TRNG I HC CN TH

KHOA CNG NGH

BI KIM TRA GIA K

MN HC

KHOA HC AN TON V BO H LAO NG

(CN155)

Gio vin hng dn:

Sinh vin thc hin:

BI THIN CHNH

CHU VN BNH
MSSV: B1208912
Ngnh: C Kh Ch To My K38
TD: 0939 767 543

NI DUNG

Cu 1:
Lp bng thng k tnh hnh tai nn lao ng nc ta trong vng 10 nm qua.
1.1 Mi nm 3 bng

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm
Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng
Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

1.2 V biu Pie cho bng 3

Cu 2:
Lp bng thng k tnh hnh tai nn lao ng nc ta trong vng 10 nm qua.
2.1 Lp 3bng thng k tng hp cho 10 nm (2005 2014), tng t nh cu 1.
2.2 V biu Pie cho bng 3
Cu 3:
Tm tt nguyn nhn xy ra cc v TNL

BI LM
Tng s
v TNL

Tng s
ngi b
nn

Tng s S ngi S ngi

Nn
v TNL
cht
b
nhn l
cht
thng
lao ng
ngi
nng
n
4050
4164
443
447
1026
Cu 1: Lp bng thng k tnh hnh tai nn lao ng nc ta trong vng 10 nm
qua (2005 2014).
Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2005

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phg

Thnh ph HCM
Qung Ninh
ng Nai
H Ni
H Ty
Bnh Dng
Thanh Ha
Bnh nh
Hi Phng
Nng

S v

543
256
1207
98
48
226
54
63
284
55

S v
cht
ngi
64
34
29
23
22
22
16
15
14
14

S ngi
b nn
572
265
1219
105
51
226
55
63
288
65

S ngi
cht
66
42
29
24
23
22
16
15
15
14

S ngi b
thng
nng
10
132
160
40
29
0
39
48
64
17

Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh nghip

Xy lp cng
trnh xy
dng

S v

1521

S v c
ngi
cht

S ngi
b nn

S lao
ng n

S
ngi
cht
172

S ngi b
thng
nng

416
Khai thc
than
368
C kh ch
to
Sn xut vt 325
liu xy dng

68
40
38

Biu th hin nhng lnh vc xy ra nhiu

TNL nghim trng nm 2005

Lnh vc xy ra tay nn lao ng

Xy dng

Khai thc than

ch to my

sn xut vt liu xy dng

Bng 1 Thng k ca nm 2006

Tng s
v TNL

Tng s
ngi b
nn

S v
TNL cht
ngi

S ngi
cht

S ngi
b thng
nng

5881

6088

505

536

1142

Nn nhn
l lao
ng n

Bng 2 Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

S v cht
ngi

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng
nng

a phng

S v

S ngi
b nn

TP H Ch Minh

782

798

101

103

99

H Ni

152

158

16

16

50

ng Nai

872

882

30

31

57

Bnh Dng

1316

1322

20

20

20

Qung Ninh

253

306

41

59

131

Long An

27

34

15

22

12

Cn Th

25

25

13

13

B Ra - Vng
Tu

44

44

11

11

22

Hi Phng

227

286

10

10

83

Nng

39

42

13

13

Bng 3 Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh
nghip

S v

S v
c
ngi
cht

S
ngi b
nn

S lao
ng
n

S
ngi
cht

S
ngi b
thng
nng

Xy lp
cc cng
trnh xy
dng

258

C kh
ch to

78

Sn xut
vt liu
xy dng

15

Sn xut
hng tiu
dng

15

Biu Pie th hin nhng lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL

nghim trng nm 2006

Tng s
v TNL

Tng s
ngi b
nn

5951

6337

Tng s
v TNL
cht
ngi
505

S ngi
cht

621

S ngi
b
thng
nng
2553

Nn
nhn l
lao ng
n

Lnh vc xy ra tay nn lao ng

Xy dng

C kh ch to

Sn xut vt liu xy dng

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2007

Sn xut hng tiu dng

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phg

Thnh ph HCM
Qung Ninh
ng Nai
H Ni
Vnh Long
Bnh Dng
Ngh An
Long An
Hi Phng
Nng

S v

666
400
1117
183
5
653
63
35
89
36

S v
cht
ngi
117
42
23
17
57
23
22
20
19
17

S ngi
b nn
572
189
127
62
140
72
65
40
33
23

S ngi
cht
117
42
23
17
57
23
22
20
19
17

S ngi b
thng
nng
622
147
104
45
83
49
43
20
14
6

Bng 3 Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

S v
c
ngi
cht

S
ngi b
nn

S lao
ng
n

S
ngi
cht

Ngh
nghip

S v

Xy lp
cng trnh
xy dng

1766

276

Khai thc
khong
sn

769

89

Sn xut
vt liu
xy dng

296

32

C kh ch
to

464

46

S
ngi b
thng
nng

lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Xy lp cng trnh xy dng

sn xut vt liu xy dng

khai thc khon sn

c k ch to

Biu
Pie th hin nhng lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim
trng nm 2007

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2008

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phg

S v

Thnh ph HCM 361

Qung s
Ninh Tng350
Tng
s
ng
Nai
1699
v
TNL
ngi
b
H Ni
116
nn
Hi Dng
28
Bnh Dng
746
5836
6047
Vng Tu
62
Long An
24
Hi Phng
162
Bnh thun
45

S v
cht
ngi

87
Tng 31
s
28
v TNL
20
cht
16
ngi
26
508
18
20
12
14

S ngi
b nn

S ngi
cht

380
88
418 S ngi
41
S ngi
cht1703
b 31
126 thng25
19
nng 16
756
26
573
1262
64
20
34
25
170
18
45
14

S ngi b
thng
nng
36
Nn 210
nhn l 92
lao ng101
n 13
37
36
7
26
9

Bng 3 Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

S v
c
ngi
cht

S
ngi b
nn

S lao
ng
n

S
ngi
cht

Ngh
nghip

S
v

Xy lp
cng trnh
xy dng

172
4

170

Khai thc
khong sn

497

73

Sn xut
vt liu xy
dng

443

59

C kh ch
to

298

24

S
ngi b
thng
nng

Biu Pie th hin nhng lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL

nghim trng nm 2008
lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Xy lp cng trnh xy dng

khai thc khon sn
sn xut vt liu xy dng
c k ch to

Bng 1 Thng k ca nm 2009

Tng s
v TNL

Tng s
ngi b
nn

S v
TNL cht
ngi

S ngi cht

S ngi b
thng nng

6250

6421

507

550

1221

Bng 2 Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phng

Tp. H Ch
Minh

S v
TNL

S v
TNL
cht
ngi

S
ngi
b nn

S ngi
cht

S ngi
b thng
nng

1319

102

1330

103

113

ng Nai

1525

30

1542

30

184

Qung Ninh

370

27

382

30

225

H Ni

111

23

113

26

81

Bnh Dng

638

23

648

24

29

H Nam

30

15

46

19

16

Long An

99

14

99

14

19

Hi Phng

84

14

87

14

20

Hi Dng

60

13

64

13

16

Bng 3 Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh
nghip

S
v

S v c
ngi
cht

Xy lp cc
cng trnh
xy dng

259

Khai thc
than khai
thc
khong sn

79

C kh ch
to

30

Sn xut
vt liu xy
dng

15

Giao thng

15

S
ngi
b nn

S lao
ng
n

S
ngi
cht

S
ngi b
thng
nng

Tng s
Tng s
vn
ti
v TNL
ngi b
nn
5125

5307

Tng s
v TNL
cht
ngi
554

S ngi
cht

601

S ngi
b
thng
nng
1260

Nn
nhn l
lao ng
n
994

Biu Pie th hin nhng lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL

nghim trng nm 2009
Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng
Xy lp cc cng trnh xy dng

Khai thc than khai thc khong sn

C kh ch to my

Sn xut vt liu xy dng

Giao thng vn ti

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2010

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phg

S v

S v
cht
ngi

S ngi
b nn

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng
nng

Tp. H Ch Minh

892

102

908

108

140

Qung Ninh

390

34

403

40

211

H Ni

106

33

117

35

67

Bnh Dng

185

27

207

27

25

Hi Phng

231

19

243

25

46

ng Nai

1176

20

1184

20

132

B Ra-Vng Tu

65

19

65

20

18

Long An

82

14

83

15

Hi Dng

89

12

91

13

78

Qung Bnh

57

13

62

13

26

Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh nghip

Th khai thc m
v xy dng
Lao ng gin
n trong khai
thc m, xy
dng, cng
nghip
Th gia cng kim
loi,c kh v cc
cng vic c lin
quan
Th lp rp, vn
hnh my v
thit b sn xut
Chuyn mn k
thut bc trung
trong lnh vc
khoa hc t
nhin, khoa hc

Tng
s

S
S v
S lao
ng
c ngng
i b
i cht
n
nn

S
ngi
cht

S ngi
b
thng nng

390

103

429

18

122

151

924

103

948

121

115

135

312

43

299

49

41

72

597

41

609

66

41

97

32

15

33

15

11

k thut
Biu Pie th hin nhng lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL
nghim trng nm 2010

Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Chuyn
Lao
Th
ng
khaicng
gia
lp
rp,
mn
thc
gin
vn
k
kim
m
n
thut
hnh
loi,c
v
trong
xbc
my
ykh
khai
dng
trung
v
v
thc
cc
thit
trong
m,
cng
b sn
lnh
xy
vic
vc
xdng,
ut
ckhoa
lin
cng
quan
hcnghip
t nhin, khoa hc k
thut

Bng 1 Thng k ca nm 2011

Tng s
v TNL

Tng s
ngi b
nn

S v
TNL cht
ngi

S ngi
cht

S ngi
b thng
nng

Nn nhn
l lao
ng n

5896

6154

504

574

1314

1363

Bng 2 Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phng

S v

S v
cht
ngi

S
ngi b
nn

S
ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng
nng

Tp. H Ch
Minh

1056

81

1080

82

90

Bnh Dng

370

40

370

40

13

H Ni

123

34

124

35

76

ng Nai

1453

24

1461

25

134

Qung Ninh

484

22

493

25

221

Hi Phng

227

15

282

30

44

Nng

68

15

88

15

37

H Tnh

38

15

49

15

33

Sn La

21

14

30

22

Thi Nguyn

90

13

98

16

26

Bng 3 Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh nghip

Lao ng gin
n trong khai
thc m,xy
dng, cng
nghip
Khai thc v xy
dng

S
S lao
ng
ng
i
n
cht

S
ngi
b
thn
g
nng

S v
Tng
tai nn
s
cht
v
ngi

S
ng
i b
nn

767

82

803

180

93

89

502

100

555

49

117

231

Th gia kim
loi,c kh,v
cc th c lin
quan

623

36

628

137

37

118

Th vn hnh
my,thit b sn
xut vt liu sn
xut

402

29

406

54

30

84

Th lp rp v
vn hnh my

621

31

681

188

31

65

Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Lao ng gin n trong khai thc m,xy dng, cng nghip

Khai thc v xy dng
Th gia kim loi,c kh,v cc th c lin quan
Th vn hnh my,thit b sn xut vt liu sn xut
Th lp rp v vn hnh my

Biu Pie th hin nhng lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL

nghim trng nm 2011

Bng 1 Thng k ca nm 2012

Tng s v
TNL

Tng s
ngi b
nn

S v
TNL
cht
ngi

6777

6967

552

S ngi
cht

S
ngi b
thng
nng

Nn nhn
l lao
ng n

606

1470

1842

Bng 2 Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phng

S v

S v
cht
ngi

Tp. H Ch Minh

1568

98

1583

106

160

Qung Ninh

454

33

515

39

273

H Ni

152

31

117

37

80

Bnh Dng

446

29

450

33

34

1624

25

1658

27

147

89

23

94

23

71

302

20

309

22

99

Long An

63

16

63

16

15

Nng

48

15

48

15

Bnh Thun

37

12

40

13

ng Nai
H Tnh
B Ra
Tu

-Vng

S
ngi
b nn

S
ngi
cht

S ngi
b thng
nng

Bng 3 Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh nghip

Tng

S v

S ngi

s v

c
ngi
cht

ngi
b nn

Th khai m, xy
dng

330

24

396

50

173

Lao ng gin n
trong khai thc m,
xy dng, cng
nghip

385

24

526

134

31

49

Th vn hnh my,
thit b sn xut

235

307

59

15

46

Th lp rp v vn
hnh my

258

12

265

40

12

36

43

10

43

10

21

Th c kh v th
lp rp my mc

lao ngng
i
n
cht

b thng
nng

Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Th khai m, xy dng
Lao ng gin n trong khai thc m, xy dng, cng nghip
Th vn hnh my, thit b sn xut
Th lp rp v vn hnh my
Th c kh v th lp rp my mc

Biu
Pie th hin nhng lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL
nghim trng nm 2012

Bng 1 Thng k ca nm 2013

Tng s
v TNL

Tng s
ngi b
nn

S v
TNL cht
ngi

S ngi
cht

S ngi
b thng
nng

Nn nhn
l lao
ng n

6695

6887

562

627

1506

2308

Bng 2 Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phng

S v

S
ngi
b nn

S v
cht
ngi

S
S ngi
ngi b thng
cht
nng

TP. H Ch
Minh

822

867

90

92

118

TP. H Ni

126

137

35

44

20

Qung Ninh

528

537

32

36

298

Bnh Dng

621

621

27

27

28

ng Nai

1.690

1.691

26

26

215

Thanh Ho

44

52

17

21

31

H Tnh

59

64

16

16

34

Bc Giang

109

111

15

17

24

Nng

111

112

14

14

Ngh An

33

37

13

13

24

Bng 3 Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

S v
c
ngi
cht

S
S lao
ngi b
ng n
nn

S
ngi
cht

Ngh
nghip

S v

Xy
dng

1915

166

Khai
thc
khong
sn

1031

90

Sn
xut
kinh
doanh
in

422

36

C kh
cht to

341

30

S
ngi b
thng
nng

Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Xy dng
Sn xut kinh doanh in

Khai thc khong sn

c khi ch to

Biu Pie th hin nhng lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL

nghim trng nm 2013

Bng 1 Thng k ca 10/2014

Tng s
v TNL

Tng s
ngi b
nn

3454

3505

S v
S ngi Nn nhn
S ngi
TNL cht
b thng
l lao
cht
ngi
nng
ng n
258

280

660

1187

Bng 2 Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phng

S
v

S
ngi
b nn

S v
cht
ngi

S
ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng
nng

Tp H Ch Minh

645

646

45

46

71

Bnh Dng

280

283

17

19

11

TP H Ni

90

90

16

18

Qung Ninh

171

178

16

21

104

Thanh Ho

27

34

13

15

19

181

181

54

55

10

11

H Tnh

15

19

12

Hi Phng

75

78

42

Long An
Thi Nguyn
Lm ng

Bng 3 Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

S v c
ngi
cht

S
ngi
b nn

S lao
ng
n

S
ngi
cht

Ngh
nghip

S v

Xy dng

1279

97

Khai thc
khong
sn

598

45

C kh ch
to

214

16

Sn xut
kinh
doanh
in

128

10

S ngi
b
thng
nng

Biu Pie th hin nhng lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL

nghim trng nm 10/2014
Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng
Xy dng

Khai thc khong sn

Sn xut kinh doanh in

c khi ch to

Cu 2 bn thng k tng hp TNL cho 10 nm (200510/2014)

Bng 1 Thng k ca 10nm

Tng s v
TNL

Tng s
ngi b
nn

S v
TNL
cht
ngi

S ngi
cht

S
ngi b
thng
nng

Nn nhn
l lao ng
n

55915

57877

4898

5441

13414

7644

Bng 2 Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a
phng

S v
TNL

S v c
ngi

S ngi
b nn

S ngi
cht

S ngi
b thng

cht

nng

TP H Ch
Minh

8654

2150

6786

742

1459

Bnh
Dng

5481

1295

3719

261

246

H Nam

30

15

46

19

16

TP H Ni

1065

407

911

260

515

Qung
Ninh

3656

937

2830

375

1952

Thanh Ha

71

86

30

36

50

Ngh An

96

37

13

35

67

Long An

511

260

239

121

87

Thi
Nguyn

144

68

106

26

37

Lm ng

H Tnh

201

121

166

61

150

Hi Phng

1245

166

1222

136

249

H Ty

48

22

51

23

29

Nng

357

169

257

88

80

Bnh nh

63

15

63

15

48

ng Nai

12363

1877

9665

2519

1225

Cn Th

25

13

25

13

B Ra
Vng Tu

473

68

482

73

165

Vnh Long

57

83

Hi Dng

177

42

107

41

184

Qung
Bnh

57

13

62

13

26

Sn La

41

25

61

38

23

Bnh
Thun

82

26

85

27

14

Bc Giang

109

111

15

17

24

Bng 3 Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh nghip

S
v

S v
c
ngi
cht

S
ngi
b nn

S lao
ng
n

S
ngi
cht

S
ngi
b
thng
nng

Xy dng

3137

227

1380

76

552

555

C kh ch to

2663

197

970

88

244

211

Lao ng gin
n trong khai
thc m,xy
dng, cng
nghip

1152

106

1329

314

124

138

Xy lp cng
trnh xy dng

5011

517

618

Khai thc
khong sn

3311

79

365

Biu Pie th hin nhng lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL

nghim trng 10 n

Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Xy dng
C kh ch to
Lao ng gin n trong khai thc m,xy dng, cng nghip
Xy lp cng trnh xy dng
Khai thc khong sn

m
(2005-10/2014)
Cu 3: Tm tt nguyn nhn xy ra cc v TNL
Trc ht, l do chnh cc thit b khng bo m an ton, hoc do
iu kin lm vic khng tt. Ti nhng doanh nghip, c s sn xut
nh th iu kin thit b cng ngh lc hu. Trang, thit b an ton
thiu hoc khng bo m yu cu. c bit, nhiu thit b c yu cu
nghim ngt v an ton lao ng (ATL) nhng cha c kim tra,
ng k s dng.
Tip l nhn thc ca ngi s dng lao ng khng quan
tm ti cng tc an ton v bo h lao ng. Thc t, ngi s dng
lao ng, nht l doanh nghip t nhn, trong c c mt s doanh
nghip nh nc, m bo li nhun m cc chi ph b gim ti mc
ti a, v do vy, cng tc bo h lao ng b coi nh. Mc d c
cnh bo v nhng nguy c gy TNL nhng ngi s dng lao ng
vn lm ng, khng thc hin nhng gii php v ATL, v sinh lao
ng (VSL).

