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Principle
Function groups
Mechanical
Sensor
field,
Coil, Core
Electrical
Sensing face
Oscillator
Demodulator
Trigger
Output
driver
Sensor field
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Inductive sensors
Correction factor
... gives the reduction in sensing distances for target materials which are
not made of Fe 360. Unless otherwise
noted.
Switching frequency f
Motion Control
Factor
1.0
0.25...0.45
0.35...0.50
0.30...0.45
0.60...1.00
0.65...0.75
0.93...1.05
ity
im
ox ch
Pr wit
s
et
rg
ta
rd
da
an
St
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Material
steel
copper
brass
aluminum
stainless steel
nickel
cast iron
Standard target
Standard target
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Sensing face
954
Inductive sensors
Delay Times
... is the time from when the supply voltage is applied,
and the proximity switch assumes the ready state. This time
may not be longer than 300 ms. During this time there must be
no fault signal longer than 2 ms.
Start-up delay tv
... is the temperature range over which the function of the switch
is guaranteed.
Principle
Design and circuitry techniques ensure that magnetic field immune proximity switches remain unaffected by magnetic fields.
Motion Control
Hydraulic
Temperature drift
Electrical
Pneumatic
Mechanical
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Magnetic field
Current
conductor
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Sensor
955
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Inductive sensors
Supply voltage UB
... is the permissible voltage range in which certain safe operation of the switch
is guaranteed (including ripple V.It is indicated in the catalog section for each
product.
Rated
operating voltage Ue
... is the supply voltage UB used for testing without tolerances. To determine the
rated and limit values, the sensor must be operated using Ue. It is:
Motion Control
for AC and
AC/DC switches
Ue = 110 VAC
Voltage drop Ud
... is the voltage measured across the load of a closed (conducting) sensor at
load current Ie.
Rated insulation
voltage Ui
... of a proximity switch is the voltage to which the isolation tests and the creep
distances are referenced. For proximity switches the highest rated operating voltage must be considered as the rated isolation voltage.
Ripple V (%)
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Electrical
Mechanical
for DC switches
Ue = 24 VDC
for AC and
AC/DC switches
Ue = 110 VAC
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Ripple V =
956
Uss
100 [%]
Ue
Rated
operating current Ie
... is the permissible constant output current that may flow through the load Rl.
Off-state current Ir
... is the residual current flowing through the load when a proximity switch is not
conducting (open).
Max. inrush Ik
... in the case of alternating current indicates the current Ik (Aeff) which is permitted
to flow during a given turn-on time tk (ms) and at a given frequency (Hz).
... is 100 A, i. e., per EN 60947-5-2 the power supply during testing in short
circuit mode must be able to provide at least 100 A for a short duration. This current is prescribed in the standard in order to test the short-circuit strength.
... is the current, which flows in the switch, without the need for a load to be
connected (only with 3- and 4-wire-switches).This current supplies the sensor
electronics.
Inductive sensors
Minimum
operating current Im
... is the smallest load current required for function of the switch when ON.
Output resistance Ra
... is the resistance between the output and the supply voltage which is built
into the switch; see Output circuits.
Load capacitance
... is the permissible total capacitance on the output of the switch, including line
capacitance.
