GMP - Sn xut thc phm

EFC

HNG DN CHUNG V NHNG NI DUNG CN BN CA IU KIN THC HNH SN XUT

TT ( GMP ) P DNG TRONG CC C S SN XUT THC PHM

1. QUY NH CHUNG
1.1 Hng dn ny bao gm cc ni dung c bn ca iu kin thc hnh sn xut tt ( Good
Manufacturing Practice GMP ) p dng chung cho cc c s sn xut thc phm nhm kim sot tt
c cc yu t nh hng ti qu trnh hnh thnh cht lng thc phm t thit k, xy lp nh xng,
thit b, dng c ch bin, iu kin phc v v chun b ch bin n qu trnh ch bin, bao gi bo
qun v con ngi iu hnh cc hot ng ch bin thc phm
1.2 Hng dn v nhng ni dung c bn ca iu kin thc hnh sn xut tt
( GMP ) p dng trong cc c s sn xut thc phm , gip cc c s sn xut thc phm xy dng
cc quy phm c th ph hp vi iu kin quy m, trnh cng ngh ca tng c s
2. THUT NG V NH NGHA:
Mt s thut ng dng trong hng dn ny c hiu nh sau :
2.1 Thnh phn ( Ingredient ): cc cht c trong thc phm bao gm c ph gia thc phm c s
dng trong qu trnh sn xut , ch bin thc phm v tn ti trong thnh phn ca thc phm d
di dng chuyn ho
2.2 Nguyn liu ( Raw material ): cc cht ban u c s dng ch bin thc phm v to nn
thnh phn chnh ca sn phm cui cng ca thc phm
2.3 Bao b ( Container ): vt cha ng dng cha thc phm thnh tng n v l. Bao b c th
ph kn hon ton hoc mt phn thc phm
2.4 S nhim bn ( Contamination ): s hin din ca bt k mt cht khng mong mun no bao gm
c vi sinh vt trong thc phm bng cch truyn trc tip hoc gin tip
2.5 Cht ph thi ( Waste ): cc cht c ngun gc t nguyn liu nhng khng dng lm thc phm
c v b thi ra trong qu trnh ch bin thc phm
2.6 Lm sch ( Cleaning ): l loi b cc vt cht khng mong mun nh bi, t, , cn thc phm ,
du m
2.7 Cht ty ra: ( Detergent ): cc hp cht ho hc mi trng kim hoc axit c hot tnh ty sch
dng trong qu trnh lm sch
2.8 S kh trng ( Disinfection ): lm gim s lng vi sinh vt ti mc khng gy hi cho thc phm
bng cc phng php ho hc hc vt l m nh hng ti thc phm
2.9 Cht kh trng ( Disinfectant ): cc ho cht c hot tnh ph hu cht sinh dng ca cc t bo
vi sinh vt v c dng trong qu trnh kh trng
2.10 Lm v sinh ( Sanitizing ): p dng h thng cc bin php lm sch, kh trng loi b cc vt
cht v vi sinh vt khng mong mun trn cc b mt tip xc vi thc phm hoc b mt khc m
khng gy nh hng ti thc phm v an ton ca ngi tiu dng
2.11 B mt tip xc vi thc phm ( Food contact surface ): cc b mt tip vi thc phm ( k c
nguyn liu v cc thnh phn khc ) bao gm b mt ca dng c v thit b ch bin , vt liu cha
ng v bao gi
2.12 Tnh gy hi ( Animal, bird, rodent and pest ): ch vt nui, chim, chut, cng trng ( bao gm c
rui, b, gin, kin) c th l ngun nhim bn trc tip hoc gin tip i vi thc phm

