Trng Cao ang Nghe Quy Nhn Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

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Bai 1: C S D LIEU NANG CAO

I. Subtotal:
1.1. Chc nang: Dung e tong hp d lieu theo nhom. So lieu tong hp thoa cac ieu
kien sau:
- So lieu dung cho tong hp nam tren 1 sheet;
- Thong ke da vao mot tieu thc duy nhat, ieu kien thong ke n gian.
1.2. Cach thc hien:
vd(TH1, cau 13): Tong hp THANH TIEN theo tng CA HANG.
Sao chep
Bc 1: Phan nhom: Sap xep BANG KE CHI TIET theo CA HANG
Bc 2: Chon the Data Subtotals
Chon vung phan nhom
Chon phep tnh (Sum,
Average, ...)

* Ben trai man hnh xuat hien 3 nut:

1 Ch thay tong cua tat ca cac ca hang

2 Ch thay tong cua tng ca hang va tong tat ca

3 Thay tat ca cac chi tiet va cac tong (mac nhien)

Ngoai ra con co the dung cac dau -+ - va che, hien cac hang cot.
* Muon huy bo tong hp theo nhom th chon lai the Data Subtotals... click nut Remove
All.

II. PivotTable:
2.1. Chc nang: Dung e nhom va thong ke so lieu theo dang hang, cot (2D) va co the
bao cao theo dang (3D).
- Tao ra bang tong ket;
- To chc d lieu theo dang keo tha;
- Loc va nhom d lieu;
- Ve bieu o.

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

2.2. Cach thc hien:

vd(TH1, cau 15a):
+ e hop nh v tai o bat ky trong BANG KE CHI TIET HANG NHAP
+ Chon the Insert PivotTable PivotTable

Choose the data that you want to analyze:

Select a table or range: Chon bang hoac pham vi muon tao bang tong hp
Use an external data source: S dung nguon d lieu ben ngoai
Choose the data that you want to analyze:
New Worksheet: Tao bang tong hp trong 1 sheet mi
Existing Worksheet: Nhap chuot vao 1 o muon bat au bang tong hp

Xuat hien thanh ca so PivotTable Field List va 4 v tr sau:

Keo cac vung tren ca so PivotTable Field List vao cac v tr can thiet.

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III. Consolidate:
3.1. Chc nang: Dung e tong hp so lieu tren nhieu nguon khac nhau:
- So lieu dung cho tong hp co the tap trung hoac phan tan tren mot Sheet hoac cac
Workbook;
- To chc cau truc d lieu cho cac Source data phai giong nhau;
- Ket qua tong hp co the lu cung vi Data source hoac Sheet khac.
3.2. Cach thc hien:
V du (TH2a):
- Trong Sheet4 soan noi dung nh sau:

- Tai Sheet4 e hop nh v tai o B3

- Chon the Data Consolidate

+ Click vao Sheet1, quet chon t C11 en D15, click nut Add
+ Tiep tuc, click vao Sheet2, quet chon t C12 en D16, click nut Add
+ Tiep tuc, click vao Sheet3, quet chon t C11 en D15, click nut Add
+ Click vao 2 o kiem Top row va Left column
+ OK
Ghi chu: Muon lien ket d lieu nguon va bang tong hp (tc la khi d lieu thay oi th
bang tong hp se thay oi theo th click vao o kiem Create links to source data.

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

Bai 2: MOT SO HAM TAI CHNH

I. Cac ham tnh khau hao tai san co nh:
1. Ham SLN (Straight Line):
- Cong dung: Tnh khau hao TSC vi ty le khau hao trai eu trong mot khoang
thi gian xac nh.
- Cu phap: SLN(cost,salvage,life)
Trong o: cost la gia tr ban au cua TSC, salvage la gia tr con lai c tnh cua tai
san sau khi a khau hao, life la i hu dung cua TSC.
- Ham SLN tnh khau hao theo cong thc:
V du 2.1: Mot TSC au t mi co nguyen gia (tnh ca chi ph lap at chay th) la
120.000.000 ong a vao s dung nam 2007 vi thi gian s dung d tnh la 5 nam, gia
tr thai hoi c tnh la 35.000.000 ong. Hay tnh lng trch khau hao cho tng nam trong
suot vong i cua TSC o.
Khi o:

cost = 120.000.000
salvage = 35.000.000
life = 5

Vay lng trch khau hao cho tng nam la:

=SLN(cost,salvage,life) 17.000.000

2. Ham DB (Declining Balance):

- Cong dung: Tnh khau hao cho mot tai san s dung phng phap so d giam dan
theo mot mc co nh trong mot khoang thi gian xac nh.
- Cu phap: DB(cost,salvage,life,period,[month])
Trong o: cac tham so cost, salvage, life giong nh ham SLN
period la ky khau hao
month la so thang trong nam au. Neu bo qua Excel se tnh vi month=12

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V du 2.2: Van vi d kien v du 2.1 nhng khi ap dung cong thc tnh l ng trch
khau hao cho TSC o theo phng phap so d giam dan khi a TSC vao s dung t
thang 6/2007 (m = 7 thang)

II. Cac ham anh gia hieu qua von au t:

3. Ham FV (Future Value):
- Cong dung: Tnh gia tr tng lai cua mot khoan au t co lai suat co nh tra theo
nh ky hoac gi them vao.
- Cu phap: FV(rate,nper,pmt,[pv],[type])
Trong o: rate la lai suat moi ky
nper la tong so ky tnh lai
pmt la so tien phai tra eu trong moi ky
pv la gia tr hien tai cua khoan au t, neu bo trong th coi la 0
type la hnh thc thanh toan. Neu type=1 th thanh toan au ky (nien kim
au ky), neu type=0 th thanh toan vao cuoi ky (mac nh)
V du 2.3: Tnh so tien mot ngi gi $10.000 vao ngan hang va moi nam gi them
$200 vi lai suat 5%/nam (bo qua lam phat) sau 10 nam so la bao nhieu?

