KBR Purifier Technology & Project

Execution Options for Ammonia Plants

KBR Conference | May, 2013 | Dubai

Agenda

Introduction to Purifier Process

Technology Features and Benefits of
Purifier Process
Purifier Experience, Energy Consumption
& Reliability
Project Execution Options
Summary

2013 KBR, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Conventional Process
Set air
rate here

Steam

So H/N = 3 here
CO2

Air

PRIMARY
REFORMER

WHB
SHIFT &
CO2 REM

SECONDARY
REFORMER

METHANATION
& DRYERS

COMPRESSION

MAGNETITE
SYNTHESIS

NH3
Product
PURGE GAS
RECOVERY

ToFuel

T = ~1000 C
CH4=~0.35%
Natural
Gas

T = ~810 C
CH4=~11-12%

LoopPurge

P = 150-200
bar

KBR Purifier Process

H/N=3
Inerts ~0.3%

H/N=2
CH4
~2-3%
H/N=2

Steam

CO2

ExcessAir

PRIMARY
REFORMER

RecyclePurge

SECONDARY
REFORMER

WHB SHIFT
& CO2 REM

METHANATION
& DRYERS

PURIFIER

COMPRESSION

ToFuel
T = 710 C CH4
CH4 ~27-29%
Natural
Gas

SYNTHESIS

NH3
Product

P = 155 bar
T = 890 C CH4
CH4~1.5-2.5%

No purge gas unit needed!

Proprietary KBR Cryogenic Purifier

WasteGasto
Fuel

2C

2C
180C

Syngas
from
Dryers

H2
N2
CH4
A

4C

Vol%
6268
3035
23
~0.5

Syngasto
Compressor

H2/N2=3
Inert<0.3%

Purifier Cold Box Arrangement

WasteGas
ToFuel

H2

Purified
Syngasto
Compressor

Syngas
FromDryers

Generator
Expander

HIC

HIC

FeedEffluent
Exchanger

Rectifier

Nitrogen

Proprietary Cryogenic Purifier

Equipment Includes
Feed/Effluent
exchanger
Column
Cold Box Enclosure
Expander/Generator
(non proprietary)

Purifier Expander & Generator

Agenda

Introduction to PurifierTM Process

Technology Features and Benefits of
PurifierTM Process
PurifierTM Experience, Energy Consumption
& Reliability
Project Execution Options
Summary

2013 KBR, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Key Process Features of Purifier Process

Mild (low temperature) primary reforming

Gas turbine-drive on air compressor (optional)

Secondary reforming with excess air

CO2 removal with 2-stage aMDEA process

Cryogenic purification of syngas

Reduced equipment count in synloop

Key Mechanical Features of Purifier

Process

Down-fired primary reformer

Reforming at 42 bar exit SMR

Secondary reformer with no metallic burner

Vertical thermosiphon waste heat boiler

Brazed aluminum Purifier in cold box enclosure

Horizontal, 3-bed ammonia converter

Unitized chiller in synloop

Gas Turbine Driven Air Compressor

Air to GT
Process
Air

Fuel
Gas Turbine

Process Air Compressor

Process Air
to
Secondary
Reformer

Saves 0.4-0.5 Gcal/mt

Used since 1966

GTE
525 C

Radiant
Section

Primary Reformer with Gas Turbine

Mild Primary Reforming

Air to Secondary Reformer
Fuel

To Feed
Treatment

Feed
Air
Reformer
Outlet
710 oC

HP
BFW

Steam
ID Fan

Mixed Feed

Superheated Steam

Primary Reformer Smaller Size & Milder

Conditions
Single PR for up to 3,500 mtpd ammonia plant
without pre-reformer or reforming exchanger or High
flux Primary Reformer

Secondary Reforming with Excess Air

No burner

Excess Air

No metal parts
Primary
Reformer
Effluent

710 oC

890oC

To Reformed
Gas Boiler

Primary Reformer Comparison

No. of tubes
Tube Diameter, mm OD
Heat Flux, kcal/hr-m2
Radiant Duty
Tube Life, years
Catalyst Volume
Catalyst Life, years
Outlet Temperature, C
CH4 leak, vol % dry

