MT S BIN PHP NNG CAO CHT LNG DY HC

THNG QUA VIC KHAI THC MI LIN H

GIA KIN THC VT L V KIN THC SINH HC
PGS.TS. Nguyn Tn L TS. L Thanh Huy
(Trng i hc S phm i hc Nng)
TM TT
Thng qua vic thit lp s tng quan gia kin thc vt l b tr v kin thc
sinh hc; phn tch thc trng dy hc sinh hc ti cc trng i hc, chng ti rt
ra mt s nhn nh v mi quan h ny: kin thc vt l i cng cha bm st
chng trnh o to sinh hc, mt s ni dung tha hoc t lin quan, mt s ni dung
cn thiu cn b sung. Trn c s xut mt s bin php ci thin nh: thit k
ni dung ca hc phn vt l i cng dnh ring cho sinh vin sinh hc, phn tch r
mi lin h gia kin thc vt l v kin thc sinh hc khi ging dy, xy dng mt s
ni dung trong vic dy tch hp gia vt l v sinh hc.
T kha: Dy hc sinh hc, chng trnh o to sinh hc, kin thc vt l i
cng, kin thc sinh hc, dy hc tch hp.
1. t vn
Sinh hc l khoa hc nghin cu cu trc v cc qu trnh chc nng ca s sng,
khng nhng ch c nghin cu c th sng cc cp t chc m cn lin quan n
nhng ngnh khoa hc khc, c bit l cc ngnh khoa hc t nhin, th hin qua
nhng nghin cu v phng sinh hc hoc vn dng kin thc khoa hc t nhin l
gii cc vn sinh hc.
Theo l lun dy hc i hc, qu trnh dy hc tn ti vi t cch l mt h
thng, nn cn c xem xt xc nh cc thnh t vi v tr ca n v mi quan h bin
chng gia cc thnh t vi nhau [2].
Trong bi cnh i mi gio dc hin nay, t ra nhim v ging dy theo phng
thc tch hp, cn thit phi xy dng mi lin h kin thc lin ngnh, lin mn trong
vic gii quyt, tm hiu cc s kin, cc vn t thc tin [3].
Thc t cho thy, trong chng trnh o to sinh hc bc i hc c rt nhiu
hc phn c kin thc lin quan n kin thc vt l hoc s dng kin thc vt l lm
c s [4]. Tuy nhin phn kin thc vt l i cng b tr cha c xy dng y
hoc mi c thit k chung cho tt c cc ngnh thuc khi khoa hc t nhin v k
thut nn cha c su st vi kin thc sinh hc, cha p ng tt vic ging dy
sinh hc.
Trn c s phn tch mi lin h gia kin thc vt l trong chng trnh gio dc
i cng v kin thc sinh hc, chng ti xut mt s bin php gp phn nng cao
cht lng dy hc sinh hc ti cc trng i hc.

2, Kt qu nghin cu
2.1. Nhng kin thc sinh hc c lin quan n kin thc vt l
hc tp tt kin thc sinh hc, sinh vin cn phi c b tr cc kin thc
ca cc ngnh hc khc trong phn kin thc gio dc i cng. Trn cch tip cn
dng kin thc vt l i cng tm hiu, gii thch cu trc v qu trnh sinh hc,
chng ti a ra bng m t s lin quan gia kin thc sinh hc v kin thc vt l.
Nu sinh vin c trang b tt nhng kin thc vt l c lin quan, s d dng tip thu
tt cc kin thc sinh hc (bng 1).
Bng 1. S tng quan gia kin thc sinh hc v kin thc vt l
trong chng trnh o to sinh hc

Cu trc
t bo

Cu to
c th

Qu trnh
sinh l
chung

Kin thc sinh hc

Cu to ph hp vi chc nng
Cu to mng membran. Cu to thnh
t bo s cp, th cp
Hnh dng v s sp xp cc bo quan.
S gp np ca mng lm tng din tip
xc ca cc bo quan
Trng thi sol, gel, coaxeva ca nguyn
sinh cht
Cu trc h thng c th sinh vt
Hnh dng v cu to c th (thon,
nhn, cng chc)
H c xng, chi, vy ng vt
Cu to mt v thu knh
Tng quan gia r v cc b phn trn
mt t nhm m bo trng tm cn
bng gip cy ng vng
S sp xp ca b l trn cy
Trao i ion gia mi trng v mng
t bo. Lc tnh in, lc hp dn
Vn tc phn ng ha sinh v s ph
thuc vo nhit , phn b phn t,
nng lng hot ha
S hp th v vn chuyn nc, bi
xut nc ra khi c th.
in sinh hc. in th mng t bo,
in tch b mt hp ph ion in di.
dn in, in tr, in dung ca t
bo v m. Xung thn kinh. Hin tng
phn cc trong t bo
S hp thu nh sng. Mt quang

Kin thc vt l
C hc
Nhit hc: ng hc phn t

Nhit hc: ng hc phn t

C hc: ng lc hc
Quang hc
C hc: ng lc hc
Quang hc
in hc: tnh in
C hc
Nhit hc: ng hc phn t
C hc
Nhit hc: ng hc phn t
in hc: tnh in
in hc: tnh in
Quang hc

Qu trnh
sinh l
ng vt,
ngi

Qu trnh
sinh l
thc vt

Sinh thi
hc

Tc dng ca tia sng n sc i vi

sinh vt, tia hng ngoi, tia t ngoi
Phng x sinh vt hc, ng dng nghin
cu ng v phng x
in tr t bo ng vt. in dn sut
ca mu
Hin tng pht quang sinh vt
Xc nh thnh phn cc hp cht ha
sinh bng phng php khc x, in di
Sinh l dn truyn thn kinh. Dn
truyn cc cht qua da, dn truyn ca
bch cu n cc vng b vim
Tnh thm ca t bo v m thc vt, p
sut thm thu
Cc dng nc trong khe t: nc
trng lc, nc mao dn,
Qu trnh vn chuyn trong mch dn
(lc y ca r, lc ht do ca l, lc
bm ca thnh mch
Qu trnh ng m t bo l kh
Bn cht pha sng ca quang hp, s
pht hunh quang v ln quang. Di
chuyn nng lng.
Chu trnh sinh hc gn vi chu trnh vt
cht
S phn tng thng ng v phn b
ngang ca sinh vt
S thch nghi gia c th v mi
trng. Nhp sinh hc
Nng lng sinh hc v s bo tn nng
lng sinh hc

Quang hc
Vt l ht nhn nguyn t
in hc: tnh in
Quang hc
in hc: tnh in
Quang hc
in hc: tnh in
Nhit hc: ng hc phn t
Nhit ng hc: cht lng
C hc
Nhit ng hc
Quang hc
Nhit ng hc
Nhit ng lc hc
Quang hc
C hc
Nhit hc
Nhit ng hc

2. Thc trng v vic dy hc nhng kin thc sinh hc c lin quan n kin thc
vt l
Trong chng trnh o to cc ngnh sinh hc ti cc trng i hc, phn kin
thc vt l b tr c xp vo khi kin thc i cng, c ging dy trong khong
thi gian u kha hc (vo 3 hc k u tin) [4].
Thc t cho thy ni dung ging dy c nhng vn cn c xem xt, hiu
chnh cho ph hp nhm t c mc tiu dy hc, gip sinh vin nm vng bn cht
ca cc hin tng sinh hc, bit s dng kin thc vt l gii thch tng tn cc ni
dung sinh hc hoc bit vn dng kin thc vo vic gii quyt nhiu vn trong thc
t sinh ng. iu ny dn n 2 trng hp: hoc l a vo chng trnh nhng kin

thc vt l khng lin quan n sinh hc hoc b qua khng a vo cc ni dung vt l

cn thit cho sinh hc.
2.1. Ni dung ca cc hc phn Vt l i cng cn dn tri, cha bm st ni
dung sinh hc, c nhng phn khng lin quan n sinh hc
Chng trnh Vt l i cng dnh cho cc ngnh khng chuyn vt l gm cc
ni dung [1], c trnh by trong bng 2:
Bng 2: Ni dung kin thc vt l i cng trong chng trnh o to i hc
cc ngnh khng chuyn vt l
Mng kin thc
C hc

in hc, t hc

Nhit hc
Dao ng v sng
Quang hc
Vt l lng t

Ni dung c th
- ng hc cht im
- ng lc hc cht im
- Chuyn ng ca vt rn
- Trng hp dn
- Cng v c nng
- C hc tng i
- Trng tnh in
- Vt dn
- in mi
- T trng
- Hin tng cm ng in t
- Tnh cht t ca cc cht
- in t trng
- Thuyt ng hc phn t
- Cc nguyn l ca nhit ng lc hc
- Kh thc
- Dao ng
- Sng
- Giao thoa nh sng
- Nhiu x snh sng
- Phn cc nh sng
- Quang lng t
- C hc lng t
- Vt l nguyn t
- Ht nhn nguyn t

Qua bng 2, chng ti nhn thy khi lng kin thc vt l i cng b tr cho
cc ngnh tng i nhiu, thng c b tr thnh 4 tn ch l thuyt v 2 tn ch thc
hnh. im bt cp u tin l kh m bo c thi lng ca cc kin thc lin
ngnh trong chng trnh o to sinh hc. Trong c cu cc khi kin thc i cng
ca cc ngnh khoa hc t nhin v k thut, ngoi vt l ra cn phi dnh thi lng
cho ton, tin hc, ha, sinh c lin quan. Do vy, gn nh cc chng trnh o to
cc ngnh khng chuyn vt l ch dnh t l cho vt l i cng 2 tn ch l thuyt v
1 tn ch thc hnh (c trng hp ch hc l thuyt 2 tn ch, b qua phn thc hnh).
Phn kin thc vt l i cng c thit k thnh 2 hc phn:
- Vt l i cng 1: c hc, nhit hc, dao ng v sng
- Vt l i cng 2: in hc, t hc, quang hc, vt l lng t.
Theo khung chng trnh o to cc ngnh s phm cc trng hin nay, hu ht
cc ngnh khng chuyn vt l, cc trng i hc thng chn 1 trong 2 hc phn
xy dng chng trnh.
Trong chng sinh hc, nhiu ni dung vt l cha bm st chng trnh sinh
hc. Chng hn phn in hc ch nn dng li vic phn tch tnh in c lin quan

n in sinh hc v s dn truyn ca xung thn kinh. Phn quang hc, vt l lng t

cn tp trung phn tch bn cht ca nh sng phc v cho vic ging dy pha sng ca
quang hp, hin tng quang chu k, hin tng pht quang ca sinh vt; cu to v
tnh cht ca thu knh phc v cho vic ging dy cu to ca mt v cc tt ca mt.
Phn c hc, nhit hc tp trung phn tch c s vt l nhm cho sinh vin thy c
cu to c th sinh vt tin ha theo hng hon thin, ph hp vi quy lut c hc,
nguyn l bo tn vt cht v nng lng
2.2. Ni dung ca hc phn Vt l i cng cha p ng y vic b tr cho
ni dung sinh hc, cn c sp xp li
i chiu vi nhng kin thc vt l c lin quan n kin thc sinh hc c
trnh by trong bng 1 v kin thc vt l i cng trnh by trong bng 2, chng ti
nhn thy c nhng ni dung vt l cn thit cn c a vo ging dy hoc sp xp
li cho c h thng, st thc t.
Hin nay, trong chng trnh o to sinh hc ca cc trng, phn kin thc vt
l i cng thng c xy dng ni dung theo mt trong hai hng:
- C hc, nhit hc
- hoc Tnh in hc, in t hc, quang hc
(cc phn dao ng v sng, vt l nguyn t ht nhn a vo phn c thm)
V b hn ch v thi lng, nn khi chn mt hng tt yu s dn n trng
hp sinh vin b hng hoc cha y kin thc vt l c s; bi v kin thc o to
sinh hc yu cu trang b y kin thc vt l ca c hai mng kin thc vt l
trn, nhng vi mc ph hp.
2.3. Khi ging dy kin thc sinh hc, ging vin cha hoc t quan tm n vic cho
sinh vin lin h n kin thc nn vt l
Do kin thc vt l ca gio vin dy sinh hc mc c hn nn vic i su
vo cc kin thc vt l cha c ging vin ch trng. iu ny lm cho mc t
duy ca sinh vin cha c vn dng su trong vic gii thch c s khoa hc ca cc
hin tng sinh hc c lin quan n kin thc vt l, thiu i s gn kt gia ni dung
ca khi kin thc i cng v kin thc chuyn ngnh. T sinh vin cha nhn
thc ng n tm quan trng, vai tr ca phn kin thc i cng trong chng trnh
o to.
3. Nhng gii php ngh
T nhng phn tch trn, xy dng kin thc nn v vt l mt cch c h
thng nhm p ng tt cho vic ging dy ngnh Sinh hc, chng ti xut mt s
gii php nh sau:
u tin, cn thit k li ni dung ca hc phn Vt l i cng cho st vi
yu cu o to ca ngnh Sinh hc
iu ny to s gn kt cht ch gia ni dung cc khi kin thc trong chng
tnh o to, gim i cc ni dung khng lin quan v b sung, i su hn nhng ni