4. Ham PV (Present Value):

- Cong dung: Tnh gia tr hien tai cua mot khoan au t theo tng ky.
- Cu phap: PV(rate,nper,pmt,[fv],[type])

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

Trong o: fv la gia tr tng lai cua khoan au t va cac tham so tng t nh ham FV
V du 2.4: Mot ngi muon co so tien tiet kiem 100.000.000 sau 10 nam. Hoi bay gi
ngi o phai gi vao ngan hang bao nhieu? Biet lai suat ngan hang la 15%/nam (bo qua
lam phat)

5. Ham PMT (Payment):

- Cong dung: Tnh khoan tng ng tng ky cho mot khoan au t co lai suat co
nh tra theo nh ky.
- Cu phap: PMT(rate,nper,pv,[fv],[type])
Cac tham so tng t nh cac ham tren.
V du 2.5: Mot ngi muon co khoan tien tiet kiem 100.000.000 sau 10 nam th ngi
o phai gi vao ngan hang moi thang bao nhieu tien? Biet lai suat ngan hang la 15%/nam
(bo qua lam phat)

6. Ham NPER (Number of Periods):

- Cong dung: Tnh so ky han e tra mot khoan vay co lai suat khong oi va thanh
toan theo nh ky vi cac thanh toan bang nhau moi ky.
Cung co the dung ham nay e tnh so ky han gi vao cho mot au t co lai suat
khong oi, tnh lai theo nh ky va so tien gi vao bang nhau moi ky (v du, au t vao
viec mua bao hiem nhan tho cua Prudential)
- Cu phap: NPER(rate,pmt,pv,[fv],[type])
Trong o: rate la lai suat co nh
pmt la so tien phai tra eu trong moi ky (neu pmt=0 th bat buoc phai co
fv)
pv la khoan tien vay hien tai
fv vi 1 khoan vay no la khoan tien n goc con lai sau lan tra lai sau cung,
neu la 1 khoan au t no la so tien se co c khi ao han. Neu bo
trong th coi la 0.

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type la kieu thanh toan. Neu type=1 th thanh toan au ky (nien kim au
ky), neu type=0 th thanh toan vao cuoi ky (mac nh)
V du 2.6: Mot ngi muon mua tra gop can ho gia tr la 500.000.000, tra trc 30%,
so con lai tra gop 5.000.000 moi thang (bao gom ca tien n goc va lai), biet lai suat la
12% mot nam. Vay ngi o phai tra trong bao nhieu nam th mi xong?

7. Ham NPV (Net Present Value):

- Cong dung: Tnh gia tr thuan cua mot d an au t la gia tr cua cac khoan au t,
chi ph va thu nhap trong vong i cua d an c quy ve hien tai.
- Cu phap: NPV(rate,value1,[value2],...)
Trong o: rate la ty suat chiet khau
value1, value2,... la cac khoan chi tra hoac thu nhap trong cac ky han cua
khoan au t, cac gia tr nay phai cach eu nhau ve thi gian va phai
xuat hien cuoi moi ky.
Nhan xet: Neu NPV 0 th d an mang tnh kha thi, neu NPV < 0 th d an khong mang
tnh kha thi.
V du 2.7: Tnh NPV cho mot d an au t co au t ban au la 1 ty ong, doanh thu
hang nam la 0,5 ty, chi ph hang nam la 0,2 ty, thi gian thc hien d an la 4 nam, co lai
suat chiet khau la 8%/nam.

8. Ham ISPMT:
- Cong dung: Tnh so tien lai a tra tai mot ky han nao o oi vi mot khoan vay co
lai suat khong oi, sau khi a tr so tien goc phai tra cho ky o.
- Cu phap: ISPMT(rate,per,nper,pv)
Trong o: rate la lai suat co nh
per la so th t cua ky can tnh lai

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

nper tong so ky
pv la khoan tien vay hien tai
V du 2.8: Mot ngi vay khoan tien $3.000 trong 3 nam vi lai suat 10%/nam, moi
nam thanh toan lai cong goc mot lan. Sau nam th nhat, ngi o tra bt 1/3 so tien goc,
con n lai $2.000, va ISPMT() se cho biet so tien lai a tra cua nam th nhat tren so tien
$2.000 nay, tc la $200.
=ISPMT(10%,1,3,3000)
9. Ham IPMT (Interest Payment):
- Cong dung: Tnh so tien lai phai tra tai mot ky han nao o oi vi mot khoan vay
co lai suat khong oi va thanh toan theo nh ky vi cac thanh toan bang nhau moi ky.
- Cu phap: IPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,[fv],[type])
Trong o: rate la lai suat co nh
per la so th t cua ky can tnh lai
nper tong so ky
pv la khoan tien vay hien tai
fv la khoan tien n goc con lai sau lan tra lai sau cung, neu bo trong th coi
la 0.
type la kieu thanh toan. Neu type=1 th thanh toan au ky (nien kim au
ky), neu type=0 th thanh toan vao cuoi ky (mac nh)
V du 2.9: Neu vay ngan hang mot khoan tien $200.000, vay trong 8 nam vi lai suat
khong oi la 10% mot nam, tra lai nh ky theo tng thang. Cho biet so tien lai phai thanh
toan trong thang au tien? Va so tien lai phai thanh toan trong nam cuoi cung?