Output Circuits
Driver stages
3-wire
DC switches
PNP, sourcing
(current source)
NPN, sinking
(current sink)
Pneumatic
Electrical
Mechanical
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= semiconductor switch
= output resistance
= Z-Diode, limiter
= pol. rev. protect. diode
= pol. rev. protect. diode
in load current circuit
(for short protection
types only)
LED = light emitting diode
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Motion Control
Hydraulic
S
Ra
Dz
D1
D2
2-wire
DC switches
Non-polarized
2-wire
AC and AC/DC switches
(universal current switches)
ground connection for connector version only
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S
Dz
C
GI
LED
= semiconductor switch
= Z-Diode, limiter
= capacitor
= bridge rectifier
= light emitting diode
S
Dz
C
RC
Gl
LED
VDR
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
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semiconductor switch
Z-Diode, limiter
filter capacitor
HF-Peak-limiter
bridge rectifier
light emitting diode
voltage spike limiter
957
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DC 3/4-Wire
Wiring Diagrams
Cable/Terminals
Connector
NPN () sinking
Normally closed
NO/NC
Pneumatic
DC 2-Wire
&
Normally closed
AC-Sensors
Motion Control
Cable/Terminals
Normally open
Normally open
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Connector
Hydraulic
Electrical
Mechanical
Inductive sensors
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Normally open
Polarized
Non-polarized
*2
1
Normally closed
2
3
AC/DC-Sensors
Normally open
*
2
Normally closed
1
2
Wire colors
Coding per DIN IEC 60757 BN
BK
BU
958
WH
brown
black
blue
white
Inductive sensors
Series connection
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3-wire DC switch
2-wire DC switch
(AC/DC)
3-wire DC switch
2-wire DC switch
Mechanical
For parallel
connection
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Electrical
Motion Control
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959
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Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Electrical
Mechanical
(800) 426-5480
Inductive sensors
... protected against any possible lead reversal for sensors with short circuit protection.
...protected against reversal of plus/minus leads for sensors without short circuit
protection.
... in 3-wire sensors prevents improper function. A diode prevents the current from
flowing via the output line A.
... is achieved in Balluff sensors using pulsing or thermal short circuit protection
circuits. The output stage is thereby protected against overload and short circuit.
The trigger current for the short circuit protection is higher than the rated operating
current Ie. Currents from switching and load capacitances are specified in the sensor
data and do not result in triggering, but rather are masked by a short delay in the
output circuit.
Short circuit/overload
protected
(universal AC/DC sensors)
... AC or AC/DC sensors are often operated with a relay or contactor as the load.
AC switching devices (contactors/relays) create a significantly higher load (6...10
rated current) when they are first energized as compared with their static operation
due to the fact that the core is still open.The static value of the load (current) is not
reached until several milliseconds later. Not until the magnetic field is closed does the
max. permissible rated operating current Ie flow through the sensor.This means that
the threshold value for a short circuit condition in these sensors must lie significantly
higher and would, if for example the contactor is prevented for mechanical or electrical reasons from fully closing, result in an overload on the sensors.
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Motion Control
This is where the overload protection comes into play. It is designed as slow-acting
(time-delayed). Its trigger threshold lies only slightly above the maximum permissible
Ie. A response (i. e. turn-off) is delayed, depending on the magnitude of the overload,
by more than 20 milliseconds. This ensures that properly working relays and contactors can be switched normally, while defective devices will not destroy the Balluff
sensor. The short circuit/overload protection is generally of a bi-stable design, which
means that it must be reset by turning off the supply voltage to the sensor.
960
Pneumatic
Electrical
Mechanical
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Motion Control
Hydraulic
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Sensor
The vertical axis in the diagram shows the distance of the switchpoint from the sensing face. It is referenced to the
nominal sensing distance sn. At a distance of 0.8 mm, a laterally approaching target reaches the solid line turn-on
curve at point E and leaves the turn-off curve at point A.
The horizontal axis in the diagram is referenced to the radius of the sensingface. The zero point of this axis lies in
the center of the shell core cap. In our example for the M12 switch, the radius is r = 6 mm. Example: The distance of
the turn-on and turn-off point (from the system axis) is typically E ~ 2.75 mm, A ~ 2.95 mm.
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961
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Inductive sensors
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Switching distance s
... is the distance between the standard target and the sensing
face of the proximity switch at which a signal change is generated per EN 60947-5-2.For normally open this means from
OFF to ON and for normally closed from ON to OFF.
Rated operating
distance sn
... is a theoretical value, which does not take into account manufacturing tolerances, operating temperatures, supply voltages,
etc.
