Surace Finishes

Surface Finishes
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COMMONARRANGEMENTSCOPE OF MIO
A layer ofcement-sand or concrete cast ontonewor existingstructural floorsandroofs to form a

smoothandregularbase for fmishes; alayer ofconcrete or granolithic cast onto new or existing
structural floors and fmishedto form a smoothwearingsurface. The layers maybe cast
monolithically, mechanically bondedor unbonded.
INCLUDED
Cement-sand screeds.
Concrete screeds/flooring.
Granolithic flooring.
Lightweightaggregateconcrete screeds.
Lightweightaggregateno fines screeds with sand-cement surfacing.
Unbondeddry screedswithsand-cement surfacing.
Aeratedconcretescreeds.
Admixtures.
Floatingconstruction, includingboardorquilt insulation, separating sheet,wirenetting.
Separate construction, includingseparating sheet.
Bondedconstruction, includingmechanical scabbling, bondingagent.
Monolithicconstruction.
Providingtemporarydrainageholes at lowpoints on concreteroof slabs.
Cast-indryingout ductsfor roofscreeds.
Coves, skirtings, margins,treads,risers,etc.
Stairnosings,slip proofsections.
Expansionand contractionjoints, includingfillers and sealants(butsee joints in monolithictoppingsbelow).
-Vacuum dewatering.
Floated,brushed, trowelled,powerfloated,powergroundfinishes.
Surface hardeners.
Broadcastnon-slipmaterials.
Curingand protecting.
EXCLUDED
Jointsin monolithicconcretetoppingswhich coincidewithjoints inthe baseconcrete.
(Jointsin in-situconcrete, E40).
Directfinishingofstructuralconcreteslabs.
(Workedfinishes/Cutting to in-situconcreteMl).
Insituterrazzo.
(Terrazzo/Marble tiling/Insituterrazzo,M42).
Surfacescalers.
(Painting/Clear finishing,M60).
Workingaround pipes, conduits, etc.
(Holesand chasesforservices, P31).
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
BSI documents referredto inthis Worksection are:
BS 12:
1996: Portlandcement.
BS 146:
1996: Portlandblastfurnace cement.
BS 410:
1986: Test sieves+ AMD 8255.
BS 882:
1983: Aggregates from natural sources for concrete+ AMD 5150.

1990: Lightweightaggregates for masonaryunits and structural concrete
+ AMD 6796.
BS 3797:
BS 3984:
1982: Sodium silicates.
405
BS 8000:
Workmanship onbuilding sites.

Part 9: 1989: Code ofpracticeforcementlsandfloor screedsand concrete floor
toppings.
BS 8204:
Insitufloorings.
Part2: 1987: Codeofpracticefor concrete wearingsurfaces.
GENERAL
Clauses in this Worksection cover screeds and toppingseither laid on agreen concrete base
(monolithic), laid and bondedto ahardenedconcrete base or laid separately withoutbondingto
thesubstrate.
Althoughlightweight cementitious screeds laid on roofs enable the designerto obtainthe required
falls withoutimposingexcessiveloading they do not bythemselves, providethe degree of
insulation requiredunless laid to unacceptable thicknesses. All lightweight screedscan absorb
considerable amounts ofrainwater unless protectedand must notbe laid directly on a vapour
barrier. No fines lightweight aggregate/cement screeds should be toppedwith a sand cement
screed 13mmthick.
M060
M070
Sub-clause e. Onlyuse wherea fme screedsurfaceis requiredto the fme concretescreed

specifiedat b.
The advantages claimedfor proprietary modifiedsand cement screedsover traditionalmixes
includehigher initialstrength, greaterresistance to curlingand faster dryingout time. They cost
more thannon-proprietary screedsand the specifiershouldsatisfyhimselfthat the advantages
claimedoutweighthe extrainitialcosts.
It is often desirable to have manufacturers or suppliers laytheir ownproduct,thus assuringthat

thescreed laid has a 'backto back' guarantee coveringboth material and workmanship:from the
same company.
Alternativelysome proprietary admixture manufacturers recommend screedlaying firmslicensed

to laytheir product.
M090&
M100
M130
Ml40&
Wherethe choiceofaggregate is left to the Contractorincludeboth these clauses. Wherethe type

ofaggregateis restrictedto one ofthespecifiedaggregates delete inapplicable clause and
inapplicablemixproportionsin clauseMl20.
Wherethe structural slab is laid to fallsof 1 in 40 the screedsshouldbe laid to a constant
thicknessofnot less than 50mm Where distanace to rainwateroutletis such that screedlaid to a
1 in 40 fall would result in an unreasonable depth ofscreed, the fall can be reducedto 1 in 80
provideditreceivesan asphaltcovering.
Alternativeclauses. Deleteinapplicable clause. See GuidanceNotes to W080andW090.
M150
Ml70to
M190
M2l0&
M220
M210
406
These materials are includedfor the specification offloatingscreeds. Selectan appropriate

insulantfrom Worksection PlO and complete the cross reference. Floatingscreedsshouldbe of
fme concrete and laid to a thickness ofat least 75 mm wherethere is a risk ofcurling or cracking.
Floatingconstruction is bestincreased to a 100 mm thickmesh reinforcedslab, designedas a
separatefloor.
Wherethe screedisto receive afmishwhichwillaccommodate the movementjointfmish
treatmentwithinits depth, such details shouldbe includedin the appropriate fmishesWorksection.
Wherethe screed/topping isto receive athin finish egtiles on a thin bed, PVC flooringor
carpettingor form the wearingsurface eg grano,details shouldbe includedhere, selectingthe
required clause. As the sealantsspecified in Z22 are liable to indentation damagethey shouldnot
be usedin locations which carry such arisk.
Cross refer to clausein Worksection Z22 fortype ofsealantrequired.
M230 &
M240
Use these clauses wherea surface hardenedornon-slipfmishis requiredtotoppingswhichwill

not receive floor coverings.
M250
Completethe schedule ifnecessary(eg wheremore than one type ofscreedor toppingwith

variousthicknesses andbase preparations are required)by statingthe locationofeach type of
screedor topping;the thickness, methodofbase preparation and laying as applicable. Where
possible givethe clausereference(s)and ensureinapplicable clauses are deletedfromthe project
specification. Guidanceon selection ofthe variousapplications is given later in these notes.
BS8000:Part 9 specifies basic workmanship requirements. The remaining clauses in this
Worksection are eitheralternatives, supplementary or additionalto BS 8000 as stated inW020
and may be addedto wheneverthe individual requirements oftheproject demandit.
WO10
W050 to
W070&
wl00
Select the applicablebase preparations requiredand insert clausenumber(s)in column 4 of the

schedule at clauseM250.
W050
Use this clauseto specif'base preparation to be carriedoutwhen the concrete is still plastic. This
methodofpreparationshouldbe used for monolithic toppings.
W060
Wherethe base is athinlayerofconcrete (under 100mm) laid onprecastconcreteunits,

mechanical scabblingmay cause damage. In this situationamendthe clauseto includefor shot or
gritblastingwhichis equallyeffective in roughening thesurface as mechanical means.
Delete'and check base
makinggood' for new worksasthis applies only to work on
old
concrete
slabs.
existing
Alternativeclauses. Deleteinapplicable clause. The use ofcement grout as abondingagentmust
be thesubjectofclose supervisionon site. Use ofexcessgroutorallowingthegroutto drymay
result in debondingofthe screed.
Selectthe type ofscreed/topping and methodoflaying requiredand enter details by cross
referenceto the particularclauses in columns 1 and 5 ofthe schedule at clause M250.
W080 &
W090
W120 to
W210
Delete clauses not required.

W120 to
Wl70
Whetherscreeds/toppings are to be laid monolithically, bondedor unbondedwilldetenninetheir

thicknessand methodoflaying. Thicknesses shouldbe shown onthe drawings and enteredin
column3 ofthe schedule at clauseM250. Thefollowingguidance notes tothe particularclauses
areofferedas guidancewhen selecting thetype and method ofconstruction ofthevarious
screeds/toppings.
W120 &
Wl50
Separatebondedscreeds/toppings shouldbe usedwhereverpossible. Thicknessesofbonded

screedsand toppingsshouldbe withinthe followinglimits:
Screeds: not less than 25 mm - notmorethan40 mm.
Granoandconcrete: not less than20 mm - notmorethan40 mm.
W130,
W140 &
W160
Unbonded screeds/toppings should normally be usedonly whereitis impossible to achieve abondeg

screeds laid on damp proofmembranes or a concrete base containing a water repellent admixture or
where thebase is ofweakermix concrete thanthe screed andtherestraint likely to be imposed bythe
basewill be only slight. Thickness ofunbonded screeds and toppings shouldnotbe lessthan 75 mm
and 100mmrespectively. It isrecommended howeverthat screeds ofthis thickness should
preferably be offine concrete (clause Wl40) with monolithically appliedcement/sand screed finish
(5-10 mm thickof 1:4V2 cement:sand mix)where a fme fmishis required.
Anexceptionto therecommendation that unbondedscreedsshouldnot be less than 75 mmcan be

made in situations, suchas housingand areas ofsimilarsize andusage,wherecement/sand
screeds may be used with a minimumthicknessof50 mm.
407
T
SCREEDS,CONCRETE
LITmcocnJNG
AND
Guidance Nate
W140
Sub-clause c. Deleteifa fme finish(for thin floor coverings such as vinyl) is not required.
Wi70
Monolithictoppingsshouldnotbe less than 10mm thick and notmore than 20 mm thick.

Ensurethat clauseW140is includedin the projectspecification orrepeat its contentin place of
W210
sub-clause c.
W230
Sub-clauses e and f. Include eitherorboth these sub-clauses dependingon the type ofjoint
surface treatment(s) specifiedat M210 (withsub-clausee) and M220 (withsub-clausef). Ifthe
movementjointtreatmentis to be specifiedin the floor fmishWorksection deletethe sub-clauses
and associated materials clauses. See also guidance note to M210and M220.
M260&
M270
Use these clauses whereasurface hardened/non-slip fmish is requiredto toppingsnotto receive

floor coverings
W290
Ifa less exactingsurface regularitydeviation is requiredamend clauseaccordingly.
W300
This clause specifies the testing ofscreeds with the BRE (Impact)ScreedTesterwhichcan be
used for projectswith densescreeds laid on solidconcretefloors. Thetest shouldnot be used in
its standard form with dense screeds laid on hollowpot, waffle orsimilartypes offloors, nor on
toppingsor lightweight screeds which could suffer damage nor on floatingscreeds. BRE has
developedamodifiedprocedurefor the testingofsuch screeds andspecifiersare advisedto
enquire about its suitability for the particularprojectapplication before invokingitsuse.
See Table 1
ofBS8204:Part 2.
Testing is alwaysadvisable becauseofthe high incidencethe ofthe latent failures on screedsof
this type.
Insetnumber oflocations calculated from the table below:
No oftests
Room/Baysize
Roomsupto 15m2
3 testsatrandom locations plus

1 test ineachdoorway.
Baysupto 15m2
6testsper bay.
Baysover 15m2
and upto30m2
10testsperbay
Baysover30m2
4testsper each 10m2
Thenumber oftests requiredaboveare minimum requirements. Whereit is considered additional

testing is necessaryspecifiednumberoftests may be increased.
Whendetennininglocationoftests attestingstage these shouldbe randomlypositionedover full
area ofrooms orbays. Some tests shouldbetaken atthe edges ofbays or perimetersofrooms,
aroundcolumns orupstands, with other locations as necessary to ensure adequatesampling.
3 mm is the maximum acceptableindentation. The mixes at clauseM060will meet this test
subjectto a reasonable standard ofworkmanship being appliedonsite. Whereheavy loadsor
wheeledtraffic is to be takenbythe flooring, amaximum indentation of 1mm is the acceptable
limit. This can only be achievedbythe use ofhigh strengthconcrete topping,andwhere
specifiedthis clause shouldbe modifiedto state the lower limit.
408
i..:M:SflcASPllAL1LOOR
COMMONARRANGEMENTSCOPE OF Ml!
Mastic asphaltappliedtonewor existingfloorsto providea damp-resistant finished surface or
substrate for other floor finishes.
INCLUDED
Preparingbases to give bond, eg cleaning, applyingprimer.
Isolationofflooring from baseby dusting, isolating membrane, sheathing felt orglass fibretissue.
Mastic asphaltfloor finishesincluding special types, eg lowtemperature, hightemperature, oil resistant, acid
resistant, anti-static, gutless.
Surfacefinishing,includingsand rubbed, steel float,polished, crimped.

Flooringasphaltlaid as sub-floors to receive other floor finishes.
Margins, skirtings,nosings,covedangles,etc.
EXCLUDED
Removesurfacelaitancefrom concrete.
(Worked finishes/Cutting to insituconcrete, E41).
Workingaroundpipes, conduits, etc.
(Holes/Chases/Covers/Supports for services, P31).
Masticasphaltpaving.
(Coatedmacadam/Asphalt roads/pavings, Q22).
REFERENCEDOCUMENTS
BSI documents referredto inthis Worksection are:
BS 410:
BS 747:
BS 1369:
1986: Testsieves+AMD8255.
1994: Roofmgfelts.
Steellathingforinternalplastering and externalrendering.

