
87
88
Costa Rica
1990
1994
83
81
75
69
90
89
76
73
80
79
83
82
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
81
82
79
79
80
79
80
78
77
76
77
70
69
68
66
66
64
63
65
63
62
62
88
89
86
86
87
87
88
86
84
83
83
74
75
72
69
71
71
72
70
70
69
69
78
81
76
79
78
78
78
76
75
75
76
84
85
86
86
86
86
86
85
83
81
85
Cuba a/
2002
2006
2007
2008
65
67
67
68
30
21
21
20
47
43
40
39
67
71
71
70
69
70
70
72
81
82
82
82
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
84
84
85
83
82
80
78
78
81
82
83
81
78
76
74
74
92
91
92
92
90
89
88
86
76
78
79
77
75
73
80
69
77
77
81
77
77
76
69
75
86
86
85
85
83
81
80
82
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
82
79
79
79
78
79
79
86
85
81
82
79
81
81
86
83
83
85
82
83
84
73
72
74
72
72
73
72
77
74
75
77
78
79
80
79
75
77
77
77
78
77
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
90
88
91
89
94
92
93
92
91
92
96
93
67
70
81
77
80
80
81
83
87
83
87
92
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
87
86
88
87
85
84
83
83
82
82
91
89
90
90
89
87
87
87
83
84
90
91
92
91
90
89
90
91
91
89
63
62
71
65
63
64
62
63
67
68
81
82
81
83
76
76
70
71
74
72
76
79
82
85
80
80
79
80
78
80
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
81
84
84
84
86
86
84
86
89
91
91
90
74
82
82
83
65
68
72
74
80
83
83
81
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
84
82
82
82
82
81
81
83
83
78
78
79
75
75
91
89
88
89
89
86
86
85
84
84
83
83
83
83
71
73
76
75
77
77
77
83
80
82
82
83
82
81
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
77
86
86
84
83
80
89
89
86
87
78
89
91
88
86
67
81
78
76
78
69
77
80
79
76
84
91
86
86
83
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
80
81
80
80
80
82
81
81
79
76
76
77
77
74
75
71
70
70
85
85
85
84
84
85
84
83
81
75
77
73
76
74
78
77
77
75
78
79
81
79
79
82
82
81
80
86
86
85
84
84
86
86
86
86
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
86
85
87
86
85
85
85
84
83
84
84
82
82
79
80
77
78
76
91
91
92
92
91
91
91
90
87
78
82
83
80
79
78
79
77
77
81
79
83
82
83
85
86
82
82
91
88
90
89
88
89
90
90
88
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
85
80
81
83
84
84
84
84
82
88
86
84
85
85
84
85
83
81
87
83
87
88
87
88
89
89
86
74
70
72
76
80
80
78
78
78
85
79
80
82
82
82
82
83
82
91
83
82
83
86
86
85
84
84
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
75
75
74
74
75
75
73
72
73
76
74
72
72
71
74
71
72
70
76
77
75
77
79
78
74
76
78
71
72
73
72
75
71
72
70
72
71
74
72
73
70
72
70
69
72
84
82
81
83
82
86
83
79
78
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
76
75
75
75
76
47
47
48
45
46
73
72
73
71
71
81
78
77
77
77
78
79
79
78
80
82
84
84
84
85
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
80
81
83
84
84
83
81
81
80
80
79
79
79
80
80
80
80
80
80
78
77
76
76
75
74
72
86
87
87
88
88
88
87
87
86
86
85
84
84
74
78
81
82
81
80
79
79
78
78
78
78
77
77
76
82
82
83
80
79
79
79
80
79
79
79
76
76
82
83
84
82
80
79
77
77
78
78
78
ro 17
CA, SEGN NMERO DE AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 2011

Aos de instruccin
Mujeres
TOTAL
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
60
62
62
64
62
63
69
71
68
70
72
68
66
64
65
68
72
67
46
55
55
55
50
56
46
49
51
54
50
54
59
62
64
68
63
69
44
53
51
54
54
56
56
57
58
58
58
58
58
55
34
46
42
44
42
42
42
42
43
41
40
39
38
34
41
50
49
50
50
51
51
51
52
52
50
50
50
45
45
51
51
52
51
53
53
54
54
54
53
52
53
49
61
65
65
67
67
68
68
69
71
70
70
69
70
67
77
79
80
79
80
80
80
80
81
80
81
81
81
79
32
35
37
39
40
42
43
42
44
16
18
17
19
17
18
19
17
15
25
26
24
27
25
27
27
24
24
25
28
29
30
31
31
32
31
34
35
39
41
42
44
47
48
47
48
63
58
62
64
64
65
67
64
63
44
44
45
50
54
55
53
52
51
54
56
57
35
31
30
34
38
40
39
36
33
37
39
39
40
40
40
45
48
50
47
46
44
48
50
51
40
38
40
45
49
49
46
45
42
46
47
47
55
57
56
60
63
63
60
60
56
60
62
62
71
77
76
79
80
80
79
79
77
79
80
81
32
34
17
18
29
31
32
31
45
46
64
64
36
39
41
40
44
44
45
45
45
44
46
17
21
20
18
21
22
22
22
21
22
20
33
35
36
33
38
38
38
37
37
38
40
35
36
38
37
40
38
39
40
39
37
41
42
47
48
47
48
49
51
50
52
48
50
68
67
71
69
70
70
72
73
73
69
71
35
40
41
41
5
3
3
3
11
10
8
8
25
29
28
28
44
46
48
48
68
72
73
74
56
55
56
54
52
51
48
48
52
50
50
46
43
43
37
41
57
54
53
52
49
49
46
45
49
49
52
46
46
45
47
39
51
51
52
51
50
49
43
45
73
74
75
73
70
70
69
68
42
41
45
45
44
46
46
34
34
36
36
34
37
37
45
42
46
46
44
45
46
40
37
42
43
41
43
40
52
52
55
54
57
55
56
67
65
68
65
68
68
69
28
46
49
48
23
41
44
42
33
49
53
47
34
43
46
46
57
58
60
61
76
74
75
74
32
35
41
44
38
40
40
40
42
43
27
27
33
36
30
31
31
32
35
35
32
37
43
46
38
41
40
39
42
44
28
27
36
38
35
37
35
34
35
35
60
53
59
61
52
55
51
50
50
52
53
64
67
66
65
67
69
67
66
69
30
36
40
43
22
32
36
39
30
32
37
39
35
40
41
43
41
40
42
41
54
59
64
63
40
43
43
45
49
45
44
32
37
32
35
40
33
29
38
39
40
41
44
41
38
43
42
43
44
48
44
43
42
48
46
46
51
48
48
57
62
65
65
68
66
63
36
43
46
44
44
28
34
37
33
34
38
43
45
42
41
40
44
50
45
44
51
53
58
54
50
67
76
72
73
68
45
47
47
46
47
47
48
48
46
23
26
29
30
32
30
33
31
27
34
34
37
34
35
35
37
37
31
38
40
40
38
39
39
39
38
34
51
49
49
48
49
49
50
49
47
73
74
73
72
72
73
72
71
72
48
54
58
56
55
55
56
55
56
38
43
49
47
48
46
47
46
45
47
55
59
56
56
53
54
52
53
45
48
54
46
45
43
44
47
46
56
55
55
57
53
55
59
56
55
77
77
78
79
79
80
78
75
80
64
59
59
63
66
66
66
67
65
66
64
62
68
67
68
69
68
65
64
62
62
63
66
66
67
69
66
51
50
50
54
59
59
59
60
57
63
52
56
59
60
61
62
62
61
78
69
65
68
74
72
72
73
73
39
40
39
40
40
40
39
41
44
23
25
24
25
26
25
23
26
26
33
31
33
33
34
33
33
33
38
36
36
35
36
37
35
37
39
41
45
41
43
43
42
40
39
41
44
70
69
67
67
65
66
63
66
66
54
54
55
55
57
20
22
20
19
18
41
41
41
41
41
57
55
55
55
54
62
62
63
63
64
74
76
76
76
79
36
37
46
48
55
54
52
51
50
51
51
51
51
21
21
28
28
35
34
33
31
30
31
29
27
29
32
32
40
41
50
50
47
45
45
45
46
44
43
33
35
43
46
52
51
48
45
44
45
45
44
44
46
45
54
55
59
58
54
51
51
51
50
50
50
58
59
69
70
75
74
70
69
67
67
67
67
67
cuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
Cuadro 17.1
TASA DE PARTICIPACIN DE HOMBRES Y MUJERES EN LA ACTIVIDAD ECONMICA, SEGN NMERO DE AOS DE IN

Aos de instruccin
Pas
Ao
Hombres
TOTAL
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
TOTAL
Argentina a/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
76
74
76
74
72
76
76
75
74
74
75
62
62
63
58
60
61
61
62
56
53
53
68
71
69
71
71
71
70
70
73
74
73
73
72
71
69
69
68
66
67
68
86
84
77
76
73
81
82
81
80
78
77
84
79
88
80
79
78
79
80
79
80
81
38
40
45
44
46
51
50
50
49
48
49
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 b/
1994 b/
1997
73
75
75
78
80
83
87
87
88
68
70
67
71
71
72
68
75
72
47
51
51
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
75
77
79
77
77
78
81
82
79
76
86
89
89
89
86
76
72
73
72
71
71
73
78
74
75
73
77
76
78
79
54
57
58
55
58
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
83
83
80
80
79
80
79
79
80
79
79
79
79
77
76
77
73
72
71
71
70
69
68
67
66
66
64
63
84
84
80
80
79
79
78
79
78
77
76
76
74
72
83
83
80
79
78
78
77
77
78
77
77
76
77
75
88
88
86
86
86
87
86
87
87
87
87
87
88
86
91
90
89
88
88
89
88
88
88
89
88
88
89
87
45
50
50
53
53
55
55
56
57
57
57
57
58
55
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
72
75
75
75
73
73
73
71
71
59
59
61
60
58
55
52
49
43
74
74
74
72
70
66
65
58
57
66
67
67
66
65
64
63
62
62
74
79
78
78
76
78
78
76
77
80
80
79
81
81
80
81
79
76
35
38
39
41
42
45
46
44
45
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
81
79
78
79
80
80
79
78
77
79
80
76
73
74
74
75
74
72
67
71
85
84
82
83
83
83
82
81
80
82
76
71
69
70
74
72
70
70
68
69
81
80
79
80
81
81
81
80
79
81
83
86
84
85
86
87
86
85
85
87
48
48
50
55
57
58
56
56
55
58
Cuadro 17.1

Aos de instruccin
Pas
Ao
Hombres
TOTAL
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
TOTAL
2010
2011
80
80
72
72
82
82
69
70
82
83
87
88
59
60
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
78
76
77
79
77
78
78
78
78
76
75
75
66
62
59
61
58
58
60
58
54
56
55
55
84
83
82
84
82
82
84
83
85
81
79
79
73
70
72
75
70
70
71
71
72
70
70
70
77
77
77
80
75
81
78
78
78
75
75
76
82
82
83
84
86
85
86
86
86
85
83
81
39
40
42
45
46
45
48
48
49
50
49
48
2011
77
58
80
70
77
86
50
Cuba c/
2006
2007
2008
67
67
68
16
18
16
34
32
31
68
67
67
73
70
72
81
82
82
43
44
44
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
80
81
81
82
81
81
81
82
81
80
78
76
77
83
79
81
81
76
73
74
74
74
71
70
68
65
91
90
88
89
87
89
87
88
89
86
85
83
81
69
70
71
74
75
74
77
76
75
74
71
79
70
73
76
76
78
76
77
77
80
76
78
76
69
76
81
84
86
86
85
85
86
85
85
84
82
80
82
43
47
49
54
53
54
54
55
54
53
52
49
50
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
78
75
76
75
74
76
76
77
76
72
72
69
73
75
84
80
80
80
78
78
78
71
71
73
70
71
70
68
77
74
75
77
77
79
80
79
76
78
78
76
79
78
49
49
52
51
51
52
52
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
84
82
85
85
90
85
86
87
89
88
93
91
65
68
78
75
81
81
80
82
87
82
87
92
43
54
58
55
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
81
80
83
82
79
79
76
77
84
81
83
85
81
79
77
78
88
88
90
87
87
86
86
87
61
59
72
64
63
65
62
61
80
82
80
81
76
76
70
71
76
79
82
84
80
79
78
80
44
43
51
54
47
50
48
47
Costa Rica
Cuadro 17.1

Aos de instruccin
Pas
Ao
Hombres
TOTAL
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
TOTAL
2009
2010
76
74
71
71
86
83
63
65
73
71
78
79
49
50
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
77
81
80
81
82
80
81
80
81
80
79
79
80
75
80
76
75
72
69
71
69
68
87
88
87
87
88
86
85
86
85
83
81
74
81
81
82
85
84
83
82
83
82
82
65
69
71
74
71
73
76
76
77
77
77
80
83
82
81
83
80
83
83
82
82
81
34
38
41
44
42
45
47
48
51
48
47
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
71
82
83
79
77
70
83
84
75
77
74
87
89
83
79
66
79
77
74
75
70
75
78
78
76
83
90
87
85
82
44
51
52
51
51
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
72
77
78
77
77
78
78
77
76
79
79
79
78
56
61
64
57
55
60
65
60
53
59
50
48
53
70
76
76
74
77
77
76
76
74
75
75
75
73
69
73
72
75
74
76
71
74
73
76
76
75
74
72
77
80
77
77
78
80
78
79
81
81
81
80
81
88
85
85
86
86
85
83
83
86
85
85
86
48
50
50
50
51
52
51
50
51
52
52
51
51
Paraguay
1990 d/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
84
86
86
83
81
83
82
81
83
83
81
80
75
76
77
73
72
75
70
72
72
70
69
67
88
92
92
88
86
88
88
86
86
88
86
82
82
83
82
79
80
80
77
74
75
75
74
72
83
84
87
81
79
81
82
82
85
85
81
80
87
91
92
91
87
89
89
87
89
89
89
87
50
53
58
54
57
60
59
56
57
58
57
58
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
83
76
77
79
81
81
81
81
77
70
72
69
71
67
70
66
82
71
78
78
77
78
80
80
71
65
70
72
76
77
75
75
85
78
79
80
81
81
81
82
92
83
82
83
85
86
85
84
62
57
56
59
62
62
62
63
Cuadro 17.1

Aos de instruccin
Pas
Ao
Hombres
TOTAL
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
TOTAL
2011
80
67
78
75
81
84
63
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
74
73
73
73
72
75
73
71
71
69
65
66
67
66
70
67
66
64
76
74
73
77
75
77
72
73
75
71
72
73
70
71
70
72
69
70
72
73
72
73
70
72
69
68
71
84
81
80
83
82
87
84
80
78
45
44
43
44
43
43
43
45
48
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
75
75
73
50
41
40
74
74
70
79
84
82
84
82
80
83
83
84
44
47
47
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
74
72
72
71
75
74
75
74
75
39
38
34
33
43
44
45
43
43
69
67
66
64
71
69
71
69
69
83
77
75
77
81
77
76
77
77
78
78
78
76
78
78
79
78
80
83
83
83
83
82
84
84
84
86
50
50
49
50
54
55
55
56
57
1990
1994
1997
78
79
82
73
73
77
85
86
86
74
78
81
77
76
82
76
76
82
38
38
47
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pa
a/
b/
c/
d/
Oficina Nacional de Estadstica (ONE) de Cuba, sobre la base de tabulaciones de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacin.
Sin informacin.
Cuadro 17.1
ECONMICA, SEGN NMERO DE AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011

Aos de instruccin
Mujeres
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
25
24
27
25
27
30
28
28
24
21
22
29
30
33
38
37
37
34
30
34
31
32
35
34
36
38
36
35
33
33
33
50
52
48
47
48
53
52
53
50
48
48
66
67
74
70
68
68
68
69
70
68
68
50
54
55
51
56
57
42
43
41
40
45
45
53
57
58
57
62
62
60
56
57
61
63
63
63
53
52
50
46
51
47
51
53
46
52
61
63
66
62
69
33
38
36
37
36
36
36
36
36
35
34
34
33
30
41
47
46
47
47
48
48
48
49
49
48
47
47
42
45
50
50
52
51
52
52
54
54
53
53
52
53
49
61
65
64
67
67
68
68
69
71
70
70
70
70
67
77
79
80
79
80
80
80
80
81
80
80
80
81
79
19
21
20
23
20
22
21
19
16
28
29
26
29
27
29
28
25
25
26
29
31
31
33
33
34
32
35
35
40
41
43
44
47
49
47
49
63
58
63
64
64
66
67
64
63
37
35
34
38
40
40
39
37
36
38
42
43
43
49
51
52
49
49
47
51
42
40
42
48
51
51
48
47
45
49
56
56
57
61
63
64
61
60
58
62
70
76
76
78
80
80
78
79
77
80
Cuadro 17.1

Aos de instruccin
Mujeres
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
40
41
52
53
49
50
63
64
80
81
21
23
19
28
23
20
24
23
22
25
21
25
33
33
37
39
40
35
42
42
41
42
40
42
35
34
35
38
40
39
41
41
41
44
41
41
47
46
44
49
49
50
49
49
52
51
53
50
62
64
68
67
70
69
70
70
72
72
73
69
22
44
46
52
71
3
3
3
9
7
8
30
29
28
55
49
49
75
73
74
39
41
43
45
46
41
41
41
41
41
39
31
38
39
45
45
50
52
51
50
49
49
48
47
45
43
34
37
37
44
46
47
48
49
46
46
47
48
40
45
47
46
53
51
51
51
52
51
51
49
43
47
65
66
70
72
67
73
74
75
73
71
70
69
68
43
44
43
43
41
43
43
52
49
53
52
50
51
52
43
40
46
46
44
47
44
53
54
57
56
59
57
59
67
65
69
65
68
69
69
38
53
54
50
41
54
57
54
37
45
56
48
57
58
62
60
77
74
75
74
40
37
43
48
41
42
38
38
43
45
53
56
48
51
50
47
32
29
38
41
38
42
39
36
59
50
59
61
53
56
53
51
53
63
67
65
65
66
69
67
Cuadro 17.1

Aos de instruccin
Mujeres
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
39
41
50
51
40
39
52
54
66
70
21
29
32
38
32
33
34
34
37
34
31
33
32
36
39
37
39
41
43
45
41
41
37
41
42
43
45
45
46
45
50
46
46
42
40
41
41
43
49
50
48
53
50
50
55
58
62
63
55
64
65
65
68
66
63
39
46
43
39
45
43
49
50
48
47
40
46
52
48
46
51
54
58
55
53
67
76
72
73
69
24
20
23
19
23
21
24
24
24
28
20
21
23
37
37
39
39
39
37
38
36
34
35
36
36
32
39
41
41
41
41
42
42
41
40
41
40
40
36
50
53
52
51
53
50
51
49
51
50
52
50
49
71
73
74
73
73
74
73
72
73
74
73
72
73
29
38
44
40
41
44
45
41
43
44
41
37
53
53
57
51
58
59
58
56
53
52
52
51
45
47
53
49
50
57
49
48
44
46
50
45
50
58
63
57
57
58
60
54
58
61
58
59
71
78
81
79
79
77
78
79
80
77
76
81
59
54
50
54
53
52
52
53
61
58
57
54
56
57
58
61
51
51
50
51
57
58
56
57
62
53
55
58
59
60
60
60
77
70
65
68
74
72
72
74
Cuadro 17.1

Aos de instruccin
Mujeres
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
53
59
55
60
73
27
28
27
28
26
28
25
28
27
39
35
35
36
34
33
35
34
40
39
39
38
38
38
37
39
40
44
46
43
45
45
43
42
40
43
48
71
69
68
68
66
66
64
69
67
18
17
16
36
36
35
48
56
57
57
61
59
72
74
71
17
15
14
13
20
21
19
19
18
38
36
36
35
40
40
41
41
39
57
51
51
54
57
55
55
55
54
59
61
58
59
62
62
63
63
64
74
74
72
74
75
76
76
76
79
23
22
28
34
34
41
34
36
43
47
45
54
58
58
69
Cuadro 17.2

Aos de instruccin
Pas
Hombres
Ao
TOTAL
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
95
94
94
92
93
90
97
95
96
95
95
94
97
97
97
97
99
95
89
91
88
85
91
88
87
88
87
84
88
81
94
92
89
93
87
91
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
202
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
91
92
89
90
89
89
89
90
89
89
87
87
86
83
90
91
88
90
88
88
88
88
88
87
85
84
84
79
94
95
92
92
92
91
91
93
92
91
89
90
88
86
89
90
88
88
88
87
88
89
88
87
86
84
83
83
94
94
89
92
91
93
92
91
93
93
92
92
92
90
91
93
87
90
93
90
90
90
92
91
88
89
91
90
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
80
79
76
76
74
74
71
69
70
71
66
63
65
62
58
53
46
44
85
85
84
83
81
80
76
69
69
82
84
77
77
77
78
75
73
77
80
81
76
75
73
74
74
77
78
90
85
79
82
79
78
76
72
70
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
90
88
86
86
88
88
87
87
84
86
87
87
92
89
89
88
88
88
87
87
85
88
88
87
93
91
90
90
92
93
92
92
90
91
92
92
78
70
65
69
76
77
76
74
67
71
73
74
82
87
83
81
88
85
83
86
80
83
85
86
91
94
92
89
90
88
85
88
87
88
85
90
Costa Rica
1990
1994
86
84
78
72
93
92
81
77
86
85
84
85
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
84
84
83
80
82
81
81
81
79
77
77
73
72
74
71
69
68
68
71
68
66
65
92
92
90
89
91
90
90
90
88
86
86
77
76
76
68
73
72
73
70
70
69
67
80
82
80
73
78
78
79
79
76
73
75
86
86
85
87
87
87
87
86
86
83
82
Cuba a/
2002
2006
2007
2008
66
68
67
68
37
25
25
24
61
57
53
51
73
78
77
77
71
69
70
73
83
84
83
82
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
89
89
90
88
85
84
82
81
86
87
87
85
82
80
78
78
95
95
96
96
94
94
93
92
81
83
86
81
77
77
81
69
81
80
85
82
77
77
69
72
90
84
88
84
79
77
79
78
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
87
85
84
85
82
86
84
90
89
87
87
84
87
85
89
87
87
90
87
91
91
77
74
74
77
73
80
80
76
71
73
78
81
79
80
78
72
69
67
83
71
67
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
93
93
94
93
95
94
95
94
92
95
98
95
71
72
85
80
76
78
86
87
88
91
90
99
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
92
90
91
91
90
89
88
89
88
88
93
91
93
92
92
91
90
91
87
88
92
93
93
94
92
91
93
94
94
93
69
69
69
68
64
61
62
67
73
73
87
82
85
88
79
77
71
73
75
76
84
79
76
100
84
85
85
85
83
91
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
87
88
89
89
91
89
90
91
95
95
96
93
76
85
85
85
63
67
74
77
84
86
88
84
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
87
87
85
84
86
84
83
87
88
81
83
84
80
79
94
92
92
93
94
91
91
84
84
87
83
84
87
85
74
75
78
72
75
77
76
83
80
80
78
85
82
80
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
84
91
91
91
90
85
91
92
92
92
86
91
94
94
92
72
87
82
82
85
62
90
87
85
78
93
97
85
88
90
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
86
85
85
86
86
86
85
84
82
84
81
81
83
83
81
79
78
77
91
91
91
91
91
92
91
90
87
78
78
77
80
78
81
81
81
76
81
80
82
81
83
85
83
82
82
84
89
87
87
87
89
88
88
82
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
88
90
91
91
89
89
89
88
87
88
89
86
88
83
85
80
82
81
94
94
95
96
95
94
94
93
91
76
85
87
85
86
83
85
84
85
78
80
88
84
83
87
88
84
86
93
95
94
92
97
91
92
97
94
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
90
89
88
91
91
90
90
89
89
94
95
91
92
93
93
92
92
93
93
93
94
96
95
95
96
96
95
79
81
76
82
86
85
84
84
84
88
83
85
88
86
85
87
85
85
86
81
82
84
87
86
86
85
82
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
77
78
76
76
78
76
74
75
77
82
81
77
77
76
77
75
77
76
77
81
77
78
85
79
75
80
83
71
73
73
75
81
74
72
73
74
70
74
70
72
71
74
72
72
75
86
84
87
83
84
78
72
75
79
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
82
82
82
82
82
64
64
61
61
62
85
86
86
86
84
88
86
86
86
86
82
82
85
83
86
83
84
82
85
84
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
88
89
91
89
90
91
91
93
94
75
80
86
80
79
84
73
80
92
17.2
CA, SEGN NMERO DE AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011

Aos de instruccin
Mujeres
TOTAL
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
77
77
70
74
76
72
80
79
73
76
80
77
79
77
71
76
84
74
64
64
64
69
56
66
59
72
57
61
70
60
79
93
81
87
78
77
40
63
57
63
60
62
61
63
64
63
60
59
59
54
35
61
55
61
58
60
58
60
62
60
57
55
53
48
45
67
61
64
63
64
65
65
66
65
63
63
62
56
45
60
54
58
57
58
55
59
58
57
55
52
53
48
65
70
70
73
70
73
69
70
72
71
69
66
67
63
76
79
75
82
82
79
83
84
90
88
85
84
85
83
17
20
21
22
22
25
28
29
31
8
11
13
11
11
11
12
11
13
15
17
18
20
19
21
22
21
21
16
19
21
22
24
25
27
27
30
26
28
30
33
31
37
39
39
40
64
54
56
58
52
52
54
58
57
38
36
35
40
43
45
43
40
34
40
43
43
34
29
28
32
36
40
38
34
29
35
38
37
37
36
36
40
43
45
43
40
35
40
44
45
36
32
33
36
39
38
37
34
28
33
38
36
51
61
52
59
60
58
55
52
44
50
50
49
77
85
77
86
81
84
82
81
75
76
79
77
27
29
14
15
27
30
28
27
43
45
74
61
32
32
33
32
37
36
38
36
38
35
37
16
17
18
17
20
20
22
19
20
18
18
31
32
32
31
35
34
35
33
33
34
35
36
33
34
32
38
33
36
31
34
29
34
40
42
43
40
46
46
48
47
49
43
43
69
67
75
70
70
74
75
75
75
70
73
22
29
31
31
5
3
2
3
12
12
10
9
20
26
27
27
34
38
41
44
62
73
74
74
60
57
58
53
48
49
45
44
60
56
57
50
45
46
42
43
63
59
59
57
51
53
48
48
54
52
59
47
46
42
44
34
51
54
55
52
46
46
40
38
70
71
75
70
63
64
60
64
30
29
32
34
32
34
34
28
27
29
30
28
31
30
36
32
36
38
36
35
38
30
27
32
35
34
34
31
40
36
42
42
44
43
40
58
54
61
65
63
55
58
19
38
42
39
17
37
41
38
23
43
49
37
24
33
33
43
57
61
51
64
66
78
74
74
22
27
32
35
27
29
31
32
35
36
21
22
29
31
24
25
28
29
33
32
23
30
34
37
28
31
32
33
36
39
15
24
31
31
26
27
29
29
28
30
61
65
56
60
47
48
43
46
44
46
54
79
70
79
69
79
75
68
68
62
23
34
40
40
22
33
39
40
21
32
39
39
25
35
39
41
26
36
46
39
49
79
74
59
37
40
37
39
44
39
37
32
39
30
35
42
33
28
39
40
39
39
43
41
34
38
34
38
41
44
38
39
39
45
33
37
46
43
41
74
53
68
67
69
64
63
25
31
36
33
32
20
25
31
28
26
29
35
38
34
34
40
34
44
38
37
49
50
58
48
39
67
73
61
64
67
32
36
39
37
39
38
41
40
35
24
29
31
33
36
31
39
35
30
29
32
37
33
35
35
38
38
31
30
33
34
31
35
34
34
31
28
43
45
43
41
40
42
43
44
40
70
71
72
72
67
67
66
65
62
41
48
55
52
53
50
53
50
53
37
44
52
49
54
48
49
51
51
43
52
59
55
55
54
56
51
56
35
45
48
39
39
40
43
39
46
48
44
44
44
48
44
49
50
43
65
62
79
81
78
83
86
66
79
69
65
67
73
74
74
76
75
75
71
71
71
77
77
78
80
78
78
68
68
69
73
78
78
79
78
79
52
47
52
62
64
62
66
67
64
69
50
60
68
68
68
71
69
67
84
52
60
63
71
75
72
68
72
28
30
31
33
35
33
30
32
34
19
22
21
21
25
23
20
22
24
26
25
29
28
34
34
29
31
36
29
31
30
33
34
31
33
35
35
38
34
36
37
40
34
35
34
33
65
65
63
67
61
63
51
53
57
48
48
47
50
50
23
27
25
26
21
48
46
46
49
49
51
52
51
50
52
56
53
52
57
55
68
68
68
71
71
20
27
26
16
18
23
21
28
26
21
31
29
35
47
38
54
65
76
de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
Cuadro 18
DISTRIBUCIN DE LA POBLACIN ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 2011
(Poblacin de 15 aos y ms, en porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales
y tcnicos
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2099
5.2
2.8
4.3
4.7
5.2
4.7
28.5
29.8
30.4
34.5
36.2
39.1
6.7
6.6
6.7
6.8
8.3
9.0
21.8
23.2
23.7
27.7
27.9
30.1
3.7
4.1
3.3
3.3
5.4
5.9
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
4.7
3.6
3.7
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.2
4.4
3.8
4.5
4.3
3.4
65.5
59.3
60.4
58.8
62.0
61.9
62.0
62.8
62.7
63.5
64.7
65.8
66.4
68.0
12.0
11.5
11.1
11.1
11.0
11.0
10.9
10.8
11.0
11.3
11.3
11.6
12.0
65.5
47.3
48.8
47.7
51.0
50.9
51.0
51.9
51.9
52.5
53.4
54.5
54.8
56.0
17.2
8.3
8.8
8.8
9.7
7.1
7.2
7.1
7.4
7.5
7.9
8.0
8.2
8.2
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
2.6
3.2
3.7
4.0
4.2
3.9
3.1
3.1
1.9
73.0
73.9
74.7
74.6
74.6
74.4
75.7
76.3
77.4
9.9
11.8
10.6
9.8
11.6
10.3
73.0
73.9
64.8
74.6
62.8
63.8
65.9
64.7
67.1
11.4
13.8
10.2
15.3
10.6
11.0
10.3
12.6
12.4
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
5.1
4.7
4.3
4.0
4.9
4.7
5.1
5.3
4.8
5.0
5.0
58.6
62.5
57.8
53.6
49.8
49.8
49.1
50.6
49.4
47.2
46.3
7.6
6.5
7.6
6.8
6.4
6.2
6.0
6.1
5.2
4.6
4.2
51.0
56.0
50.2
46.7
43.4
43.6
43.0
44.6
44.1
42.7
42.1
3.9
5.1
4.7
4.3
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.7
4.1
4.8
2011
4.9
46.5
4.2
42.3
5.0
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.3
6.7
7.4
8.1
7.9
8.1
7.5
7.7
7.2
7.5
7.2
3.5
3.8
70.0
71.9
69.9
71.0
68.3
68.8
71.4
70.7
73.0
72.9
72.7
76.1
76.0
17.0
15.3
14.2
13.0
14.0
14.1
14.2
14.5
13.9
14.1
15.6
11.1
11.0
53.0
56.6
55.7
58.0
54.3
54.7
57.3
56.2
59.2
58.8
57.1
65.0
65.0
3.6
4.4
4.6
5.8
10.2
10.4
10.9
10.9
12.0
12.9
12.3
14.5
15.2
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.6
6.0
5.7
5.0
5.2
4.1
3.4
3.5
49.4
52.0
51.2
52.7
54.9
53.4
54.8
52.6
7.8
7.2
7.0
7.3
8.0
8.1
9.3
9.2
41.6
44.8
44.2
45.4
46.8
45.3
45.5
43.4
6.0
6.3
5.7
6.4
6.4
6.0
6.1
5.6
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
6.1
5.0
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.1
3.9
56.2
57.0
59.8
56.4
59.6
55.4
56.5
8.7
9.2
9.1
8.5
8.0
7.6
7.7
47.5
47.8
50.7
48.0
51.6
47.8
48.8
4.6
5.1
6.1
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.4
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
1.5
3.2
6.5
3.5
48.6
49.8
43.5
48.5
7.3
4.5
3.6
5.0
41.3
45.3
39.9
43.5
2.8
4.8
4.4
5.9
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
1.0
2.8
4.4
4.6
2.8
3.2
2.7
2.3
2.3
2.5
48.2
49.6
46.8
46.1
46.5
45.9
47.3
47.5
45.6
43.1
8.5
7.7
6.5
6.6
5.6
5.6
6.2
6.5
6.0
6.0
39.7
41.8
40.3
39.6
40.9
40.3
41.0
41.0
39.6
37.1
2.4
3.6
3.6
4.1
4.0
3.2
6.3
6.6
5.9
5.9
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
3.0
3.8
4.7
4.7
4.7
67.0
63.9
63.1
62.0
65.5
11.8
11.6
10.9
11.0
67.0
52.1
51.6
51.0
54.5
6.2
4.2
4.6
4.3
5.4
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
3.9
3.2
3.7
4.0
5.0
9.6
65.1
70.0
68.6
66.8
71.9
72.9
11.2
11.3
11.0
53.9
70.0
68.6
66.8
60.6
61.9
4.5
10.7
10.8
10.6
6.5
9.5
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2099
0.5
3.6
5.0
4.5
1.0
50.9
52.4
49.6
48.5
47.9
14.4
7.6
6.9
36.5
52.4
42.0
41.5
47.9
4.3
9.3
5.1
4.8
9.9
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.9
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.0
62.0
61.9
61.0
62.2
64.6
65.2
63.9
65.2
67.1
16.1
15.6
14.6
14.5
14.8
14.6
14.6
15.6
15.8
45.9
46.3
46.4
47.8
49.8
50.7
49.2
49.6
51.3
6.1
5.7
6.0
7.4
6.4
6.8
7.0
7.3
11.6
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.2
5.8
4.1
4.6
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.1
5.0
46.4
44.9
43.1
46.5
48.5
50.8
48.1
51.6
52.6
8.0
7.1
7.1
9.1
8.4
9.2
8.4
8.8
9.8
38.4
37.8
36.0
37.4
40.0
41.6
39.7
42.7
42.8
3.2
4.7
3.6
4.1
4.5
5.4
4.5
4.5
6.8
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.6
5.8
5.0
5.3
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.4
41.8
41.0
41.0
37.9
42.5
42.8
42.9
42.7
44.8
8.5
7.9
7.8
7.1
8.2
8.1
8.2
8.1
9.1
33.3
33.1
33.2
30.8
34.2
34.7
34.7
34.7
35.7
5.2
4.8
4.4
5.1
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.6
6.2
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.2
4.6
4.3
3.8
4.2
4.0
4.8
3.7
3.2
53.1
55.0
52.2
53.1
53.7
51.9
50.8
50.4
51.1
12.0
10.8
11.3
11.4
11.4
11.2
12.2
13.0
12.5
41.1
44.1
40.9
41.7
42.3
40.7
38.6
37.4
38.6
7.0
7.7
7.1
7.4
7.8
8.3
7.1
6.8
6.9
Uruguay
2007
4.9
69.8
15.0
54.8
6.5
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.8
4.8
4.8
5.1
70.1
70.4
71.7
71.9
15.0
14.5
14.6
14.6
55.2
56.0
57.1
57.3
6.6
6.9
7.1
7.5
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.5
6.4
5.0
5.1
5.4
4.7
4.8
4.5
4.1
4.0
3.8
3.4
3.5
66.6
61.6
62.8
57.9
54.7
55.4
57.5
58.3
59.1
58.1
57.6
56.8
57.0
20.0
16.2
16.8
14.9
13.8
15.4
15.8
16.6
17.0
17.9
18.7
18.9
19.7
46.6
45.3
46.0
43.0
40.9
40.0
41.7
41.7
42.1
40.2
38.9
37.8
37.3
5.0
5.2
5.5
4.9
3.9
4.7
6.1
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.3
a/ En Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994 y 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004 - 2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluye a los asalariados del sector pblico.
b/ Incluye profesionales y tcnicos.
Sin informacin.
LABORAL, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 2011

s)
Trabajadores por cuenta
propia y familiares no
remunerados
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
b/
18.1
19.1
20.4
24.4
22.5
24.2
66.3
67.3
65.3
60.9
58.5
56.2
48.2
39.0
40.1
39.0
41.3
43.8
43.8
44.8
44.5
45.1
45.4
46.5
46.5
47.9
29.9
37.2
35.9
37.1
33.7
33.8
33.8
33.1
33.1
32.0
31.6
29.7
29.3
28.6
61.6
60.0
54.5
59.2
52.2
52.8
55.6
52.1
54.7
24.4
23.0
21.5
21.4
21.1
21.6
21.3
20.6
20.7
47.0
50.9
45.5
42.5
39.4
39.3
38.7
40.1
39.4
38.5
37.4
36.3
32.8
37.8
42.4
45.3
45.5
45.8
44.1
45.8
47.8
48.6
37.3
48.6
49.4
52.2
51.1
52.2
44.1
44.3
46.4
45.4
47.2
45.8
44.8
50.5
49.9
24.7
21.4
22.7
20.9
23.8
23.1
21.1
21.6
19.7
19.6
20.1
20.4
20.2
35.6
38.5
38.4
39.0
40.4
39.3
39.4
37.8
44.9
41.9
43.2
42.3
40.0
42.5
41.8
43.9
42.8
42.8
44.6
42.4
45.7
42.1
43.4
37.7
38.0
35.8
39.0
36.1
40.5
39.6
38.4
40.6
35.4
37.6
49.9
47.1
50.0
48.1
37.3
38.3
36.7
35.5
36.9
37.1
34.7
34.4
33.6
31.2
50.8
47.6
48.9
49.3
50.7
50.9
50.0
50.2
52.1
54.4
60.8
48.0
47.0
46.7
49.2
30.0
32.3
32.1
33.4
29.8
49.3
59.3
57.8
56.3
54.1
47.9
31.0
26.8
27.7
29.2
23.1
17.5
32.2
43.1
37.0
36.8
38.0
48.5
44.0
45.4
47.1
50.6
39.8
40.6
40.4
40.4
43.5
43.9
42.2
42.3
39.7
35.1
34.9
35.9
34.7
32.4
31.6
33.1
31.6
29.9
35.2
33.1
32.4
33.3
35.5
36.2
35.2
38.3
36.0
48.4
49.3
52.8
48.9
46.3
43.9
46.2
43.2
42.3
28.1
28.3
28.8
25.6
29.0
29.2
29.1
29.1
29.5
52.6
53.2
53.9
56.8
51.8
51.7
51.7
51.5
49.8
34.1
36.4
33.8
34.3
34.5
32.3
31.6
30.5
31.7
43.8
40.4
43.4
43.1
42.1
44.1
44.3
45.9
45.8
48.3
25.3
48.6
49.1
50.0
49.8
25.0
24.7
23.5
23.0
41.6
40.1
40.5
38.1
37.0
35.3
35.6
36.3
36.8
34.9
33.4
32.3
32.0
25.9
32.0
32.2
36.9
39.9
39.9
37.6
37.3
36.8
37.9
38.7
39.8
39.6
eciales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a los asalariados del sector pblico.
Cuadro 18.1
DISTRIBUCIN DE LA POBLACIN ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 201
Pas
Ao
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales y
tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Argentina c/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
5.4
4.6
5.3
4.4
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.4
4.5
4.5
69.0
69.4
73.2
72.6
72.0
74.3
74.7
75.6
75.9
76.4
76.9
11.7
15.6
21.8
18.3
17.1
16.7
15.9
16.0
16.2
69.0
69.4
61.5
57.0
50.3
56.0
57.5
58.9
60.0
60.4
60.6
6.9
15.6
11.9
10.8
10.5
9.2
9.4
9.3
10.3
10.9
10.8
62.1
53.7
49.7
46.3
39.8
46.7
48.2
49.6
49.7
49.5
49.8
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 d/
1994 d/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
2.2
7.6
7.0
4.2
4.3
4.9
6.9
5.3
54.0
54.0
46.2
47.5
47.7
49.3
54.1
54.3
17.9
12.8
10.5
10.3
10.4
8.7
12.4
12.0
36.1
41.2
35.7
37.2
37.3
40.5
41.8
42.3
4.3
6.8
6.7
7.3
5.6
5.6
8.9
9.0
31.8
34.5
29.0
29.9
31.6
34.9
32.9
33.3
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
5.2
4.1
4.2
4.7
4.6
4.8
4.6
4.6
4.7
5.0
4.2
4.9
4.7
3.7
72.0
68.1
68.5
66.7
68.8
68.5
68.6
69.9
69.6
70.2
71.1
71.8
72.0
73.8
14.4
13.7
13.0
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.5
12.4
12.6
12.8
12.6
12.9
13.2
72.0
53.7
54.7
53.7
56.1
55.9
55.9
57.3
57.2
57.6
58.3
59.1
59.1
60.6
21.1
10.7
10.9
11.0
11.6
8.5
8.6
8.5
8.9
8.9
9.4
9.5
9.7
9.5
50.9
43.1
43.8
42.7
44.5
47.4
47.4
48.8
48.2
48.7
48.8
49.7
49.4
51.2
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
2.5
3.3
3.9
4.2
4.5
4.1
3.2
3.1
1.9
74.8
75.0
76.4
76.1
75.8
75.6
76.5
77.0
78.1
10.9
12.8
11.5
10.5
12.4
10.8
74.8
75.0
65.5
76.1
62.9
64.1
66.0
64.6
67.2
12.9
15.4
11.6
17.1
11.9
12.2
11.3
13.6
13.7
61.9
59.6
53.9
59.0
51.0
51.9
54.7
51.0
53.5
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
4.2
4.8
4.4
4.3
5.0
66.1
68.1
62.2
57.5
52.8
11.6
8.6
9.9
8.7
7.7
54.5
59.5
52.3
48.8
45.1
4.8
6.0
6.4
5.7
5.2
49.7
53.5
45.9
43.0
39.9
Cuadro 18.1
Pas
Ao
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales y
tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.1
5.5
5.3
4.8
4.9
4.8
4.9
52.7
52.5
54.3
51.6
50.4
49.6
49.4
7.5
7.4
7.4
6.2
5.5
5.1
5.0
45.2
45.1
47.0
45.3
44.9
44.6
44.5
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.9
5.2
6.0
6.2
39.6
39.4
41.3
39.4
39.7
38.6
38.2
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.5
6.6
7.7
8.0
8.1
8.3
7.3
7.5
7.2
7.3
7.5
3.5
4.1
74.8
75.2
72.5
72.8
71.3
70.5
73.6
72.6
74.8
74.4
74.5
78.4
78.0
25.0
21.8
20.5
17.2
17.3
17.0
17.2
17.2
16.5
16.5
18.2
12.1
12.0
49.7
53.4
52.0
55.6
54.0
53.5
56.4
55.4
58.3
57.9
56.3
66.3
66.0
6.1
7.5
7.3
8.9
13.2
13.2
14.0
14.1
15.6
16.4
15.4
18.2
19.1
43.6
45.9
44.7
46.7
40.8
40.3
42.5
41.3
42.8
41.5
40.9
48.1
46.9
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.0
7.9
7.8
8.8
6.9
6.5
6.4
6.5
5.7
5.9
4.6
4.2
3.6
58.9
58.0
59.2
59.1
58.4
57.7
60.1
59.5
59.0
59.7
60.2
61.0
58.5
17.5
13.7
13.8
10.7
11.5
10.6
10.0
9.7
10.0
10.6
10.6
12.1
11.8
41.4
44.3
45.4
48.4
46.9
47.1
50.1
49.8
49.0
49.1
49.6
48.9
46.7
4.5
5.6
6.3
6.8
7.7
9.2
9.4
8.6
9.3
9.0
8.8
8.9
8.0
36.9
38.7
39.0
41.5
39.2
37.9
40.7
41.3
39.7
40.1
40.8
40.0
38.8
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
6.2
5.7
4.6
5.0
4.9
4.6
4.4
60.9
61.3
65.2
62.2
61.4
59.8
60.5
12.5
13.3
12.3
11.3
10.6
9.8
10.0
48.4
48.0
52.9
50.8
50.7
49.9
50.5
7.2
7.8
9.1
8.3
8.2
8.2
7.7
41.2
40.3
43.9
42.5
42.5
41.7
42.8
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
2.8
4.7
6.8
5.0
64.2
58.9
57.1
58.9
14.4
8.2
6.9
7.4
49.8
50.7
50.2
51.5
6.2
9.2
10.2
9.8
43.6
41.5
40.0
41.7
Honduras
1990
1994
1.5
4.2
65.5
65.0
14.4
11.3
51.1
53.6
4.9
6.8
46.2
46.8
Cuadro 18.1
Pas
Ao
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales y
tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
6.3
6.2
4.3
5.1
3.9
3.5
3.8
3.8
60.3
60.2
58.8
56.9
59.1
59.0
56.4
55.9
10.1
9.7
9.7
9.6
10.6
11.0
10.4
10.3
50.2
50.5
49.1
47.3
48.5
48.0
46.0
45.6
6.5
7.3
7.2
5.9
10.9
11.2
10.7
11.0
43.7
43.2
41.9
41.4
37.6
36.7
35.3
34.6
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
3.3
3.7
4.5
4.8
4.5
4.3
3.2
3.6
3.9
4.2
7.3
76.4
74.6
73.4
72.9
74.2
72.4
74.9
74.7
73.0
79.0
78.9
16.1
15.1
14.2
13.6
13.2
13.1
12.7
76.4
58.4
58.3
58.7
60.6
59.2
74.9
74.7
73.0
65.9
66.1
9.0
6.6
7.1
6.6
8.1
6.3
13.6
13.7
13.9
8.9
12.9
67.4
51.8
51.2
52.0
52.5
53.0
61.2
61.1
59.1
57.0
47.3
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
0.7
3.8
4.7
5.4
1.0
60.8
59.6
58.2
58.4
56.6
20.6
10.4
9.7
40.1
59.6
47.8
48.8
56.6
6.7
13.5
7.4
7.4
14.0
33.4
46.1
40.4
41.4
42.6
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.0
2.8
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.5
78.6
79.6
77.0
76.7
74.4
73.7
73.2
73.6
75.6
75.8
74.9
75.8
77.9
30.1
27.6
24.5
21.1
20.4
19.5
18.3
17.8
18.4
18.0
18.4
19.2
19.3
48.5
52.1
52.5
55.6
54.0
54.1
54.9
55.8
57.2
57.9
56.5
56.6
58.6
9.0
8.3
11.4
12.2
8.9
8.1
8.6
10.5
9.1
9.6
9.9
10.1
15.8
39.5
43.7
41.2
43.4
45.1
46.0
46.2
45.3
48.1
48.2
46.6
46.5
42.8
Paraguay
1990 e/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
8.9
9.2
6.8
6.6
7.6
5.3
6.4
6.4
6.6
6.3
68.4
61.9
57.9
62.2
59.9
58.0
61.8
63.0
64.5
62.9
11.9
10.5
10.0
11.8
11.1
10.9
12.6
11.5
12.9
12.1
56.5
51.4
47.9
50.4
48.8
47.1
49.2
51.5
51.7
50.7
5.5
4.5
3.8
5.1
7.7
5.9
6.5
7.1
8.4
6.8
51.0
46.9
44.1
45.3
41.1
41.3
42.7
44.4
43.2
43.9
Cuadro 18.1
Pas
Ao
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales y
tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
2010
2011
6.1
6.1
66.6
66.2
13.1
13.4
53.5
52.8
6.9
10.7
46.5
42.1
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.8
5.6
4.8
5.2
6.1
5.6
5.8
6.2
5.6
53.7
52.9
53.1
51.2
54.0
54.5
54.6
53.7
53.8
11.2
11.0
10.7
9.7
11.2
10.6
11.0
10.7
11.4
42.5
41.9
42.4
41.5
42.8
43.9
43.6
43.0
42.5
7.9
7.4
6.9
8.1
8.0
8.4
8.7
8.5
8.3
34.6
34.5
35.6
33.4
34.8
35.4
34.9
34.5
34.2
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.9
5.5
4.9
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.3
3.6
61.3
61.6
58.9
58.9
59.6
57.4
57.1
55.8
56.3
13.8
11.9
13.1
13.2
12.7
12.8
14.0
14.8
14.0
47.5
49.7
45.8
45.6
46.9
44.6
43.1
41.0
42.3
9.5
10.0
9.3
9.5
10.2
11.2
9.6
9.2
9.2
38.0
39.7
36.4
36.1
36.7
33.5
33.5
31.9
33.1
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.8
4.8
4.3
4.0
3.7
3.5
3.9
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.6
74.1
72.3
71.9
72.4
69.9
70.2
69.7
71.1
71.4
71.7
72.6
73.9
21.8
18.7
17.7
16.2
17.9
17.7
16.6
15.7
15.7
15.2
15.1
15.4
52.3
53.6
54.2
56.1
52.1
52.5
53.1
55.3
55.7
56.5
57.5
58.5
13.3
5.4
5.8
6.5
6.5
6.7
6.7
6.9
7.0
7.4
7.4
8.1
39.0
48.2
48.5
49.7
45.6
45.8
46.4
48.4
48.7
49.1
50.1
50.4
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
7.5
6.1
5.0
70.0
64.5
63.6
22.1
18.1
17.5
47.9
46.4
46.1
5.8
6.1
5.8
42.1
40.3
40.3
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos p
a/
b/
a/
d/
e/
En Argentina (1990-1994), Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994 y 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004 - 2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluye a los asalariados del sector p
Incluye profesionales y tcnicos.
Cuadro 18.1
TIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011

e 15 aos y ms, en porcentajes)
remunerados
Total
b/
25.4
26.0
21.5
22.9
24.0
21.7
21.4
20.3
19.7
19.1
18.6
43.8
38.4
46.8
48.3
48.0
45.8
39.0
40.4
22.8
27.7
27.3
28.6
26.6
26.7
26.8
25.6
25.7
24.8
24.7
23.3
23.3
22.5
22.7
21.7
19.7
19.7
19.8
20.2
20.4
19.9
20.1
29.6
27.1
33.4
38.2
42.1
Cuadro 18.1

remunerados
Total
b/
42.2
42.1
40.3
43.6
44.7
45.5
45.7
19.7
18.2
19.8
19.2
20.6
21.2
19.1
19.9
18.0
18.3
18.0
18.1
17.9
36.1
34.1
33.0
32.1
34.7
35.8
33.6
34.0
35.3
34.4
35.2
34.8
37.9
33.0
33.0
30.3
32.8
33.7
35.7
35.1
33.0
36.4
36.1
36.2
33.0
30.9
Cuadro 18.1

remunerados
Total
b/
33.4
33.6
36.9
38.0
37.0
37.6
39.7
40.3
20.3
21.7
22.1
22.4
21.3
23.3
22.0
21.7
23.1
16.8
13.9
38.3
36.6
37.1
36.2
41.8
18.4
17.6
19.7
20.1
22.1
22.9
23.2
22.7
20.9
20.4
21.5
20.7
18.6
22.7
28.9
35.3
31.1
32.5
36.7
31.9
30.6
28.7
30.5
Cuadro 18.1

remunerados
Total
b/
27.1
27.5
40.5
41.5
42.1
43.6
39.9
39.9
39.6
40.1
40.6
34.8
32.9
36.3
36.6
35.8
37.8
38.0
39.8
40.1
20.1
22.9
23.8
23.6
26.3
26.3
26.4
24.5
24.0
23.8
22.9
21.5
22.4
29.4
31.4
la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
o (1989, 2004 - 2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluye a los asalariados del sector pblico.
Cuadro 18.1a
DISTRIBUCIN DE LA POBLACIN MASCULINA ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990
Pas
Ao
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales y
tcnicos
Argentina c/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
6.9
5.9
6.4
5.8
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.8
68.4
67.6
72.6
70.2
66.8
71.0
71.3
72.3
72.9
73.5
73.8
8.7
12.3
15.5
13.7
12.9
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.7
68.4
67.6
63.9
57.8
51.3
57.3
58.5
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.2
6.3
13.1
10.7
9.9
10.1
9.0
9.2
8.8
9.1
9.8
9.9
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 d/
1994 d/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
3.2
10.7
10.1
5.8
6.1
7.0
8.7
6.7
60.4
62.0
52.0
55.5
54.8
57.3
59.5
60.2
20.0
13.9
10.0
10.3
10.2
8.1
11.6
11.0
40.4
48.1
42.0
45.1
44.7
49.2
47.8
49.1
4.8
7.8
7.8
9.1
6.9
6.6
10.3
9.6
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
6.9
5.6
5.4
6.2
5.9
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.9
6.3
5.3
6.2
6.1
4.6
71.0
66.4
65.9
63.5
65.7
65.7
65.7
67.0
67.0
67.5
68.5
69.5
69.2
70.3
11.8
10.9
10.2
9.9
10.0
9.9
9.9
9.6
10.0
9.9
9.8
10.0
10.0
71.0
54.6
54.9
53.3
55.9
55.7
55.8
57.1
57.4
57.6
58.6
59.7
59.2
60.3
15.9
9.5
9.2
9.1
9.6
8.6
8.5
8.8
9.1
9.1
9.8
9.7
9.9
9.5
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
3.1
3.9
4.5
5.0
5.7
4.8
3.7
72.7
73.7
75.0
74.3
74.0
74.1
75.9
9.5
11.6
9.8
9.2
72.7
73.7
65.5
74.3
62.4
64.3
66.7
9.8
13.3
11.4
14.8
11.8
11.8
10.5
2009
2011
3.7
2.1
76.1
77.6
10.7
8.8
65.5
68.7
12.7
13.0
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.6
6.3
5.6
5.4
6.7
6.7
7.1
6.9
6.3
6.5
6.3
6.5
63.2
65.4
58.8
54.4
50.5
50.8
50.2
52.4
49.3
48.8
48.4
48.7
10.8
8.0
8.7
7.9
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.7
5.6
4.8
4.7
4.7
52.3
57.3
50.1
46.5
43.8
44.1
43.7
45.7
43.7
44.0
43.8
44.0
4.4
5.2
5.9
5.1
4.8
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.1
5.9
6.1
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.2
8.1
9.9
10.2
10.3
10.7
9.2
9.4
9.1
9.3
9.8
4.7
5.2
72.1
73.2
70.7
71.3
70.3
69.5
72.5
70.8
72.4
72.8
73.3
76.4
75.9
23.0
20.1
16.5
14.6
13.6
13.2
13.8
13.9
13.5
13.2
15.1
10.6
10.8
49.1
53.1
54.2
56.7
56.8
56.2
58.7
56.9
58.9
59.6
58.2
65.7
65.1
7.0
7.7
7.7
9.6
15.2
14.5
15.3
14.9
15.7
17.1
16.1
19.0
19.0
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.3
9.7
9.8
11.2
8.4
8.3
7.7
7.8
7.4
7.6
5.9
5.5
4.7
60.3
59.6
59.7
60.6
60.4
61.0
62.2
63.0
62.4
63.1
63.8
63.6
61.8
17.4
13.0
12.8
10.4
10.6
9.9
9.3
8.9
9.7
10.3
9.8
10.7
10.8
42.9
46.6
46.9
50.2
49.8
51.0
52.9
54.1
52.7
52.7
54.0
52.9
51.0
4.0
5.3
5.7
5.7
7.2
8.3
8.2
7.7
8.0
7.8
7.7
7.8
6.7
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
8.6
7.6
6.2
6.4
6.5
5.9
5.4
67.2
67.5
72.4
69.5
68.5
65.9
67.3
13.0
14.1
12.9
11.2
10.9
9.7
9.8
54.1
53.3
59.5
58.3
57.6
56.2
57.5
8.3
8.8
10.3
10.0
9.0
8.6
8.0
Guatemala
1989
1998
3.6
6.2
66.1
64.3
15.0
8.4
51.1
55.9
6.2
9.7
2002
2006
9.4
6.5
61.2
64.2
7.0
6.8
54.2
57.5
10.4
9.9
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
1.9
5.7
8.8
8.4
5.4
6.7
4.9
4.5
4.7
4.8
69.8
65.8
62.4
63.3
60.1
59.0
60.7
60.0
59.1
58.2
13.6
10.3
8.3
8.0
7.7
7.6
8.2
8.7
8.0
8.2
56.2
55.6
54.1
55.3
52.4
51.3
52.4
51.3
51.0
50.0
5.4
6.9
6.1
7.9
7.2
6.0
11.2
11.6
11.3
11.3
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
4.3
4.9
5.8
6.3
6.0
5.8
4.3
4.5
5.1
5.4
8.2
76.5
75.5
75.2
74.9
76.6
74.2
77.4
77.0
75.9
81.0
80.4
13.9
13.7
12.9
11.3
12.0
11.8
11.3
76.5
61.6
61.4
62.0
65.3
62.2
77.4
77.0
75.9
69.3
69.1
9.3
6.9
7.2
6.8
8.9
6.2
11.5
12.1
12.7
8.8
14.0
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
0.9
5.6
6.3
6.8
1.4
64.3
62.8
63.6
64.0
59.9
18.8
8.2
7.6
45.4
62.8
55.3
56.4
59.9
6.6
11.7
7.8
7.2
12.0
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.0
3.7
4.6
4.2
4.6
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.6
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.4
72.5
74.1
72.3
73.2
70.0
69.1
69.4
70.3
72.3
73.8
73.2
73.1
73.8
26.9
24.7
21.9
19.0
17.7
16.7
15.1
14.8
15.9
15.3
15.1
15.4
15.6
45.6
49.4
50.4
54.2
52.3
52.5
54.3
55.5
56.4
58.5
58.1
57.7
58.3
10.2
8.9
12.2
13.1
8.2
6.9
7.7
7.9
7.9
8.6
8.9
9.1
13.7
Paraguay
1990 e/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
13.5
11.9
9.1
9.0
10.3
7.2
8.4
8.2
69.1
63.4
60.3
64.0
60.6
59.1
62.3
64.4
12.3
10.2
9.0
11.9
9.9
10.0
11.5
10.2
56.8
53.2
51.2
52.1
50.8
49.1
50.9
54.1
4.9
4.6
4.0
5.3
8.3
5.9
6.6
7.6
2008
2009
2010
2011
9.1
8.4
7.8
8.2
66.4
65.0
68.8
67.5
12.0
11.4
12.5
11.7
54.4
53.6
56.3
55.8
8.5
6.9
7.3
10.2
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.5
8.0
6.7
7.2
8.2
7.4
7.5
8.2
7.6
58.9
55.8
57.9
55.1
58.2
58.8
59.4
57.9
57.5
11.5
11.4
10.7
9.7
11.3
10.7
11.2
10.7
11.0
47.3
44.4
47.2
45.4
46.9
48.1
48.2
47.2
46.5
7.9
8.3
7.5
8.0
8.2
9.0
9.1
8.9
8.6
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.8
6.6
5.9
5.4
5.9
6.3
5.8
4.8
4.5
55.3
54.9
53.0
52.0
52.3
50.5
49.2
48.3
48.1
12.5
9.9
10.7
10.7
10.2
10.4
10.7
12.0
10.7
42.7
45.0
42.3
41.3
42.2
40.1
38.4
36.3
37.5
8.0
8.2
7.9
7.7
8.1
9.7
8.1
7.7
6.8
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.1
6.3
5.7
5.2
4.9
4.6
5.3
5.8
5.9
5.9
5.9
6.0
73.0
70.8
69.2
69.2
65.5
66.7
66.8
68.8
69.2
69.7
70.6
72.1
22.8
18.6
17.4
15.6
17.2
16.7
15.2
14.5
14.5
13.9
13.5
13.7
50.1
52.2
51.8
53.6
48.3
49.9
51.5
54.3
54.7
55.9
57.0
58.4
11.1
4.8
4.8
5.4
5.7
6.2
6.3
6.5
6.7
7.3
7.1
7.6
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
10.2
8.4
6.7
66.2
60.6
62.1
16.9
13.0
12.8
49.3
47.6
49.4
5.5
5.2
5.4
a/ En Argentina (1990-1994), Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994 y 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004 - 2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluye a los asalariados del se
c/ Total urbano, a excepcin de 1990 y 1997 que corresponden a Gran Buenos Aires.
d/ Ocho ciudades capitales de departamento y El Alto.
Sin informacin.
CIN LABORAL, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011

remunerados
Sector privado
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
b/
62.0
54.5
53.2
48.0
41.3
48.3
49.3
50.6
51.0
50.9
51.2
24.6
26.4
21.1
24.0
28.0
23.9
23.5
22.4
21.6
20.9
20.4
35.5
40.3
34.2
36.0
37.7
42.5
37.5
39.6
36.4
27.3
37.9
38.7
39.1
35.7
31.8
33.1
55.1
45.1
45.7
44.2
46.3
47.1
47.3
48.4
48.3
48.5
48.8
50.0
49.3
50.8
22.1
28.0
28.7
30.3
28.3
28.2
28.4
27.2
27.1
26.1
26.1
24.3
24.6
25.1
62.9
60.4
54.1
59.5
50.7
52.5
56.2
24.2
22.4
20.5
20.7
20.3
21.0
20.3
52.8
55.7
20.2
20.4
47.9
52.1
44.2
41.4
39.0
38.7
38.3
40.3
38.2
39.0
37.8
37.9
31.3
28.4
35.6
40.2
42.9
42.5
42.7
40.8
44.4
44.7
45.2
44.8
42.1
45.4
46.5
47.1
41.6
41.8
43.4
41.9
43.2
42.4
42.1
46.8
46.1
20.6
18.7
19.5
18.5
19.3
19.8
18.3
19.8
18.5
17.9
16.9
19.0
18.9
38.9
41.3
41.1
44.5
42.6
42.8
44.7
46.4
44.7
45.0
46.3
45.1
44.3
33.4
30.6
30.6
28.2
31.2
30.7
30.1
29.3
30.2
29.3
30.3
30.9
33.6
45.8
44.5
49.2
48.3
48.6
47.6
49.6
24.3
24.9
21.5
24.1
25.0
28.2
27.2
44.9
46.2
30.3
29.5
43.8
47.6
29.4
29.3
50.8
48.7
48.1
47.4
45.2
45.3
41.3
39.7
39.8
38.8
28.3
28.4
28.8
28.4
34.5
34.3
34.4
35.5
36.2
37.0
67.2
54.7
54.3
55.3
56.4
56.0
65.8
64.9
63.2
60.5
51.3
19.3
19.6
19.0
18.8
17.3
20.0
18.4
18.5
19.0
13.6
11.4
38.8
51.1
47.5
49.2
47.9
34.7
31.6
30.2
29.2
38.1
35.4
40.5
38.2
41.1
44.1
45.6
46.5
47.6
48.4
49.9
49.2
48.6
44.6
23.5
22.2
23.1
22.6
25.5
26.2
25.7
24.8
23.1
21.4
22.0
22.3
21.8
51.9
48.6
47.3
46.8
42.4
43.2
44.3
46.5
17.4
24.7
30.6
27.0
29.1
33.7
29.2
27.4
45.9
46.7
49.0
45.6
24.3
26.4
23.2
24.0
39.5
36.1
39.7
37.4
38.7
39.1
39.1
38.3
37.9
32.6
36.1
35.4
37.7
33.6
33.8
33.1
33.9
34.9
34.7
36.8
34.3
33.6
34.1
30.4
30.4
28.6
30.6
39.9
38.5
41.1
42.6
41.7
43.1
45.0
46.9
47.4
39.0
47.4
47.0
48.2
42.6
43.7
45.3
47.7
47.9
48.6
49.9
50.8
18.9
22.9
25.1
25.5
29.6
28.7
28.0
25.5
24.9
24.4
23.5
21.9
43.8
42.3
44.0
23.6
31.1
31.1
a (1998) se incluye a los asalariados del sector pblico.
Cuadro 18.1b
DISTRIBUCIN DE LA POBLACIN FEMENINA ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 (Poblacin de 15 aos y ms, en porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales y
tcnicos
Argentina c/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
2.8
2.3
3.5
2.5
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.4
3.0
2.9
2.6
70.2
72.3
74.3
76.2
79.2
78.8
79.3
80.1
80.0
80.6
81.2
16.7
20.4
30.4
24.7
23.0
22.1
20.1
20.6
21.3
70.2
72.3
57.6
55.8
48.8
54.1
56.3
58.0
59.9
60.0
59.9
8.0
19.9
13.7
12.1
11.0
9.5
9.7
9.8
11.9
12.4
12.1
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 d/
1994 d/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
0.8
3.5
2.8
2.2
2.2
2.3
4.6
3.4
45.3
43.6
38.5
37.3
39.0
39.5
47.1
46.8
15.0
11.4
11.1
10.2
10.7
9.4
13.3
13.1
30.2
32.2
27.4
27.1
28.3
30.1
33.8
33.7
3.6
5.4
5.4
5.0
4.1
4.4
6.9
8.3
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
2.5
1.8
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.1
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.2
2.7
3.3
3.0
2.5
73.6
70.8
72.3
71.3
73.0
72.4
72.5
73.7
73.0
73.7
74.5
74.7
75.5
78.4
18.3
17.9
16.9
16.6
16.4
16.4
16.1
16.1
16.0
16.6
16.3
16.6
17.3
73.6
52.5
54.5
54.4
56.4
56.0
56.1
57.6
56.9
57.7
57.9
58.4
58.9
61.1
29.7
12.6
13.6
13.8
14.5
8.3
8.7
8.3
8.6
8.7
9.0
9.1
9.4
9.4
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
1.4
2.2
2.9
3.0
2.6
3.0
2.3
78.5
77.3
78.8
79.0
78.5
78.0
77.3
13.2
14.9
14.1
12.5
78.5
77.3
65.6
79.0
63.7
63.8
64.8
18.4
19.0
11.9
20.7
12.1
12.8
12.4
2009
2011
2.3
1.6
78.3
78.7
14.9
13.7
63.4
65.1
15.0
14.5
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.2
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.9
2.9
3.3
3.3
2.8
2.8
3.0
2.9
70.6
72.1
66.9
61.7
56.0
55.3
55.5
57.0
54.5
52.4
51.2
50.3
12.8
9.4
11.6
9.9
9.2
8.5
8.6
8.3
7.2
6.3
5.5
5.3
57.9
62.8
55.3
51.8
46.8
46.7
46.9
48.7
47.4
46.1
45.6
45.0
5.4
7.2
6.9
6.6
5.7
5.8
6.1
6.2
6.4
5.4
6.0
6.4
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.3
4.0
4.0
4.4
4.7
4.4
4.3
4.6
4.2
4.6
4.3
1.8
2.5
79.6
78.6
75.7
75.2
72.7
72.2
75.3
75.5
78.4
76.6
76.2
81.3
80.9
28.7
24.7
27.5
21.5
23.0
23.2
22.4
22.2
21.0
20.9
22.7
14.2
13.6
50.9
53.9
48.2
53.7
49.7
49.1
52.9
53.3
57.4
55.7
53.5
67.1
67.2
4.5
7.1
6.6
7.7
10.1
11.2
11.9
12.8
15.3
15.3
14.3
17.2
19.3
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.7
5.0
4.5
5.0
4.5
3.7
4.4
4.5
3.5
3.4
2.7
2.3
2.1
56.5
55.4
58.4
56.7
55.0
52.9
56.8
54.3
54.1
55.0
55.2
57.2
53.8
17.7
14.8
15.5
11.3
12.8
11.7
10.9
10.9
10.3
11.0
11.7
14.0
13.1
38.8
40.7
42.9
45.4
42.2
41.2
45.9
43.4
43.8
44.1
43.5
43.2
40.7
5.5
6.2
7.4
8.7
8.4
10.5
11.2
9.8
11.1
10.9
10.4
10.4
9.8
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
3.3
3.3
2.7
3.4
3.1
3.1
3.2
53.3
53.8
57.1
53.9
53.3
52.9
53.0
11.8
12.2
11.5
11.5
10.3
10.0
10.2
41.5
41.6
45.5
42.4
43.0
42.9
42.8
5.9
6.5
7.6
6.5
7.4
7.7
7.5
Guatemala
1989
1998
1.5
2.7
61.1
52.0
13.4
7.8
47.7
44.2
6.1
8.6
2002
2006
3.3
3.0
51.6
51.9
6.8
8.2
44.8
43.6
9.8
9.7
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
0.9
1.8
3.1
3.6
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.0
2.7
2.5
59.1
63.6
57.4
56.5
57.1
54.3
57.0
57.6
53.1
53.1
15.5
12.9
12.4
11.8
12.4
12.1
13.5
13.9
13.5
12.9
43.6
50.7
45.1
44.7
44.8
42.2
43.5
43.7
39.6
40.2
4.1
6.7
7.0
6.6
7.2
5.8
10.5
10.8
9.9
10.6
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
1.3
1.5
2.1
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.4
5.9
76.3
72.8
70.4
69.5
70.2
69.6
71.2
71.4
69.0
76.1
76.6
20.3
17.5
16.5
17.5
15.2
15.2
14.9
76.3
52.5
52.9
53.0
52.6
54.4
71.2
71.4
69.0
60.9
61.7
8.4
6.1
7.0
6.5
6.6
6.4
16.7
16.0
15.6
9.1
11.3
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
0.5
1.3
2.5
3.6
0.6
56.1
55.2
50.8
51.1
52.5
23.0
13.4
12.3
33.0
55.2
37.4
38.8
52.5
6.9
15.8
6.8
7.6
16.6
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.4
87.1
88.1
83.9
81.8
81.1
80.4
78.7
78.6
80.4
78.7
77.2
79.5
83.5
34.6
32.0
28.2
24.2
24.6
23.8
22.9
22.2
22.0
21.8
23.0
24.6
24.5
52.5
56.2
55.6
57.6
56.5
56.6
55.7
56.3
58.3
56.9
54.2
55.0
59.0
7.4
7.4
10.2
10.8
10.1
10.0
9.9
14.4
10.8
11.1
11.2
11.6
18.6
Paraguay
1990 e/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2.4
5.3
3.5
3.4
4.2
2.8
3.8
4.0
67.4
59.7
54.7
59.7
59.0
56.7
61.0
61.1
11.3
10.9
11.4
11.6
12.6
12.1
14.0
13.1
56.1
48.8
43.3
48.1
46.4
44.6
47.1
48.0
6.5
4.3
3.5
5.0
6.9
5.8
6.4
6.3
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.4
62.0
59.9
63.5
64.4
14.0
13.2
13.9
15.5
47.9
46.7
49.6
48.9
8.3
6.6
6.5
11.4
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.7
3.7
3.3
3.6
3.8
3.3
47.1
49.4
47.0
46.3
48.9
49.4
48.8
48.8
49.5
10.8
10.5
10.6
9.6
11.1
10.6
10.8
10.8
11.8
36.3
38.9
36.3
36.7
37.7
38.8
38.0
38.0
37.6
7.9
6.4
6.0
8.3
7.7
7.8
8.2
8.1
8.0
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.4
3.7
3.1
3.1
2.4
2.3
3.3
3.6
2.5
70.9
72.6
68.6
69.8
71.6
68.4
70.1
67.1
67.9
15.9
15.2
17.0
17.2
16.9
16.5
19.4
19.0
18.7
55.0
57.4
51.6
52.6
54.7
51.9
50.7
48.1
49.2
11.8
13.1
11.7
12.3
13.6
13.5
12.0
11.4
12.5
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.4
2.8
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
75.8
74.4
75.8
76.7
76.0
74.8
73.4
74.1
74.3
74.0
75.0
76.0
20.2
18.9
18.1
17.0
18.8
18.9
18.4
17.4
17.3
16.7
17.0
17.5
55.6
55.5
57.7
59.6
57.2
55.9
55.0
56.7
57.0
57.3
58.0
58.5
16.5
6.2
7.1
7.9
7.5
7.3
7.2
7.4
7.3
7.5
7.8
8.7
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
2.3
1.7
1.9
77.5
72.3
66.1
32.3
28.1
25.9
45.2
44.2
40.2
6.4
8.0
6.6
a/ En Argentina (1990-1994), Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994 y 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004 - 2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluye a los asalariados del se
Sin informacin.
N LABORAL, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011