Page 1 of 10

GMP - Sn xut thc phm

EFC

2.13 X l thc phm ( Food handing ): l bt k mt qu trnh no bao gm vic chun b nguyn liu ,
sn xut , ch bin , bao gi , vn chuyn, bo qun, lu thng phn phi thc phm
2.14 Thc phm axit hoc thc phm axit ho; ( Acid foods or acidified foods ): thc phm c PH n
nh thp hn hoc bng 4,6
2.15 Nc ung c ( Potable water ): ch nc ti thi im s dng c tinh khit v v sinh
theo quy nh nc ung ca B Y t
2.16 Hm lng nc t do ( Water activity aw ): l i lng o m t do ca thc phm v l
thng s gia p sut hi nc ca cht vi p sut hi nc tinh khit cng nhit
2.17 H thng kim sot cht lng ( Critical control point CCP ): ch mt im trong dy chuyn ch
bin thc phm c kh nng gy ri ro cao v nu khng kim sot hp l s la nguyn nhn gy st
gim cht lng ca sn phm cui cng
3. NH XNG V PHNG TIN CH BIN:
3.1 Yu cu chung
3.1.1 Nh xng ch bin phi c t v tr cao so vi mt bng chung ca khu vc c h thng
thot nc ch ng v c hiu qu trnh ng lt vo ma ma
3.1.2 trnh gy nhim bn cho thc phm , v tr t nh xng ch bin phi p ng cc yu cu
sau:
a. Khng t qu gn ng c nhiu xe c qua li hoc cc nh my s dng than lm nun nng
lng, c th tch t bi v cht bn
b. Khng t gn cc khu vc chn nui, bi rc, khu ho tng ca ngha trangpht sinh cc mi hi
thi v l ngun sinh sn cc sinh vt gy hi
c. Khng t gn cc nh my sn xut kho tng tr ho hc, thuc bo v thc vt, c th pht sinh
hi c v lm nhim ngun nc
d. Khng t gn cc bnh vin c bit l cc bnh vin thuc khoa ly nh bnh vin lao. tri
phongv khng c ng cht thi chy qua
3.1.3 Vng ph cn v trong khu vc c s phi c ng rng, mt lt cng cc xe chuyn
dng d dng vn chuyn. Trong trng hp khu vc ph cn c nguy c gy nhim, c s cn c
bin php kim sot cht ch ngn chn s xm nhp ca sinh vt gy hi hoc cc cht nhim
bn
3.1.4 Tng din tch v c cu din tch ca c s ( khu tp kt nguyn liu, khu ch bin, khu bao gi,
khu bo qun) phi ph hp vi cng sut thit k ca c s v c xy dng vi khng gian ph
hp m bo thun tin cho vn hnh, bo dng, lm v sinh v kim tra
3.1.5 c xy dng vng chc bng cc vt liu khng nh hng ti thc phm , khng b cc vi
sinh vt gy hi xm nhp v tr ng, trnh c s xm nhp ca khi, bi, hi c v cc cht
nhim bn khc
3.1.6 c thit k v xy dng theo mt trc ph hp vi trnh t ca dy chuyn cng ngh ch bin
v c phn thnh khu cch bit: tp kt nguyn liu , ch bin , bao gi v bo qun c ng
chuyn ph phm v thi ph liu ring ca mi khu m bo nguyn tc khng ly nhim cho ln
nhau gia nguyn liu , bn thnh phm, v thnh phm, gia thc phm vi cc vt liu bao b, ho
cht ty ra hoc ph liu
3.2 Khu vc x l thc phm phi m bo
a. Sn nh: phi lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, khng hp th, khng c k nt hoc li lm
nhng khng c trn trt d lm sch v kh trng. Sn c xy vi nghing theo hng ca
h thng thot nc thi v sn ca khu ch bin nn cao hn sn ca khu tp kt nguyn liu v thp
hn sn ca khu bao gi
Page 2 of 10

GMP - Sn xut thc phm

EFC

b. Tng: lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, khng hp th v d lm sch. Tng phi nhn, khng
c cc vt nt ( l ni tch t bi bn hoc khu tr ca cng trng ), mu sng, cc gc tip gip gia
tng vi tng, tng vi trn v tng vi sn phi c p d lm sch v kh trng
c. Trn: trn nh phi c lm bng vt liu chng bm bi, t ngng ng hi nc, mc, mc,
khng b bong lp ph v d lm sch
d. Ca s: khung ca lm bng cc vt liu khng hp th, nhn, d lm sch, t ng v kn khi khp
li
f. Cu thang, thang my v cc cu trc ph: nh bc b, thang, cu trt, mng thiphi thit k v
xy lp sao cho khng nhim bn thc phm . Cu trt, mng thi phi c ca v c xy lp sao
cho d kim tra v lm sch
g. Lp t thit b: khong cch gia cc phng tin ch bin v vi tng phi rng m bo
thun tin cho vic di chuyn, thao tc ch bin v vic kim tra trnh gy nhim bn thc phm ,
b mt tip xc vi cc thc phm t qun o, phng tin bo h v hot ng ca con ngi
h. Bn ln men dng khi t ngoi tri cn bo v bng cc bin php sau:
- C np y
- Mt ngoi ca bn v np phi nhn trnh cn trng tr ng
- nh k kim tra ( s xm nhp ca cng rng, vt b khi cn)
i. Gim ti thiu kh nng nhim bn ( vi sinh vt , ho cht, tp cht ): gim ti thiu kh nng nhim
bn i vi thc phm , b mt tip xc vi thc phm , vt liu bao b cha ng thc phm bng
cc bin php kim sot an ton thc phm , t chc sn xut thch hp hoc thit k ph hp nhm
tch ri cc hot ng c th gy nhim bn trong dy chuyn sn xut bng mt trong cc bin php :
cch ly ( khng gian hoc thi gian ), thi kh
3.3 Phng tin v sinh:
a. Cp nc: nc c cung cp theo cc yu t sau:
- Cht lng nc:

Nc ung c

Dng cho cc cng on ch bin hoc lm sch m nc tip xc trc tip vi thc phm
hoc cc b mt tip xc vi thc phm ( k c nc ra tay)

Dng sn xut nc , m bng, lm chn

Nc khng ung c: dng sn xut hi nc, lm v sinh cc b mt khng tip xc trc tip
vi thc phm ( sn nh, tng, mng thi, dng c cha v vn chuyn cht thi) v dng
trong h thng an ton (phng cha) h thng v sinh (tr nc ra tay)

Nc ung c cp trong h thng ng ng kn c p sut v nhit ph hp vi yu cu

ca tng cng on ch bin v m bo cung cp y ti mi ni trong ton c s

H thng ng ng phi c kch thc ph hp, c thit k lp t thun tin bo dng,

lm sch v m bo khng c hin tng chy ngc hoc s thng thu gia nc ung c
v nc khng ung c, gia h thng cp nc v h thng thot nc. Phi c k hiu ring
phn bit h thng nc ung c v nc khng ung c

b. Thot nc:
- m bo rnh thot nc trn sn khu vc x l thc phm , khng gy hin tng ng nc
trn sn. Cc rnh thot nc phi lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, c kch thc ph hp vi lu
lng ti a ca dng nc thi, khng nc thi chy ngc li hoc trn t khu x l nguyn liu
sang khu ch bin v c xy lp d lm sch v kh trng
Page 3 of 10

GMP - Sn xut thc phm

EFC

- Cc h ga lng ng ca h thng nc thi phi c np y, t v tr ph hp, c thit k v

xy lp d lm sch v kh trng
c. Nh v sinh:
- Phi c s lng nh v sinh ph hp vi s ngi lm vic trong nh my, c th tham kho quy
nh sau:
S ngi lm vic

S nh v sinh

19

10 24

25 49

50 100

Trn 100 c 30 ngi thm 1 nh v sinh

- Nh v sinh khng c m ca ra thng khu vc x l thc phm ( tr khi l ca 2 lp hoc c h
thng thng gi nh hng theo chiu ngc vi hng m ca), ca ng t ng v khp kn
- S dng cc phng tin ra tay, lm kh tay t ng hoc m bng chn
- Thng cha giy v sinh , giy lau phi c np kn, m t ng hoc m bng chn
d. Phng tin ra tay: cc phng tin ra tay phi ng quy cch, t v tr thun tin c vi cp
nc ung c v v nhit thch hp vi yu cu ca cng on x l
- Phi c phng tin ra tay, lm kh tay ( t ng hoc iu khin bng chn ) theo t l ngi
lm vic, c b tr cc im cn thit theo quy nh
- S dng cc cht kh trng c hiu qu loi b vi sinh vt khi ra tay, dng thit b sy kh tay t
ng hoc giy v trng s dng mt ln ( khng dng khn s dng nhiu ln )
- Cc cht thi ( khn giy, cht kh trng ) phi c cha ng trong thng kn c np m t ng
hoc bng chn. Nc thi phi c thot ra trit khng ng trn mt sn hoc chy ngc
vo khu x l
3.4 Phng tin chiu sng:
a. Phi m bo sng ( t nhin hoc nhn to ) thch hp vi yu cu ca tng cng on, s
dng loi nh sng khng lm nh hng n s phn bit mu sc ca sn phm v c cng
khng nh hn:
540 lux ( 50 nn ) ti tt c cc im kim tra, khu ch bin th cng, khu phn loi nguyn liu
220 lux ( 20 nn ) ti cc khu lm vic
110 lux ( 10 n ) ti cc khu vc khc
b. Bng n, chao n, dy dn dng ti khu vc x l thc phm phi l loi an ton v phi c b
phn bo v trnh nhim bn thc phm khi b v
3.5 Thng gi:
Nh xng phi c thng gi ch ng bng h thng gi nhn to ( trnh tch t khng kh bn, hi
nc, nhit) theo cc yu cu:

Page 4 of 10

GMP - Sn xut thc phm

EFC

- Lung kh thng hi phi t ni sch n ni bn, t thnh phn thi v nguyn liu
- Thit b thng gi phi c cng sut ph hp vi yu cu thng kh ca tng cng on c th v
c lp t ti cc v tr ph hp vi cc yu cu ( c bit ch khu vc ch bin nhit, ch bin t
), khng kh phi c lc sch khi cn
- Cc ca thng gi phi c li bo v bng thp khng g va m bo an ton va ngn cn s
xm nhp ca sinh vt gy hi

3.6 Thit b v dng c

3.6.1 My mc thit b c ch to bng vt liu khng gy nhim bn thc phm v d lm sch.
Cc b phn tip xc trc tip vi thc phm phi bng thp khng g, c kt cu ph hp, cc phn
tip ni phi trn nhn d lm sch v kh trng
3.6.2 Cc thit b cp ng, p lnh hoc gia nhit, cc kho lnh hoc xe lnh phi c nhit k t ghi
duy tr ch nhit theo quy nh v c h thng bo ng khi c s c bin i nhit ngoi quy nh
3.6.3 Cc thit b dng o, iu chnh, ghi chp nhit , o PH, acid, hm lng nc t do hay
cc yu t nhm hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt c hi trong thc phm phi c m bo duy
tr v kim nh thng xuyn
3.6.4 My thi kh hay cc loi kh c thi vo thc phm phi c x l khng lm nhim bn
thc phm
3.6.5 Cc thit b v dng c, k c vt liu bao gi phi c thit k, lp t v s dng sao cho
trnh c s nhim bn thc phm do du, m bi trn, mnh vn kim loi, nc b nhim bn hay
bt c ngun ly nhim bn khc. Cc thit b phi c lp t sao cho d dng lm v sinh thit b
hay mi trng xung quanh
3.6.6 Cc dng c ( bn, x, r, chu) v phng tin cm tay ( dao, ko) phi lm bng cc vt
liu khng hp th. Trong ch bin t, bn r, cn dao khng lm bng g v mt bn ch bin lm
bng thp khng g. R, x, chu lm bng plastic
3.6.7 Cc thit b trong khu vc sn xut nhng khng trc tip tip xc vi thc phm cng phi m
bo v sinh
3.7 H thng an ton:
a. Nh xng phi thit k, xy dng m bo cc ng di chuyn thun tin cho nguyn liu, bn
thnh phm, ph phm v cht ph thi, m bo hot ng an ton trong trng hp khn cp ( c
bin bo v hng dn c th)
b. C h thng bo ng ton c s hoc tng khu vc trong trng hp khn
c. Xy dng h thng b nc, xc nh ngun nc phng chy, trang b cc phng tin v cc bnh
cha chy ti cc phn xng trong c s
4. Kim sot v sinh nh xng:
4.1 Yu cu chung
Nh xng, thit b, dng c v cc phng tin vt cht khc bao gm cc phng tin v sinh, h
thng cp nc v thot nc phi lun tnh trng v sinh v hot ng tt bao gm:
4.1.1 Tt c cc thit b v dng c phi c lm sch thng xuyn v kh trng nhng ni c
yu cu:
a. Cc b tip xc vi thc phm :
- Dng sn xut hoc cha ng cc sn phm c m thp phi lun kh sch trc khi s
dng. Nu ra bng nc, phi c kh trng lm kh trc khi dng
Page 5 of 10