Part 1: 1987: Expandedmetal and ribbedlathing.
BS 5284:
1993: Methodsofsampling andtesting mastic asphaltused in buildingand civil

engineering.
BS 6925:
1988: Masticasphaltforbuilding and civil engineering (limestoneaggregate) +

AMD 7150.
BS 8204:
Screeds,basesand in situfloorings.
Part 5: 1994: Codeofpracticefor masticasphaltunderlaysand wearing
surfaces.
409
...nidance..Notes
GENERAL
This Worksection coversthe specification ofmasticasphaltfor flooringand also as awaterproof

substratemembranefor tankingupper suspended concretefloors topreventwater penetration
arisingfrom users eg ablution areas.
MO 10 &
M020
Masticasphaltis available in arange ofgradesas follows

GradeI for specialhardflooring
GradeII for light duty flooring
GradeIII for mediumindustrial flooring
GradeIV for industrial flooringwheretruckingandabrasionis anticipated
Appendix A ofBS 6925recommends grade andthicknesses ofasphalt flooringfor use in various
situations.
M020
M050&
M060
Colouredasphaltshouldnotbe specifiedwhereheavytrafficuse ofthe flooringis anticipated.

Alternativeclauses. An isolatingmembraneis necessary formasticasphaltcoatingsup to 20 mm
thick and:
a.
on timberdecksand suspended floors;
b.
on concrete with fme cracks, porousor open surfaces;
c.
on concrete whichhas received asurface treatment;
d.
when a polished surfaceis required;
e.
when movementofbase is anticipated;
f.
topreventblowingofhot mastic.
Use M050 formost situationsand alwayswhenthe floor fmishis acting as a damp proof
membraneon floors adjacentto the groundor is likelyto be subjected to water orwater vapour.
M100
Lathingis requiredfor reinforcing any vertical work (skirtings etc) over 300 mm high.
Includethis clausewhen sampling and testingis required. Such checking ensures that unsuitable
materialis notused. The BritishStandards for mastic asphalt contain requirements forhardness
tests to be carried out atthe time oflaying.
WO10
Whererequired, list specialistfirmsto lay asphaltflooring.
MO9O
W050 &
W060
Alternative clauses. Use W060wherean isolatingmembraneis specified.
W19O &
Alternative clauses. A polishedfmish is generallyspecifiedfor asphaltflooring.
W200
W22O
W270 &
W280
W380
Insertheight and profileeg 'square' or 'splayed' ofskirting.

Alternativeclauses. Use W280wherean isolatingmembraneis specified.
Sub-clause a. Insertheight required. Upstands/skirtings above300 mm are regardedas vertical
work and shouldbe applied in 3 coats, on top oflathing, to atotal thicknessofnot less than 20
mm.
Sub-clause d. Insertprofilerequiredeg 'square' or 'splayed'
410
COMMONARRANGEMENTSCOPE OF M20
Decorativeand/orprotectivecoatings ofgypsumplaster,lime plaster,cementmortarand other
similarmixes (includingglassfibrereinforcedmixes),appliedby throwing, projection,spray or
trowellingto newor existingwalls, ceilings andsoffits. Plasterboardandother rigid sheet
backingsare included.
INCLUDED
One, two and threecoat work
Waterproofrenderingnotrequiredto be executed by a specialistfirm
Dubbingout
Trowelled,floated, roughcast, scrapedand dry dashfinishes
Mouldedcornices, stringcourses,architraves, skirtings, cappings,etc
Plasterboardlath, baseboard, plankand expanded plastics thermalboardforplastering. Otherrigidsheets
and boards used as lathingforplaster
Newtonite lathing
Isolatedor small scalecomponents or precastplaster

Metalbeads, nosings, stops etc
Localmetalwork reinforcement
Joint reinforcement scrim
Bondingagents
EXCLUDED
Patchingexistingplaster,stucco orrendering.
(Alterations - spot items,C20)
Rakingoutjoints forkey to brickwork.
(Brick/Block walling,FlO)
Specialist waterproofrendering, J1O.
Plasterboarddiying lining,Kb.
Insulationwithrender finish,M21.
Sprayedmineralfibre coatings, M22
Metalmesh lathing/Anchored reinforcementfor plasteredcoatings, M30.
Fibrousplaster,M31.
Texturedcoatingsappliedby brush, rollerorliquid spray.
(Painting/Clearfinishing,M60)
Siliconewater-repellent treatment.
(Painting/Clearfinishing,M60)
Workingaroundpipes, conduits, etc.
(Holes/Chases/Covers/Supports forservices,P31)
Supports for plasterboard or other lathing.
(Varioussectionsbut usually Carpentry/Timber framing/Firstfixing,G20)
411
M20
PLASTI3REI), IENDEREDAND ROUGhCAST

COATINGS
Guidance Notes
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
BSI documents referredto in this Worksection are:
BS 12:
BS 146:
BS 890:
BS 1191:
1996: Portlandblastfurnace cement.
BS 1199 & BS
1200:
BS 1230:
BS 3416:
MO 10
M070&
M080
M100
412
1995: Buildinglimes.
Gypsumbuildingplasters.
Part 1: 1973: Excludingpremixedlightweight plasters.
Part 2: 1973: Premixedlightweight plasters.
1976: Building sands from naturalsources
5126.
+AMDs4510,1200, 4834 and
Gypsum plasterboard.
Part 1: 1985: Plasterboardexcluding materials submittedto secondary
operations.
1991: Bitumen-based coatings for coldapplication, suitable foruse in contact
with potablewater + AMID 7288.
BS 3837:
Expandedpolystyreneboards.
Part 1: 1986: Boardsmanufactured from expandablebeads.
BS 4721:
1981: Ready-mixed buildingmortars+ AMID4120 +AMD 5041.
BS 5262:
1991: Code ofpracticefor external renderings.
BS 6452:
Beadsfor internalplastering and dry lining.

Part 1: 1984: Galvanized steel beads.
BS 8000:
Workmanship onbuildingsites.
Part 10: 1995: Codeofpracticefor plastering and rendering.
Foruse on cementrenderundercoat.
The choicefrom the alternatives specified in these clauses can normallybe left to the Contractor.
Insert 'fmeshingle' or 'limestonechippings'or locallyobtainedmaterialby referenceto source.
M130&
Ml40
Insertthickness(es) requiredin M140. BS 1230providesfor squareandroundededges in both 9.5

and 12.5mm thick boards and inboth 400 and 900mmwidthsbut only the followingtypes of
baseboards, complying with BS 1230: Part 1, type6, are generallyavailable:
9.5 mm thick, 900mm wide with square edges(as M130).
12.5 mm thick, 400 mm wide with roundededges.
9.5 mm thick, 400mm wide with roundededges.
M150
Insert width,thicknessand edgeprofilerequired. See note aboveregardingBS 1230 types.
M160&
Insertinsulantthicknessand thermalresistance required.
M170
M200&
M210
M220
PVAemulsionbondingagentsmay be necessary for smoothdense concrete containingbrick,

graniteor limestoneaggregate, andfor somestructurallightweightconcrete. This type ofbonding
agentis also usefulas a sealer in controlling the suction ofbackgrounds or dry undercoats.
Alwaysappliedin accordancewith themanufacturer'sinstructions, they must be quite damp and
stickywhenthe plasteror render is applied, particularly wherePVAmaterialsare concerned.
Iftheplastermanufacturermakesno recommendation, orifa non-proprietary mixisbeing used,
ensurecompatibility with background and plasterbefore specifying.
Foruse on old existingbackgrounds.
M240 &
M250
Alternativeclauses. For use in conjunction with doorsetswithouttimber architraves.
M310
Crossreferto clause in Worksection Z22 for type ofsealantrequired.
M320
Plasterand renderfmishesmustbe scheduled eitheron the drawings or in the project

'specifications, usingthis clause. Itis sufficient to state the requiredfmish eg 'lightweightplaster'
or 'two coatexternalrender'. Where thefmishesare scheduled/shown ontheproject drawings
deletethe schedule inthis clause and crossrefer to the applicable drawing number(s).
M330
Scheduled fmishes are relatedto suitability ofbackgrounds. Add anyparticularbackgrounds to

theprojectwhich are not includedinthetable togetherwith therequiredplasterfmish.
Deleteinapplicable items fromthe tables. A 1:3 cementlsand rendermay be too strong for some
substrates and can pull the face offweak blocks andbricks. It can also be subjectto excessive
dryingshrinkageor surface crackingand shouldthereforebe specifiedwith care.
BS 8000: Part 10 specifies basic workmanship requirements. The remaining clauses inthis
Worksection are eitheralternatives, supplementary or additionalto BS 8000as stated in W020
and may be addedto whenever the individual requirements ofthe project demandit.
Normallyalternativeclauses butuse both whereboth types ofjunction treatmentare required.
M340 &
M350
WOlO
W070 &
W080
W120
W170
Ensureproject drawings showwhichjunctionsrequirewhichtreatment.

Beforeauthorisingmachineapplication checkwith plastermanufacturer whether background is
suitable,ensurethat the Contractoremploysexperienced operatives and that the correcttype of
plasteris used.
Use as alternativeto scrim reinforcement to preventuncontrolledcrackingatjunctions.
W230 &
W240
Alternativeclauses. Throwing-onis likelyto producethemore durable rendering,due to better
W260
Statetype or types offmishto the externalrenderrequired. Examples ofpossiblefmishes are:

roughcast, dry dash,plain, scrapedortexturedandproprietary-machine applied.
adhesion.
413
Proprietaryconstructions ofboardinsulation and protectiverenderingusuallyappliedto the
external face ofexistingsingleleafwalls in orderto upgradethermalperformanceand providea
new, durablefmish.
INCLUDED
Expandedplasticsboards,with adhesives ormechanicalfastenings.
Adhesiverenders, withglassfibre mat.
Metal lathing, withmechanical anchorfastenings.
Protective renderingcoatings.
Metal beads,nosings, stops etc.
Trowelled, roughcast,dry dash and other integral finishes.
EXCLUDED
Plastered/Rendered/Roughcast coatings, M20.
Adaptationofexisting.detailsat eaves, verges,downpipes, quoins,heads,jambs, sills, plinths,etc to

accommodate thethicknessoftheinsulation and rendering.
(Varioussections)
Holesfor pipesetc (Holes/Chases/Covers/Supports for services P31).
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
BSI documents referredto inthis section are:
BS 476:
Firetests on buildingmaterials and structures.

Part4: 1970: Non combustibility tests for materials +AMI) 2483 + AMD
4390.
Part 6: 1989: Method oftestfor fire propogation forproducts.
Part 7: 1987: Methodfor classification ofthe surface spread offlame. of
products+ AMD 6249+ AMD 73:+ AMD 7612.
BS 6399:
MO10
Loadingfor buildings.
Part2: 1995: Code ofpracticefor windloads.
Avoid ifpossiblethe specification ofsystems employing plastics foam insulationboards

manufactured with or containingCFCgases.
a. Insert thetype ofsubstratematerial to whichthesystemis tobe fixed eg 'facing

brickwork'etc.
Sub-clause
Sub-clause b. Computation in accordancewith the directional methodis specified since this is

likelyto result in themost economical solution. Ifthe simpler, more conservative 'standard
method' is thought adequate, substituteaccordingly.
Sub-clause c. Insert therequired 'U' valueforthe wholeofthe wall construction.
Sub-clause e. The fire propagationindex and surface spread offlameclassificationmetthe
Class requirements ofthe Building Regulations. Thesesystemscannotbe classified as 'noncombustible'as defmedby BS 476: Part4 and any casewherethere may be any doubtas to their
application shouldbe subjectto specialist advice.
Sub-clause h. Insertdetails ofsurface fmish,colouretc. Refer to manufacturer'sliterature for
relevantdetails. Most systemsoffer a varietyofsurface fmish.
M020
414
Includethis clausewhenthe systemis tobe appliedtomulti-storeybuildings. See BRE'Defect

Action Sheets Nos 131 and 132 for furtherdetails.
M060
The use ofintumescent fillers and sealants maybe necessaryto preventjointlinesbeing exploited
by a fire to theextentthat insulantscouldbe exposed to thefire.
WO10
All Agrmentcertificates for such systems specify that the licensedapplicatoror the manufacturer
should carry out a surveyofthis type,thoughthe detail termsmay vary. Ensurethat the
manufacturers quotedin clause MOlOoffer certificates whichsuitthis clause ormodifythe clause
accordingly.
415
FIBRE COATINGS
Gui
Fireprotective, insulative and condensation controlcoatingsofmineral fibresand inorganic
binders, sprayappliedto new or existingand other structuresand to generalwall and soffitareas.
INCLUDED
Coatingsto beams, columns, walls and soffits.
Stippled or flatpressedfinish.
Spray ortrowel appliedcemetitious finishingcoatings.
Plasterboardlath and other rigidsheetsorboardsused as lathing.
Metalbeads, nosings, stops,etc.
Localmetalmesh reinforcement.
Preparatorytreatments,bondingagents.
EXCLUDED
Plaster,gypsum,etc finishcoatingsotherthan those specifically for finishingofsprayedmineralfibre.
(Plastered,rendered, roughcastcoatings M20).
Plain orribbed metallathing.
(Metalmesh lathingM30).
Supportfor plasterboardorother lathing.
(Varioussectionsbut usually Carpentry/Timber framing/First fixingG20).
R]FERENCE DOCUMENT
BSIdocument referredto inthis Worksection is:

BS 8202:
Coatings for fire protection ofbuildingelements.

