Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture

B.Tech (NA&OE) / 3rd Year.
Vibration of Floating Structures
NA30009
V SEM MID EXAMINATION 2011

Course:
Subject:
Sub. Code:

Date: 26.09.2011
Time: 2.00 - 4.00
Max. Marks: 60

1. Single Degree of freedom (DOF) system : Free Vibration.

(a) Starting with a spring-mass-dashpot system, derive the equation of free vibration. Define all symbols. 5
(b) Draw and label the time-series plots for undamped, sub-critically damped, critically damped, and supercritically damped vibration.
5
2. Single DOF system : Forced Vibration.
(a) Given is a rigid bar of length L = 1.1 m, mass m = 1.8 kg, attached to a hinge at one end and free at the
other end. In Fig.1, k = 2x105 N/m, c = 30 N-s/m, l = 20 cm, F0 = 100 N, = 100 rad/sec. What is the
steady state amplitude of angular oscillation of the bar?
5
F(t) = F0 sin (t)
l

Fig. 1 : Bar oscillation.

(b) A 300 kg vehicle traverses a road whose contour is approximately sinusoidal, of amplitude 2.5 mm and
period 2.6 m, Considering the support of the vehicles has a stiffness k = 2.5x105 N/m, and the damping
ratio is 0.3; predict the acceleration amplitude of the vehicles as it travels at 30 m/sec.
5
3. Transient Vibration.
For a constant force with a rise time on a vibrating system (mass m and stiffness k), draw the maximum
dynamic deflection (normalized by the static deflection) versus the rise time (non-dimensionlized by the
natural frequency). Label the plots. Explain the quasi-static behavior and the dynamic behavior. 3+3 = 6
4. Multi DOF system Vibration.
Derive the matrix governing differential equation (GDE) in the matrix form in Fig. 2. Length AB = BC =
L/2, length DE = 3L/2. Mass of AC is m, mass of DE is 1.5m. Consider the DOF as 1 and 2. Find the
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors of the system.
4+4 = 8

B
k

Fig.2

2 Degree of freedom system.

2k
D

Please Turn Over

5. Vibration of continuous systems.

(a) Find the expression for the modeshapes of a Free-free beam, starting with the governing differential
equation of free undamped vibration of a beam, with uniformly distributed mass and stiffness. Consider
pure bending. Mention all the boundary conditions in words as well as mathematically.
6
(b) What is the speed of torsional waves in a solid steel shaft of 20mm diameter? Shear modulus G = 80 GPa,
density of iron = 7800 kg/m3.
2
(c) What is the tension required in a simply-supported transmission line of length 15 m and linear density 5
kg/m such that the lowest natural frequency is 100 rad/sec. What is the 4th natural frequency?
2
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Normal Mode Analysis.

For a simply-supported beam of length L, prove the orthogonality for the first 2 modes.
Formulate generalized mass M, generalized stiffness K, generalized forcing F.
Consider mass distribution to be m kg/m and stiffness EI. Calculate M23, K34.
Formulate the kth natural frequency from the generalized mass and the generalized stiffness.

2
3
4
1

7. Added Mass.
(a) Define in words : A75, A73, A77.
3
(b) A hot air balloon begins to rise. Assume it to be spherical of radius R, and the hot air in the balloon has a
density that is 10% lighter than the outside air. There is no viscous drag. What is the acceleration of the
balloon?
3

Please Turn Over

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture
Course:
Subject:
Sub. Code:

B.Tech (NA&OE) / 3rd Year

Vibration of Floating Structures
NA31007
V SEM MID EXAMINATION 2012

Date: 25.09.2012
Time: 2.00 - 4.00
Max. Marks: 50

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. Single DOF system : Forced Vibration.
(a) For a single degree-of-freedom spring-mass-dashpot system, determine the tuning factor at the half-power
points (side-bands) in terms of the damping ratio ; assuming <<1.
Marks : 3
A free vibration test is conducted on an empty water tank (Fig.1). A
cable attached to the tank applied a horizontal static force of F = 75
kN and pulled the tank horizontally by 5 cm. The cable is suddenly
cut and the resulting free vibration is recorded. At the end of 4
complete cycles, the time is 2 sec and the amplitude is 25 mm.
Compute the following: (i) damping ratio, (ii) natural period of
undamped vibration, (iii) damping coefficient (iv) number of cycles
required for the amplitude to decrease to 5 mm.

(b)

Fig.1

Water Tank.

Marks : 2+2+1+2 = 7

2. Transient Vibration. (Drop Test).

As shown in Fig.2, a mass m = 2 kg is dropped form a height h = 10 m
over a platform, which supported over the ground by a spring of constant
k = 10N/m. What is the displacement x(t) of the platform as a function of
time t. Express the complementary function (due to the impact) and the
particular integral (due to the step function load).

m
h
x(t)
k

What is the maximum acceleration experienced by the platform.

Fig.2

Drop Test.

Marks : 4

3. Multi DOF system Vibration.

(a)
Establish the system of governing differential equations of free vibration of
the 3-DOF system in Fig.3, in the matrix form. Mention all units and
dimensions.
Marks : 9

Fig.3

Three degree-of-freedom system.

Please Turn Over

(b) In a refrigeration plant a section of the pipe carrying the refrigerant vibrated violently at a compressor speed of
200 rpm. To eliminate this problem, spring-mass system is clamped to the pipe to act as an absorber. In the
trial test the 4 kg absorber turned to 250 cycles/min resulted in two natural frequencies of 190 and 250
cycles/min. If the absorber system is to be designed so that the natural frequencies lie outside the region 170
and 300 cycles/min, what must be the weight and spring stiffness?
Marks : 6
4. Normal Mode Analysis.
For a 2 DOF system, the mass matrix, the stiffness matrix, and the forcing vector is given as follows :
2 0
[M ]
;
0 1

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

6 2
0

[K ]
; {F (t )} 10 sin(2 t ).

2
4

Natural frequencies of the system.

Modeshapes of the system.
Generalized mass matrix.
Generalized stiffness matrix.
Generalized forcing vector.
Principal coordinates q1(t) and q2(t).
Displacements x1(t) and x2(t).

Determine the following :

Marks : 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 = 11

5. Vibration of continuous systems.

(a) From the general expression of the modeshape, ( )
establish the frequency equation and modeshape of a cantilever beam (Fig.4).

x=0

Fig.4 Cantilever.

,
Marks : 5

x=L

(b) A shaft has a length of 2m, diameter 50 mm, modulus of rigidity 795 GPa and density 7800 kg/m3. Both ends
of the shaft are fixed. Determine the fundamental frequency of the torsional vibration of the shaft. Marks : 3
6. Added Mass
(a) What is the added mass of a cylinder of radius R and length L, vibrating in a fluid of density ?
Mark : 1
(b) What is the added mass of a sphere of radius R, vibrating in a fluid of density ?
Mark : 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Please Turn Over

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture
Course:
Subject:
Sub. Code:

B.Tech (NA&OE) / 3rd Year

Vibration of Floating Structures
NA31007
V SEM MID EXAMINATION 2013
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Date: 24.09.2013
Time: 2.00 - 4.00
Max. Marks: 50

1. Single DOF system vibration (8 marks)

(a) A platform weighing 700N is supported by four identical columns. Experimentally, 175000 N force applied
axially on one column produces a displacement of 2.54 mm. Damping ratio is 5%. Determine the following :
(i) Undamped natural frequency, (ii) damping coefficient, (iii) logarithmic decrement, (iv) the number of
cycles required for the amplitude to reduce from 2.54 mm to 0.254 mm.
1+1+1+1 = 4 marks
(b) An automobile 150N is mounted on four identical springs. Due to its weight, it sags by 0.23 m. Each shock
absorber has a damping coefficient of 0.4N for a velocity of 3 cm per second. The car is placed on a platform
which moves vertically at resonant speed, having an amplitude of 1 cm. Find the amplitude of vibration of
the car at the steady state. The centre of gravity is assumed to be at the centre of the wheel base.
4 marks
2. Transient Vibration (7 marks)
What is the response of a spring-mass system to a saw-tooth
excitation as shown in Fig.1? Derive the response x(t).
Draw the dynamic loading factor (DLF) qualitatively as a
function of the rise time.
How does damping affect the DLF characteristics?

Fig.1

Explain the zero, dynamic and quasi-static behavior physically.

3+2+1+1 = 7 marks

3. Multi-DOF system vibration (15 marks)

(a) Fig. 2 shows a massless rigid bar of length 2L
pivoted at the middle point constrained to move in
the vertical direction only.
Determine the expression of
(i) the natural frequencies of the system,
(ii) the mode shapes of the system.
3+4 = 7 marks

Fig.2

Page 1 of 2

(c) Determine the system of governing differential equation of forced vibration of the 2-DOF system shown in
Fig. 3. Establish the mass matrix, the damping matrix, and the stiffness matrix; commenting on the coupling.
Find the steady state amplitude of the masses.

Fig.3

8 marks

4. Continuous systems vibration (10 marks)

(a) For the torsional vibration of a rod whose both ends are free, determine the natural frequencies. Clearly
mention the boundary conditions. Assume the usual meaning of the symbols, m, L, G, E, Ip, , x, t. 3 marks
(b) Verify the boundary conditions and find the fundamental natural frequency of the lateral vibration of a fixedfixed beam by the Energy Method, using the deflection curve ( x)

ax 2
( L x) 2 , where a is a constant, E
24 EI

is the Young's modulus of elasticity, I is the moment of inertia, L the length of the beam, and A the crosssectional area of the beam.
4 marks
x
(c) Find the forced vibration produced in an SS beam by a distributed load P( x, t ) Po sin sin t . Use the
L
mode-summation method and consider the first two modes. Assume the usual meaning of the symbols, m, L,
E, I, x, t.
3 marks
5. Added Mass (5 marks)
Define and formulate the following in terms of the 2-D added mass coefficient in heave a332D : A37, A73,
A57, A75, A77.
6. Ship vibration (5 marks)
(a) What is the excitation frequency of propeller-induced vibration (PIV)? Which part of the hull is the most
susceptible to it?
(b) Tall deckhouses in merchant vessels are subjected to what kind of harmonically excited vibration? What is
Strouhal number?
(c) Which modes of motion/vibration are excited by head/following sea, beam sea, and quartering seas?
(d) Define whipping and springing.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to the Examinee
1) Bring pen, pencil, eraser, ruler, set squares, compass, protractor, dividers.
2) Draw top and left margins on each page of 1 cm thickness. Put page numbers on the top right hand corner (North East).
3) Separate all answers by horizontal lines. Write horizontally, and not sloping upwards /downwards.
4) You are not permitted draw with the pen. Do not do free hand drawing.
5) All equations must have its units written at the right end in brackets.
6) Write legibly. Unacceptably poor handwriting will cause you to lose marks.
7) All answers must be self-explanatory : you should not need to return to the teacher and re-explain your answers in person!
8) Utilize the paper efficiently : do not leave blanks on left and right. Highlight the final answers in boxes.
9) Do not scratch on the script : strike out omitted parts neatly with a diagonal ruled pencil line.
10) All equations need to be numbered. All figured need to be numbered. All graphs/diagrams must be neatly labeled.
11) Rough work may be done in the rough column on the right hand side of each page. Make it not more than 2 inches wide.
12) Have a nomenclature on Page zero of your answer script, with symbols, quantities, and units.

Page 2 of 2

Indian Institute of Technology, Khllflllpnr

Ocean Engineering and Naval Arch Itlolu re
B.Tech(NA&OE)
13rdYear
Vibratic)~ of Floating Structures
NA31007
V SEMMID EXAMINATION 2014
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Course:
Subject:
Sub. Code:

Date: 16.09.2014
Time: 2.00.- 4.00
Max. Marks: 50

1. Single DOF system vibration (12 marks)

a) Draw time-series plots for undamped, sub-critically damped, critically damped, and super-critically damped
vibration (on the same time series: do NOT make four separate plots).
b) Define resonance for a single DOF system. What is the amplification t'Mt9ffluning factor, phase difference
between the forcing and the response at resonance? What causes tbis phM~ d,f&mnce?
f
c) Determine the magnification factor of forced vibration produced by an oscillator, fixed at the middle of the
beam at a speed of 600 rpm. The weight concentrated at the middle of the beam is W = 5000 N and produced
a static deflection of the beam equal to OSI = 0.025 cm. Neglect the weight of the beam and assume that the
damping is equivalent to a force acting at the middle of the beam proportional to the velocity and equal to 500
Nat a velocity of z.Scms..
~
/#/'09
...
,
d) What is logarithmic decrement? What is the nature of the decrement in Coulomb damping?
e) How much energy is lost per cycle of vibration through the dash pot? How muchenergy is lost at resonance?

Marks:

2 +4 +4 +2 +2

= 12

2. Transient Vibration (6 marks)

A machine tool with a mass of 30 kg is mounted on an
undamped foundttltonofstiffness
1500 N/m. During

operation, it is subject to olieof

shown in Fig.t.

3000

the machining force

Use the principle of superposition and the convolution

integral to determine the response x(t) of the system.
05
Fig. 1
3.

t(s)

Transient force

Multi-DOF system vibration (12 marks)

'lg.2.,

T
.i

in

m
k

Fig. 2

2-DOF. system

Consider the 2-DOF system shows in

Frame the system of
Governing differential equations of forced vibrations. Consider both
the masses as Om' kg; and th@lntereonnecting spring of a spring
constant k' N/m .
Frame the Eigen Value problemforlNe-vibration.
For m = 1 kg, L = 1
FICO m, and k = 100 N/m, find the natural tfequencies (01 and (02. Find the
corresponding modeshapes {CDi} And {CD2}.
Solve for the amplitudes of vibration of x(1) and B(t) by matrix
methods. The forces have amplitudes of 1 N and an excitation
. frequency of'(co, + (02)/2.
Express the above solution as a superposition of the normal modes
{l>I} and {l>2} : what are the corresponding principal coordinates ql(/)
and q2(t)?
Marks: 2 + 4 -+ 4 + 2 = 12
Page 1 of2

4.

Energy Methods (10 marks)

Identical slender
rods oflen:~ L

k
1----- L -----I

and mass

JlI.

Use Lagrange's equations to drive the differential

.equations governing the motion of the 2-DOF
system show in F11-3. Use the indicated generalized
._ coordinates. Make 'linearlzlng assumptions; and
- . write the resulting equations in matrix formIndicate
whether
the system
is statically
coupled,'
dynamically coupled, neither, or both.

Fig.3

2 DOF system

I-LI4+L!4..
1- LIl -I

.5. Continuous systems vibration (10 marks)

li)',Determine the frequency equation of a free-free girder.
b) Why does a fully loaded ship vibrate less than the lightship condition?
c) A 5000 N m torque is statically applied to a the mid-span of a solid 20-em radius steel shaft with a length of
1.5 m, that is fixed at one end and free at its other end. (Shear modulus Ge 80 GPa, Density p = 7500 kg/rrr')
The torque is suddenly removed, and torsional oscillationsbegin. Determine the expression for the timedependent angular displacement of the free end of the shaft.
.
d) Calculate the wave speed of longitudinal waves in a 3-m long steel bar with a circular cross section of a 20
mm radius. Young's modulus E = 210 GPa, Density p = 7580 kglm3
-'

d-

5" " 2: b > 6....x

.Lee: ,
Marks: 4 + 1 + 3 + 2 = 10
----~---------------------------------------------------~I~--------------------=====:====~==-----------------------------Instructions to the Examinee (PLEASE READ CAREFULLY)
1) Bring pen, pencil, eraser, ruler, set squares, compass, protractor, dividers.
2) Draw top and left MARGINS on each page of 1 em thickness. Put page numbers on the top right hand corner
(North East).
..
.
3) Separate all answers by horirontallines. Write horizontally, and not sloping upwards Idownwards.
4) YOU ARE NOT PERMITTED DRAW WITH THE PEN. Do not do free hand drawing.
S) All equations must have.its units/dimensions written at the right end in brackets.
6) Write legibly. Unacceptably poor handwriting will cause you to lose marks.
7) All answers must be self-explanatory : you should not need to return to the teacher and re-explain your

answers in person!
8) Utilize the paper efficiently: do not leave blanks on left and right. Hi 1 t the tinal answers in boxes.
9) Do not scratch on the script: strike out omitted parts neatly with a tagona ru e pencil line.
10) All equations need to be numbered. All figured need to be numbered. All graphs/diagrams
must be neatly
labeled.
11) Rough work may be done in the rough column on the right hand side of each page. Make it not more than
inches wide.
12) Have a nomenclature list on Page zero of your answer script, with symbols, quantities, and units.

Page 2 of2

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture
B.Tech (NA&OE) / 3rd Year (49 students)
Vibration of Floating Structures
NA31007
V SEM MID EXAMINATION 2015
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Course:
Subject:
Sub. Code:

Date:
Time:
Max. Marks: 50

1. Single DOF system free and forced vibration (20 marks)

Consider a single DOF spring-mass-dashpot system, of mass m = 1 kg, attached to a spring of spring constant
k = 1 N/m, and a dashpot with 5% damping. Let it be given and initial positive velocity of 1 m/sec, without
any initial displacement.
(a) What is the first amplitude in metres?
(b) How many oscillations are required to decimate the amplitude (make it 1/10th)?
(c) What is the %age difference of the damped period from the undamped natural period?
(d) Draw the phase plane (displacement vs. velocity/frequency) of the first cycle of oscillation. Mark the
coordinates when the phase plane characteristic cuts each axis. Is it clock-wise or anticlock-wise?
(e) What is the ratio of the energy lost in the 1st cycle to that in the 5th cycle?
(f) Suppose the 1DOF spring-mass-dashpot system is excited by a harmonic for ( )
. What is
the phase difference between the force and the response at the half-power points.
(g) What is the tuning factor for the maximum amplification?
(h) What is the tuning factor post resonance for which the response is quasi-static?
(i) How much force gets transmitted to the base (from which the spring and the dashpot are attached)?
Marks : 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 20
2. Transient Vibration (7 marks)
m
h
x(t)
k

As shown in Fig.1, a mass m = 2 kg is dropped form a height h = 10

m over a massless platform, which supported over the ground by a
spring of constant k = 10 N/m, c = 1 N-sec/m. What is the
displacement x(t) of the platform as a function of time t. Express the
complementary function (due to the impact) and the particular
integral (due to the step function load).
What is the maximum acceleration experienced by the platform.

Fig.1
Drop Test

3. Added mass (5 marks)

Fig.2

Fig. 2 shows a deeply submerged inverted pendulum. The radius of

the spherical bob is R, whose centre of mass is at a distance L from
the articulated (hinged) joint at the sea-bed. The bob is made of a
light material of density 20% of the density of the water. The
movable cylindrical buoyancy chamber (shown as a dashed
rectangle), of length l m, radius r m, is located midway between the
superstructure centroid and the base, which is a torsional spring of
spring constant K N-m/rad. The rest of the column is a grillage,
providing negligible buoyancy and negligible added mass.
Find the natural frequency of angular oscillation of the ALP (similar
to an inverted pendulum, including the added mass of the bob and the
buoyancy chamber. Hint : Apply Strip theory for the buoyancy
chamber.
Page 1 of 2

4. Multi-DOF system vibration (8 marks)

A large machine has a mass of 200 kg and is mounted on an undamped
elastic foundation of stiffness 2.5106 N/m as shown in Fig.3 During
operation at 110 revolutions per second, the machine is subject to a
harmonic force of magnitude 2200 N.
(a) Determine the steady-state amplitude of the machine as it operates.
(b) Determine the required stiffness of an undamped vibration absorber
of mass 20 kg such that steady-state vibrations of the machine are
eliminated during operation.

Fig. 3 Vibration attenuator

5. Continuous systems vibration (5 marks)

A steel shaft ( = 7850 kg/m3, G = 85 109 N/m2) with an inner radius of 30 mm, outer radius of 50 mm, and
length of 1.0 m is fixed at both ends. Determine the three lowest natural frequencies of the shaft.
6. Vibration in life (5 marks)
What is the difference between female and male voice? Why and how does human voice change at teenage?
Why does self-voice sound shriller when played back after recording? Why is every voice unique in this
world (which helps us recognize people)?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to the Examinee
1) Bring pen, pencil, eraser, ruler, set squares, compass, protractor, dividers.
2) Draw top and left margins on each page of 1 cm thickness. Put page numbers on the top right hand corner (North East).
3) Separate all answers by horizontal lines. Write horizontally, and not sloping upwards /downwards.
4) You are not permitted draw with the pen. Do not do free hand drawing.
5) All equations must have its units written at the right end in brackets.
6) Write legibly. Unacceptably poor handwriting will cause you to lose marks.
7) All answers must be self-explanatory : you should not need to return to the teacher and re-explain your answers in
person!
8) Utilize the paper efficiently : do not leave blanks on left and right. Highlight the final answers in boxes.
9) Do not scratch on the script : strike out omitted parts neatly with a diagonal ruled pencil line.
10) All equations need to be numbered. All figured need to be numbered. All graphs/diagrams must be neatly labeled.
11) Rough work may be done in the rough column on the right hand side of each page. Make it not more than 2 inches wide.
12) Have a nomenclature on Page zero of your answer script, with symbols, quantities, and units.

Page 2 of 2

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture
Course:
Subject:
Sub. Code:

B.Tech (NA&OE) / 3rd Year

Vibration of Floating Structures
NA31007
V SEM MID EXAMINATION 2012

Date: 25.09.2012
Time: 2.00 - 4.00
Max. Marks: 50

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. Single DOF system : Forced Vibration.
(a) For a single degree-of-freedom spring-mass-dashpot system, determine the tuning factor at the half-power
points (side-bands) in terms of the damping ratio ; assuming <<1.
Marks : 3
A free vibration test is conducted on an empty water tank (Fig.1). A
cable attached to the tank applied a horizontal static force of F = 75
kN and pulled the tank horizontally by 5 cm. The cable is suddenly
cut and the resulting free vibration is recorded. At the end of 4
complete cycles, the time is 2 sec and the amplitude is 25 mm.
Compute the following: (i) damping ratio, (ii) natural period of
undamped vibration, (iii) damping coefficient (iv) number of cycles
required for the amplitude to decrease to 5 mm.

(b)

Fig.1

Water Tank.

Marks : 2+2+1+2 = 7

2. Transient Vibration. (Drop Test).

As shown in Fig.2, a mass m = 2 kg is dropped form a height h = 10 m
over a platform, which supported over the ground by a spring of constant
k = 10N/m. What is the displacement x(t) of the platform as a function of
time t. Express the complementary function (due to the impact) and the
particular integral (due to the step function load).

m
h
x(t)
k

What is the maximum acceleration experienced by the platform.

Fig.2

Drop Test.

Marks : 4

3. Multi DOF system Vibration.

(a)
Establish the system of governing differential equations of free vibration of
the 3-DOF system in Fig.3, in the matrix form. Mention all units and
dimensions.
Marks : 9

Fig.3

Three degree-of-freedom system.

Please Turn Over

(b) In a refrigeration plant a section of the pipe carrying the refrigerant vibrated violently at a compressor speed of
200 rpm. To eliminate this problem, spring-mass system is clamped to the pipe to act as an absorber. In the
trial test the 4 kg absorber turned to 250 cycles/min resulted in two natural frequencies of 190 and 250
cycles/min. If the absorber system is to be designed so that the natural frequencies lie outside the region 170
and 300 cycles/min, what must be the weight and spring stiffness?
Marks : 6
4. Normal Mode Analysis.
For a 2 DOF system, the mass matrix, the stiffness matrix, and the forcing vector is given as follows :
2 0
[M ]
;
0 1

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

6 2
0

[K ]
; {F (t )} 10 sin(2 t ).

2
4

Natural frequencies of the system.

Modeshapes of the system.
Generalized mass matrix.
Generalized stiffness matrix.
Generalized forcing vector.
Principal coordinates q1(t) and q2(t).
Displacements x1(t) and x2(t).

Determine the following :

Marks : 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 = 11

5. Vibration of continuous systems.

(a) From the general expression of the modeshape, ( )
establish the frequency equation and modeshape of a cantilever beam (Fig.4).

x=0

Fig.4 Cantilever.

,
Marks : 5

x=L

(b) A shaft has a length of 2m, diameter 50 mm, modulus of rigidity 795 GPa and density 7800 kg/m3. Both ends
of the shaft are fixed. Determine the fundamental frequency of the torsional vibration of the shaft. Marks : 3
6. Added Mass
(a) What is the added mass of a cylinder of radius R and length L, vibrating in a fluid of density ?
Mark : 1
(b) What is the added mass of a sphere of radius R, vibrating in a fluid of density ?
Mark : 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Please Turn Over

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture
Course:
Subject:
Sub. Code:

B.Tech (NA&OE) / 3rd Year

Vibration of Floating Structures
NA31007
V SEM MID EXAMINATION 2013
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Date: 24.09.2013
Time: 2.00 - 4.00
Max. Marks: 50

1. Single DOF system vibration (8 marks)

(a) A platform weighing 700N is supported by four identical columns. Experimentally, 175000 N force applied
axially on one column produces a displacement of 2.54 mm. Damping ratio is 5%. Determine the following :
(i) Undamped natural frequency, (ii) damping coefficient, (iii) logarithmic decrement, (iv) the number of
cycles required for the amplitude to reduce from 2.54 mm to 0.254 mm.
1+1+1+1 = 4 marks
(b) An automobile 150N is mounted on four identical springs. Due to its weight, it sags by 0.23 m. Each shock
absorber has a damping coefficient of 0.4N for a velocity of 3 cm per second. The car is placed on a platform
which moves vertically at resonant speed, having an amplitude of 1 cm. Find the amplitude of vibration of
the car at the steady state. The centre of gravity is assumed to be at the centre of the wheel base.
4 marks
2. Transient Vibration (7 marks)
What is the response of a spring-mass system to a saw-tooth
excitation as shown in Fig.1? Derive the response x(t).
Draw the dynamic loading factor (DLF) qualitatively as a
function of the rise time.
How does damping affect the DLF characteristics?

Fig.1

Explain the zero, dynamic and quasi-static behavior physically.

3+2+1+1 = 7 marks

3. Multi-DOF system vibration (15 marks)

(a) Fig. 2 shows a massless rigid bar of length 2L
pivoted at the middle point constrained to move in
the vertical direction only.
Determine the expression of
(i) the natural frequencies of the system,
(ii) the mode shapes of the system.
3+4 = 7 marks

Fig.2

Page 1 of 2

(c) Determine the system of governing differential equation of forced vibration of the 2-DOF system shown in
Fig. 3. Establish the mass matrix, the damping matrix, and the stiffness matrix; commenting on the coupling.
Find the steady state amplitude of the masses.

Fig.3

8 marks

4. Continuous systems vibration (10 marks)

(a) For the torsional vibration of a rod whose both ends are free, determine the natural frequencies. Clearly
mention the boundary conditions. Assume the usual meaning of the symbols, m, L, G, E, Ip, , x, t. 3 marks
(b) Verify the boundary conditions and find the fundamental natural frequency of the lateral vibration of a fixedfixed beam by the Energy Method, using the deflection curve ( x)

ax 2
( L x) 2 , where a is a constant, E
24 EI

is the Young's modulus of elasticity, I is the moment of inertia, L the length of the beam, and A the crosssectional area of the beam.
4 marks
x
(c) Find the forced vibration produced in an SS beam by a distributed load P( x, t ) Po sin sin t . Use the
L
mode-summation method and consider the first two modes. Assume the usual meaning of the symbols, m, L,
E, I, x, t.
3 marks
5. Added Mass (5 marks)
Define and formulate the following in terms of the 2-D added mass coefficient in heave a332D : A37, A73,
A57, A75, A77.
6. Ship vibration (5 marks)
(a) What is the excitation frequency of propeller-induced vibration (PIV)? Which part of the hull is the most
susceptible to it?
(b) Tall deckhouses in merchant vessels are subjected to what kind of harmonically excited vibration? What is
Strouhal number?
(c) Which modes of motion/vibration are excited by head/following sea, beam sea, and quartering seas?
(d) Define whipping and springing.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to the Examinee
1) Bring pen, pencil, eraser, ruler, set squares, compass, protractor, dividers.
2) Draw top and left margins on each page of 1 cm thickness. Put page numbers on the top right hand corner (North East).
3) Separate all answers by horizontal lines. Write horizontally, and not sloping upwards /downwards.
4) You are not permitted draw with the pen. Do not do free hand drawing.
5) All equations must have its units written at the right end in brackets.
6) Write legibly. Unacceptably poor handwriting will cause you to lose marks.
7) All answers must be self-explanatory : you should not need to return to the teacher and re-explain your answers in person!
8) Utilize the paper efficiently : do not leave blanks on left and right. Highlight the final answers in boxes.
9) Do not scratch on the script : strike out omitted parts neatly with a diagonal ruled pencil line.
10) All equations need to be numbered. All figured need to be numbered. All graphs/diagrams must be neatly labeled.
11) Rough work may be done in the rough column on the right hand side of each page. Make it not more than 2 inches wide.
12) Have a nomenclature on Page zero of your answer script, with symbols, quantities, and units.

Page 2 of 2

Indian Institute of Technology, Khllflllpnr

Ocean Engineering and Naval Arch Itlolu re
B.Tech(NA&OE)
13rdYear
Vibratic)~ of Floating Structures
NA31007
V SEMMID EXAMINATION 2014
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Course:
Subject:
Sub. Code:

Date: 16.09.2014
Time: 2.00.- 4.00
Max. Marks: 50

1. Single DOF system vibration (12 marks)

a) Draw time-series plots for undamped, sub-critically damped, critically damped, and super-critically damped
vibration (on the same time series: do NOT make four separate plots).
b) Define resonance for a single DOF system. What is the amplification t'Mt9ffluning factor, phase difference
between the forcing and the response at resonance? What causes tbis phM~ d,f&mnce?
f
c) Determine the magnification factor of forced vibration produced by an oscillator, fixed at the middle of the
beam at a speed of 600 rpm. The weight concentrated at the middle of the beam is W = 5000 N and produced
a static deflection of the beam equal to OSI = 0.025 cm. Neglect the weight of the beam and assume that the
damping is equivalent to a force acting at the middle of the beam proportional to the velocity and equal to 500
Nat a velocity of z.Scms..
~
/#/'09
...
,
d) What is logarithmic decrement? What is the nature of the decrement in Coulomb damping?
e) How much energy is lost per cycle of vibration through the dash pot? How muchenergy is lost at resonance?

Marks:

2 +4 +4 +2 +2

= 12

2. Transient Vibration (6 marks)

A machine tool with a mass of 30 kg is mounted on an
undamped foundttltonofstiffness
1500 N/m. During

operation, it is subject to olieof

shown in Fig.t.

3000

the machining force

Use the principle of superposition and the convolution

integral to determine the response x(t) of the system.
05
Fig. 1
3.

t(s)

Transient force

Multi-DOF system vibration (12 marks)

'lg.2.,

T
.i

in

m
k

Fig. 2

2-DOF. system

Consider the 2-DOF system shows in

Frame the system of
Governing differential equations of forced vibrations. Consider both
the masses as Om' kg; and th@lntereonnecting spring of a spring
constant k' N/m .
Frame the Eigen Value problemforlNe-vibration.
For m = 1 kg, L = 1
FICO m, and k = 100 N/m, find the natural tfequencies (01 and (02. Find the
corresponding modeshapes {CDi} And {CD2}.
Solve for the amplitudes of vibration of x(1) and B(t) by matrix
methods. The forces have amplitudes of 1 N and an excitation
. frequency of'(co, + (02)/2.
Express the above solution as a superposition of the normal modes
{l>I} and {l>2} : what are the corresponding principal coordinates ql(/)
and q2(t)?
Marks: 2 + 4 -+ 4 + 2 = 12
Page 1 of2

4.

Energy Methods (10 marks)

Identical slender
rods oflen:~ L

k
1----- L -----I

and mass

JlI.

Use Lagrange's equations to drive the differential

.equations governing the motion of the 2-DOF
system show in F11-3. Use the indicated generalized
._ coordinates. Make 'linearlzlng assumptions; and
- . write the resulting equations in matrix formIndicate
whether
the system
is statically
coupled,'
dynamically coupled, neither, or both.

Fig.3

2 DOF system

I-LI4+L!4..
1- LIl -I

.5. Continuous systems vibration (10 marks)

li)',Determine the frequency equation of a free-free girder.
b) Why does a fully loaded ship vibrate less than the lightship condition?
c) A 5000 N m torque is statically applied to a the mid-span of a solid 20-em radius steel shaft with a length of
1.5 m, that is fixed at one end and free at its other end. (Shear modulus Ge 80 GPa, Density p = 7500 kg/rrr')
The torque is suddenly removed, and torsional oscillationsbegin. Determine the expression for the timedependent angular displacement of the free end of the shaft.
.
d) Calculate the wave speed of longitudinal waves in a 3-m long steel bar with a circular cross section of a 20
mm radius. Young's modulus E = 210 GPa, Density p = 7580 kglm3
-'

d-

5" " 2: b > 6....x

.Lee: ,
Marks: 4 + 1 + 3 + 2 = 10
----~---------------------------------------------------~I~--------------------=====:====~==-----------------------------Instructions to the Examinee (PLEASE READ CAREFULLY)
1) Bring pen, pencil, eraser, ruler, set squares, compass, protractor, dividers.
2) Draw top and left MARGINS on each page of 1 em thickness. Put page numbers on the top right hand corner
(North East).
..
.
3) Separate all answers by horirontallines. Write horizontally, and not sloping upwards Idownwards.
4) YOU ARE NOT PERMITTED DRAW WITH THE PEN. Do not do free hand drawing.
S) All equations must have.its units/dimensions written at the right end in brackets.
6) Write legibly. Unacceptably poor handwriting will cause you to lose marks.
7) All answers must be self-explanatory : you should not need to return to the teacher and re-explain your

answers in person!
8) Utilize the paper efficiently: do not leave blanks on left and right. Hi 1 t the tinal answers in boxes.
9) Do not scratch on the script: strike out omitted parts neatly with a tagona ru e pencil line.
10) All equations need to be numbered. All figured need to be numbered. All graphs/diagrams
must be neatly
labeled.
11) Rough work may be done in the rough column on the right hand side of each page. Make it not more than
inches wide.
12) Have a nomenclature list on Page zero of your answer script, with symbols, quantities, and units.

Page 2 of2

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture
B.Tech (NA&OE) / 3rd Year (49 students)
Vibration of Floating Structures
NA31007
V SEM MID EXAMINATION 2015
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Course:
Subject:
Sub. Code:

Date:
Time:
Max. Marks: 50

1. Single DOF system free and forced vibration (20 marks)

Consider a single DOF spring-mass-dashpot system, of mass m = 1 kg, attached to a spring of spring constant
k = 1 N/m, and a dashpot with 5% damping. Let it be given and initial positive velocity of 1 m/sec, without
any initial displacement.
(a) What is the first amplitude in metres?
(b) How many oscillations are required to decimate the amplitude (make it 1/10th)?
(c) What is the %age difference of the damped period from the undamped natural period?
(d) Draw the phase plane (displacement vs. velocity/frequency) of the first cycle of oscillation. Mark the
coordinates when the phase plane characteristic cuts each axis. Is it clock-wise or anticlock-wise?
(e) What is the ratio of the energy lost in the 1st cycle to that in the 5th cycle?
(f) Suppose the 1DOF spring-mass-dashpot system is excited by a harmonic for ( )
. What is
the phase difference between the force and the response at the half-power points.
(g) What is the tuning factor for the maximum amplification?
(h) What is the tuning factor post resonance for which the response is quasi-static?
(i) How much force gets transmitted to the base (from which the spring and the dashpot are attached)?
Marks : 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 20
2. Transient Vibration (7 marks)
m
h
x(t)
k

As shown in Fig.1, a mass m = 2 kg is dropped form a height h = 10

m over a massless platform, which supported over the ground by a
spring of constant k = 10 N/m, c = 1 N-sec/m. What is the
displacement x(t) of the platform as a function of time t. Express the
complementary function (due to the impact) and the particular
integral (due to the step function load).
What is the maximum acceleration experienced by the platform.

Fig.1
Drop Test

3. Added mass (5 marks)

Fig.2

Fig. 2 shows a deeply submerged inverted pendulum. The radius of

the spherical bob is R, whose centre of mass is at a distance L from
the articulated (hinged) joint at the sea-bed. The bob is made of a
light material of density 20% of the density of the water. The
movable cylindrical buoyancy chamber (shown as a dashed
rectangle), of length l m, radius r m, is located midway between the
superstructure centroid and the base, which is a torsional spring of
spring constant K N-m/rad. The rest of the column is a grillage,
providing negligible buoyancy and negligible added mass.
Find the natural frequency of angular oscillation of the ALP (similar
to an inverted pendulum, including the added mass of the bob and the
buoyancy chamber. Hint : Apply Strip theory for the buoyancy
chamber.
Page 1 of 2

4. Multi-DOF system vibration (8 marks)

A large machine has a mass of 200 kg and is mounted on an undamped
elastic foundation of stiffness 2.5106 N/m as shown in Fig.3 During
operation at 110 revolutions per second, the machine is subject to a
harmonic force of magnitude 2200 N.
(a) Determine the steady-state amplitude of the machine as it operates.
(b) Determine the required stiffness of an undamped vibration absorber
of mass 20 kg such that steady-state vibrations of the machine are
eliminated during operation.

Fig. 3 Vibration attenuator

5. Continuous systems vibration (5 marks)

A steel shaft ( = 7850 kg/m3, G = 85 109 N/m2) with an inner radius of 30 mm, outer radius of 50 mm, and
length of 1.0 m is fixed at both ends. Determine the three lowest natural frequencies of the shaft.
6. Vibration in life (5 marks)
What is the difference between female and male voice? Why and how does human voice change at teenage?
Why does self-voice sound shriller when played back after recording? Why is every voice unique in this
world (which helps us recognize people)?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to the Examinee
1) Bring pen, pencil, eraser, ruler, set squares, compass, protractor, dividers.
2) Draw top and left margins on each page of 1 cm thickness. Put page numbers on the top right hand corner (North East).
3) Separate all answers by horizontal lines. Write horizontally, and not sloping upwards /downwards.
4) You are not permitted draw with the pen. Do not do free hand drawing.
5) All equations must have its units written at the right end in brackets.
6) Write legibly. Unacceptably poor handwriting will cause you to lose marks.
7) All answers must be self-explanatory : you should not need to return to the teacher and re-explain your answers in
person!
8) Utilize the paper efficiently : do not leave blanks on left and right. Highlight the final answers in boxes.
9) Do not scratch on the script : strike out omitted parts neatly with a diagonal ruled pencil line.
10) All equations need to be numbered. All figured need to be numbered. All graphs/diagrams must be neatly labeled.
11) Rough work may be done in the rough column on the right hand side of each page. Make it not more than 2 inches wide.
12) Have a nomenclature on Page zero of your answer script, with symbols, quantities, and units.

Page 2 of 2