10. Ham PPMT (Principle Payment):

- Cong dung: Tnh so tien n goc phai tra tai mot ky han nao o oi vi mot khoan
vay co lai suat khong oi va thanh toan theo nh ky vi cac thanh toan bang nhau moi
ky.
- Cu phap: PPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,[fv],[type])
Trong o: rate la lai suat co nh
per la so th t cua ky can tnh lai
nper tong so ky

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pv la khoan tien vay hien tai

fv la khoan tien n goc con lai sau lan tra lai sau cung, neu bo trong th coi
la 0.
type la kieu thanh toan. Neu type=1 th thanh toan au ky (nien kim au
ky), neu type=0 th thanh toan vao cuoi ky (mac nh)
V du 2.10: Neu vay ngan hang mot khoan tien $200.000, vay trong 8 nam vi lai
suat khong oi la 10% mot nam, tra lai nh ky theo tng thang. Cho biet so tien goc phai
thanh toan trong thang au tien cua nam th 2? Va so tien goc phai thanh toan trong nam
cuoi cung?

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Bai 3: MOT SO TNH NANG CAO CAP

1. Goal Seek (Tm kiem muc tieu):
1.1. Khai niem:
Khi x ly bang tnh trong Excel, neu nh cac o phu thuoc b thay oi d lieu th d
lieu o cha cong thc thay oi theo. Tuy nhien, vi cong cu Goal Seek th ngc lai, khi ta
thay oi d lieu o cha cong thc th d lieu cua o phu thuoc se thay oi theo. Goal Seek
thng ap dung trong cac bai toan giai phng trnh 1 an so, bai toan tnh doanh thu hoa
von, thay oi mot ch tieu chi ph nao o e co c li nhuan nh mong muon, tnh tong
chi ph cho tong chi ph rong phai tra...
1.2. Cach dung:
Khi thiet lap mot bang tnh e s dung Goal Seek, thng co cong thc trong mot o,
va cac bien cho cong thc nay (vi mot gia tr ban au) trong nhng o khac. Cong thc co
the co nhieu bien nhng Goal Seek ch cho phep ta x ly moi lan mot bien ma thoi.
V d: Gii bi ton va g va ch...
Goal Seek hot ng bng cch s dng phng php lp i lp li (iterative method)
tm ra li gii. Ngha l, Goal Seek s th gi tr ban u ca bin xem n c to ra kt qu
m ta mun hay khng. Nu khng, Goal Seek s th tip vi nhng gi tr khc nhau, cho
n khi n tm ra li gii, hay ni cch khc, cho n khi no kt qu m n tm c gn
ging vi kt qu m ta mun nht.
Chy Goal Seek:
Trc khi chy Goal Seek, ta cn thit lp bng tnh theo mt mu no , m c th l
nn thc hin 3 iu sau y:
* Thit lp mt lm thay i (changing cell). y l gi tr m Goal Seek s x l
lp i lp li c gng t c kt qu gn ng nht. Ri nhp mt gi tr ban u trong
ny, cho n bng 0 chng hn.
* Thit lp cc gi tr nhp liu khc cho cng thc v t cho chng nhng gi tr thch
hp.
* To mt cng thc Goal Seek s dng trong qu trnh c gng t mc tiu.
V d 3.1: S dng Goal Seek gii bi ton "Va g, va ch b li cho trn, ba mi su
con, mt trm chn chn. Hi c my g, my ch"
Bc 1: Lp bi ton theo mu sau:
- Ti A2 nhp s g (nhp gi tr bt k nm trong khong t 1 n 36)
- Ti B2 nhp s ch (36-A2)
- Ti C2 tnh tng s chn: =A2*2+B2*4
Yu cu: Thay i s g (A2) sao cho tng s chn t n 100 (C2)

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

Bc 2: Gi chc nng Goal Seek: Chn th Data What-If Analysis Goal Seek...

- Set cell: Chn cha cng thc (C2)

- To value: Nhp gi tr m cng thc mun t c (100)
- By changing cell: Chn cha bin
- OK

Sau khi OK, Goal Seek s hin th kt qu m n tm c trong cha gi tr thay i

(A2) v hp thoi Goal Seek Status cho bit n c tm c li gii hay khng, cng cho ta so
snh kt qu p dng li gii ny (Current value) vi kt qu m ta mun c (Target value)
V d 3.2: Dng Goal Seek gii phng trnh sau:
(

) (

1.3. ng dng bi ton thit lp gi (bi ton ti u ha li nhun sn phm)

V d 3.3: Cng ty X mun a ra mt dng sn phm mi, v mun thu c 30% li nhun
t n trong nm u tin. V gi s rng cng ty c nhng gi nh sau y:
- Trong nm u tin ny s bn c 100.000 sn phm (Unit Sold)
- Mc chit khu trung bnh (Average Discount) cho cc i l l 40%
- Tng chi ph c nh (Fixed Costs) l $750.000 v chi ph ring cho mi sn phm
(Costs per Unit) l $12,63.
T nhng thng tin trn, hy tm ra mc gi bn hp l nht (Price per Unit) cho sn
phm kim c 30% li nhun (Margin)

