Example 5.

2 (Design for torsion with shear)

The 8.5m span beam shown in figure E5.2a & b carries a monolithic slab cantilevering 1.8m
past the beam centre line, as shown in the section. The resulting L beam supports a live load
of 13 kN/m along the beam centre line plus 2.4 kN/m 2 uniformly distributed over the upper
slab surface. The effective depth to the flexural steel centroid is 550 mm, and the distance
form the beam surfaces to the centroid of stirrup steel is 35mm. Material strengths are fck = 35
MPa and fy = 410 MPa. Design the torsional and shear reinforcement for the beam.

1.8m

8.5m

1.5m
150mm
600mm
(b)

(a)
300mm
Fig. E 5.2
Solution:
Dead load due to self wt. of slab = 25*0.15*1.65
DL = 6.19kN/m
Live load from slab = 2.4*1.65
LL = 3.96kN/m
ULS load, Pd = 1.3DL + 1.6LL
= 1.3*6.19+1.6*3.96
= 14.38kN/m at 0.97m eccentricity
While the beam carries directly.
DL = 25*0.3*0.6 = 4.5kN/m
LL = 13 + 2.4*0.3 = 13.72kN/m
ULS load, Pd = 1.3 +2.4*0.3 = 13.72 = 27.80kN/m
Total UDL on the bam = 42.18kN/m
Associated torque, t = 14.38*0.975 = 14.02kNm/m
At the face of the column

42.18 * 8.5
179.27 kN
2

-The design shear force, Vsd =

- The design torsional moment, Tsd =

179.27

14.02 * 8,5
59.59kNm
2

Tsd(kNm)

Vsd(kNm)
d

59.59

3.7m

3.7m

4.25m

4.25m

The values of Vsd and Tsd at the critical design section, a distance d from the column face, are:
Vsd = 179.27 *
Tsd = 59.59 *

3.7
156.07 kN
4.25

3 .7
51.88kNm
4.25

Torsional resistance of concrete fro pure torsion:

Tc=1.2fctdAefhef

0.21 * f ck 0.21 * (35)

fctd =

rc
1.5
hef =

1.498MPa

Ag
300 * 600

100mm
u
2(300 600)

Aef = xoyo= (300-100)(600-100)= 200*500

= 100000mm2
Tc = 1.2*1.498N/mm2 *100000mm2 * 100mm *10-6
Tc =17.976kNm
Resistance of concrete for pure direct shear:
Vc = 0.25fctdk1k2bwd
Assume k1 = 1+50*min = 1+50*

0.6
1.073
410

K2 = 1.6 - d 1.0
= 1.6 0.55 = 1.05
Vc = 0.25 * 1.498 * 1.073 * 1.05 * 300 * 550 * 10-3

= 69.62kN
The reduction factors for
1

(i) Torsion: tc =

1 (

v sd / vc 2
)
Tsd / Tc

V sd / v c 156.07 / 69.62
2.24

0.7767
Tsd / Tc
51.88 / 17.976 2.886

tc =

1 0.7767 2

0.79

(ii) Shear : vc=

1 (

Tsd / Tc 2
)
Vsd / Vc

vc =

1
1
(0.7767) 2

0.61

Torsional shear resistance :

Tc = 17.976 * 0.79 = 14.20kNm.Tsd.
Hence torsional reinforcement is required.
Torsional resistance for diagonal compression.
For pure torsion, T Rd = 0.80 fcd Aef hef
TRd = 0.80 * (

0.85 * 35
) * 105 * 100 * 10 6 158.67 kNm
1.5

For pure direct shear:

VRd = 0.25 fcd bwd
= 0.25 * 19.83 * 300 * 550 * 10-3
= 818.125kN.
The reduction factors:
1
V
For torsion, t = 1 ( sd / VRd ) 2
Tsd / TRd
Vsd / V Rd 156.07 / 818.125 0.191

0.583
Tsd / TRd
51.88 / 158.67
0.327

t =

1
1 0.58 2

0.86

For direct shear, r =

1
1 (
)2
0.583

0.504

Torsional resistance from diagonal compression

TRd = t TRd = 0.86 * 158.67 = 136.46kNm
Since TRd Tsd (136.46 51.88) the cross section is adequate size for the given concrete
strength.
Additional stirrups required due to torsional shear

Tsd S
Aleg =

2 xo y o col (

fy

rs

xoyo = Aef = 105mm2

fy
rs

f yd

410
356.5MPa
1.15

Assuming 6 stirrups:
Aleg =

(6 2 )
28mm 2
4

Spacing of stirrups, S =

2 Aef Aleg f yd col

Tsd

Assume = 450
S=

2 * 10 5 * 28 * 356.5 * cot 45 0
38.48mm
51.88 *10 6

Spacing is increased if 8 stirrups are used:

Aleg =
S=

* 82
50mmm 2
4

50
* 38.48mm 68.7 mm
28

Use 8 stirrups c/c 60mm (additional stirrups used to resist torsional shear).

Additional longitudinal bars due to torsional shear.

Along = Tsd
Along =

( xo y o )
cot
xo y o f yd

51.88 * (200 500)

* cot 45 0 * 10 6
200 * 500 * 356.5

Along = 1018.68mm2 = 1019mm2

#18 =

1019
4.01
254

Use 4 18 bars placed on mid-sides of the beam.

4 18 for torsional shear

reinforcement only