remunerados
Sector privado
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
b/
62.2
52.5
43.9
43.8
37.9
44.6
46.6
48.2
47.9
47.6
47.8
26.6
25.3
22.2
21.3
18.4
18.8
18.5
17.5
17.0
16.5
16.1
26.6
26.8
22.0
22.1
24.2
25.7
26.9
25.4
54.0
52.9
58.7
60.5
58.8
58.2
48.3
49.8
43.9
39.9
40.9
40.6
42.0
47.7
47.4
49.4
48.2
49.0
48.8
49.3
49.5
51.6
23.9
27.4
25.2
26.0
24.2
24.5
24.6
23.3
24.0
23.1
22.8
22.0
21.5
19.1
60.1
58.2
53.6
58.2
51.6
51.0
52.4
20.0
20.5
18.3
18.0
18.9
19.0
20.4
48.4
50.6
19.4
19.6
52.4
55.6
48.4
45.2
41.0
40.9
40.9
42.5
41.0
40.7
39.6
38.7
27.2
25.2
30.3
35.6
41.2
41.8
41.2
39.7
42.7
44.7
45.9
46.8
46.4
46.9
41.6
46.0
39.6
37.9
41.0
40.4
42.1
40.4
39.2
49.9
47.9
18.1
17.4
20.3
20.4
22.6
23.4
20.4
20.0
17.4
18.8
19.5
16.9
16.6
33.2
34.5
35.5
36.7
33.8
30.7
34.7
33.6
32.7
33.2
33.1
32.8
30.9
40.8
39.5
37.1
38.3
40.5
43.4
38.8
41.1
42.4
41.6
42.1
40.5
44.1
35.5
35.1
37.9
35.9
35.6
35.2
35.3
43.4
42.8
40.2
42.7
43.6
44.0
43.9
41.7
35.5
37.4
45.3
35.0
33.9
45.1
45.1
39.5
44.0
38.1
38.1
37.5
36.3
32.9
32.9
29.7
29.5
40.0
34.6
39.4
39.8
40.0
42.7
40.3
40.3
44.1
44.4
67.9
46.4
45.9
46.5
46.0
48.1
54.5
55.4
53.5
51.8
41.4
22.4
25.8
27.5
28.4
27.9
28.5
27.2
26.4
28.9
21.5
17.6
26.2
39.4
30.6
31.2
35.8
43.1
43.4
46.7
45.2
46.5
45.1
48.8
45.5
46.8
46.4
46.5
45.9
41.9
47.5
45.9
43.0
43.4
40.3
11.3
10.4
14.8
16.6
17.1
18.1
19.6
19.6
17.8
19.0
20.7
18.5
14.2
49.6
44.4
39.8
43.1
39.5
38.7
40.7
41.7
30.2
35.0
41.8
36.9
36.8
40.5
35.2
34.8
39.6
40.1
43.1
37.5
34.5
36.2
32.6
32.1
28.5
32.5
30.3
28.4
30.0
31.0
29.8
29.9
29.7
50.6
48.1
50.6
50.9
47.4
47.3
47.6
47.4
47.2
43.2
44.4
39.9
40.2
41.1
38.4
38.7
36.7
36.7
26.7
23.7
28.3
27.1
26.0
29.3
26.6
29.3
29.6
39.1
49.3
50.6
51.8
49.7
48.6
47.8
49.3
49.7
49.7
50.2
49.8
21.8
22.8
22.0
21.1
21.9
23.1
24.4
23.2
22.9
23.2
22.1
21.1
38.8
36.2
33.6
20.2
26.0
32.0
a (1998) se incluye a los asalariados del sector pblico.
Cuadro 18.2
DISTRIBUCIN DE LA POBLACIN ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011
Pas
Ao

remunerados
Asalariados
Empleadores
Total
Sector
Sector privado a/
Total
pblico
Total
Agricultura
Resto
Bolivia
1997
3.3
8.9
2.4
6.5
2.7
3.8
87.8
(Estado
1999
1.2
9.2
2.3
6.9
2.7
4.1
89.6
Plurinacional de)
2002
4.2
9.8
2.3
7.5
4.2
3.2
86.0
2004
4.4
16.4
4.4
12.1
5.4
6.6
79.2
2007
3.1
13.5
3.2
10.2
3.3
7.0
83.4
2009
3.9
15.7
4.4
11.3
3.8
7.4
80.4
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
3.0
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.5
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.3
1.9
2.4
2.2
1.9
44.3
33.6
34.3
34.2
33.6
33.4
33.1
34.1
35.1
35.3
36.4
38.1
39.9
37.2
5.1
4.4
5.2
4.3
3.9
3.8
4.3
4.2
4.4
4.7
4.9
5.5
5.8
44.3
28.5
29.9
29.1
29.4
29.5
29.3
29.8
30.8
30.9
31.8
33.2
34.4
31.4
22.7
17.7
16.6
15.6
17.4
17.1
17.2
16.7
16.9
16.4
16.4
16.4
16.8
15.4
21.6
10.7
13.2
13.4
12.0
12.4
12.1
13.1
14.0
14.5
15.4
16.8
17.5
16.0
52.7
64.5
63.7
63.7
63.9
64.7
64.7
63.6
62.6
62.4
61.7
59.6
57.9
60.9
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
3.0
2.6
2.4
2.9
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.8
1.9
63.7
66.9
63.9
64.3
66.7
65.5
69.2
71.1
72.5
3.8
4.6
4.0
4.1
5.8
5.8
63.7
66.9
60.1
64.3
62.1
61.6
65.2
65.3
66.7
45.0
42.7
39.8
39.6
40.2
38.9
39.0
34.4
32.4
18.7
24.2
20.3
24.7
21.9
22.7
26.2
30.9
34.3
33.3
30.5
33.6
32.8
30.9
32.0
28.3
26.0
25.6
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.3
4.5
4.2
3.7
4.5
3.6
4.1
5.0
4.7
5.4
5.6
4.9
48.6
54.2
50.6
47.2
41.2
41.6
38.9
39.2
41.6
36.4
35.0
35.8
2.4
3.4
3.9
3.7
2.5
2.6
1.9
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.3
46.3
50.8
46.7
43.5
38.7
39.0
37.0
37.2
39.9
34.9
33.7
34.6
28.8
28.6
27.6
25.9
24.2
25.6
23.0
25.3
27.3
23.0
22.5
22.7
17.5
22.1
19.1
17.5
14.5
13.3
14.0
11.9
12.5
11.9
11.2
11.8
45.1
41.3
45.1
49.1
54.3
54.8
57.0
55.8
53.7
58.2
59.4
59.3
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
5.1
6.8
7.1
8.2
7.5
66.2
69.0
67.7
69.2
63.6
10.5
9.6
9.0
8.9
8.8
55.7
59.4
58.8
60.3
54.8
24.1
22.5
20.7
21.3
19.4
31.6
36.9
38.1
39.0
35.4
28.7
24.2
25.2
22.6
29.0
Cuadro 18.2
Pas
Ao

remunerados
Asalariados
Empleadores
Total
Sector
Sector privado a/
Total
pblico
Total
Agricultura
Resto
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.8
7.8
8.0
7.3
7.8
6.6
3.4
3.3
65.8
67.9
67.5
70.2
70.4
69.7
71.8
72.2
9.2
9.3
9.9
9.6
10.2
11.3
9.3
9.1
56.6
58.6
57.5
60.6
60.2
58.4
62.5
63.2
19.6
20.4
18.5
18.7
17.9
16.6
23.8
22.6
37.0
38.2
39.0
41.9
42.3
41.8
38.7
40.5
26.4
24.3
24.5
22.5
21.9
23.6
24.8
24.5
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.2
5.5
4.3
3.7
3.8
3.2
2.0
3.3
35.5
37.7
37.0
41.3
45.4
40.6
42.9
40.9
3.1
2.4
2.3
2.6
3.0
3.3
4.0
4.0
32.3
35.3
34.6
38.7
42.4
37.3
38.9
36.9
19.4
21.6
20.0
23.9
26.0
21.9
22.8
22.6
12.9
13.7
14.6
14.8
16.4
15.4
16.2
14.3
60.3
56.8
58.7
55.0
50.8
56.2
55.1
55.9
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
6.0
4.0
4.1
3.8
3.2
3.2
3.1
49.3
50.6
50.7
47.1
56.4
46.9
48.6
3.2
3.1
3.9
3.8
3.4
3.1
3.3
46.1
47.5
46.9
43.2
53.0
43.8
45.4
24.9
24.8
20.2
17.8
21.2
18.8
20.0
21.2
22.8
26.7
25.4
31.7
25.0
25.3
44.7
45.4
45.1
49.1
40.4
49.9
48.3
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
0.6
2.0
6.3
1.9
38.7
42.9
35.4
37.5
2.9
1.7
1.6
2.5
35.8
41.2
33.7
35.1
23.6
26.6
17.4
16.0
12.2
14.7
16.4
19.1
60.7
55.1
58.4
60.6
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
0.6
1.7
2.6
3.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.1
1.3
34.9
37.0
34.8
33.5
35.0
35.6
36.4
37.2
36.3
32.3
4.0
4.8
3.4
3.7
1.8
1.9
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.3
30.9
32.2
31.4
29.7
33.2
33.7
34.1
34.7
34.1
29.9
21.0
17.5
19.2
16.4
19.8
20.1
19.3
18.6
19.7
16.8
9.9
14.7
12.3
13.3
13.4
13.6
14.8
16.0
14.4
13.2
64.5
61.4
62.6
63.4
63.7
63.1
62.1
61.5
62.6
66.4
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2.5
4.0
5.1
4.5
5.0
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
50.2
48.7
48.1
45.6
51.0
52.4
61.1
56.8
55.2
5.5
6.4
6.0
6.6
7.8
50.2
43.1
41.7
39.6
44.4
44.6
61.1
56.8
55.2
21.9
18.8
16.9
16.0
18.1
15.7
16.4
16.0
14.6
28.3
24.4
24.8
23.6
26.3
28.9
44.7
40.8
40.6
47.3
47.4
46.7
49.9
44.0
44.3
35.5
39.1
40.6
Cuadro 18.2
Pas
Ao

remunerados
Asalariados
Empleadores
Total
Sector
Sector privado a/
Total
pblico
Total
Agricultura
Resto
2008
2010
6.5
13.9
57.8
61.7
7.6
7.7
50.3
54.0
14.4
15.8
35.8
38.2
35.6
24.3
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
0.2
3.3
5.4
3.3
1.0
38.5
43.7
37.4
35.6
36.0
6.6
3.6
3.4
31.8
43.7
33.8
32.2
36.0
17.4
23.7
17.9
19.3
20.4
14.4
19.9
15.9
13.0
15.6
61.3
53.0
57.2
61.1
62.6
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.0
2.8
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.0
1.9
2.6
2.0
40.0
40.2
39.4
41.4
44.4
44.8
43.1
44.7
44.2
8.4
8.4
8.1
8.3
8.0
8.0
7.6
8.5
8.3
31.6
31.8
31.3
33.0
36.4
36.8
35.5
36.1
35.9
14.2
13.1
12.5
13.2
13.8
14.1
13.3
13.0
13.2
17.5
18.7
18.8
19.8
22.6
22.7
22.3
23.1
22.7
58.0
57.0
58.7
56.7
53.4
53.2
55.0
52.7
53.8
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.4
3.6
2.7
2.2
3.7
3.1
4.4
3.6
3.4
27.0
27.0
24.4
26.4
28.6
31.2
27.8
30.1
32.6
3.4
2.5
2.4
4.6
4.2
3.9
3.2
2.7
4.4
23.6
24.6
22.0
21.9
24.4
27.3
24.6
27.3
28.2
7.2
8.8
7.4
7.7
6.6
7.3
6.5
6.8
7.9
16.4
15.8
14.7
14.2
17.7
20.0
18.1
20.5
20.3
69.6
69.3
72.9
71.4
67.7
65.6
67.8
66.4
63.9
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.3
6.3
5.4
5.5
5.1
5.4
5.0
5.1
4.7
19.8
19.8
20.6
16.2
22.4
22.3
22.9
23.6
21.0
3.6
2.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.2
16.2
17.6
17.6
13.2
19.4
18.8
19.6
20.2
17.8
9.9
10.9
12.0
8.5
10.8
10.1
10.6
10.2
9.2
6.4
6.7
5.5
4.8
8.6
8.7
9.0
10.0
8.6
74.8
73.8
74.0
78.3
72.5
72.2
72.1
71.3
74.3
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.7
2.9
3.3
2.5
3.4
2.3
4.7
2.5
2.1
36.6
42.1
39.5
42.0
42.8
40.1
37.2
38.7
40.1
8.4
8.7
7.8
7.9
9.0
7.9
8.2
9.2
9.3
28.2
33.4
31.7
34.0
33.9
32.2
29.0
29.5
30.9
5.5
4.7
4.1
4.8
4.3
4.5
4.1
4.8
6.1
22.7
28.6
27.5
29.2
29.6
27.7
24.9
24.7
24.8
61.7
54.9
57.2
55.6
53.8
57.6
58.1
58.9
57.7
Uruguay
2007
2008
10.0
8.4
53.5
53.5
5.6
5.2
47.9
48.3
32.4
33.0
15.5
15.4
36.5
38.1
Cuadro 18.2
Pas
Ao

remunerados
Asalariados
Empleadores
Total
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
Sector
Sector privado a/
Total
pblico
Total
Agricultura
Resto
2009
2010
2011
9.6
9.5
11.1
54.1
54.4
49.7
5.0
4.9
5.5
49.1
49.5
44.2
33.0
32.4
25.9
16.1
17.1
18.3
36.3
36.0
39.2
1990
1994
1997
7.4
7.6
5.4
46.9
47.6
49.7
8.0
7.4
5.4
38.9
40.2
44.2
23.0
19.4
34.6
16.0
20.8
9.6
45.7
44.8
44.9
a/ Incluye a los empleados domsticos. En Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994 y 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004 - 2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluye a los asalariados
sector pblico.
Sin informacin.
Cuadro 18.2
CTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011

de 15 aos y ms, en porcentajes)
remunerados
Agricultura
79.9
82.1
79.0
64.2
73.0
70.0
44.3
58.4
57.1
56.4
57.3
58.3
57.8
56.5
54.0
53.7
53.0
51.1
49.9
52.8
26.2
21.1
27.0
24.5
22.8
23.4
18.6
15.5
13.7
25.5
22.4
25.0
27.9
33.4
33.1
35.5
35.9
34.4
37.7
38.6
37.9
16.8
11.1
11.3
9.5
13.2
Cuadro 18.2

remunerados
Agricultura
11.5
9.7
9.5
7.7
7.0
7.2
11.0
10.5
48.2
47.6
49.0
44.3
40.6
45.7
44.6
43.9
26.8
28.1
26.3
28.9
20.9
30.0
28.1
47.5
34.8
38.8
40.0
47.6
43.5
41.6
41.3
46.9
43.6
42.6
39.9
41.9
45.3
34.6
30.8
28.6
29.2
25.1
25.4
16.8
19.0
19.5
Cuadro 18.2

remunerados
Agricultura
18.6
11.6
45.8
39.7
44.5
48.4
50.5
39.3
36.1
37.3
38.6
36.5
36.0
36.2
35.2
35.9
54.0
53.7
58.2
58.9
54.1
49.8
54.4
51.8
49.5
61.0
61.9
61.2
67.5
60.0
59.4
59.5
58.4
61.5
35.0
28.0
27.9
27.4
25.6
27.6
26.6
28.6
28.1
29.3
30.7
Cuadro 18.2

remunerados
Agricultura
29.0
28.5
29.9
32.7
29.7
33.1
, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
1994 y 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004 - 2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluye a los asalariados del
Cuadro 18.2a
DISTRIBUCIN DE LA POBLACIN MASCULINA ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS RURALES, 199
Pas
Ao
Asalariados
Empleadores
Total
Sector
Sector privado a/
pblico
Total
Agricultura
Resto
Bolivia
1997
5.1
12.8
2.9
9.9
4.1
5.8
(Estado
1999
1.9
12.1
2.4
9.7
4.1
5.6
Plurinacional de)
2002
6.1
12.9
2.5
10.3
6.1
4.2
2004
6.9
22.5
5.1
17.4
8.4
9.0
2007
4.7
18.6
3.2
15.3
5.5
9.9
2009
6.0
20.3
4.0
16.3
5.6
10.7
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
4.0
2.8
2.6
3.0
3.5
2.6
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.2
2.6
3.3
3.1
2.5
45.3
39.1
38.5
38.5
37.8
38.2
37.2
38.3
39.8
39.7
40.6
41.6
43.4
39.7
3.4
2.3
3.1
2.1
2.0
1.8
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.5
3.1
3.2
45.3
35.7
36.1
35.4
35.7
36.2
35.4
36.0
37.6
37.4
38.0
39.1
40.3
36.4
27.9
25.5
23.8
22.5
24.6
25.0
24.7
24.1
24.7
23.7
23.6
23.4
24.3
21.9
17.4
10.3
12.3
12.8
11.2
11.2
10.8
11.9
12.9
13.7
14.4
15.7
16.0
14.5
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
3.3
2.8
2.7
3.1
2.6
2.6
2.7
3.0
2.1
62.3
65.5
62.5
62.9
65.5
64.1
68.2
70.2
71.1
2.4
2.8
2.4
2.6
4.4
3.5
62.3
65.5
60.1
62.9
62.7
61.6
65.6
65.9
67.6
49.4
47.2
43.9
44.4
44.7
43.1
43.6
38.8
35.9
12.9
18.4
16.3
18.5
17.9
18.5
22.1
27.0
31.8
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
7.8
5.1
5.0
4.2
5.3
4.4
4.9
6.1
5.5
6.5
6.7
51.7
56.5
52.0
49.0
43.8
44.6
42.0
42.1
44.6
39.6
37.8
0.1
0.3
2.6
2.4
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.4
0.9
0.9
0.8
51.6
56.2
49.4
46.7
42.3
43.0
40.6
40.7
43.7
38.7
37.0
36.0
35.9
34.2
33.3
30.7
32.7
29.2
31.3
33.2
28.8
28.1
15.6
20.3
15.2
13.3
11.5
10.3
11.4
9.4
10.5
9.9
8.9
2011
5.8
39.6
0.9
38.8
28.8
10.0
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.2
7.9
8.5
9.5
8.6
9.0
9.2
9.3
9.0
9.5
8.1
4.1
4.1
63.6
67.7
66.0
67.5
62.5
65.5
67.7
66.5
69.6
69.4
68.8
70.3
71.6
9.2
8.5
7.1
7.3
6.6
7.1
7.4
8.0
7.5
7.9
8.8
7.3
7.1
54.5
59.2
58.9
60.2
55.9
58.4
60.3
58.5
62.2
61.5
60.0
63.0
64.5
28.6
27.1
25.2
26.4
23.9
24.3
25.6
22.9
23.0
22.0
21.0
29.7
29.3
25.9
32.1
33.7
33.8
32.0
34.1
34.7
35.6
39.1
39.5
39.0
33.3
35.2
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.0
7.1
5.7
4.7
4.9
4.3
2.5
4.1
45.0
45.5
45.7
50.5
53.7
48.2
50.3
48.1
3.3
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.9
3.2
3.4
3.7
41.7
43.0
43.3
48.1
50.8
45.0
46.8
44.4
27.6
28.5
27.2
31.8
33.7
29.1
30.2
29.7
14.1
14.5
16.1
16.3
17.0
15.8
16.6
14.7
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
7.5
4.8
5.1
4.8
3.8
3.9
3.7
50.8
52.3
52.5
49.1
60.1
49.1
51.5
3.4
3.3
4.3
4.0
3.6
3.1
3.4
47.3
49.0
48.2
45.1
56.5
46.1
48.1
28.4
28.8
25.5
23.6
28.1
24.7
25.8
18.9
20.3
22.7
21.5
28.4
21.4
22.3
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
0.6
2.8
7.3
2.4
38.9
47.3
40.2
43.4
2.9
1.5
1.5
2.3
36.0
45.9
38.6
41.2
25.2
31.5
21.7
21.3
10.8
14.4
17.0
19.8
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
0.6
1.9
3.2
3.5
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.3
1.1
1.4
35.7
35.7
35.3
34.3
36.4
37.9
38.4
40.1
40.5
35.4
3.2
3.1
2.3
2.3
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.7
1.4
1.4
32.6
32.5
33.0
32.0
35.1
36.8
37.1
38.4
39.1
34.0
24.2
20.7
23.3
21.3
24.0
25.0
24.0
23.7
25.5
21.4
8.3
11.8
9.7
10.7
11.1
11.8
13.1
14.7
13.6
12.5
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2.7
5.0
6.6
5.9
5.9
51.9
53.3
53.1
51.1
56.5
4.8
6.1
5.3
6.0
51.9
48.5
47.0
45.8
50.5
25.9
24.5
22.9
22.0
24.9
26.0
24.0
24.1
23.9
25.6
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
4.3
4.0
5.0
5.5
8.2
14.6
57.6
65.7
63.2
62.6
61.7
65.0
7.2
6.7
6.4
50.5
65.7
63.2
62.6
54.9
58.5
22.6
21.2
21.8
20.6
19.6
21.0
27.9
44.5
41.4
42.0
35.4
37.6
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
0.3
3.9
6.5
3.9
1.1
36.5
42.5
37.8
35.6
34.5
5.5
2.4
2.0
31.0
42.5
35.3
33.6
34.5
20.2
27.4
22.2
23.4
23.5
10.8
15.1
13.1
10.2
11.0
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.2
3.3
2.3
2.0
2.6
2.2
2.2
2.9
2.2
38.7
40.5
39.9
42.0
46.4
46.5
45.4
46.0
45.0
5.8
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.7
6.3
5.8
32.9
34.6
33.9
36.1
40.6
41.1
39.7
39.6
39.2
17.9
17.4
16.6
17.6
19.0
19.1
18.5
18.0
17.8
14.9
17.1
17.3
18.5
21.5
22.0
21.3
21.6
21.4
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.3
4.9
3.6
2.9
5.0
4.2
5.6
4.7
4.7
27.6
29.6
26.1
27.0
31.4
32.8
28.4
32.1
34.8
2.8
1.9
1.9
3.2
3.5
2.6
2.4
2.2
3.8
24.8
27.7
24.3
23.8
27.9
30.2
26.0
29.9
30.9
9.8
11.8
10.3
10.2
9.4
9.8
8.4
9.5
11.0
15.0
15.9
14.0
13.6
18.4
20.4
17.6
20.4
19.9
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.5
10.0
7.6
8.1
7.2
8.1
7.4
7.4
6.9
25.5
25.6
27.0
21.3
28.7
27.8
29.0
30.4
26.5
4.0
2.3
3.4
3.4
3.6
4.2
3.9
4.3
3.7
21.5
23.3
23.6
17.9
25.0
23.5
25.1
26.2
22.9
13.8
14.8
16.6
11.8
14.7
13.1
14.0
13.5
12.5
7.7
8.5
6.9
6.1
10.3
10.4
11.0
12.6
10.4
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.0
3.6
3.6
2.6
3.8
2.7
6.0
2.7
2.3
30.5
36.8
33.3
34.8
36.7
32.6
30.0
31.7
34.1
6.1
7.3
6.0
5.8
7.7
5.9
6.5
7.1
6.7
24.4
29.6
27.3
29.0
29.0
26.7
23.5
24.6
27.4
7.0
6.1
5.1
6.4
5.6
6.0
5.4
6.2
7.9
17.4
23.5
22.2
22.6
23.3
20.7
18.2
18.5
19.6
Uruguay
2007
11.6
54.0
3.9
50.1
38.5
11.6
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
2008
2009
2010
2011
9.7
11.4
11.0
12.2
54.7
55.4
53.9
50.1
3.8
3.5
3.1
3.6
50.9
51.9
50.8
46.5
39.7
40.6
38.9
32.0
11.2
11.3
11.9
14.6
1990
1994
1997
8.4
8.7
6.0
45.8
45.1
50.2
5.1
4.7
3.7
40.7
40.5
46.4
25.8
23.6
38.5
14.9
16.9
8.0
a/ Incluye a los empleados domsticos. En Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994 y 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004 - 2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluye a los asala
sector pblico.
Sin informacin.
N LABORAL, ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011

remunerados
Total
Agricultura
82.1
76.5
86.0
80.0
81.0
75.5
70.6
59.7
76.7
68.1
73.7
65.5
50.7
58.1
58.7
58.5
58.7
59.2
59.7
58.6
56.8
57.1
56.8
55.1
53.5
57.9
44.4
52.6
52.7
51.2
52.6
53.1
53.1
52.2
49.1
48.8
48.8
47.0
46.2
49.9
34.4
31.7
34.8
34.0
31.9
33.3
29.1
26.7
26.9
29.3
24.5
29.7
27.2
25.5
26.4
21.2
18.2
16.3
40.5
38.4
43.0
46.8
50.9
50.9
53.0
51.8
49.9
53.9
55.5
28.2
25.7
29.4
32.7
38.2
37.1
39.8
40.2
37.8
41.8
43.1
54.6
41.5
30.2
24.4
25.5
23.0
28.8
25.5
23.1
24.2
21.4
21.1
23.1
25.6
24.2
20.2
13.7
13.9
11.9
16.4
13.9
11.9
12.2
9.8
8.9
9.4
13.8
13.1
49.0
47.5
48.6
44.8
41.5
47.5
47.3
47.7
40.3
40.8
42.0
37.6
34.7
40.5
40.0
39.7
41.7
42.9
42.4
46.1
36.1
47.0
44.8
34.2
36.3
35.3
37.9
28.0
39.5
36.1
60.5
49.9
52.5
54.2
53.9
41.4
44.5
46.1
63.7
62.4
61.5
62.2
62.3
60.6
60.0
58.6
58.5
63.2
57.2
54.6
53.7
53.8
55.2
52.3
50.9
48.7
49.5
54.0
45.4
41.7
40.2
43.0
37.6
37.8
30.6
29.3
29.6
26.5
38.0
30.3
31.8
31.8
30.1
20.4
26.7
19.4
20.8
20.2
20.9
13.6
63.2
53.6
55.7
60.5
63.9
54.7
46.8
50.7
55.9
58.8
59.1
56.2
57.8
55.9
51.0
51.2
52.3
51.1
52.8
44.6
42.5
43.0
43.9
39.9
39.6
39.7
38.3
39.3
68.1
65.5
70.2
70.1
63.6
63.0
65.9
63.3
60.5
59.3
56.3
60.7
61.9
54.1
52.3
57.6
53.3
49.8
67.0
64.4
65.5
70.6
64.2
64.2
63.5
62.2
66.5
60.9
59.0
58.8
65.0
57.9
57.7
57.1
55.4
59.9
67.5
59.6
63.1
62.6
59.5
64.7
64.0
65.6
63.6
43.1
35.2
34.6
35.4
34.0
35.5
33.7
36.8
35.8
34.4
29.1
35.6
33.2
35.2
37.7
30.3
27.8
29.5
30.5
45.8
46.2
43.8
36.2
35.0
36.4
Nicaragua (1998) se incluye a los asalariados del
Cuadro 18.2b
DISTRIBUCIN DE LA POBLACIN FEMENINA ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS RURALES
Pas
Ao
Asalariados
Empleadores
Total
Sector
Sector privado a/
pblico
Total
Agricultura
Bolivia
1997
1.1
4.1
1.8
2.3
0.9
(Estado
1999
0.4
5.8
2.2
3.6
1.1
Plurinacional de)
2002
1.6
5.5
2.0
3.5
1.6
2004
1.4
9.3
3.5
5.8
2.0
2007
1.4
7.7
3.3
4.5
0.8
2009
1.5
10.3
4.8
5.4
1.8
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
41.7
24.6
27.2
27.3
26.5
25.5
26.2
27.2
27.3
28.0
29.5
32.1
34.1
32.9
8.1
8.1
8.4
8.0
7.0
7.1
7.6
7.5
7.8
8.2
8.9
9.7
10.2
41.7
16.5
19.0
18.9
18.6
18.5
19.1
19.6
19.9
20.2
21.3
23.2
24.3
22.7
9.7
5.0
4.1
4.5
5.2
4.2
4.7
4.5
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.6
4.3
4.1
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
1.4
1.8
1.2
2.0
1.5
2.1
1.7
2.3
1.5
71.2
73.0
69.7
69.8
71.3
70.3
72.0
73.3
75.9
9.9
11.4
8.9
8.1
9.5
11.2
71.2
73.0
59.9
69.8
59.9
61.4
63.9
63.8
64.6
22.8
23.1
22.8
20.9
23.2
25.2
26.6
23.2
24.2
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2.2
2.6
2.1
2.3
2.6
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.7
40.7
47.9
46.6
42.3
34.4
34.0
30.8
31.3
32.0
27.4
27.4
8.4
12.2
7.6
7.2
5.0
5.0
3.2
3.8
4.1
3.1
2.4
32.2
35.7
39.1
35.1
29.3
29.0
27.6
27.4
27.8
24.3
25.0
10.0
8.6
8.9
6.6
7.0
8.3
6.9
8.6
8.8
6.5
7.4
2011
2.4
25.6
2.4
23.2
6.4
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.3
3.2
3.1
4.5
4.2
4.4
4.3
5.0
3.6
3.5
3.4
1.8
1.3
75.2
73.2
72.6
74.0
66.3
66.8
68.4
69.9
71.4
72.6
71.8
75.2
73.7
15.2
13.2
14.3
13.3
14.7
15.1
14.1
14.7
14.2
15.7
17.0
13.9
13.5
60.0
60.0
58.4
60.6
51.7
51.8
54.3
55.1
57.2
56.9
54.8
61.3
60.2
8.4
7.8
7.5
6.9
7.1
6.8
7.3
7.9
9.2
8.0
6.7
9.7
7.4
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.6
2.9
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.2
1.0
1.6
21.4
24.7
22.9
25.4
30.2
27.2
28.8
27.2
2.9
2.3
2.2
2.8
3.1
3.6
4.9
4.6
18.5
22.4
20.6
22.6
27.0
23.6
23.9
22.5
7.4
10.0
8.4
10.3
11.8
9.0
8.5
9.1
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.5
1.9
1.8
1.8
45.3
45.9
46.6
42.4
47.7
41.9
42.1
2.7
2.3
2.9
3.5
2.9
3.2
3.0
42.6
43.6
43.6
38.9
44.7
38.6
39.1
15.2
14.0
7.7
4.1
5.2
5.6
6.8
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
0.5
0.3
4.2
0.9
37.8
32.8
25.0
25.2
2.8
2.1
1.8
2.9
34.9
30.7
23.3
22.3
15.7
15.4
8.2
4.8
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
0.4
0.9
1.1
2.1
1.2
0.9
1.2
1.3
1.0
1.3
31.1
41.3
33.3
31.2
30.1
28.2
30.6
29.5
25.4
24.0
7.9
10.4
6.3
7.4
3.6
4.2
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.6
23.3
30.9
27.0
23.8
26.5
24.0
25.6
24.8
20.8
19.4
6.6
6.6
7.5
3.6
4.9
4.5
5.9
5.2
4.3
4.6
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
1.6
1.4
2.1
1.6
2.8
44.0
36.7
38.0
34.4
39.1
7.3
7.0
7.6
8.0
44.0
29.4
30.9
26.9
31.1
7.3
4.0
4.9
3.7
3.0
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
1.4
2.1
2.4
2.0
3.4
12.5
42.2
51.4
44.8
42.5
50.5
55.0
8.9
9.1
10.3
33.3
51.4
44.8
42.5
41.4
44.7
2.5
6.3
5.1
4.3
4.7
5.1
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
1.3
2.0
1.3
0.5
45.4
47.6
36.1
35.8
40.5
10.8
7.1
7.9
34.7
47.6
29.1
27.9
40.5
7.6
11.4
4.7
6.0
10.6
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.3
1.5
1.2
1.6
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.9
1.5
44.4
39.4
38.1
39.6
39.4
40.4
37.8
41.6
42.1
16.8
15.3
13.7
14.7
13.3
14.5
11.9
13.7
14.4
27.6
24.1
24.4
24.9
26.1
25.9
25.9
27.9
27.7
1.7
1.2
1.8
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.5
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.3
0.8
0.8
0.7
1.2
0.9
2.0
1.3
0.9
25.5
21.3
21.1
25.1
23.0
28.2
26.6
25.9
28.6
4.8
3.8
3.4
7.4
5.5
6.4
4.8
3.9
5.6
20.8
17.6
17.7
17.7
17.4
21.7
21.8
21.9
23.1
1.1
2.0
1.7
2.1
1.1
2.5
2.8
1.1
2.2
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.4
1.4
2.5
2.1
2.6
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.0
12.0
12.1
12.0
9.7
14.5
15.7
15.6
15.4
14.2
3.1
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.6
8.9
9.9
9.5
7.3
12.3
13.0
12.9
12.9
11.6
4.4
5.6
5.8
4.2
5.9
6.4
6.4
6.1
5.3
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.7
1.0
2.7
2.3
2.5
1.1
1.1
2.0
1.7
57.2
58.3
57.7
61.3
58.6
60.6
58.4
57.0
56.5
16.1
13.3
13.1
13.7
12.2
13.4
13.4
14.6
16.2
41.2
45.0
44.6
47.6
46.3
47.3
45.0
42.4
40.3
0.4
0.6
1.4
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.3
1.1
1.1
Uruguay
2007
6.3
52.3
9.7
42.6
18.2
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.3
6.0
6.7
9.0
50.9
51.4
55.6
48.9
8.3
8.0
8.5
9.2
42.5
43.4
47.1
39.7
17.6
17.5
19.8
14.2
1990
1994
1997
2.0
2.9
1.2
53.1
57.8
46.8
23.6
18.7
16.3
29.4
39.1
30.6
7.5
2.6
10.8
a/ Incluye a los empleados domsticos. En Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994 y 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004 - 2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluye a los asala
sector pblico.
Sin informacin.
N INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011

ajes)
remunerados
ctor privado a/
Total
Agricultura
1.4
94.8
84.0
2.5
93.8
84.5
1.9
92.9
83.8
3.8
89.3
69.5
3.7
90.9
78.5
3.7
88.3
75.3
32.0
11.5
14.9
14.4
13.4
14.3
14.4
15.1
15.7
15.9
17.0
18.7
20.1
18.6
57.6
74.9
72.3
72.1
72.7
73.9
73.1
72.1
71.9
71.2
69.8
67.1
65.2
66.3
44.0
67.9
64.8
64.8
65.2
66.8
65.6
63.7
61.9
61.9
60.2
57.8
56.0
57.7
48.5
49.9
37.1
48.9
36.7
36.2
37.2
40.6
40.4
27.4
25.2
29.0
28.2
27.3
27.6
26.3
24.3
22.6
10.1
6.3
15.4
14.0
12.7
13.6
11.8
9.0
7.4
22.3
27.1
30.2
28.5
22.3
20.7
20.7
18.8
19.0
17.7
17.5
57.1
49.5
51.3
55.4
63.1
64.2
67.4
66.7
65.7
70.4
69.9
18.6
13.4
12.5
15.4
20.9
23.2
24.3
24.1
23.6
26.1
26.4
Resto
16.8
71.9
28.1
51.5
52.2
50.8
53.7
44.6
45.0
47.0
47.2
48.0
49.0
48.0
51.6
52.8
23.5
23.6
24.3
21.6
29.4
28.7
27.3
25.2
25.0
23.8
24.9
23.0
25.0
5.3
2.8
3.8
2.5
4.4
4.8
4.3
3.0
3.1
2.4
2.1
4.1
4.6
11.1
12.4
12.2
12.3
15.2
14.6
15.4
13.4
77.0
72.4
75.0
72.7
67.9
71.6
70.2
71.2
59.9
59.0
60.2
55.8
51.5
55.1
53.3
51.7
27.4
29.6
36.0
34.8
39.5
33.1
32.3
52.8
52.1
51.5
56.2
50.4
56.4
56.1
6.4
5.8
5.2
7.6
4.4
8.9
9.8
19.2
15.3
15.1
17.4
61.7
66.8
70.8
73.9
16.9
19.9
26.6
27.2
16.6
24.4
19.6
20.2
21.6
19.5
19.7
19.6
16.5
14.8
68.5
57.8
65.5
66.7
68.7
70.9
68.2
69.2
73.6
74.7
5.0
6.1
7.4
8.6
17.4
16.0
18.6
16.3
21.8
22.6
36.7
25.3
26.1
23.2
28.1
54.4
61.9
59.9
64.0
58.1
22.6
31.2
27.1
28.4
22.2
30.8
45.1
39.7
38.2
36.7
39.6
56.4
46.5
52.8
55.4
46.1
32.5
22.9
11.4
15.6
18.5
14.3
7.5
27.1
36.2
24.3
22.0
30.0
54.6
50.8
61.9
62.9
58.6
14.7
15.7
25.5
24.1
24.3
25.9
22.9
22.6
23.4
25.0
24.5
24.6
26.6
26.2
54.4
59.2
60.8
58.9
59.3
58.2
61.1
56.5
56.4
21.4
18.5
22.4
24.7
28.4
26.8
28.1
27.7
27.4
19.7
15.5
16.0
15.5
16.4
19.3
19.0
20.8
20.9
73.2
77.8
78.1
74.2
75.8
70.7
71.4
72.8
70.3
41.2
47.9
53.3
52.6
54.0
45.1
48.2
48.6
48.8
4.5
4.2
3.7
3.2
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.3
85.6
86.5
85.5
88.1
82.9
82.2
82.4
82.3
83.8
61.2
65.7
64.3
70.7
62.7
61.5
62.3
62.0
63.5
40.8
44.4
43.2
47.0
45.6
46.8
44.6
41.3
39.2
42.0
40.7
39.6
36.5
39.0
38.2
40.5
41.0
41.8
7.5
5.9
8.1
5.7
4.3
5.9
5.7
6.8
7.1
24.4
41.5
29.8
24.9
25.9
27.3
25.5
43.8
42.5
37.7
42.1
31.6
31.4
26.5
28.7
21.9
36.5
19.8
44.9
39.3
51.9
13.9
8.2
12.8
eciales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluye a los asalariados del
Cuadro 19
POBLACIN URBANA OCUPADA EN SECTORES DE BAJA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO, 1990 - 2011
(En porcentajes del total de la poblacin urbana ocupada)
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores in
no calific
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
Argentina d/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
47.4
46.8
43.5
43.8
39.3
41.8
42.4
42.7
41.8
41.3
40.5
2.3
1.6
2.5
1.7
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.1
10.4
12.5
11.0
11.9
11.8
10.9
10.8
11.0
11.5
11.5
11.4
0.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.8
1.6
10.0
11.0
9.4
10.2
10.4
9.7
9.4
9.8
10.0
9.7
9.8
12.4
13.5
12.7
14.2
11.6
15.1
16.3
16.6
16.0
15.9
15.2
22.2
19.2
17.4
16.0
13.9
14.0
13.6
13.2
12.0
11.7
11.8
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 e/
1994 e/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
70.8
73.9
74.3
74.1
75.5
77.9
69.5
66.0
0.4
3.2
2.2
1.8
2.2
2.1
3.9
3.2
6.1
9.1
8.0
7.6
9.2
9.5
8.7
9.4
0.9
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.9
1.2
1.7
1.5
5.1
7.9
7.1
6.9
8.3
8.3
7.0
7.9
12.0
10.7
7.3
6.0
8.0
10.0
11.8
7.7
52.3
50.8
56.8
58.6
56.0
56.4
45.1
45.7
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2001
51.8
51.7
52.0
51.2
50.3
50.4
49.2
49.3
47.8
47.3
46.1
46.8
43.0
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.7
1.6
1.2
6.6
8.3
8.0
8.7
8.5
8.8
8.6
8.6
8.4
8.9
8.8
8.9
9.5
2.1
2.7
2.7
2.9
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
4.5
5.6
5.3
5.8
7.3
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.7
7.7
7.7
8.4
14.5
19.1
19.4
19.6
19.9
19.1
19.0
18.9
18.7
18.2
17.8
16.9
18.1
16.5
22.4
25.0
22.7
23.1
21.2
21.2
21.3
20.2
20.5
19.6
19.3
18.7
18.3
15.8
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
47.6
42.5
41.4
41.4
39.1
38.0
38.2
36.5
32.1
0.6
1.5
1.5
2.1
1.6
1.9
1.4
1.0
1.0
9.5
8.6
9.2
11.2
8.1
7.3
7.1
6.9
5.6
1.3
0.9
1.0
1.4
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
8.2
7.7
8.2
9.7
7.2
6.4
6.2
6.0
4.5
19.3
16.8
16.3
15.2
16.2
16.3
14.3
12.0
12.7
18.2
15.6
14.3
13.0
13.2
12.4
15.3
16.6
12.9
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
13.0
12.4
10.1
11.4
25.6
23.5
28.3
33.3
Cuadro 19
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores in
no calific
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
60.5
62.1
62.4
62.7
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
10.3
9.7
9.5
9.2
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.5
9.6
9.1
8.8
8.7
12.3
12.1
11.1
10.9
9.0
9.2
8.8
8.3
38.3
39.1
38.3
36.8
38.9
40.8
41.6
42.7
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
39.8
40.6
41.2
44.8
45.0
42.3
44.8
44.0
42.1
41.2
40.4
41.7
42.4
1.9
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.7
3.5
3.7
4.2
3.5
3.7
3.5
1.3
2.0
9.5
11.4
10.0
11.0
11.2
10.1
11.4
10.5
12.4
11.1
10.0
10.6
10.1
0.9
1.2
0.9
1.6
1.2
1.2
2.1
1.6
2.1
1.6
2.2
1.7
1.6
8.7
10.2
9.1
9.4
10.0
8.9
9.3
8.9
10.3
9.5
7.9
9.0
8.5
11.8
10.1
9.2
12.5
9.8
8.4
11.9
11.6
10.8
10.1
10.0
16.0
17.0
16.5
16.1
18.7
18.0
20.3
20.3
17.8
17.6
15.4
16.4
16.8
13.8
13.4
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
60.4
62.0
60.1
63.9
62.8
63.7
63.3
62.7
63.8
63.2
62.5
59.2
60.2
2.3
4.5
3.7
4.5
3.4
3.2
3.5
3.8
2.8
3.1
2.4
1.9
1.9
7.7
8.8
8.9
10.3
10.1
9.8
11.6
10.5
10.7
11.2
11.1
10.9
9.8
0.9
1.1
1.4
1.6
1.0
1.4
1.8
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.1
0.9
6.7
7.8
7.5
8.7
9.1
8.4
9.8
9.5
9.3
9.9
9.8
9.8
8.9
11.1
11.5
11.9
12.9
10.5
9.6
11.5
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.2
8.1
6.3
39.2
37.3
35.6
36.2
38.8
41.2
36.7
38.6
40.5
39.2
39.8
38.3
42.2
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
60.1
62.7
58.9
61.4
62.2
63.6
61.9
2.6
3.0
2.6
3.1
2.9
2.7
3.1
6.0
8.5
8.8
8.3
8.9
9.8
9.5
0.3
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.7
5.7
7.7
8.2
7.7
8.3
9.1
8.8
8.9
9.3
8.4
8.4
7.8
8.9
7.6
42.7
41.9
39.2
41.5
42.6
42.2
41.7
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
61.6
56.2
63.9
62.2
1.3
2.2
3.1
3.0
8.8
16.7
9.6
9.6
0.8
2.5
1.1
1.4
8.0
14.2
8.5
8.1
17.3
8.0
8.6
8.9
34.2
29.2
42.6
40.7
Cuadro 19
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores in
no calific
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
62.7
54.8
56.1
56.9
55.7
58.2
40.8
40.8
43.9
51.0
0.8
1.5
2.7
3.3
2.5
2.6
2.4
1.8
2.5
2.3
7.5
6.8
5.5
6.3
7.4
6.0
6.4
5.3
6.4
7.7
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.6
1.0
0.7
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.5
6.9
6.0
4.7
5.7
6.3
5.3
5.3
4.4
5.4
6.1
15.6
13.4
10.3
9.4
8.7
8.6
7.6
8.3
7.4
8.2
38.7
33.0
37.6
37.9
37.1
41.0
24.4
25.4
27.7
32.9
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
47.1
49.3
45.1
50.7
50.4
48.5
50.6
48.8
48.4
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.7
2.2
5.5
11.3
11.6
10.6
14.5
15.2
13.6
14.9
16.3
17.6
1.5
0.9
1.1
1.3
2.4
1.7
2.2
1.9
2.3
9.8
10.7
9.5
13.2
12.8
11.9
12.8
14.4
15.4
7.0
9.5
8.3
9.0
6.5
8.2
8.7
8.6
7.5
10.2
8.8
21.8
24.9
25.6
26.8
26.5
26.5
25.2
24.6
26.4
20.2
16.6
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
53.8
66.2
64.1
63.5
54.5
0.5
1.4
2.0
3.3
7.9
10.7
9.0
7.9
2.2
1.9
1.2
0.6
5.7
8.9
7.8
7.3
14.3
13.3
10.0
8.9
10.1
31.0
40.9
43.2
43.3
44.3
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
33.0
33.3
35.6
36.7
38.9
40.6
41.9
42.4
38.8
38.4
37.5
35.4
31.4
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.8
5.0
4.8
6.1
6.1
6.5
7.4
7.6
7.1
6.6
5.9
6.0
6.3
6.4
0.6
0.5
1.0
0.8
0.9
1.3
1.2
2.3
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.8
4.4
4.3
5.1
5.3
5.5
6.2
6.4
4.9
5.4
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.6
16.4
17.6
14.4
13.4
15.2
15.6
14.9
15.9
14.3
13.8
12.0
11.3
10.5
10.6
9.9
14.1
15.8
15.9
16.2
17.8
17.8
16.1
16.9
18.0
16.3
12.7
Paraguay
1990 f/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
65.3
69.0
70.4
68.2
66.7
70.7
65.9
2.2
4.9
2.6
2.5
3.8
2.4
2.7
10.1
8.7
7.8
11.2
9.0
9.4
7.6
1.6
1.1
0.4
0.5
1.7
1.4
0.7
8.5
7.6
7.4
10.7
7.4
8.0
6.9
24.4
21.8
20.2
20.1
21.0
22.3
23.1
28.6
33.7
39.8
34.4
32.8
36.6
32.5
Cuadro 19
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores in
no calific
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
65.6
61.8
64.6
60.9
58.9
3.4
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.0
10.3
8.7
11.7
8.1
11.3
1.5
0.9
1.4
1.1
2.0
8.8
7.8
10.3
7.0
9.3
21.0
19.5
17.8
21.1
15.7
31.0
30.6
32.0
28.6
29.0
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
69.0
71.1
71.6
70.4
67.1
67.7
67.1
67.6
65.9
2.2
2.5
2.2
2.6
3.3
2.9
3.2
3.4
3.0
7.8
10.8
9.4
8.7
8.7
10.0
9.4
9.7
10.1
1.3
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.2
6.6
9.2
8.4
7.5
7.6
9.0
8.2
8.6
8.9
9.4
12.3
11.2
10.5
9.9
9.2
8.9
8.5
7.2
49.6
45.6
48.8
48.7
45.2
45.6
45.6
45.9
45.6
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
43.6
45.2
45.6
46.7
45.1
46.9
45.5
46.6
46.8
1.8
3.3
2.6
2.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.9
1.7
7.3
8.6
6.0
8.4
6.6
6.1
6.1
5.7
5.6
0.6
1.5
0.5
0.9
1.3
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.7
6.7
7.0
5.5
7.5
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.9
10.0
12.0
11.5
11.5
12.7
13.0
13.9
12.5
12.7
24.5
21.4
25.4
24.3
24.1
25.9
23.5
25.5
26.8
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
43.0
44.7
45.7
44.0
44.8
45.2
43.8
45.0
44.0
43.6
42.7
39.6
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.6
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
6.7
7.1
9.0
8.1
10.0
10.7
14.7
11.2
11.3
10.8
11.3
10.2
1.9
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.6
4.9
6.6
8.5
7.4
9.4
10.1
14.0
10.5
10.6
10.3
10.7
9.6
17.0
16.8
16.8
17.4
19.6
18.2
10.8
16.3
15.6
15.6
15.4
14.4
17.9
19.2
18.5
17.0
13.7
15.0
16.7
15.6
15.2
15.2
14.0
13.0
Venezuela g/
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
35.1
38.8
45.0
52.0
57.4
54.6
51.9
50.2
48.9
47.8
47.4
1.7
1.2
1.4
1.5
2.2
1.9
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
8.8
9.5
7.8
7.7
8.6
8.5
8.7
7.9
7.5
7.0
6.5
0.3
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
8.5
8.8
7.0
7.0
7.8
7.5
7.1
7.1
6.7
6.2
5.6
5.6
4.2
6.3
5.5
6.6
6.3
5.0
5.3
4.9
4.3
3.6
19.1
23.9
29.6
37.3
40.1
37.9
36.3
35.4
34.9
34.9
35.6
Cuadro 19
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
2010
2011
46.7
46.3
1.4
1.4
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores in
no calific
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
6.7
7.0
1.0
0.8
5.7
6.2
Total
c/
3.4
3.0
35.3
35.0
a/ Se refiere a los establecimientos que ocupan hasta cinco personas. En los casos del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador, P
(hasta 2002), la Repblica Dominicana, el Uruguay (1990) y la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela se incluyen a los que tienen hasta cuatro empleados.
b/ Se refiere a trabajadores por cuenta propia y familiares no remunerados sin calificacin profesional o tcnica.
c/ Incluye a los ocupados en la agricultura, silvicultura, caza y pesca.
d/ Total urbano, a excepcin de 1990 y 1997 que corresponden a Gran Buenos Aires.
e/ Ocho ciudades capitales de departamento y El Alto.
f/ rea metropolitana de Asuncin.
g/ A partir de 1998 el diseo muestral de la encuesta no permite el desglose urbano-rural. Por lo tanto, las cifras corresponden al total nacional.
Cuadro 19
DE BAJA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO, 1990 - 2011

l total de la poblacin urbana ocupada)
Trabajadores independientes
no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
4.0
2.1
2.3
2.0
2.5
3.2
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.4
18.2
16.9
15.1
13.9
11.3
10.7
10.7
10.4
9.3
9.2
9.3
7.5
9.1
11.0
11.3
11.5
8.7
8.1
7.6
43.8
41.4
41.7
45.3
41.8
43.0
33.5
35.4
0.9
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.6
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.4
2.8
20.8
17.3
16.7
16.9
15.9
12.5
12.6
12.2
12.1
11.8
12.1
11.3
11.3
10.7
4.6
4.0
3.1
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.5
2.6
7.5
13.3
11.4
10.7
10.0
10.2
9.2
11.2
13.6
3.8
6.8
5.4
5.2
6.3
18.7
17.9
22.9
26.7
Cuadro 19

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
7.8
7.6
7.6
6.9
7.0
7.3
7.3
7.4
29.9
30.4
29.9
29.3
31.4
33.0
33.8
34.7
7.6
4.9
4.0
4.5
4.2
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.1
2.7
3.3
2.9
2.8
8.9
11.1
14.7
13.4
15.9
16.4
14.2
14.1
12.0
13.3
13.4
10.8
10.6
7.5
6.2
6.7
5.9
6.9
5.8
5.0
4.7
5.4
5.4
5.1
5.1
6.0
30.6
30.1
28.4
29.3
30.1
33.0
29.6
31.7
33.5
32.3
32.8
31.6
34.7
11.6
8.9
9.3
8.9
8.1
7.7
7.5
30.7
32.6
29.7
32.4
34.4
34.0
33.6
10.0
9.8
10.0
8.9
22.5
17.7
31.0
28.8
Cuadro 19

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
12.1
11.6
10.9
10.9
11.3
12.3
10.2
9.8
11.0
11.2
26.4
21.2
26.3
26.4
25.2
28.1
13.7
14.9
15.9
20.8
4.0
4.6
4.1
4.2
3.7
4.5
3.1
2.8
3.4
2.6
2.0
16.6
19.1
20.5
21.8
22.1
21.6
21.7
21.5
22.7
17.3
14.4
8.9
3.7
6.6
9.6
8.1
21.4
36.4
36.0
33.1
35.6
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.7
3.0
2.6
1.9
8.7
7.9
11.7
13.0
13.6
13.9
15.0
15.0
13.5
14.1
14.8
13.6
10.6
6.7
5.6
5.1
5.7
5.8
6.0
5.4
21.5
27.4
32.2
27.2
24.4
25.8
22.5
Cuadro 19

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
4.7
4.9
6.8
3.7
4.0
22.3
23.6
21.7
22.7
22.3
5.5
4.8
4.5
4.4
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.3
40.7
38.6
39.5
38.5
35.9
35.9
35.9
36.4
35.8
2.8
2.0
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.1
3.2
21.2
19.1
22.4
21.8
21.7
23.3
20.9
22.8
23.1
5.8
5.6
5.1
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.7
4.4
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.2
11.8
13.0
12.7
12.2
8.7
9.5
11.5
10.5
10.6
10.5
9.6
9.3
4.4
4.7
4.9
5.9
5.4
4.9
4.8
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.4
14.6
19.0
24.4
30.6
33.4
31.7
30.2
29.7
29.4
29.5
30.1
Cuadro 19