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Trong hnh minh ha, nu nh bn 1 sn phm vi gi $1,00 cng ty s l $1.953.000

tng ng vi -97,02%

Sau khi chy Goal Seek, n a ra mt gi ngh l $43,62 t c mc li nhun

bng mc li nhun cng ty mun (30%).
1.4. ng dng bi ton phn tch im ha vn
Gi s chng ta c yu cu tm s sn phm ti thiu phi bn c lm cho li
nhun bng 0 (ngha l tng chi ph cho sn phm bng tng doanh thu t sn phm), hay ni
cch khc, phi bn c t nht bao nhiu sn phm th mi ha vn? Thit lp mt phng
trnh li nhun c kt qu l 0 bng cch thay i s sn phm s bn ra, l mt trong nhng
th mnh ca Goal Seek.
th lm iu , chng ta quay li vi bi ton "Ti u li nhun sn phm". Nhng
trong trng hp ny, chng ta gi s rng gi bn ca sn phm c xc nh l $43,62
(li gii ca bi ton trn).

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

V li gii cho chng ta c Goal Seek tm ra nh hnh minh ha di: Phi bn

c t nht l 55.396 sn phm, th chng ta mi ha vn.

2. Solver:
2.1. Khi nim: Solver l mt cng c dng gii cc h phng trnh (h bt phng
trnh), gii cc bi ton ti u (bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh, bi ton vn ti, bi ton quy
hoch phi tuyn) v gii cc bi ton thng k ton hc (bi ton hi quy n, hi quy bi,
hi quy m).
Ghi ch: Trong Excel 2007, 2010 nu trong th Data cha c cng c Solver th b sung
vo nh sau:
- Chn File Options
- Trong danh sch bn tri chn Add-Ins
- Trong hp danh sch Manage di chn Excel Add-ins, click nt Go...

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2.2. Qui trnh gii cc bi ton ti u s dng Solver thc hin theo cc bc sau:
1. Xy dng hm mc tiu (Objective Function)
2. Xy dng cc rng buc (Constraints)
3. T chc d liu trn bng tnh Excel
4. S dng Solver tm phng n ti u
V d 3.4: Gii h phng trnh sau:
{

( )
( )
( )

1. Xy dng hm mc tiu: khng c

2. Xy dng cc rng buc: chnh l h phng trnh trn
3. T chc d liu trn Excel

4. S dng Solver: Chn th Data Solver

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

Trong hp thoi Solver Parameters:

- Set Objective: Chn cha gi tr hm mc tiu (trong v d ny khng c)
- By Changing Variable Cells: Chn cc cha phng n ti u cn tm (trong v d
ny l cc cha bin B7:B9)
- Subject to the Constraints: a cc rng buc vo (bng cch click nt Add)

- Make Unconstrained Variables Non-Negative: Khng ly kt qu m (trong v d

ny ta phi b du kim)
- Cui cng click nt Solver v ch kt qu (nghim l: 4; -3; 9)
V d 3.5: Gii bi ton qui hoch tuyn tnh sau:
Hm mc tiu: f(x) = 2x1 + 8x2 - 5x3 + 15x4 max
Vi rng buc:

3x1 - x2 + x3 + 10x4 = 5
x1 + 2x2 + x3 + 5x4 9
2x1 + 10x2 + 2x3 - 5x4 26
xj 0, j=14

* T chc d liu trn Excel:

* S dng Solver: Chn th Data Solver

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Kt qu ca Solver nh sau: Phng n ti u l (0; 3; 0; 0,8) v gi tr hm mc tiu

t gi tr ln nht l 36.
V d 3.6 (Bi ton K hoch sn xut): C 1 x nghip sn xut ra 2 sn phm A v B, nhng
sn phm ny c sn xut t 3 loi nguyn liu I, II, III. Mi loi sn phm A li 3$, mi
loi sn phm B li 5$. D tr tng loi nguyn liu v s lng n v tng loi nguyn liu
dng sn xut ra 1 loi sn phm c ghi bng sau y:

Vn t ra l nn sn xut mi loi sn phm bao nhiu li nhiu nht?

Gii:
* Xy dng hm mc tiu v xy dng cc rng buc:
Pht biu di dng ngn ng ton hc:
Gi x l s lng n v sn phm A cn sn xut
Gi y l s lng n v sn phm B cn sn xut

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

Do 1 sn phm loi A li 3$, loi B li 5$ nn hm li z = 3x + 5y

Nhn vo hm li ta thy z cng ln cng tt ch c kh nng tng x, y ln nhng liu
c th tng mi x, y c khng?
y s lng d tr nguyn liu c hn, ngha l x, y phi chn nhng rng buc.
Nhn vo bng i vi loi nguyn liu I th sn xut x sn phm A, y sn phm B phi tn
l: 2x + y, nhng d tr nguyn liu = 80
2x + y 80 (khng vt qu s d tr)
Tng t i vi nguyn liu II: 6y 240
Tng t i vi nguyn liu III: 4x 120
Ngoi ra cn c 1 iu kin rt t nhin l x 0, y 0 (s sn phm khng m) v x, y
l s nguyn.
Tm li pht biu nh sau: z = 3x + 5y max, vi cc iu kin:
2x y 80
6y 240

4 x 120
x 0, y 0

* T chc d liu trn Excel:

Trong :
A13=A10*C6+B10*D6
E10=$A$10*C3

Ko xung E12

F10=$B$10*D3

Ko xung F12

H10=E10+F10

Ko xung H12

J10=B3

Ko xung J12

* S dng Solver: Chn th Data Solver

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p s: Cn phi sn xut 20 sn phm A v 40 sn phm B. Li cao nht l 260$.