GMP - Sn xut thc phm

EFC

- Dng sn xut hoc cha ng cc sn phm t phi c ra sch v kh trng trc khi s
dng, sau thi gian ngh gia ca. Vi cc b mt c s dng lin tc, cn lm sch v thanh trng
theo tng khon thi gian nht nh
b. Cc b mt khng tip xc trc tip vi thc phm phi c lm sch v kh trng thng xuyn
4.1.2 Ngay sau mi ca lm vic hoc trong thi gian ngh gia ca, phi lm sch v kh trng tng,
sn, cng rnh thot nc v cc cng trnh ph
4.1.3 Cc phng tin v sinh phi c lun lun gi gn sch s v m bo trong tnh trng hot
ng tt
4.1.4 Sn, ng khu ph cn v khu cung cp nguyn vt liu cho c s phi lun gi sch s
4.1.5 Phng php, ho cht s dng trong lm sch v kh trng theo quy nh ti ph lc
4.2 Cha v x l ph phm v cht thi:
4.2.1 Ph phm phi c bo qun khng nh hng ti thnh phm v sau mi ca phi chuyn
ra khi khu vc ch bin
4.2.2 Cc cht thi rn phi c lu gi trong cc cng c thch hp c np y kn m bo khng
ly nhim n thc phm v thng xuyn c chuyn ra khu tp kt ch x l bng con ng
ring khng i qua khu vc ang ch bin
4.2.3 Cc dng c cha ng ph phm v cht thi c lm sch v kh trng sau mi ln s dng.
Cc khu cha cht thi rn v lng phi nh k lm sch v st trng
4.2.4 Cc dng c cha ng ph phm v cht thi phi c lm sch v kh trng sau mi ln s
dng. Cc khu cha cht thi rn v lng phi nh k lm sch v st trng
4.3 Bo qun ho cht nguy him
4.3.1 Ch s dng ho cht sau y trong c s sn xut thc phm :
a. Ho cht lm sch v ho cht kh trng
b. Ho cht dit, by sinh vt gy hi
d. Ho cht dng th nghim
e. Cc ho cht dng bo dng v vn hnh thit b, phng tin ch bin trong c s
4.3.2 Mi nhm ho cht phi bo qun ring, c bao b an ton, trn nhn phi ghi r tn, c tnh,
cch dng
4.3.3 Kho bo qun phi cch bit vi khu ch bin, vi kho cha nguyn liu bao gi thc phm , bn
ngoi phi c bin , ca c kho v do nhn vin c chuyn mn qun l
4.4 Kim sot sinh vt gy hi
- Khng gia sc trong khu vc c s
- Phi c mt chng trnh lin tc kim sot sinh vt gy hi, phi thng xuyn kim tra s xm
nhp v xut hin ca chng c s v cc khu xung quanh
4.5 dng c nhn
- dng c nhn v qun o c ct gi bn ngoi khu vc x l thc phm
5. Kim sot qu trnh ch bin:
- Tt c cc hot ng phi thc hin theo nguyn tc v sinh c bn
- C bin php kim sot cht lng thch hp sao cho cc im kim sot quan trng c xc nh
v c kim sot trong qu trnh ch bin
Page 6 of 10

GMP - Sn xut thc phm

EFC

- C ngi nng lc theo di, gim st hot ng v sinh

- Thc hin cc bin php phng sn phm b nhim bn
- Th nghim cc ch tiu vi sinh, ho hc, tp cht khu cn thit xc nh nguy c ly nhim
- Sn phm b nhim bn hay bin cht phi b loi hoc c x l gim bt c cht
5.1 Nguyn vt liu :
- Phi an ton v thch hp cho nhu cu s dng ( k c vt liu bao gi, ph gia thc phm )
- Phi c kim tra, phn loi, x l khi cn thit
- Phi c m bo qun thch hp chng s nhim bn v s phn hu
- Ra bng nc ung c trc khi a vo trong sn xut ( i vi nguyn vt liu c th ra
c )
- Kim tra dng c cha khi tip nhn nguyn vt liu
a. Nguyn vt liu c th c kim tra bng cch ly mu phn tch hoc cng nhn giy xc nhn
cht lng ca nh cung ng
b. Cc nguyn vt liu c lng vi sinh vt mc gy hi cho sc kho phi c thanh trng, x l
trc khi a vo sn xut
c. Cc nguyn vt liu b nhim aflatoxin hay cc c t sinh hc phi c loi b khng c a
vo sn xut
d. Ch a vo sn xut cc nguyn vt liu c mc nhim cn trng, tp cht l di mc quy nh
e.Nguyn vt liu phi c bo qun trong cc dng c cha thich hp v nhit i m thch
hp trnh nhim bn hoc h hng.
f. Nguyn vt liu phi c bo qun trong iu kin ng lnh. Nu c yu cu phi lm tan ng
trc khi sn xut, vic lm tan ng c thc hin sao cho khng lm hng, nhim bn nguyn vt
liu.
g.Cc nguyn vt liu lng hay kh phi c bo qun thch hp trnh b nhim bn.
5.2 Hot ng sn xut :
a.Thit b, dng c, cc thng cha phi c ra sch v kh trng. Nu cn thit phi tho ri cc
b phn lm v sinh.
b.Kim sot ton b qu trnh sn xut, k c khu bao gi, bo qun bng cch :
- Kim sot cc thng s vt l nh : thi gian, nhit , m, a, pH, p sut.
- Thi gian sn xut.
- Kim sot cc cng on x l nh : lm ng lnh, lm kh, gia nhit, axit ho, m bo khng
lm hng sn phm khi c s c h hng c hc, s chm tr, s thay i nhit hoc iu kin sn
xut.
c.Nhng thc phm l mi trng t cho s pht trin ca vi sinh vt phi c x l thch hp
trnh ly nhim bng cch :
- Duy tr thc phm p lnh nhit <7,2oC
- Duy tr thc phm ng lnh trong tnh trng ng cng.
- Duy tr thc phm nng nhit >60oC

