Chuong4 1 Ky Thuat TK Khuon

9/27/2012
KHOA CNG NGH
B MN K THUT C KH
CHNG 4
BI GING
K THUT
THIT K KHUN P
CNG NGH CH TO
KHUN MU
4.1. CC VN CN QUAN TM
4.2. CHN LOI KHUN KHI THIT K
4.3. GI THNH KHUN
4.4. THIT K LNG KHUN
Tin s Nguyn Vn Cng

nvcuong@ctu.edu.vn
4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

4.6. THIT K H THNG DN HNG
4.7. THIT K H THNG LI MT BN
4.1. CC VN CN QUAN TM KHI

THIT K KHUN

THIT K KHUN
Mt s vn khc cn quan tm thm l:
Thit k mi c bt u khi nh thit k nhn c

bn v hay mu sn phm. Cc thng tin cn xc
nh:
My gia cng khun thuc loi no?
Bao nhiu lng khun trong 1 khun?
Loi nha dng cho sn phm?

THIT K KHUN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Tnh cht ca nha dng lm sn phm

S lng sn phm cn sn xut, c th tnh s b tui bn khun
Thi gian ca mt chu k p phun (thi, n,)
iu kin s dng ca sn phm
Dung sai lp ghp gia cc sn phm (nu c)
co rt ca nha
Gc thot khun ph hp l bao nhiu?
H thng knh dn no l ph hp? (ngui, nng, c hai)
V tr ming phun, dng chy, ng hn, v tr li sn phm?
Kch thc, kiu ming phun
c im khun (c hoa vn hay khng?)
Cc chi tit thay th cho khun khi cn thit?
Cc thng s ca my p phun (n, thi,): kch thc u phun, cng
sut lm do, .
14. Tnh t ng ca my, thi gian hon thnh?
4
15. Gi thnh sn phm?

KHUN
Khun ba (3) tm
Khun hai (2) tm
Kt cu mt khun
in hnh
Ph bin nht, n gin, r, chu k p

phun ngn hn
H thng knh dn c t trn tm th

2 song song vi mt phn khun chnh
Khun 2 tm 1 lng khun th khng cn

knh dn nha, nha s t in y trc
tip vo lng khun thng qua bc cung
phun.
Knh dn v cung phun c th c ri

ra khi SP khi khun m (t ct ui keo).
Khun 2 tm c nhiu lng khun cn

phi thit k knh dn v ming phun
nha c th in y vo lng khun
cng 1 lc.
KNH DN
NGUI
Khun 3 tm c dng khi ton b h

thng knh dn khng th b tr trn cng
mt mt phng nh khun 2 tm.
Trnh t m cc tm khun
trong khun 3 tm
KNH DN
NNG
Continue
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9/27/2012
Kt cu khun
hai (2) tm
Back
Kt cu khun ba (3) tm
Back
Trnh t m cc tm khun trong khun ba (3) tm

Khun hai (2) tm c knh dn ngui
Back
9

Khun 2 tm c knh dn nng lun gi cho nha nng chy trong bc
cung phun, knh dn v ming phun, nha ch ng c khi no n c
chy vo lng khun.
Khi khun m ra th ch c sn phm c ly ra ngoi (hoc c thm knh
dn ngui).
Khi khun ng li th nha vn nng v c tip tc in y vo lng
khun mt cch trc tip.
Back
10
4.3. GI THNH KHUN
Gi thnh khun phi ph hp cho khch hng.

Gi khun c tnh bi ngi thit k hoc ngi ph trch bo
gi ca b phn kinh doanh.
Gi khun thng da vo kinh nghim v gi ca cc loi khun
c thit k trc.
Gi khun cng da vo tnh phc tp, tnh mi l ca sn phm.
Mc ch a ra gi hp l v c tnh cnh tranh trn th trng.
Khun hai (2) tm c

knh dn nng
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4.4.1. S LNG KHUN
4.4.1. S LNG KHUN

a. S lng khun tnh theo s lng sn phm
Chn s lng khun da vo:

Kch c my (nng sut phun ln nht v lc kp ln nht)
Thi gian giao hng
Yu cu cht lng sn phm
Kt cu v kch thc khun
Gi thnh khun.
S lng khun thng c thit k theo dy s: 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24,
32, 48, 64, 96, 128 do cc lng khun s d dng c xp theo hnh
ch nht hoc hnh trn.
Tnh s lng khun cn thit trn khun da vo: s lng sn phm,
nng sut phun, nng sut lm do v lc kp khun ca my.
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14
4.4.1. S LNG KHUN

b. S lng khun tnh theo nng sut phun ca my p
4.4.1. S LNG KHUN

c. S lng khun tnh theo nng sut lm do ca my
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16
4.4.1. S LNG KHUN
4.4.2. CCH B TR LNG KHUN

Nn m phng qu trnh in y ca tng lng khun m khng c h
thng knh dn bit s in y th no.
d. S lng khun tnh theo lc kp khun ca my
Thit k h thng knh dn to s cn bng dng cho tng lng

khun, trnh cc li trn sn phm.
Cch b tr lng khun thng gp:
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S b tr cc lng khun dng hnh ch nht

S b tr cc lng khun dng hnh trn
19

H thng dn nha c nhim v a nha t vi phun my p
(n, thi,) vo cc lng khun.
H thng gm: cung phun, knh dn, ming phun (thng thit
k knh dn v ming phun trc ri mi n cung phun).
20

Cung phun (sprue)
Ni trc tip vi vi phun ca my a nha vo
knh, dn qua ming phun v vo cc lng khun.
u cung phun nn cng nh cng tt nhng m
bo s in y ng u gia cc lng khun.
Cung phun
Gc cn ca cung phun cn ln d thot

khun nhng ng knh cung phun ng qu ln
v lm tn vt liu v tng thi gian lm ngui.
Knh dn
Ming phun
21

Cung phun (sprue)
22
3 loi bc cung phun ph bin hin nay c ng knh ngoi l 12 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm.

Cung phun (sprue)
Bc cung phun
Vng nh v
23
Cc dng cung phun: a. ko nh cn ngc, b. dng ch Z,

c. ko nh rnh vng,
d. ko nh cht y u bi.
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9/27/2012

Knh dn

Knh dn ngui
L cu ni gia cc ming phun v cung phun, c nhim v a nha vo

cc lng khun.
Ty vo tng loi khun m thit k tit din knh dn cho ph hp.

Tit din ngang ca mt s loi knh dn
Cc nguyn tc cn tun th khi thit k knh dn:

Gim ti thiu s thay i tit din knh dn
Nha knh dn phi thot khun d dng
Ton b chiu di knh dn nn cng ngn cng tt nhm trnh mt p
v nhit trong qu trnh in y
Mt ct knh phi ln m bo s in y cho ton b sn phm
m khng lm thi gian chu k qu di, tn vt liu v lc kp ln.
25

Knh dn ngui
26

Knh dn ngui
Kch thc knh dn
Loi tit din hnh thang c dng cho khun 3 tm, do dng ny
mt khun d b lch nu dng knh dn c tit din hnh trn.
so snh cc loi knh dn, dng ch s
ng knh thy lc Dh v h s cn dng.
Ch s ny cng ln th s cn dng cng b
Kh gia cng knh dn c

tit din ngang hnh trn
27

Knh dn ngui
28

Knh dn ngui
C th xc nh kch thc knh dn theo cng thc

D ng knh knh dn
W khi lng sn phm
L chiu di knh dn
D ng knh knh dn tham kho

fL h s chiu di
Quan h gia khi lng, b dy danh ngha thnh sn phm v ng knh knh dn tham kho
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Kch thc knh dn chnh

u nhc im ca cc loi tit din knh dn
ui ngui chm trn knh dn v cung phun

Trnh hin tng ng c vt liu ngay ch r nhnh, gy nghn dng. Ngoi ra ui
ngui chm gip qu trnh in y nhanh v tt hn.
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32
33

b. Knh dn nng
34

b. Knh dn nng
Knh dn cch ly
Dng cho sn phm c kch thc ln, hoc mng, hoc bng nha cn duy
tr nhit chy do: HDPE, LDPE, POM, PBT, PC,
Bn trong ng dn lun duy tr nha chy do bo m SP c in y
ng b.
Mt s h thng knh
dn nng
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b. Knh dn nng

b. Knh dn nng
Cc loi knh dn gia nhit ngoi
Loi mt u phun
Cc loi knh dn gia nhit ngoi
Loi nhiu u phun
37