Purifier

Conventional

65%
125
55,000
66%
12-25
85%
10+
710
25-30%

100%
110
76,000
100%
~10
100%
<5
800-840
10-12%

Secondary Reformer Comparison

Secondary Reformer
Outlet Temperature, C
Methane Leakage, % dry

Purifier
890
1.7

Conventional
1000
<0.3

Gas Turbine / Air Compressor

Reduce start-up steam and size of off-plot boiler
Reduce cooling water requirement
Energy efficient cogeneration system
Save 0.4 0.5 Gcal/t with GT

Proprietary KBR Boiler & Superheater

BFW
Make-up

125 bar
328 C

KBR Proprietary
Natural circulation
floating head design
Removable bundle

Syngas from
Secondary
Reformer

890

oC

360 C

Cooled
Syngas to
Shift

Steam to
superheat coil

Waste Heat Boiler - References

Client

Location

Start Up-Year

Capacity

Methanex

Chile

1988

NA

SCW

China

1990

600

Pusri 1B

Indonesia

1992

1350

Sherritt (1)

Canada

1993

1350

Gresik

Indonesia

1993

1350

Korashan

Iran

1995

1000

PLNL

Trinidad

1998

1850

PCS Nitrogen

Trinidad

1998

1850

Norsk Hydro (1)

Norway

1999

Zepu

China

2000

600

CNC

Trinidad

2002

1850

CNOOC

China

2003

1500

Waste Heat Boiler References

Client

Location

Start Up-Year

Capacity

N2000

Trinidad

2004

1850

PIM2

Indonesia

2004

1200

Kujiang 1B

Indonesia

2005

1000

BFPL

Australia

2006

2200

EBIC

Egypt

2009

2000

MHTL

Trinidad

2009

1850

Jianfeng

China

2010

1500

Pequiven, Moron

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Pequiven, Jose

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Pequiven, Puerto Nutrias

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Matix

India

U/C

2200

Waste Heat Boiler - References

Client

Location

Start Up-Year

Capacity

Matix

India

U/C

2200

Petrobras

Brazil

U/C

2200

Jaypee

India

U/C

2200

Tierra Del Fuego

Argentina

U/C

1500

BCIC

Bangladesh

U/C

1000

Kima

Egypt

U/C

1320

IFC

USA

U/C

2200

EPCL

Nigeria

U/C

2300

PAU

Indonesia

U/C

1900

Pusri

Indonesia

U/C

2200

Dyno Nobel

USA

U/C

2300

Shift Conversion
370 C

210 C

Syngas from
Boiler

Low Temperature
Shift Reactor

High Temperature
Shift Reactor

430 C

To CO2
Removal

230 C

Separator
BFW Heating &
Steam
Generation

70
Water
Cooler

Process
Cond.

BASF Carbon Dioxide Removal (OASE

Process using MDEA Solvent)
Flash Gases
to Fuel
~ 7 bar-g

Syngas to
Methanator

CO2@~0.6barg
LP Flash
Column

HP Flash
Column

Absorber
Stripper

Hydraulic
Turbine

Syngas
from LTS
LP Steam or
HP BFW

Reboiler

Demin
Water

Process
Cond.