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
4.5
4.4
29.8
29.7
se de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
s del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador, Panam
riana de Venezuela se incluyen a los que tienen hasta cuatro empleados.
Cuadro 19.1
POBLACIN MASCULINA URBANA OCUPADA EN SECTORES DE BAJA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO, 1990 - 2011
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores i
no califi
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
No profesionales
Total
y tcnicos
ni tcnicos
c/
Argentina d/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
41.9
42.1
38.6
40.1
43.0
41.5
40.3
39.1
37.9
37.3
36.3
4.6
4.1
4.5
4.1
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.6
4.0
3.9
4.0
12.5
15.7
18.6
16.8
17.6
18.5
17.6
16.9
16.7
16.3
15.7
0.3
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.1
12.2
14.5
17.2
15.5
16.3
17.2
16.4
15.8
15.5
15.0
14.6
1.8
0.3
0.4
0.2
/
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
23.0
21.9
15.1
18.9
21.8
19.3
19.1
18.5
17.1
16.9
16.4
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 e/
1994 e/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
48.0
52.6
57.0
54.2
56.8
63.4
55.2
52.8
1.6
9.0
7.4
3.1
4.4
6.0
6.6
5.9
13.5
19.0
15.1
16.6
17.8
25.3
20.1
17.9
0.9
0.9
1.1
1.2
0.8
1.8
1.5
1.3
12.7
18.1
14.0
15.4
17.0
23.5
18.6
16.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.7
32.4
24.1
34.0
34.2
34.5
31.9
28.1
28.4
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
39.2
41.7
43.0
41.6
40.2
40.0
38.6
38.4
37.2
36.8
35.6
36.4
35.9
2.7
2.6
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.5
3.0
3.1
1.9
10.2
11.8
11.5
12.1
12.1
12.0
11.6
11.5
11.3
11.2
11.2
11.4
11.6
0.9
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
9.3
10.6
10.4
10.9
11.0
10.9
10.5
10.3
10.3
10.1
10.1
10.3
10.5
0.4
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.9
0.9
20.6
25.6
26.4
27.8
25.9
24.3
24.4
23.5
23.4
22.3
22.4
20.8
21.1
21.5
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
34.0
30.1
30.3
29.8
27.1
27.7
25.6
25.6
22.8
0.9
2.0
2.3
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.0
1.2
1.1
10.7
9.8
10.8
10.4
8.4
8.2
7.3
7.2
6.2
0.6
0.7
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.5
10.0
9.1
9.7
9.7
7.6
7.5
6.7
6.4
5.7
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.6
22.2
18.2
17.0
16.3
15.7
16.5
16.2
16.9
14.9
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.4
28.2
26.0
32.4
37.2
39.2
Cuadro 19.1
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores i
no califi
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
No profesionales
Total
y tcnicos
ni tcnicos
c/
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
57.2
58.1
57.4
57.6
5.1
5.4
5.3
5.4
12.4
12.3
11.9
11.9
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
11.9
11.9
11.4
11.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
39.0
39.2
37.2
39.4
40.1
39.9
40.0
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
34.9
35.7
38.2
39.0
36.9
36.5
36.5
36.6
34.5
33.6
33.0
31.5
31.7
5.7
6.2
7.8
7.7
7.9
7.9
7.3
7.6
7.1
7.2
6.9
3.1
3.4
10.9
12.7
13.2
14.4
12.9
11.8
13.8
12.3
11.8
12.0
12.1
12.9
13.2
0.8
1.5
1.0
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.9
10.1
11.3
12.2
13.1
11.3
10.4
12.3
11.0
10.6
10.4
10.4
11.1
11.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.6
0.9
0.7
18.0
16.6
17.1
16.5
15.8
16.5
14.9
16.2
15.2
14.1
13.5
14.6
14.4
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
50.0
51.7
49.6
53.2
51.1
53.3
53.3
53.0
51.6
52.4
52.1
51.8
51.3
4.4
8.0
7.5
8.9
5.8
6.5
5.8
5.8
5.4
6.1
4.5
3.9
3.8
14.0
15.6
13.4
17.8
16.7
18.4
19.6
20.5
18.3
19.5
19.4
19.2
16.4
0.4
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.0
0.8
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.6
13.6
14.6
12.8
17.1
15.7
17.3
18.4
19.5
17.5
18.4
18.5
18.5
15.8
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.9
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.2
31.1
27.8
28.1
26.0
28.0
27.9
27.0
26.3
27.6
26.5
27.8
28.5
30.9
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
42.8
46.7
44.6
46.5
47.3
49.9
48.7
6.6
6.6
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.2
4.7
13.4
16.8
18.9
19.3
18.2
19.1
19.5
0.2
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9
1.1
13.3
16.0
18.0
18.4
17.5
18.1
18.4
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.4
22.3
23.0
19.5
21.0
22.6
24.8
24.1
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
48.3
51.7
48.4
49.5
2.6
4.9
7.4
5.7
18.0
26.7
16.8
19.6
0.8
3.5
1.1
1.6
17.2
23.2
15.7
18.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
27.5
19.8
24.0
24.2
Honduras
1990
1994
45.6
45.2
1.2
4.2
17.8
14.8
0.8
0.9
16.9
13.9
0.4
/
26.3
26.2
Cuadro 19.1
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores i
no califi
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
No profesionales
Total
y tcnicos
ni tcnicos
c/
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
51.2
50.4
52.2
53.8
43.5
44.4
49.1
50.5
7.5
6.9
4.6
5.7
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.0
16.0
16.7
15.6
15.1
14.4
14.1
17.7
17.0
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.6
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.5
15.5
15.9
14.9
14.5
13.1
12.9
16.4
15.5
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.5
27.0
26.2
31.7
32.6
24.4
26.2
26.8
29.0
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
41.0
40.2
40.0
44.3
42.1
38.5
41.6
39.6
41.3
4.9
4.6
4.9
4.4
3.0
3.0
3.6
4.4
7.1
18.1
18.3
19.2
20.6
22.4
19.2
21.3
22.9
24.9
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.8
3.5
17.1
17.3
18.0
19.3
20.7
17.7
19.5
21.1
21.4
0.6
0.6
0.9
1.2
0.9
1.4
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.2
17.1
17.6
17.1
16.1
15.1
17.8
15.9
15.7
16.2
11.8
9.1
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
44.8
54.1
53.8
52.9
34.6
0.6
4.4
5.1
5.8
17.7
20.5
22.9
20.1
1.2
1.8
1.6
0.8
16.4
18.7
21.3
19.3
0.2
0.9
/
0.4
0.2
26.3
28.3
25.8
26.7
34.4
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
31.9
31.0
31.8
32.1
37.5
37.8
38.7
37.7
34.1
33.0
33.2
33.5
31.6
2.4
2.5
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.2
3.1
3.2
6.6
6.4
6.6
7.6
10.3
9.8
10.6
10.7
8.8
9.3
9.0
9.5
7.8
0.9
0.4
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.1
5.7
6.1
5.7
6.8
9.3
8.9
9.7
9.8
7.8
8.4
8.2
8.4
6.7
0.8
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9
22.0
21.1
21.2
20.7
23.2
23.4
23.2
22.6
20.9
19.4
20.0
20.2
19.6
Paraguay
1990 f/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
47.6
53.7
55.1
50.2
53.8
58.1
55.3
53.1
47.8
52.4
10.3
9.4
7.0
6.9
8.9
5.9
6.5
7.1
7.2
6.5
20.9
19.8
19.2
18.2
19.0
21.0
21.8
20.5
18.2
21.7
0.8
1.0
0.8
1.1
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.8
1.9
20.1
18.8
18.4
17.0
17.4
19.5
20.5
19.1
16.4
19.8
/
1.3
0.8
0.8
1.5
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.2
1.4
16.3
23.2
28.0
24.3
24.4
29.3
25.3
23.9
21.3
22.8
Cuadro 19.1
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores i
no califi
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
No profesionales
Total
y tcnicos
ni tcnicos
c/
2010
2011
47.5
49.0
6.1
6.7
19.7
20.3
1.5
1.8
18.3
18.5
1.0
1.1
20.7
20.9
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
53.5
55.7
56.3
57.0
53.5
52.7
50.7
51.5
52.8
7.0
6.3
5.5
5.9
6.8
6.0
6.2
6.6
6.2
17.0
17.5
18.4
16.3
15.6
15.3
14.4
14.1
14.2
1.3
1.6
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.9
0.9
15.6
16.0
17.4
15.1
14.4
14.3
13.5
13.2
13.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
29.3
31.5
31.9
34.4
30.7
30.9
29.7
30.5
32.1
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
47.7
49.0
50.3
51.0
50.4
51.6
52.5
52.6
53.3
2.7
5.1
4.1
3.6
3.8
4.3
4.3
3.2
2.4
6.7
7.2
7.1
7.4
6.6
5.5
5.9
5.0
5.3
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.6
5.8
6.5
6.5
6.5
5.7
4.5
5.2
4.6
4.7
0.8
1.1
0.9
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.6
1.1
37.6
35.7
38.1
39.3
38.9
40.9
41.5
43.7
44.5
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
29.1
33.4
36.7
36.5
39.2
37.3
37.9
36.6
35.2
34.9
34.1
30.8
3.7
3.7
3.2
2.6
3.2
2.7
3.3
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.7
8.4
9.1
10.6
10.6
12.7
12.9
13.9
13.1
12.3
12.3
12.4
10.7
0.9
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
7.5
8.8
10.3
10.2
12.1
12.3
13.3
12.5
11.8
11.7
11.8
10.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.9
0.9
0.2
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
16.9
20.6
22.8
23.1
22.3
20.9
20.5
18.9
18.4
17.7
17.1
15.6
Venezuela g/
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
37.3
46.6
47.4
54.1
58.5
57.4
54.8
54.3
53.1
53.3
54.3
54.9
55.0
6.5
5.8
4.8
5.3
6.2
5.3
5.4
5.0
4.7
4.5
4.1
3.7
3.9
8.3
11.6
13.1
14.9
16.2
14.8
15.3
14.4
14.3
13.0
13.3
12.6
12.6
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.9
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
8.1
11.2
12.7
14.6
15.8
14.3
14.4
13.9
13.8
12.6
12.8
12.1
12.2
0.1
/
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
22.4
29.1
29.2
33.8
36.0
37.3
34.1
34.7
34.0
35.7
36.8
38.5
38.3
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pase
Cuadro 19.1
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores i
no califi
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
No profesionales
Total
y tcnicos
ni tcnicos
c/
a/ Se refiere a los establecimientos que ocupan hasta cinco personas. En los casos del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador, Pa
(hasta el 2002), la Repblica Dominicana, el Uruguay (1990) y la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela se incluyen a los que tienen hasta cuatro empleados.
Cuadro 19.1
ES DE BAJA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO, 1990 - 2011

otal de la poblacin urbana ocupada)
no calificados b/
Industria y
Comercio y
construccin
servicios
8.5
9.0
6.0
7.6
9.2
7.5
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.9
7.2
14.5
12.7
9.1
11.1
12.4
11.4
11.2
11.1
9.4
9.1
8.4
11.3
8.6
12.3
12.6
13.3
12.6
8.6
8.6
19.6
14.9
16.6
18.6
17.0
16.1
16.7
17.3
5.2
6.8
7.3
7.5
7.1
8.2
7.8
7.2
7.6
7.2
7.6
7.2
7.4
8.1
12.6
14.1
14.6
15.6
14.6
11.9
12.1
11.8
11.4
11.0
11.1
10.1
10.1
10.1
6.3
6.3
4.8
5.0
5.2
6.1
5.7
5.2
10.1
14.2
10.7
10.5
9.9
9.3
9.1
9.1
10.4
3.6
6.2
6.7
8.4
8.4
8.3
20.8
18.7
22.7
26.4
26.3
Cuadro 19.1

no calificados b/
Industria y
Comercio y
construccin
servicios
7.6
7.9
7.9
9.2
8.8
8.9
9.1
26.0
26.1
24.9
26.9
27.2
27.1
27.1
5.7
4.4
5.2
4.4
5.0
4.6
3.9
4.8
4.1
3.8
3.8
2.8
3.4
10.7
10.9
11.0
10.7
9.7
10.5
9.8
10.0
9.9
9.3
8.5
10.0
9.5
8.0
5.8
6.3
5.3
6.8
7.0
6.3
5.3
5.5
5.1
5.9
5.9
6.2
20.2
19.6
19.3
18.1
18.7
18.5
18.0
18.4
19.8
19.1
18.8
19.7
21.8
5.8
5.8
4.1
4.1
5.0
4.6
4.7
12.1
12.3
11.1
13.3
14.1
14.4
14.3
5.4
5.1
6.8
6.4
10.1
7.6
9.3
10.3
6.4
5.3
13.1
12.2
Cuadro 19.1

no calificados b/
Industria y
Comercio y
construccin
servicios
4.5
3.9
8.1
7.9
8.1
8.6
8.4
7.9
15.2
16.1
15.5
16.9
9.3
11.0
10.8
13.1
2.4
4.0
3.5
2.4
3.6
3.9
3.7
3.5
4.0
2.8
2.1
10.6
12.5
12.7
12.9
10.5
13.3
11.3
11.5
11.6
8.6
6.6
6.7
4.9
4.6
6.4
9.6
13.4
17.1
15.2
14.1
18.8
5.4
5.8
6.1
5.4
5.9
5.4
4.8
5.1
5.3
4.6
5.2
5.1
5.5
13.5
13.9
13.3
14.1
15.8
16.6
16.6
15.9
14.2
13.6
13.4
14.0
12.9
4.4
5.4
6.2
4.9
4.7
5.7
6.0
6.0
4.3
4.3
11.4
15.0
17.1
15.9
16.4
19.3
15.1
14.4
13.9
14.9
Cuadro 19.1

no calificados b/
Industria y
Comercio y
construccin
servicios
5.4
4.8
12.7
13.3
5.3
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.6
4.4
4.3
5.1
19.1
21.3
20.2
21.7
20.7
21.2
20.8
21.7
21.7
10.3
9.7
11.1
11.7
11.1
12.1
11.1
11.3
12.6
22.2
20.2
21.1
21.1
21.4
22.7
24.1
25.4
25.2
5.4
6.9
8.1
9.0
10.5
9.1
8.7
7.6
7.7
7.4
7.3
6.7
11.5
12.4
12.8
13.0
10.2
9.9
10.2
9.2
8.6
8.1
7.7
7.2
4.0
6.5
7.2
7.3
7.1
7.5
6.8
7.7
7.8
8.7
9.6
9.5
9.8
15.6
19.0
18.4
19.8
21.6
21.7
20.6
20.2
19.7
20.3
20.4
21.7
22.1
de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
Cuadro 19.1

no calificados b/
Industria y
Comercio y
construccin
servicios
l Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador, Panam

ana de Venezuela se incluyen a los que tienen hasta cuatro empleados.
Cuadro 19.2
POBLACIN FEMENINA URBANA OCUPADA EN SECTORES DE BAJA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO, 1990 - 201
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Argentina d/
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores
no calif
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
47.4
46.8
43.5
43.8
39.3
41.8
42.4
42.7
41.8
41.3
2.3
1.6
2.5
1.7
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.3
10.4
12.5
11.0
11.9
11.8
10.9
10.8
11.0
11.5
11.5
0.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.8
10.0
11.0
9.4
10.2
10.4
9.7
9.4
9.8
10.0
9.7
12.4
13.5
12.7
14.2
11.6
15.1
16.3
16.6
16.0
15.9
22.2
19.2
17.4
16.0
13.9
14.0
13.6
13.2
12.0
11.7
2011
40.5
2.1
11.4
1.6
9.8
15.2
11.8
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 e/
1994 e/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
70.8
73.9
74.3
74.1
75.5
77.9
69.5
66.0
0.4
3.2
2.2
1.8
2.2
2.1
3.9
3.2
6.1
9.1
8.0
7.6
9.2
9.5
8.7
9.4
0.9
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.9
1.2
1.7
1.5
5.1
7.9
7.1
6.9
8.3
8.3
7.0
7.9
12.0
10.7
7.3
6.0
8.0
10.0
11.8
7.7
52.3
50.8
56.8
58.6
56.0
56.4
45.1
45.7
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2001
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
51.8
51.7
52.0
51.2
50.3
50.4
49.2
49.3
47.8
47.3
46.1
46.8
43.0
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.7
1.6
1.2
6.6
8.3
8.0
8.7
8.5
8.8
8.6
8.6
8.4
8.9
8.8
8.9
9.5
2.1
2.7
2.7
2.9
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
4.5
5.6
5.3
5.8
7.3
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.7
7.7
7.7
8.4
14.5
19.1
19.4
19.6
19.9
19.1
19.0
18.9
18.7
18.2
17.8
16.9
18.1
16.5
22.4
25.0
22.7
23.1
21.2
21.2
21.3
20.2
20.5
19.6
19.3
18.7
18.3
15.8
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
47.6
42.5
41.4
41.4
39.1
38.0
38.2
36.5
32.1
0.6
1.5
1.5
2.1
1.6
1.9
1.4
1.0
1.0
9.5
8.6
9.2
11.2
8.1
7.3
7.1
6.9
5.6
1.3
0.9
1.0
1.4
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
8.2
7.7
8.2
9.7
7.2
6.4
6.2
6.0
4.5
19.3
16.8
16.3
15.2
16.2
16.3
14.3
12.0
12.7
18.2
15.6
14.3
13.0
13.2
12.4
15.3
16.6
12.9
Colombia
1991
1994
1997
1999
13.0
12.4
10.1
11.4
25.6
23.5
28.3
33.3
Cuadro 19.2
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Trabajadores
no calif
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
10.3
9.7
9.5
9.2
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.5
9.6
9.1
8.8
8.7
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
60.5
62.1
62.4
62.7
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
1990
39.8
1.9
9.5
0.9
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
40.6
41.2
44.8
45.0
42.3
44.8
44.0
42.1
41.2
40.4
41.7
42.4
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.7
3.5
3.7
4.2
3.5
3.7
3.5
1.3
2.0
11.4
10.0
11.0
11.2
10.1
11.4
10.5
12.4
11.1
10.0
10.6
10.1
1.2
0.9
1.6
1.2
1.2
2.1
1.6
2.1
1.6
2.2
1.7
1.6
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
60.4
62.0
60.1
63.9
62.8
63.7
63.3
62.7
63.8
63.2
62.5
59.2
60.2
2.3
4.5
3.7
4.5
3.4
3.2
3.5
3.8
2.8
3.1
2.4
1.9
1.9
7.7
8.8
8.9
10.3
10.1
9.8
11.6
10.5
10.7
11.2
11.1
10.9
9.8
0.9
1.1
1.4
1.6
1.0
1.4
1.8
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.1
0.9
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
60.1
62.7
58.9
61.4
62.2
63.6
61.9
2.6
3.0
2.6
3.1
2.9
2.7
3.1
6.0
8.5
8.8
8.3
8.9
9.8
9.5
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
61.6
56.2
63.9
62.2
1.3
2.2
3.1
3.0
8.8
16.7
9.6
9.6
Costa Rica
Empleo
domstico
Total
c/
12.3
12.1
11.1
10.9
9.0
9.2
8.8
8.3
38.3
39.1
38.3
36.8
38.9
40.8
41.6
42.7
8.7
11.8
16.5
10.2
9.1
9.4
10.0
8.9
9.3
8.9
10.3
9.5
7.9
9.0
8.5
10.1
9.2
12.5
9.8
8.4
11.9
11.6
10.8
10.1
10.0
16.0
17.0
16.1
18.7
18.0
20.3
20.3
17.8
17.6
15.4
16.4
16.8
13.8
13.4
6.7
7.8
7.5
8.7
9.1
8.4
9.8
9.5
9.3
9.9
9.8
9.8
8.9
11.1
11.5
11.9
12.9
10.5
9.6
11.5
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.2
8.1
6.3
39.2
37.3
35.6
36.2
38.8
41.2
36.7
38.6
40.5
39.2
39.8
38.3
42.2
0.3
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.7
5.7
7.7
8.2
7.7
8.3
9.1
8.8
8.9
9.3
8.4
8.4
7.8
8.9
7.6
42.7
41.9
39.2
41.5
42.6
42.2
41.7
0.8
2.5
1.1
1.4
8.0
14.2
8.5
8.1
17.3
8.0
8.6
8.9
34.2
29.2
42.6
40.7
Cuadro 19.2
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores
no calif
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
62.7
54.8
56.1
56.9
55.7
58.2
40.8
40.8
43.9
51.0
0.8
1.5
2.7
3.3
2.5
2.6
2.4
1.8
2.5
2.3
7.5
6.8
5.5
6.3
7.4
6.0
6.4
5.3
6.4
7.7
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.6
1.0
0.7
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.5
6.9
6.0
4.7
5.7
6.3
5.3
5.3
4.4
5.4
6.1
15.6
13.4
10.3
9.4
8.7
8.6
7.6
8.3
7.4
8.2
38.7
33.0
37.6
37.9
37.1
41.0
24.4
25.4
27.7
32.9
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
47.1
49.3
45.1
50.7
50.4
48.5
50.6
48.8
48.4
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.7
2.2
5.5
11.3
11.6
10.6
14.5
15.2
13.6
14.9
16.3
17.6
1.5
0.9
1.1
1.3
2.4
1.7
2.2
1.9
2.3
9.8
10.7
9.5
13.2
12.8
11.9
12.8
14.4
15.4
7.0
9.5
8.3
9.0
6.5
8.2
8.7
8.6
7.5
10.2
8.8
21.8
24.9
25.6
26.8
26.5
26.5
25.2
24.6
26.4
20.2
16.6
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
53.8
66.2
64.1
63.5
54.5
0.5
1.4
2.0
3.3
7.9
10.7
9.0
7.9
2.2
1.9
1.2
0.6
5.7
8.9
7.8
7.3
14.3
13.3
10.0
8.9
10.1
31.0
40.9
43.2
43.3
44.3
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
33.0
33.3
35.6
36.7
38.9
40.6
41.9
42.4
38.8
38.4
37.5
35.4
31.4
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.8
5.0
4.8
6.1
6.1
6.5
7.4
7.6
7.1
6.6
5.9
6.0
6.3
6.4
0.6
0.5
1.0
0.8
0.9
1.3
1.2
2.3
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.8
4.4
4.3
5.1
5.3
5.5
6.2
6.4
4.9
5.4
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.6
16.4
17.6
14.4
13.4
15.2
15.6
14.9
15.9
14.3
13.8
12.0
11.3
10.5
10.6
9.9
14.1
15.8
15.9
16.2
17.8
17.8
16.1
16.9
18.0
16.3
12.7
Paraguay
1990 f/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
65.3
69.0
70.4
68.2
66.7
70.7
65.9
2.2
4.9
2.6
2.5
3.8
2.4
2.7
10.1
8.7
7.8
11.2
9.0
9.4
7.6
1.6
1.1
0.4
0.5
1.7
1.4
0.7
8.5
7.6
7.4
10.7
7.4
8.0
6.9
24.4
21.8
20.2
20.1
21.0
22.3
23.1
28.6
33.7
39.8
34.4
32.8
36.6
32.5
Cuadro 19.2
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores
no calif
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
65.6
61.8
64.6
60.9
58.9
3.4
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.0
10.3
8.7
11.7
8.1
11.3
1.5
0.9
1.4
1.1
2.0
8.8
7.8
10.3
7.0
9.3
21.0
19.5
17.8
21.1
15.7
31.0
30.6
32.0
28.6
29.0
1997
1999
2001
2003
69.0
71.1
71.6
70.4
2.2
2.5
2.2
2.6
7.8
10.8
9.4
8.7
1.3
1.6
1.0
1.2
6.6
9.2
8.4
7.5
9.4
12.3
11.2
10.5
49.6
45.6
48.8
48.7
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
67.1
67.7
67.1
67.6
65.9
3.3
2.9
3.2
3.4
3.0
8.7
10.0
9.4
9.7
10.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.2
7.6
9.0
8.2
8.6
8.9
9.9
9.2
8.9
8.5
7.2
45.2
45.6
45.6
45.9
45.6
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
43.6
45.2
45.6
46.7
45.1
46.9
45.5
46.6
46.8
1.8
3.3
2.6
2.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.9
1.7
7.3
8.6
6.0
8.4
6.6
6.1
6.1
5.7
5.6
0.6
1.5
0.5
0.9
1.3
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.7
6.7
7.0
5.5
7.5
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.9
10.0
12.0
11.5
11.5
12.7
13.0
13.9
12.5
12.7
24.5
21.4
25.4
24.3
24.1
25.9
23.5
25.5
26.8
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
43.0
44.7
45.7
44.0
44.8
45.2
43.8
45.0
44.0
43.6
42.7
39.6
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.6
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
6.7
7.1
9.0
8.1
10.0
10.7
14.7
11.2
11.3
10.8
11.3
10.2
1.9
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.6
4.9
6.6
8.5
7.4
9.4
10.1
14.0
10.5
10.6
10.3
10.7
9.6
17.0
16.8
16.8
17.4
19.6
18.2
10.8
16.3
15.6
15.6
15.4
14.4
17.9
19.2
18.5
17.0
13.7
15.0
16.7
15.6
15.2
15.2
14.0
13.0
Venezuela g/
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
35.1
38.8
45.0
52.0
57.4
54.6
51.9
50.2
48.9
47.8
47.4
1.7
1.2
1.4
1.5
2.2
1.9
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
8.8
9.5
7.8
7.7
8.6
8.5
8.7
7.9
7.5
7.0
6.5
0.3
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
8.5
8.8
7.0
7.0
7.8
7.5
7.1
7.1
6.7
6.2
5.6
5.6
4.2
6.3
5.5
6.6
6.3
5.0
5.3
4.9
4.3
3.6
19.1
23.9
29.6
37.3
40.1
37.9
36.3
35.4
34.9
34.9
35.6
Per
Cuadro 19.2
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
2010
2011
46.7
46.3
1.4
1.4
Empleo
domstico
Trabajadores
no calif
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
6.7
7.0
1.0
0.8
5.7
6.2
Total
c/
3.4
3.0
35.3
35.0
a/ Se refiere a los establecimientos que ocupan hasta cinco personas. En los casos del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador, Pa
(hasta 2002), la Repblica Dominicana, el Uruguay (1990) y la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela se incluyen a los que tienen hasta cuatro empleados.
Cuadro 19.2

total de la poblacin urbana ocupada)
no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
4.0
2.1
2.3
2.0
2.5
3.2
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.4
18.2
16.9
15.1
13.9
11.3
10.7
10.7
10.4
9.3
9.2
2.4
9.3
7.5
9.1
11.0
11.3
11.5
8.7
8.1
7.6
43.8
41.4
41.7
45.3
41.8
43.0
33.5
35.4
0.9
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.6
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.4
2.8
20.8
17.3
16.7
16.9
15.9
12.5
12.6
12.2
12.1
11.8
12.1
11.3
11.3
10.7
4.6
4.0
3.1
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.5
2.6
7.5
13.3
11.4
10.7
10.0
10.2
9.2
11.2
13.6
3.8
6.8
5.4
5.2
6.3
18.7
17.9
22.9
26.7
Cuadro 19.2

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
7.8
7.6
7.6
6.9
7.0
7.3
7.3
7.4
29.9
30.4
29.9
29.3
31.4
33.0
33.8
34.7
7.6
8.9
4.9
4.0
4.5
4.2
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.1
2.7
3.3
2.9
2.8
11.1
14.7
13.4
15.9
16.4
14.2
14.1
12.0
13.3
13.4
10.8
10.6
7.5
6.2
6.7
5.9
6.9
5.8
5.0
4.7
5.4
5.4
5.1
5.1
6.0
30.6
30.1
28.4
29.3
30.1
33.0
29.6
31.7
33.5
32.3
32.8
31.6
34.7
11.6
8.9
9.3
8.9
8.1
7.7
7.5
30.7
32.6
29.7
32.4
34.4
34.0
33.6
10.0
9.8
10.0
8.9
22.5
17.7
31.0
28.8
Cuadro 19.2

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
12.1
11.6
10.9
10.9
11.3
12.3
10.2
9.8
11.0
11.2
26.4
21.2
26.3
26.4
25.2
28.1
13.7
14.9
15.9
20.8
4.0
4.6
4.1
4.2
3.7
4.5
3.1
2.8
3.4
2.6
2.0
16.6
19.1
20.5
21.8
22.1
21.6
21.7
21.5
22.7
17.3
14.4
8.9
3.7
6.6
9.6
8.1
21.4
36.4
36.0
33.1
35.6
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.7
3.0
2.6
1.9
8.7
7.9
11.7
13.0
13.6
13.9
15.0
15.0
13.5
14.1
14.8
13.6
10.6
6.7
5.6
5.1
5.7
5.8
6.0
5.4
21.5
27.4
32.2
27.2
24.4
25.8
22.5
Cuadro 19.2

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
4.7
4.9
6.8
3.7
4.0
22.3
23.6
21.7
22.7
22.3
5.5
4.8
4.5
4.4
40.7
38.6
39.5
38.5
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.3
35.9
35.9
35.9
36.4
35.8
2.8
2.0
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.1
3.2
21.2
19.1
22.4
21.8
21.7
23.3
20.9
22.8
23.1
5.8
5.6
5.1
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.7
4.4
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.2
11.8
13.0
12.7
12.2
8.7
9.5
11.5
10.5
10.6
10.5
9.6
9.3
4.4
4.7
4.9
5.9
5.4
4.9
4.8
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.4
14.6
19.0
24.4
30.6
33.4
31.7
30.2
29.7
29.4
29.5
30.1
Cuadro 19.2

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
4.5
4.4
29.8
29.7
de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador, Panam

na de Venezuela se incluyen a los que tienen hasta cuatro empleados.
TASAS DE DESEMPLEO ABIERTO, SEGN SEX
Pas
Sexo
Total
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
Total
5.9
12.1
14.3
13.9
Hombres
5.7
10.6
12.4
13.0
Mujeres
6.4
14.5
17.2
Bolivia
Total
9.4
3.2
(Estado
Hombres
9.5
3.4
Plurinacional de)
Mujeres
9.1
Brasil
Total
Hombres
Argentina b/
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba c/
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
15 a 24 aos
2005
2009
2010
2011
1990
1994
1997
1999
17.9
11.5
8.6
7.7
7.2
13.0
22.4
24.2
25.2
17.8
10.0
7.8
6.6
6.2
11.5
19.6
21.1
23.6
15.2
18.0
13.5
9.8
9.2
8.5
15.6
26.7
28.9
27.5
3.7
7.1
6.4
6.0
4.8
17.4
5.8
6.4
15.3
3.7
6.0
5.2
4.9
3.6
18.2
6.3
5.8
12.5
2.9
3.7
8.5
7.9
7.3
6.2
16.5
5.2
7.1
18.5
4.5
7.4
8.0
11.4
10.4
10.7
9.2
7.4
8.3
14.3
15.1
21.7
4.8
6.4
6.7
9.4
8.4
8.3
7.0
5.5
8.7
12.4
12.8
18.4
Mujeres
3.9
8.9
10.0
14.1
13.0
13.7
12.0
9.8
7.7
17.0
18.2
26.2
Total
8.7
6.8
10.1
10.8
10.1
7.6
10.5
7.8
17.9
16.2
21.9
23.3
Hombres
8.1
5.9
9.3
10.2
8.5
6.3
9.2
6.6
17.0
14.1
20.5
22.8
Mujeres
9.7
8.4
11.2
11.8
12.4
9.5
12.3
9.6
19.3
19.2
23.8
23.9
Total
9.3
8.0
11.8
19.2
17.1
13.3
13.2
12.7
12.2
19.7
16.2
24.3
36.6
Hombres
6.7
5.4
9.7
16.2
14.6
10.9
11.1
10.6
10.0
15.3
11.9
20.7
32.0
Mujeres
13.0
11.6
14.7
23.0
20.2
16.2
15.7
15.2
14.8
24.8
21.0
28.3
41.6
Total
5.3
4.2
5.8
6.1
6.8
6.9
7.7
7.1
7.7
10.5
9.7
13.0
14.8
Hombres
4.9
3.7
5.3
5.3
6.2
5.6
6.5
6.0
6.3
9.8
8.6
11.4
14.8
Mujeres
6.2
5.1
6.7
7.4
7.7
8.8
9.3
8.8
9.7
11.6
11.6
16.2
14.9
Total
5.4
6.5
7.1
6.3
2.3
2.0
1.6
Hombres
3.6
5.3
4.7
4.3
1.9
1.9
1.5
Mujeres
8.5
8.7
11.2
9.6
2.9
2.1
1.8
Total
6.1
7.1
9.2
14.2
9.1
7.7
7.9
6.1
5.1
13.5
14.9
18.9
25.9
Hombres
4.2
5.7
6.9
10.5
5.8
5.6
6.5
5.3
4.3
11.2
12.7
15.1
20.0
Mujeres
9.2
9.2
12.6
19.5
13.9
10.8
9.8
7.2
6.1
17.2
17.8
24.5
33.9
Total
6.8
7.3
6.9
7.0
6.5
7.1
6.8
14.0
14.6
13.9
Hombres
8.3
8.8
8.9
8.8
8.8
9.1
8.3
15.4
16.1
16.2
Mujeres
4.9
5.5
4.6
5.0
3.8
4.9
5.1
11.9
12.4
10.6
Total
3.5
2.8
6.0
2.7
7.1
4.8
Hombres
3.3
3.6
5.2
2.4
7.2
6.0
Mujeres
3.8
1.9
7.0
3.1
7.0
3.4
Total
6.9
4.1
5.2
5.3
6.0
4.7
5.0
6.5
11.2
7.1
8.9
9.0
Hombres
7.6
4.5
5.9
6.2
6.3
4.3
4.7
5.9
11.5
7.5
9.2
10.3
Mujeres
5.9
3.4
4.3
4.0
5.7
5.1
5.3
7.2
10.7
6.6
8.5
7.4
Mxico
Total
3.3
4.5
3.2
2.4
3.4
4.1
6.3
8.1
9.4
7.4
5.6
Hombres
3.4
5.1
3.6
2.8
3.9
4.9
7.6
8.4
10.0
8.1
6.5
Mujeres
3.1
3.6
2.6
1.7
2.6
2.9
4.3
7.6
8.3
6.2
4.3
Total
14.1
13.8
12.5
5.9
8.4
20.1
20.9
Hombres
16.5
14.0
13.1
6.3
9.2
20.3
17.9
Mujeres
10.8
13.6
11.7
5.4
7.3
19.7
25.8
Total
20.0
15.8
15.4
13.6
16.5
12.1
7.9
7.7
5.4
38.8
31.1
31.5
28.3
Hombres
17.9
13.0
13.3
11.4
14.0
10.0
6.3
6.5
5.3
37.0
28.9
29.2
24.3
Mujeres
22.8
19.7
18.2
16.7
19.8
15.0
9.9
9.3
5.4
41.0
34.4
34.6
33.6
Total
6.3
4.4
8.0
9.1
10.2
7.5
8.3
6.9
6.4
15.5
7.8
16.7
16.7
Hombres
6.2
4.9
7.5
9.0
9.7
6.6
7.9
6.2
4.9
14.7
8.2
15.8
17.3
Mujeres
6.5
3.7
8.6
9.2
10.7
8.5
8.8
7.8
8.3
16.5
7.4
17.9
16.1
Total
10.6
7.3
7.2
5.6
5.0
4.8
18.0
15.3
Hombres
8.1
7.0
6.8
5.4
4.4
4.5
15.2
15.3
Mujeres
13.7
7.7
7.6
5.9
5.8
5.2
21.0
15.2
Repblica
Total
7.5
7.8
6.2
5.6
7.0
Dominicana
Hombres
5.4
5.9
4.5
4.6
5.7
Mujeres
10.5
10.8
8.7
7.0
8.7
8.9
9.7
11.4
11.2
16.9
12.1
7.6
7.0
6.3
24.4
24.7
26.3
25.8
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay d/
Per
Uruguay
Total
Hombres
7.3
7.3
8.9
8.6
13.4
9.5
5.5
5.2
4.9
22.2
19.8
21.8
21.4
Mujeres
11.1
13.0
14.7
14.5
21.1
15.3
10.0
9.1
7.8
27.5
31.5
32.7
32.0
Venezuela e/
Total
10.2
8.9
10.8
14.5
16.2
11.4
8.1
8.5
7.8
19.3
17.1
20.4
25.7
(Repblica
Hombres
11.2
9.1
9.4
13.6
14.4
10.3
7.4
7.8
7.0
19.9
17.2
17.2
22.2
Bolivariana de)
Mujeres
8.4
8.3
13.3
16.1
18.8
13.0
9.0
9.4
9.1
18.0
17.0
26.3
32.6
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivo
a/ Los aos exactos a los que corresponden las encuestas de cada pas figuran en el cuadro 5.
b/ Total Urbano, a excepcin de 1990 y 1997 que corresponden a Gran Buenos Aires.
c/ Oficina Nacional de Estadstica (ONE) de Cuba, 1990-1999 desempleo total (urbano y rural), 2003-2008, desempleo urbano; sobre la base de tabulacione
d/ rea metropolitana de Asuncin.
e/ A partir de 1998 el diseo muestral de la encuesta no permite el desglose urbano-rural. Por lo tanto, las cifras corresponden al total nacional.
Sin informacin
Cuadro 20
DESEMPLEO ABIERTO, SEGN SEXO Y EDAD, EN ZONAS URBANAS, ALREDEDOR DE 1990, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2009, 2010 Y 2011 a/
Grupos de edad
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
2002
2005
2009
2010
2011
1990
1994
1997
33.5
26.0
21.2
19.4
18.7
4.9
9.4
31.7
22.9
18.8
16.6
16.5
5.0
8.1
35.8
30.6
24.7
23.6
22.2
4.9
11.2
12.0
8.6
9.2
10.1
6.4
13.4
14.5
11.2
20.6
22.2
19.7
17.2
18.1
15.9
25.1
27.4
22.1
35 a 44 aos
1999
2002
2005
2009
2010
2011
1990
1994
1997
1999
12.7
11.6
15.3
10.3
8.3
7.3
7.1
4.1
9.2
10.6
10.2
10.1
10.6
15.0
7.9
7.0
6.0
5.4
3.9
6.7
8.6
8.2
11.5
16.8
13.1
15.7
13.3
10.0
9.0
9.5
4.3
13.0
13.8
13.0
8.5
2.8
3.7
6.3
7.1
5.2
5.4
5.1
2.0
2.9
3.8
7.5
2.5
3.4
4.8
4.8
3.3
4.3
5.5
2.1
3.1
2.3
9.9
3.2
4.2
8.2
9.7
7.5
6.7
4.6
1.9
2.5
5.5
16.8
4.4
6.9
7.4
10.5
9.4
9.7
9.4
7.4
2.4
4.3
5.0
7.0
13.7
4.7
5.5
5.6
8.0
6.7
6.7
6.4
4.6
2.8
3.8
4.2
5.5
24.5
20.7
3.8
8.8
9.8
13.8
12.6
13.4
12.8
10.6
1.7
5.0
6.1
9.0
18.2
25.5
20.2
8.3
6.5
9.9
10.9
10.2
8.1
11.5
8.2
5.1
3.7
7.3
8.1
19.0
15.8
23.3
17.6
7.4
5.5
9.2
9.7
9.0
6.3
10.6
7.0
4.6
3.0
6.3
7.4
26.3
21.6
28.5
24.1
9.7
8.3
10.9
12.7
12.0
10.7
12.6
9.7
5.8
4.8
8.9
9.2
31.9
27.1
26.3
25.7
25.1
8.3
7.6
11.8
17.8
16.8
13.4
12.9
12.7
12.3
4.2
4.7
6.5
13.2
28.7
23.2
22.6
22.2
20.9
5.5
4.4
8.6
14.0
13.1
10.2
9.8
9.5
8.9
2.8
3.4
5.4
10.5
35.3
31.7
30.9
30.0
30.2
11.8
11.6
15.6
22.1
21.0
17.1
16.5
16.3
16.2
6.2
6.3
7.9
16.4
16.4
15.9
18.0
17.1
17.3
4.9
3.8
4.4
5.3
5.1
4.8
7.7
5.9
8.6
2.5
2.3
3.9
3.0
14.7
13.2
16.0
15.6
15.4
4.1
3.7
3.6
3.8
4.4
3.2
6.5
3.9
5.9
2.3
1.5
3.9
2.1
19.0
20.0
21.0
19.3
19.8
6.2
4.0
5.6
7.4
6.0
7.2
9.4
8.4
11.9
2.8
3.5
4.0
4.2
6.4
5.3
3.8
3.4
2.9
2.2
5.1
3.5
2.8
2.7
1.9
6.8
5.5
4.1
4.2
3.2
2.6
6.1
17.4
15.5
17.9
15.3
13.0
6.4
6.6
9.7
13.6
9.2
8.3
9.6
7.0
6.6
2.7
3.9
4.7
9.0
12.0
12.2
15.3
13.9
11.5
3.2
4.4
6.4
8.0
4.7
5.1
7.1
4.9
4.8
1.7
3.1
3.6
5.5
25.5
20.6
21.8
17.4
15.5
11.3
9.8
14.3
21.3
15.3
12.5
13.0
9.7
9.0
4.5
5.2
6.3
13.6
13.2
12.7
15.5
15.4
6.8
7.7
6.1
6.6
6.4
7.0
6.8
2.6
4.4
4.4
15.2
14.9
17.0
15.7
7.5
8.1
7.0
8.3
8.4
8.5
7.4
3.7
6.1
6.0
10.2
9.6
13.5
14.9
6.0
7.2
5.1
4.7
4.1
5.4
6.2
1.5
2.5
2.6
11.1
5.4
2.9
3.8
3.8
2.4
1.6
1.8
8.2
4.5
2.6
4.5
3.3
2.4
1.5
2.4
14.6
6.7
3.4
2.8
4.6
2.3
1.8
1.0
9.3
7.7
9.8
12.7
7.0
3.6
5.4
4.7
6.1
5.1
5.5
7.3
4.3
3.1
2.9
2.9
9.4
6.7
8.3
10.6
6.6
3.7
5.6
5.3
5.5
4.2
4.7
5.9
6.0
4.1
4.5
3.6
9.3
9.0
12.0
15.7
7.6
3.6
5.2
4.1
6.9
6.3
6.5
9.0
2.0
1.3
0.8
2.2
7.2
9.8
12.8
2.4
2.9
2.8
2.5
3.5
3.7
6.2
0.7
2.3
1.5
1.1
8.2
11.3
14.3
2.5
3.0
3.1
2.6
3.9
3.9
6.9
0.9
2.8
1.8
1.7
5.4
7.4
10.1
2.0
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.9
3.4
5.4
0.2
1.2
0.8
0.1
21.5
9.7
15.5
..
14.5
11.0
10.2
7.4
8.8
11.1
12.3
21.8
9.3
15.1
17.3
10.3
10.7
6.9
9.4
13.5
14.3
20.9
10.4
16.2
10.6
11.7
9.6
8.0
8.0
7.9
9.9
34.2
26.3
18.8
18.0
15.6
21.7
15.8
14.9
13.5
16.8
12.2
8.3
8.5
6.1
10.4
9.6
9.7
8.4
31.0
23.1
15.7
15.2
14.7
17.8
10.5
10.9
9.7
12.9
9.3
5.6
6.7
5.3
8.4
7.1
7.5
6.5
39.1
30.9
23.8
22.3
17.1
26.5
22.5
20.1
19.0
21.6
15.9
11.7
10.9
7.0
12.7
12.9
12.2
10.5
18.4
15.6
17.1
15.8
15.8
4.8
3.5
4.6
6.7
10.1
5.6
6.0
5.3
4.5
2.3
2.6
3.9
5.9
17.6
14.5
16.0
14.0
11.7
5.0
3.9
3.4
5.5
8.6
2.9
4.3
3.8
2.7
3.2
2.9
3.2
6.2
19.5
16.9
18.5
18.5
20.7
4.7
3.0
6.4
8.4
12.0
8.7
8.1
7.2
6.7
1.1
2.1
4.9
5.4
12.4
12.2
12.2
12.1
7.3
5.5
6.4
5.3
4.6
4.6
6.0
4.1
12.6
12.9
11.5
12.3
4.7
4.7
5.2
4.5
4.0
3.7
2.6
3.8
12.2
11.4
13.0
11.9
10.3
6.3
7.7
6.3
5.4
5.8
9.9
4.5
14.1
16.4
15.0
10.9
14.1
9.3
8.6
6.2
5.9
8.5
10.4
13.6
9.5
8.7
11.0
6.3
5.6
5.2
4.3
6.7
20.2
21.2
24.2
13.9
18.7
13.1
13.1
7.6
8.0
11.0
37.9
29.2
20.8
20.4
18.0
8.2
8.4
10.5
10.0
16.4
12.8
7.8
6.6
6.0
4.3
5.5
7.1
7.2
32.0
25.1
16.8
16.7
15.4
6.0
4.9
7.5
7.2
12.7
8.7
4.7
3.9
3.9
2.5
3.4
4.4
3.7
46.1
34.7
26.2
25.6
21.6
11.0
12.8
14.3
13.5
20.8
17.5
11.0
9.4
8.3
6.4
7.8
10.2
11.2
28.2
19.8
16.0
17.3
16.5
11.3
9.1
10.7
14.7
16.3
11.8
8.1
9.0
8.9
5.9
5.3
6.8
10.2
24.4
17.3
13.8
15.2
14.0
12.3
8.8
8.6
12.8
13.5
9.6
6.8
7.4
7.3
6.9
5.9
5.9
10.1
34.5
24.1
20.2
21.3
21.2
9.6
9.6
14.0
17.7
20.4
15.1
10.1
11.4
11.3
4.0
4.2
8.2
10.4
o urbano; sobre la base de tabulaciones de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacin.
sponden al total nacional.
2010 Y 2011 a/
35 a 44 aos
45 aos y ms
2002
2005
2009
2010
2011
1990
1994
1997
1999 2002
2005
2009
2010
2011
15.2
6.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
3.8
9.1
11.6
11.3
13.3
8.2
5.3
4.7
4.1
13.9
4.9
4.4
3.7
3.6
4.2
9.2
11.1
11.6
15.2
7.9
5.2
4.5
4.0
16.7
8.8
6.8
6.5
5.6
3.0
8.9
12.4
10.9
10.3
8.5
5.4
5.1
4.2
4.6
3.3
3.2
6.6
2.1
2.1
3.7
3.3
3.3
2.6
3.2
2.0
2.0
8.5
2.9
2.8
4.9
4.0
3.9
2.4
6.1
4.8
4.9
3.8
0.9
1.2
1.9
2.4
2.7
3.0
6.6
6.3
5.8
4.9
1.5
2.6
3.8
5.5
4.9
4.7
4.2
3.1
5.0
4.3
4.0
3.3
2.0
2.7
3.7
5.3
4.8
4.1
3.3
2.5
8.4
8.7
7.9
6.8
0.6
2.5
4.0
5.8
5.1
5.5
5.3
3.9
7.4
5.4
7.4
5.8
5.3
3.7
6.3
7.6
6.6
4.3
5.8
4.2
5.6
4.2
6.1
4.0
5.6
3.9
6.6
7.8
6.0
3.8
5.0
3.5
10.0
7.2
9.1
7.9
4.7
3.4
5.6
7.2
7.6
5.0
7.1
5.1
11.6
8.5
9.4
9.0
8.2
3.8
3.3
5.8
10.3
10.1
7.1
8.1
7.7
7.3
9.2
6.2
6.8
6.6
5.8
3.7
2.9
6.1
10.6
10.2
7.1
8.3
7.5
7.2
14.4
11.1
12.3
11.5
10.6
3.9
4.2
5.1
9.7
9.9
7.2
7.9
7.9
7.5
3.7
4.9
4.9
5.3
4.9
2.9
1.6
3.0
2.3
3.3
3.8
3.2
3.5
3.4
3.0
4.0
3.7
4.3
3.1
3.1
1.6
3.1
1.9
3.4
3.5
2.7
3.2
3.6
4.6
6.0
6.2
6.6
7.0
2.3
1.5
2.8
2.9
3.3
4.2
4.2
4.0
3.2
1.7
1.6
1.5
0.8
0.6
0.7
1.6
1.4
0.6
0.6
0.7
2.3
1.5
1.6
1.3
1.1
0.7
0.6
5.9
5.8
4.3
3.9
2.5
1.3
2.7
3.8
8.3
5.2
3.5
3.5
2.7
2.0
3.1
3.6
2.9
3.0
1.6
1.3
2.9
3.4
8.6
4.3
2.9
3.3
2.8
2.0
9.8
8.4
6.0
5.0
3.6
1.4
2.2
4.6
7.7
6.7
4.5
3.7
2.6
2.0
4.7
4.5
5.1
3.7
3.4
3.5
3.8
4.6
3.8
3.5
3.7
5.6
6.6
6.6
5.2
5.4
5.4
6.1
6.2
6.2
6.0
6.2
3.8
2.3
3.4
2.0
0.6
0.8
1.0
2.7
0.8
0.7
0.9
3.2
1.4
1.2
0.9
3.4
1.2
2.7
1.1
1.4
1.3
5.1
1.3
3.8
1.8
0.9
0.4
0.9
1.0
4.1
3.0
2.9
3.7
3.7
1.3
2.3
3.0
3.5
2.6
1.6
2.4
4.9
2.9
3.1
3.5
5.3
2.0
3.4
4.3
4.5
3.3
2.4
3.2
3.3
3.1
2.7
3.9
0.7
0.1
0.7
1.1
2.0
1.5
0.6
1.4
1.5
1.9
3.6
0.8
3.1
1.1
0.6
1.8
2.2
4.4
1.6
2.6
4.2
1.0
4.2
1.5
0.8
2.2
3.1
6.3
1.3
1.0
2.9
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
1.0
0.6
1.3
9.7
3.9
5.8
10.6
10.5
6.3
2.1
3.9
9.6
5.5
6.7
13.9
12.9
6.6
2.9
5.3
9.8
2.2
4.8
6.3
7.0
5.8
1.1
2.2
10.4
7.8
5.3
5.5
2.6
8.1
6.2
6.9
5.9
7.4
6.4
3.6
3.4
2.3
7.1
5.1
3.7
4.9
2.0
9.1
6.1
7.4
6.8
7.7
6.2
3.6
2.9
3.3
14.7
11.2
7.4
6.3
3.4
6.4
6.3
6.0
4.5
6.8
6.6
3.6
4.1
1.0
4.5
3.2
3.5
3.1
3.0
1.4
3.1
4.9
6.8
6.0
5.4
5.1
3.8
3.3
3.6
2.4
4.3
2.7
2.8
2.0
4.5
6.5
7.5
7.5
6.9
5.5
4.1
3.1
5.6
4.2
2.5
3.6
3.2
0.0
0.7
2.6
5.8
4.1
3.4
4.6
3.3
3.5
4.7
3.1
2.4
2.2
10.5
4.5
5.6
3.4
2.7
2.4
3.9
2.0
1.5
1.8
9.0
5.0
6.0
3.5
2.1
2.2
5.7
4.3
3.3
2.7
12.8
3.7
5.0
3.1
3.5
2.6
4.7
5.1
3.4
4.7
5.0
2.6
2.4
2.6
2.3
2.4
3.1
2.9
2.1
4.6
4.8
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.2
2.0
6.9
8.3
5.1
5.0
5.3
2.7
2.0
2.6
2.5
2.8
12.1
8.2
4.6
4.4
3.7
3.5
3.8
5.3
6.1
9.6
6.2
3.8
3.2
2.9
7.8
5.1
2.3
2.5
2.2
3.0
3.4
4.4
4.9
7.7
4.8
2.8
2.3
2.2
16.8
11.4
7.1
6.4
5.2
4.4
4.5
6.7
7.7
12.1
7.9
4.9
4.3
3.7
11.1
8.0
5.5
5.7
4.9
4.5
4.2
5.7
7.8
9.9
7.6
5.2
5.0
4.3
9.9
7.4
5.3
5.4
4.5
5.5
4.9
6.0
9.4
10.4
8.2
5.6
5.4
4.6
12.9
8.9
5.8
6.1
5.4
1.7
2.5
5.3
4.7
9.0
6.5
4.6
4.4
3.9
TASAS DE DESEMPLEO ABIERTO, SEGN SEXO Y

Pas
Sexo
1990
1994
1997
1999
Total
2002
2005
2009
2010
2011
1990
1994
1997
0 a 5 aos
Argentina b/
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
5.9
5.7
6.4
12.1
10.6
14.5
14.3
12.4
17.2
13.9
13.0
15.2
17.9
17.8
18.0
11.5
10.0
13.5
8.6
7.8
9.8
7.7
6.6
9.2
7.2
6.2
8.5
7.6
8.7
5.7
13.0
12.9
13.2
16.8
15.6
18.7
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
9.4
9.5
9.1
3.2
3.4
2.9
3.7
3.7
3.7
7.1
6.0
8.5
6.4
5.2
7.9
6.0
4.9
7.3
4.8
3.6
6.2
7.1
9.0
5.4
2.4
3.1
1.7
2.7
3.2
2.3
Brasil
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
4.5
4.8
3.9
7.4
6.4
8.9
8.0
6.7
10.0
11.4
9.4
14.1
10.4
8.4
13.0
10.7
8.3
13.7
9.2
7.0
12.0
7.4
5.5
9.8
4.2
4.8
3.1
6.5
5.9
7.4
7.5
6.5
9.2
Chile
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
8.7
8.1
9.7
6.8
5.9
8.4
10.1
9.3
11.2
10.8
10.2
11.8
10.1
8.5
12.4
7.6
6.3
9.5
10.5
9.2
12.3
7.8
6.6
9.6
9.2
9.2
9.2
5.9
5.8
6.2
12.9
14.0
10.9
Colombia
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
9.3
6.7
13.0
8.0
5.4
11.6
11.8
9.7
14.7
19.2
16.2
23.0
17.1
14.6
20.2
13.3
10.9
16.2
13.2
11.1
15.7
12.7
10.6
15.2
12.2
10.0
14.8
6.6
5.1
9.0
6.2
4.7
8.5
9.3
8.7
10.4
Costa Rica
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
5.3
4.9
6.2
4.2
3.7
5.1
5.8
5.3
6.7
6.1
5.3
7.4
6.8
6.2
7.7
6.9
5.6
8.8
7.7
6.5
9.3
7.1
6.0
8.8
7.7
6.3
9.7
6.4
6.9
5.2
5.0
4.3
6.6
5.5
4.8
7.2
Cuba
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
5.4
3.6
8.5
6.5
5.3
8.7
7.1
4.7
11.2
6.3
4.3
9.6
2.3
1.9
2.9
2.0
1.9
2.1
1.6
1.5
1.8
Ecuador
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
6.1
4.2
9.2
7.1
5.7
9.2
9.2
6.9
12.6
14.2
10.5
19.5
9.1
5.8
13.9
7.7
5.6
10.8
7.9
6.5
9.8
6.1
5.3
7.2
5.1
4.3
6.1
2.6
3.0
2.0
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.9
6.0
5.9
El Salvador
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
6.8
8.3
4.9
7.3
8.8
5.5
6.9
8.9
4.6
7.0
8.8
5.0
6.5
8.8
3.8
7.1
9.1
4.9
6.8
8.3
5.1
6.0
9.2
2.6
5.3
8.8
1.6
Guatemala
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
3.5
3.3
3.8
2.8
3.6
1.9
6.0
5.2
7.0
2.7
2.4
3.1
2.3
2.3
2.3
Honduras
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
6.9
7.6
5.9
4.1
4.5
3.4
5.2
5.9
4.3
5.3
6.2
4.0
6.0
6.3
5.7
4.7
4.3
5.1
5.0
4.7
5.3
6.5
5.9
7.2
5.1
7.3
1.7
3.0
3.8
1.7
4.8
6.6
2.2
Mxico
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
3.3
3.4
3.1
4.5
5.1
3.6
3.2
3.6
2.6
2.4
2.8
1.7
3.4
3.9
2.6
4.1
4.9
2.9
6.3
7.6
4.3
1.3
1.6
0.4
3.9
5.4
1.2
2.2
2.9
0.9
c/
Nicaragua
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
14.1
16.5
10.8
13.8
14.0
13.6
12.5
13.1
11.7
5.9
6.3
5.4
8.4
9.2
7.3
14.1
16.4
11.1
Panam
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
20.0
17.9
22.8
15.8
13.0
19.7
15.4
13.3
18.2
13.6
11.4
16.7
16.5
14.0
19.8
12.1
10.0
15.0
7.9
6.3
9.9
7.7
6.5
9.3
5.4
5.3
5.4
15.5
16.3
14.1
11.5
13.3
7.8
12.1
13.6
9.1
Paraguay d/
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
6.3
6.2
6.5
4.4
4.9
3.7
8.0
7.5
8.6
9.1
9.0
9.2
10.2
9.7
10.7
7.5
6.6
8.5
8.3
7.9
8.8
6.9
6.2
7.8
6.4
4.9
8.3
4.4
4.2
4.7
5.6
7.4
3.3
7.3
7.5
7.0
Per
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
10.6
8.1
13.7
7.3
7.0
7.7
7.2
6.8
7.6
5.6
5.4
5.9
5.0
4.4
5.8
4.8
4.5
5.2
9.4
7.5
11.0
Repblica
Dominicana
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
7.5
5.4
10.5
7.8
5.9
10.8
6.2
4.5
8.7
5.6
4.6
7.0
7.0
5.7
8.7
Uruguay
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
8.9
7.3
11.1
9.7
7.3
13.0
11.4
8.9
14.7
11.2
8.6
14.5
16.9
13.4
21.1
12.1
9.5
15.3
7.6
5.5
10.0
7.0
5.2
9.1
6.3
4.9
7.8
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.2
6.5
8.1
6.7
10.7
Venezuela e/
Total
10.2
8.9
10.8
14.5
16.2
11.4
8.1
8.5
7.8
9.7
7.9
10.2
(Repblica
Hombres
11.2
9.1
9.4
13.6
14.4
10.3
7.4
7.8
7.0
11.4
8.2
9.3
Bolivariana de)
Mujeres
8.4
8.3
13.3
16.1
18.8
13.0
9.0
9.4
9.1
5.4
7.1
12.3
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivo
a/
b/
c/
d/
e/
Los aos exactos a los que corresponden las encuestas de cada pas figuran en el cuadro 5.
Oficina Nacional de Estadstica (ONE) de Cuba, 1990-1999 desempleo total (urbano y rural), 2003-2008, desempleo urbano; sobre la base de tabulacione
Total urbano, a excepcin de 1990 que corresponde al rea metropolitana de Asuncin.
A partir de 1998 el diseo muestral de la encuesta no permite el desglose urbano-rural. Por lo tanto, las cifras corresponden al total nacional.
Sin informacin
Cuadro 21
SEMPLEO ABIERTO, SEGN SEXO Y NMERO DE AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, EN ZONAS URBANAS, ALREDEDOR DE 1990, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2009, 2010
0 a 5 aos
1999 2002 2005
2009
2010
2011
1990
1994
1997
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
1999 2002 2005
10
2009
2010
2011
1990
1994
15.1
17.1
12.0
17.9
22.3
10.6
12.4
13.1
11.3
12.5
12.6
12.5
9.3
9.9
7.9
9.3
9.7
8.4
6.8
6.1
8.5
14.0
11.9
18.8
16.6
15.7
18.4
16.4
15.2
18.6
19.7
20.1
18.8
12.6
11.6
14.2
10.0
9.4
11.1
8.5
7.7
9.9
7.7
7.2
8.5
5.9
4.7
7.4
11.6
10.0
13.7
3.4
2.8
3.9
4.2
4.0
4.4
3.6
3.0
4.0
3.8
3.2
4.4
9.3
8.2
11.1
2.8
3.1
2.4
2.1
1.8
2.6
7.9
7.0
9.2
7.3
5.9
9.2
5.8
4.2
8.1
4.0
2.1
6.7
13.1
12.5
14.1
3.7
3.9
3.4
9.9
8.5
12.1
8.7
7.2
11.3
8.3
6.6
11.1
7.3
5.6
10.0
5.9
4.6
8.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
11.0
8.8
14.4
11.3
9.0
14.8
15.6
12.7
20.1
13.8
11.0
18.0
14.6
11.4
19.2
12.0
9.0
16.2
9.9
7.4
13.8
4.5
4.6
4.5
7.3
5.9
8.8
13.6
13.9
12.9
10.8
10.5
11.4
7.0
6.7
7.6
8.7
8.0
9.8
6.3
4.4
9.4
10.0
10.3
9.4
8.1
7.4
9.5
12.2
12.0
12.5
13.9
13.9
13.7
10.6
9.6
12.3
7.6
6.0
10.2
11.1
9.5
13.6
8.1
6.3
10.8
9.2
7.9
11.7
7.8
6.5
10.2
15.3
13.8
17.4
13.3
11.4
16.1
9.3
8.0
11.3
10.5
9.1
12.5
9.7
8.2
11.9
9.2
7.8
11.1
11.3
8.2
16.3
9.7
6.3
14.9
14.5
11.5
18.6
23.2
19.2
28.2
19.2
16.8
22.4
14.0
11.4
17.5
14.0
11.4
17.5
13.4
11.2
16.4
12.7
10.3
15.7
12.4
8.1
17.6
10.2
6.5
14.6
9.2
6.8
13.3
9.7
11.1
7.1
8.0
7.4
9.3
13.1
11.7
15.5
6.1
5.8
6.7
8.9
7.4
11.6
6.0
5.4
7.3
5.0
3.7
7.5
7.3
6.4
8.9
7.8
7.1
9.3
8.4
7.3
10.4
8.5
6.8
11.6
9.8
8.0
12.9
9.6
8.5
11.5
8.8
7.4
11.0
5.7
4.6
7.2
4.1
4.3
3.9
1.3
1.4
0.7
2.4
2.0
3.4
9.0
8.5
9.5
7.5
6.1
9.4
5.9
3.4
9.4
4.7
3.6
6.0
3.7
3.6
3.7
2.6
2.3
3.0
4.8
3.3
8.0
5.7
4.9
7.3
7.8
6.4
10.5
13.8
10.9
18.8
9.4
5.7
15.8
7.0
4.9
10.4
6.9
5.6
9.0
4.9
4.3
5.9
6.2
4.9
8.3
10.3
6.8
14.9
10.2
7.8
13.6
4.9
7.8
1.9
7.1
9.9
4.3
6.0
10.8
1.3
5.3
8.9
1.6
5.0
8.1
1.9
6.8
8.1
4.8
8.0
9.4
5.8
7.4
9.4
4.7
7.0
8.9
4.2
6.9
9.0
3.6
6.8
9.0
3.8
6.3
8.2
3.7
9.2
9.6
8.7
1.7
3.0
0.3
2.0
1.5
2.6
1.7
1.3
2.2
4.3
4.1
4.7
2.9
4.1
1.1
7.0
5.8
8.8
2.9
2.5
3.5
5.9
5.3
6.5
4.8
7.0
2.0
4.8
5.8
3.3
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.7
2.5
3.5
3.3
3.7
7.7
8.1
6.9
5.0
5.9
3.5
5.4
6.0
4.5
6.3
6.9
5.5
6.1
6.5
5.6
4.3
3.9
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.7
5.5
6.0
4.6
9.3
8.0
10.6
4.4
3.8
5.3
1.5
2.3
0.0
2.1
3.1
0.5
3.2
5.0
0.6
..
6.3
9.4
1.5
4.3
4.4
4.0
5.0
5.7
3.7
3.3
3.8
2.5
2.6
3.0
1.8
3.1
3.7
2.0
4.3
5.1
2.8
6.7
8.2
4.1
3.8
4.4
2.7
4.9
5.3
4.2
11.8
13.8
9.0
8.7
9.1
8.0
3.7
5.3
1.6
6.2
7.7
4.3
15.0
16.8
12.0
14.2
13.0
16.2
14.3
15.4
12.5
5.5
5.8
5.0
9.2
10.6
7.0
12.6
14.8
10.2
9.3
9.4
9.1
16.4
16.1
16.9
6.2
6.9
4.8
2.6
2.0
3.6
4.7
5.7
2.9
4.2
5.4
1.8
19.8
18.2
22.4
15.5
13.5
19.1
16.6
15.6
18.4
15.5
14.2
17.9
16.4
14.9
19.4
11.3
10.2
13.3
8.6
8.0
9.9
7.7
7.3
8.6
5.3
5.6
4.8
25.3
21.0
30.4
19.8
14.4
27.0
11.9
12.1
11.6
8.5
8.4
8.7
6.0
7.9
3.9
7.2
7.7
6.4
7.0
7.3
6.6
4.8
4.0
5.9
6.4
6.7
6.0
4.9
5.3
4.3
8.9
8.1
9.9
9.0
9.1
8.9
10.8
10.7
11.0
8.5
9.0
7.7
6.9
7.1
6.7
6.8
5.9
8.3
5.4
4.7
6.4
8.4
7.9
9.1
4.1
3.5
4.9
4.9
5.8
4.1
5.2
5.8
4.7
2.8
3.3
2.5
2.0
1.8
2.1
2.6
2.9
2.3
11.6
10.4
13.1
10.0
10.2
9.8
6.4
6.3
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.0
6.3
5.7
5.7
6.6
4.7
4.8
3.5
7.4
5.2
4.3
7.2
3.9
2.5
6.8
3.0
2.7
3.8
4.3
4.3
4.5
8.6
6.2
12.8
7.0
5.4
10.1
6.6
5.7
8.5
4.8
3.3
7.8
7.0
5.5
9.6
8.9
7.4
11.9
13.2
10.6
18.3
10.3
7.6
15.3
6.2
3.9
10.4
6.7
4.9
9.7
5.5
4.3
7.8
10.2
8.4
13.0
12.4
9.1
17.5
13.2
10.1
18.1
13.1
9.8
18.2
19.1
15.1
25.3
13.9
10.6
18.9
9.2
6.1
13.7
8.3
5.8
12.1
7.5
5.5
10.6
10.0
7.5
12.8
9.5
6.1
13.3
11.7
13.4
9.3
6.9
12.2
12.7
8.7
6.3
10.6
14.9
10.5
8.3
6.8
6.3
8.3
6.1
5.9
6.9
12.1
12.9
10.1
9.8
10.4
8.5
11.0
9.6
14.0
15.5
14.8
17.0
16.6
15.1
19.4
11.4
10.7
12.5
7.5
7.3
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.1
6.5
6.4
6.8
9.3
9.7
8.7
9.1
9.0
9.2
o urbano; sobre la base de tabulaciones de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacin
sponden al total nacional.
97, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2009, 2010 Y 2011 a/
1997
10 a 12 aos
1999 2002 2005
2009
2010
2011
1990
1994
1997
13 y ms aos
1999 2002 2005
2009
2010
2011
14.4
9.8
21.3
14.1
12.0
17.2
19.7
17.4
22.8
12.9
10.1
16.9
9.2
7.7
11.4
8.7
6.9
11.8
8.1
6.6
10.5
3.0
3.4
2.5
7.7
5.9
9.5
9.4
7.6
11.3
9.6
8.0
10.9
13.3
12.4
14.0
8.7
7.0
10.3
6.5
5.3
7.6
5.9
4.8
6.9
5.5
4.2
6.7
5.4
4.6
6.8
10.5
7.5
15.7
7.5
6.0
9.8
7.4
5.9
9.8
5.1
3.6
7.7
8.1
7.9
8.4
3.8
3.1
5.0
4.1
4.7
3.1
6.0
5.5
6.7
7.0
4.6
10.0
7.8
6.3
9.6
5.5
4.9
6.3
7.5
5.8
9.3
12.2
9.5
14.9
11.9
9.3
14.6
12.1
8.7
15.6
10.8
7.7
14.1
8.3
5.7
11.2
1.8
1.6
2.1
3.3
2.4
4.2
3.4
2.6
4.2
5.2
4.0
6.4
4.5
4.0
4.9
5.4
4.7
5.9
5.0
4.3
5.7
4.3
3.2
5.1
10.2
8.7
12.6
11.4
9.9
13.9
11.2
8.9
14.7
8.5
6.7
11.1
11.7
10.3
13.8
9.0
7.4
11.1
6.3
5.0
8.0
4.4
3.3
5.9
7.0
5.6
8.7
6.6
6.0
7.4
7.6
6.2
9.4
6.2
5.5
7.1
8.7
7.5
10.0
6.2
5.6
6.8
14.7
11.4
18.4
23.2
18.6
28.2
21.1
17.7
24.9
17.2
14.1
20.8
16.1
13.2
19.6
15.5
12.7
18.7
15.1
11.9
18.9
7.4
6.2
9.0
5.2
3.4
7.3
7.6
5.9
9.6
14.1
12.4
16.0
14.3
12.7
15.9
11.7
9.9
13.6
11.4
10.1
12.7
11.6
9.9
13.1
11.0
9.5
12.5
6.1
5.4
7.1
4.7
3.6
6.1
6.2
4.6
8.3
7.3
5.4
9.9
7.8
6.2
9.9
6.6
4.5
9.4
8.8
6.3
11.9
3.0
2.3
3.9
2.7
2.7
2.6
3.4
3.2
3.6
2.8
2.1
3.6
3.4
2.7
4.1
3.5
2.5
4.5
3.4
2.7
4.2
4.1
2.5
5.6
4.9
3.8
6.1
1.9
1.7
2.3
0.9
0.9
0.9
12.9
9.2
18.3
19.0
12.8
27.0
11.1
6.6
17.2
10.2
7.4
14.3
9.5
7.8
11.7
7.8
6.6
9.4
6.7
5.6
8.4
6.1
4.2
8.9
6.7
4.9
9.0
8.1
5.4
11.7
11.5
7.7
16.1
7.3
5.0
10.3
6.8
5.4
8.3
8.6
7.3
10.0
6.5
5.7
7.4
5.0
4.3
5.8
9.6
9.8
9.3
9.3
11.0
7.3
8.7
10.1
7.1
7.0
8.2
5.5
9.8
11.3
8.0
9.1
8.8
9.5
4.9
4.7
5.2
6.4
5.5
7.4
6.1
6.5
5.7
4.4
4.5
4.2
6.1
6.4
5.8
6.3
5.7
6.8
6.4
7.8
5.1
5.4
5.1
5.8
9.1
8.2
10.3
4.5
4.2
4.8
2.3
2.3
2.3
1.7
0.8
3.3
6.9
5.8
8.8
2.2
2.4
1.8
6.3
5.9
6.7
4.3
4.9
3.8
7.6
7.1
8.0
6.8
6.4
7.2
7.8
7.1
8.5
9.7
8.2
11.0
6.3
5.3
7.8
2.8
2.3
3.6
3.6
3.3
4.0
4.0
3.3
5.0
5.9
5.6
6.3
5.6
5.7
5.5
4.3
4.0
4.5
7.8
6.1
9.5
3.4
3.3
3.6
2.9
3.5
2.0
3.9
4.1
3.5
4.0
4.9
2.9
6.3
7.4
4.6
2.4
2.1
3.3
3.6
2.8
5.2
3.9
3.9
3.9
2.1
1.9
2.6
4.4
4.7
4.1
4.3
4.2
4.3
5.6
5.6
5.5
18.5
19.2
17.8
16.6
19.5
14.1
7.8
8.3
7.3
9.4
9.6
9.2
13.6
19.2
4.8
12.4
10.8
14.0
11.5
9.8
13.6
7.8
7.2
8.3
8.8
8.2
9.4
18.2
14.4
23.5
16.0
11.8
21.6
19.7
15.7
25.0
14.7
11.9
18.8
9.2
6.3
13.5
9.4
7.0
13.0
7.4
6.8
8.4
15.2
13.5
16.8
12.2
10.0
14.5
11.3
8.2
14.2
9.7
7.2
12.2
12.9
9.9
15.7
11.3
8.1
14.2
6.4
4.8
7.7
6.3
5.0
7.4
3.5
3.0
3.8
9.7
8.2
11.8
10.2
9.4
11.3
12.6
12.4
12.8
8.0
5.2
12.0
10.8
10.1
11.6
7.5
7.2
8.1
7.8
5.8
10.8
3.7
2.9
4.8
1.2
1.2
1.2
3.4
3.6
3.1
4.3
3.9
4.6
7.4
4.7
9.9
6.2
3.2
9.0
6.9
5.2
8.5
6.0
3.8
8.1
6.4
4.3
8.3
12.7
8.9
18.0
7.1
7.0
7.3
9.3
8.3
10.9
6.8
6.0
8.0
5.5
4.5
6.8
5.6
4.8
6.8
8.1
5.4
11.5
7.7
5.8
10.2
6.5
6.0
7.3
5.5
5.3
5.8
5.6
4.4
7.0
4.8
4.0
5.6
8.4
6.1
11.5
11.1
7.8
15.7
7.7
5.0
11.7
6.8
5.2
9.2
7.8
6.3
9.8
7.6
5.6
9.7
7.4
6.0
8.7
5.8
4.5
7.1
6.8
7.8
6.0
8.0
6.8
8.9
11.8
8.9
14.9
11.4
8.6
14.5
17.8
13.3
22.7
12.8
9.6
16.3
8.2
6.1
10.5
7.6
5.6
9.7
6.6
5.1
8.3
5.9
4.4
7.2
4.9
4.0
5.6
6.8
4.8
8.3
6.3
4.3
7.8
12.2
10.2
13.8
8.5
7.2
9.4
4.6
4.0
5.0
4.1
3.4
4.7
4.2
3.6
4.7
12.7
10.8
15.4
16.2
13.7
19.7
18.0
14.9
21.9
12.7
11.2
14.9
8.7
8.0
10.0
8.6
8.0
9.5
8.3
7.7
9.4
6.1
5.6
6.7
6.7
5.9
7.8
8.4
6.6
10.3
12.7
11.2
14.0
15.7
14.1
17.1
11.3
9.7
12.7
8.7
7.9
9.3
9.5
8.1
10.6
9.5
8.0
10.8
Indicadores de remuneraciones
Cuadro 22
INGRESO MEDIO DE LA POBLACIN ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 20
(En mltiplos de las respectivas lneas de pobreza per cpita)
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
Sector privado
pblico
Total
a/
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Empleo
domstico
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
3.7
3.1
3.3
2.8
3.4
3.8
10.2
7.4
5.9
5.8
7.1
8.1
3.9
4.1
4.0
3.3
3.8
4.0
4.4
4.6
5.0
4.6
5.0
4.8
3.8
3.9
3.7
2.9
3.5
3.7
8.6
7.2
9.2
8.1
6.4
5.3
2.7
3.1
2.8
2.2
2.8
3.3
1.3
2.0
2.1
1.4
1.9
2.5
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
4.5
4.4
5.1
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.2
4.5
4.8
4.9
5.4
15.1
15.2
18.4
14.5
14.3
14.0
13.4
13.0
12.8
13.6
14.2
14.7
14.7
16.9
3.9
3.9
4.3
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.8
4.1
4.4
4.6
5.0
6.0
6.7
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.5
6.9
7.4
7.6
8.2
3.9
3.4
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.5
3.8
3.9
4.3
7.3
7.4
7.6
6.9
6.8
8.3
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.4
7.8
8.6
8.6
9.0
2.7
2.5
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.5
1.0
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.1
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
5.1
6.3
7.0
7.5
7.8
7.7
7.9
8.6
8.2
29.6
34.9
35.1
35.3
35.6
38.3
32.9
37.4
32.9
4.0
5.0
5.3
5.8
6.3
5.9
6.5
7.1
7.1
7.2
8.2
8.3
9.1
10.3
9.6
4.0
5.0
5.0
5.8
6.0
5.6
6.1
6.5
6.8
7.7
10.2
12.2
12.6
15.4
13.4
14.0
13.2
14.8
3.3
3.8
3.6
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.6
4.9
4.9
1.8
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.1
Colombia c/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
4.0
3.9
4.1
4.1
9.2
10.3
9.4
8.2
8.0
7.7
7.3
7.6
8.7
7.9
8.2
8.1
2.8
3.2
3.6
3.8
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.7
4.8
5.0
5.1
3.5
4.6
6.5
6.3
7.2
7.0
6.7
7.1
8.7
9.2
9.9
9.7
2.7
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.6
5.1
7.2
6.6
7.0
9.2
8.6
9.7
9.5
10.1
10.3
10.5
11.0
2.5
2.6
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.8
1.1
1.5
1.5
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.4
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
5.4
6.0
5.8
6.3
6.6
6.5
8.4
11.3
8.8
10.9
9.8
8.0
5.3
5.5
5.7
6.0
7.0
7.2
7.7
8.0
8.6
9.3
10.1
10.5
4.6
4.8
4.9
5.3
6.2
6.4
9.5
9.3
9.5
10.6
11.2
11.5
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.6
5.1
5.2
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.5
Ecuador
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.7
6.4
6.0
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.2
7.4
8.7
11.2
11.3
10.5
12.6
13.3
6.2
6.9
5.9
6.1
6.5
6.2
6.3
9.1
10.6
8.9
9.4
9.9
9.8
10.4
5.4
6.0
5.2
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.6
9.7
10.4
9.1
8.9
9.9
10.3
10.4
4.4
4.9
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.2
2.0
2.3
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.2
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.3
3.9
3.8
4.0
4.0
6.8
7.6
8.3
14.3
11.3
10.6
13.1
9.8
3.5
3.5
3.7
4.0
3.7
3.8
4.1
4.2
5.5
5.8
6.0
6.8
6.4
6.7
6.8
7.3
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.6
6.3
6.3
6.5
7.0
5.9
6.0
6.0
5.9
2.6
2.6
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.2
1.8
1.8
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.4
2.5
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
3.4
3.6
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.2
7.9
8.1
8.1
9.0
9.3
7.6
6.8
3.3
3.8
4.2
4.1
3.7
3.6
3.5
5.3
5.9
6.8
6.8
6.4
6.5
6.3
2.9
3.3
3.7
3.6
3.2
3.2
3.0
6.8
7.7
8.1
8.5
6.4
6.8
5.6
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.7
1.2
2.2
2.5
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.5
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
18.6
19.5
9.5
18.4
2.8
2.9
3.0
2.7
4.9
4.4
5.3
4.6
2.4
2.7
2.8
2.4
5.2
6.2
6.4
4.9
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.0
1.4
1.3
1.8
1.4
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
2.5
2.4
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.4
15.8
7.7
7.3
4.9
5.4
4.5
4.3
5.6
5.7
6.4
2.8
2.2
1.9
1.9
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
4.9
3.7
3.0
3.2
4.4
5.0
5.0
5.3
5.4
5.8
2.3
1.9
1.7
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.4
6.2
4.4
4.0
3.5
5.5
6.4
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.8
2.0
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.9
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.9
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
4.2
3.9
3.3
3.8
4.2
3.9
4.0
4.1
3.9
3.8
3.2
18.0
14.6
11.3
14.4
15.5
14.1
13.9
17.1
13.9
14.8
5.0
3.3
3.4
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.2
3.1
4.8
4.8
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.1
3.3
3.1
2.6
2.9
3.2
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.8
2.7
6.7
8.9
6.0
6.7
7.2
7.8
6.6
6.8
6.8
5.7
5.5
2.9
2.6
2.2
2.5
2.7
2.6
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.5
2.2
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.1
7.8
10.1
10.0
10.4
12.2
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.8
3.2
3.3
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.6
3.2
6.0
5.8
6.1
5.4
5.3
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.6
2.3
2.3
1.8
2.0
2.3
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.7
5.6
6.1
17.0
14.6
16.1
17.6
17.1
18.9
18.5
16.5
22.0
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.2
5.3
5.6
5.5
5.7
8.9
8.9
8.6
8.7
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.4
7.4
4.9
4.9
4.8
5.1
4.4
4.6
4.9
4.9
5.2
11.1
10.6
9.8
9.3
8.7
8.6
9.2
9.0
8.9
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.3
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.2
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.2
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.3
3.0
2.7
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.5
10.2
9.4
9.5
8.6
11.4
8.0
6.7
9.7
11.4
3.2
3.1
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.1
4.9
5.2
3.6
4.2
3.7
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.1
2.9
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.8
6.6
6.1
4.9
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.5
2.5
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.5
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.2
3.1
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.6
6.7
5.7
5.2
5.5
6.6
6.6
6.2
6.5
7.6
3.7
3.8
3.3
3.7
3.8
3.7
4.0
3.8
4.1
4.2
4.7
4.1
4.3
5.0
4.8
5.0
4.9
5.1
3.5
3.5
3.1
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.6
3.9
6.5
7.8
6.7
8.3
6.7
6.6
7.3
6.6
6.4
3.0
2.8
2.5
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.3
2.4
2.8
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.4
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.9
3.7
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.5
5.1
4.8
4.6
14.7
14.7
15.9
17.1
16.8
16.2
16.8
20.6
18.0
3.7
2.3
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.8
4.4
2.6
3.2
3.5
3.2
3.6
4.0
3.6
3.5
3.5
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.6
7.5
4.8
5.8
5.8
5.4
5.0
5.2
5.2
5.3
2.7
1.6
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.3
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.2
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.0
4.4
4.6
4.6
4.8
10.5
12.1
11.9
11.0
10.0
4.0
4.2
4.6
4.6
4.9
5.7
5.7
6.3
6.4
6.5
3.5
3.8
4.1
4.2
4.4
7.4
8.1
8.6
8.3
8.1
2.9
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.9
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.3
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.6
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.4
4.2
4.3
4.1
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.6
11.5
8.6
11.4
9.2
9.9
9.3
11.8
9.7
7.8
7.5
7.4
7.1
6.4
3.7
3.2
2.7
3.2
3.0
2.9
3.4
4.0
4.2
4.0
4.1
3.8
3.7
4.0
2.8
2.9
3.7
4.5
4.1
4.8
5.6
5.7
5.2
5.3
4.7
4.6
3.6
3.3
2.6
3.0
2.5
2.4
2.9
3.3
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.2
6.6
6.7
5.8
6.4
4.8
4.1
4.5
5.4
5.6
5.1
4.9
4.5
4.6
3.2
2.9
2.2
2.6
2.2
2.2
2.6
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
1.4
1.3
1.0
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pase
a/ En las cifras de Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994, 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004, 2005, 2006) y Nicaragua (1998, 2009) se incluye a los asalariados del sector pblic
Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1994 y 1996), El Salvador (1995), la Repblica Dominicana y la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela se inc
trabajadores no profesionales ni tcnicos- los establecimientos que tienen hasta cuatro empleados. En los casos en que no se dispuso de informacin sobre el t
no se proveen cifras para el conjunto de las personas ocupadas en sectores de baja productividad.
b/ Incluye a los trabajadores por cuenta propia, profesionales y tcnicos.
c/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados po
Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y
Sin informacin.
CUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 2011

