Ishikawa diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Ishikawa diagram
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams,

herringbone diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, or
Fishikawa) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru Ishikawa
(1968) that show the causes of a specific event.[1][2] Common
uses of the Ishikawa diagram are product design and quality
defect prevention, to identify potential factors causing an
overall effect. Each cause or reason for imperfection is a
source of variation. Causes are usually grouped into major
categories to identify these sources of variation. The
categories typically include
People: Anyone involved with the process
Methods: How the process is performed and the
specific requirements for doing it, such as policies,
procedures, rules, regulations and laws
Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc.
required to accomplish the job
Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc. used
to produce the final product
Measurements: Data generated from the process that
are used to evaluate its quality
Environment: The conditions, such as location, time,
temperature, and culture in which the process operates

Ishikawa diagram

One of the Seven Basic Tools of Quality

First

Kaoru Ishikawa

described
by
Purpose

To break down (in successive layers of

detail) root causes that potentially
contribute to a particular effect

Contents
1 Overview
2 Causes
2.1 The 5 M's (used in manufacturing industry)
2.2 The 7 P's (used in marketing industry)
2.3 The 5 S's (used in service industry)
3 See also
4 References
4.1 Further reading
5 External links

Overview
Ishikawa diagrams were popularized in the 1960s by Kaoru Ishikawa,[3] who pioneered quality management
processes in the Kawasaki shipyards, and in the process became one of the founding fathers of modern
management.
The basic concept was first used in the 1920s, and is considered one of the seven basic tools of quality control.[4]

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Ishikawa diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikawa_diagram

It is known as a fishbone diagram because of its shape, similar

to the side view of a fish skeleton.

Ishikawa diagram, in fishbone shape, showing

factors of Equipment, Process, People, Materials,
Environment and Management, all affecting the
overall problem. Smaller arrows connect the
sub-causes to major causes.

Mazda Motors famously used an Ishikawa diagram in the

development of the Miata sports car, where the required result
was "Jinba Ittai" (Horse and Rider as One jap. ).
The main causes included such aspects as "touch" and
"braking" with the lesser causes including highly granular
factors such as "50/50 weight distribution" and "able to rest
elbow on top of driver's door". Every factor identified in the
diagram was included in the final design.

Causes

Causes in the diagram are often categorized, such as to the 5

M's, described below. Cause-and-effect diagrams can reveal key
relationships among various variables, and the possible causes provide additional insight into process behavior.
Causes can be derived from brainstorming sessions. These groups can then be labeled as categories of the
fishbone. They will typically be one of the traditional categories mentioned above but may be something unique
to the application in a specific case. Causes can be traced back to root causes with the 5 Whys technique.
Typical categories are

The 5 M's (used in manufacturing industry)

Machine (technology)
Method (process)
Material (Includes Raw Material, Consumables and Information.)
Man Power (physical work)/Mind Power (brain work): Kaizens, Suggestions
Measurement (Inspection)
The original 5 M's used by the Toyota Production System have been expanded by some to include the following
and are referred to as the 8 Ms. However, this is not globally recognized. It has been suggested to return to the
roots of the tools and to keep the teaching simple while recognizing the original intent; most programs do not
address the 8M's.
Milieu/Mother Nature(Environment)
Management/Money Power
Maintenance

The 7 P's (used in marketing industry)

Product/Service
Price
Place
Promotion
People/personnel
Process
Physical Evidence

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The 7 P's are primarily used in service marketing.

The 5 S's (used in service industry)

Surroundings
Suppliers
Systems
Skills
Safety

See also
Seven Basic Tools of Quality
Five whys
Ishikawa Diagram Examples (http://creately.com/blog/examples/fishbone-diagram-templates/)

References
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ishikawa, Kaoru (1968). Guide to Quality Control. Tokyo: JUSE.

Ishikawa, Kaoru (1976). Guide to Quality Control. Asian Productivity Organization. ISBN 92-833-1036-5.
Hankins, Judy (2001). Infusion Therapy in Clinical Practice. p. 42.
Tague, Nancy R. (2004). "Seven Basic Quality Tools" (http://www.asq.org/learn-about-quality/seven-basic-qualitytools/overview/overview.html). The Quality Toolbox. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: American Society for Quality. p. 15.
Retrieved 2010-02-05.

Further reading
Ishikawa, Kaoru (1990); (Translator: J. H. Loftus); Introduction to Quality Control; 448 p; ISBN
4-906224-61-X OCLC 61341428 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61341428)
Dale, Barrie G. et al. (2007); Managing Quality 5th ed; ISBN 978-1-4051-4279-3 OCLC 288977828
(https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/288977828)

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Ishikawa_diagram&oldid=675430251"

Wikimedia Commons has

media related to Ishikawa
diagrams.

Categories: Causal diagrams Causality Knowledge representation

Quality control tools
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