b. Knh dn nng
38

b. Knh dn nng
Cc loi knh dn gia nhit trong
Cu to knh dn gia nhit ngoi
39
Cu to knh dn gia nhit trong
40

b. Knh dn nng
b. Knh dn
nng
u nhc im ca loi knh dn gia nhit
Cu to h
thng knh
dn gia nhit
in hnh
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9/27/2012
4.6. THIT K KHUN P PHUN
4.6.1. THIT K H THNG DN NHA
c. Ming phun: l ng ni gia knh dn v lng khun
Phn loi ming phun
c. Ming phun
Ming phun c chc nng quan trng l a nha lng in y vo lng

khun, nn vic tnh ton thit k kch thc ming phun c ngha quyt nh
n cht lng sn phm.
Ming phun trn khun
Ming phun
Ming phun t ct
Ming phun ct bng tay

L loi ming phun dnh theo sn phm
sau khi p phun (n,).
D dng nhn bit SP nha c ming
phun ct bng tay qua vt ct cn li trn
b mt.
L loi ming phun t ri sn phm sau

khi khun m.
t c nh kt cu khun (3 tm) hoc
nh h thng y cung phun & SP.
Nn thit k mc nh c th m bo
tnh thm m ca SP.
Gim nguyn cng ct hon thin SP,
L do s dng:
L do s dng:
SP cn ming phun ln, gip in y tt,
SP lm bng vt liu t b bin dng,
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Gi thi gian chu k cn thit hu nh

khng i qua tt c cc ln phun.
Cn tit din rng phn phi lu lng

ng thi.
44
Ming phun trc tip (Sprue/direct gate)
c. Ming phun
Tnh thm m ca SP (SP c vt ming

phun rt nh),
Ming phun trc tip

Dng cho khun ch c mt lng khun, vt liu
c in y vo khun mt cch trc tip m
khng qua h thng knh dn.
Ming phun kiu bng (Tab gate)

Ming phun cnh (Edge gate)
Mt p trong qu trnh in y l rt b
Ming phun kiu gi (Overlap gate)
Cc loi ming
phun ct bng tay
Nhc im l li vt ct ln trn b mt sn
phm, ng sut cng gn ming phun ln do s co
rt ca phn nha SP.
Ming phun kiu qut

Ming phun kiu a (disk gate)
Ming phun kiu vng (ring gate)
Ming phun kiu nan hoa (spoke/spider gate)
Ming phun kiu mng (flash gate)
Kch thc thit k

ming phun trc tip
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Continue
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Back
Ming phun trc tip v vt ct trn SP
Ming phun kiu bng
Ming phun cnh
Thng dng gim ng sut trong lng khun,

ngn nga li to ui cho cc chi tit phng v
mng.
L loi ming phun thng dng dng cho nhiu

loi sn phm do kt cu n gin, khng cn
chnh xc cao.
ng sut sinh ra trong lng khun s tp trung

bng v s c ct b sau khi hon thnh.
c t trn mt phn khun, in y lng

khun t bn hng, trn hay di.
Ph hp cho loi nha PC, ABS, SAN, Acrylic,
Kch thc thit k ming phun cnh

Kch thc thit k ming phun kiu bng
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Ming phun kiu bng v vt ct trn SP
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Ming phun cnh v vt ct trn SP
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Ming phun kiu qut
Ming phun kiu gi
Thc cht l ming phun cnh vi kch thc b rng bin i.
Tng t ming phun kiu cnh, ch

khc nhau ch ming phun nm
lp trn b mt sn phm.
To dng chy m, in y lng khun nhanh nn ph hp vi nhng SP ln v dy.