remunerados
Total
No profesionales
b/
ni tcnicos
2.5
2.1
2.4
1.9
2.2
2.9
2.4
2.0
2.2
1.9
2.1
2.8
3.8
4.0
4.8
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.9
3.9
3.9
4.8
3.5
3.6
4.4
3.4
3.3
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.7
3.2
3.3
3.2
4.1
6.0
6.4
8.2
8.5
7.4
8.1
9.3
10.5
9.9
5.6
5.1
6.5
6.6
5.4
6.2
7.2
8.2
7.4
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.1
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.2
5.0
5.9
5.1
5.6
4.0
3.5
4.8
5.8
4.9
5.4
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.6
4.0
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
3.0
3.1
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.6
2.5
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.1
2.4
2.7
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.0
2.6
2.4
2.6
3.0
2.9
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.5
2.9
2.9
2.2
2.2
3.9
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
1.9
2.3
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.9
2.3
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.5
4.9
3.6
2.7
3.2
3.6
3.5
3.9
4.0
3.4
3.3
2.5
4.7
3.4
2.5
3.0
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.0
3.0
2.3
3.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.9
3.1
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.8
3.5
3.8
3.8
4.3
4.8
4.5
4.6
4.6
5.3
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.9
4.4
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.8
2.3
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.9
2.2
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.2
2.4
2.8
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.3
3.3
4.5
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.6
6.2
5.7
5.7
3.2
4.2
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.5
5.1
5.3
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.5
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.7
4.8
4.2
4.6
3.6
3.5
3.4
4.3
4.1
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.2
4.6
3.9
4.3
3.4
3.4
3.3
4.1
3.9
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.1
abulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
06) y Nicaragua (1998, 2009) se incluye a los asalariados del sector pblico. Adems, en los casos del
, la Repblica Dominicana y la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela se incluye -cuando se trata de los
o empleados. En los casos en que no se dispuso de informacin sobre el tamao de los establecimientos,
debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo

el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 22.1
INGRESO MEDIO DE LA POBLACIN ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONA
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
No profesionales ni tcnicos
Profesionales
y
tcnicos
Total
Argentina c/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
6.5
8.2
7.3
6.5
4.3
5.1
5.5
6.1
9.2
10.0
11.6
20.6
27.0
24.2
22.0
18.9
16.6
19.8
21.4
26.3
27.9
29.3
4.7
6.1
5.6
5.1
3.2
4.0
4.3
4.9
7.6
8.4
10.0
7.1
6.3
3.3
4.5
5.1
6.0
10.3
11.0
13.0
4.7
6.1
5.3
4.8
3.1
3.9
4.0
4.5
6.9
7.7
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.3
8.6
5.8
7.4
7.4
8.0
11.4
12.3
14.3
4.1
5.1
4.3
3.9
2.4
3.2
3.3
3.9
5.9
6.7
8.0
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 d/
1994 d/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
4.5
3.8
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.8
4.1
16.3
10.3
10.1
8.2
7.3
7.6
7.7
9.6
3.7
3.3
4.0
4.2
4.1
3.5
4.1
4.0
4.1
3.9
4.6
4.7
5.2
5.0
5.4
5.0
3.5
3.1
3.8
4.0
3.8
3.2
3.7
3.7
7.7
7.3
8.8
7.4
9.3
8.4
6.6
5.3
2.9
2.2
2.6
3.1
2.7
2.3
2.9
3.3
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
4.9
4.7
5.4
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.7
5.0
5.1
5.6
16.1
15.6
19.1
14.8
14.8
14.3
13.4
13.3
13.2
13.9
14.5
15.0
15.0
17.2
4.2
4.2
4.6
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.7
5.1
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.2
6.2
6.3
6.8
7.1
7.7
7.9
8.5
4.2
3.6
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.6
3.9
4.0
4.4
7.5
7.4
7.6
6.9
6.9
8.4
7.7
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.8
8.6
8.7
9.1
2.8
2.6
3.0
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.5
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
4.9
6.4
7.2
7.8
26.2
35.2
35.6
35.5
4.0
5.1
5.4
6.0
7.3
4.0
5.1
5.1
6.0
7.7
10.1
12.1
12.6
3.2
3.8
3.6
4.0
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
8.0
7.8
7.8
8.7
8.1
35.1
38.1
31.0
38.3
32.8
6.5
6.0
6.5
7.1
7.2
8.2
8.3
9.1
10.2
9.5
6.1
5.6
6.1
6.6
6.8
15.4
13.1
13.7
13.2
14.7
3.9
3.9
4.6
4.8
4.8
Colombia e/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.9
3.9
4.0
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.7
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.3
7.4
13.1
10.9
9.5
8.9
8.6
8.4
8.7
9.6
8.9
9.3
9.1
2.8
3.4
3.9
3.7
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.2
3.9
5.5
6.8
6.3
6.8
6.9
6.6
7.0
8.7
9.1
9.8
9.5
2.5
3.1
3.3
3.2
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.7
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.7
5.3
7.9
6.9
6.8
9.1
8.6
9.8
9.5
10.1
10.3
10.6
11.0
2.2
2.5
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.7
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.3
5.8
5.7
6.1
6.6
6.4
5.6
6.3
5.9
6.0
6.3
5.8
6.1
6.8
10.8
8.4
10.5
10.2
8.2
7.3
9.1
11.3
12.2
10.7
10.7
13.4
5.4
5.5
5.8
6.0
6.9
7.1
6.0
6.7
5.8
5.9
6.3
5.9
6.1
7.3
7.8
8.2
8.8
9.5
9.8
8.8
10.3
8.7
8.9
9.4
9.2
10.0
4.5
4.6
4.9
5.1
6.0
6.2
5.1
5.6
5.0
5.0
5.3
5.3
5.4
9.0
8.4
9.0
9.7
10.8
11.3
9.2
9.8
8.8
8.5
9.6
9.8
9.9
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.5
4.5
3.8
4.2
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.6
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.7
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.5
4.1
4.0
4.2
4.1
4.8
6.7
6.0
7.6
8.7
7.2
8.6
8.8
14.7
11.6
11.4
14.0
10.3
3.3
2.8
3.1
2.8
3.4
3.7
3.7
3.8
4.1
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.1
3.5
3.9
3.8
4.7
5.5
5.8
5.8
6.8
6.4
6.6
6.7
7.0
2.9
2.6
2.9
2.6
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.5
6.0
5.2
5.7
5.6
6.0
6.4
6.3
6.4
7.0
5.8
6.0
6.0
5.7
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.1
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
3.7
4.0
4.4
4.4
3.9
3.6
3.4
9.2
9.9
9.6
10.5
9.4
8.3
7.4
3.6
4.1
4.5
4.4
3.9
3.8
3.6
5.3
5.9
6.9
6.7
6.4
6.5
6.3
3.2
3.6
4.0
3.9
3.4
3.3
3.0
6.9
7.8
8.3
8.7
6.6
6.9
5.6
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.5
2.6
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
3.8
3.8
4.0
3.9
17.7
16.0
11.0
17.0
3.1
3.3
3.5
2.8
4.8
4.5
5.6
4.7
2.6
3.1
3.2
2.5
5.2
6.3
6.3
4.9
2.2
2.3
2.4
1.9
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
3.0
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.8
2.8
16.4
7.3
6.5
5.1
5.1
4.7
4.7
5.8
6.0
5.0
3.1
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.7
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.3
3.3
4.9
3.4
2.9
2.9
4.3
4.9
4.9
5.2
5.3
5.6
2.6
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.8
6.5
4.5
4.2
3.7
5.3
6.6
4.6
5.0
4.8
4.8
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
4.5
4.5
3.7
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.5
4.2
4.0
3.3
21.7
18.4
14.5
18.0
16.3
15.7
16.4
21.4
14.8
17.0
6.0
3.4
3.8
3.2
3.5
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.3
3.2
4.8
4.8
5.1
5.1
5.3
5.2
5.0
3.4
3.6
2.8
3.1
3.5
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.7
2.9
2.8
6.8
9.2
6.2
6.7
7.3
6.9
6.5
6.7
6.7
5.8
5.5
3.0
2.8
2.4
2.6
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.5
2.1
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
3.8
3.5
3.6
3.1
3.1
8.6
11.1
14.3
9.9
8.5
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.0
3.2
3.4
4.2
4.2
3.3
3.3
2.8
2.7
3.2
6.1
6.3
6.3
5.6
5.3
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.4
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.9
5.7
6.3
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.1
6.5
6.0
6.0
6.3
6.2
6.7
15.4
18.7
16.7
12.6
17.8
16.0
17.2
17.5
18.7
19.2
19.3
18.4
23.7
6.0
5.5
6.2
6.8
6.3
6.2
5.9
6.2
5.4
5.4
5.8
5.7
5.9
8.0
7.6
8.5
9.2
8.9
8.9
8.6
8.6
7.6
7.5
7.8
7.3
7.3
4.8
4.3
5.1
5.9
5.3
5.2
5.0
5.4
4.6
4.8
5.1
5.1
5.5
9.9
9.7
10.3
11.4
11.4
10.8
9.8
9.5
8.6
8.5
9.3
9.2
8.9
3.6
3.3
3.6
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.4
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.2
Paraguay
1990 f/
1994
1996
1999
2001
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.4
10.3
9.7
9.7
8.6
9.1
2.5
2.9
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.4
4.4
5.1
4.8
5.2
2.3
2.6
2.7
2.9
2.7
4.7
6.7
6.3
6.7
5.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.2
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.7
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.5
7.7
9.2
8.9
6.7
6.1
8.9
10.2
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.6
4.2
3.5
4.0
3.9
3.9
4.1
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.8
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.4
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.4
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.5
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.9
8.0
7.2
6.9
7.7
7.6
7.8
7.5
7.3
8.3
3.8
4.0
3.5
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.7
4.1
4.4
5.0
4.8
5.2
5.1
5.1
3.7
3.8
3.3
3.8
3.8
3.7
4.1
3.8
4.0
6.5
7.8
6.8
8.5
6.8
6.6
7.3
6.7
6.4
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.7
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.1
3.4
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.3
4.0
4.6
4.9
4.8
4.9
5.4
5.1
4.9
15.6
16.3
16.6
18.6
18.6
17.9
21.1
22.5
18.6
4.0
2.4
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.0
3.0
4.7
2.7
3.3
3.7
3.3
3.8
4.2
3.7
3.7
3.7
2.3
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.7
7.8
5.0
6.0
6.0
5.6
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.4
2.7
1.6
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.0
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.5
4.3
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.6
4.7
25.1
12.4
11.5
14.1
10.6
10.2
9.7
10.4
11.8
11.5
10.8
9.7
3.7
4.6
4.8
5.3
4.4
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.0
5.3
5.9
6.7
5.7
5.1
5.3
5.7
5.7
6.3
6.4
6.5
3.5
4.4
4.5
4.9
4.0
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.8
4.1
4.1
4.4
5.4
9.6
9.8
11.2
9.2
7.1
7.3
7.4
8.1
8.6
8.3
8.0
2.9
3.8
3.8
4.1
3.2
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.8
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
4.6
3.9
3.8
11.9
8.9
11.5
3.7
3.2
2.7
3.9
2.7
2.9
3.6
3.4
2.7
6.6
6.7
5.8
3.2
2.9
2.2
a/ En los casos de la Argentina (1990-1997), Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994 y 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004-2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluyen a los asa
casos del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador, Panam (hasta 2002), la Repblica Dominicana, el Uruguay (1990)
incluye -cuando se trata de los trabajadores no profesionales ni tcnicos- los establecimientos que tienen hasta cuatro empleados. En los casos en qu
de los establecimientos no se proveen cifras para el conjunto de las personas ocupadas en sectores de baja productividad.
b/ Incluye a los trabajadores por cuenta propia profesionales y tcnicos.
e/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarr
f/ rea Metropolitana de Asuncin.
Sin informacin.
A, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011

s de pobreza per cpita)
remunerados
Asalariados
Sector privado
En establecimientos
Empleo
En establecimientos
Total
No profe-
b/
sionales ni
tcnicos
domstico
de ms de cinco
de hasta cinco
personas
personas
4.5
5.6
4.9
4.6
2.9
3.4
3.6
4.2
6.3
7.1
8.5
3.2
4.1
3.4
2.9
1.8
2.5
2.7
3.0
4.8
5.4
6.4
2.5
2.9
2.6
2.1
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.6
2.5
2.8
3.4
8.4
10.6
9.2
7.8
5.1
6.9
7.0
7.8
11.4
12.5
14.3
7.7
8.9
7.0
6.0
4.0
5.3
5.6
6.2
9.6
10.5
12.3
3.1
2.3
2.8
3.9
3.0
2.6
3.1
3.5
2.7
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.4
1.9
2.5
3.0
1.5
1.0
1.1
2.0
2.1
1.4
1.9
2.6
4.8
3.2
3.1
2.8
2.6
2.3
2.4
3.4
4.5
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.4
2.2
2.3
3.4
2.8
2.7
3.1
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.7
2.0
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
3.0
1.0
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.1
4.3
4.2
5.5
4.2
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.6
4.1
4.2
4.1
5.2
3.9
3.7
4.8
3.7
3.6
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.3
3.4
3.3
4.3
3.6
4.1
4.0
4.4
2.2
2.7
2.7
2.9
1.8
2.3
2.2
2.4
5.7
6.6
8.7
8.9
5.3
5.1
6.6
6.7
4.3
4.2
5.0
5.2
5.1
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.4
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.9
3.0
7.6
8.1
9.2
10.4
9.7
5.4
6.0
6.9
7.9
6.9
2.2
2.5
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.9
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.5
1.2
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.7
3.6
3.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.9
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.4
3.1
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.3
4.3
4.4
4.8
4.8
5.1
5.1
4.4
4.8
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.2
4.3
2.7
3.1
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.4
2.7
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.6
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.1
2.1
4.2
4.9
4.2
4.8
4.0
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.2
3.9
3.9
4.5
3.9
4.4
3.4
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.9
2.6
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.5
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.4
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.5
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.7
2.6
2.2
3.0
2.6
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.1
2.9
2.9
3.1
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.8
2.4
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.9
2.6
3.0
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.8
2.8
2.1
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.6
2.6
3.0
3.2
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.2
2.2
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.3
1.6
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.3
4.0
2.9
3.1
3.7
3.7
2.4
2.8
3.4
2.8
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.7
2.7
1.4
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
2.0
2.1
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.3
3.0
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.0
2.5
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.2
5.8
4.6
3.1
3.7
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.7
4.0
3.9
2.6
5.4
4.1
2.8
3.3
3.9
4.0
3.7
4.0
3.4
3.4
2.4
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.4
1.9
1.7
1.7
2.1
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.9
4.5
2.8
2.7
2.2
2.8
3.8
2.7
2.5
2.1
2.7
4.3
3.9
4.2
5.0
4.9
5.0
4.9
5.3
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.7
4.7
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.5
2.3
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.8
1.3
1.3
1.4
2.1
1.6
1.8
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
3.5
4.5
4.8
3.9
4.6
5.1
5.1
5.7
6.2
5.7
5.9
6.1
7.0
3.2
4.4
4.3
3.6
4.1
4.5
4.5
5.1
5.6
5.2
5.1
5.2
6.1
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.7
2.7
1.4
1.8
2.3
2.1
1.7
0.8
1.3
1.1
1.6
1.5
3.9
2.9
3.0
2.5
2.2
3.7
2.6
2.8
2.2
1.8
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.8
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.7
2.3
2.6
3.8
3.7
3.3
3.5
4.0
3.8
4.2
3.9
4.2
2.3
2.3
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.8
1.6
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.2
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.3
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
3.6
5.1
6.1
6.5
6.2
6.3
6.9
6.3
6.3
3.4
4.7
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.9
5.4
5.7
3.0
4.0
4.6
4.8
3.8
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.5
2.3
2.9
2.4
2.7
2.3
1.8
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.3
2.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.0
1.7
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.3
3.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.3
2.9
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.0
3.8
3.9
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.4
3.6
3.4
2.5
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.0
4.8
4.3
4.7
4.6
3.9
4.3
y Nicaragua (1998) se incluyen a los asalariados del sector pblico. Adems, en los
epblica Dominicana, el Uruguay (1990) y la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela se
a cuatro empleados. En los casos en que no se dispuso de informacin sobre el tamao
e nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo
ara el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 22.2
INGRESO MEDIO DE LA POBLACIN ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 20
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
Sector privado
Empleo
a/
pblico
Total
Agricultura
Resto
domstico
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
2.8
1.6
2.5
1.9
2.3
2.8
10.5
3.9
4.1
3.3
5.4
5.1
3.5
3.5
3.6
2.3
2.6
3.8
3.7
4.2
4.2
3.7
3.1
4.0
3.5
3.2
3.4
1.8
2.5
3.7
3.2
3.0
3.3
1.5
2.3
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.4
2.0
2.5
3.7
2.4
2.0
1.9
0.8
2.0
2.4
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
2.7
3.2
3.3
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.8
9.3
12.5
13.5
12.5
10.6
10.8
12.7
10.7
10.1
11.0
10.9
11.5
11.8
13.7
2.3
2.4
2.8
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.6
2.9
4.0
3.8
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.8
4.5
4.5
4.8
2.3
2.3
2.7
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.0
3.4
1.6
2.0
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.7
2.6
3.2
3.0
2.9
3.2
2.9
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.2
3.3
3.6
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.1
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
5.9
5.4
5.3
6.0
6.2
6.8
8.1
8.2
8.4
43.9
32.3
30.4
32.9
42.9
41.2
52.1
29.7
33.8
3.8
4.3
3.9
4.4
4.8
5.1
6.0
6.5
6.8
6.2
7.9
8.7
9.8
10.6
11.5
3.8
4.3
3.8
4.4
4.5
4.9
5.7
6.1
6.4
3.3
3.6
3.3
3.8
4.2
4.1
4.9
5.2
5.4
4.9
5.5
4.6
5.3
5.1
6.2
7.0
7.2
7.2
2.3
3.1
2.7
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.7
3.5
4.3
Colombia c/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.6
2.8
2.9
3.2
2.8
2.8
2.5
2.6
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.2
10.8
5.8
7.0
5.6
5.1
4.1
3.4
4.0
5.4
4.5
4.9
4.8
3.0
2.8
3.2
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.6
4.0
4.2
4.5
4.6
0.8
0.9
5.0
6.4
10.6
8.7
7.4
8.5
9.3
10.3
11.7
11.7
3.1
2.9
3.0
3.7
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.3
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.6
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.2
3.6
3.7
4.1
4.2
2.9
2.9
2.7
3.9
4.0
3.5
3.4
3.5
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.6
0.8
0.9
1.4
1.8
2.9
2.6
2.4
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.8
2.9
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
5.6
6.2
5.9
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.0
9.9
11.7
9.3
11.3
9.0
7.7
7.4
5.3
5.5
5.6
6.0
7.3
7.5
6.5
8.4
8.4
9.4
10.2
11.9
12.6
10.0
4.7
5.0
5.0
5.4
6.6
6.7
5.9
4.2
4.8
4.3
4.5
7.2
7.4
6.6
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.9
6.3
6.3
5.6
1.8
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.8
2.5
Cuadro 22.2
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
Sector privado
Empleo
a/
pblico
Total
Agricultura
Resto
domstico
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.6
6.1
6.4
6.5
6.7
6.4
8.2
11.2
9.8
10.1
16.3
13.2
7.3
6.1
6.5
6.8
6.9
6.7
11.5
9.6
10.6
11.2
11.5
11.4
6.5
5.5
5.8
5.9
6.2
6.0
7.3
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
6.5
6.2
5.2
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.8
2.8
2.2
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.3
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.0
3.2
3.5
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.9
5.7
5.5
7.1
13.2
10.6
8.4
9.6
8.8
3.0
3.1
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.9
4.2
5.6
6.2
6.8
7.0
6.9
7.6
7.4
8.9
2.8
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.5
3.7
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.5
3.7
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.8
4.2
4.6
2.2
2.3
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.9
3.2
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
2.9
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.3
2.9
2.9
5.7
4.2
4.9
5.2
9.0
5.8
5.2
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.3
3.2
5.4
5.8
6.7
7.0
6.8
6.7
6.6
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
3.2
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
1.5
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.2
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.1
21.1
25.5
8.6
22.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
5.0
4.2
4.5
4.5
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.3
1.9
2.1
2.0
1.8
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.7
1.5
1.3
2.1
1.7
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
2.1
2.5
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.7
2.0
2.0
14.7
8.6
9.0
4.7
6.4
3.6
3.5
5.1
5.1
9.5
2.2
2.2
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
4.9
4.1
3.4
3.8
4.7
5.3
5.4
5.8
5.8
6.7
1.9
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.5
1.7
1.3
1.2
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
2.7
2.1
1.7
1.8
2.9
2.8
3.2
3.0
3.1
3.0
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.6
1.1
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.4
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
3.6
3.0
2.6
3.1
3.6
3.2
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.0
9.4
9.3
6.9
8.6
14.1
10.3
9.2
9.3
12.2
11.9
4.1
2.9
2.6
2.4
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.9
5.0
4.8
5.2
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.4
2.9
2.2
2.0
2.5
2.5
2.7
3.4
3.2
3.2
2.6
2.5
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.1
1.9
1.8
3.6
2.7
2.3
2.9
3.0
3.2
4.0
3.7
3.6
2.8
2.8
1.6
1.6
1.2
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.9
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.4
Cuadro 22.2
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
Sector privado
Empleo
a/
pblico
Total
Agricultura
Resto
domstico
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.9
3.2
4.8
8.8
4.6
11.7
17.6
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.5
3.1
3.0
3.4
3.3
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.4
3.1
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.6
3.3
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.8
2.7
3.3
2.4
2.7
3.1
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.7
14.6
11.3
12.4
17.9
12.5
17.8
15.4
11.6
15.6
4.8
5.2
5.2
5.1
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.8
5.1
8.7
9.2
8.8
9.0
8.4
9.0
8.5
7.7
7.9
3.8
4.1
4.3
4.1
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.5
3.2
3.5
3.8
3.2
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.2
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.4
4.8
4.8
4.8
5.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.2
1.9
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.3
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.0
2.5
2.8
2.8
3.3
3.2
3.0
3.1
3.5
14.0
10.2
13.9
6.2
17.3
12.2
8.0
11.5
14.7
3.0
3.0
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.2
5.3
5.3
3.5
4.2
4.1
4.7
4.3
4.3
4.4
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.1
2.1
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.8
2.6
2.9
3.1
2.5
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.1
2.8
3.1
1.8
2.0
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.3
2.1
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.6
4.3
3.3
2.7
2.2
4.4
4.4
3.7
4.7
5.3
2.9
2.7
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.2
4.3
4.7
4.0
3.7
4.7
4.4
4.0
4.0
4.8
2.5
2.4
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.6
3.0
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.3
3.2
3.2
2.5
2.7
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.3
3.6
2.2
2.2
2.1
1.7
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.4
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.0
4.1
3.7
4.2
4.1
4.0
10.3
8.6
14.2
11.6
12.2
8.6
7.4
13.4
15.7
2.9
2.0
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.3
3.5
2.2
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.7
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.7
1.9
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.2
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.8
2.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.2
1.5
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.3
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.0
5.5
5.4
5.8
5.7
11.2
14.3
13.8
13.0
11.1
4.0
4.5
4.7
5.1
5.3
5.8
6.2
6.5
7.3
8.0
3.8
4.4
4.5
4.8
5.0
3.8
4.5
4.7
4.9
5.1
3.7
4.1
4.1
4.8
4.8
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.7
Cuadro 22.2
Pas
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
Ao
1990
1994
1997
Total
4.4
3.7
3.2
Empleadores
9.5
7.1
9.5
Asalariados
Total
Sector
Sector privado
Empleo
a/
pblico
Total
Agricultura
Resto
domstico
3.4
2.9
2.0
4.3
4.3
2.5
3.2
2.6
2.0
2.6
2.2
1.8
4.0
3.1
2.7
1.6
1.3
1.1
a/ Incluye a los empleados domsticos. En los casos del Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994 y 1998), Colombia (1991 y 1994), Mxico (1989, 2004-2006) y Nicaragu
(1998) se incluye a los asalariados del sector pblico.
c/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados p
Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza
Sin informacin.
Cuadro 22.2
TIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011

espectivas lneas de pobreza per cpita)
remunerados
Total
b/
1.9
1.2
2.1
1.5
1.9
2.2
2.7
3.4
3.2
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.5
3.2
3.0
3.1
3.4
6.8
5.4
6.2
6.9
6.5
7.6
9.8
10.7
11.2
3.2
2.4
2.2
2.2
1.5
1.7
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.0
5.4
6.7
5.7
6.4
3.9
3.6
3.6
Cuadro 22.2

remunerados
Total
b/
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.1
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.7
2.8
2.2
2.2
3.8
3.1
2.8
2.6
1.9
2.4
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.7
1.7
4.2
2.9
2.3
2.8
3.1
2.7
3.2
3.2
2.7
2.7
2.4
Cuadro 22.2

remunerados
Total
b/
2.7
2.0
2.1
2.5
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.6
3.3
3.4
3.1
3.7
2.2
1.7
2.3
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.9
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.1
3.0
3.8
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.6
5.1
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.2
4.9
4.5
Cuadro 22.2

remunerados
Total
b/
4.6
4.0
3.7
ase de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
0, 1994 y 1998), Colombia (1991 y 1994), Mxico (1989, 2004-2006) y Nicaragua
eriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo
NP) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 21.1a
INGRESO MEDIO DE LA POBLACIN MASCULINA ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS URB
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales
y
tcnicos
En establecimientos
Total
de ms de cinco
personas
Argentina c/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
7.4
9.2
8.3
7.5
5.1
6.0
6.4
7.1
10.4
11.4
13.1
22.2
27.3
25.7
24.0
21.0
17.3
19.8
22.8
27.4
29.9
30.3
5.1
6.7
6.1
5.7
3.7
4.7
4.9
5.5
8.4
9.3
11.1
7.8
7.1
3.9
5.5
6.0
6.9
10.9
11.7
14.0
5.1
6.7
5.8
5.4
3.6
4.5
4.7
5.3
7.8
8.8
10.5
11.4
11.6
11.2
10.0
7.1
8.8
8.9
9.4
13.0
13.8
16.2
4.5
5.5
4.7
4.4
2.8
3.6
3.9
4.5
6.9
7.8
9.3
4.7
5.8
5.2
4.9
3.2
4.1
4.4
5.1
7.7
8.6
10.3
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 d/
1994 d/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
5.4
4.7
4.9
4.5
4.4
3.9
4.5
4.8
17.2
10.8
10.5
7.9
7.7
7.8
8.4
8.8
4.3
3.8
4.5
4.6
4.6
3.8
4.5
4.5
4.8
4.7
5.4
5.2
5.9
5.7
6.2
5.9
4.1
3.5
4.3
4.5
4.3
3.5
4.1
4.1
9.7
8.3
9.8
8.0
10.8
9.5
7.2
5.8
3.3
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
2.6
3.2
3.7
3.6
2.8
3.3
4.2
3.4
3.1
3.8
4.0
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
5.9
5.7
6.4
5.5
5.4
5.2
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.4
5.9
5.9
6.4
17.2
16.6
20.2
15.5
15.8
15.4
14.6
14.6
14.3
15.0
15.7
16.1
15.9
19.0
4.9
5.0
5.3
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.9
5.2
5.4
5.8
7.9
8.4
8.0
8.0
7.8
7.4
7.4
7.6
8.0
8.5
9.2
9.6
10.0
4.9
4.4
4.7
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.6
4.7
5.1
10.0
9.9
9.9
8.9
8.8
9.9
9.1
8.8
8.5
8.7
9.1
10.0
10.1
10.5
3.4
3.2
3.6
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.6
4.1
3.4
3.4
3.9
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.5
3.8
3.8
4.3
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
5.7
7.2
8.2
8.9
9.5
9.0
9.0
10.2
9.3
29.1
37.7
37.8
38.8
39.6
42.6
34.5
44.7
36.5
4.6
5.7
6.1
6.7
7.4
6.8
7.3
8.0
8.1
8.4
9.4
9.5
10.2
11.5
10.9
4.6
5.7
5.8
6.7
7.1
6.4
6.9
7.4
7.7
11.0
12.8
14.5
15.5
18.6
15.7
16.4
15.9
17.5
3.5
4.2
3.9
4.5
4.3
4.3
5.1
5.4
5.4
3.7
4.3
4.1
4.7
4.5
4.5
5.3
5.6
5.6
Colombia e/
1991
1994
1997
3.3
4.5
4.4
7.8
14.5
11.8
3.1
3.7
4.0
4.2
6.1
6.4
2.8
3.3
3.5
6.5
9.8
8.4
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.5
2.7
2.9
Cuadro 21.1a
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales
y
tcnicos
En establecimientos
Total
de ms de cinco
personas
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.8
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.8
4.6
4.8
4.8
10.2
9.3
9.1
8.6
9.1
10.2
9.5
9.9
9.6
4.0
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.4
5.3
5.2
5.6
5.5
7.1
7.3
7.3
7.1
7.5
9.2
9.6
10.6
9.7
3.4
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.1
7.9
10.4
10.0
11.6
11.0
11.5
11.5
11.8
12.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.5
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.9
6.5
6.2
6.9
7.3
7.1
6.2
6.9
6.6
6.9
7.0
6.3
6.6
7.0
11.9
8.9
11.2
10.2
8.5
7.9
10.3
12.4
13.7
11.7
11.1
15.1
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.5
7.5
7.6
6.5
7.2
6.4
6.4
6.7
6.4
6.5
7.9
8.2
8.7
9.5
10.3
10.7
9.7
11.4
9.3
9.5
9.8
9.7
10.2
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.8
6.9
6.9
5.8
6.2
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.9
9.9
9.6
9.7
10.7
11.7
12.6
10.1
10.5
10.1
9.6
10.4
10.2
10.6
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.1
5.0
4.2
4.7
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.0
4.6
4.7
5.0
5.1
5.5
5.3
4.6
5.1
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.3
4.4
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.5
4.2
4.1
4.2
4.4
5.1
4.6
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.9
7.2
6.3
8.2
9.6
7.9
9.2
9.8
15.8
13.0
12.5
15.2
11.3
3.7
3.1
3.3
3.0
3.7
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.4
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.6
3.8
4.1
4.2
5.3
6.4
6.2
6.5
7.2
6.8
7.3
7.4
7.4
3.3
2.9
3.1
2.8
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.9
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.7
8.1
6.7
6.9
6.9
7.4
7.9
7.8
7.6
8.6
6.9
7.3
7.3
6.6
2.8
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.1
2.6
2.9
2.6
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.6
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
4.4
4.6
4.9
5.0
4.4
3.9
3.7
10.3
10.5
10.0
11.7
11.1
9.1
8.1
3.9
4.3
4.8
4.6
4.1
3.8
3.6
5.5
5.9
6.9
6.8
6.1
6.1
6.4
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.2
3.7
3.4
3.2
7.6
8.5
9.2
9.3
7.3
7.9
6.1
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.2
3.1
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.8
3.7
3.4
3.0
3.1
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
4.3
4.7
4.9
18.6
17.5
12.4
3.3
3.7
3.9
4.8
4.9
6.2
2.9
3.5
3.6
6.2
7.7
7.6
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.7
3.1
3.0
Cuadro 21.1a
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales
y
tcnicos
En establecimientos
Total
de ms de cinco
personas
2006
4.7
19.3
3.1
5.4
2.8
6.0
2.1
2.5
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
3.6
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.1
3.1
3.0
20.3
7.8
7.1
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.1
6.3
7.1
5.6
3.4
2.5
2.2
2.3
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.3
5.1
3.8
3.3
3.1
4.9
5.2
5.3
5.6
5.5
5.9
3.0
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.9
2.9
2.9
7.3
5.2
5.3
4.1
6.1
7.1
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.2
2.5
1.8
1.6
1.8
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.9
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.8
2.8
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
5.2
5.3
4.4
5.0
5.2
5.0
4.9
5.4
5.0
4.7
3.7
23.3
19.6
15.6
19.0
16.9
16.1
17.8
25.0
16.4
19.1
7.0
3.8
4.3
3.6
3.9
4.2
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.1
3.7
3.5
5.4
5.2
5.8
5.4
5.7
5.7
5.4
3.8
4.0
3.2
3.5
4.0
3.6
3.9
4.0
4.1
3.3
3.2
7.7
11.2
7.4
8.0
8.8
8.2
7.9
8.1
8.1
6.6
6.2
3.2
3.1
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.3
2.8
2.4
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.4
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.2
2.8
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
4.2
4.0
4.1
3.6
3.4
9.4
12.0
14.2
10.9
8.8
3.6
3.6
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.9
5.3
5.2
3.5
3.6
3.0
2.8
3.3
7.5
7.9
7.1
6.1
6.1
2.8
2.6
2.3
2.3
2.5
3.2
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.5
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.5
6.5
7.1
7.0
7.0
7.0
6.9
7.2
6.8
6.7
6.9
6.9
7.5
16.0
20.5
18.1
13.5
18.0
17.3
18.1
18.7
19.7
20.7
18.3
19.4
23.1
6.8
6.2
6.9
7.4
6.8
6.7
6.5
6.7
5.8
5.8
6.1
6.0
6.4
8.7
8.6
9.6
10.2
10.0
10.2
9.8
9.7
8.4
8.3
8.7
8.3
8.2
5.6
5.0
5.8
6.5
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.9
5.0
5.1
5.5
5.4
5.9
10.9
10.9
11.4
12.2
13.1
12.3
11.2
11.3
9.6
9.1
10.3
10.1
10.0
4.1
3.7
4.0
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.5
5.0
4.3
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.7
4.4
4.0
4.3
5.1
4.9
5.1
5.0
5.4
4.6
4.7
4.9
4.8
4.9
Paraguay
1990 f/
1994
1996
1999
4.3
4.2
4.2
3.9
10.4
10.1
10.3
8.6
2.9
3.4
3.5
3.6
4.0
5.1
5.6
5.2
2.7
3.1
3.1
3.2
5.8
8.3
6.9
7.5
2.4
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.1
3.1
Cuadro 21.1a
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales
y
tcnicos
En establecimientos
Total
de ms de cinco
personas
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.0
3.1
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.6
4.0
9.4
8.3
10.7
8.7
6.7
6.2
9.2
10.7
3.5
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.9
3.1
3.3
5.6
3.9
4.8
3.8
4.4
4.0
4.3
4.3
3.1
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.1
6.7
5.0
5.3
5.4
4.8
5.0
5.0
5.1
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
3.0
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.3
4.1
3.7
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.6
4.4
4.7
8.5
8.2
7.4
8.0
7.8
7.9
8.1
7.8
9.0
4.3
4.4
3.8
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.9
4.7
4.8
4.6
5.4
4.6
5.0
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
4.2
4.1
3.7
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.7
4.5
4.6
7.5
8.4
7.8
10.7
8.2
8.3
8.7
8.2
7.5
3.5
3.1
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.4
3.8
3.6
3.9
4.2
3.9
3.5
3.7
4.2
4.1
4.5
4.2
4.6
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.8
4.7
5.4
5.8
5.7
5.7
6.4
5.9
5.9
17.1
17.4
18.2
19.8
19.5
19.0
22.7
24.5
19.5
4.3
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.3
3.2
4.9
2.9
3.4
3.8
3.4
4.4
4.8
3.6
3.9
4.2
2.6
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.1
8.5
5.8
6.4
7.2
6.6
5.8
6.1
6.0
6.3
3.1
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.5
2.3
3.3
1.9
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.5
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.3
5.9
5.9
6.3
4.9
4.3
4.3
4.6
5.0
5.3
5.3
5.4
28.7
13.2
12.3
14.9
11.0
11.1
10.7
11.6
12.9
12.4
12.0
10.7
4.3
5.5
5.6
6.2
5.1
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.3
5.3
5.5
4.4
6.0
6.6
7.5
6.3
5.6
5.8
6.3
6.2
6.7
7.0
6.9
4.3
5.4
5.3
5.8
4.7
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.5
4.9
4.9
5.1
6.9
12.6
12.9
14.6
11.8
9.0
8.8
8.9
9.9
10.5
9.7
9.4
3.5
4.6
4.5
4.8
3.7
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.7
4.1
4.2
4.5
3.8
5.0
5.0
5.3
4.1
3.6
3.6
3.8
4.1
4.5
4.7
5.0
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
5.2
4.3
4.3
12.0
9.1
11.8
4.1
3.5
2.9
4.4
3.1
3.2
4.0
3.6
2.8
7.6
7.6
6.7
3.5
3.1
2.3
3.7
3.4
2.6
a/ En los casos de la Argentina (1990-1997), el Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994 y 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004-2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluyen a los asalariad
Cuadro 21.1a
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales
y
tcnicos
En establecimientos
Total
de ms de cinco
personas
b/
c/
d/
e/
Adems, en los casos del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador, Panam (hasta 2002), la Repblica Dominicana, el Uruguay
Bolivariana de Venezuela se incluye -cuando se trata de los trabajadores no profesionales ni tcnicos- los establecimientos que tienen hasta cuatro empleados
no se dispuso de informacin sobre el tamao de los establecimientos no se proveen cifras para el conjunto de las personas ocupadas en sectores de baja pro
Incluye a los trabajadores por cuenta propia profesionales y tcnicos.
Gran Buenos Aires.
A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados p
dro 21.1a

vas lneas de pobreza per cpita)
remunerados
Asalariados
Sector privado
Empleo
En establecimientos
Total
No profe-
b/
sionales ni
tcnicos
domstico
de hasta cinco
personas
3.8
4.7
3.8
3.5
2.1
2.7
2.8
3.2
5.1
5.7
6.8
4.4
4.1
2.7
2.7
1.0
2.4
1.6
1.2
3.0
3.7
3.8
9.6
11.7
10.6
8.9
5.7
7.7
7.7
8.6
12.7
13.6
15.6
9.0
10.1
8.2
6.9
4.5
6.0
6.3
7.0
10.9
11.9
13.7
2.8
2.2
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.1
2.7
3.4
2.3
1.8
1.9
2.3
2.8
1.4
2.2
2.3
6.1
4.4
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.0
3.1
4.4
5.7
4.0
3.6
3.5
3.1
2.8
3.0
4.4
2.1
2.7
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.7
3.1
1.4
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.9
5.5
4.9
6.2
4.8
4.7
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.0
4.2
4.8
4.9
4.8
5.9
4.9
4.4
5.6
4.2
4.1
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.8
4.0
3.9
4.9
2.6
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.8
4.0
4.1
2.1
2.6
2.7
3.4
3.0
3.8
3.7
3.5
4.3
6.2
6.9
9.6
9.8
8.5
9.3
10.6
12.4
11.1
5.7
5.6
7.5
7.4
6.1
6.8
8.1
9.3
8.2
1.5
1.8
1.7
3.1
4.2
4.0
2.8
3.6
3.5
dro 21.1a

remunerados
Asalariados
Sector privado
Empleo
En establecimientos
Total
No profe-
b/
sionales ni
tcnicos
domstico
de hasta cinco
personas
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
3.0
3.5
3.4
2.9
3.3
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.4
3.2
3.3
3.3
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
3.4
4.0
3.5
3.8
3.9
4.0
3.3
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.3
2.9
1.5
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.9
3.0
2.0
3.1
2.8
3.3
2.7
1.8
2.1
4.9
5.7
5.2
6.0
4.8
4.1
4.3
4.1
4.7
5.0
5.2
5.0
4.6
4.6
5.4
4.8
5.6
4.3
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.7
2.4
2.0
1.8
1.7
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.6
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.7
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.4
2.1
3.0
2.1
2.0
2.9
2.7
3.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
3.2
3.0
2.6
3.6
3.1
3.5
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.9
2.6
3.0
2.9
2.4
3.4
3.0
3.1
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.2
3.7
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.0
2.1
1.7
2.8
2.9
2.4
2.8
2.5
2.4
3.6
3.4
3.8
4.5
3.6
2.7
2.6
3.4
3.2
3.4
3.9
3.5
2.4
2.5
1.8
2.2
1.8
2.8
1.5
1.7
4.9
4.0
4.2
4.5
3.3
3.6
dro 21.1a

remunerados
Asalariados
Sector privado
Empleo
En establecimientos
Total
No profe-
b/
sionales ni
tcnicos
domstico
de hasta cinco
personas
1.5
0.6
5.0
4.4
1.7
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.8
/
0.9
0.9
1.2
1.4
1.9
2.0
2.3
1.7
2.8
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.5
1.9
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.6
2.4
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.0
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.7
1.7
1.3
7.3
5.9
3.9
4.7
5.9
5.8
6.3
6.4
5.5
5.2
3.5
6.8
5.3
3.6
4.2
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.7
4.8
4.7
3.2
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.3
4.2
/
2.2
1.3
5.2
3.3
3.4
2.7
3.3
4.2
3.3
3.0
2.5
3.2
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.4
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.5
1.5
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.1
2.5
2.4
2.9
2.0
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.8
4.9
5.5
4.5
5.4
6.0
5.9
6.5
7.3
6.9
7.1
7.2
7.9
3.5
4.8
4.9
4.1
4.7
5.4
5.4
6.1
6.8
6.5
6.4
6.4
7.1
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.1
/
2.2
1.9
1.8
4.9
3.4
3.6
3.0
4.7
3.1
3.4
2.6
dro 21.1a

remunerados
Asalariados
Sector privado
Empleo
En establecimientos
Total
No profe-
b/
sionales ni
tcnicos
domstico
de hasta cinco
personas
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.3
1.9
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.5
1.8
2.6
2.5
2.9
2.6
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
3.1
3.7
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.9
3.3
2.5
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.7
3.2
2.3
2.1
3.2
2.6
2.5
3.0
2.6
2.8
3.0
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.3
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.1
2.2
1.5
1.6
1.6
2.0
1.6
2.2
1.7
1.6
2.6
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
2.3
1.4
1.8
4.0
5.5
6.5
7.1
6.8
6.6
7.2
6.6
7.3
3.7
5.2
6.0
6.4
6.2
6.0
6.4
5.9
6.7
2.6
3.1
3.1
3.3
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.0
1.5
3.0
1.9
2.8
2.8
2.3
1.4
2.3
2.7
2.9
3.0
3.5
4.1
5.2
4.9
4.9
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.7
4.7
4.3
4.3
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.5
2.0
1.8
2.8
1.4
1.2
5.4
4.8
5.3
5.2
4.5
5.0
ones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
1989, 2004-2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluyen a los asalariados del sector pblico.
dro 21.1a

remunerados
Asalariados
Sector privado
Empleo
En establecimientos
Total
No profe-
b/
sionales ni
tcnicos
domstico
de hasta cinco
personas
dor, Panam (hasta 2002), la Repblica Dominicana, el Uruguay (1990) y la Repblica

cnicos- los establecimientos que tienen hasta cuatro empleados. En los casos en que
ra el conjunto de las personas ocupadas en sectores de baja productividad.
a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo

o de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 21.1b
INGRESO MEDIO DE LA POBLACIN FEMENINA ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZON
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales
y
tcnicos
En establecimientos
Total
de ms de cinco
personas
Argentina c/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
4.8
6.4
5.7
4.9
3.1
3.9
4.2
4.7
7.5
8.2
9.5
13.6
25.9
19.6
15.0
12.7
14.3
19.5
16.9
23.4
22.5
26.2
3.9
5.0
4.8
4.4
2.6
3.3
3.4
4.0
6.6
7.3
8.5
6.4
5.5
2.8
3.8
4.3
5.3
9.7
10.4
12.2
3.9
5.0
4.3
4.0
2.4
3.0
3.0
3.5
5.5
6.2
7.2
6.6
7.2
7.0
7.0
4.3
5.5
5.5
6.2
9.7
10.5
12.1
3.5
4.2
3.5
3.1
1.9
2.5
2.5
3.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
4.0
4.9
4.1
4.0
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.0
4.6
5.1
6.1
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 d/
1994 d/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
3.2
2.6
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.8
3.3
10.7
8.4
8.1
9.3
5.9
6.5
6.0
11.5
2.6
2.3
3.1
3.3
3.2
2.9
3.3
3.3
2.9
2.7
3.6
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.2
2.4
2.2
2.9
3.0
2.8
2.5
2.9
3.0
4.1
5.3
6.8
5.8
6.3
6.5
5.4
4.5
2.2
1.5
1.8
2.3
2.2
1.8
2.2
2.5
2.2
1.5
1.8
3.0
2.2
1.9
2.4
2.7
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
3.3
3.2
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.0
4.5
11.1
11.1
15.4
12.4
11.7
11.3
10.2
9.9
10.3
11.3
11.5
12.2
12.6
12.9
3.2
3.0
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.4
4.9
5.7
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.8
6.0
6.5
6.7
7.3
3.2
2.4
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.1
3.6
5.3
4.6
5.3
5.0
5.0
6.4
5.9
5.7
5.9
5.7
6.1
6.8
6.7
7.2
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.9
1.8
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.9
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.9
1.8
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.9
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
3.5
4.9
5.5
5.9
5.6
5.8
6.1
6.5
6.6
14.8
27.3
29.3
26.4
18.9
26.4
22.6
21.9
25.9
3.1
4.0
4.3
4.9
5.1
4.9
5.4
5.9
6.0
5.9
6.7
7.0
7.8
9.0
8.1
3.1
4.0
4.0
4.9
4.7
4.5
4.9
5.2
5.5
4.5
6.7
8.1
9.3
10.4
9.5
10.4
9.7
11.1
2.6
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.2
3.6
3.7
3.9
3.8
3.7
4.2
4.3
4.3
Colombia e/
1991
1994
1997
2.3
3.1
3.5
5.9
8.4
8.4
2.4
3.0
3.7
3.5
4.8
7.3
2.1
2.8
3.0
3.9
5.9
5.2
1.9
2.4
2.7
1.9
2.4
2.7
Cuadro 21.1b
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales
y
tcnicos
En establecimientos
Total
de ms de cinco
personas
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.7
7.7
7.5
7.4
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.4
7.6
7.8
3.3
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.8
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.7
5.5
6.4
6.4
6.1
6.5
8.2
8.6
9.0
9.3
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.9
3.9
4.1
4.2
5.7
7.7
6.9
7.7
7.7
8.6
8.8
9.1
9.8
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.3
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.1
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.2
4.5
4.8
4.9
5.5
5.4
4.6
5.2
4.7
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.3
5.4
6.9
6.2
7.9
10.0
6.8
5.4
5.3
7.6
7.8
7.4
9.0
8.2
4.5
4.6
5.3
5.1
5.8
6.2
5.2
6.0
5.0
5.1
5.8
5.4
5.6
6.5
7.1
7.7
8.0
8.7
8.9
8.0
9.2
8.0
8.4
9.0
8.7
9.8
3.3
3.5
3.9
3.9
4.5
4.9
4.0
4.6
3.9
3.9
4.4
4.7
4.8
6.5
6.1
7.6
7.7
8.7
8.6
7.3
8.6
6.8
6.6
8.2
9.1
8.9
3.0
3.1
3.4
3.3
3.5
3.8
3.0
3.4
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.7
3.7
4.2
4.1
4.2
4.6
3.9
4.3
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.9
4.0
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.2
3.5
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
4.5
4.8
5.2
5.3
6.0
5.0
6.9
6.3
11.4
6.9
8.4
10.1
7.2
2.5
2.3
2.7
2.5
2.9
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.8
4.1
3.4
3.1
3.6
3.2
3.9
4.5
5.3
5.1
6.1
5.8
5.7
5.9
6.6
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.1
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.2
4.2
4.3
4.1
4.6
4.7
5.0
5.4
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.8
1.8
1.9
2.1
1.8
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.7
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.9
3.2
3.2
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
2.8
3.3
3.7
3.7
3.3
3.2
3.1
6.0
8.2
8.8
7.8
6.0
6.5
6.2
3.1
3.8
4.2
4.2
3.7
3.7
3.5
4.9
6.0
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.9
6.2
2.5
3.2
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.8
5.8
6.7
6.9
7.8
5.5
5.6
5.0
2.0
2.5
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.1
2.7
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.5
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2.9
2.6
2.7
14.4
11.6
5.6
2.7
2.6
2.8
5.0
3.9
4.9
2.0
2.4
2.5
3.5
4.3
4.4
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.4
Cuadro 21.1b
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales
y
tcnicos
En establecimientos
Total
de ms de cinco
personas
2006
2.7
10.5
2.3
3.8
2.0
3.4
1.6
2.0
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
2.1
1.8
1.6
1.6
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.5
4.3
5.1
4.6
3.8
4.5
4.0
3.6
4.4
3.6
3.7
2.6
1.8
1.7
1.8
2.5
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.3
4.7
2.9
2.5
2.7
3.9
4.7
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.4
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.1
2.5
2.3
2.5
2.6
2.6
4.8
3.3
2.9
3.1
4.4
6.1
4.0
4.5
4.4
4.4
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.5
1.7
1.6
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.5
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
2.9
3.0
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.6
9.9
11.0
9.0
12.8
13.1
14.1
10.7
10.0
9.5
9.8
4.1
2.7
2.9
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.7
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.5
2.7
2.5
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.1
2.3
2.2
4.6
5.2
4.0
4.3
3.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
4.7
4.4
2.5
2.1
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.4
1.9
1.6
2.5
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.4
2.0
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
3.2
2.6
2.8
2.5
2.7
6.8
6.0
14.8
7.4
7.4
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
3.0
2.9
3.2
3.4
2.8
2.8
2.5
2.5
3.0
4.4
4.7
5.2
5.0
4.6
2.3
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.3
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
5.3
5.1
5.1
5.4
4.9
5.0
5.4
5.2
5.7
13.4
11.8
10.5
9.1
16.9
9.9
13.8
12.6
15.1
14.8
22.5
15.0
25.2
5.2
4.5
5.2
5.9
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.5
4.9
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.3
7.3
6.4
7.3
8.0
7.7
7.5
7.4
7.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.5
6.5
3.7
3.4
4.1
5.1
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.7
4.2
4.3
4.6
4.7
4.8
8.2
7.4
8.5
10.0
9.3
9.3
8.3
8.0
7.6
7.9
8.2
8.3
7.8
3.0
2.8
3.1
3.9
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.5
4.2
3.9
4.1
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.7
5.0
4.4
4.3
4.6
4.5
4.2
Paraguay
1990 f/
1994
1996
1999
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.8
9.0
8.6
7.5
8.9
1.8
2.2
2.6
2.9
2.4
3.4
4.6
4.3
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.5
3.4
4.3
5.3
5.5
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.5
2.5
1.7
2.1
Cuadro 21.1b
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales
y
tcnicos
En establecimientos
Total
de ms de cinco
personas
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.6
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.7
8.3
6.0
5.0
9.5
6.9
5.7
8.1
8.6
2.8
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.6
4.8
3.4
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.7
3.5
3.8
2.3
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.3
4.3
4.6
3.9
3.5
3.8
4.1
3.9
3.6
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.8
2.7
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.8
2.7
2.9
2.7
2.9
5.1
3.4
5.2
6.6
7.0
7.5
6.2
5.9
6.5
3.1
3.4
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.0
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.5
4.3
4.0
4.4
4.3
4.3
3.0
3.4
2.7
3.0
3.1
2.8
3.3
2.9
3.1
5.2
6.8
5.2
5.7
4.9
4.3
5.5
4.7
5.0
2.4
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.6
2.4
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.3
2.8
2.9
3.6
3.2
3.5
3.1
3.3
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.5
2.8
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.9
4.1
3.4
11.0
13.1
11.3
15.3
15.0
13.3
16.4
18.4
16.4
3.5
2.0
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.7
2.7
2.7
4.4
2.5
3.2
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.2
1.9
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
7.0
4.1
5.6
4.8
4.6
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
2.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.6
2.2
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.8
3.6
3.8
4.3
3.5
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.6
3.7
3.9
7.0
9.9
8.3
11.5
9.2
7.4
6.7
7.2
8.8
9.4
7.7
7.4
2.8
3.5
3.8
4.2
3.6
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.8
3.9
4.1
3.4
4.4
5.0
5.6
5.0
4.5
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.8
5.9
6.0
2.5
3.1
3.4
3.8
3.1
2.5
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.9
6.4
6.7
8.0
6.5
5.0
5.6
5.7
6.0
6.4
6.7
6.6
1.9
2.7
2.9
3.1
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.5
2.7
2.7
3.0
1.9
2.8
3.7
3.9
3.4
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.6
3.7
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
3.4
3.0
2.9
10.8
7.5
9.4
3.2
2.9
2.4
3.5
2.3
2.6
3.0
3.2
2.3
4.9
5.6
4.5
2.7
2.6
1.9
3.2
3.2
2.2
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos p
a/ En los casos de la Argentina (1990-1997), Brasil (1990), Chile (1990, 1994 y 1998), Mxico (1989, 2004-2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluyen a los asalariad
casos del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador, Panam (hasta 2002), Repblica Dominicana, el Uruguay (1990) y la Rep
Cuadro 21.1b
Pas
Ao
Total
Empleadores
Asalariados
Total
Sector
pblico
Sector privado
Total
a/
Profesionales
y
tcnicos
En establecimientos
Total
de ms de cinco
personas
-cuando se trata de los trabajadores no profesionales ni tcnicos- los establecimientos que tienen hasta cuatro empleados. En los casos en que no se dispu
los establecimientos no se proveen cifras para el conjunto de las personas ocupadas en sectores de baja productividad.
c/ Gran Buenos Aires.
e/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollado
Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobre
Sin informacin.
Cuadro 21.1b
ICAMENTE ACTIVA OCUPADA, SEGN INSERCIN LABORAL, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011
s de las respectivas lneas de pobreza per cpita)
remunerados
Asalariados
Sector privado
Total
Empleo
En establecimientos
b/
domstico
de hasta cinco
personas
2.6
3.4
2.9
2.5
1.5
2.2
2.4
2.7
4.2
4.8
5.7
2.0
2.8
2.5
2.1
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.6
2.5
2.8
3.4
6.3
8.5
6.8
5.8
3.9
5.4
5.7
6.3
9.1
10.2
11.7
2.3
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.1
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.9
2.0
1.4
1.9
2.6
3.6
2.3
2.5
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.8
2.5
1.7
2.1
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.8
1.0
1.1
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.0
2.6
2.8
3.8
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.9
1.9
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.1
1.8
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.9
3.0
4.6
6.0
6.8
7.0
6.1
5.9
6.9
7.2
7.6
1.2
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.5
2.5
Cuadro 21.1b
remunerados
Asalariados
Sector privado
Total
Empleo
En establecimientos
b/
domstico
de hasta cinco
personas
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.7
2.9
2.1
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.3
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.7
2.0
2.2
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.6
3.2
2.5
3.0
2.9
2.3
2.1
1.9
2.3
2.5
2.8
2.7
2.7
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.1
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.5
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
1.7
2.0
2.0
1.6
2.2
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.0
2.2
2.0
1.5
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.8
0.9
1.9
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.2
2.2
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.7
2.8
1.9
2.2
Cuadro 21.1b
remunerados
Asalariados
Sector privado
Total
Empleo
En establecimientos
b/
domstico
de hasta cinco
personas
1.3
1.3
2.6
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
2.9
2.6
1.8
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.3
1.7
2.3
1.6
1.6
1.6
2.1
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.9
3.8
2.3
2.1
1.8
2.3
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.3
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.3
1.3
1.2
1.4
2.1
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.6
3.0
3.3
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.2
4.0
3.9
3.7
4.1
4.1
5.0
1.0
1.4
2.1
2.2
0.8
1.2
1.1
1.6
3.0
2.3
2.3
2.1
Cuadro 21.1b
remunerados
Asalariados
Sector privado
Total
Empleo
En establecimientos
b/
domstico
de hasta cinco
personas
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.1
2.4
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.4
2.9
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.3
1.7
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.9
2.2
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
2.7
3.7
4.8
4.8
4.7
5.4
5.9
5.7
4.0
1.7
2.4
2.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.4
3.2
3.4
3.6
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.0
3.4
3.1
3.6
tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
xico (1989, 2004-2006) y Nicaragua (1998) se incluyen a los asalariados del sector pblico. Adems, en los
nam (hasta 2002), Repblica Dominicana, el Uruguay (1990) y la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela se incluye
Cuadro 21.1b
remunerados
Asalariados
Sector privado
Total
Empleo
En establecimientos
b/
domstico
de hasta cinco
personas
os que tienen hasta cuatro empleados. En los casos en que no se dispuso de informacin sobre el tamao de
s debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo

el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 23
INGRESO MEDIO DE LAS MUJERES, COMPARADO CON EL DE LOS HOMBRES, SEGN GRUPOS DE EDAD, TOTAL N
(En porcentajes)
Disparidad de los ingresos laborales
Pas
por grupos de edad a/
Ao
Total
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 44 aos
45 a 54 aos
55 aos y ms
Bolivia
1997
68
62
73
79
57
51
(Estado
1999
71
72
73
60
79
73
Plurinacional de)
2002
71
84
73
67
67
63
2004
68
73
74
61
72
60
2007
68
86
73
58
74
56
2011
74
72
73
70
77
79
1990
59
76
68
57
51
41
1993
59
76
68
56
46
53
1996
66
79
71
66
55
59
1999
69
82
75
67
61
63
2001
70
86
77
67
63
60
2002
70
86
80
68
61
61
2003
70
88
79
66
62
57
2004
70
85
77
68
62
61
2005
71
87
77
69
65
63
2006
71
85
79
70
65
60
2007
71
87
80
70
65
59
2008
71
84
78
70
66
62
2009
71
85
77
69
67
64
2011
74
85
81
71
70
65
1990
64
89
73
63
59
53
1994
72
85
89
74
60
59
1996
70
90
86
62
68
61
1998
70
92
79
71
64
60
2000
62
89
79
61
52
57
2003
66
90
81
66
58
58
2006
70
90
79
67
66
62
2009
66
86
82
64
65
52
2011
73
83
77
72
69
69
1991
62
80
74
59
49
39
1994
73
98
81
74
57
49
1997
85
90
97
89
65
63
1999
78
95
90
73
70
59
2002
86
109
92
80
82
71
2003
83
106
86
82
76
62
2004
84
104
94
78
75
65
2005
86
103
94
81
80
65
2008
84
100
91
82
77
67
2009
85
98
91
80
79
71
Brasil
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
2010
82
101
90
78
74
65
2011
83
96
90
79
75
71
1990
77
84
79
75
65
60
1994
71
82
78
66
63
56
1997
79
95
77
76
75
55
1999
74
88
79
70
67
65
2002
79
86
81
74
74
75
2004
81
95
79
77
81
65
2005
75
84
82
70
73
54
2006
78
89
85
69
75
65
2007
72
87
79
67
65
56
2008
73
93
83
63
69
57
2009
79
91
83
76
75
63
2010
81
89
87
74
75
80
2011
81
86
88
76
76
81
2004
69
98
74
64
60
60
2005
76
93
84
72
65
66
2006
75
102
80
68
71
64
2007
70
93
80
68
63
56
2008
74
91
81
68
68
68
2009
74
92
76
76
67
67
2010
78
97
84
74
73
73
2011
78
102
84
76
73
66
1995
71
82
75
64
61
58
1997
82
103
80
77
70
70
1999
88
95
88
80
79
85
2001
83
96
86
79
72
66
2004
86
93
83
82
88
71
2009
91
103
91
85
79
91
2010
93
102
98
82
92
87
1989
81
90
88
81
84
68
1998
55
84
69
52
43
30
2002
60
80
60
59
48
48
2006
66
90
70
63
57
55
1990
74
90
86
66
65
54
1994
70
86
79
71
53
53
1997
67
85
80
62
52
47
1999
76
92
74
78
60
59
2002
93
112
93
85
83
73
2003
104
125
100
93
104
82
2006
103
131
99
97
90
91
2007
97
118
96
89
89
74
2009
92
123
96
84
76
70
2010
95
130
95
89
75
77
Mxico
1989
60
81
68
56
46
50
1994
59
81
68
57
46
45
1996
60
84
63
62
47
49
1998
59
86
72
53
55
42
2000
60
82
74
56
45
59
2002
64
82
67
63
62
39
2004
65
90
74
62
61
44
2005
61
86
71
56
53
49
2006
63
82
68
58
58
53
2008
65
83
72
70
51
53
2010
74
84
76
72
68
67
1993
97
120
100
79
86
104
1998
78
99
83
72
58
61
2001
82
97
92
80
44
115
2005
78
93
80
87
53
64
2009
86
97
81
81
80
90
2002
89
97
96
86
81
74
2004
83
89
91
75
81
67
2005
82
98
85
75
79
75
2006
82
91
86
79
79
69
2007
80
94
80
75
82
65
2008
83
91
87
82
75
70
2009
85
93
91
83
79
73
2010
84
94
86
83
72
84
2011
86
97
91
80
82
76
1999
73
97
85
69
71
45
2001
70
100
74
64
52
73
2004
65
89
70
67
51
47
2005
64
94
80
70
46
40
2007
63
82
71
56
66
43
2008
70
86
76
67
66
55
2009
70
83
83
66
66
51
2010
70
95
76
72
71
42
2011
68
80
66
63
87
47
1997
65
88
73
63
51
42
1999
70
108
88
71
48
35
2001
74
98
82
67
64
59
2003
69
107
77
66
57
50
2007
70
91
79
70
65
49
2008
65
79
76
60
60
51
2009
66
77
69
67
66
51
2010
63
80
63
62
56
56
2011
65
76
68
61
64
57
Repblica
2002
78
92
77
76
72
69
Dominicana
2004
65
65
64
64
50
90
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per
2005
68
71
73
69
57
62
2006
65
62
67
65
57
71
2007
63
81
63
61
52
70
2008
66
74
73
58
62
66
2009
67
67
69
70
53
68
2010
73
79
74
59
85
71
2011
65
74
57
60
77
52
2007
69
83
76
68
68
59
2008
68
83
76
67
65
58
2009
69
82
77
68
65
57
2010
71
80
77
69
67
62
2011
73
84
77
71
67
67
Venezuela
1990
69
84
74
67
60
53
(Repblica
1994
71
95
77
66
57
60
Bolivariana de)
1997
70
86
78
63
61
57
1999
74
93
77
71
66
58
2002
77
87
82
75
71
60
2004
78
91
80
75
72
67
2005
77
89
79
78
72
57
2006
79
86
85
74
75
70
2007
81
91
85
79
74
71
2008
81
88
83
78
75
71
2009
83
91
88
77
79
74
2010
82
94
86
80
76
72
2011
83
93
87
82
75
73
Uruguay
a/ Se refiere a las diferencias de ingreso en el total de la poblacin ocupada. Esta diferencia se calcula como el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mu
b/ Se refiere a las diferencias de ingreso total entre los asalariados. Esta diferencia se calcula como el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sob
S, SEGN GRUPOS DE EDAD, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 2011
Disparidad salarial
por grupos de edad b/
Total
20 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 44 aos
45 a 49 aos
79
65
81
96
85
83
87
94
81
80
76
82
88
73
61
83
79
97
65
112
80
90
86
74
70
84
80
92
76
86
71
78
77
67
65
68
80
77
64
54
76
81
80
73
66
80
86
84
76
72
80
89
84
73
75
82
90
88
75
74
81
91
87
73
74
81
88
85
77
72
83
92
85
78
76
84
90
87
79
76
83
90
87
77
75
82
87
86
78
77
81
88
83
79
74
84
88
87
78
81
75
92
82
70
62
78
90
84
72
72
76
97
88
67
67
80
95
86
78
66
78
96
86
74
68
83
101
90
77
75
83
96
92
76
74
81
103
88
74
74
82
85
87
82
68
82
84
84
81
79
93
101
97
93
79
109
93
116
118
76
91
98
99
83
84
100
106
106
92
99
96
104
98
96
92
96
103
103
91
87
96
104
102
90
91
99
101
101
98
93
195
195
203
191
176
95
103
101
93
79
99
101
101
95
94
87
93
89
81
93
86
88
91
80
77
95
102
92
93
101
89
92
91
87
88
87
92
87
84
85
93
97
90
87
103
90
93
96
83
87
92
93
98
82
100
89
93
95
86
80
91
99
94
87
79
95
99
94
98
80
95
97
99
93
86
97
95
103
93
89
87
100
90
81
84
93
94
97
96
73
93
103
95
85
97
93
96
96
91
90
93
94
97
90
93
92
97
87
92
94
94
100
95
88
96
101
113
101
102
88
76
86
76
69
75
94
104
89
91
99
93
90
100
89
81
95
94
99
86
102
94
87
96
93
110
98
101
94
101
101
100
102
102
92
106
100
110
106
100
75
97
107
103
87
110
102
107
116
87
89
95
107
92
88
115
94
96
100
85
134
87
85
93
91
74
86
89
89
86
76
89
94
86
91
92
117
118
118
115
137
130
126
125
141
130
118
117
117
124
126
119
118
114
123
132
132
130
125
135
145
127
125
123
124
143
84
95
89
78
86
100
89
96
72
55
84
90
85
78
117
84
96
89
83
77
80
90
102
71
52
88
90
90
87
89
86
95
91
80
95
83
92
88
75
90
83
90
90
77
82
85
90
90
85
72
85
94
91
84
73
88
92
103
69
75
86
101
81
83
76
89
95
97
80
78
98
100
86
100
107
97
96
89
103
102
100
104
104
93
95
100
100
107
89
96
96
100
102
86
93
97
96
96
91
101
97
100
101
90
95
101
99
97
98
101
95
99
98
90
87
96
95
99
97
85
94
97
100
88
87
88
102
98
80
78
87
101
98
88
64
90
91
80
110
101
86
92
93
85
79
80
98
77
80
68
82
87
87
75
91
83
81
87
79
93
88
92
95
79
86
88
89
94
73
110
94
104
96
103
85
99
95
124
104
64
86
100
93
79
73
83
108
86
90
61
85
96
87
96
66
74
82
80
68
70
84
86
85
89
75
75
84
81
72
68
77
83
83
73
66
90
95
83
92
87
81
87
81
77
74
90
83
104
79
80
84
89
76
89
79
86
89
88
83
79
76
85
86
63
80
82
77
83
83
62
86
90
96
70
100
92
92
88
92
81
85
86
86
83
83
83
87
85
81
78
83
88
85
81
79
83
80
87
81
78
84
88
86
81
75
83
91
86
78
69
88
113
90
80
67
85
92
90
77
74
92
102
95
86
79
98
97
98
95
96
96
99
94
95
88
98
104
97
98
87
92
96
96
86
87
96
103
98
92
87
95
98
96
90
92
97
101
101
87
94
96
104
99
91
87
98
101
99
97
89
cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre el de los hombres, multiplicado por 100.
ntre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre el de los hombres, multiplicado por 100.
e nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo
ara el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 23.1
INGRESO MEDIO DE LAS MUJERES, COMPARADO CON EL DE LOS HOMBRES, SEGN GRUPOS DE EDAD, ZONAS URBANAS
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
Dispa
por gru
Total
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 44 aos
45 a 54 aos
55 aos y ms
Total
20 a 24 aos
Argentina c/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
65
69
70
66
60
64
66
66
73
72
72
87
86
95
91
84
78
78
79
79
80
79
77
82
83
76
71
69
71
75
75
78
77
61
64
66
64
60
64
70
64
69
71
71
59
66
67
60
56
60
61
63
70
68
68
52
50
49
52
46
57
53
53
71
63
66
83
89
90
89
85
92
90
90
90
91
89
100
97
102
101
93
93
92
91
92
93
93
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 d/
1994 d/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
59
55
60
63
61
63
63
69
71
62
60
72
80
70
75
71
65
61
67
70
69
70
71
71
54
58
73
55
57
53
54
64
54
44
47
68
53
62
67
72
62
40
40
54
44
56
52
64
71
70
78
82
73
77
76
80
83
61
67
84
80
78
87
79
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
56
56
62
65
66
67
66
66
68
68
68
68
68
71
73
74
77
81
84
84
86
83
85
82
86
83
83
84
64
66
68
72
74
77
77
74
75
76
77
75
74
79
54
53
62
63
64
64
63
65
66
67
67
67
66
69
47
43
51
57
59
57
58
58
61
62
61
63
64
68
35
48
54
55
53
55
52
56
56
53
53
57
58
60
67
64
72
75
76
78
78
78
80
81
80
80
78
82
74
76
78
82
86
88
89
86
90
87
88
86
86
87
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
62
68
66
66
59
64
68
64
71
87
81
87
90
87
88
89
85
84
70
84
82
76
76
79
78
81
75
61
71
59
68
58
64
66
62
71
57
56
65
59
48
55
63
63
67
51
55
57
54
53
55
60
50
67
70
74
73
76
74
81
81
79
80
89
87
94
93
94
99
96
102
84
Colombia e/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
69
68
79
75
78
77
77
78
88
98
90
101
103
100
99
98
77
80
95
87
85
83
90
87
64
69
83
69
74
77
73
76
56
52
60
68
76
71
69
74
55
49
58
56
62
58
59
57
78
86
104
87
91
89
89
89
87
99
93
101
102
99
100
101
Cuadro 23.1
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
Dispa
por gru
Total
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 44 aos
45 a 54 aos
55 aos y ms
Total
20 a 24 aos
2008
2009
2010
2011
77
78
76
77
94
94
95
93
85
86
86
85
75
74
73
74
71
72
68
70
60
64
58
64
90
179
88
92
96
187
100
98
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
72
69
78
70
75
76
73
75
70
70
76
79
79
86
83
99
87
86
96
86
91
88
94
91
86
84
75
76
79
75
78
75
83
84
78
82
81
86
86
66
64
73
67
70
72
68
65
66
59
75
74
77
60
60
74
64
68
76
71
75
64
66
75
73
76
61
56
51
58
70
54
48
61
50
51
57
77
75
79
80
93
83
83
88
89
91
87
88
92
94
95
94
85
103
89
91
97
96
94
91
98
100
97
94
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
66
67
75
67
67
68
74
73
68
69
71
74
75
80
77
90
99
83
101
93
105
90
90
91
93
100
70
73
84
82
77
74
83
78
78
80
74
82
84
61
65
70
61
66
63
70
65
66
62
72
68
73
60
57
64
51
55
59
62
70
61
65
64
69
68
64
58
67
55
50
63
67
61
57
64
64
68
62
68
77
86
92
82
83
89
89
88
90
88
90
96
74
80
98
102
86
97
93
105
95
92
95
98
107
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
62
72
76
73
77
81
84
76
97
84
87
80
95
93
70
74
79
79
78
86
92
57
69
71
73
78
78
76
51
63
69
62
76
70
84
46
53
64
51
52
77
72
69
86
86
87
88
94
95
79
102
81
86
77
95
97
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
68
55
56
58
80
88
80
91
81
76
60
64
65
51
54
55
62
34
41
55
55
39
45
42
85
76
82
83
92
86
91
105
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
59
63
60
65
76
83
81
81
77
80
81
78
86
98
94
96
68
73
72
65
78
81
85
84
51
69
58
68
70
77
77
75
56
48
47
51
71
89
76
76
43
42
37
52
63
64
69
64
73
78
76
78
83
96
91
92
79
77
81
81
85
104
95
96
Cuadro 23.1
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
Dispa
por gru
Total
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 44 aos
45 a 54 aos
55 aos y ms
Total
20 a 24 aos
2009
2010
80
84
97
104
87
85
78
82
66
64
65
86
97
94
100
95
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
55
56
59
58
57
62
61
57
62
62
70
72
82
84
84
79
83
88
82
82
83
85
64
65
62
73
76
66
71
69
68
69
74
53
55
63
51
52
62
58
53
57
66
68
45
44
45
54
40
56
57
49
57
48
63
48
42
52
40
55
42
40
45
50
49
60
76
75
77
76
72
80
82
76
79
81
79
87
94
88
91
87
87
92
88
90
90
94
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
77
65
69
71
81
107
93
87
87
96
87
73
85
73
73
62
61
72
80
79
64
47
34
48
73
67
43
85
53
86
79
75
83
88
90
85
96
88
92
97
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
78
69
70
78
76
73
73
74
73
74
78
76
77
73
80
81
98
88
82
92
82
87
83
86
85
91
89
76
78
87
86
86
79
80
75
81
87
82
86
81
71
68
74
77
67
67
75
68
76
81
79
74
68
56
68
73
67
73
73
72
76
67
72
65
75
78
58
46
57
56
50
63
59
56
54
62
72
60
82
75
81
85
89
90
91
90
89
94
89
91
89
67
82
89
99
97
93
97
89
93
96
94
91
93
Paraguay
1990 f/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
55
62
64
71
66
66
60
71
71
75
71
67
63
75
72
96
92
91
92
96
83
85
89
81
68
66
66
84
75
66
74
73
79
82
75
67
52
63
64
67
61
68
67
60
68
65
69
61
50
67
59
69
53
53
39
72
68
76
75
86
60
40
56
43
63
54
39
71
54
69
44
44
63
68
77
83
81
86
81
77
79
82
85
86
69
79
80
102
94
87
88
94
85
83
93
84
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
60
64
68
61
66
61
84
105
94
105
89
76
69
85
76
68
74
73
58
65
59
58
64
55
49
45
59
52
61
55
37
29
56
44
45
48
89
94
80
77
82
70
98
92
93
104
94
80
Cuadro 23.1
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
Dispa
por gru
Total
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 44 aos
45 a 54 aos
55 aos y ms
Total
20 a 24 aos
2009
2010
2011
63
60
62
73
79
75
66
63
67
65
58
57
62
53
60
46
55
54
82
72
75
83
82
83
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
72
59
64
60
59
61
62
70
58
92
62
73
64
77
72
67
84
66
74
59
70
62
63
72
67
75
53
70
63
65
61
60
53
66
57
55
63
45
53
55
46
57
47
79
70
62
77
51
59
65
55
59
63
42
87
77
90
83
85
74
80
84
90
93
87
84
88
91
83
75
89
89
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
44
62
66
68
73
70
72
69
68
69
71
73
63
79
82
81
91
92
88
83
84
83
81
85
60
66
74
78
80
82
81
76
76
77
78
78
46
58
64
64
69
64
71
67
67
68
69
71
37
58
60
65
70
67
69
67
65
65
68
67
30
53
57
55
63
59
59
58
58
58
61
67
73
72
78
80
84
83
87
84
82
83
83
84
81
81
86
86
91
89
89
86
87
88
80
88
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
66
70
69
81
95
84
72
75
77
65
64
62
57
56
60
48
56
56
80
86
83
88
114
90
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases
a/
b/
c/
d/
e/
Se refiere a las diferencias de ingreso en el total de la poblacin ocupada. Esta diferencia se calcula como el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre
Se refiere a las diferencias de ingreso total entre los asalariados. Esta diferencia se calcula como el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre el de los
A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por
Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y d
Cuadro 23.1
LOS HOMBRES, SEGN GRUPOS DE EDAD, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011

En porcentajes)
Disparidad salarial
25 a 34 aos
35 a 44 aos
45 a 49 aos
90
92
102
94
94
93
96
96
94
93
93
79
83
84
82
83
89
86
83
85
89
86
64
93
71
84
64
89
85
85
86
82
80
81
83
79
94
85
92
84
89
66
72
95
80
70
57
69
71
69
75
83
80
56
92
70
82
73
73
76
80
81
85
84
81
82
84
84
83
80
85
64
60
69
72
70
71
70
74
75
76
75
75
75
76
61
51
62
68
71
70
71
68
73
73
71
74
71
79
77
80
85
83
83
88
90
87
86
66
67
63
74
70
75
74
72
79
55
68
62
61
64
72
72
71
66
80
92
114
96
97
92
97
96
75
83
110
76
83
87
82
82
73
70
65
79
88
80
76
81
Cuadro 23.1

En porcentajes)
Disparidad salarial
25 a 34 aos
35 a 44 aos
45 a 49 aos
94
190
95
96
86
172
84
85
81
155
71
84
82
83
90
83
83
84
96
98
92
92
89
99
101
68
74
85
84
78
82
81
79
85
85
96
92
90
82
72
100
79
82
95
82
98
75
74
75
80
85
74
84
91
101
93
87
93
92
93
94
85
93
99
63
78
79
82
79
78
92
80
86
87
86
81
96
63
60
77
86
59
76
67
93
79
84
88
89
77
71
82
94
92
90
91
97
61
83
83
80
87
97
88
66
90
75
89
103
99
100
94
86
83
80
81
69
86
74
72
82
57
95
78
81
77
76
86
92
92
93
67
83
74
82
79
97
90
89
90
76
72
74
92
87
94
94
Cuadro 23.1

En porcentajes)
Disparidad salarial
25 a 34 aos
35 a 44 aos
45 a 49 aos
92
97
100
88
93
95
82
78
76
82
96
82
87
81
86
86
86
70
83
71
73
61
78
75
68
71
80
77
63
46
100
71
44
79
85
81
73
69
66
97
71
93
77
81
60
69
75
87
93
61
72
71
95
92
87
84
87
91
93
99
97
91
95
92
93
93
96
84
71
73
75
81
79
81
85
81
89
84
92
82
72
57
78
77
83
87
88
94
87
94
80
79
81
69
73
75
94
93
77
87
76
83
85
91
94
59
62
74
73
76
106
82
75
74
77
77
69
/
82
97
77
68
105
74
64
89
98
78
115
92
118
88
79
84
75
98
100
74
87
92
64
78
59
69
56
62
66
Cuadro 23.1

En porcentajes)
Disparidad salarial
25 a 34 aos
35 a 44 aos
45 a 49 aos
82
78
82
87
68
70
73
65
63
80
78
106
72
90
87
79
95
88
89
74
79
91
81
61
82
67
90
84
68
74
82
74
82
59
95
76
82
75
83
88
90
88
92
86
85
85
87
87
67
67
76
72
78
76
81
82
80
81
81
81
68
69
67
74
80
79
82
81
77
79
78
75
84
87
89
75
77
76
66
67
73
ones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
alcula como el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre el de los hombres, multiplicado por 100.
mo el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre el de los hombres, multiplicado por 100.
a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo

de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 23.2
INGRESO MEDIO DE LAS MUJERES, COMPARADO CON EL DE LOS HOMBRES, SEGN GRUPOS DE EDAD, ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
Total
15 a 24 aos
25 a 34 aos
35 a 44 aos
45 a 54 aos
55 aos y ms
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
60
65
77
64
67
76
59
47
79
72
131
71
64
58
64
70
59
70
63
51
77
72
61
86
54
103
99
65
84
60
56
73
80
45
44
81
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
54
48
60
67
63
65
61
62
66
70
67
69
73
70
71
63
72
74
76
77
75
76
78
79
77
75
83
77
55
51
61
66
68
75
71
73
70
75
72
75
82
75
50
49
65
73
63
63
62
58
64
66
69
71
70
66
46
33
54
60
58
60
56
57
63
66
65
64
67
69
49
54
48
64
52
54
47
51
57
71
55
62
73
68
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
65
85
71
81
71
72
72
75
73
83
92
91
86
93
96
90
88
72
74
109
73
84
75
76
76
86
80
62
85
76
75
74
68
64
73
70
71
78
70
96
77
80
86
77
72
64
70
66
93
68
66
67
68
82
Colombia b/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
44
60
65
66
87
72
67
72
67
66
65
61
57
70
71
73
90
99
79
80
72
67
76
68
57
59
69
80
92
67
66
74
67
60
61
61
44
63
66
65
85
71
65
68
65
67
63
61
34
55
57
54
73
71
61
70
67
74
65
60
24
40
55
51
78
52
57
61
57
56
61
53
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
73
65
70
72
77
82
70
74
67
72
74
77
75
77
78
88
84
80
86
74
82
82
88
86
90
82
75
71
66
78
74
82
74
81
73
77
84
83
87
80
61
69
68
77
79
65
70
60
60
64
68
67
61
53
64
59
74
74
65
63
56
65
68
69
63
51
43
47
55
53
76
53
48
52
52
55
63
67
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
61
65
67
57
70
67
74
73
81
83
90
83
81
81
99
98
62
68
79
66
71
77
80
78
61
66
63
57
84
71
79
71
56
60
56
54
56
57
61
74
48
53
55
39
53
53
56
58
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
71
82
99
97
98
99
99
84
93
107
105
108
108
107
66
80
93
92
87
94
97
63
74
94
84
78
99
91
74
64
87
101
110
88
87
61
81
99
89
121
89
104
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
73
40
50
66
79
57
66
76
65
38
46
73
72
46
52
63
101
45
40
47
62
20
45
70
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
67
68
60
72
84
97
111
94
81
80
82
83
67
86
125
130
175
127
123
123
88
74
76
70
90
107
99
95
84
82
67
67
57
70
74
78
97
89
71
76
45
48
44
62
64
79
83
77
66
75
42
48
51
61
54
78
98
65
59
46
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
63
53
55
53
63
64
69
82
67
77
78
74
70
83
70
59
57
55
56
63
72
62
49
51
47
62
63
69
43
44
48
49
66
91
62
51
43
43
51
52
37
46
2005
2006
2008
2010
66
57
67
76
87
71
77
76
72
60
75
72
60
50
74
73
60
50
54
81
58
61
57
75
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
122
88
96
73
82
126
97
104
92
94
100
88
95
84
87
114
88
93
72
70
131
69
66
47
80
194
74
113
64
75
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
91
86
78
78
75
86
77
79
85
83
81
72
75
80
88
79
93
87
97
87
81
88
77
86
77
80
86
85
88
82
68
77
81
74
72
84
93
77
69
80
73
72
78
78
78
68
74
51
47
46
102
60
63
72
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
60
57
56
68
41
63
54
57
62
80
92
76
82
52
80
68
101
76
69
59
73
90
57
59
80
61
51
62
51
60
77
45
62
56
70
63
57
36
42
59
42
62
49
47
79
42
69
37
38
19
50
30
34
46
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
61
59
70
63
61
58
57
54
60
73
60
82
69
78
77
77
72
73
68
59
74
73
65
61
59
48
56
55
58
79
69
64
60
50
59
64
59
57
60
53
54
54
51
49
56
48
60
52
53
51
47
56
47
59
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
71
67
71
69
64
70
69
67
77
84
67
67
56
87
67
58
54
97
65
69
76
76
59
59
61
65
61
70
59
73
69
57
73
73
61
66
65
53
50
47
64
65
68
72
89
61
90
75
91
68
82
66
73
74
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
59
55
49
76
71
66
59
64
55
58
54
48
61
48
45
59
57
46
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
2010
2011
55
59
70
68
60
62
53
55
48
58
54
57
1990
1994
1997
71
65
62
80
67
69
70
70
58
71
57
63
62
63
66
68
67
43
multiplicado por 100. Asimismo, debido a insuficiente nmero de observaciones en el rea rural de varios pases, no se presenta la informacin sobre
NAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011
nte entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre el de los hombres,

o se presenta la informacin sobre disparidad salarial.
evos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo
empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 24
INGRESO MEDIO DE LAS MUJERES, COMPARADO CON EL DE LOS HOMBRES, SEGN NMERO DE AOS DE INSTRUCC
(En porcentajes)
Pas
por aos de instruccin a/
Ao
Total
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
68
71
71
68
68
74
82
93
87
73
75
81
76
78
79
81
67
85
53
72
76
64
65
97
75
72
68
71
73
63
58
67
61
67
68
71
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
59
59
66
69
70
70
70
70
71
71
71
71
71
74
49
49
60
62
62
62
61
63
64
66
66
64
65
67
46
45
52
53
55
54
55
54
56
56
56
56
58
58
50
49
52
55
56
56
56
57
58
58
59
58
59
61
48
51
53
55
56
57
57
57
60
59
60
59
61
62
49
46
53
56
54
57
54
55
55
57
56
59
58
60
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
64
72
70
70
62
66
70
66
73
64
101
84
73
77
75
73
73
72
66
78
70
71
69
70
71
68
67
74
75
74
69
73
67
66
67
66
61
69
70
69
67
68
67
67
68
47
54
52
54
46
52
59
54
63
Colombia c/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
62
73
85
78
86
83
84
86
84
85
82
83
44
52
61
53
70
66
65
69
68
64
65
61
53
65
65
65
76
70
73
74
67
66
64
62
56
64
101
77
72
74
72
71
68
66
66
65
65
71
85
72
76
74
76
75
68
68
67
68
64
57
61
70
70
70
69
72
72
73
72
75
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
77
71
79
74
79
81
75
78
72
73
79
81
81
53
57
54
54
61
63
55
56
52
60
55
59
58
61
54
56
60
57
59
54
58
55
56
54
61
57
64
60
59
59
60
64
60
60
54
62
59
59
61
75
66
76
65
72
73
66
66
68
62
67
68
70
68
69
75
69
73
72
70
69
63
65
70
77
77
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
69
76
75
70
74
74
78
78
61
67
68
60
64
61
61
59
62
65
71
61
62
65
74
70
67
71
73
66
68
78
69
60
75
76
73
73
75
70
80
72
57
65
62
58
63
64
63
74
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
71
82
88
83
86
91
93
72
88
101
99
101
99
104
60
73
86
80
85
90
90
65
80
83
72
82
81
82
71
82
81
84
76
78
84
63
67
70
70
77
79
80
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
81
55
60
66
68
45
54
82
81
54
67
61
67
52
66
55
81
60
59
68
58
52
56
44
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
74
70
67
76
93
104
103
97
92
95
54
59
53
60
75
86
95
78
70
63
56
60
58
71
79
85
87
77
70
78
54
82
59
60
68
74
73
73
72
84
72
66
66
66
78
86
83
81
85
89
54
55
54
65
63
80
71
75
77
79
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
60
59
60
60
60
64
63
52
52
56
57
53
53
50
65
61
54
59
75
72
70
69
72
62
63
74
62
64
76
61
47
49
51
48
50
64
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
65
61
63
65
74
64
60
50
70
74
58
61
53
62
72
67
64
64
65
65
70
70
69
69
75
53
47
56
53
65
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
97
78
82
78
86
128
89
93
73
86
85
82
89
76
75
72
73
64
69
78
89
55
82
72
73
63
51
52
56
78
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
89
83
82
82
80
83
85
84
86
69
53
62
49
56
65
57
57
55
63
57
62
52
48
59
59
68
65
56
59
60
56
59
64
59
60
61
77
68
69
74
69
71
77
74
73
64
65
66
68
68
65
70
69
67
Paraguay
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
73
70
65
64
63
70
70
70
68
56
68
54
59
46
50
61
58
69
72
62
60
62
51
71
50
59
54
63
68
67
69
59
63
66
51
63
71
60
68
51
74
55
68
70
72
64
63
55
60
59
72
79
76
62
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
65
70
74
69
70
65
66
63
65
75
75
85
74
63
65
61
59
70
76
78
96
81
72
70
67
66
77
65
106
78
80
71
67
69
65
65
73
70
77
68
70
63
63
60
63
53
61
64
59
69
64
66
64
63
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
78
65
68
65
63
66
67
73
65
61
51
59
56
62
55
77
63
63
59
57
57
54
47
63
54
58
56
63
57
52
56
54
49
52
53
57
70
56
62
56
53
56
53
60
55
65
53
62
55
56
57
56
63
51
Uruguay
2007
2008
69
68
55
51
54
55
58
55
59
59
57
57
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
2009
2010
2011
69
71
73
59
50
48
53
55
54
54
58
57
58
61
63
61
63
68
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
69
71
70
74
77
78
77
79
81
81
83
82
83
68
66
73
71
69
73
75
65
65
61
71
66
65
60
61
61
65
68
70
66
67
67
68
68
69
68
68
69
64
66
67
67
68
68
69
67
68
68
70
61
63
61
63
66
70
66
70
71
72
73
72
74
62
66
63
66
71
71
74
75
79
79
83
82
82
b/ Se refiere a las diferencias de ingreso total entre los asalariados. Esta diferencia se calcula como el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sob
ro 24
SEGN NMERO DE AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, TOTAL NACIONAL, 1990 - 2011

entajes)
Disparidad salarial
por aos de instruccin b/
Total
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
79
83
76
83
80
84
63
55
63
73
74
81
49
70
84
73
73
75
53
43
87
65
73
64
84
66
72
75
69
76
83
82
62
75
73
82
71
68
76
80
80
82
81
81
83
84
83
82
81
84
63
65
72
73
75
78
77
77
77
78
78
76
80
81
54
54
61
63
65
65
67
67
67
70
69
70
72
72
55
57
59
61
63
63
64
66
67
68
68
67
69
72
57
58
60
64
63
64
65
66
66
68
68
66
68
68
58
50
60
63
61
65
62
64
65
66
67
68
65
70
75
78
76
80
78
83
83
81
82
86
93
98
86
98
86
89
89
95
68
88
86
81
84
90
84
80
74
83
76
80
82
81
81
80
76
82
73
76
78
76
77
79
77
76
77
56
59
57
62
62
67
70
68
69
82
93
109
91
100
96
96
96
99
98
95
99
65
77
64
68
95
92
90
88
89
85
86
84
67
80
72
75
96
90
94
93
88
86
84
82
79
84
158
81
87
88
85
88
83
83
80
83
79
86
117
82
86
85
87
84
82
80
80
80
71
70
73
78
76
75
74
76
78
79
76
82
87
86
95
89
87
93
90
92
89
91
95
95
97
69
75
69
78
71
66
67
68
67
72
75
70
67
73
70
71
70
65
71
68
71
73
69
67
77
76
72
70
72
71
70
72
70
70
70
76
70
79
79
80
75
83
76
82
83
80
80
76
74
81
82
84
71
77
84
75
72
76
76
77
76
79
78
84
86
87
93
93
93
93
92
94
101
78
75
80
70
82
80
79
77
76
77
79
76
79
79
86
83
73
72
73
72
77
87
80
77
80
79
82
77
76
75
83
86
66
77
76
79
80
77
78
90
76
94
93
95
94
98
100
79
86
92
93
99
98
96
67
75
87
84
81
92
91
66
88
82
78
77
84
85
77
95
89
87
80
83
87
73
79
76
81
90
87
90
100
97
102
95
79
74
108
107
86
76
100
84
93
74
91
78
92
73
73
85
72
71
82
64
94
87
86
89
117
130
118
119
132
127
73
72
67
81
130
145
145
130
140
140
64
70
75
78
97
108
97
97
106
113
69
80
71
61
73
82
79
78
89
85
80
77
76
77
80
86
83
85
93
89
65
75
64
77
68
87
80
84
84
86
84
86
84
83
80
88
87
77
87
72
79
83
74
84
78
76
70
80
88
94
84
88
94
77
82
85
79
89
83
75
74
63
71
61
60
79
86
83
83
85
85
81
71
73
78
78
74
75
76
76
80
80
73
73
73
74
79
85
81
81
78
72
64
69
76
70
88
86
89
98
97
105
96
80
93
104
75
83
90
92
91
72
72
70
75
81
89
53
75
83
82
70
79
70
71
76
100
100
96
97
97
101
95
96
94
82
58
60
55
67
81
63
78
71
73
71
64
60
65
73
66
73
74
69
64
71
66
69
70
74
75
73
87
83
85
82
82
88
83
85
83
74
78
79
81
78
82
79
81
77
88
87
90
86
80
82
83
88
88
72
86
72
68
60
66
74
82
81
82
72
79
75
71
76
74
73
71
70
85
80
77
79
73
66
78
73
86
84
86
77
76
66
72
81
84
73
68
78
72
69
81
83
84
77
94
99
86
83
85
74
84
75
77
91
146
92
95
88
78
78
73
80
109
118
96
94
82
78
84
75
72
72
89
83
88
74
71
76
64
63
102
93
86
81
75
72
76
71
73
80
94
74
70
81
67
78
70
74
90
81
90
84
86
76
82
86
92
64
63
61
72
67
65
73
81
68
58
70
65
62
68
60
62
70
62
71
69
65
59
63
62
64
62
63
86
62
68
76
69
73
62
67
72
84
72
92
71
79
68
77
80
84
85
83
56
71
63
64
69
66
69
72
73
69
83
83
84
63
55
50
62
62
62
64
65
66
70
70
71
73
76
78
83
88
85
92
98
96
98
92
96
95
97
96
98
74
83
71
86
83
79
73
70
89
81
95
81
82
72
71
73
70
77
80
75
76
82
82
78
81
78
81
95
70
73
80
80
80
77
83
78
78
81
82
79
71
76
77
80
83
80
82
80
81
84
82
88
75
83
74
77
86
84
91
81
87
87
87
90
89
o el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre el de los hombres, multiplicado por 100.
nte entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre el de los hombres, multiplicado por 100.
n para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 24.1
INGRESO MEDIO DE LAS MUJERES, COMPARADO CON EL DE LOS HOMBRES, SEGN NMERO DE AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZO
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
por a
Total
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
Total
0 a 3 aos
Argentina c/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
65
69
70
66
60
64
66
66
73
72
72
66
67
73
66
60
58
52
56
56
59
58
66
73
73
54
50
54
57
57
59
66
62
67
60
54
53
52
51
57
56
55
63
64
69
63
59
59
58
58
64
63
65
51
58
55
52
48
60
63
61
68
67
70
83
89
90
89
85
92
90
90
90
91
89
78
86
/
84
92
74
82
67
101
76
101
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 d/
1994 d/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
59
55
60
63
61
63
63
69
62
61
59
64
62
61
62
68
68
59
66
65
67
72
53
65
76
67
53
66
75
62
59
97
78
65
76
71
66
69
74
60
46
54
57
66
60
65
65
70
71
70
78
82
73
77
76
80
54
48
61
55
55
61
67
74
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
56
56
62
65
66
67
66
66
68
68
68
68
68
71
46
49
57
59
59
59
59
61
61
63
63
62
61
63
46
46
52
51
55
53
55
54
55
55
56
55
57
58
50
49
53
55
56
56
56
57
58
58
59
58
58
61
49
51
53
56
57
57
58
57
60
59
60
59
61
62
49
46
53
56
54
57
55
55
55
57
57
59
58
60
67
64
72
75
76
78
78
78
80
81
80
80
78
82
57
59
67
68
71
73
73
73
72
74
73
72
76
78
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
62
68
66
66
59
64
68
64
71
65
99
88
72
76
71
69
71
72
64
73
67
65
70
70
70
66
68
75
72
71
66
71
65
65
66
64
62
69
70
70
67
68
67
67
68
48
54
52
54
46
52
60
54
64
70
74
73
76
74
81
81
79
80
79
83
94
84
99
82
88
88
98
Colombia e/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
69
68
79
75
78
77
77
57
59
69
66
69
70
66
60
68
65
71
73
71
72
70
65
107
75
71
72
71
72
71
88
73
75
73
75
64
57
61
70
69
70
69
78
86
104
87
91
89
89
69
86
73
81
95
97
93
Cuadro 24.1
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
por a
Total
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
Total
0 a 3 aos
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
78
77
78
76
78
71
69
66
65
63
71
65
64
62
61
69
66
65
65
63
74
67
67
66
67
71
72
73
71
75
89
90
90
88
92
88
89
85
88
81
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
72
69
78
70
75
76
73
75
70
70
76
79
79
53
61
61
49
63
63
54
54
48
68
48
58
58
62
55
59
62
56
57
55
58
55
57
55
65
59
65
59
61
57
60
68
62
63
58
63
60
61
63
73
64
78
65
72
72
67
66
70
62
66
67
72
66
70
75
68
72
70
70
69
63
65
71
79
78
79
80
93
83
83
88
89
91
87
88
92
94
95
65
67
73
70
68
68
60
62
65
77
74
65
64
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
66
67
75
67
67
68
74
73
68
69
71
74
75
49
60
57
63
73
67
79
78
69
67
65
62
56
57
61
60
62
69
62
64
72
62
63
65
73
69
68
70
61
62
66
68
70
74
66
66
75
67
58
79
72
87
71
70
75
76
71
74
70
70
79
70
57
59
70
60
57
57
65
62
58
62
64
62
73
68
77
86
92
82
83
89
89
88
90
88
90
96
41
52
76
56
76
71
76
86
68
83
77
72
71
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
62
72
76
73
77
81
84
62
77
81
80
83
87
97
55
68
76
69
79
84
83
63
76
78
69
77
77
76
69
80
81
82
73
76
82
63
66
70
69
77
79
79
69
86
86
87
88
94
95
71
73
80
78
86
89
91
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
68
55
56
58
59
62
56
80
78
53
63
53
71
58
68
72
80
56
58
63
57
53
56
44
85
76
82
83
73
59
99
109
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
59
63
60
65
76
83
47
59
52
60
66
71
50
65
56
62
69
71
58
67
58
59
67
72
69
67
66
66
77
86
54
56
54
66
65
79
73
78
76
78
83
96
60
62
61
73
76
86
Cuadro 24.1
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
por a
Total
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
Total
0 a 3 aos
2006
2007
2009
2010
81
81
80
84
72
65
58
67
69
66
63
71
73
71
68
83
83
80
86
88
71
76
77
76
91
92
97
94
93
84
79
86
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
55
56
59
58
57
62
61
57
62
62
70
62
56
57
67
60
57
56
57
46
65
65
52
48
68
66
51
60
58
58
56
64
67
70
70
72
68
71
59
67
63
65
65
66
62
73
63
65
73
61
71
68
70
66
75
46
48
50
47
48
61
51
47
55
53
64
76
75
77
76
72
80
82
76
79
81
79
74
65
79
63
67
67
77
64
73
79
70
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
77
65
69
71
81
95
68
85
73
84
73
80
76
67
74
71
67
60
68
80
91
52
80
71
71
58
53
52
60
80
79
75
83
88
90
89
72
74
85
97
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
78
69
70
78
76
73
73
74
73
74
78
76
77
47
54
52
61
57
50
73
54
54
62
74
61
49
55
51
48
56
51
49
58
46
41
52
52
63
55
69
58
60
63
53
57
57
55
57
58
58
58
58
82
68
68
75
78
65
67
72
67
69
77
72
74
69
62
62
71
64
64
66
66
67
65
69
68
66
82
75
81
85
89
90
91
90
89
94
89
91
89
44
65
58
64
63
53
55
44
64
73
56
60
63
Paraguay
1990 f/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
55
62
64
71
66
66
60
71
71
75
71
67
69
71
66
66
62
59
69
62
56
56
55
57
55
61
58
76
60
55
62
65
65
61
64
57
60
67
54
62
73
73
63
64
66
69
46
62
65
66
64
72
64
74
49
85
56
68
74
70
42
51
59
63
62
56
58
58
76
79
75
62
63
68
77
83
81
86
81
77
79
82
85
86
/
81
59
62
71
76
73
55
67
78
80
68
Per
1997
1999
2001
60
64
68
71
67
82
70
71
84
62
102
72
72
69
72
52
61
63
89
94
80
68
/
74
Cuadro 24.1
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
por a
Total
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
Total
0 a 3 aos
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
61
66
61
63
60
62
69
59
68
67
62
67
68
67
64
65
66
74
75
65
61
64
60
62
65
66
61
61
58
61
58
67
63
64
63
62
77
82
70
82
72
75
101
84
64
74
61
76
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
72
59
64
60
59
61
62
70
58
56
41
49
46
54
48
73
53
44
56
54
43
41
41
58
51
51
52
62
55
51
56
52
45
51
54
48
69
54
61
54
50
53
47
59
52
66
51
63
55
56
58
57
64
50
87
77
90
83
85
74
80
84
90
59
56
57
64
68
62
66
66
65
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
44
62
66
68
73
70
72
69
68
69
71
73
50
65
56
63
82
68
68
58
54
61
49
49
41
56
59
60
67
65
62
55
56
55
56
54
40
57
62
62
63
60
61
59
56
55
58
58
42
56
58
62
66
65
64
59
60
59
62
64
37
49
55
55
59
56
61
57
58
61
64
68
73
72
78
80
84
83
87
84
82
83
83
84
72
67
66
78
83
/
/
57
71
62
55
46
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
66
70
69
63
63
71
58
61
61
68
70
64
61
63
60
62
66
63
80
86
83
70
79
68
a/ Se refiere a las diferencias de ingreso en el total de la poblacin ocupada. Esta diferencia se calcula como el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sob
b/ Se refiere a las diferencias de ingreso total entre los asalariados. Esta diferencia se calcula como el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre el de lo
e/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados p
Cuadro 24.1
MBRES, SEGN NMERO DE AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZONAS URBANAS, 1990 - 2011

En porcentajes)
Disparidad salarial
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
/
85
82
91
68
77
67
74
81
78
71
79
72
66
74
74
66
71
71
72
69
90
84
82
81
82
82
78
79
79
78
72
75
70
74
69
80
79
80
82
84
82
55
50
48
65
83
65
71
67
86
62
54
/
94
63
67
57
92
71
85
66
71
73
67
76
60
67
82
82
61
74
71
82
52
53
59
60
63
63
66
65
66
68
68
68
70
70
56
57
58
60
63
63
64
65
66
67
67
66
68
72
57
58
60
64
63
64
65
66
66
67
68
66
68
68
58
50
60
63
61
65
62
64
66
67
68
68
65
71
60
81
79
77
83
89
80
78
70
79
71
76
78
79
79
78
75
82
72
75
77
76
76
79
77
77
77
56
59
58
62
62
68
71
68
69
70
83
77
84
95
90
95
78
86
168
85
86
87
86
79
87
120
82
87
84
86
70
70
73
79
75
76
74
Cuadro 24.1

En porcentajes)
Disparidad salarial
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
91
85
82
81
79
87
81
81
79
81
84
81
79
79
79
75
78
78
76
81
72
69
70
70
65
69
72
73
71
70
67
81
78
73
69
70
70
69
76
73
72
71
77
71
81
81
77
74
84
78
83
82
82
81
78
73
80
82
85
72
76
86
74
70
74
76
78
76
80
80
86
86
49
62
68
64
68
71
75
79
73
78
76
83
83
60
71
60
70
73
75
72
73
70
78
86
80
75
78
83
91
91
79
81
79
81
76
74
75
84
83
57
68
74
82
73
66
77
76
79
80
77
78
89
63
70
80
73
74
89
83
62
87
79
75
72
82
82
76
94
88
87
78
82
85
74
77
75
80
90
88
89
83
65
79
78
89
70
85
76
90
70
72
83
73
73
86
63
54
69
69
71
74
83
65
78
72
59
71
85
78
76
75
76
80
85
65
79
65
77
69
87
Cuadro 24.1

En porcentajes)
Disparidad salarial
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
78
77
81
89
77
74
82
79
83
86
91
85
80
84
84
86
70
83
75
73
61
76
71
69
72
74
75
87
91
82
85
91
75
80
71
73
71
73
81
83
79
87
82
72
83
83
81
78
78
72
62
70
62
58
78
69
64
67
76
69
68
71
82
83
90
74
72
69
73
78
87
51
73
82
80
72
76
73
71
78
57
52
58
59
55
60
62
53
57
66
62
67
70
72
68
67
63
67
62
69
64
68
69
73
74
72
85
76
82
82
85
81
82
79
79
87
82
83
82
75
64
67
75
74
77
78
80
77
81
78
81
76
52
63
57
77
76
74
74
72
73
73
77
76
56
69
66
69
87
79
78
73
62
66
78
69
73
76
77
86
84
88
76
74
66
72
80
84
60
52
72
71
68
77
70
67
81
82
83
77
93
113
86
68
82
82
100
91
83
80
94
72
Cuadro 24.1

En porcentajes)
Disparidad salarial
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
84
81
72
80
69
68
86
71
68
73
60
62
79
72
71
76
70
72
69
80
65
78
69
73
52
75
62
59
70
58
58
66
55
72
69
64
60
60
61
63
59
61
84
59
69
79
69
73
59
66
73
85
70
93
71
80
68
78
79
84
65
64
68
67
74
70
70
62
65
63
63
62
69
68
75
73
71
69
71
69
66
65
65
66
68
66
69
72
82
75
79
69
72
70
70
71
71
59
67
68
71
73
77
73
69
73
76
78
69
73
73
80
94
69
79
71
75
75
83
74
s especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
la como el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre el de los hombres, multiplicado por 100.
el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres sobre el de los hombres, multiplicado por 100.
aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo

e la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 24.2
INGRESO MEDIO DE LAS MUJERES, COMPARADO CON EL DE LOS HOMBRES, SEGN NMERO DE AOS DE INSTRUCCIN,
ZONAS RURALES, 1990 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Ao
Total
0 a 3 aos
4 a 6 aos
7 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
60
65
77
64
67
76
80
77
81
65
63
68
67
65
89
75
86
105
43
70
66
55
70
64
48
58
92
67
52
69
42
79
83
88
101
78
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
54
48
60
67
63
65
61
62
66
70
67
69
73
70
48
38
50
50
56
57
52
55
55
58
60
56
59
62
43
33
44
52
47
50
48
49
50
54
50
55
53
54
42
41
42
47
53
49
52
53
54
56
54
51
62
55
45
40
45
50
45
56
48
48
54
64
55
58
59
56
37
55
50
54
52
47
40
31
40
35
46
58
67
58
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
65
85
71
81
71
72
72
75
73
62
78
64
67
70
77
87
72
74
66
82
64
86
57
66
70
69
61
61
79
74
75
71
68
65
69
72
46
61
62
57
60
58
72
61
63
35
56
40
49
45
44
37
58
51
Colombia b/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
44
60
65
66
87
72
67
72
67
66
65
37
40
47
44
58
49
50
51
50
49
50
45
53
54
50
67
51
54
59
54
53
55
30
56
66
81
62
74
64
63
62
56
60
41
68
62
68
71
83
82
70
63
68
63
68
61
66
71
89
80
87
91
74
91
75
2011
62
46
48
55
65
75
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
73
65
70
72
77
82
70
74
67
72
74
77
75
53
54
49
57
57
61
55
59
55
51
61
62
59
58
53
53
57
55
61
53
58
55
56
51
55
52
61
59
55
60
59
54
56
53
47
57
56
53
57
76
69
72
64
70
78
63
67
59
60
69
70
60
80
68
74
73
75
82
73
67
67
66
64
70
74
Ecuador
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
61
65
67
57
70
67
74
73
56
58
59
51
56
54
56
58
62
63
66
55
57
59
67
66
63
70
66
59
72
77
72
66
68
66
81
56
104
68
80
80
62
69
55
55
74
80
84
86
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
71
82
99
97
98
99
99
70
84
106
103
106
100
100
65
73
96
95
86
92
97
67
81
89
79
93
88
91
78
87
71
91
93
94
90
72
97
89
94
86
84
97
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
73
40
50
66
68
37
48
74
70
44
63
65
50
23
39
28
88
90
63
100
/
/
/
37
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
67
68
60
72
84
97
111
94
81
80
48
56
51
51
66
81
95
75
70
52
58
52
55
75
84
93
106
85
67
77
37
120
62
59
67
73
70
73
77
82
101
63
66
66
81
86
79
81
79
89
/
/
/
/
43
93
68
65
80
101
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
63
53
55
54
63
64
69
66
57
67
76
59
44
45
36
48
46
67
57
52
71
77
49
51
56
48
55
52
56
64
43
54
73
95
61
52
64
65
76
62
65
59
61
58
63
77
56
60
90
60
58
73
62
82
69
59
69
71
56
65
82
72
56
66
56
77
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
122
88
96
73
82
126
98
87
67
82
115
78
117
86
70
72
104
90
72
69
65
75
86
73
85
/
31
/
24
68
Panam
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
91
86
78
78
75
86
77
79
85
61
50
45
38
48
57
45
51
50
66
54
52
49
47
54
59
58
68
59
62
62
51
54
85
53
58
60
65
78
73
73
71
70
70
75
63
67
80
71
88
73
71
82
75
89
Paraguay
1999
2001
60
57
48
66
60
56
66
51
59
36
81
70
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
56
68
41
63
54
57
62
53
58
37
46
63
57
78
66
62
38
77
42
53
53
51
84
44
58
61
68
61
42
68
35
48
62
52
77
41
82
68
48
74
80
63
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
61
59
70
63
61
58
57
54
60
58
65
64
59
54
52
50
49
60
61
59
71
69
60
63
54
54
65
55
72
77
67
71
66
65
66
60
64
51
99
66
77
65
64
61
69
72
69
78
90
74
73
80
71
69
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
71
67
71
69
64
70
69
67
77
60
60
68
67
70
60
73
73
92
56
56
84
78
57
70
56
71
60
61
60
55
53
57
59
51
50
81
69
58
63
65
66
67
79
62
65
62
67
54
53
51
64
49
63
58
Uruguay
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
59
55
49
55
59
61
49
55
68
49
52
55
45
50
53
46
47
41
50
46
53
46
39
35
53
55
40
53
55
61
Venezuela
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
71
65
62
69
65
66
66
51
54
63
58
47
66
72
64
66
70
/
a/ Se refiere a las diferencias de ingreso en el total de la poblacin ocupada. Esta diferencia se calcula como el cociente entre el ingreso medio de las mujeres so
multiplicado por 100. Asimismo, debido a insuficiente nmero de observaciones en el rea rural de varios pases, no se presenta la informacin sobre disparida
b/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados
Sin informacin.
spectivos pases.
as mujeres sobre el de los hombres,

obre disparidad salarial.
esarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo
pleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 25
INGRESO MEDIO DE LA POBLACIN URBANA OCUPADA EN SECTORES DE BAJA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL MERCADO DE TR
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Tra
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
Argentina d/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
6.9
7.9
6.7
5.5
3.8
4.4
4.6
5.1
7.8
8.6
9.9
18.4
23.7
23.1
18.6
14.7
15.0
15.8
17.3
22.6
24.4
26.0
3.7
4.7
3.9
3.5
2.2
2.7
2.9
3.2
5.1
5.7
6.8
7.6
6.8
5.6
5.6
4.5
4.7
5.0
5.0
8.4
8.6
9.9
3.6
4.5
3.7
3.3
2.0
2.5
2.7
3.0
4.8
5.4
6.4
2.5
2.9
2.6
2.1
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.6
2.5
2.8
3.4
7.7
8.9
7.0
6.0
4.0
5.3
5.6
6.2
9.6
10.5
12.3
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 e/
1994 e/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.4
2.7
3.7
11.9
8.1
7.1
7.2
5.4
5.8
6.1
9.4
2.8
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.2
2.5
3.0
4.7
3.6
5.7
5.0
3.7
4.8
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.4
1.9
2.5
3.0
1.5
1.0
1.1
2.0
2.1
1.4
1.9
2.6
4.5
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.4
2.2
2.3
3.4
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
3.3
4.1
3.3
3.2
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.9
11.4
14.0
10.3
10.6
9.7
9.5
9.4
8.8
9.5
10.4
10.6
10.2
11.4
2.3
2.8
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.9
3.3
3.6
4.1
3.7
3.7
4.5
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.3
4.5
5.4
5.3
5.8
2.0
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
3.0
1.0
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.1
3.9
3.7
4.8
3.7
3.6
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.3
3.4
3.3
4.3
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
4.3
4.8
6.0
6.4
5.8
6.1
6.4
6.8
6.2
19.8
18.3
23.9
25.8
23.5
25.5
23.4
27.1
25.5
2.7
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.5
4.1
4.3
4.3
5.2
7.3
8.7
7.6
9.2
7.7
8.8
9.2
7.9
2.5
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.6
3.7
3.8
1.8
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.9
3.0
5.3
5.1
6.6
6.7
5.4
6.0
6.9
7.9
6.9
Colombia f/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
1.2
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.4
3.1
3.0
2.0
2.0
Cuadro 25
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Tra
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
4.6
4.2
4.4
4.9
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.3
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.8
4.7
4.1
4.7
4.4
3.9
3.5
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
6.5
9.2
7.4
9.3
8.8
6.9
6.4
7.6
8.6
9.0
9.3
8.1
10.0
3.5
3.9
3.4
4.0
4.1
4.3
3.6
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.3
6.7
6.4
4.9
7.0
6.9
7.4
6.6
6.7
5.3
5.6
5.9
7.8
5.5
3.2
3.6
3.3
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.1
3.5
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.2
2.9
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.6
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.1
2.1
3.9
4.5
3.9
4.4
3.4
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.0
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.3
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.9
2.7
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.1
4.0
6.1
5.5
6.0
6.2
6.0
6.8
6.7
10.6
8.6
8.7
9.1
7.9
2.4
2.1
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.4
3.9
5.0
3.6
3.3
3.8
4.9
4.6
3.6
3.7
3.3
3.6
3.6
2.3
1.9
1.8
1.7
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.5
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.8
2.4
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.9
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
2.7
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.2
2.5
2.5
6.7
8.0
8.6
8.1
9.0
6.6
6.6
2.1
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.1
2.1
3.1
5.7
4.4
3.9
3.3
4.1
3.9
2.1
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.2
2.2
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
3.2
2.9
3.1
3.7
13.1
10.1
8.0
14.6
1.9
2.2
1.9
1.6
4.0
4.1
3.7
3.1
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.3
3.7
2.4
2.8
3.4
Honduras
1990
1994
1.8
1.8
7.6
4.8
1.7
1.4
3.9
2.5
1.6
1.3
0.8
0.6
1.8
1.9
Cuadro 25
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Tra
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.6
4.7
4.4
4.4
4.2
3.8
5.2
4.5
4.4
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.6
2.1
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.8
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
0.5
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.3
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
3.2
3.2
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.5
3.2
3.3
2.4
12.0
10.5
12.5
11.6
12.6
11.2
10.1
13.9
5.1
1.8
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.0
1.9
2.8
4.4
3.4
4.9
4.4
4.1
4.3
3.1
3.2
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.2
5.4
4.1
2.8
3.3
3.9
4.0
3.7
4.0
3.4
3.4
2.4
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
3.2
2.7
2.6
2.3
2.6
8.8
6.9
6.1
6.2
2.7
2.3
2.2
1.8
4.8
5.2
6.4
3.1
2.4
2.0
1.8
1.7
2.1
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.9
3.8
2.7
2.5
2.1
2.7
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.2
3.8
4.1
3.8
4.0
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.9
10.3
12.1
12.6
11.4
13.6
14.0
14.4
14.2
15.2
17.1
17.9
17.2
17.4
3.5
2.8
3.1
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.8
4.0
7.8
6.0
5.5
7.8
7.2
7.4
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.9
6.7
6.7
2.9
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.3
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
2.1
1.6
1.8
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
3.2
4.4
4.3
3.6
4.1
4.5
4.5
5.1
5.6
5.2
5.1
5.2
6.1
Paraguay
1990 g/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
3.2
3.1
2.8
2.4
2.4
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.1
8.2
8.4
6.8
5.5
6.5
6.9
5.5
6.3
6.3
4.9
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.1
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.2
3.8
4.8
3.7
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.4
2.9
3.9
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
0.8
1.3
1.1
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
3.7
2.6
2.8
2.2
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.7
Cuadro 25
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Tra
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
2010
2011
2.5
2.8
6.1
7.5
2.2
2.3
4.2
3.2
2.0
2.2
1.5
1.4
2.3
2.6
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.6
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.9
6.5
4.6
5.7
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.9
2.5
2.1
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.4
4.3
2.8
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.7
3.8
2.9
3.1
2.3
2.0
1.9
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.5
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.4
4.7
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.7
5.3
5.1
11.4
15.2
14.4
16.6
15.4
15.1
16.9
18.4
13.5
2.5
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.8
2.0
1.7
1.6
4.6
2.7
3.6
3.4
3.0
3.8
3.3
3.1
2.5
2.2
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.3
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
3.4
4.7
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.9
5.4
5.7
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.1
3.8
3.6
3.8
2.7
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.9
9.0
10.5
9.6
11.4
8.8
8.0
7.9
7.9
8.4
8.4
8.4
7.7
2.4
3.0
2.9
3.2
2.6
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.9
4.6
4.0
5.4
4.5
3.2
4.1
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.1
4.1
2.3
2.9
2.9
3.1
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.6
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.0
1.7
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.3
3.0
4.0
3.8
3.9
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.4
Venezuela h/
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.6
3.8
4.0
3.3
3.4
3.2
4.0
3.8
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.1
9.5
7.5
9.7
7.6
9.0
8.5
10.5
8.8
7.2
6.9
6.9
6.4
6.0
2.3
2.2
1.8
2.1
1.8
1.8
2.1
2.5
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.5
3.5
6.0
2.9
4.0
2.7
2.7
2.7
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.3
2.0
1.7
2.0
1.7
1.7
2.1
2.4
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
1.4
1.3
1.0
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
4.6
3.9
4.3
3.4
3.4
3.3
4.1
3.9
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.1
Cuadro 25
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Tra
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
a/ Se refiere a los establecimientos que ocupan hasta cinco personas. En los casos del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador,
Dominicana, el Uruguay (1990) y la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela se incluyen a los que tienen hasta cuatro empleados. En los casos en que no se disp
de los establecimientos no se proveen cifras para el conjunto de las personas ocupadas en sectores de baja productividad.
c/ Incluye a personas ocupadas en la agricultura, silvicultura, caza y pesca.
f/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados
Nacional de Estadstica (DANE) y el Departamento Nacional de Planeacin (DNP) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobrez
g/ rea metropolitana de Asuncin.
h/ A partir de 1997 el diseo muestral de la encuesta no permite el desglose urbano-rural. Por lo tanto, las cifras corresponden al total nacional.
Sin informacin.
Cuadro 25
SECTORES DE BAJA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO, 1990 - 2011

respectivas lneas de pobreza per cpita)
no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
Agricultura,
ganadera y otros
7.3
8.2
7.0
5.7
3.7
4.9
5.1
5.7
9.2
10.1
12.2
7.8
9.1
7.0
6.2
4.2
5.6
5.9
6.5
9.9
10.9
12.6
8.6
16.2
/
5.7
4.5
4.1
6.3
6.0
7.5
8.2
9.6
3.9
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.0
2.4
2.0
2.7
4.6
3.0
3.3
2.9
2.7
2.2
2.5
3.7
6.3
2.1
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.4
3.6
3.1
4.2
3.2
3.0
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.9
3.0
3.1
4.0
4.1
4.1
5.3
4.0
3.9
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.6
3.7
3.6
4.6
2.6
2.6
3.0
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.6
2.5
2.5
3.4
4.1
4.8
5.9
6.0
5.4
5.8
6.7
7.4
6.9
5.9
5.3
6.7
7.0
5.5
6.1
7.1
8.0
6.8
4.4
4.8
8.3
6.6
4.6
6.1
6.6
8.4
7.4
2.0
2.7
2.5
1.7
1.7
2.5
3.1
3.0
2.0
2.1
2.8
10.8
7.8
4.1
1.6
Cuadro 25

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
Agricultura,
ganadera y otros
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.4
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.6
1.8
1.5
3.3
3.1
3.6
3.7
3.5
2.9
2.7
2.6
3.1
3.2
2.9
2.3
2.1
4.2
4.8
4.0
4.7
3.4
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
4.9
8.8
4.9
5.4
3.0
2.7
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.2
3.1
3.5
2.5
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.8
2.5
2.3
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.7
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.1
2.9
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.8
3.0
2.2
2.1
2.2
1.5
2.8
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.2
3.3
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.0
2.0
2.8
2.7
3.1
3.3
3.1
2.4
2.4
1.7
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.9
2.9
2.1
2.4
3.1
4.3
2.6
3.1
4.0
3.2
2.4
2.3
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.9
2.1
2.8
2.3
Cuadro 25

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
Agricultura,
ganadera y otros
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.2
2.0
1.2
1.3
0.8
0.7
0.9
2.2
1.5
4.3
3.4
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.2
3.2
2.2
6.0
4.4
3.0
3.4
4.1
4.2
3.7
4.0
3.5
3.5
2.4
3.1
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.2
1.3
3.3
5.6
2.9
3.4
1.4
3.5
2.5
1.9
2.1
2.3
4.1
2.8
2.8
2.1
2.9
2.6
1.9
1.3
1.7
2.6
2.9
4.0
4.2
3.3
4.2
4.9
4.9
5.6
5.5
4.7
5.0
4.8
5.8
3.4
4.6
4.5
3.7
4.1
4.6
4.6
5.1
5.7
5.5
5.2
5.5
6.3
2.3
2.4
2.8
2.7
2.7
1.8
1.9
2.7
4.0
2.7
3.7
3.0
4.3
2.4
2.1
2.4
2.0
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.7
4.2
2.8
3.1
2.4
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.7
2.1
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.3
0.9
0.9
1.6
0.8
Cuadro 25

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
Agricultura,
ganadera y otros
2.0
2.8
2.4
2.7
2.4
1.6
2.0
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.6
1.6
1.5
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.5
2.0
3.6
5.5
6.4
6.8
6.3
6.3
7.1
6.2
6.9
3.4
4.8
5.7
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.2
5.6
5.9
2.4
2.4
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.2
2.8
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.9
3.0
3.2
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.5
3.4
4.5
4.2
4.3
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
0.0
4.0
4.9
3.5
3.6
3.1
2.7
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.4
4.2
3.6
4.1
3.4
3.6
3.5
4.3
4.1
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.4
4.9
4.2
4.6
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.3
4.1
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.1
2.8
2.6
2.9
2.2
2.2
3.1
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.5
ulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
Cuadro 25

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
Agricultura,
ganadera y otros
do Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador, Panam (hasta 2002), la Repblica
que tienen hasta cuatro empleados. En los casos en que no se dispuso de informacin sobre el tamao
do a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo

marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 25.1
INGRESO MEDIO DE LA POBLACIN MASCULINA URBANA OCUPADA EN SECTORES DE BAJA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO, 1990(En mltiplos de las respectivas lneas de pobreza per cpita)
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trab
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
Argentina d/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
8.5
9.5
7.9
6.9
4.6
5.4
5.7
6.4
9.8
10.8
12.3
19.9
24.2
23.8
20.0
15.9
15.3
16.4
17.8
23.9
26.1
26.2
3.8
5.0
4.0
3.7
2.4
2.8
3.0
3.3
5.4
6.0
7.1
8.9
7.9
6.0
6.5
5.7
4.9
5.6
5.5
9.3
9.7
11.4
3.7
4.7
3.8
3.5
2.1
2.7
2.8
3.2
5.1
5.7
6.8
4.4
4.1
2.7
2.7
1.0
2.4
1.6
1.2
3.0
3.7
3.8
9.0
10.1
8.2
6.9
4.5
6.0
6.3
7.0
10.9
11.9
13.7
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 e/
1994 e/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
5.1
4.1
3.8
3.4
3.1
2.9
3.3
4.5
13.1
8.2
7.3
6.0
5.4
5.6
6.6
8.4
3.0
2.3
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.3
2.8
3.4
5.6
4.3
5.4
5.0
4.4
5.4
3.5
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.1
2.7
3.4
2.3
1.8
1.9
2.3
2.8
1.4
2.2
2.3
5.7
4.0
3.6
3.5
3.1
2.8
3.0
4.4
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
4.3
5.3
4.2
4.1
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.9
4.2
4.1
4.8
12.1
14.5
10.4
11.0
10.1
9.9
10.0
9.4
10.0
11.0
10.9
10.4
12.4
2.4
2.9
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.5
5.1
5.3
5.0
4.4
5.1
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.6
5.0
5.7
5.9
6.4
2.1
2.7
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.7
3.1
1.4
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.9
4.9
4.4
5.6
4.2
4.1
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.8
4.0
3.9
4.9
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
5.2
5.8
7.5
8.2
7.7
8.0
8.4
8.9
8.0
22.7
18.3
24.6
28.8
26.7
28.2
26.4
29.5
27.4
2.9
3.7
3.8
3.7
4.0
3.8
4.4
4.9
4.5
7.3
9.2
10.3
8.6
10.5
10.1
11.0
12.2
9.2
2.6
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.8
4.0
4.0
2.1
2.6
2.7
3.4
3.0
3.8
3.7
3.5
4.3
5.7
5.6
7.5
7.4
6.1
6.8
8.1
9.3
8.2
Colombia f/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2003
1.5
1.8
1.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.8
3.6
3.5
2.4
2.3
2.3
Cuadro 25.1
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trab
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.8
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.8
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.3
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.4
3.0
3.5
3.4
2.9
3.3
2.4
2.4
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.7
5.8
5.0
6.0
5.3
4.6
4.3
4.7
4.9
5.3
5.1
4.4
4.4
6.8
9.9
7.9
10.2
8.7
7.0
6.8
8.5
9.3
10.3
10.4
8.3
11.1
3.7
4.4
3.7
4.2
4.4
4.6
3.8
4.0
3.6
3.9
3.7
4.2
3.5
8.0
7.4
5.7
8.1
7.7
8.2
7.4
6.2
5.1
6.4
6.4
8.5
6.7
3.4
4.0
3.5
3.8
3.9
4.1
3.3
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.4
3.0
1.5
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.9
3.0
2.0
3.1
2.8
3.3
2.7
1.8
2.1
4.6
5.4
4.8
5.6
4.3
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.7
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.7
3.3
3.1
2.9
3.4
3.2
3.3
3.5
4.1
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.9
6.6
5.6
6.4
6.6
6.5
7.4
7.4
11.3
9.4
9.3
10.0
8.2
2.5
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
4.0
5.3
7.9
5.7
3.7
4.6
5.4
4.8
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.6
3.8
2.4
2.0
1.8
1.7
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.7
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.4
2.1
3.0
2.1
2.0
2.9
2.7
3.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
3.0
2.9
2.4
3.4
3.0
3.1
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.2
3.7
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.9
2.8
2.8
7.1
8.6
9.0
8.7
10.8
6.9
7.2
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.2
2.2
3.4
5.1
4.4
4.1
3.5
4.7
4.4
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.0
2.1
1.7
2.8
2.9
2.4
2.8
2.5
2.4
3.4
3.2
3.4
3.9
3.5
2.4
2.5
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
4.0
3.7
3.9
4.7
13.7
11.4
9.0
16.7
2.0
2.5
1.9
1.7
4.9
4.8
3.7
3.9
1.8
2.2
1.8
1.5
2.8
1.5
1.7
0.6
4.5
3.3
3.6
4.4
Honduras
1990
1994
1997
1999
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
9.4
5.1
5.0
4.7
1.8
1.4
1.2
1.2
4.1
2.5
2.2
2.1
1.7
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.8
/
0.9
0.9
2.6
2.4
2.1
2.0
Cuadro 25.1
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trab
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
2002
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
2.0
1.8
1.8
2.1
2.1
1.9
4.5
4.4
4.2
5.7
5.1
5.0
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.6
3.8
3.2
3.3
2.8
2.6
2.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.2
1.4
1.9
2.0
2.3
1.7
1.8
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.6
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
..
4.0
3.9
4.8
4.5
4.3
4.4
4.0
4.4
2.8
13.3
10.4
13.0
11.9
13.5
11.7
10.6
16.0
5.8
1.9
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.1
3.0
5.2
3.8
5.5
5.2
5.0
4.9
3.4
3.3
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.0
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.7
1.7
1.3
6.8
5.3
3.6
4.2
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.7
4.8
4.7
3.2
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
3.6
3.2
2.9
2.6
3.2
9.9
7.1
5.5
5.8
2.7
2.3
2.2
1.8
7.4
5.1
7.9
3.1
2.4
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.3
4.2
0.0
2.2
1.3
4.2
3.3
3.0
2.5
3.2
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.0
4.9
5.2
4.6
5.0
5.8
5.8
6.2
6.7
6.8
6.6
6.7
7.3
10.2
12.8
13.3
12.2
13.9
15.3
15.5
15.0
16.0
18.6
16.1
18.7
18.0
3.7
2.7
3.1
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.9
3.4
3.4
3.7
3.7
4.1
8.4
6.2
5.3
8.4
8.1
8.0
6.9
8.3
7.1
6.2
8.0
7.5
7.3
2.9
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.5
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.5
1.5
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.1
2.5
2.4
2.9
2.0
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.5
4.8
4.9
4.1
4.7
5.4
5.4
6.1
6.8
6.5
6.4
6.4
7.1
Paraguay
1990 g/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.3
3.8
3.5
2.9
3.0
2.6
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.5
3.0
3.5
8.2
8.5
7.0
5.7
6.9
7.4
6.0
6.4
6.3
4.9
6.0
7.8
2.1
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.4
4.8
5.4
4.0
3.1
3.8
3.7
3.2
4.0
2.8
4.4
4.5
3.5
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.3
/
2.2
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.5
1.8
2.6
2.5
4.7
3.1
3.4
2.6
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.9
3.3
Cuadro 25.1
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trab
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.3
2.7
2.7
2.7
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.6
6.9
5.1
6.1
5.9
6.3
6.8
6.6
6.4
7.4
2.7
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.7
5.4
3.1
3.7
3.6
3.8
4.4
4.3
3.3
3.4
2.5
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.7
3.2
2.3
2.1
3.2
2.6
2.5
3.0
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.1
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.0
5.8
6.2
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.9
6.3
6.5
11.6
16.4
15.8
16.6
15.7
15.7
18.5
19.7
14.7
2.5
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.1
2.3
1.8
1.7
4.2
2.9
4.2
3.7
3.7
4.4
3.3
2.5
3.1
2.2
1.5
1.6
1.6
2.0
1.6
2.2
1.7
1.6
2.6
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
2.3
1.4
1.8
3.7
5.2
6.0
6.4
6.2
6.0
6.4
5.9
6.7
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.2
5.0
4.5
4.6
3.1
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.7
9.7
10.9
10.4
11.9
9.0
8.7
8.4
8.5
9.0
9.3
9.3
8.2
2.7
3.3
3.2
3.5
2.9
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.4
7.6
5.9
7.1
5.2
3.2
4.7
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.8
4.7
2.6
3.1
3.1
3.3
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.0
1.5
3.0
1.9
2.8
2.8
2.3
1.4
2.3
2.7
2.9
3.0
3.5
3.7
4.7
4.3
4.3
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.9
Venezuela h/
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.4
4.3
4.6
3.8
3.9
3.7
4.7
4.4
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.6
9.5
7.6
9.9
7.7
9.1
8.7
10.8
8.8
7.4
7.0
7.1
6.5
6.2
2.6
2.2
1.8
2.1
1.8
1.8
2.2
2.6
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.6
3.8
6.4
2.8
4.3
3.4
3.0
3.1
4.4
4.1
4.0
3.6
3.6
3.6
2.5
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.8
1.4
1.2
2.0
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.8
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.4
5.2
4.5
5.0
4.0
4.0
3.8
4.8
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.1
3.9
3.6
Panam (hasta 2002), la Repblica Dominicana, el Uruguay (1990) y la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela se incluyen a los que tienen hasta cuatro emplead
En los casos en que no se dispuso de informacin sobre el tamao de los establecimientos no se proveen cifras para el conjunto de las personas ocupadas en
Cuadro 25.1
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Trab
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
sectores de baja productividad.