BASF aMDEA CO2 Removal Systems

Used by KBR in New Ammonia Plants
Client

Location

Year

System

Heat Input Kcal/Kgmole of CO2

BASF

Germany

1982

2-Stage

10,200

Yara # D

Netherlands

1982

2-Stage

10,200

Yara # E

Netherlands

1987

2-Stage

10,200

Sinopec

China

1997

2-Stage

13,900

CNOOC

China

2003

2-Stage

7,700

PIM2

Indonesia

2004

1-Stage

22,000

Kujang 1B

Indonesia

2004

1-Stage

19,900

BFPL

Australia

2006

2-Stage

8,700

MHTL

Trinidad

2009

1-Stage

21,000

Jianfeng

China

2010

2-Stage

~7,000

BASF aMDEA CO2 Removal Systems

Used by KBR in New Ammonia Plants
Client

Location

Year

Capacity mtpd

Pequiven, Moron

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Pequiven, Jose

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Pequiven, PN

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Matix

India

U/C

2200

Tierra Del Fuego

Argentina

U/C

1500

Petrobras

Brazil

U/C

2200

Jaypee

India

U/C

2200

Kaltim 5

Indonesia

U/C

2700

BASF aMDEA CO2 Removal Systems

Used by KBR in New Ammonia Plants
Client

Location

Year

Capacity mtpd

BBCI

Bangladesh

U/C

1000

Kima

Egypt

U/C

1320

IEPCL

Nigeria

U/C

2300

IFC

USA

U/C

2300

YPFB

Bolivia

U/C

1200

Pusri IIB

Indonesia

U/C

2000

PAU

Indonesia

U/C

1900

Dyno Nobel

USA

U/C

2300

Methanation & Drying

Cryogenic
Purifier
Dryers

Waste Gas
to Fuel

Methanator
4 oC

Syngas
from
CO2 Absorber

CW

NH3

Pure, Dry
Syngas to
Compressor

Synloop
Purge
Process
Condensate
to Stripper

Proprietary KBR Cryogenic Purifier

Waste Gas to
Fuel

2C

2C
-180 C

Syngas
from
Dryers

H2
N2
CH4
A

4C

Vol%
62-68
30-35
2-3
~0.5

Syngas to
Compressor

H2/N2 = 3
Inert <0.3%

Purifier Cold Box Arrangement

WasteGas
ToFuel

H2

Purified
Syngasto
Compressor

Syngas
FromDryers

Generator
Expander

HIC

HIC

FeedEffluent
Exchanger

Rectifier

Nitrogen

Proprietary Cryogenic Purifier

Equipment Includes
Feed/Effluent
exchanger
Column
Cold Box Enclosure
Expander/Generator
(non proprietary)

Purifier Expander & Generator

Syngas Purification Comparison

Purifier

Conventional

Purified Syngas
Percent Inert
Moisture
CO2

<0.3
dry
0

>1
wet syngas
5-10 ppm

PG H2 Recovery

Integral

Separate Unit

H2/N2 Ratio Control

Catalyst Deactivation

Simple & Precise

Full
Production

Complex
Reduced Production
or Shutdown

Synthesis Loop
Syngas
from
Purifier
HP
Steam

Synloop
Purge

Syngas
Compressor

2C
31 bar

BFW

Refrigeration
Compressor
155 bar

Unitized
Chiller
Horizontal
Converter

Let Down
Drum

CW

To Ammonia
Accumulator

HP
Separator

Horizontal Converter - Features

Three stages of catalytic synthesis

3rd stage divided in to two beds

Cold wall design

Feed to 1st bed heated by 2 internal exchangers

Shell flanged at one end for basket removal

41 horizontal converters operating or in design

3-Bed Horizontal Intercooled

Ammonia Converter
Man ways

BYPASS
INLET

OUTLET

BED 3B

BED 3A

BED 2

BED 1

MAIN
INLET

KBR can provide single converter up to 3,500

mtpd ammonia plant cold wall design
NO HOT WALL CONVERTER

Flange
TI

Proprietary Ammonia Converter

2200 mt/d Plant

Horizontal Converter - Benefits

Fewer pieces of equipment & less piping

Lower capital cost
Lower maintenance cost

Cold Wall Design

Made of 1.25 Cr
Less prone to cracking than hot wall designs

Lower loop pressure drop

Lower operating cost

Basket Removal
Expensive overhead crane not needed
Basket rolls out on tracks

Horizontal Synthesis Converter References

Client

Location

Start Up-Year

Capacity

Nihon

Japan

1971

1650

Sherritt-Gordon

Canada

1983

1000

UCAM

Netherlands

1984

1360

Ocelot

Canada

1986

545

Koch Nitrogen

USA

1986

1530

NCFC

Saudi Arabia

1988

1500

Kemira Oy

UK

1989

825

SCW

China

1990

600

Pusri 1B

Indonesia

1992

1350

Gresik

Indonesia

1993

1350

Korashan

Iran

1995

1000

Inner Mongolia

China

1997

1000

Jiu Jiang

China

1997

1000

Horizontal Synthesis Converter References

Client

Location

Start Up-Year

Capacity

Lanzhou

China

1997

1000

Pak-American

Pakistan

1997

600

Chambal

India

1999

1350

Zepu

China

2000

600

CNOOC

China

2003

1500

PIM2

Indonesia

2004

1200

Kujiang 1B

Indonesia

2005

1000

BFPL

Australia

2006

2200

Jianfeng

China

2010

1500

Pequiven, Jose

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Pequiven, Puerto Nutrias

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Horizontal Synthesis Converter References