V d 3.7 (Bi ton K hoch sn xut): Mt nh my d nh sn xut 5 loi sn phm Sj
(j=15). Tt c 5 loi sn phm ny u s dng 4 loi nguyn vt liu NVL i (i=14). Li
nhun ca mi sn phm v d tr ca tng loi nguyn vt liu c cho nh bng sau:

Hy tm phng n sn xut mi loi sn phm l bao nhiu c c tng li nhun

l ln nht.
p s: S1: 200, S2: 0, S3: 0, S4: 0, S5: 200
V d 3.8 (Bi ton Vn ti): Lp phng n vn chuyn xng t 4 kho xng n 5 trm tiu
th vi chi ph vn chuyn, lng xng d tr ti mi kho v nhu cu tiu th xng ti mi
trm c cho nh bng di y sao cho tng chi ph vn chuyn l nh nht.

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

Bng trn ngha l, vn chuyn 1 tn xng t Kho 1 n Trm 1 th Chi ph vn chuyn

l $30 v Trm 1 cn 7 tn xng.
Hng dn:
Gi xij l lng xng vn chuyn t kho i n trm j (i=14, j=15)
Khi tng chi ph (hm mc tiu) s l 30x11 + 27x12 + 26x13 + 9x14 + 23x15 + 13x21 +
... + 16x45
Cc rng buc:
- Lng xng c vn chuyn t mt kho khng c ln hn d tr ca kho .
V d: x11 + x12 + x13 + x14 + x15 4
- Tng lng xng t cc kho chuyn n mt trm phi bng nhu cu tiu th ca
trm .
V d: x11 + x21 + x31 + x41 = 7
p s:

V Chi ph vn chuyn nh nht l $227

V d 3.9 (Bi ton K hoch sn xut): Mt nng dn cn quy hoch sn phm nng nghip
trng ti u trn mnh t ca mnh. Vn t ra l nn trng bao nhiu tn la m v bao
nhiu tn la go c li nhun ln nht trong iu kin hn ch v t, nc v nhn cng.
Bit:
- S t cn sn xut 1 tn la go l 2ha v la m l 3ha.
- Lng nc cn sn xut 1 tn la go l 6m3 v la m l 4m3.
- Nhn cng cn sn xut 1 tn la go l 20 cng v la m l 5 cng.
- Nng dn ny c ti a: 25ha t, 50 m3 nc v 125 nhn cng.
- Li nhun thu c t la go l 18 USD/tn v la m l 21 USD/tn.
Hng dn: Lm tng t v d 3.6
p s: Nn trng 5 tn la go v 5 tn la m. Li nhun 195 USD l ln nht.

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Bai 4: CHIA SE VI CAC CHNG TRNH KHAC

1. Ha trn Excel vi Word:
1.1. To mt bng tnh mi Excel t Word:
ang son tho Word, t con tr ti v tr mun chn bng tnh ca Excel.
Chn th Insert Table Excel Spreadsheet lc ny trn mn hnh Word xut
hin thm bng tnh Excel ngay ti v tr con tr v thanh cng c hay menu bar u l
ca Excel.
Son tho bng tnh nh chng ta lm trong Excel vy.
Son tho xong click chut ti mt ch bt k no ngoi bng tnh, khi ta tr v
Word nh bnh thng.
Khi no cn chnh sa th nhp p vo bng tnh.

1.2. Chn mt bng tnh Excel c sn vo Word:

ang son tho Word, t con tr ti v tr mun chn bng tnh ca Excel.
Chn th Insert Object Object...

o Click nt Browse... chn file Excel mun chn vo Word

o Link to file: To lin kt vi file Excel gc, khi file Excel thay i th trong
Word cng thay i theo.
o OK

1.3. Lin kt mt phn ca bng tnh Excel c sn vo trong Word:

ang son tho Word, t con tr ti v tr mun chn mt phn ca bng tnh.
M chng trnh Excel, m bng tnh cn chn nhng vo trong Word, nh du cc
mun chn. Vn ng trong chng trnh Excel hy thc hin lnh copy nhng
c chn.
Chuyn sang chng trnh Word, chn th Home Paste Paste Special...

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

o Paste: Chn ni dung Excel vo Word

o Paste link: Lin kt ni dung Excel vo Word, khi ni dung Excel thay i th
trong Word cng thay i theo

1.4. Ha trn mt ti liu Word vo Excel:

Lm tng t nh cc mc trn.
Nu mun lin kt ti liu ta nn s dng lnh copy trong Word v s dng lnh dn
Paste Special... trong menu ca Excel v dng cc kiu dn nh ln trc.
Ta c th son tho trc tip mt ti liu Word trong Excel bng cch chn mt trang
mi ca Word vo Excel s dng lnh Object trong th Insert v lc ny ta c th
son tho bnh thng nh trong word.

2. Ha trn Excel vi Access:

2.1. Chn bng tnh Excel vo Access:
M CSDL trong Access.
Chn th External Data Excel

(Import Excel spreadsheet)

Click nt Browse... chn file Excel mun a vo Access.

Thc hin cc bc trong trnh Import Spreadsheet Wizard.