Page 7 of 10

GMP - Sn xut thc phm

EFC

-X l nhit i vi thc phm axit hay axits ho dit cc vi sinh vt chu nhit trung bnh thc
phm c th bo qun trong bao b kn ht chn khng nhit thng.
d.Cc bin php x l nh thanh trung, chiu x, tit trng, ng lnh, lm lnh, kim sot pH, aw, phi
hp vi iu kin sn xut, bo qun, phn phi ca sn phm trnh lm hng sn phm.
e.Thao tc trn dy truyn sn xut phi c thc hin trnh lm ly nhim sn phm.
f.Trnh s nhim bn thnh phm bi nguyn vt liu. Khi nguyn vt liu, p phm khng ch trong
dng c y kn s khng c thao tc cng mt lc trong khu vc tip nhn, bc d, cht hng.
Thc phm c vn chuyn bng bng ti phi trnh ly nhim.
g.Khng tp cht l, tp cht kim loi bm ln vo thc phm bng cch dng cc thit b pht hin
kim loi trong thc phm.
h.Thc phm, nguyn vt liu b hng phi c loi b. Nu thc phm b hng nhng cn ti ch
c th vic ti ch phi c hiu qu. Sau khi ti ch, sn phm c kim tra, nu t u cu mi
c nhp chung vi cc sn phm khc.
i.Cc cng on x l c hc phi c thc hin sao cho khng lm nhim bn sn phm.
- Trnh lm ri, nh cht bn vp thc phm
- Lm sch v st trng b mt tip xc vi thc phm
- Kim sot thi gian, nhit ti mi v gia cc cng on sn xut
j. Khi cn c cng on chn, vic chn phi c hiu qu bng cch gia nhit sn phm n nhit
quy nh v gi trong thi gian nht nh, sau nhanh chng lm ngui v chuyn sang cng on
tip theo. Dng c dng trong cng on chn phi c lm sch thng xuyn trnh s pht
trin ca vi sinh vt chu nhit
k. Cc loi bt nho, nc st, bt o v cc ch phm tng t khc phi c x l thch hp sao
cho khng b nhim bn bng cc bin php sau:
- S dng cc thnh phn khng b ly nhim
- Thanh trng khi cn thit
- Kim sot thi gian v nhit
- y np dng c cha
- Gi nhit lnh thch hp trong qu trnh sn xut
- Chuyn bt nho sang cng on khc trong khong thi gian thch hp
- Sp xp, b tr hp l bt nho khng b phn hu trong thi gian ngh gii lao
l. Cc thc phm kh, cc loi ht cn kim sot hm lng nc t do (aw) ngn nga s pht
trin ca vi sinh vt c hi, phi c x l v duy tr m mc an ton bng cch:
- Theo di aw ca thc phm
- Kim sot hm lng cht rn ho tan thnh phn
- S dng cht chng ht m aw trong tp khng tng qu mc an ton
m. Nhng thc phm c tnh axit hay axit ho cn kim sot PH ngn nga s pht trin ca vi sinh
vt c hi, phi duy tr PH 4,6 bng cch:
- Kim tra PH ca nguyn vt liu
- Kim tra axit ca thnh phn tham gia vo thc phm
n. Nc tip xc trc tip vi thc phm phi m bo yu cu v sinh
Page 8 of 10

