11/22/2012

KHOA CNG NGH

B MN K THUT C KH

BI GING

CNG NGH CH TO

CHNG 6

X L CC KHUYT TT
TRN SN PHM

KHUN MU
Tin s Nguyn Vn Cng
nvcuong@ctu.edu.vn

6.1. L KH

5.1. L KH

Xy ra khi cc dng chy ca nha cng bao quanh cc bt kh. Khuyt tt l

kh lm nha khng th in y hon ton, lm xu b mt SP, to ng sut
nn ln cc vng khc, b gia nhit gy ra cc vt chy trn b mt SP.

1. Trn khun:

thit k b dy SP hp l, to
cn bng dng qua vic thit k h thng knh dn,
h thng thot kh,.

1. nh hng ca s u tin dng chy

Nguyn nhn

2. S khng cn bng dng do b dy

ca SP khng u

Cch khc phc

2. Trn my p phun: gim vn tc phun

3. B tr h thng thot kh cha tt

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5.2. SN PHM B GIN

5.2. SN PHM B GIN

Sn phm sau khi ch to d b rn nt v gy.

1. Vt liu b thoi ha

1. Vt liu: i vt liu, lm kh trc khi

p phun, gim vt liu nghin,

2. ng hn lm yu SP
3. Vt liu kt tinh khng tt
Nguyn nhn

Cch khc phc

2. Trn khun: thit k li cung phun,

knh dn, ming phun hp l

4. ng sut d trong SP ln
5. Vt liu cha c trn tt

3. Trn my: iu chnh nhit , gim p

sut li, thay trc vt, thay vi phun nh hn.

6. Qu nhiu vt liu nghin li

7. Vt liu cha c lm kh tt

5.3. CC M CHY EN

5.3. CC M CHY EN

Sn phm sau khi ch to c nhng m nh mu en b mt hoc ch

phn nha c in y sau cng.

1. Trn khun: loi b cc by, trnh hin

1. Hin tng kt kh (by kh): vn tc

Nguyn nhn

v p sut p cao lm bt kh trong h thng knh

dn v lng khun khng thot ra kp, hoc do h
thng thot kh b tr khng hp l. Kh b nn
p sut v nhit cao lm nha b qu nhit to
ra m chy.

2. Vt liu b thoi ha
Kh b kt

tng qu nhit gy thoi ha vt liu, thit

k li cung phun,knh dn v ming phun.

Cch khc phc

2. Trn my: gim vn tc phun, gim p

sut phun, gim nhit khoang cha liu,
kim tra li cc bng gia nhit trn khoang
cha liu v trn vi phun.

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5.4. CC VT RN NT

5.4. CC VT RN NT

Sn phm sau khi ch to b cc vt rn nt v gy.

1. ng sut d cao
Cch khc phc
Nguyn nhn

2. ng hn lm yu SP

1. Tng b dy sn phm gim ng

sut d.
2. Gim s co rt vt liu theo nhiu
hng.

3. S co rt theo nhiu hng khc

nhau ca nha khi ngui.

5.5. SN PHM B TRC B MT

5.5. SN PHM B TRC B MT

Sn phm sau khi ch to c b mt b trc ln tng lp.

1. Vt liu cha c trn tt

Nguyn nhn

2. Nhit nng chy ca nha trong

lng khun thp

1. Vt liu: trnh dng vt liu bn, loi b

hi m t vt liu, trnh s dng nhiu cht
thot khun.

Cch khc phc

2. Trn khun: thit k trn bng cc

3. Vt liu cha nhiu hi m

ming phun, cung phun, knh dn, ming

phun trnh cc gc sc cnh.

4. Cc gc sc ming phun v knh

dn

3. Trn my: tng nhit khoang cp liu

v nhit khun.

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5.6. SN PHM B HT THIU

5.6. SN PHM B HT THIU

Sn phm b ngn 1 on do in y khng hon ton.

1. Vt liu: loi b hi m t vt liu, gim

1. Khng cn bng dng dn n khng cn

bng p sut dng chy.

Nguyn nhn

vt liu nghin c qu trnh trn tt, i

vt liu mi.

2. Vng chn dng trong van t h b h

khin nha c phun khng u.

Cch khc phc

3. Thi gian nh hnh cha

dn bo m cn bng dng, kim tra h

thng lm lnh nhit khun ng u.

4. Vt liu nghin li cha c trn hon

ton vi vt liu c bn (cha qua s dng).

3. Trn my: kim tra hng hc ca vng

chn vng v bng gia nhit trn khoang cp
liu, tng p sut phun v p sut nh hnh,
tng thi gian phun v thi gian nh hnh.

5. Vt liu c m cao.

5.7. SN PHM B I MU

5.7. SN PHM B I MU

1. Vt liu: bo m lun c gi sch s.

1. Thi gian vt liu nm trong khoang cp

liu qu di.

2. Trn khun: thit k h thng knh dn

2. Nhit khoang cp liu qu cao.

Nguyn nhn

2. Trn khun: thit k li h thng knh

3. Vt liu nghin c mu khc vi mu ca

vt liu c bn.
4. Trc vt khng ph hp.
5. H thng knh dn cha c thit k tt.

Cch khc phc

thch hp gim nhit ma st gy ra qu

nhit nha, h thng thot kh phi ph hp
v kh kt s lm tng nhit gy qu nhit
nha.

3. Trn my: thay trc vt, chn my p

phun khc, gim nhit khoang cp liu
v vi phun, phu cp liu phi lun sch s.

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5.8. SN PHM B MC C

5.8. SN PHM B MC C

Mt c trn b mt sn phm l do vt liu cha

nng chy hon ton khi a vo lng khun.