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2.2. Kt xut d liu t Access vo Excel:

M d liu mun kt xut trong Access (Table, Query, Form, Report).
Chn th External Data Excel

(Export to Excel spreadsheet)

Bai 5: MACRO
1. Gii thiu:
thc hin t ng ha mt s thao tc thng lm ta s dng cng c Tp lnh
(Macro) trong Excel. Macro l tp hp cc lnh v hm c lu tr trong mt Module ca
VBA (Visual Basic for Application).
Mi khi ngi dng thc thi Macro th nhim v c ci t trong Macro s c
thc hin. iu ny ht sc hu ch khi cn thc hin cc thao tc lp i lp li nhiu ln hoc
khi ngi dng mun to ra mt s tnh nng mi cho ng dng nn.

2. To Macro:
C th to Macro n gin bng cch ghi li nhng thao tc (Record) sau cho chy
Macro n s thc hin li cc thao tc ghi. Ngoi ra ta c th to Macro bng cch to trc
tip cc lnh bng ngn ng Visual Basic for Application.

2.1. To macro bng phng php ghi (to theo kch bn):
Chn th View Macros Record Macro...

- Macro name: t tn cho Macro

- Shortcut key: t phm tt cho Macro
- Store macro in: Ch ni lu tr Macro, mc nh l This Workbook (Workbook hin
hnh), New Workbook (Workbook mi) hoc Personal Macro Workbook (Macro s hu
ring). Nhng Macro s hu ring c lu vi tn Personal.xlsb v c hiu lc mi khi s
dng Excel.
- Description: M t ni dung Macro.
Lu : Ngm nh khi thc hin ghi, Macro truy cp theo a ch tuyt i, nu mun truy cp
theo a ch tng i th chn th View Macros Use Relative References
Thc hin cc thao tc m sau ny s c lp i lp li khi Macro kch bn thc thi
(y chnh l phn ni dung chnh ca Macro kch bn). Khi thc hin xong, ta dng vic ghi
ca Macro bng cch chn th View Macros Stop Recording

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

Chy Macro: chn th View Macros (hoc nhn phm Alt+F8), chn Macro trong danh
sch ri click nt Run.

2.2. To Macro s dng isual Basic or Application:

- Chn th Developer Visual Basic (hoc nhn Alt+F11) m ca s VBA
- Chn menu Insert Module to mt m un mi, l ni s cha Macro

- Chn menu Insert Procedure...

- Trong hp thoi Add Procedure, in tn Macro vo mc Name, chn kiu chng

trnh con l Sub v phm vi l Public

- Vit m lnh cho Macro trong ca s m lnh VBA

- Sau khi hon thnh qu trnh vit m lnh cho Macro, chn menu File Close and
Return to Microsoft Excel tr v mn hnh chnh ca Excel.

3. Xy dng hm mi trong Excel bng BA:

3.1. Khi nim v hm trong Excel: Hm l nhng cng thc c nh ngha sn
trong Excel thc hin tnh ton da trn cc s liu u vo, gi l tham s, theo mt trnh t
c lp trnh sn nhm thc hin cc php tnh t n gin n phc tp.
Mt hm bt u bng du "=", tip theo l tn hm, du ngoc n, danh sch cc tham
s cch nhau bng du phy v cui cng l du ngoc n.
C rt nhiu hm c xy dng trong Excel v c nhm theo tng lnh vc nh:
ton hc, thng k, x l chui, x l thi gian... Tuy nhin trong nhiu trng hp, cc hm

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c sn ny khng p ng c cc yu cu ca bi ton c th, v th vic xy dng hm

mi, nhm p ng c nhu cu tnh ton l vic rt cn thit.

3.2.To hm mi bng BA:

V d, xy dng mt hm mi tn l Dien tich, c nhim v tnh din tch ca mt hnh
ch nht.
- Khi ng Excel
- Chn th Developer Visual Basic (hoc nhn Alt+F11) m ca s VBA
- Chn menu Insert Module to mt m un mi
- Chn menu Insert Procedure...
- Trong hp thoi Add Procedure, in tn hm vo mc Name, chn kiu chng
trnh con l Function v phm vi l Public

- Vit m lnh cho hm nh sau:

- Click biu tng "a mm" (Save)

- Chn menu File Close and Return to Microsoft Excel tr v mn hnh chnh
ca Excel.
- Chn th Developer Add-Ins

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

G i
: Sau ny mun to thm cc hm mi, ta ch vic chn th Developer
Visual Basic (hoc nhn Alt+F11) m ca s VBA, sau to thm cc hm mi.

3.3. Cc kiu d liu v khai bo:

3.3.1. Cc kiu d liu c bn: Cng nh cc ngn ng lp trnh khc, VBA u h tr cc
kiu d liu c bn sau:
- Kiu Boolean: Kiu logic, kiu ny chim 2 byte b nh; ch nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr l
Yes-No hoc True-False hoc i khi th hin di dng s 0 tng ng vi False, True
tng ng vi bt k s no khc 0.
- Kiu s:
+ Byte: Kiu s nguyn dng trong phm vi t 0..255, chim 1 byte.
+ Integer: Kiu s nguyn, c gi tr trong khong -32768...32767, chim 2 bytes.
+ Long: Kiu s nguyn di, c gi tr trong khong -2.147.483.648 .. 2.147.483.647,
chim 4 bytes.
+ Single: Kiu s thc, c gi tr trong khong 1.4012E-45 to 3.4028E38. Chim 4
bytes.
+ Double: Kiu s thc, c gi tr trong khong 4.9406E-324 to 1.7976E308. Chim
8 bytes.
+ Currency: Kiu tin t. Bn cht l kiu s, chim 8 bytes, c gi tr trong khong
-922.337.203.685.477 to 922.337.203.685.477. c bit, kiu ny lun c k hiu
tin t i km.
- Kiu chui: String, tng ng vi kiu Text trong Excel. ln ti a l 255 bytes
tng ng vi kh nng x l chui di 255 k t.
- Kiu ariant, l kiu d liu khng tng minh, chim 16 bytes. Bin kiu ny c th
nhn bt k mt gi tr no c th (s, chui, ngy/gi hoc null). V d:
Dim a As Variant
a = 123
a = Dng Vn Vinh

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3.3.2. Bin v cch s dng bin:

3.3.2.1. Khai bo bin:
dDim <Tn bin> As <Kiu d liu>d
V d 1: Khai bo bin i kiu Integer
Dim i As Integer
V d 2: Khai bo 2 bin i,j kiu Long
Dim i,j As Long
V d 3: Khai bo bin i kiu Integer, st kiu String di 20 k t
Dim i As Integer, st As String*20
V d 4: Khai bo bin i kiu Variant
Dim i As Variant hoc Dim i
V d 5: Khai bo mng kiu String*15 gm 20 phn t
Dim Hoten(20) As String*15
V d 6: Khai bo mng 2 chiu gm 10 hng 4 ct
Dim A(10,4) As Byte
V d 7: Khai bo 1 mng ng kiu Variant. Mng ng l mng khng c nh chiu di
Dim MyArray()
Sau ny mun dng mng ny ta dng lnh Redim, v d Redim MyArray(5)
3.3.2.2. Phm vi bin:
- Bin cc b: l bin c khai bo sau t kha Dim, n ch c tc dng trong mt
chng trnh con, cc b trong mt Module no . Di y s ch ra 2 trng hp bin cc
b ny:
Trong mt chng trnh con, nu n c khai bo trong chng trnh con .
Trong c mt Module, nu n c khai bo trong phn Decralations ca
Module .
* Bin ch c tc dng sau lnh khai bo Dim
- Bin ton cc: l bin c khai bo sau t kha Public, n c tc dng trong ton
b chng trnh ( bt k ch no c th vit lnh). Loi bin ny lun phi c khai bo ti
vng Decralations ca mt Module no .
V d:

Public tong As Integer

Khng c php khai bo trng tn bin ton cc. Tuy nhin tn bin cc b vn c
th trng tn bin ton cc, trong trng hp VBA s u tin s dng bin cc b trong
phm vi ca n.
3.3.3. Khai bo hng:
Hng (Constant) l i lng c gi tr xc nh v khng b thay i trong bt k hon
cnh no. Tng ng vi tng kiu d liu, s c nhng hng tng ng.
Khai bo hng s bi t kha Const.
V d 8: Hng a=5

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

Const a = 5
V d 9: Hng ngy = 27/09/2013 kiu Date
Const ngay = #27/09/2013#
V d 10: Hng kiu Logic
Const ok = True

3.4. Cc hm thng dng:

3.4.1. Hm d liu s
a) Int(Number): Ly phn nguyn ca Number, l s nguyn ln nht nh hn hay
bng Number.
b) Php ton Mod: Number1 Mod Number2, cho kt qu l phn d ca php chia
Number1 cho Number2
c) Sqr(Number): Cho cn bc 2 ca Number
3.4.2. Hm x l chui
a) Left(Chui,n)
b) Right(Chui,n)
c) Mid(Chui,m[,n]): Tr v chui bng cch ly trong chui ban u t v tr m, n
k t. Nu khng c tham s n th th ly t v tr m n ht chui.
d) Len(Chui)
e) Trim(Chui): Loi b cc khong trng 2 bn ca <Chui>
3.4.3. Mt s hm khc:
a) IIF(<biu thc logic>,<gi tr 1>,<gi tr 2>): Nu <biu thc>
ng hm cho kt qu <gi tr 1>, ngc li hm cho kt qu <gi tr 2>
b) Str(Number): i gi tr s thnh chui
V d 11:

?"A"+Str(123)

?"A"+123

c) Val(<chui s>): i <chui s> thnh s

d) InStr(n,chui1,chui2[,cch so snh]): Tr v v tr xut hin ca
chui2 trong chui1 k t v tr n trong chui1.
Cch so snh gm cc gi tr:
+ vbTextCompare (1): So snh khng phn bit ch hoa v ch thng (ngm nh)
+ vbBinaryCompare (0): So snh theo kiu nh phn c phn bit ch hoa v ch
thng.
V d 12: InStr(1,"abcdab","ab")
?
InStr(2,"abcdab","ab")
?
InStr(1,"abcdab","abd") ?
InStr(1,"abcdab","Ab")
?
InStr(1,"abcdab","Ab",vbBinaryCompare) ?
e) Format(Expression,Format): Tr v chui bng cch nh dng Expression
theo khun dng ca Format.