GMP - Sn xut thc phm

EFC

o. Khu vc sn xut thc phm v thit b sn xut thc phm cho ngi khng c s dng sn
xut thc n gia sc
6. YU CU V CON NGI:
6.1 iu kin sc kho
a. Nht thit phi kim tra sc kho ( v th lc, tr lc v bnh tt ) ca tt c mi ngi khi tuyn
dng vo lm vic ti c s ch bin thc phm , c bit l nhng cng nhn tip xc trc tip vi
thc phm
b. trong qu trnh lm vic, cn t chc khm sc kho nh k cho mi ngi m bo ch c
nhng ngi tiu chun sc kho mi c tip xc lm vic trong c s sn xut thc phm
6.2 Cch ly ngun ly nhim
a. a ra ngoi dy chuyn ch bin thc phm nhng ngi b hoc nghi ng mang bnh truyn
nhim phi iu tr di ngy ( bnh lao, vim gan siu vi trng) c th gy nguy him cho thc phm
b. Ngh vic iu tr ti khi khi hn nhng ngi mc bnh d ly lan nh cm cm, st siu vi
trng, t, thng hn cc loi bnh da liu, vt thng, mn nht c kh nng gy nhim bn thc
phm
6.3 Ch v sinh
- Tt c nhng ngi tip xc trc tip vi thc phm ( k c nguyn liu v cc thnh phn khc ),
vi cc b mt tip xc vi thc phm v vi cc nguyn liu bao gi u phi thc hin nghim tc
cc cc quy nh v sinh sau y:
a. C th phi sch s trc khi bt tay vo lm vic
b. Mc o chong sch, sng mu, i m trm u tc, eo khu trang, i ng v gng tay sng mu
bng vt liu khng thm nc v khng b n mn. Vi nhng ngi lm vic khu vc t cn c
thm tp d bng vt liu khng thm nc
c. Khng eo trang sc ( nhn, vng, ng h) c th ri vo thc phm hoc ri vo thit b khi
ang vn hnh hoc c th tch t cht bn l ngun nhim bn thc phm . Mng tay phi ct ngn v
khng nhum sn mng tay
d. Ra tay k bng cht ty ra ( hoc cht kh trng khi cn thit ), lm kh tay ngay sau khi ra
trc khi bt tay vo lm vic, sau khi tm dng lm vic trong mt thi gian ngn, thay i cng vic,
sau khi i v sinh, hoc sau khi tip xc vi cht khc khng phi l thc phm
e. Khng c n ung, nhai ko cao su, ht thuc, ngm tm, n tru, ngm thuc cha bnh, thm
ch ni to, hoc th gy nhim bn thc phm
f. Khng vt giy ln ( giy ko, bao thuc l) tc, mu thuc, dc phm, m phm trong cc khu
vc x l thc phm
g. Tuyt i khng c khc nh trong cc khu vc x l thc phm
h. Chp hnh ng cc quy nh s dng cc phng tin v sinh, vt khn s dng mt ln vo ni
quy nh, ct gi qun o v dng v c nhn bn ngoi khu vc sn xut
i. Khch thm khu vc x l thc phm cn:
- Mc o chong, i m trm ( v khi cn c th eo khu trang, i ng )
- Chp hnh ng cc yu cu v hnh vi c nhn v cc quy nh v sinh trong khu vc m h tham
quan
6.4 Gio dc, o to v u t

Page 9 of 10

GMP - Sn xut thc phm

EFC

a. Thng xuyn gio dc thc t gic chp hnh quy nh v sinh c nhn, v sinh nh xng, v
sinh cng cng cho ngi c bit l cng nhn tip xc trc tip vi thc phm , nguyn liu v b
mt tip vi thc phm
b. C ch thng pht v v sinh v cht lng i vi mi ca, t, nhm sn xut v c nhn
c. o to v k thut v nhim v qun l v sinh cho cn b qun l
d. u t trang thit b v sinh nh xng v c nhn, bo dng, sa cha, kim tra m bo cc
phng tin v thit b v sinh lun vn hnh tt
6.5.1 Kim tra, gim st: c cn b chuyn trch kim tra, gim st vic thc hin quy ch v sinh
mi cng on trong qu trnh x l
7.KIM SOT KHU BO QUN V PHN PHI
Vic vn chuyn v bo qun thnh phm phi m bo trnh nhim bn thc phm bi cc tc
nhn vt l, ho hc, vi sinh v khng lm phn hu thc phm .

Page 10 of 10