1. Vt liu: gim vt liu nghin, trnh vt

1. Nhit nng chy thp

liu b trn ln
2. Nhiu vt liu nghin li.

Cch khc phc

Nguyn nhn
2. Trn my: tng nhit khoang cp liu,

3. Vt liu c nhiu cht bn

tng tc quay trc vt,.

4. Tc quay ca trc vt my p chm,

khng to nhit lm nng chy nha.

5.9. SN PHM B BA VIA

5.9. SN PHM B BA VIA

Ba via trn b mt sn phm l do vt liu mng

trn ra ngoi mt phn khun hay v tr c ti y
SP.

1. Trn khun: bo m s n khp ca

khun; mt phn khun khng c khe h,
phi sch, kn; kim tra li kch thc h
thng thot kh.

1. Cc tm khun khng khp nhau

2. Lc km gi khun khng ln.

Nguyn nhn

Cch khc phc

3. iu kin p cha tt do nhit v p sut

qu cao

3. Trn my: tng lc km cho my, gim

4. H thng thot kh cha ph hp hoc qu
su.

nhit khoang cp liu, gim p sut phun,

tng thi gian phun, gim vn tc phun,

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5.10. SN PHM B VT DNG CHY

5.10. SN PHM B VT DNG CHY

L nhng vt dng sng hnh trn xut hin

xung quanh ming phun. Do Nha b ng
c sm

1. Trn khun: thay i kch thc ui

ngui chm, tng kch thc ming phun v
knh dn, gim chiu di cung phun.

1. Nhit lm chy do nha thp

Nguyn nhn

Cch khc phc

2. Nhit khun, tc phun v p sut

phun thp.

3. Trn my: tng p phun, tng nhit

khoang cp liu v vi phun, tng nhit
khun.

3. Kch thc knh dn v ming phun nh

5.11. SN PHM KHNG C IN Y

HON TON

5.11. SN PHM KHNG C IN Y

HON TON
1. Sn phm: tng b dy sn phm
trnh nghn dng chy

1. Dng nha b hn ch

Nguyn nhn

2. Dng chy nha b nghn do lng khun

phc tp.

2. Trn khun: b tr li ming phun hp

Cch khc phc

l, tng kch thc hoc s ming phun, tng

kch thc knh dn, xem li v tr hoc s l
thot kh.

3. Thot kh khng tt

3. Trn my: tng p sut phun, tng vn

4. Nhit khun v nhit chy nha qu
thp, cng sut p khng , mt s b phn
my b h,.

tc phun, tng th tch phun, tng nhit

khoang cp liu, kim tra phu cp liu, kim
tra khoang cha liu v van hi t m,.

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5.12. SN PHM B VT LM V L
RNG (BNG)

5.12. SN PHM B VT LM V L
RNG (BNG)

Xy ra do s co rt khng u gia cc vng

vt liu.

1. Sn phm: gim b dy sn phm ni

c v lm, thit k vu v gn hp l.

1. Do s co rt vt liu trong qu trnh lm

ngui
2. Sn phm c b dy khng u hoc cc
vu li, gn tng cng khng ng.

Nguyn nhn

Cch khc phc

3. Thiu vt liu

on phun, tng p sut phun v thi gian

gi, tng thi gian tin trc vt, gim nhit
ha do, tng thi gian lm ngui, kim tra
van hi t m.

5. Thi gian gi v lm ngui ngn

6. Nhit lm chy do vt liu, nhit khun

qu cao.

5.13. SN PHM B CONG VNH

Do s bin i ng sut bn trong vt liu

gy nn s co rt

Nguyn nhn

v ming phun, lm ln cc l thot kh, t

ming phun hp l.

3. Trn my: tng khong m cui giai

4. p sut phun v nh hnh thp.

5.13. SN PHM B CONG VNH

2. Trn khun: tng kch thc knh dn

1. Xem li cch lm ngui sn phm

1. Cc vng vt liu trn SP ngui ko ng

thi gy ra s co rt khc nhau, to p sut
gy ra cong vnh.

Cch khc phc

2. Xem li hnh dng hnh hc sn

phm

3. Cch b tr ming phun

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5.14. SN PHM B VT BN V SC EN

5.14. SN PHM B VT BN V SC EN

1. Vt liu: khng ti s dng vt liu c vt

bn v st en, gi vt liu lun sch s.
1. Vt liu b bn

Nguyn nhn
2. Vt liu b thoi ha do nhit

Cch khc phc

2. Trn khun: lm sch h thng trt v

y trn khun, lm nhn h thng knh dn,
v sinh khun trc khi s dng.

3. Trn my: chn my thch hp, v sinh

my, gim nhit khoang cp liu v vi
phun.

5.15. SN PHM B S TO UI

5.15. SN PHM B S TO UI

S to ui xy ra khi nha lng c phun vi tc

cao qua nhng vng b gii hn nh: vi phun,
knh dn, ming phun vo nhng vng rng hn.

2. Trn khun: dng ming phun kiu gi

1. Tc RAM ln

Cch khc phc

hoc ngm, kiu bng hoc kiu qut.

3. Trn my: iu chnh tc RAM

Nguyn nhn

2. Ming phun khng tt.

3. Knh dn nng khng thch hp

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5.16. SN PHM B NG HN NI DI

1. Ming phun cha tt

Nguyn nhn
2. B dy SP cha hp l

HT CHNG 5

1. i v tr ming phun, thit k b dy SP

hp l

Khc phc

2. Tng nhit khun v nhit chy do, tng

tc RAM.