Bn cnh , cng phi k n nhn thc ca chnh ngi lao

ng (NL) v tm quan trng ca cng tc an ton cha cao. Mc d
bit mc nguy him nhng nhiu ngi s dng cc thit b vn
khng tun th cc tiu chun v an ton. Hin nay, tt c cc thit b
p lc, t cc bnh gas, bnh cha kh nn cho ti cc l hi hin i
trong cc nh my nhit in u c cc tiu chun an ton trong
tt c cc khu t sn xut, vn chuyn, tng tr, s dng nhng
ngi s dng vn vi phm cc tiu chun an ton ny. S v TNL do
NL khng chp hnh vic thc hin cc quy nh v an ton v VSL
chim ti 23,9%, khng s dng phng tin bo v c nhn chim
2,5% s v TNL.
Mt nguyn nhn na l do ngi s dng, vn hnh thiu hiu
bit v cc thit b cng nh cc quy nh v an ton i vi cc thit
b. Theo quy nh ca t chc lao ng th gii (ILO) th ngi s dng
c quyn c bit-right to know nhng thng tin lin quan n hng
ha mnh mua. Th nhng, Vit Nam th quyn ny t c cc nh
sn xut cng nh cc nh cung cp thc hin. Khng nhng th,
khch hng Vit Nam thng d di khi mua hng, chng my khi
quan tm, yu cu bo m nhng quyn li ny. Chng ta cng cha
c tp qun kin cc nh sn xut v cc nh cung ng sn phm
sn xut v cung cp cc sn phm khng bo m cht lng. Theo
Lut Lao ng, quyn c bit ca NL cng c quy nh rt r.
Theo , NL c trang b nhng c s php l y nht bo v
quyn li ca mnh, trong c quyn c lm vic trong iu kin
bo m an ton v VSL. Nhng nhiu khi do b p lc tm kim vic
lm, NL khng nhn thc v s dng ht quyn li ca mnh.
Nhiu khi ch v cng n vic lm m h bt chp ch lm vic nh:
Thi gian lm vic, trang thit b BHL. Nhng NL c trnh thp
hoc khng c trnh , nht l lc lng lao ng t do - t cc vng
nng thn v thnh ph - nh phi chp nhn lm bt c vic g, min
lm sao c cng n vic lm. Vic hun luyn, o to v cng tc
BHL khng c thc hin, hoc c thc hin nhng cha bo m
cht lng. Phn tch nguyn nhn ca cc v TNL do NL khng
c hun luyn v ATL, c bit l s lao ng thi v khng c hp
ng lao ng hoc hp ng ngn hn chim 2,9% s v.
Nhn li, h thng lut php (bao gm c cc vn bn quy phm
php lut ln cc vn bn p dng quy phm php lut ) ta thy cha
hon chnh, chng cho, chm iu chnh; vic thc thi php lut
khng nghim trong cng tc x l cc vi phm v an ton lao ng
iu ny cng lm cho TNL trong c cc v tai nn chy n cc
thit b chu p lc khng gim. Sau khi B lut Lao ng ra i, tip
theo l cc vn bn di lut hng dn thi hnh, c bit bao

nhiu vn ny sinh, nn c iu chnh cho ph hp vi thc t

cuc sng. Tuy nhin, k c sau khi c sa i th vic vn dng
lut vo thc t vn cn mt khong cch.
i vi nhng ngi lm cng tc an ton v BHL ti c s va
thiu li va yu cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ch quan lm
cho tai nn ngy mt gia tng. Ch tnh ring ti TP.HCM c hng
trm ngn c s sn xut, nhng i ng nhng ngi lm cng tc
BHL ti c s th hu nh ch l bn chuyn trch v khng chuyn v
nghip v.
Cui cng, ti mun cp ti nguyn nhn ca cc nguyn
nhn: l ngun nhn lc cho cng tc BHL. Trong lnh vc BHL,
cng tc o to ngun nhn lc cha tht s c quan tm ng
tm quan trng ca n. Trong khi nhiu nc, lnh vc v an ton
c o to hon chnh t bc c nhn ti bc tin s th Vit Nam
hin nay, cng tc o to chuyn ngnh BHL mi ch trnh k s
v cng mi ch bt u t nm 1992 ti i hc Cng on (H Ni)
v sau ny l i hc Tn c Thng ti TP.HCM.