To dng chy lan ta nn gip trnh c ng hn ni c b dy mng trn SP.
Nn c lm cn c b rng ln b dy c mt ct ngang khng i. Gip bo m:
vn tc dng chy, p sut khng i, ton b b rng c dng cho lu lng.
Kch thc thit k ming phun kiu qut
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Ming phun kiu qut v vt ct trn SP
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Ming phun kiu a
Ming phun kiu vng

Thch hp cho cc sn phm c dng tr rng gip hn ch vt hn, kt kh
trong qu trnh in y, gim ng sut tp trung quanh ming.
Dng cho cc chi tit c dng tr rng m c yu

cu cao v ng tm v khng c ng hn.
C 2 loi: phun kiu vng ngoi v kiu vng trong
y thc cht l ming phun mng bao quanh

thnh sn phm. Nh th m nha c in y
lng khun mt cch ng u.
Kch thc ming phun

kiu a dng trong thit k
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Ming phun kiu vng ngoi
Ming phun kiu vng trong
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Back

Ming phun kiu vng

Ming phun kiu nan hoa (spoke/ spider gate)
Kch thc khuyn dng cho thit k
Dng cho cc sn phm c hnh ng, d ct b v tit kim vt liu.

Nhc im l sn phm c nhiu ng hn v khng hon ton trn.
Kch thc thng dng cho thit k: dy 0,8 4,8 mm, rng 1,6 6,4 mm.
kiu vng ngoi
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kiu vng trong
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Ming phun kiu mng (Flash gate)
c. Ming phun
Ph hp cho sn phm ln v phng, c bit lm bng nha acrylic.

Gip gim cong vnh sn phm do s phn b nha ng u.
Ming phun im (point gate)
Kch thc thit k

ming phun kiu mng
Cc loi ming
phun t ct
Ming phun ngm

(Tunnel/submarine gate)
Ming phun ca knh dn nng

Ming phun kiu mng v vt ct trn SP
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Thng dng cho khun 3 tm c nhiu lng khun, hay c kch thc lng
khun ln.
Khi thit k ming phun im, thng dng knh dn dng hnh thang hay
hnh thang bin i tin gia cng, lp cht ko h thng knh dn ming
phun ri sn phm d dng hn.
u im chnh: gip b tr nhiu ming phun vo cng mt lng khun khi
lng khun c kch thc ln, qu trnh in y ng thi gia cc vng khc
nhau trn SP din ra nhanh v tt hn.
Lu : khun c th b tng nhit gy qu nhit i vi nhng vt liu c cu
trc si di v nht thp do kch thc ming phun nh.
57
Ming phun im v vt ct li trn sn phm
58
Ming phun ngm (tunnel gate)

Thng dng cho khun 2 tm c nhiu lng khun, khi sn phm nh v
cn ct mt bn
Gm 2 loi: ming phun ngm dng thng v ming phun ngm dng cong.
Kch thc khuyn dng cho thit k ming phun im
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Ming phun ngm v vt ct li trn sn phm
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Ming phun ngm dng thng
Dng cht y
Dng kt cu lng khun
Dng cht y
Dng kt cu lng khun
Qu trnh ct ming phun ngm dng thng
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Kch thc ming phun ngm thng tiu chun
Kch thc ming phun ngm thng hiu chnh
Ming phun ngm dng cong
Qu trnh ct ming phun ngm dng cong

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64

62
Ming phun ngm dng cong
Ming phun cho knh dn nng

Ming phun loi ny c tiu chun ha cng vi h thng knh dn v
cung phun
Kiu c van
Kiu khng c van
Kch thc cho thit k knh dn v

cung phun kiu ngm
Kch thc cho thit k ming

phun ngm dng cong
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9/27/2012
Cc li khuyn khi thit k ming phun trong h thng knh dn ngui
Cc li khuyn khi thit k ming phun trong h thng knh dn ngui
Khi thit k ming phun, cn ch cc vn sau:
Khi thit k ming phun, cn ch cc vn sau:
1. V tr:
2. Kch thc:
Nu c th, nn t ming phun ni dy nht ca sn phm, khng nn t nhng

vng chuyn tip t dy sang mng trnh tt nghn dng chy, vt lm, l rng
trong sn phm.
Ming phun phi c kch thc v v tr thch hp trnh hin tng to ui trn
sn phm.
Nn b tr ming phun i din vi cc rnh thot kh kh trong lng khun c