Part 1: 1995: Coatingsfor fire protection ofbuildingelements:Code of
Practice forthe selectionand installation ofsprayed mineralcoatings.
GENERAL
Sprayed mineralfibre coatings consistofabase material,binding agentand filler. The base
materialis usuallyeithermineralfibre, exfoliated vermiculite or expandedperlite. Typical
bindingagentsare Portland cement, high aluminacementorgypsumplaster,typicalfillers are
hydratedlime, limestone or other aggregate. Wherethe coating isto be fmishedwith a decorative
or protective fmish, it is essentialthat thefmish is compatible with thesprayedmineralcoating
and doesnot impairitsperformance.
Formal requirements regardingcompliance with CDMregulationsare contained in Preliminaries
SectionA21. Specifiers shouldnevertheless be awareofthe healthand safetyimplications ofthe
use ofsprayedcoatings with regardtothe CDMregulations.
MO 10
Somesubstrates may need an alkali/water resistantprimer/sealer. Seek coatingmanufacturer's

advice. Alwaysdeleteclause ifprimingis notrequired.
M020
Sub-clause a.
416
All sprayed coatingsused for structural fire protectionshouldbe non-combustible

whentested to BS476: Part 4. Where coatings are requiredfor other purposes,eg insulation only,
this classification can be modified. Seek specialistfire advice inthis event;
Sub-clause b. The thicknessofthe coatingforagiven degreeoffire protectionis dependantupon
thesize and shapeofthesection to be coatedand theconstituentmaterials ofthecoating.
Minimumthicknesses can only be defmedtherefore in terms ofthe fire resistance required.
Wherecoatingsare requiredfor other purposes, modifythe clauseto state the requiredthickness
inmillimetres;
Sub-clause c. Retention, ifrequiredmay be by keyingmesh,reinforcing mesh or discontinuous

fixings. Refer to the coatingmanufacturer forthe necessity and types ofretentionsystem
required.
M030
Use this clausewhenevercoatingsare specified for structuralfire protection.
WO10
The application ofsprayedcoatings is a specialist operation and shouldbeundertakenonly by

contractingfirmswho are approvedby the material manufacturer. Obtaina suitablelistof
approvedfirmsfrom the manufacturer quotedin clauseM020.e.
W030
Sub-clause a. Where coatingisto be appliedto other substrates, consult manufacturer and

includeappropriate non-standard clause.
W040
Delete clauseifprimeris not specified.
417
Exposednaturalstone aggregate boundwith synthetic resin, appliedas a finishto newor existing
walls and soffits, eitheras apremixedrenderingoras an adhesiverenderingonto whichthe dry
aggregate is sprayed.
INCLUDED
Brushedon bondingcoats.
Premixedaggregaterenderings.
Resinadhesiverendering withsprayedon aggregate.
Resinsealingcoats.
EXCLUDED
Specialwaterproofrendering, JlO.
Trowelledon resin floor coatings, incorporatingaggregate.
(Trowelledbitumen/resin/rubber-latex flooring,Ml2).
Externalcementrenderingwith thy dash finish.
(Plastered/Rendered/Roughcast coatings,M20).
Paintedon floor coatingswith broadcast non-slipaggregate.
(Painting/Clear finishing, M60).
GENERAL
Formalrequirements regardingcompliance with the CDMregulations are containedin the
Preliminaries Section A21. Specifiers shouldnevertheless be aware ofthe healthandsafety
implications ofthe use ofmaterials whichinvolve the presence oruse ofsolvents andresins.
MOlO
M020to
M040
Primersare generallyrequired for trowel-on and one coatspraycoating, appliedto previously

decorated, porous orfriablesurfaces.
There are anumber ofproprietary resin boundmineral coatings on themarket whichincorporate
fine mineralchippingsofgranite, quartz, flint and orglass and similarhard, durableaggregates
about 2 nmiin size.
Theseclauses are alternativescovering resin bound mineralcoatings appliedby the following
methods:
1.
2.
as premixed coatingscomposed ofaresin bound base with mineralclippings

incorporated, trowelledonto the substrate;
as premixed coatingscomposed ofaresin bound base with themineral
chippings incorporated and blown onto the surface to be treated and fmished off
with a glazingcoat;
as a separate resin boundbase coat onto whichthemineral chippings are blown.

In some situations aresin sealingcoat is appliedprior to themaintreatmentin orderto preparethe
3.
surface.
418
wO10
Insert therequired dimensions ofthe samplepanel.
W040
Usethis clausewhereprimingifrecommended by coating manufacturerprior to theapplication

ofthefmish. See GuidanceNote to MOb.
Usethis clausewhen stabilizing is recommendedby coatingmanufacturerprior to theapplication
ofthefmish. Stabilizing is generallynecessaryfor multi-coatsprayappliedfmishes.
As these types ofcoatings are mainlyproprietary, methodsofapplication may vary. Substitute
detailedapplication instructions wherethese have beenobtainedfrom the manufacturer.
W050
W060 &
W070
419
M30
1'41TALMESIILATHINGANDANCllOR1)
REIN1'ORCEMENTFORPLASTEREDCOATINGS
Guidance Nitcs
Expandedmetal and wire mesh fixed to framedor solid backgrounds as abase and key for
plaster,renderingand sprayed mineralfibre.
INCLUDED
Plain expanded metal lathing.
Ribbed expandedmetal lathing.
Steelwirenetting.
Weldedmesh lathing withintegratedpaper.
Welded meshreinforcementmechanically fixed to solidbackingsas a precaution againstfailureofadhesion.
Steelrod stirrups, spacerrodsand hangers.
Steelchannelframingforcolumnand beam casings, suspended ceilings,etc.
Screws, staples, clips, cloutnails, wireties, steel banding and otherfixings.
EXCLUDED
Anchored meshreinforcementinthe repairofconcrete.
(Repairing/Renovating concrete/brick/block/stone, C40)
Permanentribbed steel meshformworkto concrete.
(Formworkfor in-situ concrete, E20)
Timberframingand support.
(CarpentrylFimber framing/First fixing,G20)
Localreinforcement and scrim, corner beads,nosings, stops,etc.
(Plastered/Rendered/Roughcast coatings,M20or Sprayed mineralfibre coatings, M22)
Metal lathing as part ofan external boardinsulation and protectiverendering proprietaryconstruction.
(Insulationwithrenderedfinish,M2l)
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
BS 443:
1982: Testingzinc coatings on steel wire and forqualityrequirements+ AMID

6158.
BS
1202:
Nails.
Part 1: 1974: Steelnails+AMD 6740.
BS
1369:
Steellathingforinternalplastering and externalrendering.

Part 1: 1987: Expandedmetal andribbed lathing.
BS 1485:
BS 1521:
BS 8000:
420
1983: Zinc coatedhexagonal steel wire netting.

1972: Waterproofbuildingpapers +AMD 3519.
Workmanship on buildingsites
Part 10: 1995: Code ofpracticeforplasteringandrendering.
Guidance Notes
MOlOto
M040
METAL MESIItATtliNG AM1)ANCflOREI)

REINFORCEMENTFOR PLASTEREDCOATiNGS
BS 1369: Part 1 specifies steel type,designation, dimensions andtolerances for steel lathingfor
internalplastering and externalrendering.
The lathingis either galvanized or stainless steel and is designated as to type ie L for expanded
metal lath, CL for corrugated expandedmetal lath and RL forribbed lath; wherethe lath is
stainless steelthe designationletter is prefixedby S eg SL and SRL.
A referencenumberfollowsthe letter inthe designation whichidentifiestheweight ofthelath
required.
The following lath 'referencenumber' types are suggested as suitablefor each ofthe applications
coveredby the clausesie:
M020 M030 M040 MOlO
L3
SL1,SRL1,SRL2orRL6
L3, L4, L5, L6, CL3, CL4, CL5, RL3, RL4 or RL5
SRL2 orRL6
Insertthe requiredrefencenumber in the space provided.

WOlO
W050
BS8000:Part 10 specifies basic workmanship requirements. Theremainingclauses inthis

Worksection are eitheralternatives, supplementary oradditionalto BS 8000 as stated in W020,
andmay be added to wheneverthe individual requirements oftheproject demandit.
This is an effective methodfor the fire protection ofsteelwork.
421
Custom-made panels, units and featuresfor interioruse, gypsumplaster,whichmay include
polymer additives, reinforcedwith glassfibremat, rovingsor continuous filamentandincluding
any necessarysystemoffixing.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
BSI documentreferredto in this Worksection is:
BS 476:
Firetests on buildingmaterials and structures.

Part4: 1970: Non-combustibility testformaterials + AMDs 2483 and 4390.
Part 7: 1987: Methodofclassification ofthe surfacespreadofflameof
products+ AMD 6249+AMD 7030+ AMD 7612.
GENERAL
Clauses inthis Worksection havebeen draftedin performance terms onthe assumptionthat much
ofthedetail designwill be carriedoutby themanufacturer. Designerswould be well advisedto
seekthe adviceofmanufacturers at an earlystage inthe designprocess where such specialist
components are concerned.
MO10
Sub-clauses e, and g. Wheretensile strength, impactresistance or hardnessare not critical

performancefactors (eg whereunits are situated outofreachor wherethey are lightlyloaded)
these sub-clauses may be omitted. Whererequired, figures are availablefrom manufacturers.
Sub-clause j. ORG can be manufacturered with avariety ofsurface fmishes. Insertthe fmish
requiredor state 'plain, for decoration'ifappropriate.
Sub-clausek. Insertmanufacturers'names andproductreferencesordelete the sub-clause ifnot

required.
M030
M050
422
It is importantto obtain adequatedrawings and designinformation from manufacturers to

reconcile their detailswith those forthe project as awhole. Insertnumber ofweeksbeforethe
commencement ofwork on sitebywhichdesignandproductioninformation is requiredto be
available to thePM.
Insert thenumber ofdays requiredfor PM'sapproval ofdesignand production information.
Stone, caststone, clay and ceramictile or mosaiccoverings to new and existingfloors,walls and
soffits.
INCLUDED
Stone, quartzite, marble, conglomerate marble,slate,cast stone, granolithic, clay quarry,ceramicand glass
tiling and mosaicto:

Walls and columns
Beamsand soffits
Floors and landings
Treadsand risers
Channels
Skirtingsand kerbs
Soapdishes,toilet roll holders, etc built in aspart ofthe walltiling.
Cutting,roundedangles,etc.
Dividingstrips.
Movementjoint angles and strips.
Separating sheets.
Beddingmortarsand adhesives.
Grouting, cleaning, sealingand polishing.
Holes and openingsother than for engineering services.
EXCLUDED
Concreteand stone slab claddings.
(RelevantsectionH50-H52)
Terrazzo tiling.
(Terrazzo/Insitu terrazzo, M41)

Holesforpipes, conduits, etc.
(Holes/Chases/Covers/Supports forservices, P31)

Stoneand concreteslab paving.
(Slab/Brick/Block/SettlCobblepavings,Q25).
423
REFERENCEDOCUMENTS
BSIdocuments referredto inthis Worksection are:

BS 12:
1996: Portland cement.
BS 1014:
1975: Pigmentsfor Portlandcement and Portlandcementproducts.
Part 2: 1973: Metricunits.
BS 1199 &
1976: Buildingsands from natural sources + AMDs 4510,4834 and 5126
1200:
BS 1217:
1986: Cast stone.
BS 5385:
Wall and floortiling.

Part 1: 1995: Code ofpracticefor the design and installation ofinternal
ceramicand natural stonewalltiling and mosaicsin normalconditions.
Part2: 1991: Code ofpracticefor the design and installation ofexternal
ceramicwalltiling and mosaics(including terracotta and faiencetiles).
Part3: 1989: Code ofpracticefor the design and installation ofceramicfloor
tiles andmosaics+AMD 7059.
Part5: 1994: Code ofpracticeforthedesignand installation ofterrazzotile
and slab, naturalstone and composition block floorings.
BS 5980:
BS 6431:
1980: Adhesives foruse with ceramictiles andmosaics+AIvID 5861.
BS 8000:
Ceramicfloor andwall tiles.

Part 1: 1983: Classification and marking, includingdefmitions and
characteristics + AMD 7088.
Workmanship on buildingsites.
Part 11: Codeofpracticeforwall and floor tiling.

Section 11.1: 1989: Ceramic tiles,terrazzotiles and mosaics+ AM!) 8623.
Section 11.2: 1990: Naturalstonetiles.
424
MOlO
M020,
M030,
M070,
M080&
Ml10
If samples ofthetiles arerequiredthen use this clauseto listthem.

BS6431: Part 1 defmes all ceramictiles (whichincludesquarries)according totheirmethodof
manufactureand water absorptionproperties. It covers twelve classifications in three
manufacturingcategories asthe table belowshows ie. TypeA for extruded,B for dust-pressed and
C for cast tiles. Each categoryoftile has a groupreferencerelatedto theirwater absorptionand
thegreaterthewater absorption, thegreaterwill be its expansion in damp orwet conditions. Type
C casttiles, areoflimitedavailability.
Method of
Manufacture
WaterabsorptionE
Group 1 3%
or less
Groupha
3-6%
Group lib
Group 11
10% ormore
6- 10%
A-extruded
Al
Alla
Alib
Alli
B-dustpressed
Bi
Blia
Blib
Bill
C-cast
Cl
Clla
Cub
Ciii
GroupAl for example is an extrudedtile (quarry) ofthe highest qualitywith a water absorption
ofless than 3%.
Eachcategoryofextrudedanddust pressedtile has its properties specifiedin aseparatepart ofBS
6431 as follows:
Tile category
PartnumberofBS 6431
Al
Alla
AlIb
AIll
2
3
4
Bi
Bila
Blib
7
8
Bill
Group 11a tiles are considered adequatefor internalsituationswherethere is low risk ofwater
spillage orwheretiles willbewashedatnot more than weekly intervals. Group 1 tiles shouldbe
specifiedfor externalsituations or wherethere is risk ofexcessivewetting.
Addthe particularBS partreferenceforthe tile specifiedafterthe BSnumber.
Iftiles conforming
to Parts2 and 6 areselected, then addthewords 'andmanufactured by a BSI Kitemark Licensee'.

Sub-clause b. Insert group referencefrom table above.
Sub-clause f.
Ifpossiblestate alternative, acceptable manufacturers.
M040
Use this clauseto specify cove skirtings, stairtreads, cappings, channelsetc. Fittingsshouldbe
obtainedfrom the same manufacturer as the floor/wall tiles. Insert details offittingsrequired.
M080
It is not necessaryto specify a particularproprietary type ofwhite tileunless other tiles are being
specifiedandthey are allto be obtainedfrom the same source.
Usethis clauseto specify wall tile fittingseg: internal and external angles,bends,roundedtop and
M090
base tiles etc.
425
M100
Use this clauseforaccessories, notcoveredas fittingsin clauseM090, such as integralsoap

dishes,toilet roll holdersetc whichareto be obtainedfrom the same manufacturer as thewall
tiles.
Ml10
Wheretiles are for externaluse, themanufacturershouldbe consultedabouttheirfrostresistant

propertiesas such tiles requireahigh degreeoffrost resistance and thereforemust havealow
water absorptioncapacity.
GroupBi tiles are requiredto be frost resistantand as aguide the following table can be used to
relate the water absorptioncapacityoftiles to their frostresistance:
Water absorption
Frost resistance
3% orless
Frostproof
Probablyresistant
Unlikelyto beresistant
3 -4%
4% and over
M130to
Ml50
Alternativeclauses. BS5385:Part 3, Tables3 and4 and sub-section 24 give guidance,

recommendations and workmanship requirements for the variousbeddingmethodsie:
a.
cement: sand bondedto the base;
b.
cement: sand over a separatinglayer;
c.
cement: sand usinga semi-drymix;
d.
cementbased and other types ofadhesives.
Cement: sand mortarbeddingis still the traditionalmethodfor bedding floor tiles in heavily
trafficked areas.
Thick bed adhesives are suitablefor beddingfloor tiles in light or medium traffickedareas.
Checkwith the adhesive manufacturer on suitability whenselectingadhesive.
M140
BS 5980 classifies adhesive in 5 types depending on their chemicalcomposition and into 3 classes
dependingon their resistance to water eg: class AA andA arewater resistant.
Ml50
Crossrefer to the type ofadhesive requiredie Z20.M050 or Z20.M060.
M160&
Alternativeclauses. Cement: sandgrout is generallyused with cement:sandbedding.
M170
Grout containingsand shouldnotbeusedwith glazed or polishedtiles or slabsas it may abrade
thesurface.
M160
Sub-clause b. Forjoints less than 6 mm insert 'to BS 5385: Part3, Table 2';
Ml80 &
Forjoints of6mmand greater insert 'to BS 1199: Table 1, type B'.

BS 5385: Part 3, Subsections 19 and23 give guidance, recommendations andworkmanship
requirements for the size, location, materials to be used and construction ofmovementjoints
M200
(includingperimeterand intermediate joints).

Selectmovementjointmaterials required. Wherethe tiling andbedwillaccommodate :thin its
depth the movementjointfmish, details shouldbe includedhere. Wherethe system,specifiedat
M200 is tobe bedded belowthe surface ofthe floor screedspecifiedin Worksection Mb,the
details shouldbe includedin that Worksection.
M180
M190
426
Useback-upmaterial with sealantspecified at M190.

Crossreferto clause in Worksection Z22 for type ofsealantrequired.
M2lOto
M240
Alternativeclauses. BS 5385: Part I givesrecommendations and guidance on the various

beddingtechniquesand includesbeddingin:
a.
thinandthick bed cementbasedadhesives;
c.
thinandthick bed organicbased adhesives;

thinandthick bed other adhesives;
d.
cement: sand mortar.
b.
M220to
M240
Proprietaryadhesives are availablefor most typesofsituations and backgrounds andthereforethe

cement: sandbeddingmethodhas largelybeen superseded.
Two types ofadhesives are available:
Thinbed - 3 mm or less in thickness.
Thick bed - over 3 mmin thickness.
Thinbed adhesives requirean exceptionally smooth andlevel bedding surface.
Checkwith the adhesivemanufacturer as to the suitability ofthe selectedadhesive.
M220
See GuidanceNote to Ml40.
M240
Adhesives based on polyvinylacetate (PVAC) shouldbe used in internalapplications only, but

not in conditions ofpermanentexposure towater.
Adhesives based on naturalrubber emulsions are suitable for internaland externaluse on most
substrates and forboth thin andthickbed applications.
M270
Alternativeclauses. Use M270 for groutsto be used in 'wet areas' such as showerrooms and also
in areas where highlysterileand hygienicconditions are required.
M290
Crossrefer to clause in Worksection Z22 fortype ofsealantrequired.
M250to
BS 5385: Part 1 for internalceramicwalltiling recommends that movementjoints shouldextend

throughthetile and bed (adjacent structural movementjoints then alsothroughthe depth of
plaster/render) and be locatedas follows:
a.
over existingmovementjoints;
b.
wheretiling abutsother materials;
c.
atjunctionsbetweendifferentbackground materials;
in large tiled areas, at internalverticalcornersand 3 m to 4.5 m centres horizontally and
d.
vertically.
For externalwall tiling Part2 ofthe BSrecommends that movementjoints shouldextendthrough

thetile claddingandbed (where substantial movementis anticipated it shouldbe carriedthrough
to theface ofthestructural wall) and be locatedas follows:
a.
as a, b and c above;
b.
c.
WOlO
at storeyheightshorizontally and 3 m to 4.5 m apartvertically;

at external anglesverticallywithin 0.25 m to 1 m from theangle.
BS 8000, Section 11.1 specifies basic workmanship requirements for floor tiling andBS5385:
Part 3 is invokedin respectofthoseparticularaspects referredto. The remainingclauses in this
partoftheWorksection arealternative, supplementary or additionalto these standards as statedin
W020 and maybe addedto wheneverthe individual requirements ofthe project demandit.
427
W030
W040 to
W060
Usethis clauseifa sample area oftiles/slabs is required.

Theseclausesspecify the alternative methodsofbeddingfloor tiles. Deleteinapplicableclauses.
The followingis offered as guidance whenmakingthe selectionand is based on that contained in
BS 8000and BS5385which shouldbe referredto for furtherinformation ifrequired:
W040- separating layersare usedto isolatethe floor tiles andbeddingfrom the base, preventing
stressesin the base affectingthe floor finish. This method is not suitable for heavilytrafficked
areas or exteriorapplications. A separating layer shouldalwaysbe used whenthe base is mastic
asphalt.
W050- onlyusethismethodofbedding on completely matured baseswherethere is noriskof

furthershrinkage. This methodis suitable forheavilytraffickedareas and exteriorapplications.
W060- this methodofbeddingis not generallysuitablefor heavilytraffickedareas.
W080 &
W090
See GuidanceNote to M160 and M170.

These clauses apply mainlyto ceramictiles andmay notbe applicable to other types ie:cement:
lime: sand grout is normallyusedwith stonetiles orslabs. Amend or add clauses to suitparticular
projectrequirements forthese.
Wl00
BS 8000: Section 11.2 specifies basic workmanship requirements forstone floor tiling. Add any
furtherrequirements wheneverthe individual needsoftheproject demandit.
Usethis clauseifa samplearea ofstonefloor tiling isrequired.
Theseclauses specify the alternative methodsofbeddingstone floor tiling. Delete inapplicable
Wi10
W120 to
W140
clauses.
A separatinglayer shouldalwaysbe placed under a cement and mortarbedwhenthebase is

masticasphalt.
W150&
W160
Jointsbetweentiles are usuallythe part ofthe tilingmost vulnerableto rupture,wear and

contamination and as a generalrule for:
a.
extrudedtiles (eg quarries)shouldbe between6 mm and 10 mmwide;
b.
dust pressedtiles shouldbe at least3 mm wide.
Widejoints are often used for decorative effectand it is thereforevery importantthat the correct
grouting techniqueand type is used.
W170
W180
Usethis clauseto specify jointwidthsto tiles/slabs otherthan ceramictiles.

Sub-clauses b and c. Include eitherorboth these sub-clauses depending on thetype ofjoint
surfacetreatment(s) specifiedat Ml90 (withsub-clauseb) andM200 (with sub-clausec). If
movementjointtreatmentis specified in Worksection M10(Screeds),deletethe applicable subclause and associatedmaterial(s) clause in this Worksection. See also GuidanceNote tO Ml80,
M190 and M200.
W190
BS8000: Section 11.1 specifies basic workmanship requirements. The remainingclauses in this
Worksection are alternative, supplementary or additionalto BS 8000as stated in W200,and may
be addedto whenevertheindividual requirements ofthe project demandit.
W210
Use this clause ifa samplearea oftiling is required. This may be necessarywheredetailed
applications/patterns are requiredand it is importantthat a standard is set and workedto.
W230
Paint strippersmay leaveadepositwhichcan seriously interferewith adhesion. Emulsionpaint is

not suitableto receive tiling.
This methodis suitable fortiles with deepkey profilesand allowstiles to be fixed to relatively
unevenbackgrounds and is an alternativemethodto adhesives for fixingtiles in internalwet areas
W260
and externally.
428
GuidanceNotes
W270
W280
W290
W3 10
W320 &
W330
STONE,CLAYAND
This methodis suitablefor internaltilingbut shouldnotbe used whenwater may penetrate behind
thetiles intothe voidsie shower rooms andother wet areas.
This methodis suitablefor fixingtiles in internalwet areas and externally.
The use ofthis methodis limited to positionswhereit is difficultor impractical to apply adhesive
by means ofanotchedtrowel,eg on windowreveals.
Joint widthsvary (for wall tiles generallybetween2 mm - 10 mm) depending on the types oftiles
specifiedand aesthetic requirements. For externaltiles thejointwidth shouldbe ofan adequate
size for the releaseofwater vapourvia the groutedjoints.
Consultthe tile manufacturer forrecommendations and insert requirements, althoughgenerally
for internaldust pressedtilesjoints shouldbe at least 1.5 mm and for externaltiles, 6 mm wide.
See Guidance Note to M290.
429
11I4
TIt1RAZZO TILING ANDINS1TUTEI&4ZZO
GuidanceNotes
Marble chippingswith a cementbinder, laid as an insitu toppingto floors, or appliedas a dado or
wallfmish, and groundto a polished fmish. Terrazzo tiles to floors andwalls, pre-polishedor
polishedinsitu. Combinations ofterrazzotiling and insituterrazzo.
INCLUDED
Terrazzotiling, terrazzo units (BS 4357) and insituterrazzo to new or existing:
Floors and landings.
Treads and risers.
Dados,walls and columns.
Channels.
Skirtingsand kerbs.
Decorativemotifs.
Marginsand featurestrips.
Cuttings, roundedangles.
Eboniteormetal dividingstrips.
Movementjoints.
Sand-cement beddingfor tiles orbaselayerforinsitutoppings.
Preparation ofbase, including mechanical scabbling, cleaning, bondingagents.
Non-slipaggregate,eitherintegral or surfacebroadcast.
Non-sliptile inserts.
Grinding, groutingand polishing.
Curingand protecting.
Anti-static terrazzoflooring.
Holesand openingsotherthan forengineering service.
EXCLUDED
Terrazzoslab cladding.
(Cast stoneslab cladding, H52)
Concrete/terrazzo partitions, K33.

Resinboundterrazzo.
(Trowelledbitumen/resin/rubber latexflooring,Ml2)
Stone/concrete/quany/ceramic tiling/mosaic, M40.
(Holes/chases/covers/supports for services, P31).
430
REFERENCEDOCUMENTS

BS
12:
BS 146:
1996: Portland blast-furnace cement.
BS 882:
1992: Aggregates from natural sources for concrete.

1975: PigmentsforPortlandcementand Portlandcementproducts.
BS 1014:
BS 1369:
BS 1521:
BS 4131:
BS 4357:
BS 5385:
Part 1: 1987: Expandedmetal and ribbedlathing.

1972: Waterproofbuildingpapers +AMD 3519.
1973: Terrazzotiles.
1968: Precastterrazzounits.
Wall and floor tiling.

Part5: 1994: Code ofpracticefor thedesign andinstallationofterrazzotile
and slab, naturalstone and composition block floorings.
BS 8000:
Workmanshipon buildingsites.
Part 11: Code ofpracticefor wall and floor tiling.
Section 11.1: 1989: Ceramic tiles,terrazzotiles andmosaics+AMD 8623.
BS 8204
Screeds, bases and insitu floorings.

Part4: 1993: Code ofpracticefor terazzo wearingsurfaces.
GENERAL
Use ofinsitu terrazzohas declined and been largelyreplacedby precastterrazzotiles and units.
Clausesforinsitu terrazzohavebeen included, as this methodofapplication may still be required
andis oftenusedin conjunction with tiles atroom perimeters, margins,skirtings, kerbsetc.
When both tiles and insitu terrazzoareto be used in conjunction, then clausesregarding
preparationofbed, thicknessofscreed, laying,movementjoints etc shouldbe amendedto suit.
Consultterrazzosupplier/manufacturer for detailedguidance.
MO10
Ifsamples oftheprecasttiles/units arerequired, use this clauseto listrequirements.
M020
Althoughcompliancewith BS 4131 is required, it is still almostinvariablynecessaryto specify a

particularmanufacturerofthe tiles to ensure that project requirements regardingcolour,
matching, mixes, size ofmarble aggregate etc are met.
M030 &
BS4357 specifies requirements forprecastunits with terrazzofacing other than tiles coveredby
BS4131, and includes floor slabs, pavings,staircase treads and risers.
Use this clause to describedetails ofany samples ofinsituterrazzorequired. Ifpossible state type
and mixparticulars. Clause Wi 30 providesfor sampleareas ofinsitu terrazzo.
Aggregate size andthicknessofterrazzotoppingare relatedas follows:
a.
for 15 mm topping maximum aggregate size is 10 mm;
b.
for 20 mm toppingmaximumaggregate size is 15 mm.
Reinforcementisrequired for beddingscreedover 40 mm thickwhen laid on a separatinglayer.
MO4O
MO5O
M060
M190
431
M200to
M220
BS5385: Part 5, Sub-section 3.8, gives extensive adviceon movementjoints and their location.
The Standarddraws a distinction betweenstructural movementjoints, flexiblejoints and

contraction joints and the specifieris advisedto referto it beforecompletingthese clauses.
Forinsitu terrazzotopping,joints inthestructuralfloor shouldbe carriedthroughthetoppingand
bedding.
Ensureproject drawings showpositionanddetailsofalljoints.

Selectjointmaterialrequired, that is, anapplied sealantorformedproprietary system.
M200
Useback-up material with sealantspecifiedatM210.
M210
Cross referto clausein Worksection Z22 for type ofsealantrequired.
M230
Dividingstripsare generally available in brass, aluminium alloyand plastics in standardthickness

of3 mm and 6mm. Thesestripsarefixedinto beddingscreedto form panels in insitutoppings
andwhere insitu terrazzoabutsterrazzotiles.
M240
Use this clause to listand detail any anti-slip accessories including non-slipinserts,non-slip tiles
etc.
WO10
Use this clausewhere tiling is tobe laid by a specialist flooringcontractor. List suitably
experienced terrazzofloor tilers or seek recommendations from tiling manufacturer.
W020
BS8000: Section 11.1 specifies basic workmanship requirements for terrazzotiling. The
remaining clausesin this Worksection are alternative, supplementary or additionaltoBS 8000as
stated in W030andmay be addedto whenever the individual requirements ofthe project demand
it.
W040
Use this clauseifa samplearea oftiling is required, inserting the size ofpanelinthe space
provided.
W050
W060
W070
W080
Wherethebase is subjectto stress,vibrationand other structural movementand whereforminga

key for a bondwould be difficultsuch as to precastconcrete units, existingconcrete or,screeded
floors, thetiles and beddingshouldbe isolatedby meansofa separatinglayer. A separatinglayer
should alwaysbe used undercementand sandmortar whenthebase is masticasphalt.
Use this methodofbeddingwherethere is no risk offurthershrinkage ormovement. This
methodis suitablefor heavilytraffickedareas.
Insertjointwidth required. 2 mm is the maximum recommendedwidthwhen neatcement
groutingis used.
See GuidanceNote to M200to M220.
Sub-clauses b and c. Include eitherorboth these sub-clauses dependingon the type ofjoint
surface treatment(s) specifiedatM210 (with sub-clause b) and M220 (withsub-clausec).
Wl10
Use this clausewhereflooringis to be laid by a specialist contractor.
W130
Use this clauseifa sample areaoftopping is required, inserting the size ofpanel in the space
provided.
W210, W220,
W280 &
Selectmethodofapplyingscreedbed and corresponding base preparationclause.

Bondingthe screedbed is the preferredmethodfor insitu terrazzotoppingon insitu concrete
floors,but forbases subjectto shrinkage, vibrationand movementsand whereprovision for akey
is difficult, see GuidanceNoteto W050regardingtheuse ofan unbondedbed on aseparating
layer.
432
W300
Thickness ofinsitu terrazzoforflooringwill dependon situationand aggregate(seeGuidance

Note to M060). Minimumthicknessis normally15 mm (using 10 mm maximumaggregate).
Insert requirements in sub-claused.
W3 10
Use this clausewhenan insitu marginaground tiled areas is required. Insertmargin widthor use
secondoptionifprojectdrawings show details.
See Guidance Notes to M200 to M220.
W340
Sub-clauses a and b. Include eitheror both these sub-clauses depending on thetype ofjoint
surface treatment(s)specifiedat M210(with sub-clausea) and M220 (withsub-clauseb).
Ifinsitu terrazzois onlybeing used formarginsetc adjacentto tiled areasthendeletethis clause.

W360
Workmanshiprequirements formovementjoints will be specifiedatW080.

Grindingis not essential but is beneficial in good qualitywork as itremovesanyslight
projections,improvesappearance and assistsin the everyday maintenance ofthe floor.
Ifterrazzo is polishedto a 'finegrit'fmish it shouldhavea similarslip resistance to othersmooth,
hard coverings. Insert fmishrequiredeg 'fmegrit', 'eggshell' or 'polished'.
433
Woodand composition block flooring, parquetand similarwood basedthin tile, andblock floor
coveringsall fixedwith adhesive.
INCLUDED
Woodblockflooring.
Compositionblockflooring.
Parquetflooring.
Proprietaiythin tile, striporblock woodfloor coverings.
Beddingin adhesive.
Dividingstrips.
Movementjointanglesand strips.
Sanding, sealingand polishing.
Coverfilletstoboundaries.
Cutting holes and openingsother than for engineering services.
EXCLUDED
Sub floors to parquetand thin tile or stripfloors.
(Relevantsection,eg K! 1)
Timberboardflooring/sheathing/linings/cladding, K20.
Timbernarrowstripflooring/linings, K21.
Holesfor pipes, conduits, etc.
(Holes/Chases/Covers/Supports P31).
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
BS 1187:
1959: Woodblocks for floors +AMD 21.
BS 8201:
1987: Code ofpracticefor flooring oftimber,timberproductsandwood based

panelproducts.
GENERAL
BS8201: Code ofPracticefor flooringoftimber, timberproductsandwood based panel

products,givesrecommendations formaterials used and methods oflaying varioustypes of
MO 10
M020
flooringofwood and wood productsincluding: block,mosaic, overlayandparquet.Tables 1 to

11 oftheBS show types ofhardwoodssuitable forvariousflooringapplications.
Section 1 ofthe BS givesrecommendations for provisionto accommodate movement. For
blocks,mosaicandparquetused in most circumstances, an unfilledexpansiongap ofbetween 10
mm and 12 mm aroundtheperimeterofthe floor will suffice (ofien maskedbythe skirting
thereforeconcealedand kept clear ofdebris). Blockslaid in 'brick'patternwillexpandonly
acrossthe widthofthe floor,thereforeprovision formovementneed only be madeatthe edges
parallelto the lie ofthe brick 'courses'.
Use this clauseifsamples ofthe specifiedflooringarerequired.
BS 1187specifies requirements for interlocking tonguedand grooved blocksforlaying on level

concrete or other rigidbases. Sizesofblocks coveredin theBS are: 150mm to 380 mm (230
mmto 300 nun being the most commonlyavailable) long, with a minimumwidthof90 mm and a
minimumthicknessof2l mm. The appendixto be BS recommends types ofhardwoodssuitable
for variousapplications.
Ifa proprietary type is not required, delete sub-clause e.

434
M050
M060
M070 &
M080
This clause is intendedfor the specification ofproprietary flooringblockssuch asthose

manufactured by GranwoodFlooringLtd.
Use for treatmentofjunction with adjacentfloor fmishes. See generalnote refening to the
necessity ofprovidingan expansion gap for wood block andparquetflooring.
Type ofadhesive,sealer and/orpolishwill dependon the type offlooringbeing laid.
Whereproprietaryflooringis specified, consult manufacturer and use these clauses to detail their
recommendations.
Refer to BS 8201: Section 3 for recommendations regardingsurfacefmishingofhardwood

blocks.
W020
Proprietarycomposition flooringcanbe laid in cement: sandmortar or thin bed adhesive

depending on base. Consultmanufacturerforrecommendations. Standardclauses are included
for beddinginmortar.
Usethis clauseparticularlyin conjunction with M050where it isrequiredthattheflooringis laid
by a specialistflooringcontractor. List suitably experienced flooring contractors.
Use this clausewheretimberflooringis specified.
W030
Use this clause ifa samplearea ofthe flooring isrequired.
M090
WO10
W120
In Appendix A, ofBS8201 amethodofaccuratelydetermining therelativehumidityofthebase

concreteor screedis given. Paragraph 6.4.6ofthe British Standardrequires arelativehumidity
of75% to be achievedbeforeany moisture sensitive flooring canbe laid. For50 mm screedthe
time that shouldbe allowedfor this figureto be achievedis given as I dayper millimeter,
followedby an increasingtime foreach millimeter abovethis thickness. A 50 mmthick screed
laid on amembranewould thereforebe sufficiently dry intwo months, concrete 150 mm thick
could require as much as a yearto dry ifonly one faceis exposed. This time period forexcess
water inthe base (aboveanymembrane)to evaporate shouldbe taken into accountatthe planning
stage.
W170
Refer to GuidanceNote M090.
Wi80
This clause couldbe deleted wherethe manufacturer'srecommendations for laying oftimber

flooringare adequately coveredby BS8201 (clause W020).
435
Flexible and semi-flexible tile and sheet coverings to new or existingfloors, walls,stairs and
soffits;carpettiles; tufted and similarcarpets securedwith adhesives.
INCLUDED
Unbacked,foam backedand anti-static rubbersheetsand tiles.
Unbacked,backedand anti-static PVC sheetsand tiles.
Thermoplastic and semi-flexible PVCtiles.
Cork and prefinishedcorktiles and cork carpet.
Hessianand felt backedlinoleum sheetsand tiles.
Carpettiles ofall types.
Tufted and needlepunch carpetsecuredwithadhesives.
Coveringsstuckor laid looseto:
Treadsand risers.
Kerbsand skirtings.
Walls and columns.
Beamsand soffits.
Weldedjoints.
Dividingstrips.
Coverstrips and filletsat boundaries.
Stairnosingsand stairtrims.
Thinply orother sheetsfixed to existingtimberflooring toprovidea level substrate for flexible
sheeting/tiling whererequiredto be laidby the floor finishcontractor.
Paperfelt, fibreboard, corkcarpet, feltbackedcorkand similar underlays.
Sealing and polishing.
Holes and openingsother than for engineering services.
EXCLUDED
Thin ply or other sheetsfixedto existingtimberflooringto providealevel substratewhere not required to
be laid bythe floor finishcontractor.
(Rigid sheetflooring/sheathing/lining/casings, K! 1).
Edge fixed carpeting, M51.
(Holes/chases/covers/supports for services,P31).
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
BS 1711:
1975: Solidrubberflooring.
BS 2050:
1978: Electricalresistance ofconducting and anti-static productsmadefrom

flexiblepolymericmaterial + AMD 4280+ AMD 4499.
UnbackedflexiblePVC flooring.
Part 1: 1973: Homogeneous flooring.
BS 3261:
436
BS 5085:
Backedflexible PVC flooring.

Part 1: 1974: Needle-loomfelt backedflooring.
Part 2: 1976: CellularPVC backing.
BS 5325:
1996: Codeofpracticeforthe installation oftextile floor coverings.
BS 6826:
1987: Linoleum and cork carpetsheet and tiles.
BS 7131:
Performance rating oftextile floor coverings.

Part 1: 1989: Textilefloor coverings with yarn pile + AMD 7202.
BS 8203:
1987: Code ofpracticeforthe installation ofsheet and tile flooring.
GENERAL
Aesthetic considerations meanthat specifiers will wishto specify floor coverings by manufacturer
and reference. Althoughit may seem unecessaryto requirecompliance with a relevantBritish
Standard, especiallywhenmost manufacturers now claim afarbetterperfonnancethanthat
requiredby the BS, the Standards have beenincludedinthis specification to provide abasic
standardofcomparison whenContractors offer alternativeproductsto those specified.
Formalrequirements regardingcompliance with the CDMregulations are containedin
Preliminaries SectionA21. Specifiers shouldnevertheless be awareofthehealth and safety
implications ofthe use ofadhesives whichinvolve the presence oruse ofsolvents andresins.
MO10
List the materials forwhich samples arerequired.
M020
BS6826 classifies linoleumcomposition basedflooringsintothree types:

Type A: a linoleumwith a wovenbackingofnatural or syntheticfibres;
Type B: a linoleumwith anon-wovenfibrebacking;
Type C: cork carpet: a linoleumcomposition containingan increased quantity ofgranulatedcork
so improving thethermalinsulation properties.
Sub-clausea. Insertrequiredtype from aboveand statewhether 'tiles' or 'sheet'.
Sub-clauseb. TypesA and B are available in2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.2 mm and 4.5 mm thicknesses.
Type C is available in 3.2 mm,4.5 mm and6.0 mm thicknesses.
Sub-clause c. Insertcolourreferenceaccording to manufacturer'sinformation.
Note that tiles manufactured tothis standard are available only in 300 mmsquare size.
M030
Flooringtothis standard is a homogeneous composition. Type A is specifiedowing to its harder

wearingproperties. Type B is suitedto domestic applications andmay be substituted if
appropriate.Insert 'sheet'or 'tiles' after classification letter.
Sub-clause a. Insertthickness from the following range: 1.5 mm,2.0 mm, 2.5 mm or 3.0 mm;
Sub-clauseb. Insertmanufacturer'scolourreference.
M040&
M050
Sub-clausec. Standardsquare tile sizes are 225 mm, 250 mmor 300 mm, thoughnon-standard
sizes canbeobtainedby arrangementwith mostmanufacturers. Deletethis sub-clause ifsheet
flooringis required.
Alternativeclauses. BS5085:Part 1 specifies PVC sheet with aneedle-loomfelt backing,
whereas Part2 covers sheetwith a cellular PVCbacking. Deletewhicheverclauseis notrequired
and insert colourandmanufacturer details.
437
M060
After the BS reference, insert 'sheet'or 'tiles' as required.

Sub-clausea. Inserttype ie 'plain' or 'studded'.
Sub-clauseb. Statecolourrequiredreferringtomanufacturer'sdata.
Sub-clausec. Statethe thickness required. The following thicknesses are listedin BS 1711: 3.0
mm, 4.0 nun,5.0 mm or 6.0 mm.
Sub-clause d. Statethetile dimensions requiredor deletethe sub-clause ifsheet flooringis
specified. BS 1711 givesstandardtile sizes of225 mm,250 mm and 300 mm square. Check
with manufacturerfor availability.
M070
Sub-clausea. Brieflydescribe the material, eg 'fibrebonded carpet' or 'low loop carpettiles' etc.
Sub-clause b. BS 7131:Part 1 givesfourclasses based on an overallperformancerating derived
from a seriesoftests relatingto pile mass, density and appearance retention. Theseclasses, which
align with the gradescoveredbythe BritishCarpetGrading Scheme, are familiarto those
operatingin the carpetindustry. Thetable belowshows the classes, their levels ofuse and gives
an indication oftheir application in adomesticsituation:
Class
Overall
Performance
LevelofUse
Domestic
Domestic
NonDomestic
Application
(Contract)
4
85
70
55
Heavy
---
Heavy
General
Living room,
hail orlanding
General
Moderate
Diningroom or
Moderate
---
study
35
Bedroom;
Sub-clause d. Delete this sub-clauseifsheet coveringis specified.

M080
Sub-clause a. Brieflydescribethematerialeg: 'solid rubbersheet' etc.

Sub-clause b. BS 2050 gives guidance on resistance figures as follows:
Forhospital(operating theatre)floors:
max=2 x 106 ohms
min=7.5x i ohms.
Forindustrialpurposes:
max=l08ohms
min=5x 10 ohms.
Forexplosivehandlingareas:
max =5 x
i ohms.
Whereprotection is requiredforelectronic datahandlingequipment, the equipment

manufacturers shouldbe approachedfor guidance.
Complete or deleteremaining sub-clauses as appropriate.
M090
438
For the surfacingofexistingconcrete or screeded floors. For floors inhealth and catering
accommodation, insert 'protein free type' after the clause heading.
ndane Notes
M100
R1JBBJjR PLAS
For fixing to existingtimberfloors to providea smooth, stable surface. Itwillusuallybe

hardboard or plywood, fixed by the generalcontractor and so shouldbe specifiedinWorksection
Ku.
Ml 10
Seethe generalnote on safetyat thebeginningofthese GuidanceNotes. Selecta suitable

adhesive from those specifiedin Worksection Z20 and complete this clause accordingly. Check
with flooringmanufacturers for the suitability ofadhesives forthe particularsituationinwhich
theyare tobe applied.
M120
Forjunctionsbetweendifferenttypes or patternsofflooringparticularlyat door thresholds.

Use this clauseifa samplearea ofthefloor coveringis required, inserting the dimensions ofthe
requiredarea inthe space provided.
Badlydamagedsurfaces may needtoberemovedcompletely and replaced.
W030
Wl00
W130
This clause applies to all flexiblefloor coverings, whichshouldnotbe conditioned and laid in
temperaturesless than those specified. It ensures that coverings, particularlyPVC and linoleum,
are the same temperatureas the ambientroomtemperaturein whichthey areto be laid. This
conditioning processmakesthe materialeasierto work and avoids risk ofsurface condensationor
excessive movement.
W170to
W210
Alternative clauses. Delete thosewhichareinapplicable. Anyunusual requirements should be added

in non-standard clauses.
W230
This will be unavoidableonly wheretheroom is nottruly rectangular.
W290
Positions offeaturestrips shouldbe shown on drawings.
W3 10
Selectwidthto suitthicknessofdoor. Otherforms ofthresholdtreatmentshouldbe describedin

additionalclauses or preferablyshown on drawings.
W320
The use ofadhesive as well as fixingscrews reduces clatterwhennosing iswalkedon.
439
Broadloomand seamed carpets mechanically edge fixedwithout adhesive to newor existing
floors,walls and stairs.
INCLUDED
Layingseamed and broadloomcarpetsto:
Treadsand risers.
Wallsand columns.
Rods,grippersand edgings.
Stairnosings.
Tapes,coverstrips and thresholdstrips.
Seamingand binding.
Mothproofing.
Dry paperfelt, resilientunderlaysoffelt, rubberor similar.

Holesand openings,other thanforengineering services, underlays.
EXCLUDED
Carpettiles; tufted and similarcarpetssecured with adhesives.
(Rubber/Plastics/Cork/Lino/Carpet tiling/Sheeting, M50).
(Holes/Chases/Covers/Supports and chasesfor services, P31).
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
BS 3655:
BS 5325:
BS 5808:
BS 7131:
1981: Recommendations for informative labelling oftextile floor coverings.

1983: Codeofpracticeforthe installation oftextile floor coverings.
1991: Underlaysfor textile floor coverings.
Performance rating fortextile floor coverings.
Part 1: 1989: Textile floor coverings with yam pile +AIvil)7202.
GENERAL
Aestheticconsiderations makeit probable that specifiers will wishto specifycarpets by
manufacturerandreference. Althoughitmay seem unecessarythereforetorequire compliance
with the relevantBritishStandard, particularlywhenmanufacturers may claim abetter
performancefor their productthanthat requiredbythe BS, the standards havebeen invokedin
this Specification to providea basic standardofcomparison whenContractorsoffer alternative
productsto those specified.
MOlO
Sub-clause a. See GuidanceNote to clauseM50.M070.

Sub-clause c. Obtainroll width from manufacturer. Note that the tolerance
according to BS 3655could provecriticalon stairways or in corridorsetc.
440
of 1.25%allowable
M020
The following types ofunderlay are listedin BS 5808:

felt
cellular (rubberofpolymeric foam)
rubbercrumb
composite (composedofboth fibrous andpolymericmaterial).
Underlaysare gradedin BS5808 inthe following ways:

LDIU Lightdomestic use. Not suitable forstairs.
GD/U GeneralDomestic use.
L/U
Luxuryuse, domestic contract, wherehigh energyabsorptionis
desirable.
GC/U
HC/U
M030
M040&
GeneralContractuse, suitable fornormal footandwheel traffic.

HeavyContractuse, suitable for heavy foot andwheel trafficand
castorchairs.
Topreventtheadhesionoffoam-backed carpetto sub strates.

Forthepreparationofexistingfloor substrates. Ensurethat therelevantclauses ofKi1 are
M050
includedwhen specifying underlayment to existingtimberfloors.
M040
See GuidanceNote to M50.M090.
M060
M070
Carpetgripperis manufactured in timberand aluminium with the optionsoffixingwith nails(for

timberfloors), hardened steel pins (for concrete and screeded floors)orwith adhesive.
Mechanicalfixingsare supplied bythe manufacturer.
Forjunctionswith differenttypes offloor fmishand atthresholdsetc.
WOlO
Deletethis clause iftheprovisionmadein clauseW210 is adequate.
W020
Insertthe area ofcontrolsample required.

thelocationofthesampleroom.
WI00 to
Alternative clauses. Referto thecarpetmanufacturer forthe recommendedmethodofseaminghis

productanddelete thoseclauses not required.
W130
W140
W160
W170
Ifthis is to be a complete room, substitutedetails of
Particularrequirements aboutthe positionand directionofseamsshouldbe indicated on the

submitted drawings. It is advisable to avoid seamson trafficroutesbut ifthis is notpossible,they
shouldrun parallelto the route.
The shadeofthe carpetwill appeardifferentfrom length to length iflaid with thepile lying in
differentdirections.
Ideallythe numberandpositionsoffixturesshouldbe shown on drawings suppliedto the
contractor.
Wl90
The use ofadhesiveas well as fixingscrewsreduces clatterwhenthe nosing is walkedon.
441
M152
DECOTPAPERSANDFABRICS
GuidanceNotes
Preparingsurfaces and applying decorative papers,fabrics,liningand backingpapersofallkinds
to new and existingwalls and ceilings.
INCLUDED
Preparingsurfaces, new and existing, ofall kinds,including stripping,fungicidal treatment, and sizing.
Hangingor applying:
Lining papers.
Paperfacedaluminium foil linings.
Expandedpolystyrenelinings.
Decorativewall papers,anaglyptas, etc.
Hessianfabrics.
Linen,cotton,wool, silk, glassfibreand syntheticfibrefabrics.
Paperbacked grasses.
Paperbacked cork.
Paperbacked PVC (vinylpapers).
Fabric backedPVC.
Expandedpolystyrenelinings.
Bordersand decorative motifs.
EXCLUDED
Applyingprimersto plasterboard dry linings,new concrete, limebasedplasters, etc.
(To facilitatestrippingand/or alkaliattack).
(Painting/Clear finishing,M60).
Curtains, loosewall hangingsand fabrics.
(Generalbuildingfixture/furnishings/equipment, N10).
REFERENCEDOCUMENTS

BS 1248:
Wall coveringsin roll form.
Part 2: 1990: Finishedwall coverings +AMD 8008.
BS 3046:
1981: Adhesives forhangingflexiblewalicoverings.
BS 8000:
Part 12: 1989: Codeofpracticefordecorative walicoverings and paintings.
BSEN 259:
1992: Heavyduty wall coverings in rollfonn.
BSEN 266:
1992: Textilewall coverings.
442
GENERAL
Metallic wallpapers shouldnot be usedwhereverthere is a dangerofcontact with electrical
equipmentand currentcarryingcables.
MO 10
Ifsamplesofanumberofwall coveringsare required, usethis clause to listthem.
M040to
See Guidance Note to M150in respectof schedule references.
M060
M070&
M080
MlO0
Ml50
Water-soluble adhesives to BS 3046 areusuallysuitable formost traditionalpapers. Specify

fungicidal adhesives for vinyl facedpapers. For more unusualmaterials,consultmanufacturers
for their recommendations.
Fungicides canbetoxic and thereforeshouldbe specified and used with care especially when
usedin areas wherechildren may be present.
Adhesivesfor impervious materials usuallyalreadycontaina fungicide to preventmouldgrowth.
Preliminaries SectionA2l. Specifiers shouldnevertheless be awareofthe healthand safety
implications ofthe use ofadhesives containingpesticides.
Use the schedule,ifrequired, wherea numberofwall coverings used invarious locations areto
be specified.
Deleteifnot requiredand substitutedetails ofrequirements forreferencesto schedule in clauses
M040to M060.
WOlO
BS8000: Part 12 specifies basic workmanship requirements. The remaining clauses in this
Worksection are eitheralternatives, supplementary or additionalto BS 8000as stated in W020
and may be addedto whereverthe individual requirements ofthe project demandit.
443
COMMONA1RANGEMENT SCOPE OF M60