dung cn thit cho vic ging dy sinh hc nh phn tch phn trn, khc phc
c s g b v qu thi gian khi b tr ging dy.
Khi xy dng chng trnh, Khoa Sinh hc v Khoa Vt l cn bn bc k
thit k ni dung ca hc phn Vt l i cng cho ph hp vi yu cu ca ngnh
Sinh hc.
Hai l, cn ch r ra cho sinh vin mi lin h gia kin thc vt l v kin
thc sinh hc nhm p ng tt nhu cu gia cung v cu
iu ny gp phn to cho sinh vin c ng c hc tp, hc c mc tiu, c mc
ch nhm hon thnh tt chng trnh o to C nhn Sinh hc. (y cng l vic
xy dng chun u ra ca hc phn Vt l i cng). Sinh vin cm nhn c s
lin hon, kt ni gia cc hc phn trong chng trnh o to, c c mi lin h hai
chiu gia kin thc vt l v kin thc sinh hc; t s nm vng v khc su kin
thc hn.
thc hin vic ny, c th tin hnh bin php:
- Ging vin dy Sinh hc phn tch ch ra kin thc vt l c s dng lm c
s cho vic tip thu kin thc sinh hc.
- Ging vin dy Vt l i cng phn tch ch ra kin thc s c vn dng khi
hc kin thc sinh hc.
Ba l, to iu kin cho vic dy tch hp lin mn trong chng trnh o to
s phm nhm gip sinh vin c kin thc hng dn cho hc sinh bit gii quyt
cc vn thc tin c lin quan n ni dung kin thc sinh hc v kin thc vt l
iu ny p ng ch trng i mi chng trnh o to, c bit rt c ngha
i vi sinh vin s phm trong vic xy dng cc bi hc tch hp lin mn phc v
cho i mi chng trnh gio dc trng ph thng.
Dy hc nu vn , dy hc theo d n l mt trong nhng phng php dy hc
tch cc, gip hc sinh bit cch vn dng sng to kin thc hc gii quyt
nhng vn thng gp trong cuc sng a dng. Chng hn mt s vn c lin
quan n c hai kin thc sinh hc v vt l nh:
- Gii thch thnh t bo, thnh mch dn, ng dn trong c th c kt cu bn
chc.
- Cc yu t gy nn bnh cao huyt p ngi.
- S sp xp hnh ch V ca n chim khi bay.
- Nng lng sinh hc.
- Cu to khung xng hm ca cc loi trn, rn thch hp cho vic nut nhng
con mi to.
-

Nhng bi hc thc t ny s gip sinh vin c c s nho nn, to s lin h

hu c gia kin thc vt l v kin thc sinh hc, nng cao cht lng o to.
3. Kt lun
Cht lng o to l s kt hp nhun nhuyn ca cc hp phn, cc khi kin
thc trong chng trnh o to. Gii quyt tt vic khai thc mi lin h gia kin thc
vt l v kin thc sinh hc chc chn s gp phn nng cho cht lng dy v hc sinh
hc cc trng i hc.
Ti liu tham kho
[1] Lng Duyn Bnh (1995), Vt l i cng (tp 1 v 2), NXB Gio dc, H Ni.
[2] Lu Xun Mi (2000), L lun dy hc i hc, NXB Gio dc, H Ni.
[3] Hng Tr (ch bin) (2015), Dy hc tch hp Pht trin nng lc hc sinh
(quyn 1 Khoa hc t nhin), NXB i hc S phm, H Ni.
[4] Chng trnh o to ngnh S phm Sinh hc
SOME MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF TEACHING
THROUGH THE EXPLOITATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN PHYSICAL KNOWLEDGE AND BIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Tan Le - Dr . Le Thanh Huy
(The University of Danang University of Education)
SUMMARY
Through the establishment of the correlation between physical
complementary knowledge and biological knowledge; analyze the
situation of teaching biology at the university, we have drawn a
number of comments on this relationship: general physics knowledge
is not sticking biology curriculum, some redundant content or less
relevant, a lack of content should be added. On that basis, has
proposed a number of measures to improve such as designing
contents of general physics module dedicated to biology students and
clarify the relationship between knowledge of the physical and
biological knowledge when teaching, build some content in integrated
teaching between physics and bioloby.
Keywords: Teaching biology, biology curriculum, knowledge of
general physics, knowledge of biology , integrated teaching.