y ra ngoi hon ton.
B tr ming phun hn ch ng hn t nht.
Bo m hng dng chy to ra s in y ng b trn ton b sn phm, trnh
hin tng kt kh trong qu trnh in y. Nu b kt kh, sn phm d c nhng vt
chy en.
Trng hp khun c nhiu lng khun, tt c cc ming phun nn cng kch thc
c s cn bng dng v p.
3. Tnh thm m:
Nn t ming phun ch kh thy trn sn phm khi c th, v vt ming phun c
th nh hng n thm m ca sn phm.
Khng t ming phun ti nhng vng chu lc trn sn phm v vng gn ming
phun sau qu trnh p phun cn tn ti ng sut d nn rt d b hng khi chu lc.
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4.6.2. THIT K H THNG DN HNG
H thng dn hng gm: Cht dn hng v Bc dn hng.
Cht dn hng
Loi trn (khng c vai)
Loi c vai
69
4.6.3. H THNG LI MT BN
Bc dn hng
Loi trn
(khng c vai)
70
Khi thit k xong mt phn khun cho sn phm, nhiu khi c mt s phn trn
sn phm b vng, khng tho ra c theo hng m khun. Cn phi h
thng li mt bn nhm tho cc phn sn phm b vng.
Loi c vai
1. Tho li mt bn nh hng m khun

2. Tho li mt bn bng xylanh - piston
Loi khng vai
t bi trn
Loi c vai
t bi trn
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a. Cam cht xin Mt s kiu chn c c ch to sn cho li mt bn
a. Cam cht xin
Kiu 1
Kiu 2
Cam cht xin kt hp l xo

Kiu 3: cht sp hoc bi sp
73
74

b. Cht c mt cam

c. Cht do
75
76

d. Cht xin

e. Cht xin kp
77
Khun dng cht xin kp
78
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f. Cam chn ch
Khun bt u m

g. Cht tho c li cn
Khun m hon ton
Mt s kiu u tho ca cht c li cn
79
80

h. Trt theo ng cam
2. Tho li mt bn bng xylanh - piston
Kiu c nm kha
81
Kiu khng c nm kha
82
HT CHNG 4_1
83
14

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9/27/2012

KHOA CNG NGH

Tin s Nguyn Vn Cng

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

4.1. CC VN CN QUAN TM KHI

4.1. CC VN CN QUAN TM KHI

Thit k mi c bt u khi nh thit k nhn c

4.1. CC VN CN QUAN TM KHI

Tnh cht ca nha dng lm sn phm

4.2. CHN LOI KHUN KHI THIT K

Khun hai (2) tm

Ph bin nht, n gin, r, chu k p

H thng knh dn c t trn tm th

Khun 2 tm 1 lng khun th khng cn

Knh dn v cung phun c th c ri

Khun 2 tm c nhiu lng khun cn

Khun 3 tm c dng khi ton b h

4.2. CHN LOI KHUN KHI THIT K

4.2. CHN LOI KHUN KHI THIT K

4.2. CHN LOI KHUN KHI THIT K

4.2. CHN LOI KHUN KHI THIT K

Trnh t m cc tm khun trong khun ba (3) tm

4.2. CHN LOI KHUN KHI THIT K

4.3. GI THNH KHUN

Gi thnh khun phi ph hp cho khch hng.

Khun hai (2) tm c

4.4. THIT K LNG KHUN

4.4. THIT K LNG KHUN

4.4.1. S LNG KHUN

4.4.1. S LNG KHUN

Chn s lng khun da vo:

4.4. THIT K LNG KHUN

4.4. THIT K LNG KHUN

4.4.1. S LNG KHUN

4.4.1. S LNG KHUN

4.4. THIT K LNG KHUN

4.4. THIT K LNG KHUN

4.4.1. S LNG KHUN

4.4.2. CCH B TR LNG KHUN

d. S lng khun tnh theo lc kp khun ca my

Thit k h thng knh dn to s cn bng dng cho tng lng

4.4. THIT K LNG KHUN

4.4. THIT K LNG KHUN

4.4.2. CCH B TR LNG KHUN

4.4.2. CCH B TR LNG KHUN

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

Gc cn ca cung phun cn ln d thot

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

Cc dng cung phun: a. ko nh cn ngc, b. dng ch Z,

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

L cu ni gia cc ming phun v cung phun, c nhim v a nha vo

Ty vo tng loi khun m thit k tit din knh dn cho ph hp.

Cc nguyn tc cn tun th khi thit k knh dn:

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

Kh gia cng knh dn c

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA

C th xc nh kch thc knh dn theo cng thc

D ng knh knh dn tham kho

4.5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA