TRNG I HC CN TH

KHOA CNG NGH

BI KIM TRA GIA K

MN HC

KHOA HC AN TON V BO H LAO NG

(CN155)

Gio vin hng dn:

Sinh vin thc hin:

BI THIN CHNH

CHU VN BNH
MSSV: B1208912
Ngnh: C Kh Ch To My K38
TD: 0939 767 543

Thang10-2014

NI DUNG
Cu 1:
Lp bng thng k tnh hnh tai nn lao ng nc ta trong vng 10 nm qua.
1.1 Mi nm 3 bng

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm
Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng
Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

1.2 V biu Pie cho bng 3

Cu 2:
Lp bng thng k tnh hnh tai nn lao ng nc ta trong vng 10 nm qua.
2.1 Lp 3bng thng k tng hp cho 10 nm (2005 2014), tng t nh cu 1.
2.2 V biu Pie cho bng 3
Cu 3:
Tm tt nguyn nhn xy ra cc v TNL

Tng s v
TNL
4050

Tng s
ngi b
nn
4164

Tng s v
TNL cht
ngi
443

S ngi
cht
447

S ngi b
thng
nng
1026

Nn nhn
l lao ng
n

BI LM
Cu 1: Lp bng thng k tnh hnh tai nn lao ng nc ta trong vng 10 nm
qua (2005 2014).
Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2005

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phg
Thnh ph HCM
Qung Ninh
ng Nai
H Ni
H Ty
Bnh Dng
Thanh Ha
Bnh nh
Hi Phng
Nng

S v
543
256
1207
98
48
226
54
63
284
55

S v cht
ngi
64
34
29
23
22
22
16
15
14
14

S ngi b
nn
572
265
1219
105
51
226
55
63
288
65

S ngi
cht
66
42
29
24
23
22
16
15
15
14

S ngi b
thng nng
10
132
160
40
29
0
39
48
64
17

Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh
nghip

S v

S v c ngi
cht

S ngi b
nn

S lao ng
n

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng nng

Tng s v
TNL
5951

Tng s
ngi b
nn
6337

Tng s v
TNL cht
ngi
505

S ngi
cht
621

S ngi b
thng
nng
2553

Nn nhn
l lao ng
n

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2007

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phg
Thnh ph HCM
Qung Ninh
ng Nai
H Ni
Vnh Long
Bnh Dng
Ngh An
Long An
Hi Phng
Nng

S v
666
400
1117
183
5
653
63
35
89
36

S v cht
ngi
117
42
23
17
57
23
22
20
19
17

S ngi b
nn
572
189
127
62
140
72
65
40
33
23

S ngi
cht
117
42
23
17
57
23
22
20
19
17

S ngi b
thng nng
622
147
104
45
83
49
43
20
14
6

Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh
nghip

S v

S v c ngi
cht

S ngi b
nn

S lao ng
n

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng nng

Tng s v
TNL
5836

Tng s
ngi b
nn
6047

Tng s v
TNL cht
ngi
508

S ngi
cht
573

S ngi b
thng
nng
1262

Nn nhn
l lao ng
n

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2008

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phg
Thnh ph HCM
Qung Ninh
ng Nai
H Ni
Hi Dng
Bnh Dng
Vng Tu
Long An
Hi Phng
Bnh thun

S v
361
350
1699
116
28
746
62
24
162
45

S v cht
ngi
87
31
28
20
16
26
18
20
12
14

S ngi b
nn
380
418
1703
126
19
756
64
34
170
45

S ngi
cht
88
41
31
25
16
26
20
25
18
14

S ngi b
thng nng
36
210
92
101
13
37
36
7
26
9

Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh
nghip

S v

S v c ngi
cht

S ngi b
nn

S lao ng
n

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng nng

Tng s v
TNL
6250

Tng s
ngi b
nn
6403

Tng s v
TNL cht
ngi
507

S ngi
cht
550

S ngi b
thng
nng
1221

Nn nhn
l lao ng
n
1152

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2009

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phg

S v

S v cht
ngi

S ngi b
nn

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng nng

Thnh ph HCM
Qung Ninh
ng Nai
H Ni
Hi Dng
Bnh Dng
Vng Tu
Long An
Hi Phng
Bnh thun
Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng
Ngh
nghip

S v

S v c ngi
cht

S ngi b
nn

S lao ng
n

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng nng

Tng s v
TNL
5125

Tng s
ngi b
nn
5307

Tng s v
TNL cht
ngi
554

S ngi
cht
601

S ngi b
thng
nng
1260

Nn nhn
l lao ng
n
994

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2010

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

a phg

S v

S v cht
ngi

S ngi b
nn

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng nng

Tp. H Ch Minh

892

102

908

108

140

Qung Ninh

390

34

403

40

211

H Ni

106

33

117

35

67

Bnh Dng

185

27

207

27

25

Hi Phng

231

19

243

25

46

ng Nai

1176

20

1184

20

132

B Ra-Vng Tu

65

19

65

20

18

Long An

82

14

83

15

Hi Dng

89

12

91

13

78

Qung Bnh
57
13
62
Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

13

26

Ngh nghip

S
v

S v c ngi
cht

S lao ng
n

S ngi
cht

103

S ngi
b nn
429

Th khai thc m v xy
dng
Th gia cng kim loi,
c kh v cc cng vic
c lin quan

390
312

S ngi b thng n

18

122

151

43

299

49

41

72

Th lp rp, vn hnh
my v thit b sn xut
Ch bin lng thc,
thc phm Tng s v
lnh vc khoa hc
t
TNL
nhin, khoa hc k thut
5896