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V d 13:
Format(5459.4,"#,##0.00")
?
Format(23464.9, "##0.00")
?
Format(0.512, "0.00%")
?
Format("HELLO", "<")
?
Format("This is it", ">")
?
MyDate = #27/09/2013#
Format(MyDate, "dddd, mmm d yyyy") "Friday, Sep 27 2013"
Format(MyDate, "mmm d yyyy")
"Sep 27 2013"

3.5. Cc cu trc lnh BA:

Cc cu trc lnh l thnh phn c bn ca mi ngn ng lp trnh. Thng thng cc
ngn ng lp trnh u c cc cu trc lnh nh nhau: lnh x l iu kin, lnh lp bit trc
s vng lp, lnh lp khng bit trc s vng lp,.. Tuy nhin cch th hin (c php) mi
cu trc lnh c th khc nhau ty thuc vo mi ngn ng lp trnh. Hn na, mi ngn ng
cng c th c mt s im khc bit, c trng trong mi cu trc lnh.
Cng ging nh nhiu ngn ng lp trnh hin i khc, cc cu trc lnh trong VBA u
tun th cc nguyn tc:
- C cu trc: mi cu trc lnh u c t kha bt u v mt t kha bo hiu kt thc;
- Thc hin tun t (loi tr trng hp c bit th tc Goto <Label>);
- C kh nng lng nhau;
3.5.1. Cu trc I End I
C php:
I <iu kin> Then <lnh 1> [Else <lnh 2>]
Hoc
I <iu kin 1> Then
<nhm lnh 1>
[ElseI <iu kin 2> Then
<nhm lnh 2>
...
ElseI <iu kin n> Then
<nhm lnh n>]
[Else
<nhm lnh n+1>]
End If
V d 14: Gii phng trnh bc 2.

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Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

3.5.2. Cu trc Select Case ... End Select

C php:
Select Case <Biu thc>
Case <gi tr 1>
<cc lnh 1>
Case <gi tr 2>
<cc lnh 2>
...
Case <gi tr n>
<cc lnh n>
[Case Else
<cc lnh n+1>]
End Select
Trong : - <Biu thc> lun tr v gi tr l s nguyn, xu k t hoc kiu logic;
- <gi tr> c th thay bng <danh sch cc gi tr>; mt phm vi, chng hn
5 To 9; mt php so snh dng lin t Is, chng hn Is < 4.
Vi cu trc ny, VBA hot ng nh sau:
(1) Tnh gi tr ca biu thc
(2) Kim tra <biu thc> thuc tp <gi tr 1>?
- Nu ng thc hin <cc lnh 1> v kt thc lnh, thc hin lnh tip theo sau t
kho End Select.
- Nu sai, thc hin tip vic so snh <biu thc> thuc tp <gi tr i> tip theo v
x l tng t qui trnh nu trn.
(3) Trong trng hp <biu thc> khng thuc tp <gi tr i>, i=1..n khi c 2 kh
nng:
- Nu c ty chn Case Else th VBA s thc hin <cc lnh n+1>;
- Nu khng c ty chn Case Else, VBA s khng thc hin bt k th tc no
lit k trong vng Select ... End Select c m chuyn ti thc hin lnh tip theo
sau t kho End Select.
V d 15: Vit hm
Songay(t,n) nhn vo 2 tham
s l thng v nm, cho bit
thng c bao nhiu ngy.

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3.5.3. Cu trc l p For ... Next

C php:
For <Bin chy> = <gi tr 1> To <gi tr 2> [Step <n>]
<cc lnh>
[Exit For]
Next [bin chy]
- <bin chy> l bin kiu v hng m c, thng l kiu s nguyn.
- <gi tr 1>, <gi tr 2> l cc gi tr m bin chy s nhn v thc hin dch chuyn sau
mi ln lp. Sau mi ln lp <bin chy> s dch chuyn 1 n v. Nu c ty chn Step <n>
bin chy s dch chuyn n n v, khi nu n>0 s dch tin, ngc li s dch li.
- Trong trng hp c bit nu gp lnh Exit For trong vng lp, ngay lp tc thot
khi lnh lp v thc hin lnh tip ngay sau t kha Next.
V d 16: Tnh tng cc s t 1 n 50, gi tr c lu vo bin tng.
V d 17: Tnh tng cc s chia ht cho 3 t 1 n n, gi tr c lu vo bin tng.
3.5.4. Cu trc l p Do Loop
ng 1 (l p kim tra iu kin trc):
o While <iu kin>
<cc lnh>
[Exit Do]
Loop
ng 2 (l p kim tra iu kin sau):
Do
<cc lnh>
[Exit Do]
Loop While <iu kin>
V d 18: Vit hm tm c s nh nht ln hn 1 ca mt s
?Timuoc(15)

Bi tp:
1. Vit hm Songay(t,n) nhn vo 2 tham s l thng v nm, cho bit thng c bao nhiu
ngy.
2. Vit hm tnh tng sau
3. Vit hm kim tra 1 s c phi l s nguyn t hay khng? (nu nguyn t hm cho kt qu
l True, ngc li hm cho kt qu l False)
S nguyn t l s dng
?KT_NT(8)

1 ch c

c l 1 v chnh n.

4. Vit hm Doc1so (c 1 s) c 1 s thnh ch.

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V d:

Giao trnh Microsoft Excel nang cao

?doc1so(5)

Bien soan: Dng Van Vinh

c l nm

5. Vit hm Amlich, nhn vo nm dng lch cho kt qu l nm m lch

V d:

?amlich(2012) Nhm thn

6. Vit hm Doc3so.
7. Vit hm Doc12so.
8. Vit hm TachTen, dng tch tn ra khi H Tn
V d:

?tachten("Dng Vn Vinh") Vinh