f/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados p
Cuadro 25.1
CTORES DE BAJA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO, 1990-2011

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
7.4
8.6
7.5
5.9
3.9
5.3
5.6
6.2
9.9
11.1
13.0
10.0
11.1
8.6
7.6
5.0
6.5
6.8
7.6
12.0
12.9
14.8
4.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
2.2
2.8
2.3
3.3
6.4
4.5
4.5
4.0
4.1
3.0
3.5
5.3
3.8
3.2
4.4
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.3
3.5
3.6
4.4
5.8
5.3
6.7
5.1
4.9
4.1
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.8
4.4
4.6
4.4
5.6
4.4
5.2
6.7
6.5
5.9
6.4
7.8
8.3
7.5
6.4
5.9
7.7
7.9
6.3
7.1
8.4
9.8
8.7
2.5
3.0
2.7
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.9
3.6
3.6
2.5
2.6
2.5
Cuadro 25.1

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
2.1
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.0
4.1
3.9
4.1
4.8
3.9
3.3
3.3
3.0
3.7
3.9
3.5
3.0
2.6
4.8
5.5
5.2
6.0
4.7
3.7
3.9
3.9
4.1
3.9
3.9
4.1
4.2
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.9
2.7
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.0
2.8
3.2
2.9
3.2
3.1
2.5
3.6
3.2
3.2
3.6
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.8
2.4
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.3
2.4
2.5
4.3
3.9
4.2
4.5
3.9
2.8
2.9
4.1
3.1
3.3
4.3
5.9
4.0
4.9
6.4
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.3
2.8
2.7
2.1
2.1
Cuadro 25.1

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
1.7
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.8
2.2
1.6
1.8
2.0
1.8
1.6
5.8
4.2
2.8
3.3
3.9
4.4
4.8
4.8
4.0
4.0
2.9
7.9
5.8
3.9
4.5
6.1
5.8
5.5
5.9
5.1
4.9
3.4
3.9
3.0
2.4
3.0
2.6
5.0
3.7
3.7
2.6
3.6
3.3
4.4
4.6
3.8
4.6
5.8
5.7
6.3
6.5
5.8
5.9
5.6
6.7
3.8
5.2
5.3
4.4
4.9
5.6
5.6
6.3
7.1
7.1
6.9
6.9
7.5
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.4
2.0
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.3
3.6
5.5
3.3
4.0
3.0
2.6
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.2
3.0
3.4
Cuadro 25.1

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
2.7
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.0
2.6
2.7
2.9
2.7
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.4
3.7
5.8
6.6
7.1
6.5
6.5
7.2
6.7
7.4
4.0
5.7
6.7
7.2
7.0
6.9
7.0
6.5
7.5
2.9
3.6
3.4
3.6
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.9
4.1
5.4
4.9
4.9
2.4
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.8
4.9
4.0
4.7
3.9
4.2
4.0
5.0
4.6
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.1
3.8
5.7
4.9
5.6
4.3
4.4
4.3
5.3
5.1
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.2
3.9
e de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador,

a Bolivariana de Venezuela se incluyen a los que tienen hasta cuatro empleados.
ecimientos no se proveen cifras para el conjunto de las personas ocupadas en
Cuadro 25.1

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
ores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo
P) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Cuadro 24.2
INGRESO MEDIO DE LA POBLACIN FEMENINA URBANA OCUPADA EN SECTORES DE BAJA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO, 1990 (En mltiplos de las respectivas lneas de pobreza per cpita)
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Traba
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
Argentina d/
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2009
2010
2011
4.2
5.3
5.0
3.7
2.5
3.1
3.1
3.4
5.1
5.7
6.9
13.2
21.5
21.1
13.4
11.8
14.0
14.1
16.1
19.4
20.4
25.4
3.6
4.2
3.7
3.1
1.9
2.5
2.6
2.9
4.6
5.2
6.1
5.8
5.3
5.1
4.5
3.0
4.3
4.2
4.4
7.3
7.4
8.4
3.5
4.0
3.5
2.9
1.8
2.3
2.4
2.7
4.2
4.8
5.7
2.0
2.8
2.5
2.1
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.6
2.5
2.8
3.4
5.0
6.5
5.2
4.4
2.8
3.9
4.1
4.5
6.7
7.4
9.2
Bolivia
(Estado
Plurinacional de)
1989 e/
1994 e/
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
3.0
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.9
6.1
7.5
6.6
10.1
5.4
6.5
5.2
11.8
2.5
1.7
2.4
2.2
2.1
1.8
1.9
2.1
3.4
2.8
6.3
5.1
2.9
3.7
2.5
2.7
2.3
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.1
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.9
2.0
1.4
1.9
2.6
3.4
2.2
2.4
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.8
2.4
Brasil
1990
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
1.9
2.6
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.8
8.4
12.6
10.0
9.5
8.9
8.4
8.1
7.3
8.5
8.9
9.9
9.8
9.4
2.0
2.5
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.7
3.0
2.7
3.2
2.9
3.2
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.6
4.0
4.0
4.9
4.6
5.0
1.7
2.1
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.8
1.0
1.1
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.3
3.2
2.4
2.4
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.3
2.3
3.1
Chile
1990
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
3.0
3.6
4.0
4.2
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.8
4.4
11.0
18.3
22.0
18.7
14.0
19.5
17.1
22.6
22.5
2.4
2.9
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.1
3.6
3.4
4.0
3.2
4.2
5.9
6.7
7.2
4.9
6.6
5.3
7.0
2.3
2.7
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.3
1.8
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.9
3.0
4.4
4.0
4.6
5.1
4.1
4.2
4.9
5.8
4.7
Colombia f/
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
1.2
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.1
1.6
2.3
2.2
1.4
1.4
Cuadro 24.2
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Traba
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
6.2
6.2
6.6
6.8
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
4.2
3.7
4.1
5.5
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
Costa Rica
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.4
2.9
2.6
2.9
3.2
2.8
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.5
2.5
5.0
6.5
5.3
6.1
9.2
6.7
5.1
5.1
6.7
5.6
6.5
7.3
7.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
3.6
3.5
3.8
3.3
3.7
3.2
2.9
3.2
3.3
2.9
4.5
4.0
3.7
5.6
5.3
5.7
5.8
7.4
5.5
4.4
5.3
6.7
3.6
2.9
2.9
2.8
3.3
3.3
3.5
2.8
3.1
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.7
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.7
2.0
2.2
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.9
2.4
2.6
2.3
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.2
1.9
1.9
Ecuador
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.7
2.2
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
4.2
4.4
4.9
4.7
5.3
4.4
5.1
5.1
8.6
6.4
7.3
6.3
7.2
2.0
1.7
1.9
1.6
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.3
2.8
1.9
2.9
2.2
2.9
2.8
4.3
4.3
2.8
3.3
3.1
3.6
3.3
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.5
2.1
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.2
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.5
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.6
2.1
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.1
1.9
El Salvador
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
1.9
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.2
5.6
6.3
7.7
7.0
5.6
6.1
5.6
1.6
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.9
6.4
4.3
3.6
3.0
3.5
3.1
1.5
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.8
0.9
1.9
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.1
2.1
Guatemala
1989
1998
2002
2006
2.2
1.8
2.2
2.5
11.1
6.5
5.2
9.4
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.4
2.6
3.1
3.8
2.0
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.3
2.5
1.6
2.2
2.5
Honduras
1990
1994
1.1
1.2
4.0
3.5
1.4
1.3
3.5
2.6
1.2
1.1
0.8
0.6
1.1
1.3
Cuadro 24.2
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Traba
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
1997
1999
2002
2003
2006
2007
2010
2010
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
3.5
3.5
4.0
3.7
3.1
4.1
3.2
3.3
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.9
2.0
2.5
3.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.0
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.5
0.5
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
Mxico
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
2010
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.8
6.6
10.6
9.9
9.9
9.5
9.8
8.5
7.4
3.8
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.1
1.8
2.0
1.7
1.6
2.5
2.8
2.7
4.0
3.5
2.8
3.7
2.7
3.0
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
2.9
2.3
1.7
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.3
2.1
2.1
1.6
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
2.8
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.2
7.0
6.0
8.0
7.0
2.5
2.3
2.0
1.7
2.8
5.4
3.5
3.0
2.3
1.7
1.8
1.6
2.1
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.9
3.3
2.2
2.1
1.7
2.2
Panam
1991
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.6
3.4
4.0
10.6
9.5
9.8
9.0
12.6
8.5
10.6
11.4
13.1
12.8
23.2
13.1
15.8
3.3
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.3
3.6
3.3
3.4
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.9
4.0
6.5
5.8
5.8
7.0
5.6
6.6
5.7
5.2
5.6
6.9
5.6
5.9
6.2
2.8
2.5
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.0
1.3
1.2
1.4
2.1
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.9
3.0
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.2
3.1
2.9
3.1
3.9
Paraguay
1990 g/
1994
1996
1999
2001
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2.1
2.3
2.0
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.7
8.2
8.0
6.1
5.0
5.6
5.2
4.0
6.2
6.4
5.0
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
3.1
4.0
2.8
3.2
2.6
2.8
3.7
2.7
3.3
3.1
1.5
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
0.8
1.2
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
2.9
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.4
Cuadro 24.2
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Traba
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
2010
2011
2.0
2.1
6.3
6.5
2.2
2.1
3.5
2.8
2.0
1.9
1.5
1.3
1.8
2.0
Per
1997
1999
2001
2003
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
5.1
3.2
4.6
6.8
6.0
5.1
5.6
5.7
5.4
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.7
2.3
2.7
2.8
3.0
2.7
3.4
2.5
2.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.9
2.4
2.9
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.3
1.7
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.9
Repblica
Dominicana
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.5
2.9
3.2
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.6
2.7
10.8
12.0
10.7
16.5
14.5
12.8
11.5
16.2
11.4
2.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.5
5.3
2.5
2.3
3.0
2.1
2.7
3.3
3.7
1.7
2.2
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
2.4
3.3
4.0
4.1
4.4
4.3
4.5
3.9
3.2
Uruguay
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.9
2.5
2.5
2.8
2.1
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.2
6.3
9.3
7.2
10.2
7.9
6.2
6.6
6.2
7.0
6.4
6.4
6.6
1.9
2.5
2.5
2.8
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.6
4.2
3.4
3.2
3.5
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.3
1.7
2.5
2.5
2.7
2.2
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.1
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.0
2.7
2.8
2.9
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
Venezuela h/
(Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
1994
1997
1999
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.8
2.5
2.8
2.4
2.5
2.4
3.0
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.3
9.8
6.7
8.3
6.7
8.1
7.6
9.0
8.6
6.4
6.3
6.1
5.6
5.3
1.8
2.1
1.7
2.0
1.7
1.7
2.0
2.3
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.4
3.1
5.6
3.0
3.7
2.3
2.6
2.3
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.2
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.9
1.7
1.6
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.3
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
3.1
2.7
3.2
2.5
2.6
2.5
3.1
2.8
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.2
Cuadro 24.2
Pas
Ao
Total
Microempresas a/
Empleadores
Empleo
domstico
Traba
Asalariados
Total
Profesionales
y tcnicos
No profesionales
ni tcnicos
Total
c/
Panam (hasta 2002), la Repblica Dominicana, el Uruguay (1990) y la Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela se incluyen a los que tienen hasta cuatro emplead
En los casos en que no se dispuso de informacin sobre el tamao de los establecimientos no se proveen cifras para el conjunto de las personas ocupadas en
sectores de baja productividad.
f/ A partir de 2002, las cifras de ingresos no son comparables con las de aos anteriores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados p
Cuadro 24.2
CTORES DE BAJA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO, 1990 - 2011

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
6.5
4.9
4.3
4.1
2.2
3.1
3.3
3.5
6.1
5.7
8.0
4.6
6.6
5.3
4.5
2.9
4.1
4.3
4.7
6.8
7.8
9.4
3.4
2.2
1.9
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
3.4
2.2
2.5
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.7
1.6
1.9
2.5
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.5
2.3
2.4
3.2
2.5
2.5
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.3
3.1
3.6
3.7
4.3
3.8
3.5
4.0
4.6
4.6
4.9
4.1
5.0
5.4
4.2
4.4
5.2
6.1
4.8
1.4
2.1
2.0
1.2
1.3
1.6
2.3
2.2
1.5
1.4
Cuadro 24.2

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
2.0
1.8
2.3
2.1
2.7
2.1
1.6
1.6
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.3
1.1
2.6
3.5
2.4
2.7
2.2
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.3
2.0
2.2
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.0
1.8
1.3
1.7
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.0
1.7
2.2
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.0
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.6
2.0
2.1
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.1
2.2
1.9
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.8
1.8
2.4
2.8
0.8
0.8
1.2
1.5
Cuadro 24.2

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.7
0.8
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.1
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
2.3
1.6
1.2
2.0
1.7
2.3
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.0
3.2
2.6
1.9
2.2
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.2
2.2
1.7
3.1
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.7
3.3
2.2
2.2
1.8
2.3
1.4
2.4
2.5
1.9
2.3
2.1
2.7
3.3
2.8
1.7
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.4
3.0
3.1
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.0
3.3
4.2
1.9
1.3
1.6
1.7
1.2
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.2
3.2
2.4
2.3
2.0
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.6
Cuadro 24.2

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
1.3
1.5
1.9
2.1
1.0
0.8
0.9
1.2
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.8
1.6
2.0
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.7
3.2
4.3
4.2
4.1
3.3
5.6
2.6
3.6
2.4
3.3
4.1
4.1
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.1
3.2
1.4
1.7
1.8
2.0
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.3
3.2
3.1
3.2
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.8
2.5
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.1
1.9
3.2
2.7
3.3
2.6
2.6
2.6
3.2
2.9
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.3
se de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
Cuadro 24.2

no calificados b/
Industria y
construccin
Comercio y
servicios
del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (1999 y 2002), Chile (1996), El Salvador,

a Bolivariana de Venezuela se incluyen a los que tienen hasta cuatro empleados.
ecimientos no se proveen cifras para el conjunto de las personas ocupadas en
iores debido a la aplicacin de nuevos criterios metodolgicos desarrollados por el Departamento Administrativo
P) en el marco de la Misin para el empalme de las series de empleo, pobreza y desigualdad (MESEP).
Indicadores de educacin
Cuadro 26
POBLACIN DE 15 A 24 AOS, SEGN AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
Ao
0 a 5 aos
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2004
2006
2009
2010
2011
7.6
3.3
3.9
2.5
2.9
2.8
1.5
4.8
4.6
4.8
40.6
35.2
34.0
39.9
29.9
26.2
23.5
Bolivia
(Estado Plurinacional de)
1997
2002
2004
2007
2009
11.9
8.8
8.6
5.0
4.4
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
Chile
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos 10 a 12 aos 13 aos y ms
13 aos y ms
0 a 5 aos
41.5
44.5
47.5
42.0
42.3
45.5
49.0
15.0
18.2
18.9
15.5
17.4
15.6
16.6
23.0
23.7
22.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
31.1
29.5
31.3
22.4
26.0
44.4
45.8
43.8
50.1
48.6
12.6
15.9
16.3
22.4
21.0
48.3
44.3
27.2
16.3
19.1
34.9
34.1
39.3
37.6
37.1
15.3
20.5
31.0
40.3
40.3
1.5
1.2
2.6
5.9
3.4
48.2
41.0
40.7
27.0
23.1
18.2
13.6
11.4
10.2
11.1
34.6
37.5
38.9
42.7
41.1
40.8
39.0
38.4
38.1
37.0
14.1
18.2
17.6
26.7
31.6
35.9
41.0
43.0
43.7
43.4
3.1
3.3
2.8
3.7
4.1
5.1
6.4
7.2
7.9
8.5
86.8
79.0
77.9
62.8
58.6
48.2
39.2
31.4
28.6
27.8
9.7
16.9
17.4
27.2
30.7
37.9
41.3
44.1
44.1
44.1
1.9
3.7
4.3
9.5
10.3
13.2
18.7
23.2
25.7
26.5
1.6
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.7
0.7
1.4
1.5
1.6
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
5.7
4.2
2.6
1.6
1.3
1.3
0.9
33.2
31.3
29.9
28.3
26.5
24.2
22.4
45.4
46.4
51.1
51.8
53.0
53.2
53.1
15.8
18.1
16.5
18.4
19.2
21.4
23.6
16.6
14.3
8.4
5.4
3.3
2.8
2.1
57.1
54.8
49.8
45.4
38.3
32.7
30.1
22.4
26.2
37.1
44.2
51.8
55.0
55.8
3.9
4.8
4.6
5.1
6.5
9.4
12.0
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
31.2
19.6
21.8
17.7
14.6
13.5
10.9
9.1
8.4
7.9
40.9
40.4
37.9
37.9
32.4
29.5
28.2
39.2
28.8
28.3
21.1
31.0
29.7
35.9
43.2
37.1
37.8
31.2
47.8
47.8
6.8
9.0
10.6
8.4
9.8
19.9
23.2
20.6
15.0
16.0
...
...
60.1
55.8
46.2
...
37.3
33.5
30.9
...
...
25.7
29.5
30.7
...
43.7
35.7
36.7
...
...
13.6
14.0
21.8
...
16.6
28.7
29.6
...
...
0.5
0.7
1.3
...
2.5
2.1
2.8
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.3
9.1
8.6
8.5
7.3
5.6
5.0
4.1
3.9
3.3
50.5
50.1
49.6
50.8
49.4
48.8
46.4
47.1
48.4
47.5
33.9
29.8
30.9
28.3
30.4
31.8
34.3
33.8
34.8
35.5
8.2
10.9
10.9
12.4
12.8
13.8
14.3
15.0
12.9
13.8
19.8
20.0
21.2
18.5
19.1
14.3
11.5
10.7
10.1
8.7
64.7
64.5
64.3
61.9
61.4
60.0
60.3
57.9
56.7
57.4
13.8
13.6
12.3
15.9
15.5
20.2
21.6
24.8
27.6
27.7
1.7
2.0
2.2
3.7
4.0
5.5
6.5
6.6
5.6
6.2
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
1.4
0.8
0.6
0.8
36.2
24.1
21.4
21.9
39.3
51.6
52.4
51.5
23.1
23.5
25.6
25.8
3.9
1.9
1.7
1.7
54.1
33.1
29.6
30.3
29.8
50.6
52.5
51.7
12.2
14.4
16.2
16.3
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.8
4.8
6.0
6.5
4.0
4.0
3.4
2.9
2.1
45.9
42.3
41.0
39.4
35.6
31.4
30.4
28.8
27.8
37.0
39.5
39.5
37.6
42.3
43.6
43.5
45.8
46.9
11.4
13.4
13.6
16.5
18.1
21.0
22.7
22.4
23.3
...
...
...
...
11.4
9.9
9.2
8.1
7.8
...
...
...
...
58.9
54.7
51.6
51.7
45.8
...
...
...
...
25.6
30.1
33.1
33.8
39.4
...
...
...
...
4.1
5.2
6.1
6.4
7.0
El Salvador
1995
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
20.6
15.6
13.8
14.8
11.5
10.5
41.4
38.7
39.5
40.5
40.4
40.7
28.8
33.5
33.7
32.4
34.5
34.8
9.2
12.2
13.0
12.3
13.6
13.9
60.4
49.7
43.9
38.9
31.9
28.8
31.2
38.5
41.8
44.9
46.9
49.5
7.3
10.0
12.3
14.8
18.8
19.1
1.1
1.9
2.0
1.4
2.4
2.6
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
33.9
25.3
25.0
23.0
19.2
42.6
43.5
43.2
46.4
48.1
19.2
24.3
24.8
25.3
27.2
4.3
6.9
7.0
5.4
5.5
75.9
67.3
58.4
55.2
44.1
21.8
29.1
35.5
37.4
45.2
2.1
3.4
5.9
7.1
10.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.6
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
24.1
20.5
16.3
16.1
12.5
11.2
7.4
55.7
56.1
57.7
52.4
51.5
50.2
44.6
15.3
17.3
19.9
23.8
28.2
29.7
38.6
5.0
6.0
6.2
7.7
7.8
8.9
9.4
57.6
45.9
45.5
45.4
37.3
32.6
27.2
39.8
49.3
49.1
49.9
54.2
56.2
58.7
2.3
4.4
5.2
4.1
7.8
10.5
13.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
Mxico a/
1989
1994
1998
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
8.3
7.5
6.0
6.3
4.5
3.5
3.3
3.1
60.5
57.5
55.2
42.2
46.6
45.2
43.2
42.3
22.1
24.4
24.3
37.2
32.2
34.1
35.7
36.2
9.1
10.6
12.3
14.3
16.7
17.2
17.7
18.4
31.4
25.8
21.6
15.2
14.1
11.5
9.5
8.5
59.2
65.1
62.3
59.7
56.8
57.6
58.3
56.4
7.7
8.0
12.7
20.2
23.1
27.0
26.3
27.3
1.7
1.1
3.0
4.9
6.0
3.9
5.9
7.8
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
24.6
21.7
19.8
14.7
14.1
53.8
50.5
46.4
46.4
44.1
19.5
22.2
26.1
29.9
30.2
2.1
5.5
7.7
9.0
11.6
68.9
61.2
60.5
49.3
42.1
26.5
32.6
33.2
39.5
43.5
4.3
5.3
5.5
9.9
12.6
0.3
0.9
0.7
1.3
1.8
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.3
6.3
5.0
3.9
3.5
2.3
1.5
1.9
1.9
1.9
49.1
42.7
45.9
40.8
38.6
33.8
33.2
33.3
33.4
32.9
35.5
39.5
36.4
39.1
41.8
43.7
46.2
45.7
46.1
47.5
9.1
11.5
12.6
16.2
16.1
20.2
19.0
19.1
18.6
17.7
20.5
15.6
16.4
12.9
20.2
14.1
12.5
10.6
11.6
10.7
61.3
57.3
56.3
55.4
53.6
52.9
52.6
49.8
49.5
51.8
16.2
23.6
23.3
26.3
21.2
27.3
29.1
32.4
31.5
30.0
1.9
3.5
4.0
5.4
5.1
5.7
5.9
7.3
7.4
7.5
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
1997
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
10.6
7.3
7.9
6.2
7.3
3.6
4.0
3.9
5.0
2.5
50.9
46.7
49.0
48.1
39.0
38.8
34.4
28.1
33.5
27.2
31.1
36.8
34.8
37.1
40.7
45.2
48.0
53.3
47.8
49.5
7.5
9.3
8.3
8.6
12.9
12.4
13.6
14.6
13.8
20.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Per
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.4
5.6
3.9
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.5
32.9
31.6
25.8
21.7
21.6
21.8
20.6
49.6
44.0
47.8
48.0
46.6
46.0
45.8
14.1
18.8
22.5
27.3
28.8
29.8
31.1
25.1
22.1
19.9
13.4
11.7
10.8
10.1
49.0
48.7
47.5
43.2
42.5
42.4
41.4
22.7
23.5
26.5
35.1
36.8
37.5
39.0
3.2
5.7
6.1
8.3
9.0
9.3
9.5
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
13.1
11.7
10.1
9.4
8.6
8.5
7.5
35.5
35.1
33.7
28.1
30.2
27.7
28.9
37.1
37.3
40.4
43.7
44.2
45.5
45.4
14.3
15.9
15.8
18.8
17.0
18.2
18.3
37.4
31.3
20.4
19.9
17.8
17.6
16.4
38.7
41.6
39.3
35.1
38.4
35.6
34.6
20.4
23.4
34.3
38.1
36.7
38.9
40.5
3.5
3.7
6.0
7.0
7.2
7.9
8.6
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.4
3.7
3.5
2.8
3.3
3.2
3.4
2.7
3.0
2.4
55.5
52.6
51.1
48.6
47.4
45.5
47.8
48.8
49.7
47.9
31.8
35.4
37.6
39.4
35.5
36.7
35.3
35.0
34.2
33.9
5.3
8.3
7.8
9.2
13.8
14.6
13.5
13.5
13.1
15.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
62.0
63.1
58.5
57.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
27.1
26.8
30.1
28.4
...
...
...
...
...
...
7.7
7.2
8.4
11.0
Venezuela d/
(Repblica Bolivariana de)
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
13.5
10.3
10.2
10.7
9.9
7.7
6.5
5.9
5.3
58.5
56.5
48.2
48.2
46.3
38.3
34.5
31.2
29.5
20.4
23.6
28.8
27.3
29.0
34.0
34.5
35.7
36.8
7.7
9.6
12.8
13.8
14.8
20.0
24.5
27.2
28.3
46.1
39.0
38.2
...
...
...
...
...
...
46.4
51.3
48.4
...
...
...
...
...
...
6.8
8.5
10.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.7
1.2
2.5
...
...
...
...
...
...
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
77.3
78.6
77.2
Fuente: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos pases.
a/ A partir de 1996 en Mxico y de 1997 en la Argentina, se dispuso de antecedentes que permiten calcular el nmero de aos de estudio.
Las cifras anteriores corresponden a estimaciones a partir de las categoras primaria incompleta, primaria completa,
secundaria incompleta, secundaria completa, y superior.
b/ A partir de 1993, se ampli la cobertura geogrfica de la encuesta hasta abarcar prcticamente la totalidad de la poblacin urbana del pas.
Hasta 1992, la encuesta cubra alrededor de la mitad de dicha poblacin, con la nica excepcin de 1991, ao en que se realiz
una encuesta de carcter nacional. Por lo tanto, las cifras de 1980 y 1990 se refieren solo a ocho ciudades principales.
c/ Cifras de la Oficina Nacional de Estadstica e Informacin , (ONEI) de Cuba, a partir del Censo de Poblacin y Viviendas 2002 y de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacin 2006-2009.
d/ A partir de 1997 el diseo muestral de la encuesta no permite desglosar la informacin en zonas urbanas y rurales. Por lo tanto, las cifras corresponden al total nacional.
Cuadro 26.1
POBLACIN MASCULINA DE 15 A 24 AOS, SEGN AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
Ao
0 a 5 aos
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2004
2006
2009
2010
2011
7.6
3.1
4.8
2.5
3.7
3.6
1.7
5.7
5.5
6.1
46.0
39.2
35.8
43.1
32.7
28.9
26.4
Bolivia
1997
2002
2004
2007
2009
9.2
6.8
5.6
4.3
3.8
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
Chile
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
0 a 5 aos
39.9
41.6
47.8
41.6
43.2
47.4
49.8
13.5
15.3
15.0
11.7
15.4
12.7
13.5
18.4
18.2
17.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
31.3
29.1
31.6
21.9
25.6
46.6
48.6
46.3
52.6
51.1
12.9
15.5
16.5
21.2
19.6
40.0
37.5
20.9
15.1
13.9
39.1
36.1
40.2
33.6
35.7
19.8
24.9
35.1
44.7
48.3
1.1
1.5
3.8
6.7
2.1
49.2
44.4
44.8
30.7
26.2
21.1
16.3
14.1
12.7
13.9
34.6
37.0
37.4
42.9
42.3
42.0
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.2
13.1
15.8
15.5
23.4
28.3
32.7
37.8
39.9
40.9
40.0
3.1
2.9
2.2
3.0
3.2
4.1
5.4
5.8
6.7
7.0
87.0
81.7
81.0
68.1
63.0
53.2
44.2
37.1
34.4
33.8
9.5
15.6
15.6
23.7
28.1
35.3
39.6
41.8
42.9
43.5
1.6
2.6
3.2
7.8
8.5
11.1
15.6
20.2
21.6
22.0
2.0
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.9
1.0
0.7
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
6.1
4.6
2.7
2.0
1.6
1.5
1.2
33.7
32.3
30.8
29.3
27.6
25.4
24.2
45.4
45.5
49.6
50.9
52.3
52.6
52.7
14.8
17.7
16.8
17.9
18.5
20.5
21.9
18.7
16.2
9.5
6.2
3.7
3.2
2.9
57.6
55.5
52.7
46.5
40.4
35.8
34.0
20.5
24.2
34.3
43.3
50.9
53.1
53.3
3.1
4.2
3.5
3.9
5.1
8.0
9.8
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
29.5
18.2
22.1
18.1
15.0
14.3
12.0
10.4
9.9
9.2
42.7
42.5
39.8
39.0
34.0
30.8
30.1
41.3
31.0
30.7
21.3
30.7
28.4
35.1
42.2
36.1
36.1
29.6
46.0
46.1
6.6
8.6
9.7
7.8
8.9
18.8
21.8
18.7
13.1
14.0
...
...
64.3
60.3
50.2
...
...
39.7
37.6
34.7
...
...
23.5
28.3
29.7
...
...
43.6
34.7
36.6
...
...
11.6
10.9
19.1
...
...
14.9
25.7
26.6
...
...
0.5
0.5
1.0
...
...
1.9
2.0
2.2
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.8
10.5
9.4
9.5
8.0
6.4
4.8
4.3
4.1
4.0
52.4
50.1
47.9
52.0
50.5
51.8
50.0
49.8
50.9
51.7
31.6
28.6
31.5
26.8
29.8
29.9
32.8
32.5
33.9
32.3
8.2
10.8
11.2
11.6
11.7
11.9
12.3
13.4
11.1
12.1
19.6
22.3
22.4
19.3
20.9
15.8
12.2
12.0
11.0
9.5
65.8
63.7
64.7
63.3
61.9
60.8
63.0
60.7
60.2
61.4
12.7
12.2
11.0
13.6
13.4
18.7
19.5
22.4
24.2
24.4
1.9
1.8
1.9
3.7
3.7
4.7
5.3
5.0
4.6
4.7
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
1.8
1.0
0.8
0.9
40.0
27.1
24.2
24.7
36.5
50.8
52.1
51.5
21.7
21.1
22.9
22.9
4.8
2.7
1.9
2.0
59.0
34.8
32.1
32.4
24.0
49.2
51.9
51.1
12.2
13.3
14.1
14.5
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.7
4.9
6.0
7.1
3.5
4.1
3.5
2.9
2.4
48.9
42.9
43.7
40.5
37.4
33.0
33.0
31.2
28.6
33.9
39.9
39.2
37.2
42.9
44.4
42.5
45.7
49.2
10.6
12.3
11.0
15.2
16.2
18.5
20.9
20.3
19.8
...
...
...
...
11.5
10.5
10.1
9.3
8.8
...
...
...
...
59.4
55.6
52.8
51.5
47.7
...
...
...
...
25.5
30.2
32.5
34.6
38.1
...
...
...
...
3.5
3.7
4.7
4.5
5.3
El Salvador
1995
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
20.7
16.0
13.0
15.0
12.1
10.9
43.5
38.7
41.6
39.9
42.7
42.0
26.7
32.8
33.4
32.9
33.0
34.5
9.1
12.4
11.9
12.1
12.1
12.6
61.1
48.6
42.4
38.9
33.8
29.2
31.5
40.6
43.6
45.8
47.3
50.6
6.7
9.0
12.0
14.2
17.3
17.9
0.7
1.8
2.0
1.2
1.6
2.2
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
27.6
24.3
19.9
19.7
17.6
47.5
45.8
46.9
49.3
50.6
18.6
21.8
26.2
25.8
27.2
6.2
8.1
6.9
5.2
4.7
70.8
61.1
52.0
47.8
36.1
26.5
34.8
41.4
43.5
51.7
2.5
3.9
6.3
8.4
11.9
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.4
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
23.8
21.4
17.7
18.1
13.7
12.5
8.4
57.3
56.2
58.8
53.4
53.2
51.9
48.9
14.6
15.9
18.5
21.5
25.5
27.4
34.1
4.3
6.5
5.0
7.0
7.6
8.2
8.6
60.2
48.2
46.7
48.6
41.9
35.1
29.4
38.2
47.9
49.0
47.4
51.8
55.6
59.5
1.6
3.5
4.2
3.6
5.7
8.8
10.5
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
Mxico a/
1989
1994
1998
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
7.6
7.1
6.2
5.3
4.9
3.7
3.6
3.7
58.1
56.1
55.5
44.3
47.5
47.2
45.4
44.0
23.8
25.2
25.3
35.9
32.1
32.9
34.1
35.1
10.5
11.5
12.4
14.5
15.5
16.1
16.9
17.2
31.4
27.4
19.9
14.9
14.4
11.3
10.3
9.6
58.6
63.5
62.6
61.2
58.3
58.4
59.8
57.9
8.4
7.9
13.6
19.7
21.1
25.7
24.1
26.1
1.5
1.2
3.4
4.3
6.2
4.6
5.8
6.3
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
26.0
24.0
23.5
17.2
17.1
54.2
50.7
49.0
49.5
46.4
17.7
20.6
21.3
26.0
26.9
2.1
4.7
6.2
7.4
9.6
72.1
65.7
64.2
53.7
46.6
23.3
30.1
30.7
36.7
41.0
4.4
3.5
4.7
8.4
11.1
0.2
0.8
0.4
1.2
1.4
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.5
7.2
5.6
4.3
4.1
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
52.6
47.1
49.5
43.9
42.3
38.0
37.2
36.9
38.2
37.0
32.3
36.0
34.8
37.9
40.0
42.3
46.6
45.5
43.6
47.2
8.6
9.7
10.1
13.8
13.6
17.3
14.0
15.3
15.8
13.3
20.3
17.8
18.2
14.8
19.0
13.3
10.7
9.9
10.2
10.2
63.5
58.2
59.1
59.4
58.1
54.9
57.2
54.1
55.0
55.0
14.6
21.2
19.9
21.9
19.5
27.0
28.3
30.6
30.1
29.9
1.6
2.8
2.8
3.9
3.4
4.8
3.8
5.4
4.7
4.9
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
1997
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.7
5.6
7.4
5.3
6.5
3.4
4.2
3.2
5.3
2.8
52.3
46.6
47.5
45.8
41.9
39.1
34.7
32.1
33.4
24.9
31.2
38.8
37.2
40.1
40.3
46.5
50.6
53.8
49.5
54.0
8.8
9.1
7.8
8.7
11.3
11.0
10.5
10.8
11.8
18.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Per
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.1
4.4
3.5
2.8
2.8
2.3
2.2
33.3
31.5
26.7
22.1
22.6
22.3
21.4
50.0
46.5
49.1
48.8
47.9
47.5
46.7
13.7
17.6
20.8
26.3
26.6
28.0
29.7
20.3
16.9
14.4
10.0
8.9
8.7
8.4
50.6
51.9
48.7
43.2
42.5
41.3
41.6
27.5
26.2
31.4
37.6
39.4
41.0
40.5
1.6
5.0
5.5
9.1
9.3
9.0
9.6
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
15.6
14.1
12.7
12.3
11.5
11.2
9.9
39.4
36.9
37.6
32.0
34.6
31.0
31.7
33.9
35.6
37.9
41.7
41.4
44.4
46.6
11.0
13.3
11.7
14.1
12.5
13.4
11.9
41.9
36.0
24.8
24.4
21.7
22.0
21.3
38.1
44.1
41.6
37.3
39.8
39.8
37.2
17.3
17.7
29.1
35.0
34.1
33.5
35.2
2.8
2.2
4.4
3.3
4.4
4.6
6.3
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.8
4.0
4.1
3.3
4.0
4.0
4.1
3.3
3.8
3.0
57.4
57.3
56.5
55.4
52.4
48.9
52.4
53.8
53.9
52.4
28.7
31.8
33.2
34.2
32.8
34.6
32.9
32.3
31.8
32.2
5.1
6.9
6.2
7.2
10.7
12.4
10.5
10.6
10.6
12.4
...
...
...
...
...
...
4.2
3.9
4.2
4.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
67.3
68.3
62.6
62.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
22.9
21.9
26.6
25.2
...
...
...
...
...
...
5.5
5.9
6.6
8.2
Venezuela d/
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
15.3
11.9
12.2
13.5
12.3
10.0
8.5
7.8
7.0
59.0
58.4
51.0
51.4
49.8
42.2
38.8
35.2
32.4
18.6
21.1
26.0
24.7
26.2
31.9
33.3
35.2
37.1
7.1
8.6
10.8
10.4
11.7
15.9
19.4
21.9
23.5
49.0
44.4
43.5
...
...
...
...
...
...
44.5
48.8
45.2
...
...
...
...
...
...
6.0
6.0
9.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.5
0.8
1.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
78.9
81.6
80.1
13 aos y ms
Cuadro 26.2
POBLACIN FEMENINA DE 15 A 24 AOS, SEGN AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
Ao
0 a 5 aos
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2004
2006
2009
2010
2011
7.7
3.4
3.0
2.4
2.1
2.1
1.3
3.9
3.7
3.5
35.4
31.4
32.2
37.0
27.1
23.4
20.6
Bolivia
1997
2002
2004
2007
2009
14.5
10.5
11.4
5.7
4.9
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
Chile
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
0 a 5 aos
43.0
47.3
47.3
42.3
41.4
43.6
48.2
16.5
21.3
22.9
19.1
19.2
18.5
19.5
27.6
29.2
27.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
30.9
29.9
31.1
22.9
26.5
42.3
43.4
41.5
47.8
46.2
12.4
16.3
16.0
23.6
22.4
56.9
52.0
33.6
17.3
23.9
30.5
31.7
38.3
41.4
38.4
10.8
15.4
26.7
36.1
33.1
1.8
0.8
1.4
5.1
4.6
47.3
37.9
36.8
23.4
20.2
15.4
11.0
8.7
7.8
8.3
34.5
38.0
40.3
42.4
40.0
39.6
37.5
36.6
36.6
34.9
15.0
20.4
19.5
29.9
34.7
39.0
44.2
46.3
46.5
46.9
3.2
3.7
3.4
4.3
5.0
6.0
7.4
8.5
9.1
10.0
86.6
76.1
74.3
56.7
53.5
42.4
33.6
24.8
22.1
21.0
9.9
18.5
19.5
31.1
33.8
40.9
43.3
46.6
45.5
44.9
2.2
5.0
5.7
11.5
12.2
15.7
22.3
26.7
30.3
31.7
1.3
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.9
0.8
1.9
2.0
2.5
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
5.3
3.9
2.4
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.5
32.7
30.4
28.9
27.2
25.4
22.9
20.5
45.3
47.2
52.6
52.7
53.7
53.7
53.6
16.7
18.5
16.1
19.0
19.8
22.3
25.4
14.3
12.4
7.3
4.5
3.0
2.5
1.2
56.5
54.1
46.8
44.0
36.1
29.8
26.1
24.5
28.2
40.2
45.2
52.9
57.0
58.4
4.8
5.4
5.7
6.3
8.0
10.8
14.2
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
32.5
20.8
21.5
17.4
14.3
12.9
9.8
7.8
7.0
6.6
39.5
38.7
36.3
37.1
31.1
28.3
26.5
37.1
26.6
26.0
21.0
31.2
30.8
36.6
44.0
38.0
39.3
32.7
49.5
49.5
7.0
9.3
11.4
8.9
10.6
20.8
24.4
22.5
17.0
18.0
...
...
55.9
50.9
41.8
...
34.7
29.2
26.7
...
...
28.0
30.8
31.8
...
43.8
36.7
36.9
...
...
15.6
17.4
24.8
...
18.4
31.9
32.9
...
...
0.5
0.8
1.7
...
3.1
2.3
3.5
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.9
7.7
7.7
7.5
6.6
4.8
5.2
3.9
3.7
2.6
48.7
50.1
51.4
49.7
48.2
45.8
42.7
44.3
45.9
43.3
36.2
31.1
30.3
29.7
31.1
33.7
35.8
35.1
35.7
38.6
8.2
11.1
10.6
13.1
14.0
15.7
16.3
16.7
14.7
15.5
19.9
17.4
19.8
17.8
17.2
12.8
10.8
9.3
9.2
7.8
63.7
65.4
63.9
60.5
60.8
59.1
57.4
54.9
52.8
53.1
14.8
15.0
13.8
18.1
17.8
21.7
23.9
27.6
31.3
31.3
1.6
2.2
2.5
3.6
4.2
6.4
7.9
8.2
6.7
7.7
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
1.0
0.5
0.4
0.6
32.4
20.9
18.5
19.0
42.1
52.5
52.8
51.5
24.5
26.1
28.3
28.9
2.8
1.1
1.4
1.3
55.2
31.3
26.6
28.1
29.8
52.2
53.3
52.5
12.1
15.4
18.7
18.1
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
5.0
4.8
5.9
5.9
4.5
3.8
3.2
3.0
1.8
43.1
41.8
38.3
38.3
33.8
29.9
27.8
26.4
26.9
39.8
39.2
39.8
38.0
41.7
42.7
44.5
45.9
44.6
12.1
14.3
16.0
17.8
20.0
23.5
24.5
24.7
26.7
...
...
...
...
11.3
9.4
8.3
6.6
6.7
...
...
...
...
58.3
53.7
50.3
51.9
43.6
...
...
...
...
25.6
30.0
33.8
32.8
40.8
...
...
...
...
4.7
6.9
7.7
8.7
8.9
El Salvador
1995
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
20.5
15.3
14.6
14.6
11.0
10.2
39.6
38.7
37.6
41.1
38.2
39.5
30.6
34.1
33.9
31.9
35.9
35.1
9.3
12.0
13.9
12.4
14.9
15.2
59.7
50.8
45.5
38.9
30.0
28.4
30.9
36.4
40.0
44.0
46.6
48.4
7.8
11.0
12.6
15.4
20.3
20.3
1.5
1.9
1.9
1.6
3.2
2.9
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
38.9
26.2
29.8
26.0
20.7
38.7
41.5
39.7
43.7
45.9
19.6
26.6
23.4
24.8
27.2
2.8
5.8
7.1
5.5
6.3
80.8
73.2
64.2
61.4
52.2
17.4
23.7
30.1
32.3
38.8
1.7
2.8
5.6
6.1
8.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.7
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
24.2
19.8
15.2
14.3
11.5
10.1
6.5
54.4
56.0
56.7
51.6
50.2
48.6
40.6
15.9
18.5
21.1
25.7
30.5
31.6
42.9
5.5
5.6
7.1
8.3
7.9
9.6
10.1
55.0
43.4
44.2
42.0
32.6
30.1
24.7
41.5
50.8
49.2
52.6
56.7
56.7
57.9
3.1
5.3
6.3
4.8
10.0
12.1
16.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.7
1.1
1.0
Mxico a/
1989
1994
1998
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
8.9
7.8
5.8
7.3
4.1
3.2
3.1
2.5
62.7
58.8
54.9
40.0
45.7
43.2
41.0
40.4
20.5
23.6
23.4
38.5
32.3
35.3
37.4
37.3
7.8
9.8
12.3
14.2
17.9
18.3
18.5
19.8
31.4
24.3
23.2
15.5
13.9
11.7
8.8
7.5
59.8
66.7
62.0
58.3
55.4
56.9
56.8
54.8
6.9
8.1
11.7
20.6
24.9
28.2
28.3
28.4
1.9
0.9
2.6
5.6
5.8
3.2
6.1
9.3
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
23.4
19.7
16.4
12.3
11.3
53.4
50.3
44.0
43.4
41.9
21.1
23.7
30.5
33.7
33.3
2.1
6.3
9.1
10.6
13.5
65.7
56.4
56.4
43.8
37.1
29.8
35.4
36.0
43.0
46.4
4.3
7.2
6.5
11.7
14.3
0.3
1.0
1.0
1.5
2.2
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.1
5.4
4.5
3.5
3.0
2.1
0.9
1.5
1.3
1.3
46.1
38.4
42.3
37.7
34.6
29.9
29.1
29.9
28.9
29.0
38.2
42.9
38.0
40.3
43.6
45.0
45.8
45.9
48.5
47.8
9.6
13.3
15.2
18.5
18.8
22.9
24.1
22.8
21.3
21.9
20.8
12.9
14.4
10.8
21.5
15.0
14.4
11.2
13.0
11.3
58.6
56.2
53.0
51.1
48.5
50.6
47.6
45.1
43.8
48.3
18.2
26.5
27.2
31.2
23.0
27.5
30.0
34.3
33.0
30.1
2.3
4.4
5.4
7.0
7.0
6.8
8.0
9.4
10.3
10.3
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
1997
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
12.4
8.7
8.3
6.9
8.0
3.7
3.9
4.6
4.6
2.1
49.9
46.7
50.2
50.1
36.6
38.6
34.1
24.1
33.5
29.6
31.0
35.1
32.8
34.5
41.1
44.1
45.6
52.8
45.8
44.8
6.7
9.4
8.7
8.5
14.3
13.6
16.5
18.5
16.0
23.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Per
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.6
6.8
4.2
3.2
3.1
2.6
2.7
32.6
31.7
25.0
21.3
20.6
21.3
19.8
49.3
41.5
46.5
47.2
45.3
44.6
44.9
14.5
20.0
24.3
28.3
31.0
31.5
32.5
30.3
27.8
26.1
17.2
15.0
13.3
12.1
47.2
45.3
46.2
43.2
42.6
43.6
41.1
17.4
20.5
20.9
32.3
33.7
33.4
37.4
5.1
6.5
6.8
7.3
8.7
9.7
9.5
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
10.6
9.3
7.5
6.9
5.7
5.9
5.0
31.8
33.3
29.9
24.5
26.0
24.5
26.2
40.2
39.0
42.8
45.6
46.9
46.7
44.1
17.4
18.4
19.7
23.0
21.4
22.9
24.7
32.5
25.0
15.2
14.9
13.2
12.6
10.4
39.4
38.5
36.5
32.7
36.8
30.7
31.4
23.9
30.7
40.4
41.4
39.6
45.1
46.8
4.2
5.7
7.9
11.0
10.4
11.6
11.3
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
6.1
3.3
2.8
2.3
2.7
2.4
2.5
2.0
2.3
1.7
53.9
48.0
45.8
41.6
42.3
42.0
43.1
43.8
45.3
43.1
34.6
38.9
42.0
44.8
38.2
38.8
37.8
37.8
36.7
35.8
5.5
9.7
9.4
11.3
16.9
16.7
16.6
16.4
15.7
19.5
...
...
...
...
...
...
1.8
2.0
1.7
1.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
56.1
57.7
54.0
53.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
31.9
31.8
33.8
31.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
10.2
8.6
10.4
14.0
Venezuela d/
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
11.8
8.7
8.3
7.7
7.5
5.3
4.4
3.9
3.6
58.0
54.5
45.3
44.9
42.6
34.2
30.1
27.1
26.5
22.0
26.2
31.6
30.0
31.9
36.2
35.8
36.2
36.6
8.2
10.6
14.8
17.4
18.0
24.2
29.7
32.7
33.3
42.2
32.5
32.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
48.8
54.3
52.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
7.9
11.5
12.4
...
...
...
...
...
...
1.0
1.7
3.5
...
...
...
...
...
...
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
75.9
75.2
74.1
13 aos y ms
Cuadro 27
POBLACIN DE 25 A 59 AOS, SEGN AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
Ao
0 a 5 aos
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2004
2006
2009
2010
2011
21.6
12.4
10.3
8.5
7.6
6.6
6.5
5.6
4.9
4.3
38.2
37.0
36.9
33.3
25.2
23.6
23.5
Bolivia
1997
2002
2004
2007
2009
34.1
31.0
33.0
23.5
23.3
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
Chile
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
0 a 5 aos
30.6
29.7
29.9
31.1
38.7
39.5
40.2
11.1
18.0
19.0
22.7
25.7
26.6
29.1
30.5
31.9
32.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
17.3
18.6
18.1
15.2
13.8
28.4
25.7
25.7
28.1
30.1
20.3
24.6
23.3
33.3
32.8
78.3
74.6
67.3
66.7
63.4
12.2
16.5
17.3
14.9
17.3
5.8
6.4
9.1
11.1
11.8
3.8
2.5
6.3
7.3
7.5
70.0
55.5
53.4
45.3
43.1
39.8
34.7
31.1
27.8
27.5
12.6
17.1
19.0
21.6
21.9
21.7
21.1
21.1
20.9
20.1
10.0
16.8
17.7
21.8
23.4
25.9
30.0
32.2
34.3
34.9
7.3
10.7
10.0
11.3
11.5
12.5
14.2
15.6
17.0
17.5
96.0
89.2
88.3
82.6
83.7
79.9
74.5
69.7
64.5
65.6
1.9
6.3
6.8
10.2
9.9
11.8
13.9
15.2
16.7
17.0
1.0
3.7
3.9
5.8
5.3
7.1
9.8
12.1
15.3
14.1
1.0
0.8
1.0
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.8
3.0
3.5
3.3
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
15.8
14.1
9.6
8.6
8.3
7.5
6.4
29.4
24.2
22.8
21.5
21.2
19.5
19.0
34.5
38.9
40.6
42.0
43.8
44.7
45.6
20.3
22.8
27.1
27.9
26.7
28.3
29.0
43.8
39.5
34.9
29.6
24.6
21.4
19.0
37.3
38.7
43.4
45.4
43.6
40.3
41.5
13.2
15.8
17.0
19.5
25.1
30.3
30.8
5.7
6.0
4.7
5.5
6.7
8.1
8.8
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
52.4
37.4
39.9
35.9
33.3
33.2
30.7
28.6
28.3
27.3
22.3
23.4
23.0
22.9
21.5
19.0
18.1
19.0
16.6
16.3
13.7
23.1
21.3
25.3
27.6
26.8
27.6
26.6
30.4
31.1
11.6
16.1
15.8
15.9
17.6
21.0
23.7
25.9
24.6
25.3
...
...
78.2
76.2
72.8
...
...
74.6
73.3
71.5
...
...
12.4
12.0
12.5
...
...
12.7
12.1
12.6
...
...
7.3
9.5
10.9
...
...
9.9
11.4
12.6
...
...
2.1
2.4
3.9
...
...
2.7
3.2
3.3
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
27.2
16.7
14.1
12.7
11.0
10.6
9.5
8.9
9.2
9.0
41.5
40.5
39.5
41.1
42.4
40.9
40.3
39.5
41.9
41.2
17.8
22.1
24.9
22.5
21.7
21.6
21.6
22.7
22.6
22.7
13.5
20.7
21.5
23.7
24.9
26.9
28.6
28.9
26.3
27.1
58.1
40.0
34.8
28.8
28.8
25.1
22.8
22.0
24.2
22.7
33.5
44.8
49.2
52.0
53.0
53.8
53.8
54.5
54.3
54.2
5.8
10.6
10.7
11.7
10.3
11.6
12.7
12.4
11.7
12.6
2.6
4.5
5.3
7.5
7.9
9.5
10.6
11.2
9.8
10.6
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
4.5
2.8
2.5
2.3
33.3
31.2
29.8
28.6
24.7
35.3
35.9
37.1
37.5
30.7
31.8
32.0
13.4
8.1
7.0
7.0
54.2
53.1
52.9
50.7
17.0
26.6
27.7
29.3
15.4
12.2
12.4
13.0
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
16.1
11.7
11.5
11.4
10.1
10.3
10.3
9.6
7.9
43.0
39.8
37.2
36.5
34.4
34.5
32.8
32.1
31.9
21.9
24.6
27.1
25.5
27.7
27.3
27.8
28.3
30.7
19.0
24.0
24.2
26.5
27.8
27.9
29.1
30.0
29.5
...
...
...
...
36.0
33.7
32.3
31.5
29.0
...
...
...
...
49.1
49.7
50.8
51.0
50.8
...
...
...
...
10.1
11.8
11.8
11.9
13.9
...
...
...
...
4.7
4.8
5.0
5.6
6.4
El Salvador
1995
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
35.8
30.6
29.7
27.6
27.3
27.1
30.2
29.8
29.9
30.5
29.4
29.4
19.7
22.0
22.9
23.6
24.6
25.2
14.3
17.7
17.5
18.3
18.7
18.2
80.2
75.2
72.2
68.7
66.7
65.5
16.3
19.6
21.0
23.4
23.5
24.3
2.6
3.7
5.1
6.1
7.5
7.9
0.9
1.5
1.8
1.8
2.3
2.3
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
51.5
42.4
41.5
39.2
37.1
26.6
29.9
29.9
28.1
28.7
13.8
17.5
19.4
19.7
22.8
8.1
10.2
9.2
13.0
11.4
90.7
87.1
81.9
80.0
75.1
7.3
10.2
14.4
15.3
19.4
1.5
2.3
2.9
3.9
4.0
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.9
1.5
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
42.7
35.1
31.4
29.7
26.6
26.2
23.8
31.0
34.4
36.6
37.8
38.9
38.2
36.7
18.2
22.0
21.0
20.0
20.9
21.9
24.0
8.1
8.5
11.0
12.5
13.7
13.8
15.4
81.4
69.9
69.3
68.5
64.5
62.8
59.7
15.9
25.1
24.8
27.4
30.4
31.8
33.6
2.5
4.5
5.0
3.2
3.7
4.1
5.0
0.2
0.5
0.9
0.9
1.3
1.3
1.6
Mxico a/
1989
1994
1998
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
29.5
23.0
19.7
17.2
15.7
12.9
13.0
11.4
47.2
48.4
49.0
43.3
43.8
43.0
43.0
42.0
9.6
11.8
13.1
21.3
18.9
20.9
21.6
21.8
13.7
16.8
16.8
18.1
21.6
23.2
22.5
24.8
70.0
63.3
51.9
50.3
41.0
39.4
37.9
34.0
25.1
31.4
38.0
36.9
43.3
46.3
46.3
48.4
2.3
3.4
4.6
7.6
9.1
8.9
9.7
10.1
2.6
1.9
2.9
5.2
6.5
5.4
6.2
7.6
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
41.4
36.5
37.6
29.1
26.3
34.1
35.2
33.8
35.2
35.1
15.9
14.0
17.3
19.3
20.4
8.7
14.4
11.4
16.4
18.3
81.7
75.9
76.8
74.4
68.2
15.0
16.6
18.0
19.7
23.1
2.1
4.1
3.6
4.0
6.2
1.1
3.4
1.5
1.8
2.4
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
18.2
13.8
11.2
8.0
6.6
5.7
4.6
4.3
4.1
4.4
47.8
39.6
39.9
38.7
36.3
34.4
32.0
30.9
31.2
28.6
20.5
25.1
26.6
27.8
29.1
29.8
32.5
32.6
32.5
33.1
13.5
21.6
22.3
25.4
28.0
30.1
30.9
32.2
32.3
33.9
57.4
37.6
35.0
27.2
32.5
26.2
24.2
24.6
24.1
25.5
36.6
43.9
44.8
48.4
47.7
48.5
49.1
48.8
48.6
47.1
4.4
12.3
13.2
16.1
13.3
16.4
17.0
17.4
18.3
17.8
1.7
6.1
6.9
8.3
6.6
8.9
9.7
9.2
9.0
9.6
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
1997
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
21.6
16.9
17.9
17.0
17.5
11.3
12.8
10.3
8.6
9.4
37.5
40.5
42.1
39.0
34.6
35.5
34.3
30.4
33.5
29.6
23.3
28.1
22.9
25.5
26.7
28.6
31.3
33.8
34.2
33.5
17.6
14.6
17.1
18.5
21.3
24.5
21.6
25.5
23.8
27.4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Per
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
21.3
22.3
20.4
15.3
15.5
15.0
15.2
13.8
15.5
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.8
14.2
35.3
31.5
31.8
31.7
30.4
31.6
30.8
29.6
30.6
33.9
39.0
40.3
39.6
39.8
69.3
63.4
61.2
54.9
54.5
53.8
52.4
15.7
18.8
19.4
22.7
21.9
23.3
24.4
10.9
12.3
13.7
15.7
15.9
15.5
15.8
4.2
5.5
5.8
6.7
7.7
7.5
7.4
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
26.4
24.7
23.0
23.3
21.6
21.0
20.1
29.0
27.7
27.6
25.3
25.6
25.8
25.7
23.5
25.7
25.9
25.9
27.0
27.6
30.3
21.1
21.9
23.6
25.5
25.8
25.6
24.0
58.6
55.8
45.2
46.9
44.4
42.6
42.3
26.6
26.8
29.1
28.8
30.1
31.6
29.2
10.4
11.7
16.2
16.5
17.9
17.1
18.9
4.3
5.7
9.5
7.7
7.6
8.8
9.6
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
26.6
17.2
14.5
9.2
8.0
7.0
7.3
6.8
6.8
5.5
46.4
46.3
46.3
47.8
43.7
43.2
43.6
43.2
43.5
40.8
18.2
23.6
25.3
27.4
27.2
26.6
25.0
25.2
25.1
25.8
8.8
12.8
13.8
15.6
21.1
23.1
24.2
24.8
24.6
27.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
16.2
14.4
13.8
13.5
...
...
...
...
...
...
65.4
67.3
63.1
62.5
...
...
...
...
...
...
12.1
12.0
13.8
15.5
...
...
...
...
...
...
6.2
6.3
9.3
8.5
Venezuela d/
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
29.9
19.4
18.5
18.6
17.8
14.7
12.9
11.8
11.0
49.4
48.3
45.8
45.2
43.5
39.6
38.0
35.5
34.1
11.9
17.8
20.2
20.0
20.5
24.3
25.4
25.7
26.5
8.7
14.5
15.5
16.3
18.1
21.5
23.7
26.9
28.4
73.5
61.0
54.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
22.8
32.4
36.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
2.8
5.2
7.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.9
1.4
2.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
67.4
69.6
70.7
13 aos y ms
Cuadro 27.1
POBLACIN MASCULINA DE 25 A 59 AOS, SEGN AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
Ao
0 a 5 aos
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2004
2006
2009
2010
2011
20.9
11.2
9.1
8.1
8.5
6.6
6.8
5.8
4.8
3.9
39.8
39.0
38.5
35.7
26.3
25.1
25.4
Bolivia
1997
2002
2004
2007
2009
25.1
22.9
23.7
15.9
17.0
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
Chile
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
0 a 5 aos
31.4
28.9
30.5
31.8
40.7
41.4
42.1
13.1
18.7
19.1
20.7
23.6
24.4
25.7
27.2
28.8
28.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18.4
19.5
19.4
15.9
14.5
32.3
30.2
30.7
31.2
33.8
24.2
27.3
26.2
37.0
34.6
71.3
64.5
55.9
55.1
54.1
15.6
22.3
23.3
18.2
22.1
7.9
9.8
13.2
17.3
15.9
5.2
3.3
7.6
9.5
7.9
67.9
54.6
52.8
45.7
43.7
40.4
35.6
32.2
28.9
28.9
13.7
17.8
19.7
22.6
22.6
22.7
22.0
22.0
21.7
21.1
9.7
16.6
17.4
20.6
22.7
25.3
29.4
31.6
33.8
34.4
8.6
11.0
10.1
11.1
11.0
11.6
13.0
14.1
15.6
15.6
95.9
89.0
88.4
83.5
85.4
81.5
76.9
72.8
67.1
69.0
2.0
6.6
6.9
10.3
9.5
11.8
13.3
14.5
16.4
16.8
1.0
3.4
3.7
5.0
4.3
5.8
8.4
10.5
13.9
12.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
0.9
0.9
1.4
2.1
2.6
2.1
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
13.9
13.0
9.0
7.9
7.8
7.2
6.1
28.6
23.6
21.8
21.0
20.2
18.8
18.5
35.2
39.4
40.5
41.9
44.3
45.0
45.5
22.3
23.9
28.7
29.2
27.7
29.0
30.0
42.8
38.3
35.1
28.7
24.4
21.3
18.6
38.7
40.4
44.2
47.0
45.1
41.5
42.6
12.9
15.0
16.2
19.0
24.1
30.0
30.8
5.6
6.3
4.5
5.3
6.4
7.3
8.0
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
48.8
34.6
36.9
33.8
31.8
32.5
30.4
28.0
28.2
27.5
21.0
22.8
23.0
22.8
21.2
18.9
17.8
19.1
16.8
16.1
13.8
23.3
21.6
25.4
27.4
26.7
27.2
26.8
30.7
31.7
16.4
19.2
18.5
18.0
19.6
22.0
24.6
26.1
24.3
24.6
...
...
78.0
76.9
73.9
...
...
76.1
74.9
72.7
...
...
12.4
11.4
12.1
...
...
12.1
11.5
12.3
...
...
7.3
9.2
10.3
...
...
9.4
10.9
12.2
...
...
2.2
2.6
3.7
...
...
2.4
2.6
2.9
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
25.4
15.0
13.4
11.7
10.3
10.8
9.5
8.4
8.9
9.1
40.3
40.1
38.3
41.8
43.2
41.5
40.9
40.4
42.8
41.6
18.4
22.1
24.5
22.0
20.9
21.7
20.6
22.4
22.4
22.1
15.8
22.9
23.7
24.5
25.7
26.1
29.1
28.9
25.9
27.1
55.5
38.1
34.3
28.2
28.0
25.0
22.9
22.0
25.3
23.4
35.9
46.6
49.9
53.2
54.4
55.1
55.1
55.6
54.4
54.5
5.9
10.7
10.3
11.3
9.4
10.8
11.8
12.3
11.5
12.3
2.7
4.7
5.5
7.3
8.2
9.2
10.1
10.1
8.9
9.8
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
4.2
2.8
2.5
2.5
33.6
31.3
30.4
28.9
25.5
36.8
37.1
38.7
36.7
29.1
30.0
29.9
12.1
7.2
6.5
6.4
53.2
51.8
52.1
49.7
17.6
28.0
29.0
30.8
16.9
13.0
12.4
13.1
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
14.0
10.1
10.1
10.1
8.8
9.1
9.1
8.7
6.5
43.4
39.7
37.8
37.4
35.0
34.9
33.2
32.4
32.3
20.6
23.7
25.8
24.5
28.0
27.8
27.9
28.7
32.5
22.1
26.5
26.3
28.0
28.3
28.2
29.8
30.2
28.8
...
...
...
...
31.6
30.1
29.0
28.5
26.1
...
...
...
...
52.5
52.1
53.2
53.6
52.7
...
...
...
...
11.1
12.9
12.9
12.3
14.8
...
...
...
...
4.8
4.9
4.8
5.6
6.4
El Salvador
1995
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
29.4
25.4
24.2
21.0
22.7
22.6
32.8
31.8
32.3
33.3
32.0
32.0
20.4
22.5
23.9
25.4
26.0
26.9
17.3
20.3
19.6
20.2
19.2
18.5
75.0
70.2
67.0
63.2
63.2
61.6
20.6
24.0
24.8
27.5
26.4
27.0
3.4
4.3
6.5
7.5
8.3
9.1
1.0
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.3
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
45.3
34.2
34.2
32.8
29.0
29.9
34.6
33.4
31.6
32.5
13.9
17.9
21.1
19.5
24.9
10.9
13.3
11.3
16.0
13.5
87.9
82.2
76.9
74.0
67.7
9.9
14.1
19.0
20.2
26.1
1.6
3.1
3.3
4.6
4.1
0.6
0.6
0.8
1.2
2.1
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
39.7
32.3
29.3
29.7
26.0
25.4
23.9
32.9
34.3
38.2
38.5
39.8
40.0
38.0
17.2
21.9
18.7
18.0
19.3
19.8
21.5
10.2
11.5
13.8
13.8
14.9
14.8
16.6
81.0
69.0
71.2
69.5
65.8
63.4
61.3
16.5
26.8
23.1
26.8
29.3
31.6
32.7
2.2
3.6
4.7
2.7
3.5
3.8
4.2
0.3
0.6
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.7
Mxico a/
1989
1994
1998
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
25.3
19.8
17.2
15.5
13.5
11.1
11.4
9.8
43.9
45.5
44.3
42.2
43.7
42.5
42.3
42.0
10.7
12.3
15.7
19.9
18.6
20.3
21.5
21.2
20.1
22.4
20.9
22.4
24.2
26.2
24.7
27.0
66.8
59.7
47.5
47.4
37.6
35.6
36.0
31.3
25.7
33.0
38.2
38.9
45.6
48.7
46.5
49.4
3.6
4.4
5.4
7.4
9.9
9.2
10.6
11.2
3.9
2.9
3.6
6.2
6.9
6.4
6.9
8.1
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
36.6
32.3
35.9
27.2
24.8
37.4
38.0
35.7
37.9
37.8
15.3
13.9
15.0
17.4
18.9
10.6
15.8
13.3
17.5
18.6
80.3
75.8
76.3
75.2
67.7
15.9
17.5
17.9
19.1
23.0
2.1
3.4
3.7
3.8
6.6
1.6
3.3
2.2
1.9
2.6
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
17.6
13.9
11.4
7.8
6.5
5.5
4.2
3.7
3.7
4.5
46.8
40.3
40.4
40.3
38.8
37.1
34.2
33.1
33.5
32.0
20.4
24.5
26.4
27.7
29.4
30.4
34.2
34.6
34.3
34.8
15.1
21.3
21.7
24.3
25.4
26.9
27.4
28.6
28.6
28.7
56.5
37.3
35.4
27.4
31.4
24.7
22.4
22.6
22.5
22.8
37.3
45.0
46.5
50.8
51.4
51.2
52.8
52.7
52.2
51.8
4.5
12.1
11.7
14.6
12.5
16.5
17.2
17.2
18.1
17.9
1.7
5.5
6.4
7.1
4.7
7.7
7.5
7.6
7.2
7.5
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
1997
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
17.4
15.1
15.7
13.3
14.3
9.9
11.3
10.8
6.6
7.9
37.6
40.6
42.2
39.4
34.9
35.3
33.6
28.4
33.1
28.7
23.7
28.3
23.3
28.5
28.2
31.5
33.6
35.6
37.3
36.3
21.3
16.0
18.8
18.9
22.6
23.4
21.4
25.2
23.0
27.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Per
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
14.6
16.4
14.7
10.6
10.6
10.2
10.5
14.2
15.8
13.3
13.2
13.1
12.7
13.6
37.7
33.8
34.8
34.3
33.8
34.9
34.0
33.5
34.0
37.2
42.0
42.4
42.1
41.9
59.3
53.6
52.1
45.6
44.8
43.4
42.4
19.9
21.9
22.7
25.3
24.7
26.2
27.8
16.0
17.3
18.2
21.0
20.7
20.8
20.7
4.8
7.2
6.9
8.1
9.7
9.5
9.1
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
25.9
24.8
22.9
24.3
21.8
21.8
20.7
30.1
28.5
29.7
26.7
27.7
28.1
28.1
23.2
24.9
26.9
25.6
26.8
28.2
30.2
20.8
21.8
20.5
23.5
23.7
21.9
21.0
56.9
56.8
45.6
47.7
46.3
45.2
44.3
28.2
26.4
31.3
30.0
30.5
32.6
29.9
9.9
11.7
15.1
16.5
18.2
16.4
19.1
5.0
5.1
8.0
5.8
5.0
5.9
6.8
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
26.6
17.5
14.7
9.8
8.5
7.7
8.1
7.8
7.7
6.1
47.4
47.4
47.7
50.2
46.1
46.1
47.4
46.3
46.6
44.4
18.3
23.4
25.7
26.6
26.7
26.3
24.7
25.2
25.0
26.1
7.7
11.7
11.9
13.4
18.7
19.9
19.8
20.6
20.7
23.4
...
...
...
...
...
...
18.6
17.2
15.9
16.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
66.4
67.1
65.1
63.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
10.5
11.0
12.5
14.4
...
...
...
...
...
...
4.6
4.8
6.5
6.5
Venezuela d/
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
26.0
17.5
17.3
18.4
18.5
16.1
14.5
13.6
12.8
50.9
49.6
46.5
47.1
45.0
41.9
41.0
38.9
37.6
12.1
17.4
19.7
19.7
20.3
23.8
25.4
26.0
26.9
11.1
15.5
16.4
14.8
16.2
18.2
19.1
21.5
22.7
70.9
58.9
53.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
25.0
34.5
37.4
...
...
...
...
...
...
2.9
5.1
6.2
...
...
...
...
...
...
1.2
1.6
2.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
66.1
70.1
71.9
13 aos y ms
Cuadro 27.2
POBLACIN FEMENINA DE 25 A 59 AOS, SEGN AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
Ao
0 a 5 aos
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2004
2006
2009
2010
2011
22.3
13.5
11.4
8.8
6.8
6.6
6.2
5.4
5.1
4.6
36.8
35.1
35.4
31.2
24.2
22.3
21.8
Bolivia
1997
2002
2004
2007
2009
42.0
38.3
41.0
30.0
29.2
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
Chile
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
0 a 5 aos
29.9
30.4
29.3
30.5
36.9
37.8
38.4
9.4
17.4
19.0
24.6
27.7
28.7
32.2
33.5
34.8
35.2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
16.3
17.8
16.9
14.5
13.2
24.9
21.7
21.3
25.4
26.6
16.8
22.2
20.8
30.1
31.0
85.3
85.0
78.7
77.4
71.8
8.8
10.5
11.3
11.9
12.9
3.6
2.9
5.0
5.4
8.2
2.3
1.6
5.1
5.4
7.1
72.0
56.2
53.9
45.0
42.7
39.3
33.9
30.2
26.9
26.3
11.6
16.4
18.4
20.6
21.3
20.9
20.3
20.2
20.2
19.3
10.3
17.0
17.9
22.9
24.1
26.5
30.6
32.8
34.7
35.3
6.1
10.3
9.8
11.5
11.9
13.3
15.3
16.9
18.2
19.2
96.2
89.4
88.1
81.7
81.8
78.2
71.8
66.3
61.8
61.9
1.8
5.9
6.7
10.2
10.3
11.7
14.5
16.0
16.9
17.2
1.1
3.9
4.2
6.6
6.5
8.5
11.3
13.9
16.9
16.4
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.6
1.3
1.6
2.4
3.8
4.4
4.6
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
17.5
15.0
10.0
9.3
8.7
7.7
6.7
30.1
24.7
23.7
21.9
22.1
20.1
19.4
33.9
38.5
40.6
42.0
43.4
44.4
45.7
18.5
21.8
25.7
26.7
25.8
27.7
28.2
45.0
40.7
34.7
30.5
24.9
21.5
19.3
35.7
37.0
42.5
43.7
42.0
39.1
40.3
13.5
16.6
17.8
20.0
26.1
30.5
30.7
5.8
5.6
5.0
5.8
7.1
8.9
9.7
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
55.5
39.9
42.3
37.6
34.6
33.8
30.9
29.1
28.4
27.2
23.5
23.9
23.0
23.0
21.8
19.1
18.3
18.9
16.5
16.4
13.7
22.9
21.1
25.3
27.7
26.9
27.9
26.5
30.1
30.6
7.4
13.3
13.6
14.2
16.0
20.1
23.0
25.6
24.9
25.9
...
...
78.4
75.5
71.5
...
...
73.0
71.4
70.1
...
...
12.4
12.6
12.9
...
...
13.5
12.8
13.0
...
...
7.3
9.7
11.5
...
...
10.5
12.1
13.1
...
...
2.0
2.2
4.1
...
...
3.0
3.8
3.8
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
28.7
18.2
14.8
13.6
11.6
10.5
9.6
9.4
9.5
9.0
42.6
40.9
40.4
40.4
41.7
40.3
39.7
38.7
41.0
40.8
17.3
22.1
25.3
22.9
22.5
21.4
22.4
23.0
22.9
23.1
11.4
18.9
19.5
23.0
24.3
27.7
28.2
28.9
26.6
27.1
60.9
42.0
35.3
29.5
29.5
25.2
22.7
21.9
23.2
22.0
31.1
43.0
48.5
50.8
51.7
52.6
52.6
53.4
54.2
53.9
5.6
10.6
11.1
12.1
11.3
12.5
13.7
12.5
11.9
12.8
2.5
4.4
5.1
7.7
7.5
9.8
11.1
12.2
10.7
11.3
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
4.8
2.8
2.4
2.2
33.1
31.1
29.2
28.4
23.9
33.9
34.7
35.6
38.2
32.2
33.7
33.8
14.8
9.0
7.5
7.6
55.2
54.5
53.9
51.7
16.2
25.0
26.4
27.6
13.8
11.5
12.2
13.1
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
18.0
13.1
12.8
12.7
11.4
11.3
11.4
10.4
9.1
42.7
39.8
36.6
35.6
33.8
34.2
32.3
31.7
31.6
23.1
25.4
28.3
26.5
27.4
26.8
27.8
27.9
29.2
16.2
21.7
22.3
25.1
27.4
27.6
28.5
29.9
30.1
...
...
...
...
40.3
37.0
35.5
34.3
31.7
...
...
...
...
45.8
47.5
48.6
48.6
48.9
...
...
...
...
9.1
10.8
10.7
11.6
13.0
...
...
...
...
4.7
4.7
5.2
5.5
6.4
El Salvador
1995
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
40.7
34.7
33.9
32.9
30.8
30.6
28.2
28.2
28.0
28.2
27.4
27.6
19.1
21.5
22.2
22.2
23.4
24.0
12.0
15.6
15.9
16.7
18.3
17.9
84.7
79.5
76.6
73.3
69.6
68.8
12.6
15.9
17.8
19.9
21.2
22.1
1.9
3.1
3.8
4.9
6.8
6.8
0.7
1.5
1.8
1.9
2.4
2.3
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
56.7
49.0
47.4
44.2
43.6
23.9
26.2
26.9
25.2
25.7
13.7
17.1
18.0
19.9
21.1
5.8
7.6
7.6
10.7
9.6
93.4
91.3
86.5
85.1
81.3
4.9
6.8
10.3
11.1
13.7
1.3
1.5
2.4
3.3
4.0
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.5
0.9
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
45.1
37.4
33.1
29.7
27.1
26.8
23.8
29.6
34.5
35.4
37.2
38.1
36.9
35.7
18.9
22.1
22.8
21.6
22.1
23.5
26.0
6.4
6.0
8.7
11.5
12.7
12.9
14.5
81.8
70.8
67.6
67.6
63.3
62.2
58.3
15.4
23.5
26.3
28.0
31.4
32.1
34.4
2.7
5.3
5.3
3.7
4.0
4.3
5.8
...
0.5
0.9
0.7
1.3
1.4
1.6
Mxico a/
1989
1994
1998
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
33.3
25.9
22.0
18.7
17.6
14.4
14.3
12.8
50.1
51.0
53.1
44.2
43.8
43.5
43.6
42.1
8.6
11.3
10.7
22.6
19.2
21.4
21.7
22.2
8.1
11.9
13.1
14.5
19.3
20.7
20.5
22.9
72.9
66.6
55.9
52.8
44.0
42.6
39.5
36.4
24.6
29.9
37.8
35.2
41.3
44.4
46.1
47.5
1.1
2.5
3.9
7.6
8.4
8.6
8.8
9.1
1.4
1.1
2.2
4.4
6.2
4.5
5.6
7.1
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
45.5
39.9
38.9
30.6
27.5
31.1
32.9
32.2
33.0
32.7
16.3
14.0
19.2
20.8
21.7
7.0
13.3
9.7
15.6
18.0
83.1
76.0
77.4
73.7
68.7
14.1
15.7
18.2
20.3
23.2
2.1
4.8
3.6
4.3
5.9
0.6
3.5
0.8
1.7
2.2
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
18.6
13.7
10.9
8.3
6.7
5.9
5.0
4.8
4.4
4.3
48.6
39.0
39.5
37.3
34.0
31.9
30.0
29.0
29.0
25.7
20.6
25.6
26.8
27.9
28.9
29.2
31.1
30.7
30.9
31.6
12.1
21.8
22.8
26.5
30.4
33.0
33.9
35.5
35.7
38.4
58.3
37.9
34.6
26.9
33.7
27.8
26.1
26.7
25.8
28.2
35.9
42.7
43.1
45.9
43.6
45.7
45.2
44.8
44.8
42.3
4.2
12.6
14.7
17.6
14.1
16.3
16.7
17.5
18.5
17.7
1.6
6.7
7.5
9.5
8.6
10.2
12.0
10.9
10.9
11.8
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
1997
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
25.4
18.4
19.8
20.3
20.1
12.7
14.2
9.9
10.3
10.7
37.5
40.3
42.0
38.7
34.3
35.8
35.0
32.2
33.8
30.4
22.9
27.9
22.6
22.9
25.5
26.0
29.1
32.2
31.3
31.1
14.3
13.3
15.6
18.1
20.1
25.6
21.7
25.7
24.5
27.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Per
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
27.2
27.5
25.6
19.5
19.9
19.4
19.3
13.6
15.3
14.5
14.6
14.4
14.7
14.7
33.1
29.6
29.1
29.5
27.3
28.5
27.9
26.2
27.7
30.8
36.4
38.4
37.4
38.0
78.5
72.8
70.1
64.2
64.0
63.8
62.1
11.8
15.8
16.1
20.1
19.2
20.4
21.2
6.1
7.5
9.2
10.4
11.1
10.4
11.0
3.6
3.9
4.7
5.3
5.7
5.5
5.7
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
26.8
24.7
23.1
22.4
21.3
20.3
19.5
28.2
27.1
25.6
24.1
23.8
23.7
23.6
23.7
26.4
24.9
26.2
27.2
27.2
30.3
21.4
21.9
26.3
27.3
27.7
28.8
26.5
60.4
54.9
44.8
46.1
42.3
39.7
40.0
25.0
27.1
26.7
27.6
29.7
30.5
28.5
10.9
11.7
17.4
16.6
17.5
17.8
18.7
3.6
6.3
11.1
9.7
10.5
12.0
12.7
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
26.6
17.0
14.4
8.7
7.6
6.5
6.5
5.9
6.0
5.0
45.6
45.4
45.2
45.6
41.4
40.8
40.1
40.5
40.7
37.5
18.1
23.9
25.0
28.2
27.7
26.8
25.2
25.1
25.2
25.5
9.7
13.7
15.4
17.6
23.3
25.9
28.1
28.5
28.1
31.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
13.4
11.1
11.4
10.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
64.3
67.6
60.8
62.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
14.2
13.1
15.3
16.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
8.2
8.2
12.5
10.6
Venezuela d/
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
33.6
21.3
19.6
18.7
17.2
13.3
11.4
10.1
9.2
48.1
46.9
45.1
43.3
42.1
37.2
35.0
32.2
30.6
11.7
18.1
20.7
20.2
20.8
24.7
25.4
25.5
26.1
6.6
13.6
14.6
17.7
20.0
24.7
28.2
32.2
34.0
76.5
63.5
54.4
...
...
...
...
...
...
20.1
30.0
35.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
2.7
5.4
7.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.6
1.1
2.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
68.3
69.1
69.7
13 aos y ms
Cuadro 28
POBLACIN ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA DE 15 AOS Y MS, SEGN AOS DE INSTRUCCIN,
ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
Ao
0 a 5 aos
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2009
2010
2011
17.8
13.1
8.1
7.3
7.2
6.1
5.7
4.9
4.8
35.9
34.1
31.9
23.2
22.2
22.0
Bolivia
1997
2002
2004
2007
2009
31.7
27.3
28.5
22.2
20.8
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
Chile
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
13 aos y ms
0 a 5 aos
32.7
31.9
33.1
38.8
39.4
40.1
15.0
17.9
21.7
24.2
26.8
29.0
32.3
33.5
33.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
19.7
21.2
20.8
16.5
16.1
30.8
29.3
29.7
31.1
32.7
17.8
22.2
21.0
30.3
30.4
74.5
69.1
62.0
58.4
58.5
15.9
19.5
20.6
18.1
19.9
6.7
9.4
12.6
17.7
16.0
2.8
2.0
4.8
5.7
5.6
60.9
47.5
53.6
39.5
36.7
33.2
28.5
25.8
23.0
22.7
19.2
24.3
23.0
25.4
24.8
24.3
23.1
22.4
22.2
21.2
12.4
18.4
16.2
24.5
27.4
30.3
34.5
36.3
38.0
38.4
7.6
9.8
7.2
10.6
11.1
12.1
13.9
15.4
16.8
17.7
93.2
85.0
86.5
79.3
79.1
74.1
68.5
64.4
58.7
60.8
4.0
10.3
9.2
13.1
13.7
16.5
18.4
19.1
20.7
20.1
1.3
3.9
3.6
6.5
6.4
8.2
11.6
14.0
17.4
16.0
1.4
0.8
0.7
1.1
0.9
1.1
1.6
2.6
3.1
3.1
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
13.0
11.7
8.4
7.5
7.6
6.6
5.8
26.9
22.8
21.4
19.9
19.2
17.7
17.6
36.4
40.1
42.3
44.0
45.5
46.1
46.8
23.7
25.3
27.9
28.5
27.7
29.6
29.7
36.8
34.2
32.1
26.6
22.5
19.5
17.7
40.9
40.9
42.3
42.7
39.6
35.3
36.4
15.2
17.7
20.1
24.7
30.5
35.7
35.8
7.0
7.2
5.5
6.0
7.5
9.6
10.1
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
47.1
28.4
35.3
32.0
29.3
29.6
27.4
25.5
25.6
24.8
25.3
28.2
24.4
23.1
21.5
19.1
17.6
19.1
16.6
16.3
16.1
26.9
24.2
28.7
31.7
29.9
30.2
28.5
33.3
33.8
11.5
16.5
16.0
16.2
17.5
21.4
24.8
26.9
24.5
25.2
...
...
75.9
73.1
68.4
...
...
69.1
66.7
65.2
...
...
13.5
13.3
14.0
...
...
15.8
15.0
15.4
...
...
8.8
11.2
13.8
...
...
12.1
15.1
15.8
...
...
1.8
2.4
3.7
...
...
3.0
3.2
3.6
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
20.4
14.1
12.7
11.6
10.1
9.8
8.4
7.7
8.0
7.9
43.4
41.1
39.7
41.9
42.0
40.6
39.5
38.7
41.0
40.0
23.0
24.1
25.8
23.2
22.7
23.1
23.5
24.3
24.5
24.5
13.3
20.7
21.7
23.3
25.2
26.6
28.6
29.3
26.4
27.6
42.0
32.9
31.1
26.3
26.2
23.0
20.7
19.5
21.4
20.1
47.3
50.7
52.6
54.0
54.2
53.2
52.9
52.5
52.8
53.0
8.2
11.7
11.2
12.2
11.2
13.5
14.7
15.7
15.0
15.5
2.5
4.6
5.0
7.5
8.4
10.3
11.8
12.2
10.8
11.4
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
2.8
1.4
1.2
1.1
28.7
25.8
24.0
23.2
24.7
36.8
37.3
38.2
43.8
36.0
37.5
37.5
11.2
5.8
4.7
4.5
50.9
46.8
45.7
43.2
17.9
30.4
32.1
34.3
20.0
17.0
17.5
18.0
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
14.5
11.1
11.3
12.0
10.4
10.4
10.4
9.6
8.0
43.1
39.5
38.0
37.4
34.1
33.4
32.1
31.3
30.7
24.1
27.0
28.4
25.9
29.0
28.8
28.9
29.0
31.8
18.2
22.4
22.3
24.7
26.5
27.4
28.7
30.1
29.4
...
...
...
...
35.5
33.5
33.0
32.5
33.7
...
...
...
...
48.1
48.3
48.0
48.1
45.6
...
...
...
...
12.3
13.9
14.4
14.4
15.0
...
...
...
...
4.1
4.3
4.6
5.1
5.7
El Salvador
1995
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
33.7
28.9
27.6
26.1
25.6
25.0
31.5
30.3
30.6
30.8
29.9
29.5
21.3
24.2
25.5
25.9
26.5
27.7
13.5
16.5
16.3
17.3
18.0
17.8
74.2
68.0
64.2
60.1
58.3
56.3
20.9
25.0
26.9
28.8
29.1
30.6
4.0
5.4
7.1
9.2
10.5
10.9
1.0
1.6
1.8
1.8
2.1
2.2
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
45.5
39.5
36.2
36.1
33.2
29.9
31.8
33.1
31.2
31.1
16.2
19.0
21.5
20.6
24.7
8.4
9.7
9.3
12.1
10.9
84.1
80.2
72.9
71.0
64.2
13.5
16.8
22.2
22.8
27.6
1.9
2.6
4.2
5.5
6.5
0.5
0.4
0.7
0.8
1.7
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
38.2
32.0
29.3
28.6
24.4
24.2
21.3
36.7
38.9
41.0
39.7
40.8
39.5
37.0
18.2
20.5
20.3
20.3
21.9
22.9
27.1
7.0
8.7
9.4
11.3
12.8
13.4
14.6
74.8
62.3
63.1
63.6
59.5
56.4
52.5
22.2
32.2
30.9
32.1
34.8
36.7
39.2
2.8
4.9
5.2
3.3
4.4
5.7
6.9
0.2
0.6
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.4
Mxico a/
1989
1994
1998
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
21.7
19.0
17.3
14.7
14.3
11.8
12.2
10.7
50.4
50.0
49.7
42.9
42.8
42.2
41.6
41.1
13.2
14.0
15.2
23.5
20.8
22.6
23.4
23.6
14.6
16.9
17.8
18.9
22.1
23.4
22.8
24.6
59.8
54.6
47.1
45.2
37.1
37.3
34.0
30.6
34.1
39.4
43.7
40.1
45.4
45.5
46.8
48.0
3.5
4.0
6.3
9.7
10.6
11.9
12.8
13.4
2.6
2.0
3.0
5.0
6.9
5.3
6.4
8.0
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
33.5
33.8
33.6
26.3
25.3
41.0
38.0
36.7
36.8
35.6
18.1
15.3
18.8
21.6
21.7
7.4
12.9
10.9
15.3
17.4
74.1
70.9
71.8
67.3
60.5
21.4
21.8
22.6
25.0
29.5
3.5
4.4
4.4
6.0
7.5
1.1
2.9
1.2
1.8
2.5
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
14.0
11.7
9.3
7.2
7.6
5.2
4.4
3.7
3.5
4.1
46.3
37.6
38.7
36.7
34.4
32.6
30.5
29.9
30.0
27.3
25.3
29.1
29.2
29.8
30.7
31.5
34.3
34.3
34.0
34.3
14.4
21.6
22.8
26.3
27.3
30.7
30.8
32.0
32.4
34.3
47.8
34.0
32.4
26.9
34.8
28.0
25.8
27.1
26.6
26.7
42.3
45.2
45.8
48.0
45.7
46.6
47.5
46.0
46.2
45.6
7.8
14.9
15.2
16.8
13.2
16.9
18.0
18.2
18.7
18.4
2.1
5.8
6.6
8.3
6.3
8.5
8.7
8.7
8.5
9.4
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
1997
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
18.7
14.7
15.7
15.0
15.3
10.8
11.5
9.6
8.7
8.0
40.8
41.6
42.1
39.8
34.4
34.3
31.4
27.4
32.2
26.7
24.8
29.3
25.8
27.9
29.1
32.0
35.4
38.5
36.0
35.8
15.7
14.4
16.4
17.3
21.2
22.9
21.7
24.5
23.1
29.5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Per
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
19.7
20.9
19.0
15.8
16.0
16.1
16.2
17.3
18.2
15.7
14.6
14.2
14.1
14.2
36.8
33.6
34.5
33.3
32.4
32.8
32.2
26.2
27.4
30.8
36.3
37.4
37.0
37.4
62.9
57.8
56.2
51.9
51.8
51.2
51.1
21.7
23.8
24.0
24.0
23.2
24.1
24.2
12.3
13.8
15.1
17.9
18.4
18.2
18.4
3.0
4.5
4.6
6.1
6.6
6.4
6.4
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
22.7
22.0
21.6
20.4
19.1
19.4
17.4
29.0
27.9
26.7
24.3
25.5
24.4
25.3
26.2
27.3
27.8
28.9
29.3
30.1
33.1
22.1
22.9
24.0
26.4
26.1
26.0
24.2
54.6
51.5
42.2
43.6
41.8
40.9
40.2
27.7
28.1
29.6
27.9
29.4
30.1
28.0
12.6
14.2
18.4
20.9
21.6
21.0
22.4
5.0
6.2
9.8
7.6
7.2
8.0
9.3
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
21.3
14.2
12.2
8.4
7.1
6.4
7.4
6.8
6.6
5.2
47.4
46.3
46.9
47.5
43.2
42.7
43.1
42.8
43.2
40.5
21.8
26.2
27.6
28.7
28.5
27.9
26.3
26.5
26.5
27.0
9.5
13.3
13.4
15.3
21.2
23.0
23.2
23.9
23.8
27.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
18.5
17.4
16.9
15.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
62.9
63.6
59.9
59.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
12.4
12.5
14.5
16.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
6.1
6.4
8.7
8.6
Venezuela d/
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
24.3
16.6
16.3
17.3
17.1
14.6
13.0
11.8
11.0
52.3
49.6
45.9
44.6
42.9
38.6
36.9
34.4
32.9
14.7
19.7
22.1
21.5
22.0
25.1
26.1
26.4
27.4
8.7
14.1
15.7
16.6
18.0
21.7
24.0
27.4
28.6
67.0
56.7
51.4
...
...
...
...
...
...
28.8
36.1
37.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
3.5
5.8
7.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.8
1.4
2.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
67.2
69.0
70.2
Las cifras anteriores corresponden a estimaciones a partir de las categoras primaria incompleta, primaria completa, secundaria incompleta, secundaria completa, y superior.
13 aos y ms
Cuadro 28.1
POBLACIN MASCULINA ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA DE 15 AOS Y MS,
SEGN AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
Ao
0 a 5 aos
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2009
2010
2011
18.6
12.5
8.3
7.4
7.7
6.5
6.5
5.7
5.3
40.7
38.8
35.8
26.0
24.7
24.9
Bolivia
1997
2002
2004
2007
2009
25.7
22.0
21.9
16.6
16.5
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
Chile
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
13 aos y ms
0 a 5 aos
32.7
30.7
33.9
41.5
42.2
42.5
13.3
16.3
18.0
19.2
22.7
23.8
26.1
27.3
27.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
21.0
22.0
22.5
17.3
17.1
34.3
33.0
34.2
35.4
36.6
18.9
23.0
21.4
30.7
29.8
68.2
61.6
52.7
50.1
51.8
19.1
23.5
25.1
20.7
22.6
9.0
12.6
16.5
22.3
20.0
3.6
2.4
5.7
7.0
5.6
63.5
51.4
53.7
43.0
40.1
36.4
31.7
28.8
25.8
26.2
19.2
23.8
23.4
26.5
26.0
25.8
24.6
24.2
23.9
23.2
10.4
16.2
15.5
21.4
24.5
27.7
32.1
34.2
36.1
36.3
7.0
8.6
7.4
9.1
9.3
10.0
11.7
12.8
14.2
14.3
93.7
87.3
87.5
81.0
80.8
75.6
70.8
66.9
61.4
63.9
3.9
9.2
8.8
12.8
13.4
16.9
18.4
19.2
21.2
20.9
1.0
2.9
3.1
5.3
5.1
6.8
9.8
12.2
15.3
13.5
1.4
0.6
0.7
0.9
0.6
0.7
1.0
1.7
2.1
1.7
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
13.4
12.3
9.1
7.8
8.2
7.2
6.3
28.8
24.2
22.7
21.6
20.4
18.9
19.0
37.1
40.6
42.3
44.3
46.0
46.8
47.4
20.7
22.8
25.9
26.3
25.4
27.1
27.2
39.1
36.4
34.9
28.9
24.9
21.8
19.7
42.2
42.0
43.2
44.4
41.9
38.0
39.3
13.8
16.0
17.8
22.1
27.5
33.2
33.9
4.9
5.6
4.1
4.6
5.7
7.0
7.2
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
46.8
29.8
36.8
33.8
31.1
31.8
29.9
27.5
27.7
26.9
25.3
28.6
25.5
24.1
22.0
19.7
18.4
20.3
17.6
17.2
15.3
25.4
22.5
27.0
30.1
28.7
29.1
28.2
32.9
33.8
12.7
16.1
15.2
15.1
16.7
19.7
22.6
24.1
21.8
22.2
...
...
78.4
77.0
73.3
...
...
72.2
69.8
67.9
...
...
13.0
12.8
13.2
...
...
15.4
14.6
15.3
...
...
7.2
8.4
10.9
...
...
10.3
13.4
14.2
...
...
1.4
1.8
2.6
...
...
2.1
2.3
2.5
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
21.7
15.7
13.9
12.2
11.0
10.9
9.3
8.5
8.5
8.9
45.6
43.1
41.7
44.9
44.9
43.8
42.9
42.8
44.2
42.9
20.5
22.4
24.7
22.1
21.6
22.5
22.4
23.4
24.3
23.6
12.2
18.8
19.7
20.7
22.4
22.8
25.4
25.3
23.0
24.7
44.9
35.7
33.9
29.1
28.9
25.7
23.0
22.1
24.4
22.8
46.3
50.9
52.7
54.7
55.2
55.0
55.9
55.7
54.9
55.1
6.9
10.0
9.5
10.6
9.4
11.7
12.6
13.7
13.0
13.9
2.0
3.4
3.9
5.7
6.4
7.6
8.5
8.6
7.7
8.2
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
3.5
1.8
1.7
1.5
33.8
30.7
29.1
28.1
25.1
37.3
37.8
39.4
37.5
30.2
31.4
31.0
12.6
6.8
5.9
5.7
54.0
51.0
50.5
48.0
16.8
28.6
30.3
32.5
16.7
13.6
13.3
13.8
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
14.2
10.8
11.2
11.6
9.8
10.2
10.0
9.7
7.3
46.9
41.9
40.8
39.6
36.8
35.9
34.9
33.8
33.3
21.9
26.2
27.2
25.2
29.8
29.4
29.1
29.8
33.9
17.1
21.2
20.8
23.6
23.6
24.5
26.0
26.7
25.5
...
...
...
...
32.8
32.0
31.2
30.8
31.8
...
...
...
...
50.8
50.4
50.5
50.5
48.2
...
...
...
...
12.8
14.2
14.7
14.6
15.4
...
...
...
...
3.6
3.4
3.6
4.1
4.6
El Salvador
1995
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
31.7
27.0
25.3
23.5
24.0
23.4
34.4
32.9
33.5
34.0
32.7
32.3
20.6
23.7
25.3
26.1
27.0
28.3
13.3
16.4
15.9
16.4
16.3
16.0
74.6
68.2
64.3
61.0
59.1
56.5
21.1
25.9
27.6
28.9
30.0
31.5
3.6
4.7
6.9
8.7
9.5
10.4
0.7
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
45.0
36.6
33.9
33.8
30.0
32.1
35.2
35.7
34.1
35.7
14.1
17.7
21.0
19.4
24.2
8.8
10.6
9.3
12.7
10.2
84.2
78.0
71.8
69.0
61.7
14.0
19.1
24.4
25.1
31.0
1.4
2.6
3.3
5.0
5.9
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.8
1.4
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
39.1
32.7
30.0
30.5
26.4
25.9
21.9
38.7
39.3
42.8
41.4
43.1
42.2
41.0
15.1
19.0
17.5
17.4
18.8
19.8
23.5
7.1
9.1
9.8
10.7
11.8
12.1
13.5
76.0
64.9
65.8
66.0
62.5
58.9
54.3
22.1
31.7
29.7
30.8
33.4
36.1
39.3
1.7
2.9
3.9
2.4
3.2
4.3
5.2
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.9
0.8
1.1
Mxico a/
1989
1994
1998
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
23.3
19.1
17.0
15.0
14.4
11.6
12.2
10.9
48.5
49.6
49.0
44.8
44.8
44.3
43.8
43.1
12.3
13.4
16.2
21.2
19.8
21.4
22.5
22.6
15.9
17.8
17.8
18.9
20.9
22.7
21.5
23.4
59.8
54.5
46.5
44.1
38.2
36.4
34.9
31.7
34.1
39.9
44.1
42.4
45.8
47.4
47.7
49.2
3.5
3.7
6.4
8.8
10.5
11.0
11.9
12.7
2.5
1.9
3.0
4.6
5.5
5.2
5.5
6.3
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
33.3
33.9
35.9
27.1
25.6
42.2
40.6
38.6
40.2
38.9
16.6
14.0
15.3
19.2
19.9
7.8
11.5
10.2
13.6
15.5
78.0
74.3
74.7
70.1
63.7
18.2
20.5
20.6
23.7
27.8
2.7
3.0
3.5
4.9
6.6
1.1
2.1
1.2
1.4
1.9
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
16.2
14.2
11.5
8.8
7.9
5.9
4.6
4.1
3.8
4.8
48.3
42.0
42.2
40.9
39.3
37.2
34.9
34.3
34.6
32.7
22.8
26.4
27.5
28.8
30.3
32.2
36.3
35.9
35.5
36.1
12.8
17.5
18.7
21.5
22.5
24.7
24.2
25.7
26.1
26.4
50.6
38.3
36.5
30.6
35.7
28.6
26.0
26.5
26.2
26.5
42.3
46.0
47.2
50.2
49.2
49.4
50.9
49.9
50.4
49.7
5.8
11.9
11.8
13.6
11.5
16.1
17.4
17.5
17.7
17.7
1.3
3.8
4.4
5.5
3.6
5.9
5.7
6.0
5.7
6.1
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
1997
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
17.5
14.6
14.9
13.1
13.9
9.2
11.2
9.8
7.6
7.5
40.8
41.5
43.3
39.6
36.4
35.6
32.9
29.1
33.2
27.6
24.3
30.0
26.2
30.8
29.8
34.5
37.2
39.4
38.6
39.1
17.4
13.8
15.6
16.5
20.0
20.6
18.7
21.7
20.6
25.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Per
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
15.7
17.2
15.8
12.7
12.8
12.7
13.0
17.3
18.6
16.1
14.7
14.6
14.0
14.5
40.1
36.3
36.8
35.8
35.6
36.3
35.3
26.9
27.9
31.3
36.7
37.0
36.9
37.2
54.4
50.6
48.9
44.6
44.3
43.5
43.7
25.9
27.1
26.9
26.6
25.6
26.4
26.9
16.5
17.2
19.1
21.8
22.3
22.5
22.1
3.1
5.2
5.2
7.1
7.8
7.6
7.3
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
25.6
25.1
24.2
23.7
21.6
22.3
20.0
31.6
29.7
29.9
26.6
28.5
27.4
27.8
24.4
25.6
27.4
28.1
28.8
30.2
33.2
18.4
19.6
18.4
21.6
21.1
20.0
18.9
58.1
56.9
46.6
47.9
46.3
45.7
44.6
27.5
27.7
30.6
28.5
29.2
30.9
28.5
10.1
11.4
16.2
19.3
20.4
18.8
21.0
4.4
4.0
6.6
4.3
4.1
4.6
5.9
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
22.9
16.0
13.8
9.8
8.4
7.7
8.5
8.2
7.9
6.3
49.6
49.4
50.5
51.8
47.8
47.1
48.3
47.6
48.0
45.8
20.4
24.3
25.7
26.6
26.9
27.0
25.3
25.7
25.5
26.6
7.2
10.3
10.0
11.8
16.8
18.3
17.8
18.5
18.6
21.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
21.4
20.5
19.9
18.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
63.9
63.9
61.6
60.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
10.6
11.0
12.8
14.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
4.2
4.6
5.7
5.8
Venezuela d/
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
25.6
17.8
18.1
19.7
19.6
17.2
15.5
14.4
13.5
53.8
52.5
48.8
48.0
45.8
42.4
41.2
38.8
37.2
12.5
17.4
19.8
19.7
20.6
24.1
25.9
26.7
28.1
8.1
12.3
13.4
12.7
14.0
16.2
17.4
20.1
21.3
68.7
58.7
55.2
...
...
...
...
...
...
28.0
35.8
36.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
2.6
4.6
6.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.6
1.0
1.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
68.1
71.1
73.7
Cuadro 28.2
POBLACIN FEMENINA ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA DE 15 AOS Y MS,
SEGN AOS DE INSTRUCCIN, ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
6 a 9 aos
10 a 12 aos
Ao
0 a 5 aos
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2009
2010
2011
16.2
14.0
7.7
7.1
6.5
5.5
4.6
3.8
4.1
29.1
27.5
27.0
19.6
18.8
17.9
Bolivia
1997
2002
2004
2007
2009
39.6
33.7
36.4
29.1
26.1
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
Chile
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
13 aos y ms
0 a 5 aos
32.6
33.7
32.1
35.4
35.5
36.9
18.2
20.3
27.7
31.2
32.4
35.4
40.4
41.9
41.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
17.9
20.2
18.7
15.4
14.9
26.3
24.8
24.4
25.8
27.9
16.2
21.3
20.5
29.7
31.1
82.4
79.7
72.9
67.5
66.3
12.0
14.0
15.3
15.3
16.7
3.8
4.9
8.1
12.7
11.4
1.9
1.4
3.8
4.4
5.6
55.7
41.6
53.4
34.9
32.0
29.0
24.6
22.1
19.7
18.3
19.1
25.0
22.7
23.8
23.2
22.4
21.2
20.3
20.2
18.7
16.3
21.7
16.7
28.6
31.2
33.7
37.5
39.0
40.2
41.0
9.0
11.7
7.1
12.7
13.6
14.8
16.7
18.7
19.9
21.9
91.8
80.0
85.4
76.7
76.2
71.9
65.0
60.3
54.4
55.5
4.5
12.7
9.7
13.5
14.2
16.0
18.3
18.8
20.0
18.8
2.0
6.3
4.2
8.3
8.4
10.5
14.4
16.7
20.8
20.3
1.6
1.1
0.7
1.4
1.2
1.6
2.4
4.1
4.8
5.4
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
12.3
10.7
7.2
6.9
6.7
5.8
5.2
23.4
20.4
19.4
17.5
17.4
15.9
15.8
35.0
39.3
42.3
43.7
44.9
45.3
46.0
29.2
29.7
31.0
31.9
31.0
33.1
33.0
25.1
25.1
22.0
19.3
16.2
13.9
13.2
34.8
36.0
39.2
37.4
33.5
29.0
30.0
22.4
25.0
28.4
32.9
38.3
41.5
40.3
17.8
13.9
10.5
10.4
12.0
15.6
16.6
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
47.6
26.5
33.2
29.4
27.1
27.0
24.4
23.1
23.1
22.3
25.4
27.6
22.8
21.7
20.8
18.4
16.7
17.7
15.5
15.2
17.4
29.0
26.8
31.1
33.6
31.2
31.5
28.9
33.7
33.8
9.6
16.9
17.2
17.8
18.5
23.4
27.4
30.4
27.7
28.6
...
...
69.9
63.4
57.5
...
...
60.7
59.5
59.0
...
...
14.8
14.7
15.9
...
...
16.8
16.0
15.6
...
...
12.5
18.2
20.5
...
...
17.0
19.1
19.4
...
...
2.8
3.7
6.2
...
...
5.5
5.4
6.0
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
17.5
11.4
10.6
10.6
8.7
8.2
7.3
6.7
7.4
6.5
38.8
37.5
36.4
37.3
37.7
35.9
34.9
33.0
36.6
36.3
28.0
27.1
27.7
24.9
24.2
23.9
24.8
25.5
24.9
25.8
15.7
24.0
25.3
27.2
29.4
32.0
33.0
34.7
31.2
31.5
31.1
23.5
22.5
18.8
19.0
17.0
15.4
14.2
14.8
14.2
51.3
50.2
52.5
52.3
51.8
49.2
46.0
45.9
48.2
48.6
13.3
17.6
16.6
16.6
15.8
17.6
19.4
20.0
19.4
19.0
4.3
8.7
8.4
12.2
13.5
16.2
19.3
20.0
17.6
18.2
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
1.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
20.8
18.6
16.5
16.1
24.0
36.0
36.5
36.5
53.6
44.7
46.4
46.8
6.4
3.0
1.7
1.7
40.4
35.3
33.7
31.6
21.9
35.1
36.6
38.7
31.2
26.6
28.0
28.0
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
15.1
11.6
11.5
12.7
11.2
10.7
10.8
9.4
9.1
36.6
35.8
34.0
34.1
30.3
30.0
28.3
27.8
27.2
28.0
28.3
30.0
26.8
27.9
27.9
28.5
28.0
28.9
20.2
24.3
24.5
26.3
30.6
31.3
32.3
34.9
34.9
...
...
...
...
39.8
36.3
36.2
35.6
37.2
...
...
...
...
43.7
44.7
43.5
43.5
40.8
...
...
...
...
11.4
13.3
13.9
14.0
14.2
...
...
...
...
5.0
5.8
6.3
6.9
7.9
El Salvador
1995
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
36.2
31.3
30.4
29.2
27.4
26.7
28.0
27.3
27.2
27.0
26.7
26.3
22.0
24.8
25.6
25.6
25.9
27.1
13.8
16.7
16.8
18.2
20.0
19.9
73.0
67.7
63.9
58.0
56.6
55.7
20.3
22.7
25.3
28.5
26.9
28.5
5.0
7.0
7.7
10.4
12.7
12.1
1.7
2.7
3.1
3.0
3.7
3.8
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
46.3
43.3
39.3
39.0
37.9
26.3
27.6
29.3
27.4
24.8
19.8
20.6
22.1
22.2
25.5
7.6
8.5
9.2
11.3
11.9
83.8
85.0
75.8
74.9
70.8
11.2
11.6
16.6
18.0
18.7
4.0
2.8
6.3
6.4
8.0
1.0
0.6
1.3
0.7
2.5
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
36.8
31.0
28.4
26.2
21.9
22.0
20.5
33.7
38.2
38.8
37.4
38.0
35.9
32.2
22.7
22.8
23.8
24.1
25.9
26.9
31.4
6.8
8.0
9.0
12.2
14.2
15.2
15.9
69.6
53.6
56.3
56.1
51.1
50.2
48.1
22.7
33.9
33.8
36.1
38.7
38.2
38.9
7.3
11.4
8.6
6.1
7.9
9.2
10.9
0.4
1.1
1.4
1.6
2.3
2.3
2.0
Mxico a/
1989
1994
1998
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
18.5
18.9
17.7
14.1
14.2
12.1
12.2
10.5
54.4
50.6
50.9
39.8
39.7
39.2
38.4
38.0
15.0
15.1
13.6
27.2
22.3
24.2
24.7
25.0
12.0
15.3
17.8
18.9
23.8
24.4
24.7
26.5
60.0
54.9
48.2
47.1
34.7
38.8
32.2
28.2
33.8
38.4
42.9
35.6
44.8
42.3
45.1
45.5
3.2
4.5
5.9
11.5
10.8
13.4
14.5
14.7
2.9
2.2
3.0
5.7
9.7
5.5
8.2
11.5
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
33.6
33.6
30.4
25.3
24.8
39.5
34.6
34.1
32.4
31.3
20.0
17.0
23.5
24.7
24.0
6.9
14.8
11.9
17.6
19.9
62.3
60.5
63.9
58.7
51.3
30.8
25.6
27.8
29.0
34.3
5.7
8.5
6.9
9.3
9.9
1.2
5.3
1.4
2.9
4.4
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
10.6
7.9
5.7
4.7
7.2
4.2
4.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
43.3
30.7
33.0
30.4
27.7
26.1
24.4
24.0
23.8
20.0
29.1
33.4
31.9
31.3
31.2
30.6
31.6
32.1
32.0
31.9
16.9
28.0
29.4
33.6
33.9
39.1
39.9
40.7
41.1
45.1
32.1
17.5
18.2
15.1
32.0
26.4
25.2
28.3
27.3
26.9
42.2
42.2
40.8
40.8
35.8
39.4
39.0
37.3
36.6
35.6
19.2
26.5
26.8
27.1
18.0
19.0
19.6
19.7
21.1
20.1
6.5
13.8
14.2
17.0
14.1
15.2
16.2
14.7
14.9
17.4
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
1997
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
20.2
14.7
16.8
17.3
17.0
12.7
11.9
9.3
10.1
8.6
40.9
41.8
40.4
40.1
32.1
32.7
29.4
25.2
30.9
25.6
25.4
28.3
25.3
24.5
28.4
29.2
33.0
37.3
32.6
31.7
13.5
15.2
17.5
18.1
22.5
25.5
25.7
28.1
26.5
34.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Per
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
24.6
25.5
23.0
19.5
20.0
19.9
20.0
17.3
17.6
15.2
14.4
13.8
14.2
13.8
32.9
30.2
31.6
30.4
28.5
28.7
28.6
25.2
26.7
30.2
35.7
37.8
37.1
37.7
74.6
67.6
65.6
61.0
60.9
60.5
60.0
16.1
19.5
20.5
20.9
20.2
21.4
20.9
6.6
9.3
10.0
13.2
13.8
13.1
13.8
2.8
3.7
3.9
4.9
5.1
5.0
5.3
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
18.7
17.7
17.6
16.0
15.6
15.5
13.9
25.3
25.4
21.7
21.1
21.3
20.4
22.0
28.7
29.5
28.3
30.0
30.0
30.0
33.0
27.3
27.4
32.5
32.9
33.1
34.1
31.0
45.3
38.5
30.9
34.6
31.3
30.3
30.8
28.4
29.1
26.8
26.4
30.0
28.4
26.9
19.5
21.0
24.2
24.2
24.4
25.8
25.7
6.8
11.4
18.1
14.7
14.3
15.5
16.6
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
18.6
11.6
10.0
6.6
5.4
4.8
6.1
5.1
5.2
4.0
43.7
42.0
42.2
42.1
37.6
37.5
37.0
37.3
37.6
34.3
24.2
29.0
30.0
31.5
30.6
29.0
27.4
27.5
27.5
27.5
13.4
17.4
17.8
19.8
26.5
28.6
29.5
30.1
29.7
34.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
12.3
11.2
11.2
9.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
61.0
63.2
56.8
57.9
...
...
...
...
...
...
16.5
15.6
17.8
18.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
10.3
10.0
14.1
13.8
Venezuela d/
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
21.2
14.0
12.8
13.1
13.4
10.5
9.2
7.6
7.3
48.9
43.9
40.2
38.9
38.4
32.5
30.1
27.7
26.4
19.9
24.3
26.6
24.7
24.2
26.5
26.4
26.1
26.4
9.9
17.8
20.4
23.3
24.0
30.5
34.2
38.6
39.9
56.9
46.7
37.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
33.5
38.0
41.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
8.2
12.1
14.7
...
...
...
...
...
...
1.5
3.2
6.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
65.6
65.7
64.5
Cuadro 29
AOS DE ESTUDIO DE LA POBLACIN DE
15 A 24 AOS, SEGN SEXO, ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En promedios)
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
Hombres
Mujeres
Ambos
sexos
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
Hombres
7.8
9.0
9.1
10.1
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.6
10.8
10.9
7.8
8.9
8.8
9.8
10.2
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.4
10.5
7.7
9.2
9.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11.1
11.2
Mujeres
1989
1994
2002
2004
2007
2009
10.2
10.0
10.1
10.0
10.9
10.8
10.6
10.3
10.2
10.2
10.9
10.8
9.9
9.7
9.9
9.8
10.9
10.8
6.6
7.8
8.8
8.5
7.2
8.4
9.0
9.0
6.0
7.3
8.6
8.1
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
6.4
6.6
6.5
7.5
7.9
8.4
8.8
9.1
9.2
9.2
6.4
6.3
6.2
7.2
7.6
8.0
8.5
8.7
8.9
8.8
6.4
6.8
6.8
7.9
8.2
8.7
9.1
9.4
9.5
9.5
4.2
3.6
3.7
4.9
5.1
5.8
6.5
7.0
7.4
7.3
4.4
3.3
3.4
4.4
4.7
5.4
6.1
6.6
6.9
6.8
4.1
4.0
4.2
5.4
5.5
6.2
6.9
7.5
7.8
7.9
Chile
1987
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
9.9
10.1
10.4
10.6
10.9
11.0
11.2
11.3
9.9
10.0
10.3
10.6
10.8
10.9
11.1
11.2
10.0
10.2
10.5
10.7
11.0
11.1
11.3
11.4
7.4
7.9
8.2
9.0
9.4
10.0
10.3
10.6
7.1
7.6
8.0
8.7
9.3
9.8
10.1
10.3
7.6
8.1
8.4
9.2
9.6
10.1
10.5
10.8
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
7.5
8.5
8.5
8.7
9.2
9.8
10.2
9.8
9.9
10.0
7.6
8.5
8.4
8.6
9.0
9.6
9.9
9.6
9.7
9.7
7.5
8.5
8.7
8.8
9.3
10.0
10.4
10.0
10.2
10.3
5.5
5.8
6.5
6.9
7.3
7.5
5.2
5.5
6.2
6.7
7.0
7.2
5.8
6.2
6.8
7.1
7.7
7.9
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.8
9.1
8.8
8.8
9.0
9.2
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
8.7
8.9
8.8
8.6
8.8
8.9
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.1
8.9
9.3
8.8
9.0
9.1
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.6
9.8
6.7
6.9
6.6
7.0
7.1
7.7
7.9
8.1
8.2
8.3
6.6
6.7
6.5
6.8
6.9
7.4
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
6.8
7.2
6.7
7.1
7.3
7.9
8.2
8.4
8.5
8.7
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
10.4
11.2
11.4
11.3
10.1
11.0
11.2
11.2
10.7
11.4
11.5
11.5
9.2
10.5
10.8
10.7
9.0
10.4
10.6
10.6
9.4
10.6
10.9
10.9
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
9.4
9.7
9.6
9.7
10.2
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
9.1
9.6
9.4
9.5
10.1
10.4
10.5
10.7
10.8
9.6
9.8
9.8
9.8
10.3
10.7
10.9
11.0
11.1
8.0
8.4
8.6
8.7
9.1
7.9
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.9
8.0
8.5
8.7
9.0
9.2
El Salvador
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
8.8
9.0
9.2
9.1
9.4
9.4
8.7
8.9
9.2
9.1
9.2
9.3
8.9
9.0
9.2
9.1
9.5
9.6
5.2
5.5
6.0
6.3
6.9
7.1
5.2
5.5
6.0
6.3
6.7
7.0
5.1
5.5
5.9
6.4
7.1
7.2
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
6.7
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.9
7.3
7.6
8.0
7.9
8.0
6.2
7.5
7.3
7.4
7.8
2.9
3.6
4.3
4.5
5.5
3.4
4.1
4.8
5.1
5.9
2.4
3.1
3.9
4.1
5.0
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
7.0
7.3
7.6
7.9
8.3
8.5
9.2
6.9
7.2
7.3
7.6
8.1
8.3
8.8
7.0
7.4
7.8
8.1
8.5
8.7
9.5
4.1
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.5
5.9
6.3
3.9
4.7
4.7
4.7
5.1
5.6
6.0
4.3
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.9
6.1
6.7
Mxico a/
1984
1989
1994
2002
2004
2008
2010
9.7
8.7
8.9
9.8
10.0
10.2
10.4
9.9
8.9
9.0
9.9
9.8
10.1
10.2
9.5
8.6
8.8
9.8
10.1
10.4
10.6
8.3
6.8
7.0
7.9
8.2
8.7
9.0
8.5
6.8
6.9
7.9
8.2
8.6
8.7
8.1
6.7
7.1
7.9
8.2
8.8
9.2
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
7.0
7.5
7.9
8.4
8.7
6.8
7.2
7.4
8.0
8.3
7.2
7.8
8.3
8.8
9.1
3.6
4.2
4.3
5.2
5.8
3.3
3.8
4.0
4.9
5.5
4.0
4.6
4.6
5.6
6.2
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
9.2
9.6
9.6
10.0
10.2
10.6
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
9.0
9.2
9.3
9.8
9.9
10.4
10.3
10.4
10.3
10.3
9.3
9.9
9.9
10.3
10.5
10.9
11.1
11.0
11.0
11.0
6.9
7.6
7.6
8.0
7.4
8.1
8.3
8.6
8.5
8.6
6.8
7.3
7.3
7.6
7.3
8.0
8.2
8.4
8.4
8.5
7.0
8.0
8.1
8.4
7.5
8.1
8.4
8.8
8.7
8.7
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.7
9.3
9.1
9.6
10.0
10.3
10.5
10.2
10.8
9.0
9.5
9.1
9.6
10.0
10.1
10.3
10.2
10.8
8.5
9.1
9.0
9.6
10.0
10.4
10.7
10.2
10.8
Per
1997
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
9.0
10.1
10.6
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.2
9.0
10.2
10.5
10.9
10.9
11.0
11.1
9.0
10.1
10.6
11.0
11.1
11.1
11.2
6.1
7.6
7.8
8.6
8.8
8.8
9.0
6.4
7.9
8.2
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.1
5.7
7.2
7.2
8.2
8.5
8.6
8.8
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
9.4
9.5
9.7
10.0
10.0
10.2
10.2
8.8
9.1
9.2
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.7
9.9
9.9
10.2
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.7
6.7
7.1
8.3
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.9
6.3
6.5
7.7
7.9
8.1
8.0
8.3
7.2
7.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.4
9.6
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.6
9.2
9.2
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.5
9.6
9.5
9.7
8.4
8.9
8.9
9.1
9.2
9.4
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.4
8.7
9.4
9.5
9.8
10.0
10.0
9.9
9.9
9.8
10.1
8.6
8.6
8.8
9.0
8.1
8.1
8.4
8.5
9.0
9.0
9.3
9.4
Venezuela d/
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
8.0
8.4
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.6
10.0
10.3
10.5
7.7
8.2
8.4
8.2
8.5
9.1
9.5
9.8
10.0
8.2
8.7
9.1
9.3
9.4
10.2
10.6
10.9
11.0
5.1
5.7
6.0
4.9
5.2
5.7
5.4
6.2
6.4
Pas
Ao
Ambos
sexos
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2004
2006
2009
2010
2011
Bolivia
b/ A partir de 1993, se ampli la cobertura geogrfica de la encuesta hasta abarcar prcticamente la totalidad de la poblacin urbana
del pas. Hasta 1992, la encuesta cubra alrededor de la mitad de dicha poblacin, con la nica excepcin de 1991, ao en que se
realiz una encuesta de carcter nacional. Por lo tanto, las cifras de 1980 y 1990 se refieren solo a ocho ciudades principales.
Cuadro 30
AOS DE ESTUDIO DE LA POBLACIN DE
25 A 59 AOS, SEGN SEXO, ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En promedios)
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
Hombres
Mujeres
Ambos
sexos
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
Hombres
7.4
8.8
9.0
10.2
10.5
10.5
10.9
11.5
11.7
11.8
7.0
8.9
9.0
10.1
10.2
10.4
10.6
11.3
11.5
11.6
7.7
8.8
9.0
10.3
10.7
10.7
11.2
11.7
11.9
12.0
Mujeres
1989
1994
2002
2004
2007
2009
8.8
9.3
9.2
8.9
10.5
10.5
9.9
10.3
10.1
9.9
11.4
11.1
7.8
8.3
8.3
8.0
9.7
9.8
4.0
4.9
5.2
5.4
5.1
6.1
6.5
6.4
3.0
3.7
4.0
4.5
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
5.1
6.2
6.3
7.0
7.2
7.5
8.0
8.4
8.8
8.7
5.3
6.3
6.4
6.9
7.1
7.4
7.9
8.2
8.6
8.5
4.9
6.1
6.2
7.1
7.2
7.6
8.2
8.5
8.9
8.9
2.4
2.6
2.7
3.3
3.2
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.2
4.7
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.2
3.0
3.3
3.8
4.1
4.9
4.3
2.3
2.6
2.8
3.4
3.4
3.8
4.4
4.9
5.5
5.2
Chile
1987
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
9.3
9.7
10.2
10.9
11.1
11.1
11.4
11.5
9.7
10.1
10.4
11.1
11.3
11.3
11.5
11.6
9.0
9.4
10.0
10.7
10.9
11.0
11.3
11.4
5.5
6.2
6.6
6.8
7.3
7.9
8.4
8.6
5.6
6.2
6.7
6.8
7.3
7.8
8.3
8.6
5.5
6.1
6.5
6.9
7.3
7.9
8.4
8.6
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
6.8
8.2
8.1
8.3
8.6
9.3
9.7
9.4
9.4
9.6
7.4
8.6
8.5
8.6
8.9
9.4
9.8
9.5
9.4
9.5
6.2
7.8
7.8
8.1
8.4
9.2
9.6
9.3
9.4
9.6
4.1
4.4
4.8
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.1
4.3
4.7
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.1
4.4
4.9
4.8
5.0
5.1
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.5
9.6
9.1
9.3
9.4
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.7
9.8
7.9
10.0
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.8
9.9
9.7
9.8
7.3
9.3
8.9
9.1
9.3
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.7
9.8
4.6
6.3
6.0
6.5
6.5
6.9
7.1
7.2
6.9
7.1
4.7
6.6
6.0
6.5
6.5
6.8
7.0
7.1
6.8
7.0
4.5
6.0
6.0
6.5
6.5
7.0
7.2
7.3
7.1
7.3
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.2
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.1
10.9
11.0
11.2
11.2
8.6
9.2
9.4
9.5
8.8
9.4
9.6
9.6
8.4
9.1
9.3
9.4
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.9
9.7
9.9
10.1
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.7
10.8
9.2
10.0
10.1
10.3
10.5
10.5
10.6
10.8
10.9
8.6
9.5
9.7
9.9
10.2
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.7
5.8
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.5
6.1
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.7
5.5
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.3
El Salvador
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
7.9
8.2
8.3
8.6
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.3
9.2
9.1
7.4
7.7
7.9
8.0
8.4
8.4
2.9
3.2
3.5
3.8
4.1
4.2
3.3
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.4
4.6
2.6
2.9
3.2
3.5
3.9
3.9
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
5.6
6.5
6.5
7.0
7.1
6.4
7.2
7.3
7.8
7.9
4.9
5.8
5.8
6.4
6.4
1.5
1.9
2.4
2.5
3.0
1.9
2.4
2.9
3.2
3.6
1.1
1.4
1.9
2.0
2.4
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
6.4
7.0
7.3
7.5
7.8
7.9
8.2
6.8
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.9
7.9
8.2
6.1
6.6
7.1
7.4
7.7
7.8
8.3
2.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.9
4.1
2.6
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.7
3.8
3.9
2.4
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.3
Mxico a/
1984
1989
1994
2002
2004
2008
2010
8.4
7.5
8.0
9.1
9.4
9.8
10.1
8.8
8.1
8.5
9.6
9.8
10.1
10.5
8.1
7.0
7.6
8.7
9.0
9.5
9.9
6.9
4.7
5.0
5.3
6.2
6.3
6.7
7.1
5.0
5.3
5.5
6.5
6.6
7.0
6.7
4.5
4.8
5.1
5.9
6.1
6.5
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
6.4
7.0
6.9
7.8
8.2
6.8
7.4
7.1
8.0
8.2
6.0
6.6
6.7
7.7
8.1
2.4
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.9
2.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.9
2.3
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.8
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.5
9.6
9.9
10.4
10.8
11.1
11.4
11.5
11.5
11.8
8.6
9.6
9.9
10.4
10.6
10.9
11.2
11.3
11.3
11.4
8.3
9.7
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.3
11.6
11.7
11.7
12.1
4.4
6.1
6.4
7.1
6.4
7.1
7.4
7.3
7.4
7.3
4.4
6.1
6.3
6.9
6.3
7.1
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
4.3
6.2
6.6
7.2
6.5
7.1
7.5
7.4
7.4
7.3
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.8
9.0
8.9
9.6
10.1
9.8
10.5
10.4
10.8
9.4
9.3
9.2
9.9
10.3
10.0
10.7
10.6
11.0
8.3
8.8
8.6
9.3
10.0
9.6
10.4
10.3
10.6
Per
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
10.1
10.2
10.6
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
10.9
10.9
11.3
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.7
9.5
9.6
10.0
10.7
10.8
10.7
10.8
4.6
5.1
5.3
5.7
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.7
6.3
6.4
6.8
7.0
7.0
7.0
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.8
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.9
9.1
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.7
8.9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.5
9.4
9.4
8.9
9.1
9.5
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.9
5.1
5.4
6.5
6.3
6.4
6.6
6.8
5.2
5.2
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.4
5.0
5.6
6.7
6.5
6.8
7.1
7.2
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.3
8.3
8.6
9.2
9.7
9.9
9.9
10.0
10.0
10.3
7.3
8.3
8.6
9.0
9.5
9.6
9.5
9.6
9.6
9.9
7.3
8.4
8.7
9.3
9.9
10.2
10.2
10.3
10.3
10.6
7.2
7.3
7.6
7.6
6.9
7.0
7.3
7.3
7.5
7.6
8.0
7.9
Venezuela c/
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
6.8
8.2
8.3
8.3
8.6
9.2
9.5
9.9
10.1
7.3
8.4
8.4
8.2
8.3
8.8
9.0
9.3
9.5
6.4
8.0
8.1
8.5
8.8
9.5
10.0
10.4
10.7
3.1
4.0
4.7
3.3
4.2
4.7
2.7
3.8
4.6
Pas
Ao
Ambos
sexos
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2004
2006
2009
2010
2011
Bolivia
del pas. Hasta 1992, la encuesta cubra alrededor de la mitad de dicha poblacin, con excepcin de 1991, ao en que se
Cuadro 31
AOS DE ESTUDIO DE LA POBLACIN ECONMICAMENTE ACTIVA DE 15 AOS Y MS,
SEGN SEXO, ZONAS URBANAS Y RURALES, 1980 - 2011
(En promedios)
Zonas urbanas
Aos de instruccin
Hombres
Mujeres
Ambos
sexos
Zonas rurales
Aos de instruccin
Hombres
7.4
8.7
9.3
10.4
10.7
10.7
11.0
11.6
11.8
11.8
7.0
8.6
9.0
10.0
10.2
10.3
10.6
11.1
11.3
11.4
8.2
8.9
9.7
11.1
11.2
11.1
11.7
12.3
12.5
12.4
Mujeres
1989
1994
2002
2004
2007
2009
9.0
9.3
9.2
9.0
10.4
10.5
9.7
10.0
9.8
9.7
10.9
10.8
8.2
8.5
8.6
8.3
9.7
10.0
4.5
5.1
5.5
5.5
5.3
6.1
6.5
6.3
3.3
3.9
4.5
4.6
Brasil
1979
1990
1993
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2009
2011
5.9
6.7
6.0
7.3
7.6
8.0
8.5
8.8
9.1
9.1
5.6
6.3
6.0
6.9
7.2
7.5
8.1
8.3
8.7
8.6
6.4
7.2
6.0
7.9
8.1
8.5
9.0
9.3
9.6
9.7
3.1
3.0
2.8
3.5
3.5
3.9
4.4
4.8
5.5
5.0
3.0
2.7
2.7
3.3
3.3
3.7
4.1
4.5
5.2
4.6
3.4
3.5
2.9
3.8
3.8
4.3
4.8
5.3
6.0
5.7
Chile
1987
1990
1994
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
9.9
10.2
10.6
11.1
11.3
11.3
11.6
11.7
9.7
10.0
10.4
10.9
11.2
11.1
11.4
11.5
10.3
10.6
10.9
11.4
11.6
11.6
11.9
11.9
6.2
6.7
7.1
7.2
7.7
8.3
8.8
9.0
5.9
6.4
6.8
6.8
7.4
7.9
8.4
8.6
7.6
8.5
8.4
8.4
8.8
9.3
9.8
9.9
Colombia b/
1980
1990
1991
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2010
2011
7.1
8.7
8.4
8.6
8.9
9.5
9.9
9.6
9.6
9.7
7.2
8.6
8.2
8.4
8.7
9.2
9.6
9.3
9.3
9.4
6.9
8.8
8.6
8.9
9.1
9.8
10.3
10.0
10.0
10.1
4.3
4.7
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.3
4.1
4.3
4.7
4.7
4.9
5.1
4.9
5.6
6.1
5.8
5.9
6.0
Costa Rica
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.1
10.1
9.2
9.3
9.5
9.8
10.0
10.1
9.9
10.0
7.8
9.7
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.7
9.5
9.6
8.6
10.6
9.7
9.7
10.0
10.3
10.5
10.7
10.4
10.5
5.4
6.7
6.2
6.6
6.7
7.1
7.4
7.6
7.4
7.5
5.2
6.4
5.9
6.3
6.3
6.7
6.9
7.1
6.9
7.0
6.3
7.8
7.1
7.5
7.7
8.1
8.5
8.7
8.5
8.6
Cuba c/
2002
2006
2007
2008
11.1
11.7
11.6
11.6
10.7
11.4
11.2
11.3
11.7
12.5
12.0
12.1
9.1
9.8
10.1
10.2
8.8
9.5
9.7
9.8
10.1
10.8
11.0
11.1
Ecuador
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
9.0
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.7
10.8
8.8
9.6
9.6
9.8
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.6
9.3
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.5
10.7
10.8
11.1
11.1
5.9
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.2
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.3
5.7
6.0
6.0
6.2
6.1
El Salvador
1997
1999
2001
2004
2009
2010
8.1
8.3
8.5
8.7
8.8
8.8
8.2
8.5
8.6
8.8
8.8
8.8
7.9
8.2
8.3
8.5
8.8
8.9
3.5
3.9
4.2
4.6
4.8
4.9
3.5
3.8
4.1
4.5
4.7
4.9
3.6
4.0
4.4
4.9
5.1
5.1
Guatemala
1989
1998
2004
2006
2010
6.1
6.7
6.9
7.2
7.3
6.2
6.9
7.1
3.3
7.5
6.0
6.4
6.6
5.4
7.1
2.2
2.5
3.1
7.4
3.9
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.5
4.0
2.2
2.1
3.1
5.4
3.6
Honduras
1990
1994
1999
2003
2006
2007
2010
6.5
7.1
7.2
7.4
7.9
8.0
8.5
6.4
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.6
7.6
8.2
6.8
7.2
7.4
7.8
8.3
8.4
8.8
2.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
2.8
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.3
3.4
4.7
4.4
4.4
4.8
4.8
5.1
Mxico a/
1984
1989
1994
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
8.9
8.0
8.3
9.4
9.6
10.0
9.9
10.2
8.8
8.0
8.3
9.4
9.5
9.9
9.8
10.1
9.0
8.1
8.3
9.6
9.8
10.0
10.1
10.4
7.2
5.2
5.5
5.6
6.4
6.4
6.7
7.1
7.2
5.2
5.5
5.6
6.3
6.4
6.6
6.9
7.3
5.2
5.5
5.6
6.7
6.3
7.0
7.6
Nicaragua
1993
1998
2001
2005
2009
6.8
7.1
7.1
8.0
8.2
6.8
7.0
6.8
7.7
8.0
6.9
7.3
7.5
8.3
8.6
3.0
3.5
3.4
3.8
4.4
2.7
3.2
3.2
3.6
4.1
4.1
4.6
4.1
4.6
5.2
Panam
1979
1991
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.9
9.9
10.2
10.6
10.7
11.2
11.5
11.6
11.6
11.9
8.6
9.2
9.6
10.1
10.3
10.7
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.2
9.5
10.8
11.0
11.5
11.3
12.0
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.8
5.0
6.4
6.6
7.1
6.3
7.0
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.3
4.7
5.8
6.0
6.5
5.9
6.7
6.9
6.9
7.0
7.0
6.8
8.6
8.6
9.0
7.3
7.7
8.1
7.7
7.9
8.1
Paraguay
(Asuncin)
1986
1990
1994
2001
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
8.9
9.2
9.1
9.7
10.1
10.1
10.6
10.4
11.0
9.1
9.2
9.1
9.8
10.2
10.0
10.5
10.4
10.9
8.6
9.1
9.1
9.7
10.1
10.2
10.8
10.5
11.2
Per
1999
2001
2003
2008
2009
2010
2011
10.0
10.0
10.4
10.9
11.0
10.9
10.9
10.4
10.4
10.8
11.2
11.2
11.3
11.2
9.4
9.6
10.0
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
4.8
5.3
5.4
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.6
6.1
6.3
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.7
3.7
4.1
4.3
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.8
Rep. Dominicana
2000
2002
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.8
9.9
9.9
9.9
8.8
8.9
8.9
9.2
9.3
9.3
9.4
10.0
10.0
10.4
10.6
10.7
10.7
10.6
5.5
5.8
6.7
6.6
6.7
6.8
7.0
5.1
5.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.2
6.4
6.5
7.2
8.4
7.9
8.0
8.2
8.3
Uruguay
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.8
8.6
8.8
9.3
9.8
10.0
9.9
9.9
9.9
10.3
7.5
8.2
8.4
8.9
9.3
9.5
9.3
9.4
9.4
9.8
8.2
9.2
9.3
9.8
10.4
10.6
10.5
10.5
10.5
11.0
7.1
7.2
7.5
7.6
6.7
6.8
7.1
7.2
7.8
7.9
8.3
8.4
Venezuela d/
1981
1990
1994
1999
2002
2006
2008
2010
2011
7.2
8.4
8.5
8.5
8.6
9.2
9.5
9.9
10.1
7.0
8.1
8.1
7.9
8.1
8.6
8.8
9.1
9.3
7.7
9.2
9.3
9.5
9.4
10.3
10.6
11.1
11.3
3.5
4.3
4.9
3.4
4.1
4.6
4.3
5.3
6.3
Pas
Ao
Ambos
sexos
Argentina a/
(Gran Buenos
Aires)
1980
1990
1994
1999
2002
2004
2006
2009
2010
2011
Bolivia
del pas. Hasta 1992, la encuesta cubra alrededor de la mitad de dicha poblacin, con excepcin de 1991, ao en que se
Cuadro 32
CLASIFICACIN DE LOS JVENES DE 15 A 19 AOS, SEGN SU SITUACIN A LO LARGO DEL CICLO ESCOLAR, TOTAL NACIONAL, ALREDEDOR DE 2011
(En porcentajes)
a/
Situacin de estudios
Pas
Ao
Sexo
Desertores
No ingresaron
Desertores al
tempranos
al sistema
finalizar el
(durante el ciclo
educativo
ciclo primario
primario)
Bolivia
Ambos sexos
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
1.8
1.4
2.3
1.7
1.6
1.9
9.5
7.2
11.8
17.0
13.4
20.8
7.0
7.5
6.6
11.1
12.7
9.4
45.7
48.7
42.7
18.7
17.4
20.1
82.5
86.3
78.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.4
2.9
1.8
1.0
1.3
0.8
1.4
1.7
1.0
6.7
7.7
5.6
8.1
8.5
7.7
17.2
19.2
15.1
15.5
19.0
12.0
10.0
10.7
9.4
36.8
33.1
40.7
18.1
15.1
21.1
80.4
77.9
83.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.6
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.8
0.7
9.1
9.0
9.3
10.9
11.3
10.6
5.2
6.6
3.6
11.6
12.6
10.5
47.6
45.4
49.9
24.6
24.0
25.2
89.0
88.6
89.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.0
1.2
0.7
3.3
4.2
2.3
4.6
4.9
4.2
8.5
8.9
8.1
4.3
3.7
5.0
20.7
21.7
19.6
13.0
15.7
10.2
10.5
11.3
9.7
25.8
24.8
26.7
29.0
25.2
33.0
78.3
77.0
79.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.5
0.8
0.2
2.5
2.7
2.4
12.1
13.6
10.4
5.2
6.2
4.3
1.9
2.1
1.8
21.7
24.6
18.9
20.9
24.2
17.4
11.5
11.9
11.2
25.6
22.5
29.0
19.6
16.1
23.3
77.6
74.7
80.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.6
1.9
1.4
4.2
4.4
3.9
6.5
7.4
5.6
6.5
5.4
7.5
18.8
19.1
18.4
5.2
5.8
4.5
6.2
7.3
5.2
47.4
47.2
47.6
21.4
19.4
23.3
80.2
79.7
80.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.4
2.6
2.2
11.0
11.7
10.4
5.5
5.1
5.9
6.5
6.1
7.0
9.5
8.7
10.2
32.5
31.6
33.5
8.7
10.6
6.7
8.3
9.2
7.4
37.3
36.5
38.1
10.8
9.6
12.1
65.1
65.9
64.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
7.7
5.8
9.7
16.2
12.7
19.7
15.1
16.8
13.3
3.7
3.4
3.9
4.6
4.6
4.6
39.6
37.5
41.5
14.3
16.6
12.0
10.1
11.8
8.4
20.9
21.0
20.8
7.4
7.3
7.5
52.7
56.7
48.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.3
4.0
2.5
10.6
11.7
9.3
24.2
26.4
21.8
4.1
3.9
4.4
6.1
6.2
6.0
45.0
48.2
41.5
14.3
15.0
13.6
8.7
8.1
9.4
15.1
13.3
17.1
13.6
11.4
16.0
51.7
47.8
56.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.3
1.5
1.0
2.7
3.5
1.9
7.3
7.7
6.9
4.9
5.8
3.9
21.7
21.7
21.8
36.6
38.7
34.5
3.4
3.8
2.9
6.7
7.2
6.1
36.1
34.3
38.1
16.0
14.6
17.5
62.2
59.9
64.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.2
5.9
4.5
17.1
21.2
12.8
9.6
9.9
9.2
9.5
9.0
10.0
3.9
2.8
5.2
40.1
42.9
37.2
21.5
23.8
19.2
8.3
7.0
9.7
12.5
9.8
15.4
12.3
10.7
14.1
54.6
51.3
58.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.1
0.9
1.2
2.7
3.1
2.3
7.3
7.9
6.7
6.2
7.0
5.3
7.8
8.6
7.0
24.0
26.6
21.3
8.3
10.5
6.0
9.6
11.8
7.3
41.1
36.0
46.3
16.0
14.1
17.9
75.0
72.4
77.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.1
5.2
5.8
4.5
8.0
7.4
8.7
5.5
5.6
5.4
6.3
5.9
6.7
25.0
24.7
25.3
8.7
10.0
7.3
9.9
8.9
10.8
43.1
42.8
43.5
13.3
13.5
13.1
75.0
75.2
74.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.5
0.5
0.4
2.9
2.7
3.2
4.2
4.1
4.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
8.2
8.1
8.3
20.8
20.4
21.4
5.0
5.9
4.1
5.4
6.3
4.6
26.0
25.5
26.6
42.2
41.5
42.9
78.6
79.2
78.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.7
2.4
0.9
4.3
6.2
2.2
1.4
1.6
1.2
2.2
1.8
2.6
6.2
6.4
6.0
14.1
16.0
12.0
17.8
22.4
12.9
10.5
11.0
9.9
36.6
32.1
41.4
19.3
16.0
22.9
84.2
81.5
87.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
1.9
2.4
1.2
10.7
13.4
7.9
10.4
11.9
8.8
8.5
8.8
8.2
31.5
36.5
26.1
10.3
11.0
9.5
11.1
11.9
10.2
36.8
32.2
41.9
10.1
8.2
12.2
68.3
63.3
73.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.2
1.6
0.8
2.7
3.6
1.7
4.8
6.3
3.2
5.0
5.8
4.1
4.4
4.3
4.6
16.9
20.0
13.6
8.0
9.4
6.5
7.1
7.8
6.5
28.0
26.4
29.7
38.8
34.8
43.0
81.9
78.4
85.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Paraguay
4.0
3.2
4.8
2009
Ambos sexos
Panam
0.4
0.4
0.4
2010
Ambos sexos
Nicaragua
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Per
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Rep. Dominicana
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Uruguay
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Venezuela (Repblica
Bolivariana de)
Subtotal
estudiantes y
egresados
2010
Ambos sexos
Mxico
Egresados
2010
Ambos sexos
Honduras
Estudiantes al
da
2010
Ambos sexos
Guatemala
Estudiantes
poco
retrasados
2011
Ambos sexos
El Salvador
Estudiantes
muy retrasados
2011
Ambos sexos
Ecuador
Subtotal
desertores
2011
Ambos sexos
Costa Rica
Desertores al
finalizar la baja
secundaria o
durante el ciclo de
alta secundaria
2011
Ambos sexos
Colombia
Desertores
durante el ciclo
de baja
secundaria
2011
Ambos sexos
Chile
Estudiantes y egresados
2009
Hombres
Brasil
Total
Desertores escolares
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
a/ La metodologa de construccin de las tasas de desercin puede verse en CEPAL, Panorama social de Amrica Latina 2001-2002 (LC/G/2183-P), recuadro III.1, salvo que la distincin de los ciclos
se basa estrictamente en la Clasificacin Internacional Normalizada de la Educacin (CINE) 1997.
Cuadro 33
CLASIFICACIN DE LOS JVENES DE 15 A 19 AOS, SEGN SU SITUACIN A LO LARGO DEL CICLO ESCOLAR, ZONAS URBANAS, ALREDEDOR DE 2011
(En porcentajes)
a/
Pas
Ao
Sexo
No ingresaron
Desertores
Desertores al
al sistema
tempranos
finalizar el
educativo
(durante el ciclo ciclo primario
primario)
Argentina
Hombres
Mujeres
Ambos sexos
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
6.3
7.4
5.3
7.1
7.3
6.9
17.5
20.0
14.9
7.6
9.2
6.1
8.5
8.8
8.3
27.7
26.9
28.6
38.4
35.0
41.9
82.2
79.9
84.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.1
0.1
2.3
2.2
2.4
0.8
0.4
1.2
0.9
0.9
0.9
7.8
7.2
8.4
11.8
10.7
12.9
6.5
6.8
6.2
11.0
11.9
10.1
47.5
50.3
44.8
23.0
20.1
26.0
88.0
89.1
87.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.2
2.7
1.7
0.7
1.0
0.5
1.1
1.5
0.8
6.2
7.3
5.1
8.1
8.6
7.6
16.1
18.4
14.0
13.5
16.6
10.4
9.9
10.5
9.2
38.4
35.2
41.6
19.7
16.7
22.9
81.5
79.0
84.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.6
0.2
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.7
0.7
8.9
8.3
9.4
10.5
10.2
10.7
5.1
6.4
3.6
11.6
12.5
10.6
47.8
46.0
49.8
24.9
24.6
25.2
89.4
89.5
89.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.6
0.8
0.5
1.7
2.3
1.1
2.7
2.9
2.5
7.2
8.1
6.3
4.3
3.8
4.8
15.9
17.1
14.7
11.0
13.0
8.9
10.5
11.5
9.5
28.3
27.5
29.1
33.7
30.1
37.3
83.5
82.1
84.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.3
0.6
0.1
1.4
1.7
1.1
9.8
10.2
9.5
4.5
6.0
2.8
1.4
1.5
1.3
17.1
19.4
14.7
21.8
24.3
19.1
11.3
12.9
9.6
26.2
23.6
29.0
23.3
19.2
27.6
82.6
80.0
85.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.9
1.1
0.7
1.2
0.9
1.6
0.7
0.7
0.6
2.1
2.3
1.8
2.6
2.9
2.3
4.8
5.5
4.1
5.0
6.2
3.8
6.4
6.2
6.7
6.0
5.5
6.4
14.5
14.9
14.2
14.3
15.3
13.1
4.4
4.2
4.7
3.6
3.4
3.8
6.8
7.8
5.8
5.4
7.5
3.2
50.5
50.3
50.8
51.2
49.7
52.6
23.3
22.4
24.2
24.8
23.1
26.6
85.0
84.7
85.5
85.0
83.7
86.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.4
1.2
1.5
6.6
7.2
6.0
2.8
2.6
2.9
5.2
4.8
5.5
8.5
8.4
8.6
23.1
23.0
23.0
7.7
9.1
6.3
8.4
9.9
6.8
45.2
43.7
46.7
14.3
13.0
15.7
75.6
75.7
75.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.8
3.3
4.4
7.8
7.3
8.2
9.8
10.1
9.4
4.0
3.2
4.7
5.9
5.0
6.8
27.5
25.6
29.1
14.1
16.2
12.2
12.7
15.4
10.2
29.6
27.7
31.4
12.3
11.9
12.7
68.7
71.2
66.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.8
1.8
1.9
3.9
4.5
3.4
12.3
13.4
11.3
4.3
5.4
3.1
4.7
4.4
4.9
25.2
27.7
22.7
16.1
18.0
14.1
11.3
11.1
11.6
22.9
21.3
24.6
22.6
20.1
25.2
72.9
70.5
75.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.8
2.6
0.9
4.6
4.9
4.2
4.4
5.3
3.4
19.0
18.7
19.3
29.8
31.5
27.8
3.5
4.4
2.5
7.4
7.5
7.3
39.8
38.1
41.5
18.9
17.8
20.1
69.6
67.8
71.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.4
3.1
1.8
8.7
11.0
6.5
5.9
6.1
5.7
10.3
11.3
9.3
4.8
3.7
5.9
29.7
32.1
27.4
21.7
24.0
19.4
11.2
10.4
12.0
16.4
13.3
19.6
18.5
17.2
19.9
67.8
64.9
70.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.3
0.4
0.3
1.0
1.3
0.7
3.7
4.1
3.3
5.4
6.8
4.0
7.6
7.8
7.4
17.7
20.0
15.4
6.2
8.1
4.4
10.0
12.7
7.4
45.3
40.4
50.2
20.4
18.3
22.5
81.9
79.5
84.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.1
0.1
2.0
2.7
1.4
4.4
4.0
4.8
4.1
4.7
3.6
5.0
4.2
5.9
15.5
15.6
15.7
7.2
7.8
6.6
9.6
8.4
10.7
48.8
49.9
47.6
18.8
18.1
19.4
84.4
84.2
84.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.4
0.4
0.3
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.2
2.4
4.6
4.5
4.7
7.8
7.6
7.9
16.4
15.9
16.7
3.3
3.6
3.0
4.2
5.1
3.4
26.9
26.8
27.0
48.9
48.2
49.6
83.3
83.7
83.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.1
1.7
0.5
3.2
4.8
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.7
1.2
2.2
6.1
6.5
5.6
12.0
13.5
10.3
17.2
21.4
12.7
10.3
11.3
9.2
38.4
34.1
43.0
21.1
18.0
24.4
87.0
84.8
89.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
1.8
2.4
1.3
9.9
12.5
7.1
10.4
11.8
8.9
8.3
8.5
8.2
30.4
35.2
25.5
10.7
11.5
9.9
11.4
12.3
10.4
37.1
32.6
42.0
10.2
8.3
12.2
69.4
64.7
74.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Paraguay
0.9
1.3
0.5
2009
Ambos sexos
Panam
3.2
4.0
2.2
2010
Ambos sexos
Nicaragua
0.2
0.1
0.2
2010
Ambos sexos
Mxico
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Per
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Rep. Dominicana
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Uruguay
Subtotal
estudiantes y
egresados
2010
Ambos sexos
Honduras
Egresados
2010
Ambos sexos
Guatemala
Estudiantes al
da
2010
Ambos sexos
El Salvador
Estudiantes
poco
retrasados
2011
Ambos sexos
Ecuador
Estudiantes
muy retrasados
2011
Ambos sexos
Costa Rica
Subtotal
desertores
2011
Ambos sexos
Colombia
Desertores al
finalizar la baja
secundaria o
durante el ciclo
de alta
secundaria
2011
Ambos sexos
Chile
Desertores
durante el ciclo
de baja
secundaria
2009
Hombres
Brasil
2011
Ambos sexos
Bolivia
Total
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Cuadro 34
CLASIFICACIN DE LOS JVENES DE 15 A 19 AOS, SEGN SU SITUACIN A LO LARGO DEL CICLO ESCOLAR, ZONAS RURALES, ALREDEDOR DE 2011
(En porcentajes)
a/
Pas
Ao
Sexo
Bolivia
Ambos sexos
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
Hombres
Mujeres
8.0
8.8
7.3
11.2
14.4
8.2
41.8
45.3
38.6
9.9
11.6
8.4
70.9
80.1
62.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.1
3.8
2.3
2.4
2.8
2.0
2.5
3.1
1.8
8.9
9.9
7.8
7.9
7.8
8.0
21.7
23.6
19.6
25.4
30.1
20.1
10.9
11.6
10.2
29.1
23.1
36.1
9.7
7.8
11.8
75.1
72.6
78.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.6
1.0
0.3
1.2
1.7
0.6
1.1
1.2
0.9
11.1
13.7
8.4
14.0
17.6
10.2
6.1
8.3
3.7
11.8
13.4
10.2
45.6
41.2
50.3
22.3
19.3
25.5
85.8
82.2
89.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.0
2.3
1.5
8.2
9.6
6.5
10.2
10.5
9.7
12.4
11.1
13.9
4.6
3.6
5.8
35.4
34.8
35.9
19.2
23.1
14.6
10.6
10.8
10.4
18.1
17.4
19.0
14.9
11.7
18.7
62.8
63.0
62.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.7
1.0
0.5
4.2
4.1
4.2
15.2
18.4
11.7
6.3
6.4
6.3
2.7
2.9
2.5
28.4
31.8
24.7
19.7
24.1
15.1
11.8
10.4
13.3
24.8
21.0
28.9
14.6
11.9
17.4
70.9
67.4
74.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.3
1.2
1.5
3.5
4.0
2.9
7.2
7.2
7.2
9.4
9.7
9.0
7.5
5.4
9.7
27.6
26.3
28.8
8.2
10.4
5.8
7.9
6.9
9.0
40.2
42.5
37.8
14.8
12.7
17.0
71.1
72.5
69.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.9
4.5
3.3
17.5
18.2
16.8
9.5
8.6
10.4
8.5
7.9
9.2
10.8
9.1
12.5
46.3
43.8
48.9
10.0
12.6
7.3
8.2
8.2
8.2
25.8
26.2
25.5
5.8
4.8
6.9
49.8
51.8
47.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.0
7.8
14.4
23.2
16.9
30.0
19.5
22.1
16.8
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.5
4.2
2.7
49.6
46.7
52.8
14.4
16.9
11.8
7.9
9.0
6.8
13.7
15.8
11.4
3.3
3.7
2.9
39.3
45.4
32.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.4
5.6
3.1
16.0
17.2
14.6
33.9
36.2
31.2
4.0
2.8
5.5
7.3
7.6
6.9
61.2
63.8
58.2
12.8
12.6
13.0
6.6
5.9
7.5
8.7
7.3
10.4
6.2
4.8
7.8
34.3
30.6
38.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.0
2.6
1.4
4.2
4.8
3.6
11.5
12.0
10.9
5.6
6.5
4.6
25.9
26.2
25.5
47.2
49.5
44.6
3.2
3.0
3.4
5.6
6.7
4.3
30.5
28.4
32.8
11.5
9.7
13.4
50.8
47.8
53.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.4
8.9
7.8
27.0
32.4
20.9
13.9
14.1
13.6
8.5
6.4
11.0
2.9
1.7
4.3
52.3
54.6
49.8
21.3
23.5
18.8
4.9
3.3
6.8
7.9
6.0
10.1
5.1
3.7
6.7
39.2
36.5
42.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.3
1.7
3.0
5.6
5.9
5.2
13.5
14.0
13.0
7.5
7.3
7.7
8.3
10.0
6.3
34.9
37.2
32.2
11.9
14.4
9.2
8.7
10.2
7.0
33.8
29.0
39.1
8.4
7.4
9.4
62.8
61.0
64.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
9.2
9.9
8.5
12.8
11.9
13.6
7.2
6.8
7.6
8.0
8.1
7.9
37.2
36.7
37.6
10.6
12.8
8.3
10.2
9.5
11.0
35.8
33.5
38.1
6.2
7.4
4.9
62.8
63.2
62.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
6.2
5.1
7.5
9.1
8.4
10.0
7.6
7.5
7.7
9.2
9.2
9.3
32.1
30.2
34.5
9.4
11.3
7.2
8.5
9.0
7.9
23.8
22.6
25.4
25.2
26.1
24.2
66.9
69.0
64.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.9
3.9
1.7
6.4
8.9
3.7
2.3
3.0
1.6
3.2
3.0
3.4
6.6
6.4
6.8
18.5
21.3
15.5
19.1
24.6
13.3
10.8
10.4
11.2
33.0
28.1
38.3
15.7
11.7
19.9
78.6
74.8
82.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.2
0.3
2.1
3.5
0.5
21.1
24.7
17.2
10.9
12.9
8.7
11.0
12.7
9.1
45.1
53.8
35.5
5.0
5.2
4.8
6.9
7.1
6.7
33.9
26.9
41.4
9.0
6.7
11.6
54.8
45.9
64.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Uruguay
27.9
18.9
36.3
2011
Ambos sexos
Rep. Dominicana
13.1
7.2
18.7
2011
Ambos sexos
Per
3.4
2.9
3.8
2011
Ambos sexos
Paraguay
4.0
3.5
4.4
2009
Ambos sexos
Panam
7.4
5.3
9.4
2010
Ambos sexos
Nicaragua
1.1
0.9
1.3
2010
Ambos sexos
Mxico
Subtotal
estudiantes y
egresados
2010
Ambos sexos
Honduras
Egresados
2010
Ambos sexos
Guatemala
Estudiantes al
da
2011
Ambos sexos
El Salvador
Estudiantes
poco
retrasados
2011
Ambos sexos
Ecuador
Estudiantes
muy retrasados
2011
Ambos sexos
Costa Rica
Subtotal
desertores
2011
Ambos sexos
Colombia
Desertores al
finalizar la baja
secundaria o
durante el ciclo
de alta
secundaria
2011
Ambos sexos
Chile
Desertores
durante el ciclo
de baja
secundaria
2009
Hombres
Brasil
Total
No ingresaron
Desertores
Desertores al
al sistema
tempranos
finalizar el
educativo
(durante el ciclo ciclo primario
primario)
2011
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Cuadro 35
TASA GLOBAL DE DESERCIN ENTRE LOS JVENES DE 15 A 19 AOS, 1990 - 2011 a/
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Nacional
Urbano
Rural
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Ambos sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Argentina b/
1990
2011
35.6
17.6
37.6
20.3
33.2
14.9
Argentina
2006
2011
17.5
17.6
20.2
20.1
14.9
15.0
Bolivia (Estado
2007
2009
18.9
17.2
16.4
13.4
21.2
20.8
13.9
11.9
12.9
10.8
15.0
12.9
28.8
28.2
23.9
19.2
33.2
36.7
1990
2009
2011
45.9
19.0
17.6
49.0
21.4
19.9
43.0
16.5
15.2
39.7
17.6
16.6
42.7
20.0
18.8
36.9
15.3
14.3
64.5
25.3
22.4
67.3
27.4
24.6
61.7
22.9
20.0
Chile
1990
2011
26.8
11.0
26.6
11.2
27.1
10.6
20.7
10.5
20.1
10.3
21.3
10.7
57.3
14.0
58.4
17.6
56.3
10.2
Colombia
1991
2010
2011
42.5
21.2
21.0
45.0
22.7
22.0
40.1
19.7
19.8
29.7
16.0
16.0
29.8
17.5
17.2
29.7
14.4
14.8
59.1
36.6
36.0
62.7
37.0
35.6
55.2
36.1
36.4
Costa Rica
1990
2011
53.2
21.9
53.2
24.8
53.1
18.9
32.9
17.1
32.2
19.5
33.7
14.6
68.8
28.5
69.3
32.1
68.3
24.8
Ecuador
1990
2011
19.0
19.3
18.6
24.3
14.3
28.3
15.4
20.5
13.2
27.9
26.6
29.2
El Salvador
1995
2010
45.1
33.3
44.1
32.4
46.1
34.3
32.4
23.4
30.8
23.4
33.7
23.4
62.9
48.2
60.8
45.8
65.0
50.5
Guatemala
2010
42.9
39.8
46.1
28.5
26.5
30.5
55.8
50.7
61.7
Honduras
1990
2010
66.1
46.5
69.6
50.3
62.9
42.5
49.1
25.7
51.9
28.3
46.7
23.1
81.5
64.1
83.8
67.6
79.1
60.0
Mxico
2010
37.1
39.2
34.8
30.0
31.7
28.1
48.2
50.9
45.3
Nicaragua
1993
2009
44.3
42.3
43.2
45.4
45.3
39.0
32.0
30.4
31.4
33.1
32.7
27.8
65.1
57.1
62.8
59.9
67.3
54.0
Panam
1991
2011
35.3
24.3
38.8
27.0
31.6
21.6
28.0
17.7
30.5
20.2
25.5
15.4
53.4
35.7
58.4
37.9
47.6
33.3
Paraguay
2010
2011
31.4
25.0
30.6
24.8
32.4
25.3
25.1
15.7
23.8
15.6
26.5
15.7
40.0
37.2
39.8
36.8
40.2
37.7
Per
1997
2010
2011
40.3
22.1
20.9
40.6
22.0
20.4
39.9
22.2
21.5
36.3
15.5
16.4
36.2
15.5
16.0
36.3
15.6
16.8
48.4
33.1
32.4
48.5
32.0
30.4
48.4
34.4
34.8
Rep. Dominicana
1997
2010
2011
23.0
14.1
14.4
25.1
15.8
16.5
21.0
12.3
12.1
19.3
12.8
12.1
22.7
13.9
13.7
16.8
11.6
10.4
28.1
16.8
19.1
28.0
19.5
22.2
28.2
13.7
15.8
Uruguay
1990
2010
2011
32.5
31.6
38.3
36.6
26.4
26.2
36.5
32.1
30.5
41.1
37.7
35.2
31.9
26.3
25.5
41.9
45.1
53.0
54.0
29.0
35.5
Venezuela (Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
2011
39.6
17.1
43.2
20.4
35.8
13.7
35.5
38.7
32.3
63.2
67.4
58.1
Plurinacional de)
Brasil
b/ Gran Buenos Aires.
Cuadro 36
TASA DE DESERCIN TEMPRANA (DURANTE EL CICLO PRIMARIO) ENTRE LOS JVENES DE 15 A 19 AOS, 1990 - 2011 a/
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Nacional
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
Urbano
Mujeres
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
Rural
Mujeres
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Argentina b/
1990
2011
2.4
3.8
2.4
4.9
2.4
2.7
Argentina
2006
2010
2011
1.2
2.8
3.2
1.5
3.5
4.1
0.8
2.0
2.3
2007
2009
5.6
4.0
5.0
3.2
6.2
4.8
3.4
2.3
3.3
2.2
3.5
2.4
10.0
7.5
8.4
5.4
11.5
9.5
Brasil
1990
2009
2011
13.3
1.3
1.1
15.3
1.8
1.3
11.4
0.8
0.8
9.2
0.9
0.8
10.5
1.3
1.0
7.9
0.6
0.6
25.7
3.0
2.5
29.1
4.1
2.9
22.2
1.8
2.0
Chile
1990
2009
2011
4.3
0.5
0.5
4.7
0.6
0.7
3.9
0.3
0.2
2.9
0.4
0.4
3.1
0.5
0.7
2.7
0.2
0.2
11.3
1.1
0.6
12.5
1.5
1.0
10.1
0.7
0.3
Colombia
1991
2010
2011
15.5
3.7
3.3
17.8
4.5
4.3
13.4
2.7
2.4
7.3
1.9
1.7
7.6
2.3
2.3
7.1
1.5
1.1
26.1
8.8
8.3
29.5
10.8
9.8
22.4
6.5
6.6
Costa Rica
1990
2011
12.1
2.6
13.2
2.7
10.9
2.4
4.6
1.4
5.2
1.7
4.1
1.1
17.9
4.2
19.3
4.1
16.4
4.3
Ecuador
1990
2010
2011
2.3
1.7
2.6
1.9
2.0
1.4
3.5
1.2
0.7
4.4
0.9
0.7
2.7
1.6
0.7
4.2
3.5
5.4
4.0
2.8
2.9
El Salvador
1995
2010
24.6
11.3
24.4
12.0
24.8
10.6
12.6
6.7
10.9
7.3
14.1
6.1
41.3
18.2
41.4
19.1
41.1
17.4
Guatemala
2010
17.5
13.5
21.8
8.1
7.6
8.6
26.1
18.3
35.1
Honduras
1990
2010
27.3
10.9
30.0
12.2
24.8
9.5
15.2
4.0
15.5
4.6
14.9
3.4
38.2
16.7
41.8
18.3
34.7
15.0
Mxico
2010
2.8
3.5
2.0
1.8
2.6
0.9
4.3
5.0
3.6
Nicaragua
1993
2009
23.6
18.1
25.4
22.5
21.8
13.4
11.8
8.9
13.7
11.3
10.0
6.6
43.7
29.5
45.0
35.5
42.5
22.6
Panam
1991
2011
5.8
2.7
6.9
3.1
4.6
2.3
3.9
1.0
4.5
1.4
3.2
0.7
10.7
5.7
12.6
6.0
8.5
5.4
Paraguay
2010
2011
7.0
5.2
7.5
5.8
6.4
4.5
4.0
2.0
3.7
2.7
4.3
1.4
10.9
9.2
12.6
9.9
9.1
8.5
Per
1997
2011
16.3
3.0
16.3
2.7
16.3
3.3
8.2
1.7
8.4
1.6
7.9
1.7
32.9
6.2
30.4
5.2
36.0
7.6
Rep. Dominicana
1997
2010
2011
9.9
5.3
4.3
11.9
6.9
6.3
8.1
3.7
2.2
6.8
4.3
3.3
8.0
5.4
4.9
5.8
3.0
1.5
14.3
7.5
6.6
16.5
9.7
9.3
11.8
5.0
3.7
Uruguay
1990
2011
1.9
2.4
1.2
2.2
1.9
2.9
2.4
1.5
1.3
2.1
3.6
0.5
Venezuela (Repblica
Bolivariana
de)
Bolivariana de)
1990
2010
2011
9.9
3.1
2.7
12.1
4.5
3.7
7.6
1.7
1.7
7.0
8.6
5.4
26.8
31.1
21.6
Cuadro 37
TASA DE DESERCIN AL FINALIZAR EL CICLO PRIMARIO
ENTRE LOS JVENES DE 15 A 19 AOS, 1990 - 2011 a/
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Nacional
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
Urbano
Mujeres
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
Rural
Mujeres
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
Argentina b/
2006
2011
1.0
0.7
1.1
1.4
0.9
0.1
Argentina
2006
2010
2011
1.3
0.9
1.0
1.7
1.4
1.4
0.9
0.5
0.6
2007
2009
2.2
1.9
1.3
1.4
3.1
2.4
1.0
0.8
0.5
0.4
1.5
1.3
4.9
4.3
3.2
3.8
6.5
4.9
Brasil
1990
2009
2011
14.1
1.8
1.4
14.9
2.2
1.8
13.4
1.3
1.0
9.4
1.3
1.2
9.9
1.7
1.5
8.9
1.0
0.8
31.3
3.8
2.7
33.0
4.5
3.3
29.7
3.1
1.9
Chile
1990
2011
3.9
0.6
4.0
0.8
3.8
0.4
2.1
0.5
2.1
0.6
2.1
0.4
13.6
1.2
14.0
1.7
13.2
0.7
Colombia
1991
2010
2011
18.0
4.9
4.8
19.2
5.8
5.2
16.8
4.0
4.3
9.5
2.7
2.8
9.4
3.3
3.0
9.7
2.0
2.6
31.6
12.0
11.3
34.2
13.4
11.9
29.1
10.4
10.6
Costa Rica
1990
2011
35.8
12.5
35.6
14.1
36.0
10.7
18.7
10.0
17.1
10.4
20.3
9.6
51.1
15.9
52.0
19.4
50.2
12.3
Ecuador
1990
2010
2011
4.7
4.3
4.8
4.5
4.6
4.0
12.1
2.1
2.6
13.8
2.3
2.9
10.6
1.9
2.3
9.5
7.6
9.2
7.6
9.9
7.5
El Salvador
1995
2010
9.1
6.4
8.5
5.9
9.6
6.8
6.1
3.0
6.0
2.9
6.3
3.1
15.1
12.1
13.4
11.1
16.9
13.0
Guatemala
2010
19.8
20.7
18.8
11.0
11.3
10.8
29.7
29.4
30.2
Honduras
1990
2010
46.4
28.1
49.4
31.3
43.8
24.7
31.3
13.1
34.8
14.3
28.4
11.9
65.1
42.6
66.6
47.0
63.8
37.9
Mxico
2010
7.6
8.1
7.1
4.7
5.1
4.3
12.3
12.9
11.5
Nicaragua
1993
2009
16.0
12.3
17.2
13.6
14.9
11.1
12.4
6.6
14.2
7.1
10.8
6.2
25.5
21.5
24.9
24.0
26.0
19.1
Panam
1991
2011
18.7
7.6
22.0
8.3
15.3
7.0
12.3
3.8
14.7
4.2
9.9
3.4
36.0
14.7
41.0
15.1
30.6
14.2
Paraguay
2008
2011
10.3
8.5
11.0
7.9
9.6
9.1
3.5
4.5
3.4
4.1
3.5
4.9
21.0
14.1
22.6
13.3
19.4
14.9
Per
1997
2011
2.8
4.4
2.2
4.2
3.3
4.6
2.5
2.3
2.0
2.2
2.9
2.5
3.5
9.8
2.7
8.9
4.6
10.9
Rep. Dominicana
1997
2011
4.3
1.5
4.5
1.8
4.1
1.2
3.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
6.2
2.6
6.4
3.5
6.0
1.7
Uruguay
1990
2011
11.0
13.7
8.0
13.1
10.1
13.7
12.8
12.5
7.2
21.6
25.7
17.3
Venezuela (Repblica
Bolivariana de)
1990
2010
2011
17.8
4.9
5.0
20.5
6.4
6.6
15.1
3.4
3.3
15.6
17.9
13.4
34.3
39.5
28.7
Cuadro 38
TASA DE DESERCIN EN EL CICLO SECUNDARIO
ENTRE LOS JVENES DE 15 A 19 AOS, 1990 - 2011 a/
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Nacional
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
1990 c/
2011
Argentina
2006
2010
2011
Urbano
Mujeres
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
34.0
13.7
2007
12.1
12.0
10.9
9.3
Brasil
1990
2009
2011
27.4
16.4
15.5
Chile
1990
2009
2011
Colombia
Rural
Mujeres
Ambos
sexos
Hombres
Mujeres
36.1
15.1
31.5
12.4
15.5
14.0
17.6
17.3
15.5
13.5
13.8
12.6
13.3
14.8
10.0
9.0
9.4
8.4
10.6
9.6
16.8
18.9
14.2
11.2
19.2
26.5
29.3
18.2
17.3
25.7
14.7
13.7
26.8
15.7
15.0
28.9
17.6
16.8
24.8
13.9
13.2
30.5
19.9
18.3
31.2
20.7
19.7
30.0
19.0
16.8
20.5
9.7
10.0
19.8
10.2
9.9
21.1
9.3
10.1
16.6
9.4
9.7
15.7
9.7
9.2
17.4
9.0
10.2
44.3
12.2
12.4
44.7
13.8
15.3
44.0
10.8
9.4
1991
2011
17.1
14.1
17.3
14.1
16.9
14.1
16.2
12.1
16.1
12.6
16.2
11.6
19.0
21.3
19.6
19.0
18.5
23.9
Costa Rica
1990
2010
2011
17.0
9.6
8.5
16.5
11.4
10.0
17.6
8.0
6.9
13.5
10.0
6.6
13.7
12.0
8.6
13.3
8.3
4.5
22.3
9.0
11.3
20.7
10.5
12.1
23.9
7.6
10.5
Ecuador
1990
2011
13.9
13.9
14.0
10.8
11.4
13.1
12.2
8.7
10.6
19.2
17.2
21.2
El Salvador
1995
2010
20.0
19.7
19.1
18.3
20.8
21.1
17.5
15.3
17.4
14.9
17.7
15.8
25.6
27.9
22.8
24.7
28.5
31.2
Guatemala
2010
13.6
12.3
15.0
12.6
10.4
14.7
14.9
14.6
15.4
Honduras
1990
2010
13.0
16.5
14.0
17.5
12.3
15.6
12.6
10.9
12.7
12.2
12.6
9.6
14.0
24.8
16.9
25.4
11.5
24.2
Mxico
2010
30.0
31.4
28.5
25.2
26.1
24.2
38.3
40.6
35.9
Nicaragua
1993
2005
2009
13.2
16.6
19.7
8.0
17.5
18.6
17.8
15.9
20.7
12.0
15.0
18.2
7.4
16.2
18.8
16.1
13.9
17.6
16.8
19.9
22.5
10.0
19.9
18.1
23.2
20.0
26.5
Panam
1991
2010
2011
15.5
16.8
15.7
15.7
18.2
17.8
15.3
15.6
13.7
14.6
15.6
13.7
14.7
16.7
15.5
14.6
11.9
18.5
19.4
20.1
19.5
21.1
22.1
17.6
17.7
17.8
Paraguay
2008
2011
16.9
13.6
17.3
13.3
16.5
14.0
12.8
9.8
13.3
9.6
12.4
10.1
24.7
19.5
25.0
19.1
24.4
20.0
Per
1997
2011
26.6
14.8
27.4
14.6
25.8
15.0
28.8
13.0
28.9
12.7
28.8
13.2
20.3
20.1
23.8
19.5
15.5
20.9
Rep. Dominicana
1997
2010
2011
10.7
8.3
9.1
11.0
8.4
9.2
10.4
8.2
9.0
10.8
8.0
8.2
13.4
7.9
8.3
8.9
8.0
8.1
10.5
9.0
11.1
7.8
9.5
11.2
13.3
8.5
11.0
Uruguay
1990
2010
2011
22.9
21.7
26.6
24.6
19.2
18.8
25.3
22.8
21.3
29.7
26.3
23.9
21.0
19.4
18.6
24.8
28.6
34.3
35.8
15.5
21.7
1990
2011
18.4
10.3
18.7
11.4
18.1
9.2
17.9
18.4
17.4
23.5
21.8
24.9
Argentina b/
a/ La metodologa de construccin de las tasas de desercin puede verse en CEPAL, Panorama social de Amrica Latina 2001-2002 (LC/G/2183-P), recuadro III.1,
salvo que la distincin de los ciclos se basa estrictamente en la Clasificacin Internacional Normalizada de la Educacin (CINE) 1997.
c/ Incluye la desercin al finalizar el ciclo primario.
Indicadores de gasto pblico social
Cuadro 39
AMRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE (21 PASES) : GASTO PBLICO SOCIAL
COMO PORCENTAJE DEL PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Perodo
1991-1992 1993-1994 1995-1996 1997-1998 1999-2000 2001-2002 2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010 2011
Argentina
Bolivia, Est. Plur. de a/
Brasil b/
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador d/
El Salvador e/
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica f/
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per g/
Repblica Dominicana
Trinidad y Tabago h/
Uruguay
Venezuela, Rep. Bol. de
19.7
15.1
12.6
6.3
14.8
30.2
4.0
3.9
6.2
7.0
6.7
6.3
8.6
5.0
4.1
3.6
7.3
17.6
9.9
20.7
18.2
12.8
8.1
16.0
31.8
3.9
4.2
4.9
6.0
7.2
8.1
7.1
8.5
7.1
6.0
4.9
6.9
19.8
8.1
20.7
13.2
20.0
12.5
13.0
15.9
26.3
4.5
5.6
4.5
5.6
7.4
7.6
6.7
8.6
8.5
6.7
4.4
6.5
21.0
7.6
20.0
15.1
20.5
13.2
12.8
16.9
21.6
3.7
7.3
5.8
5.4
8.0
6.2
9.7
8.6
7.3
4.9
20.5
9.0
21.6
16.3
21.3
15.0
10.8
16.6
22.9
3.1
8.9
6.7
7.4
7.9
8.6
8.9
8.9
9.7
8.6
5.7
8.2
20.5
10.2
20.9
18.3
21.5
15.1
10.9
18.7
25.1
4.4
10.9
7.1
8.8
8.6
9.1
8.1
9.4
8.3
9.5
7.0
10.0
22.6
11.7
19.0
18.5
22.4
13.5
10.4
18.2
27.4
4.2
10.8
7.3
10.1
8.6
9.2
10.2
8.1
7.4
9.5
6.1
9.3
20.1
11.9
20.4
17.3
23.1
11.9
12.3
17.1
33.2
4.7
12.2
7.7
9.7
9.3
9.5
11.2
8.3
8.7
9.2
7.5
8.9
20.3
12.5
23.4
17.9
24.6
12.6
12.6
18.4
38.8
8.1
11.8
7.1
10.5
10.0
9.8
12.0
9.3
8.8
8.7
8.3
8.2
22.9
27.8
18.4
26.4
15.2
14.0
22.5
39.4
9.4
13.0
8.1
12.1
10.6
11.3
12.7
10.7
10.4
9.5
7.5
24.1
14.4
12.4
22.6
36.2
9.3
10.6
11.5
23.3
Amrica Latina y el Caribe i/