597

41

609

66

1143
Tng s
ngi b
32
nn
6154

9
1146
Tng s v
S ngi
15TNL cht
2 cht
ngi
504
574

41

363
S ngi b
thng
1146
nng
1314

97

9
Nn nhn
l
363lao ng
n
1363

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2011

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

S ngi
b nn

S ngi
cht

S ngi
b thng
nng

a phng

S v

S v cht
ngi

Tp. H Ch Minh

1568

98

1583

106

160

Qung Ninh

454

33

515

39

273

H Ni

152

31

117

37

80

Bnh Dng

446

29

450

33

34

ng Nai

1624

25

1658

27

147

H Tnh

89

23

94

23

71

B Ra -Vng Tu

302

20

309

22

99

Long An

63

16

63

16

15

Nng

48

15

48

15

216
9

Bnh Thun

Tng s v
TNL
6700

37

Tng s
ngi b
nn
7000

Ngh nghip

Tng s v
TNL cht
ngi
552
S
v

12

S ngi
cht
606

S v c ngi
cht

40

S ngi b
thng
nng
1470

S ngi
b nn

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2012

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

13

Nn nhn
l lao ng
n
1842

S lao ng
n

Bng 3: Lnh
vc xy ra
nhiu TNL
nghim trng

S ngi
cht

S ngi b thng n

TT

a phng

S v

S v cht
ngi

S ngi
b nn

S ngi
cht

S ngi
b thng
nng

Tp. H Ch Minh

1568

98

1583

106

160

Qung Ninh

454

33

515

39

273

H Ni

152

31

117

37

80

Bnh Dng

446

29

450

33

34

ng Nai

1624

25

1658

27

147

H Tnh

89

23

94

23

71

B Ra -Vng Tu

302

20

309

22

99

Long An

63

16

63

16

15

Nng

48

15

48

15

10

Bnh Thun

37

12

40

13

Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Tng
s v

S v
c
ngi
cht

S ngi b
nn

S lao
ng
n

S ngi cht

S ngi
b thng
nng

Th khai thc m v xy dng

330

24

396

50

173

Lao ng gin n trong khai thc

m, xy dng, cng nghip

385

24

526

134

31

49

Th vn hnh my mc ,
thit b sn xut vt liu
sn xut

235

307

59

15

46

Th lp rp v vn hnh my

258

12

265

40

12

36

Ngh nghip

Th khai thc, th n mn, th x

v th o khc

37

Th c
kh s
vv
th lpTng
rp my
43v
Tng
s mcTng s
TNL
6695

ngi b
nn
6887

TNL cht
ngi
562

45

12

10
1 b
S ngi43 S ngi
cht
627

thng
nng
1506

22

10 nhn 21
Nn
l lao ng
n
2308

Bng 1: Thng k ca nm 2013

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

TT

a phng

S v

S
ngi
b nn

S v
cht
ngi

S
ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng nng

TP. H Ch Minh

822

867

90

92

118

TP. H Ni

126

137

35

44

20

Qung Ninh

528

537

32

36

298

Bnh Dng

621

621

27

27

28

ng Nai

1.690

1.691

26

26

215

Thanh Ho

44

52

17

21

31

H Tnh

59

64

16

16

34

Bc Giang

109

111

15

17

24

Nng

111

112

14

14

10Tng s v NghTng
An s

Tng
33 s v 37S ngi 13S ngi b
13 Nn nhn 24
TNL
ngi b
TNL cht
cht
thng
l lao ng
nn
ngi
nng
n
3454
3505
258
280
660
1187
Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh nghip

S
v

S v c ngi
cht

S ngi
b nn

S lao ng
n

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng nng

Bng 1: Thng k ca 6 thng nm 2014

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

TT

a phng

S v

S ngi
b nn

S v
cht
ngi

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng
nng

Tp H Ch Minh

645

646

45

46

71

Bnh Dng

280

283

17

19

11

TP H Ni

90

90

16

18

Qung Ninh

171

178

16

21

104

Thanh Ho

27

34

13

15

19

Long An

181

181

Thi Nguyn

54

55

10

11

Lm ng

H Tnh

15

19

12

10

Hi Phng

75

78

42

Tng s v
TNL

Tng s
ngi b nn

Tng s v
TNL cht
ngi

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng nng

Nn nhn l
lao ng n

Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh nghip

S
v

S v c ngi
cht

S ngi
b nn

S lao ng
n

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng nng

Cu 2: Lp bng thng k tnh hnh tai nn lao ng nc ta trong

vng 10 nm qua.
Bng 1: Thng k ca t nm 2005 n 2014

Bng 2: Tnh hnh TNL cc a phng

TT

a phng

Tp H Ch Minh

Bnh Dng

TP H Ni

Qung Ninh

Thanh Ho

Long An

Thi Nguyn

Lm ng

H Tnh

10

Hi Phng

S v

S ngi
b nn

S v
cht
ngi

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng
nng

Bng 3: Lnh vc xy ra nhiu TNL nghim trng

Ngh nghip

S
v

S v c ngi
cht

S ngi
b nn

S lao ng
n

S ngi
cht

S ngi b
thng nng

Cu 3: Tm tt nguyn nhn xy ra cc v TNL

Trc ht, l do chnh cc thit b khng bo m an ton, hoc do
iu kin lm vic khng tt. Ti nhng doanh nghip, c s sn xut
nh th iu kin thit b cng ngh lc hu. Trang, thit b an ton
thiu hoc khng bo m yu cu. c bit, nhiu thit b c yu cu
nghim ngt v an ton lao ng (ATL) nhng cha c kim tra,
ng k s dng.
Tip l nhn thc ca ngi s dng lao ng khng quan
tm ti cng tc an ton v bo h lao ng. Thc t, ngi s dng
lao ng, nht l doanh nghip t nhn, trong c c mt s doanh
nghip nh nc, m bo li nhun m cc chi ph b gim ti mc
ti a, v do vy, cng tc bo h lao ng b coi nh. Mc d c
cnh bo v nhng nguy c gy TNL nhng ngi s dng lao ng
vn lm ng, khng thc hin nhng gii php v ATL, v sinh lao
ng (VSL).
Bn cnh , cng phi k n nhn thc ca chnh ngi lao
ng (NL) v tm quan trng ca cng tc an ton cha cao. Mc d
bit mc nguy him nhng nhiu ngi s dng cc thit b vn
khng tun th cc tiu chun v an ton. Hin nay, tt c cc thit b

p lc, t cc bnh gas, bnh cha kh nn cho ti cc l hi hin i

trong cc nh my nhit in u c cc tiu chun an ton trong
tt c cc khu t sn xut, vn chuyn, tng tr, s dng nhng
ngi s dng vn vi phm cc tiu chun an ton ny. S v TNL do
NL khng chp hnh vic thc hin cc quy nh v an ton v VSL
chim ti 23,9%, khng s dng phng tin bo v c nhn chim
2,5% s v TNL.
Mt nguyn nhn na l do ngi s dng, vn hnh thiu hiu
bit v cc thit b cng nh cc quy nh v an ton i vi cc thit
b. Theo quy nh ca t chc lao ng th gii (ILO) th ngi s dng
c quyn c bit-right to know nhng thng tin lin quan n hng
ha mnh mua. Th nhng, Vit Nam th quyn ny t c cc nh
sn xut cng nh cc nh cung cp thc hin. Khng nhng th,
khch hng Vit Nam thng d di khi mua hng, chng my khi
quan tm, yu cu bo m nhng quyn li ny. Chng ta cng cha
c tp qun kin cc nh sn xut v cc nh cung ng sn phm
sn xut v cung cp cc sn phm khng bo m cht lng. Theo
Lut Lao ng, quyn c bit ca NL cng c quy nh rt r.
Theo , NL c trang b nhng c s php l y nht bo v
quyn li ca mnh, trong c quyn c lm vic trong iu kin
bo m an ton v VSL. Nhng nhiu khi do b p lc tm kim vic
lm, NL khng nhn thc v s dng ht quyn li ca mnh.
Nhiu khi ch v cng n vic lm m h bt chp ch lm vic nh:
Thi gian lm vic, trang thit b BHL. Nhng NL c trnh thp
hoc khng c trnh , nht l lc lng lao ng t do - t cc vng
nng thn v thnh ph - nh phi chp nhn lm bt c vic g, min
lm sao c cng n vic lm. Vic hun luyn, o to v cng tc
BHL khng c thc hin, hoc c thc hin nhng cha bo m
cht lng. Phn tch nguyn nhn ca cc v TNL do NL khng
c hun luyn v ATL, c bit l s lao ng thi v khng c hp
ng lao ng hoc hp ng ngn hn chim 2,9% s v.
Nhn li, h thng lut php (bao gm c cc vn bn quy phm
php lut ln cc vn bn p dng quy phm php lut ) ta thy cha
hon chnh, chng cho, chm iu chnh; vic thc thi php lut
khng nghim trong cng tc x l cc vi phm v an ton lao ng
iu ny cng lm cho TNL trong c cc v tai nn chy n cc
thit b chu p lc khng gim. Sau khi B lut Lao ng ra i, tip
theo l cc vn bn di lut hng dn thi hnh, c bit bao
nhiu vn ny sinh, nn c iu chnh cho ph hp vi thc t
cuc sng. Tuy nhin, k c sau khi c sa i th vic vn dng
lut vo thc t vn cn mt khong cch.
i vi nhng ngi lm cng tc an ton v BHL ti c s va

thiu li va yu cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ch quan lm

cho tai nn ngy mt gia tng. Ch tnh ring ti TP.HCM c hng
trm ngn c s sn xut, nhng i ng nhng ngi lm cng tc
BHL ti c s th hu nh ch l bn chuyn trch v khng chuyn v
nghip v.
Cui cng, ti mun cp ti nguyn nhn ca cc nguyn
nhn: l ngun nhn lc cho cng tc BHL. Trong lnh vc BHL,
cng tc o to ngun nhn lc cha tht s c quan tm ng
tm quan trng ca n. Trong khi nhiu nc, lnh vc v an ton
c o to hon chnh t bc c nhn ti bc tin s th Vit Nam
hin nay, cng tc o to chuyn ngnh BHL mi ch trnh k s
v cng mi ch bt u t nm 1992 ti i hc Cng on (H Ni)
v sau ny l i hc Tn c Thng ti TP.HCM.