Preparingsurfaces and decorative/protective painting ofnew and existingwalls, floors,ceilings,
doors,windows, fixtures, fittings, features, services andother surfaces;sealing staining,
varnishingand polishing.
INCLUDED
Preparingsurfaces, new and existing, ofall kindsforpainting, varnishing, sealing,stainingand polishing.
Remedialpaintingofexistingsteelwork.
Flamecleaningand blastcleaning.
On site applicationby brush, spray orroller of:
Emulsion paints.
Oil paints.
Alkydpaints.
Polyurethane, epoxy resin,polymeror otherplasticsbasedpaints.
Micaceous iron oxidepaints.
Cementpaints.
Resinouscoatings, includingbroadcast non-slipfinished.
Texturedpaints,texturedcompounds.
Imitationstonepaints.
Multi-coloured paints.
Fleckand spatterfinishpaints.
Special purposecoatings such asheat resisting, anti-graffiti, anti-climb, flameretardant,
intumescent, insecticidal, fungicidal, luminous, roadmarking, etc.
Cellulose.
Boiled linseedoil.
Sealers.
Wood preservatives.
Stains.
Varnishesand lacquers.
Limewashes.
Siliconewaterrepellents.
Waxpolishing.
Frenchpolishing.
Gildingand gold leafwork.
Maintenance cleaningofgutters,cornices, etc.
EXCLUDED
Offsiteprimingorpainting.
(Relevantsectionforthe itemto whichthefinishis applied)
Surfacehardeners for concrete.
(Workedfinishes/cuttingto in situ concrete, E4l and sand-cementlconcrete, screeds/flooring, Ml()
Protective paintingofnew structural steel framing, bothoffsite and onsite, carriedoutby or undersubcontracttothe structuralsteelworkcontractor.
(Structural steel framing, GlO)
Offsite (only)protectivepaintingofisolatedstructural metalmembers.
(Structural metalmembers, G12)
Offsite application oftimberpreservatives and fire retardants.
(Relevantsection, egG20, H2I, L1O,L20, etc)
Bituminouscoatings dpcs and tanking.
(Liquidappliedtanking/dampproofmembranes, J30)
Sealers and polishesto certainspecialistfloor and wall finishes.
(Varioussections:Kl3, K21,M12, M42, M50 etc)
Brush, sprayand roller appliedpriming, bondingand finishing coatsto trowelled resin flooring.
(Trowelledbitumen/resin/rubber-latex flooring,M12)
Paint signs.
(Signs/notices, Nl5)
444
GuidanceNotes
PAINTINGAND CL1A
REFERENCEDOCUMENTS
BS 245:
BS 476:
1976: Mineralsolvents (white spirit and relatedhydrocarbon solvents) for

paints and other purposes.
Fire tests onbuildingmaterials andstructures.
Part 7: 1987: Classification ofsurface spreadofflame ofproducts+ AM])
6249+ AMD 7030+AM!) 7612.
BS 1336:
BS 1710:
BS 2451:
BS 2523:
BS 3761:
BS 4310:
1971: Knotting.
1984: Identification ofpipelines and services + AMD 6012.
1963: Specification for chilled iron shot and grit.
1966: Lead-basedprimingpaints+ PD 6074+ AMD 3941.
1995: Solvent-based paintremover.
1968: Specification forpermissable limitoflead in low-leadpaints and similar
materials +AMD 1448.
BS 4652:
1995: Metalliczinc-richprimingpaint (organic media).
BS 4756:
1971: Specification for ready mixed almninium primingpaintsforwoodwork.
BS 4800:
BS 5082:
BS 5358:
BS 5493:
1989: Paint coloursfor buildingpurposes.
BS 6044:
BS 6150:
BS 6900:
BS 6949:
1993: Waterborneprimingpaints for woodwork.

1986: Solventborneprimingpaint for woodwork.
1977: Protective coatingofiron and steel structures againstcorrosion + AMD
4443.
1987: Pavementmarkingpaints+ AMD 5719+AMID 8787.
1991: Code ofpracticefor painting ofbuildings.
1987: Raw,refmedand boiled linseed oils forpaints and varnishes.
1991: Bitumen-based coatingsfor cold application, excluding use in contact
with potablewater.
BS 6952:
Exteriorwood coatingsystems.
Part 1: 1988: Guide to classification and selection.
BS 7079:
BS 7664:
BS 7719:
BS 8000:
Preparationofsteel substrates beforeapplication ofpaints andrelatedproducts.

1993: Undercoatand fmishingpaints+AMID 8777.
1994: Water-borneemulsionpaints for interioruse.
Part 12: 1989: Codeofpracticefor decorative wall-coverings andpainting.
Other documents referredto in this Worksection are:

ControlofLead at WorkRegulations 1980.
TRADApublication'Finishes for exteriortimbers'.
445
GENERAL
It is assumedthat the project documentation would includea painting and decorationschedule,

detailingtypes offmishes,location, coloursetc.
BS6150 containsvaluable information on thespecification ofpaintingmaterials and healthand
M050
M070
safety considerations.
PrelhninariesSection A21. Specifiers shouldnevertheless be awareofthe healthand safety
implications ofthe use ofmaterials whichare, or containsolvents, which are skin irritants,
poisons and whichcould cause permanentdamageifsplashedinto the eye.
Inresponseto an increasing demandformaterials oflow toxicity, manufacturers arecontinually
developing new and safer products. A recentdevelopment in this contextis the adventOflow
solvent paints and specifiers may well wishto specifysuch materials whereverthey are suitable.
Manufacturersshouldbe contactedfor advice on their latestproductsand theirapplication.
This coatingis for generaluse only and is not suitable foruse in contact with potablewater.
Forwallboardliningswhich are to be paintedorwallpapered. The primer sealers currently

available eliminate need for a slurry coat as part ofthejointing sequence. A two coat application
providesa water vapourbarrier,althoughit is not suitable foruse in damp orcontinuouslyhumid
environments. Application shouldform part ofthe overallpainting programmeto allow
maximum time for diying out
M090
A generaluse exterior/interior, solvent borne woodprimer suitable formost softwood.
Ml00
A permeableprimerallowingmore rapid uptakeand releaseofmoisture from wood and therefore

allowing faster dryingoutafter priming. Suitable forredecorationofwood that has been subject
to moisturepenetration, butfmishingcoats must notbe appliedwhenmoisturecontentofthe
wood exceeds18%.
Ml10
Forhardwood, resinoussoftwoods, softwood whereit is wishedto even out large differences

betweenearlyand late wood (egDouglasFir) andwoodstreatedwith metallicnaphthenate
preservatives.
M120
M130
Forsiteapplication but slow drying. Shouldnotbe scheduledfor use in areas ofdomesticuse

and/orwherepublichas access. Do notuse when alower leadprimer is equallysuitable.
Generalpurposeprimer for new and maintenance primingofblastor manuallycleanedsteel. Has
an equivalent performance to lead basedprimers. Shouldbeusedon steel in preferenceto lead
primersin locations wherelead paintmay be a healthhazard. On galvanized surfaces,etchprime
first.
Ml40
M150
M160
M170
M180
M190
446
Forinterior orshelteredexterioruse. Dries overnight. May be used in domesticbuildings.

Ongalvanized surfaces etch primefirst.
Preferredprimerforgalvanized steel whereoil-based fmishingpaintsare specified. Replaces
calciumplumbateprimingpaint.
Epoxyresin-basedtwo-packproduct. For factoryprimingblast-cleaned structural steelwrk or
for touching-indamagedareas ofgalvanized orzinc-sprayed coatings. Frequentstirring is
necessaryand applications shouldbe by brush,or sprayas appropriate.
Fornon-ferrousmetalpretreatment/priming.
Sub-clause a. Insert a briefgenericdescription ofthe paint systemrequiredeg. 'microporous',
'alkyd oil-based', 'low solvent' or 'mould resistant'etc.
LanceNotes
M200
PAINTINGANDCLIAR FINIShING
Two coats ofemulsion paintshouldnormallybe scheduledexcept wherewhite or similarlight

tints are to be selected, whenthreecoats may be necessary. Emulsionpaints shouldnotbe used
on lightweightmineral fibreliningsorinsulation, dueto the fire hazard.
BS7119 classifies threetypes ofemulsion paint as follows:
Type A: Generalpurpose,protective anddecorative (mattor mid-sheen). It is decorative and

protectiveinfunction,offeringgooddurabilityand wearing propertiesin most conditions. The
choiceofsheen level may dependon locationand aesthetic considerations, but, in general,
washabilityincreases with the level ofsheen.
Type B: Low wear resistance (matt). For use as first decorationofporous substrates containing
moisture, it can alsobeusedfor areas oflow wear,needinghigh obliteration. eg. ceilings. Higher
pigmentationgives increased hiding power andporositycompared with type A, but atthe expense
ofadecreaseinwashability. Only mattfmishis availableand increased porosity permitsthe
dryingout ofanyresidualmoisture in the substrate. It isunsuitableforredecorationwork.
Type C: Highwear andmoistureresistance (mattor mid-sheen). Similarto type Abut with a
higher resisitanceto wear and moisture and havingproperties much like oil basedfmishpaints.
This paint is suitable forhighlytraffickedareas or areas requiring a high degree ofmoisture
resistance.
M210
M350
M360
M370
M380
M390
Insert thetypereferencein sub-clause a. adding anyfurtherinformation required, eg. 'mould

resisting'. State'mart' or 'mid-sheen'in sub-clause b. as applicable.
This is a smooththin coating. Wherea textured fmish isrequireduse atexturedmasonrypaint
(clauseM410).
A 20% solutionofhouseholdbleachis as effective fungicidefor many organisms, buthas no
residualeffect.
Chlorinatedrubberpaintsusedto be specified for this purposeand for conditions ofvery high
humidity. Thesepaintswill shortlybewithdrawnfor environmental reasonsconcernedwith their
manufactureand specifiers wishingto fmd a substituteare advisedto contactmanufacturers to
obtain the best solutionfortheirspecificproblem.
Protectivepaintfor structural steel. The paint has limiteddecorativevalueand must be usedwith
an appropriate primer.
Heat resistantpaintforuse withoutprimer on steampipes, radiators etc at temperatures between
100Cand 130C. Avoid specifying white, creamandpastel tints asthese rapidlydarken. Black
only shouldbe specified for temperatures between 130 and204C.Generalpurposeoil paint
(M190) is suitable for low pressurehotwater pipework andradiators.
Manufacturers'claims offireretardancyshouldalwaysbe supported by certificatesfrom
approvedfire testlaboratories, for eachtype ofsurface. Flame retardantpaintsmay be water or
solvent based.
M420
Thick, viscousnon-dryingpaintfor coating upper parts ofwalls, etcto discourage intruders.

May containsand,stone dust or other gradedaggregates to give 'stone' texture. Availableas
polymer emulsion, solutionpolymeror oil basedproprietary products. Followmanufacturer's
instructionsrelatingto numberofcoats and requirements forpriming/sealing of surfaces.
Foruse on friablesurfaces beforeemulsion type masonrypaint.
M470
Durablevarnish-likematerialwith goodwood sealing properties.
M400
M410
447
1\1160
PAiNTINGAND CLEAR1ENISEENG
GuidanceNotes
M560
There is awide range ofvarnishes available(bothtraditionaltypes andmodern chemically cured

types). Theseclauses showsome ofthe most widely accepted. Varnishes on exteriorwoodwork
mayneed frequentrenewal.
M550
Forinterioruse only. Clearfinishes for external use arespecifiedat M560 and M570.
M560
A clear wood finishingsystem, havingsubstantially longer lifethan traditionalvarnishes. The

first coat is usuallyapreservativeprimer(base coat)and subsequent coats are varnish. A range of
tints (including'clear')maybeavailable.
Exteriorwood stainsare ofseveral types eg low-solids and water-borne. They have alsobeen
M540to
M570
describedas decorative wood preservatives, water-repellant preservativestains, water-repellant

fmishesand impregnation stainsand are classified in BS 6952. Generally these fmishespenetrate
thesurfacelayersofthetimber, ratherthan forminga transparent coveringfilm (zero build). In
addition,low and medium build wood stainsare available, whichleaveadiscemablefilm on the
surface. Durability is generallybetterthan that ofvarnishes and anumber ofcoloursare
available. Refer to TimberResearch and Development Association publication 'Finishes for
ExteriorTimber'.
M580
M590
Gold leafis available in 'regular' or 'fine' quality, single or double leaf. Fine quality should
normallybe used for exterior work and regularqualityforinteriorwork. Inexternallocations
exposedto the weather, where appearance is not ofparamountimportance, consider use ofbronze
metallicpaint in place ofgold leaf.
Includecompletedschedulein projectspecifications unless the appropriate information is
scheduledonthe drawings. Locations may be describedin the way most appropriate tothe
project eg on aroom by roombasis wherefinishes differ for each room or on awholebuilding
basis wherefinishesare common throughout. Note that clauseM620providesfor scheduling
colours for identification ofpipelines. Pipelines notso scheduled will be finishedin with surface
to whichthey are attachedas specifiedat W080. Anexample ofa completed scheduleis given
below:
Surface &
Location or
Component
Ceilings and
plasteredwalls
throughout
448
Primer Sealer or Base

Coat
Undercoator
IntermediateCoat
Finish
:
Clause
No of
Clause
No of
Coats
Reference
No of
Coats
Clause
Reference
Reference
Coats
---
----
M200
M200
I
.
Hardwood window
framesexternally
M570
M570
M570
Exposedsteelwork
Basement car park
M130
M190
Ml90
The followingtables are providedfor guidancewhen completing the schedulesand selecting

coats.
PRIMERS
Surface
Softwood generally
Primer
Notes
ClauseReference
Generalpurposeprimer for
wood
M090
Aluminium primer for wood
Ml10
Hardwood, resinous
soffivood and timber
treatedwithcopper
naphthenate
preservative
Iron and steel generally
Red leadprimer
(1)
M120
Red oxideofiron/zinc chrome
(2)
M140
(3)
M130
Zincrich primer
(4)
M170
Etching primer plus zinc

chrome primer
(5)
M180&M150

phosphate primer
(6)
M180&M130
steel (low lead)
(7)
M160

chrome primer
(5)
M180&M150

phosphate primers
(6)
M180&M130
primer
Zincphosphate primer (low

lead)
Zinc and galvanized

surfaces generally
One packprimer for galvanized

Sprayedzinc coatings
Aluminium and
sprayed aluminium
coatings
Zincchrome primer
Smooth and polished

aluminium
Etching primerplus zinc

chrome primer
Smooth and polished

copperand lead
Etching primer
M150
.
M180&M150
M180
Notesto Schedule ofPrimers

1.
Exterior, site applied, slowdrying. Notto be used in domesticenvironment,wherepublichas

accessorwhere low-lead primer is suitable.
2.
Interior/Sheltered. Overnightdrying. Maybeused indomesticenvironment.
3.
Exterior/interior. Suitableforallsituations when aperformance equivalent tored lead primer is

needed. Overnightdrying. Replacesred lead in domesticenvironment, non-toxic, faster drying.
449
4.
5.
6.
7.
Highstandardofpreparationneededfor effectiveuse.
Interior/sheltered exterior. Replacement forcalciumplumbateprimer.
Aprimerforgalvanicprotection ofsteel.
Equivalentalternative to(5) whereuse ofchromateprimersmayberestricted.

Exterior/Interior. Preferred replacement for calciumplumbateprimer.
SEALERS
Surface
Sealer
ClauseReference
Oilpaint
Alkali-resistant primersealer
M060
Standard hardboard
Oilpaint
Proprietary hardboard
sealer
M080
Tempered hardboard
Oilpaint
Emulsion paint
M200
Proprietary hardboard
sealer
M080
Emulsion paintthinned
M200
Alkali-resistantprimersealer
M060
Dry plasterDry
concreteDry fibre-
Finish
cement
Concrete orplaster,
Emulsion paint
notfullydried out
450
Plasterboard
Oilpaint
Proprietary gypsum
wall-board primer
sealer
M070
Porous wall surfaces

generally
Emulsion paint
Emulsion paintthinned
M200
Bituminous paint, old

creosote
Oilpaint
Aluminium primer
Ml10
Cementitious surfaces
Finetextured masonry
paint(oil base)
Alkali-resistantprimer
sealer
M060
M600&
M610
Alternativeclauses. Wherecolourscheme canbe decided atthe specification stage, use second

alternative and complete schedule.
M620
This schedule is derived from BS 1710 and coversbasic identification coloursfor pipelines.
Wherethe alternative ofcolourbandingonly, or additional bandingin safetycoloursis required,
this shouldbe specifiedusing anon-standardclause.
Paint systemsfor pipesto be colouridentifiedmustbe separately scheduled at clauseM590. The
project M&EEngineerwill adviseonneed and extentofpipeline identification. In all other
circumstances pipework to be paintedwillbe finishedin with the surfacesto whichit is attached
as specifiedat W080, unless theclause is modified.
WOlO
BS8000: Part 12 specifies basic workmanship requirements. Theremainingclauses in this

Worksection are alternative, supplementary or additional to BS 8000 as statedin W020 andmay
be addedto whenever theindividual requirements oftheproject demandit.
W030
This clause shouldalwaysbe includedinproject specifications.
W060
Solventvapour levels must notbe allowedto exceedstatutorymaximumvalues, as given in HSE

GuidanceNote EH4O/95. Careful consideration shouldbe given to the safety aspects of
specif'ing paint systemsfor use in confmedspaces orlocationswhereprovisionofadequate
ventilationmay be difficult.
Wherecolourboundariesoccur other than as specifiedin standardclause, edit clause accordingly.
W090
W130
Samples fortesting maybetaken bythe PM or by the paintmanufactureractingunder the

authorisation ofthePM.
W150
W2i0
The ControlofAsbestosatWork Regulations 1987 andControl ofAsbestosat Work

(Amendment) Regulations 1992sets outcomprehensive provisionscoveringwork activities
involvingexposureto asbestos. See alsoWorksection C20 for additionalmaterial and guidance
on workingwith asbestosbasedmaterials.
Alternativeclauses. W170 shouldonly be used whereburningoffis unsuitable, since it is more
expensive and slower. Complete removal ofexistingpaintis only necessary in casesofadvanced
deterioration ofthe coating. Specifiers shouldalsobe awareofthe healthand safety implications
ofburning offlead-based paints andworkingwith causticmaterials.
Use wherepolish is generally sound, butrevivingofthe surface is required.
W220
Use wherecompleterepolishingisrequired.
W290
Appliesto all metallic paints.

Brush application ispreferableforthefollowing,butsprayingmay be permittedwhere
appropriateeg whereaccess isdifficult,largeareas ofpaint arerequired,or speedy application is
W160 &
Wi70
W3 10
important:
a.
firstcoatofbituminouspaintonbaremetal;
b.
firstcoats ofemulsionpaint;
c.
tar-basedpamts.andcreosote.
451
Construction
Materials
Reference
Book
DKDoran
A reference work that is surely a must for any in-house
library..lfyou need an extensive, one-volume state-of-theart referencesource on materials used in our industry then
this workmust be it.'
CMI EngineeringSurveyor
a definitive source of reference for construction

and students, who need a broader or deeper
understandingofthe materials used in their industry
Overfiftychapters byexpert contributors coveringa
This is
professionals,
wide rangeofmaterials
Materials covered rangesfromnew ceramics and
compositesto older materials still in use, such as cast
and wrought iron
Essentialfor cMl and structural engineers,
builders,surveyorsand architects
for material Metals and their alloys

Aluminium Cast iron
Steel Steel
Wrought iron
reinforcement Other metals Non-metals Adhesives Asbestos Bituminous materials
Bricks and brickwork Vitrified clay pipes liles and tiling (ceramic) Concrete overview
Admixtures and polymers Aggregates Blocks and blockwork
Cements Curing
membranes GRC Mortars, renders and screeds Mould oils and release agents Silica
fume Sprayed and sprayed fibre concrete Tiles and tiling (concrete) Cork Fabrics
Geotextiles Glass Mineralfibre products Paint: non-absorbent surfaces Preserving and
coatingtimber Paint: absorbentsurfaces otherthan limber Intumescent coatings Plaster and
Rubbers (natural and synthetic)
plasterboard Polymers overview
Acrylics and
polycarbonates Polymer dispersions Polyethylene Polyslyrene PIFE Vinyl compounds
Aramids GRP Resins Silanes Grouts and slurries Stone Timber Vermiculite.
CONTENTS: Models
'
1994 920pp 234 x 156pp
PAPERBACK
'
0 7506 1963 5 4000
0RTH
11u TI TN EER W
M A N N
JE
&Professional Publishing Limited,

Office:
Regtered
QuadrantHouse,TheQuadrant, Sutton,Surrey, SM2 5AS.
Registered in Engiand Number3099304.
VAT number663 3472 30
ReedEducalional

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Surface Finishes

A layer ofcement-sand or concrete cast ontonewor existingstructural floorsandroofs to form a

1996: Portlandblastfurnace cement.

1986: Test sieves+ AMD 8255.

1983: Aggregates from natural sources for concrete+ AMD 5150.

1982: Sodium silicates.

Workmanship onbuilding sites.

Sub-clause e. Onlyuse wherea fme screedsurfaceis requiredto the fme concretescreed

It is often desirable to have manufacturers or suppliers laytheir ownproduct,thus assuringthat

Alternativelysome proprietary admixture manufacturers recommend screedlaying firmslicensed

Wherethe choiceofaggregate is left to the Contractorincludeboth these clauses. Wherethe type

These materials are includedfor the specification offloatingscreeds. Selectan appropriate

Use these clauses wherea surface hardenedornon-slipfmishis requiredtotoppingswhichwill

Completethe schedule ifnecessary(eg wheremore than one type ofscreedor toppingwith

Select the applicablebase preparations requiredand insert clausenumber(s)in column 4 of the

Wherethe base is athinlayerofconcrete (under 100mm) laid onprecastconcreteunits,

Delete clauses not required.

Whetherscreeds/toppings are to be laid monolithically, bondedor unbondedwilldetenninetheir

Separatebondedscreeds/toppings shouldbe usedwhereverpossible. Thicknessesofbonded

Unbonded screeds/toppings should normally be usedonly whereitis impossible to achieve abondeg

Anexceptionto therecommendation that unbondedscreedsshouldnot be less than 75 mmcan be

Monolithictoppingsshouldnotbe less than 10mm thick and notmore than 20 mm thick.

Use these clauses whereasurface hardened/non-slip fmish is requiredto toppingsnotto receive

Ifa less exactingsurface regularitydeviation is requiredamend clauseaccordingly.

Testing is alwaysadvisable becauseofthe high incidencethe ofthe latent failures on screedsof

3 testsatrandom locations plus

4testsper each 10m2

Thenumber oftests requiredaboveare minimum requirements. Whereit is considered additional

Surfacefinishing,includingsand rubbed, steel float,polished, crimped.

Steellathingforinternalplastering and externalrendering.

1993: Methodsofsampling andtesting mastic asphaltused in buildingand civil

1988: Masticasphaltforbuilding and civil engineering (limestoneaggregate) +

This Worksection coversthe specification ofmasticasphaltfor flooringand also as awaterproof

Masticasphaltis available in arange ofgradesas follows

Colouredasphaltshouldnotbe specifiedwhereheavytrafficuse ofthe flooringis anticipated.

on timberdecksand suspended floors;

on concrete with fme cracks, porousor open surfaces;

on concrete whichhas received asurface treatment;

when a polished surfaceis required;

when movementofbase is anticipated;

Whererequired, list specialistfirmsto lay asphaltflooring.

Alternative clauses. Use W060wherean isolatingmembraneis specified.

Alternative clauses. A polishedfmish is generallyspecifiedfor asphaltflooring.

Insertheight and profileeg 'square' or 'splayed' ofskirting.

Isolatedor small scalecomponents or precastplaster

PLASTI3REI), IENDEREDAND ROUGhCAST

1996: Portlandblastfurnace cement.

+AMDs4510,1200, 4834 and

with potablewater + AMID 7288.

1981: Ready-mixed buildingmortars+ AMID4120 +AMD 5041.

1991: Code ofpracticefor external renderings.

Beadsfor internalplastering and dry lining.

Insertthickness(es) requiredin M140. BS 1230providesfor squareandroundededges in both 9.5

Insert width,thicknessand edgeprofilerequired. See note aboveregardingBS 1230 types.

Insertinsulantthicknessand thermalresistance required.

PVAemulsionbondingagentsmay be necessary for smoothdense concrete containingbrick,

Alternativeclauses. For use in conjunction with doorsetswithouttimber architraves.

Crossreferto clause in Worksection Z22 for type ofsealantrequired.

Plasterand renderfmishesmustbe scheduled eitheron the drawings or in the project

Scheduled fmishes are relatedto suitability ofbackgrounds. Add anyparticularbackgrounds to

Ensureproject drawings showwhichjunctionsrequirewhichtreatment.

Alternativeclauses. Throwing-onis likelyto producethemore durable rendering,due to better

Statetype or types offmishto the externalrenderrequired. Examples ofpossiblefmishes are:

Adaptationofexisting.detailsat eaves, verges,downpipes, quoins,heads,jambs, sills, plinths,etc to