Amrica Latina y el Caribe j/
9.7
11.2
10.7
12.9
10.8
13.7
11.1
13.9
11.8
14.5
12.7
14.8
12.5
14.9
13.1
15.6
14.1
16.6
15.4
18.6
Fuente: Comisin econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de informacin proveniente de la base de datos sobre gasto
social de la Comisin.
a/ Estimaciones para 2009-2010 a partir de informacin proveniente de la ejecucin de gastos del gobierno central.
b/ La cifra utilizada en 2010 corresponde a una estimacin del gasto en las tres esferas de gobierno (federal, estadual y local) a partir de informacin ofical sobre gasto federal.
c/ Cifras desde el ao 2000 del Ministerio de Hacienda, no comparables con las anteriores. Serie anterior proviene de la DNP del DANE.
d/ Los datos de gasto social no incluyen gasto en seguridad social. Las cifras hasta el 2007 corresponden a la administracin central, y desde 2008 corresponden al Presupuesto General del Estado.
e/ Serie con cambios metodolgicos desde el 2004, por lo que no es estrictamente comparable con las cifras previas.
f/ La cifra de 1999-2000 corresponde al ao 2000.
g/ Desde 1990 a 1998 las cifras corresponden a datos del Gobierno Central Presupuestario, y 1999 en adelante al Gobierno General.
h/ La cifra de 1999-2000 corresponde al ao 2000.
i/ Promedio simple de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin.
j/ Promedio ponderado de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin.
Cuadro 40
AMRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE (21 PAISES): GASTO PUBLICO SOCIAL PER CPITA
(En dlares 2005)
Pas
Perodo
1991-1992 1993-1994 1995-1996 1997-1998 1999-2000 2001-2002 2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010
Argentina
Brasil b/
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador d/
El Salvador e/
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica f/
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per g/
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
762
594
580
180
489
910
94
70
73
285
454
57
305
75
94
81
428
744
571
884
746
662
248
577
763
92
90
91
72
302
560
62
322
109
150
122
395
910
454
886
123
860
735
418
584
665
106
128
86
68
311
501
63
327
137
187
115
404
995
419
946
148
896
851
415
651
580
89
176
118
68
571
61
398
140
212
143
1058
510
982
159
927
966
330
693
669
71
225
140
90
316
653
94
381
148
211
183
697
1035
534
842
179
954
1019
337
774
777
107
285
149
112
346
691
87
399
118
238
237
907
1032
591
802
185
1016
960
337
800
907
107
292
155
135
359
707
113
361
108
254
205
1038
934
558
1003
182
1112
922
429
817
1325
131
349
168
141
393
772
132
416
131
273
284
1149
1081
711
1325
201
1288
1041
479
970
1797
235
358
163
163
430
830
150
550
141
298
358
1197
1363
1680
218
1437
1276
544
1184
1911
283
383
183
184
432
906
157
693
170
349
347
1579

333
461
368
549
386
591
425
631
451
662
484
681
492
702
567
790
671
912
756
1026
b/ La cifra utilizada en 2010 corresponde a una estimacin del gasto en las tres esferas de gobierno (federal, estadual y local) a partir de informacin ofical sobre gasto
c/ Cifras desde el ao 2000 del Ministerio de Hacienda, no comparables con las anteriores. Serie anterior proviene de la DNP del DANE.
d/ Los datos de gasto social no incluyen gasto en seguridad social. Las cifras hasta el 2007 corresponden a la administracin central, y desde 2008 corresponden al P
g/ Desde 1990 a 1998 las cifras corresponden a datos del Gobierno Central Presupuestario, y 1999 en adelante al Gobierno General.
2011
1306
511
1243
1825
301
164
967
1678
e informacin ofical sobre gasto federal.
desde 2008 corresponden al Presupuesto General del Estado.
Cuadro 41
AMRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE (21 PASES) : GASTO PUBLICO SOCIAL
COMO PORCENTAJE DEL GASTO PBLICO TOTAL a/
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Perodo
1991-1992 1993-1994 1995-1996 1997-1998 1999-2000 2001-2002 2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010
Argentina
Bolivia, Est. Plur. de b/
Brasil c/
Chile
Colombia d/
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador e/
El Salvador f/
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica g/
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per h/
Repblica Dominicana
Trinidad y Tabago i/
Uruguay
63.0
47.3
61.8
29.0
39.6
33.9
26.6
29.6
41.3
22.8
46.6
36.6
48.0
44.5
46.8
38.7
40.8
65.3
38.0
65.0
57.5
63.9
35.6
40.2
36.5
26.1
21.5
38.7
36.5
22.7
52.2
39.8
52.9
43.3
48.7
42.4
41.6
69.6
36.8
65.6
39.6
55.6
65.2
56.5
39.8
44.8
22.1
25.9
42.2
41.1
20.0
53.1
38.7
49.8
45.0
53.5
41.6
41.8
71.3
34.6
65.2
43.4
50.5
65.7
41.9
42.9
17.9
30.7
44.8
38.3
55.2
35.0
50.7
46.4
54.2
41.0
68.7
36.6
63.6
44.3
59.7
67.7
40.4
45.7
13.7
43.2
44.9
43.8
18.2
61.9
39.9
47.0
44.2
52.4
45.3
41.2
67.1
37.9
64.8
49.5
64.8
68.0
39.0
49.7
18.6
37.6
49.8
46.8
17.3
59.6
39.6
47.3
38.1
48.2
49.0
45.8
67.4
38.3
65.5
52.2
73.0
68.0
37.2
52.2
18.9
44.1
51.1
52.8
16.4
57.4
44.1
43.1
37.2
47.6
46.4
41.8
59.0
40.2
63.1
50.4
73.4
66.7
72.7
35.3
52.3
21.2
45.9
54.2
52.5
19.2
59.0
49.2
43.5
43.4
48.9
46.2
31.0
63.1
42.3
63.1
41.2
73.5
66.3
70.9
36.2
53.1
31.0
45.7
51.0
51.3
21.3
55.6
52.7
46.9
50.5
48.4
44.4
33.4
73.4
64.3
40.8
72.7
67.0
69.1
39.0
54.2
26.1
39.4
56.1
51.1
22.3
55.1
54.9
50.1
50.5
47.2
44.8
83.8

Amrica Latina y el Caribe k/
40.5
44.9
43.2
47.2
45.1
54.2
45.4
52.0
47.1
55.7
48.0
59.3
48.4
62.4
49.2
62.8
50.2
62.5
51.0
62.6
a/ Los montos oficiales de gasto pblico total provienen de las clasificaciones funcionales del gasto pblico de los pases; pero pueden diferir de
otros reportes tambin de carcter oficial basados en otro tipo de clasificaciones.
b/ Estimaciones para 2009-2010 a partir de informacin proveniente de la ejecucin de gastos del gobierno central.
c/ La cifra utilizada en 2010 corresponde a una estimacin del gasto en las tres esferas de gobierno (federal, estadual y local) a partir de informacin ofical sobre gasto
d/ Cifras desde el ao 2000 del Ministerio de Hacienda, no comparables con las anteriores. Serie anterior proviene de la DNP del DANE.
e/ Los datos de gasto social no incluyen gasto en seguridad social. Las cifras hasta el 2007 corresponden a la administracin central, y desde 2008 corresponden al P
f/ Serie con cambios metodolgicos desde el 2004, por lo que no es estrictamente comparable con las cifras previas.
g/ La cifra de 1999-2000 corresponde al ao 2000.
h/ Desde 1990 a 1998 las cifras corresponden a datos del Gobierno Central Presupuestario, y 1999 en adelante al Gobierno General.
i/ La cifra de 1999-2000 corresponde al ao 2000.
j/ Promedio simple de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin.
k/ Promedio ponderado de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin.
2011
66.6
68.5
42.6
53.7
24.6
46.2
56.7
82.4
nformacin ofical sobre gasto federal.
esde 2008 corresponden al Presupuesto General del Estado.
Cuadro 42
AMRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE (21 PASES): GASTO PBLICO SOCIAL EN EDUCA
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Perodo
1991-1992 1993-1994 1995-1996 1997-1998 1999-2000 2001-2002
Argentina
Brasil b/
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador d/
El Salvador e/
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica f/
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per g/
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
3.7
2.6
2.4
2.7
3.9
11.7
2.8
1.8
3.6
3.5
2.7
1.9
3.7
1.9
2.0
1.0
3.3
2.4
4.0
4.1
4.3
2.6
2.8
4.4
10.7
2.6
1.9
2.0
3.4
3.5
3.6
2.7
3.6
3.3
2.9
1.5
3.2
2.5
3.9
4.2
5.3
4.7
2.8
3.8
4.3
7.9
2.8
2.2
1.8
3.2
4.0
3.4
2.7
3.8
4.0
3.0
1.6
3.0
2.8
3.1
4.4
6.2
4.8
3.2
4.2
4.6
7.4
2.5
2.8
2.2
3.3
3.4
3.0
4.1
4.3
2.9
2.0
3.1
3.8
5.0
6.4
5.2
3.9
3.6
4.5
8.4
2.0
3.0
2.7
4.5
4.8
3.5
3.9
4.0
4.7
2.9
2.4
3.6
2.9
4.7
4.8
7.2
4.6
4.1
3.3
5.5
10.0
2.6
3.8
2.9
5.6
4.9
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.3
2.8
2.8
4.5
3.2
5.2

3.2
2.9
3.6
3.8
3.5
3.9
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.2
Fuente: Comisin econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de informacin proveniente de la base d
b/ La cifra utilizada en 2010 corresponde a una estimacin del gasto en las tres esferas de gobierno (federal, estadual y local)
c/ Cifras desde el ao 2000 del Ministerio de Hacienda, no comparables con las anteriores. Serie anterior proviene de la DNP
d/ Los datos de gasto social no incluyen gasto en seguridad social. Las cifras hasta el 2007 corresponden a la administracin
g/ Desde 1990 a 1998 las cifras corresponden a datos del Gobierno Central Presupuestario, y 1999 en adelante al Gobierno G
STO PBLICO SOCIAL EN EDUCACIN

UCTO INTERNO BRUTO
rodo
2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010
2011
4.1
7.7
4.8
3.7
3.4
5.6
11.9
2.5
3.3
2.9
6.5
5.2
3.5
4.6
3.9
3.5
3.0
1.9
4.3
3.3
5.2
5.0
7.2
4.7
3.1
3.1
5.3
13.9
2.6
3.1
3.0
6.5
5.6
3.5
4.9
4.0
4.0
2.9
2.0
3.8
3.6
5.1
5.7
7.9
5.3
3.5
2.8
5.6
17.1
4.7
3.1
2.9
7.1
6.0
3.5
5.4
3.9
3.9
2.8
2.5
3.5
4.4
6.7
8.0
5.8
4.3
3.1
7.2
17.3
5.3
3.9
3.3
7.8
6.5
3.9
5.8
3.9
4.4
3.0
2.4
4.8
4.0
2.9
7.3
16.1
5.4
6.7
3.8
5.3
4.5
4.2
4.6
4.2
5.1
4.5
5.5
5.0
nformacin proveniente de la base de datos sobre gasto
stos del gobierno central.

gobierno (federal, estadual y local) a partir de informacin ofical sobre gasto federal.
. Serie anterior proviene de la DNP del DANE.
7 corresponden a la administracin central, y desde 2008 corresponden al Presupuesto General del Estado.
rable con las cifras previas.
o, y 1999 en adelante al Gobierno General.
informacin.
Cuadro 43
AMRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE (21 PASES) : GASTO PBLICO SOCIAL EN SALU
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Perodo
1991-1992 1993-1994 1995-1996 1997-1998 1999-2000 2001-2002 2003-2004
Argentina
Brasil b/
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador d/
El Salvador e/
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica f/
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per g/
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
4.4
2.7
2.1
0.8
4.6
5.8
0.9
1.0
2.3
2.0
2.9
2.6
1.7
0.7
0.6
0.8
2.8
2.9
1.8
4.8
3.0
2.4
1.6
4.7
6.5
0.7
1.8
1.1
2.2
2.1
2.7
2.7
2.0
1.2
0.6
1.1
2.5
3.3
1.3
4.8
2.8
4.0
2.3
3.0
4.7
5.1
0.9
2.7
0.8
2.2
1.8
2.0
2.6
1.8
1.3
1.0
1.0
2.1
3.0
0.9
4.6
2.6
3.8
2.5
3.3
4.7
5.1
0.8
3.0
1.0
1.8
2.1
2.3
1.9
1.3
1.2
1.1
2.8
1.4
5.1
2.9
3.9
2.8
2.4
4.9
5.5
0.7
3.4
1.2
2.5
1.9
2.1
3.1
2.0
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.9
3.3
1.4
4.8
3.2
4.0
3.0
2.0
5.5
5.7
1.0
3.4
1.1
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.9
2.4
1.4
1.5
1.7
2.3
3.6
1.6
4.2
3.4
4.3
2.8
1.8
5.4
5.6
1.1
3.4
1.1
3.3
2.4
2.2
3.3
2.1
1.0
1.5
1.0
2.3
3.2
1.5

2.2
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.4
2.9
2.4
2.9
2.6
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.7
3.0
BLICO SOCIAL EN SALUD

ERNO BRUTO
2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010
2011
4.5
3.4
4.4
2.7
1.9
4.9
7.3
1.2
3.9
1.2
2.9
2.2
2.4
3.5
2.1
1.5
1.3
1.3
2.5
3.5
1.7
5.0
3.3
4.7
3.0
1.9
5.4
10.1
1.5
3.7
1.2
2.7
2.6
2.4
3.7
2.1
1.6
1.3
1.5
2.2
4.4
6.2
3.2
5.1
3.7
1.9
6.6
10.5
1.9
4.1
1.3
3.5
2.7
2.8
3.9
2.2
2.2
1.5
1.6
5.5
3.6
1.9
6.6
10.2
1.8
3.0
2.8
5.2
2.9
3.2
3.1
3.4
3.5
3.9
proveniente de la base de datos sobre gasto
bierno central.
(federal, estadual y local) a partir de informacin ofical sobre gasto federal.
erior proviene de la DNP del DANE.
nden a la administracin central, y desde 2008 corresponden al Presupuesto General del Estado.
as cifras previas.
en adelante al Gobierno General.
Cuadro 44
AMRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE (20 PASES) : GASTO PBLICO SOCIAL EN SEG
ASISTENCIA SOCIAL COMO PORCENTAJE DEL PRODUCTO INTERNO BR
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Perodo
1991-1992 1993-1994 1995-1996 1997-1998 1999-2000 2001-2002
Argentina
Brasil b/
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador d/
El Salvador e/
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica f/
Mxico
Panam
Paraguay
Per g/
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
10.0
8.2
7.9
2.3
4.6
8.5
0.3
0.9
0.3
0.4
0.1
1.8
1.8
1.7
0.2
12.0
2.2
10.0
10.3
7.6
3.1
5.1
9.6
0.4
0.4
0.9
0.3
0.4
0.6
1.5
2.3
2.8
0.4
13.6
2.1
10.2
2.5
10.5
7.1
5.3
5.2
7.7
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.3
0.3
1.4
1.3
2.7
2.9
0.4
14.7
2.8
9.6
4.8
11.1
7.2
4.3
6.0
7.1
0.2
1.2
0.9
0.3
1.7
1.8
2.7
3.5
0.5
13.8
2.6
10.2
5.3
11.4
7.9
3.8
5.7
6.6
0.4
0.9
1.1
0.4
0.3
2.2
1.4
3.3
3.5
0.8
1.4
13.1
2.9
10.1
6.0
11.7
7.8
5.0
5.9
6.8
0.5
1.9
1.1
0.4
0.4
2.2
1.4
2.3
4.4
1.1
1.6
14.3
4.0

3.2
4.4
3.7
5.4
3.9
6.0
4.0
6.1
4.1
6.3
4.4
6.6
i/ Promedio simple de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin, y no incluye Nicaragua.
j/ Promedio ponderado de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin, y no incluye Nicaragua
TO PBLICO SOCIAL EN SEGURIDAD Y

DEL PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO
rodo
2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010 2011
9.5
5.6
11.8
6.7
4.7
5.4
7.2
0.3
2.8
1.5
0.3
0.4
2.2
1.1
2.5
4.4
1.9
1.6
12.2
4.4
9.2
5.0
12.6
5.9
6.6
5.2
9.1
0.7
4.1
1.1
0.3
0.4
2.3
1.2
2.9
4.1
2.2
1.3
11.7
4.3
10.9
5.2
12.8
5.7
7.2
5.4
8.8
1.2
4.1
1.1
0.7
0.5
2.5
1.7
2.9
3.3
2.3
1.2
12.3
12.9
5.7
13.8
6.8
8.2
6.4
8.9
1.8
4.3
1.5
0.7
0.6
3.1
1.6
3.5
3.2
2.0
12.1
6.3
6.9
6.6
8.0
1.9
0.7
2.7
11.1
4.3
6.5
4.5
6.9
4.8
7.3
5.2
8.2
macin proveniente de la base de datos sobre gasto
del gobierno central.

bierno (federal, estadual y local) a partir de informacin ofical sobre gasto federal.
erie anterior proviene de la DNP del DANE.
orresponden a la administracin central, y desde 2008 corresponden al Presupuesto General del Estado.
e con las cifras previas.
1999 en adelante al Gobierno General.
cin, y no incluye Nicaragua.

rmacin, y no incluye Nicaragua.
Cuadro 45
AMRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE (21 PASES) : GASTO PBLICO SOCIAL EN VIV
Y OTROS COMO PORCENTAJE DEL PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO
(En porcentajes)
Pas
Perodo
1991-1992 1993-1994 1995-1996 1997-1998 1999-2000 2001-2002
Argentina
Brasil b/
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador d/
El Salvador e/
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica f/
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per g/
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
1.6
1.7
0.2
0.5
1.7
4.2
0.5
0.1
1.1
1.0
1.8
1.3
0.6
0.1
1.6
1.1
0.3
1.9
1.7
0.6
0.3
0.6
1.8
5.0
0.5
0.04
0.9
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.5
0.3
0.4
2.0
1.2
0.4
0.8
1.5
2.6
0.7
0.3
0.9
1.8
5.5
0.3
0.1
1.0
1.3
0.9
1.4
1.7
0.6
0.5
1.5
1.4
0.5
0.9
1.5
1.6
0.8
0.3
1.0
1.6
2.1
0.2
0.4
1.8
0.8
1.0
1.8
0.3
0.6
1.2
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
0.8
0.4
1.0
1.5
2.5
0.1
1.6
1.7
0.9
0.9
1.9
1.4
0.4
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.9
1.3
0.3
0.6
1.8
2.6
0.4
1.9
1.9
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.2
0.2
0.7
1.5
1.6
1.6
0.9

1.2
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.3
0.9
1.1
0.9
1.2
0.9
1.3
1.1
i/ Promedio simple de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin, y no incluye Honduras.
j/ Promedio ponderado de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin, y no incluye Honduras
ASTO PBLICO SOCIAL EN VIVIENDA

PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO
rodo
2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010 2011
1.2
1.8
1.5
0.3
0.5
1.9
2.7
0.2
1.2
1.8
0.8
1.3
2.3
0.9
0.3
0.6
1.3
1.2
1.5
0.8
1.7
1.7
1.5
0.3
0.7
1.8
3.0
0.2
1.0
2.4
1.1
1.4
2.8
1.1
0.2
0.9
1.8
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.9
0.4
0.7
1.9
2.8
0.6
0.9
2.0
1.0
1.4
2.9
1.6
0.4
1.3
2.0
1.3
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.8
0.4
0.8
2.3
2.7
0.4
0.8
1.8
0.8
1.6
3.0
3.1
0.2
1.8
1.5
1.7
0.4
0.8
2.2
1.9
0.2
0.3
2.2
1.8
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
rmacin proveniente de la base de datos sobre gasto
s del gobierno central.

obierno (federal, estadual y local) a partir de informacin ofical sobre gasto federal.
Serie anterior proviene de la DNP del DANE.
orresponden a la administracin central, y desde 2008 corresponden al Presupuesto General del Estado.
ble con las cifras previas.
y 1999 en adelante al Gobierno General.
acin, y no incluye Honduras.

ormacin, y no incluye Honduras.
Cuadro 46
AMRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE (21 PAISES) :
GASTO PUBLICO SOCIAL PER CPITA EN EDUCACIN
(En dlares 2005)
Pas
Perodo
1991-1992 1993-1994 1995-1996 1997-1998 1999-2000 2001-2002
Argentina
Brasil b/
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador d/
El Salvador e/
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica f/
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per g/
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
144
103
111
77
130
353
67
33
42
143
183
17
132
29
39
23
194
99
230
177
176
134
85
158
257
60
40
38
41
145
248
24
135
50
61
37
182
115
217
181
50
202
164
123
156
201
67
51
35
39
167
223
26
146
64
72
42
185
131
169
206
61
209
208
135
178
198
60
67
44
41
245
29
170
70
72
59
163
217
225
63
225
249
110
190
244
45
76
57
56
192
262
41
171
71
71
76
307
144
244
193
71
204
273
103
228
309
62
98
62
71
198
274
42
183
61
71
94
408
148
262

106
121
116
162
119
168
137
183
148
195
162
192
RIBE (21 PAISES) :

CPITA EN EDUCACIN
rodo
2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010 2011
174
77
220
263
110
246
396
64
90
62
87
215
269
52
173
52
80
62
479
152
243
244
76
224
242
108
252
555
72
90
65
94
237
282
58
199
60
86
78
494
193
290
324
89
275
291
108
295
790
138
94
67
110
258
298
67
230
63
94
109
514
260
404
95
314
358
120
379
840
161
113
76
119
263
311
72
250
73
110
113
317
367
117
398
812
175
103
318
378
170
197
190
212
227
249
252
279

rable con las cifras previas.
informacin.
Cuadro 47
GASTO PUBLICO SOCIAL PER CPITA EN SALUD
(En dlares 2005)
Pas
Perodo
1991-1992 1993-1994 1995-1996 1997-1998 1999-2000 2001-2002
Argentina
Brasil b/
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador d/
El Salvador e/
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica f/
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per g/
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
171
105
96
24
152
174
22
19
27
82
196
24
61
11
14
17
166
124
103
204
125
121
49
169
156
16
39
20
27
88
186
24
74
19
18
26
142
150
74
206
26
174
138
97
172
129
23
61
16
26
76
128
25
70
20
27
26
128
142
50
218
26
168
162
108
181
137
19
72
21
23
147
23
79
22
30
33
145
80
230
29
169
181
74
203
160
15
85
26
30
74
159
33
87
20
31
44
160
168
74
192
32
176
200
61
228
177
23
88
24
36
88
164
32
104
20
39
56
209
162
80

78
108
84
117
84
126
91
132
97
135
104
136
RIBE (21 PAISES) :

R CPITA EN SALUD
rodo
2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010
2011
179
34
194
199
59
237
184
29
93
24
44
99
173
37
96
15
39
36
251
149
73
221
36
212
206
67
233
290
33
113
27
43
95
196
41
106
23
39
51
320
187
98
281
37
246
248
71
287
467
44
112
27
42
111
206
47
125
25
47
65
326
264
376
38
279
314
75
345
509
57
121
31
53
112
223
48
142
37
56
74
0
359
329
79
360
513
58
46
236
377
107
143
125
162
151
186
175
213

e gobierno (federal, estadual y local) a partir de informacin ofical sobre gasto federal.
s. Serie anterior proviene de la DNP del DANE.
arable con las cifras previas.
io, y 1999 en adelante al Gobierno General.
informacin.
Cuadro 48
GASTO PUBLICO SOCIAL PER CPITA EN SEGURIDAD Y ASISTENCIA SOCIA
(En dlares 2005)
Pas
Perodo
1991-1992 1993-1994 1995-1996 1997-1998 1999-2000 2001-2002
Argentina
Brasil b/
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador d/
El Salvador e/
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica f/
Mxico
Panam
Paraguay
Per g/
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
386
320
364
67
150
257
7
16
4
17
8
66
28
34
6
5
508
127
430
423
394
96
184
231
9
10
17
4
16
42
55
35
59
10
5
625
116
436
23
454
419
170
192
195
12
14
15
4
13
93
48
43
71
10
6
699
152
453
47
485
463
141
231
191
6
29
18
5
123
75
44
88
16
710
145
462
53
497
510
116
239
194
9
23
22
5
13
167
62
50
88
26
118
663
154
408
59
518
526
155
246
211
12
49
24
5
14
167
60
33
110
38
148
651
204

119
172
139
226
153
266
164
285
171
301
182
311
i/ Promedio simple de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin, y no incluye Nicaragua.
j/ Promedio ponderado de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin, y no incluye Nicaragua
RIBE (20 PAISES) :

EGURIDAD Y ASISTENCIA SOCIAL
rodo
2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010
2011
398
56
535
480
154
235
237
9
76
31
4
15
169
50
37
118
64
173
566
204
454
53
605
453
230
249
363
20
118
24
5
17
184
58
44
122
86
166
625
242
616
59
669
472
274
286
409
36
124
25
12
20
211
102
47
114
100
176
731
778
68
750
571
317
340
432
54
128
35
11
24
247
103
58
118
93
791
575
282
363
402
61
11
229
796
180
316
206
354
241
409
274
476

able con las cifras previas.
macin, y no incluye Nicaragua.

informacin, y no incluye Nicaragua.
Cuadro 49
GASTO PUBLICO SOCIAL PER CPITA EN VIVIENDA Y OTROS
(En dlares 2005)
Pas
Perodo
1991-1992 1993-1994 1995-1996 1997-1998 1999-2000 2001-2002
Argentina
Brasil b/
Chile
Colombia c/
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador d/
El Salvador e/
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica f/
Mxico
Nicaragua
Panam
Paraguay
Per g/
Repblica Dominicana
Uruguay
62
66
10
14
57
127
13
44
67
16
47
9
3
36
64
12
112
74
23
13
18
67
120
13
1
16
53
86
14
58
6
7
49
66
20
48
63
24
31
15
28
65
141
6
3
21
55
57
13
65
10
11
38
85
24
49
69
16
35
19
32
62
56
5
9
36
57
10
75
5
14
36
41
68
65
16
36
26
31
62
72
2
41
35
37
65
20
62
7
22
37
111
61
64
50
19
56
20
20
73
81
10
51
40
46
88
14
53
4
19
50
142
72
47

39
54
39
41
40
39
38
41
43
44
47
53
i/ Promedio simple de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin, y no incluye Honduras.
j/ Promedio ponderado de los pases. Incluye estimaciones en aos de pases donde falta informacin, y no incluye Honduras
ENDA Y OTROS
rodo
2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010
2011
51
18
68
19
16
83
90
6
34
39
32
97
26
42
5
17
44
136
68
39
85
18
71
21
25
84
119
6
28
52
45
111
33
54
3
27
70
170
78
83
104
18
98
30
26
102
131
19
29
45
42
115
37
94
7
44
85
182
109
123
17
96
34
33
122
132
12
22
42
34
126
37
199
3
66
68
112
36
32
122
98
7
183
127
46
58
59
69
68
82
74
86
ormacin proveniente de la base de datos sobre gasto
os del gobierno central.

obierno (federal, estadual y local) a partir de informacin ofical sobre gasto federal.
Serie anterior proviene de la DNP del DANE.
corresponden a la administracin central, y desde 2008 corresponden al Presupuesto General del Estado.
ble con las cifras previas.
y 1999 en adelante al Gobierno General.
acin, y no incluye Honduras.

formacin, y no incluye Honduras.

Cuadros Estadisticos 2012 Es

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Anexo estadstico

AMERICA LATINA y El CARIBE c/

porcionada por el Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeo de Demografa

ES, 1980 - 2020

cionada por el Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeo de

a, Granada, Guadalupe, Hait, Islas Caimn, Islas Vrgenes

ce, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,

Amrica Latina y el Caribe b/

OR PASES, 1980 - 2020

cionada por el Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeo de

a, Granada, Guadalupe, Hait, Islas Caimn, Islas Vrgenes

ce, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,

Amrica Latina y el Caribe b/

INQUENIOS POR PASES, 1980 - 2020

cionada por el Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeo de

a, Granada, Guadalupe, Hait, Islas Caimn, Islas Vrgenes

ce, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,

Amrica Latina y el Caribe b/

UENIOS POR PASES, 1980 - 2020

cionada por el Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeo de

a, Granada, Guadalupe, Hait, Islas Caimn, Islas Vrgenes

ce, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,

EVOLUCIN DE ALGUNOS INDICADORES SOCIALES DE DESARROLLO

Quinquenios Esperanza de vida al nacer

Tasa de mortalidad infantil

Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de)

Islas Vrgenes de los

San Vicente y las Granadinas

Amrica Latina y el Caribe b/

Tasa de mortalidad en menores de 5

Tasa de alfabetismo de la poblacin de

Indicadores de pobreza y distribucin del ingreso

Poblacin bajo la lnea de indigencia

Poblacin bajo la lnea de indigencia

Poblacin bajo la lnea de indigencia

Poblacin bajo la lnea de indigencia

a/ Incluye a las personas bajo la lnea de indigencia o en situacin de extrema pobreza.

Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH

Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH

Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH

Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH

Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH

Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH

Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH

Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH

Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH

Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH

Encuesta Permanente de Hogares - EPH

Encuesta Integrada de Hogares - EIH

Encuesta Integrada de Hogares - EIH

Encuesta Nacional de Empleo - ENE

Encuesta Continua de Hogares - ECH

Encuesta Continua de Hogares - ECH

Encuesta Continua de Hogares - ECH

Encuesta Continua de Hogares - ECH

Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicilios - PNAD

Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicilios - PNAD

Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicilios - PNAD

Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicilios - PNAD

Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicilios - PNAD

Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicilios - PNAD

Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicilios - PNAD

Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicilios - PNAD

Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicilios - PNAD