Client

Location

Start Up-Year

Capacity

Pequiven, Puerto Nutrias

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Matix

India

U/C

2200

Petrobras

Brazil

U/C

2200

Jaypee

India

U/C

2200

TDF

Argentina

U/C

1500

Kaltim 5

Indonesia

U/C

2700

BCIC

Bangladesh

U/C

1000

Kima

Egypt

U/C

1320

IEPCL

Nigeria

U/C

2300

IFC

USA

U/C

2200

PAU

Indonesia

U/C

1900

Pusri 2

Indonesia

U/C

2000

Refrigeration System - 4-stage Design

Condenser
Refrigeration
Compressor

Ammonia
Accumulator

HP Case

LP Case

NH3 from
LetdownDrum

Unitized Chiller
30-40oC

Warm NH3 Product

-33oC

Cold NH3 Product

Unitized Exchanger - Features

Replaces several chillers, recycle

exchangers and separators
Number of stages = 2 - 4
Reduces expensive HP pipe & fittings
Lowers loop pressure drop
Uses less plot area
Ease of operation
52 Unitized Chillers operating or in design

Unitized Exchanger System

NH3
AMMONIA
Refrigerant
REFRIGERANT

To Refrigeration Compressor

From NH3
Converter

RECYCLE To
GASSyngas

Compressor

Ammonia
Product

Unitized Exchanger - Benefits

Fewer pieces of equipment

Lower capital cost
Lower maintenance cost

Less piping & fewer fittings

Lower capital cost

Lower loop pressure drop

Lower operating cost

Operator friendly

Unitized Chiller - References

Client

Location

Start Up-Year

Capacity

Ocelot

Canada

1986

545

Kemira Oy

UK

1989

825

SCW

China

1990

600

Pusri 1B

Indonesia

1992

1350

Gresik

Indonesia

1993

1350

Korashan

Iran

1995

1000

Inner Mongolia

China

1997

1000

Jiu Jiang

China

1997

1000

Lanzhou

China

1997

1000

Pak-American

Pakistan

1997

600

PLNL

Trinidad

1998

1850

PCS Nitrogen

Trinidad

1998

1850

Unitized Chiller References (continued)

Client

Location

Start Up-Year

Capacity

Zepu

China

2000

600

CNC

Trinidad

2002

1850

CNOOC

China

2003

1500

N2000

Trinidad

2004

1850

PIM2

Indonesia

2004

1200

Kujiang 1B

Indonesia

2005

1000

BFPL

Australia

2006

2200

EBIC

Egypt

2009

2000

MHTL

Trinidad

2009

1850

Jianfeng

China

2010

1500

Pequiven Moron

Venezuela

U/C

1850

Pequiven Jose

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Unitized Chiller References (continued)

Client

Location

Start Up-Year

Capacity

Pequiven PN

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Matix

India

U/C

2200

Petrobras

Brazil

U/C

2200

Jaypee

India

U/C

2200

Kaltim 5

Indonesia

U/C

2700

BCIC

Bangladesh

U/C

1000

TDF

Argentina

U/C

1500

Kima

Egypt

U/C

1320

IEPCL

Nigeria

U/C

2300

IFC

USA

U/C

2200

PAU

Indonesia

U/C

1900

Pusri 2

Indonesia

U/C

2000

Proprietary Unitized Chiller

Syngas Conversion Comparison

Purifier
Compressor Power, kWh/mt
Syngas
210-230
Refrigeration (warm)
60-70
H.P. Steam Superheater

yes

Catalyst Life, years

Inerts in Converter feed

>18
3%

Conventional
240-300
100-130
no
10
8-12%

Agenda

Introduction to PurifierTM Process

Technology Features and Benefits of
PurifierTM Process
Purifier Experience, Energy Consumption &
Reliability
Project Execution Options
Summary

2013 KBR, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Purifier Plant Experience

Plant

Location

Year

MTPD

Unocal

USA

1966

680

Kemira

Netherlands

1968

1360

First Miss

USA

1968

900

Asahi

Japan

1971

900

Yara # C

Netherlands

1971

900

PCS N2

USA

1978

1360

BASF

Germany

1982

1360

Yara # D

Netherlands

1984

1500

Yara # E

Netherlands

1987

1750

Yara TR2

Trinidad

1988

1360

Purifier Plant Experience (Continued)

Plant

Location

Year

MTPD

Jinxi

China

1993

1000

Jianfeng

China

1993

1000

Sichuan

China

1995

1000

Sinopec/UGPW

China

1997

1000

Safco

Saudi Arabia

1999

1500

CNOOC

China

2003

1500

BFPL

Australia

2006

2200

Jianfeng

China

2010

1500

Pequiven Jose

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Pequiven Puerto Nutrias

Venezuela

U/C

1800

Purifier Plant Experience (Continued)

Plant

Location

Year

MTPD

Kribhco Revamp # 1

India

2012

1890

Kribhco Revamp # 2

India

2012

1890

NFL

India

U/C

950

Matix

India

U/C

2200

Jaypee

India

U/C

2200

Tierra Del Fuego

Argentina

U/C

1500

Petrobras

Brazil

U/C

2200

Purifier Plant Experience (Continued)

Plant

Location

Year

MTPD

Kaltim 5

Indonesia

U/C

2700

BCIC

Bangladesh

U/C

1000

Kima

Egypt

U/C

1320

IEPCL

Nigeria

U/C

2300

IFC

USA

U/C

2200

YPFB

Bolivia

U/C

1200

Pusri IIB

Indonesia

U/C

2000

PAU

Indonesia

U/C

1900

Dyno Nobel

USA

U/C

2300

History of Energy Consumption

11

Gcal/mt - LHV

10
9
8
7
6
5

THEORETICAL MINIMUM

1970

1975 1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

Proven Low Energy Consumption

BASF - 1982
Gcal/MT of NH3
Natural Gas
Expected
Feed
Fuel
Subtotal
Export Steam
Net
Electricity
Total Energy

6.06
1.72
7.78
-1.52
6.26
0.27
6.53

CNOOC Performance Test Data -2003

(ISBL, with Feed Gas Compressor, GT, warm NH3)

Gcal/MetricTonofNH3(LHV)
Natural Gas

Measured

Expected

Feed

6.25

6.32

Fuel

1.93

1.91

Subtotal

8.18

8.23

Export Steam

-1.72

-1.75

Net

6.46

6.48

Electricity

0.03

0.03

Total Energy

6.49

6.51

KBR can offer < 6.25 Gcal/MT for new

plants depending upon the site and gas conditions

Proven Reliability KBR Ammonia Plants

Plant Survey International worldwide survey for 2000-`01

Top 3 longest runs are for KBR plants
4 of the top 5; 6 out of top 10 longest runs are KBR plants
KBR Purifier plants have 3.6% service factor advantage over
non-KBR plants
Service factor

Longest run

Non-KBR Plants

90.6%

385 days

KBR Conventional

92.7%

432 days

KBR Purifier

94.2%

624 days

All Plants

91.5%

424 days

Proven Reliability KBR Ammonia

Plants

Ammonia Plant in USA ran for 1395 days

Ammonia Plant in The Netherlands
has averaged 95.5% stream factor
ran for 934 consecutive days
ran for 1375 days consecutive days

Ammonia Plant in The Netherlands

has averaged 97.3% stream factor
ran for 960 consecutive days

Purifier Process Summary

KBR Purifier technology is one of the best

ammonia technology
Proven lowest energy consumption
Highest proven reliability
Design features like Purifier, smaller
primary reformer, and optimized synthesis
loop also lower capital cost

Flexibility of Purifier Design

Allows variable steam production

Vary primary reformer outlet temperature
Vary amount of process air

Able to handle feed variations

CNOOC feed N2 ranges from 15% to 19%
CNOOC feed CO2 ranges from 16% to 26%

Gas turbine simplifies start-up

GT is a self contained power unit
Minimizes start up steam needed

Flexibility of Purifier Design (Contd)

Simple and precise H2/N2 ratio control

Maintain production despite catalyst

deactivation

Protects syn catalyst from water breakthrough

Purifier stabilizes entire plant operation

Bottom line - user friendly process

Agenda

Introduction to Purifier Process

Technology Features and Benefits of
Purifier Process
Purifier Experience, Energy Consumption &
Reliability
Project Execution Options
Summary

2013 KBR, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Project Execution Options

Project Execution Options depend upon one

major decision by Owner
Owner selects first technology
Owner does not select first technology

Project Execution Options

If owner selects technology first, Licensors

prepares BED and then owner has following
options
Option A: Reimbursable or Cost Plus
Option B: Open Book - Convertible LSTK
Option C: Competitive EPC Bidding based on
Licensors BED

Project Execution Options

If owner does not select technology first,

Owner
Prequalifies contractors for various
technologies
Prepares ITB
Invites LSTK bids from contractors
This is Option D

Project Execution Options

Option A

Option A: Reimbursable or Cost Plus.

Licensor executes BED. Owner
Selects DEC to develop material take offs (MTO)
Procures equipment with assistance of
Licensor/DEC
Selects & contracts for the construction

Project Execution Options - Option B

Open Book Contract Convertible LSTK

License and BED fees are fixed
Engineering fees/rates for reimbursable work
fixed
Fee for profit, residual risk, contingency
determined
Agreement on LDs, contract terms and
conditions

Option B: OPEN BOOK CONTRACT CONVERTIBLE LSTK

ANALYSE/
NEGOTIATE/
AWARD

OWNER
LICENSOR/EPC
CONTRACTOR

Phase 1 TENDER
PERIOD

- Fixed License Fee

Engineering services
reimbursable rates
- Agreed-to Fee for Profit,
Residual Risk and
Contingency
- Agreement on LDs
- Agreement on Terms and
Conditions (T&C) for
Phase 1 & 2

At Tenderers Cost

ANALYSE/
NEGOTIATE/
AWARD
PHASE 2 EXECUTION
PERIOD

MANAGE AND
CONTROL
PHASE 3 EXECUTION
PERIOD

ENGINEERING
PROCUREMENT
(IF REQUIRED)
OPEN BOOK
ESTIMATE

CONVERT TO
LUMP SUM

Reimbursable

ENGINEERING
PROCUREMENT
CONSTRUCTION
COMMISSIONING

Lump Sum

Project Execution Options - Option C

Competitive EPC Bidding based on

Licensors BED
Licensor executes BED
Licensor prepares requisitions for Long Lead
Items (LLI)
Licensor does sufficient FEED work to prepare
MTO for critical and large ticket items
Owner/Licensor prepare ITB for LSTK bids
Owner selects LSTK contractor

Option C Competitive EPC Bidding

based Licensors BED

OWNER
LICENSOR

ANALYSE/
NEGOTIATE/
AWARD
Phase 1 BED/FEED
- License Fee Agree

- BED Fee fixed

- Long Lead Item
Requisition
- Limited FEED Work
- Tender for LSTK

ANALYSE/
NEGOTIATE/
AWARD
PHASE 1 AWARD PHASE
ISUUE ITB TO
SELECTED
CONTRACTORS
PROCUREMENT
(LLI)
SELECT
CONTRACTOR
AWARD LUMPSUM
CONTRCT

FIXED FEE

Reimbursable

MANAGE AND CONTROL

PHASE 2 EXECUTION PHASE

ENGINEERING
PROCUREMENT
CONSTRUCTION
COMMISSIONING

Lump Sum

Project Execution Options

Option D - LSTK

Owners goes for LSTK contract

Owner pre-qualifies contractors 4~6 months
Owner prepares a detail ITB requiring time and
efforts usually 4~6 six months
Contractors submits bids in 4~6 months
Technical & commercial clarifications lasting 2~3
months
Final Commercial bids 2~3 months
Contractor Selection Total time 12 ~ 18 months
Contractor executes Project in 33~36 months
Total Schedule 46~60 months

Comparison of Options
Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

Select
Technology First

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Description of
EPC Phase

Cost Plus or
Reimbursable

OBE converted
to LSTK

LSTK bids based

on Licensor BED

LSTK bid for

entire scope

TIC

Lowest

Medium

Medium (-)

Highest

Schedule

30~32 months

32~34months

34~36 months

+ 48 months

Quality

Highest

Highest (-)

Medium

Medium

Owners Risk

Highest

Medium (-)

Medium

Lowest

Agenda

Introduction to Purifier Process

Technology Features and Benefits of
Purifier Process
Purifier Experience, Energy Consumption &
Reliability
Project Execution Options
Summary

2013 KBR, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Summary

Option A is best in a competitive environment.

However client should have capability to accept risk
and strong project management team.
In case client cant accept risk then it should be
better to explore option B or C
LSTK option is the most expensive option and takes
longest time to implement
KBR has extensive basic/detail design available for
long lead equipment for plant sizes 1500 ~2,700
MTPD ammonia plant. This will result in lowest TIC
and shortest schedule to implement

KBR Purifier Technology & Project

Execution Options for Ammonia Plants
KBR Conference | May, 2013 | Dubai