... is the switching distance of a single proximity switch measured under specified conditions, e.g. flush mountable, rated
operating voltage Ue, temperature Ta = +23 C r5 C (0.9 sn d
sr d 1.1 sn).
Pneumatic
Useful operating
distance su
Standard target
sn
Sensing face
Electrical
Mechanical
Switching Distances
sr
110 %
90 %
su
100 %
121 %
Hydraulic
Assured operating
distance sa
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Motion Control
Switching distance
identifier
81 %
... is any switching distance for which an operation of the proximity switch within the permissible operating conditions (temperatures, voltages) is guaranteed (0 d sa d 0.81 sn).
Housing
none
Switching distance
2X
Switching distance
3X
Switching distance
4X
0%
sa
Switching distance
3 mm*
4 mm/M5*
6.5 mm...M30
3 mm*
4 mm/M5*
6.5 mm...M12
M18...M30
1 mm flush
1.5 mm flush
1.5...2x
3 mm non-flush
5 mm non-flush
2.2...3x
depending on version
*Switching distance in mm. The switching distances for these sensors are not standardized.
Repeat accuracy R
... of sr is determined at rated operating voltage Ue under the following conditions: Temperature: T = +23 C r5 CRelative humidity: d 90 % Measuring duration: t = 8 h.
Reference axis
The permissible deviation per EN 60947-5-2 is R d 0.1 sr.
Standard target
Hysteresis H
(switching hysteresis when
target is backed off)
... is given as a percentage of the effective operating distance sr. It is measured at an ambient temperature of +23
C r5 and at the rated operational voltage.
It must be less than 20% of the effective operating distance
(sr). H d 0.2 sr
Sensing face
Assured
switching
distance
962
Proximity
switch
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Inductive sensors
Installation in Metal
Sensors with standard switching distance
Sensing face
Non-flush mountable
proximity switches
Sensing face
Clear zone
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Motion Control
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Pneumatic
Electrical
Mechanical
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Opposing installation
of 2 sensors
Installation medium
Ferromagnetic materials:
Alloys:
Brass, aluminum or
other non-magnetizable
materials.
Other materials:
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963
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(800) 426-5480
Installation in Metal
Sensors with switching distance indicator 2X
Mechanical
Sensing face
Pneumatic
Electrical
3-wire DC
Housing
Dimension
size d
1 mm
3 mm
1.5 mm
4 mm
1.5 mm
M5
0 mm
6.5 mm
0 mm
M8
M12
1.5 mm
M18
2.5 mm
M30
3.5 mm
For Factor 1 sensors the dimension is not needed for installation in metal.
Sensing face
Motion Control
Hydraulic
2-wire DC
Housing
Dimension
size d
M8
0 mm
M12
0 mm
0.7 mm
M18
3.5 mm
M30
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Sensing face
964
Non-flush mountable
proximity switches
Opposing installation
of 2 sensors
Clear zone
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Pneumatic
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Mechanical
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Installation in Metal
Sensors with switching distance indicator 3X and 4X
Quasi-flush mountable
proximity switches
... require a space behind the sensing face which is free of conducting materials.
Under this condition the specified switching distance is available without limitation.
Dimension (see fig.) indicates the shortest distance between the sensing face and
the conductive material behind it.
Switching distance 3X
Housing
Dimension
size d
for installation in
ferromagnetic
other
materials
metals
6.5 mm,M8
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
M12
2.5 mm
2.0 mm
M18
4.0 mm
2.5 mm
M30
8.0 mm
4.0 mm
Clear zone
88 mm
Non-flush mountable
proximity switches
Housing size d
3 mm
4 mm
M5
6.5 mm
M8
M12
M18
M30
Dimension b
t 10 mm t
15 mm
t 15 mm
t 8 mm
t 8 mm
t 10 mm
t 20 mm
t 35 mm
in steel
t 25 mm
in alloy
t 20 mm
in stainless
steel
Opposing installation
of 2 sensors
Housing size
3 mm
4 mm
M5
Switching distance 4X
Dimension
for installation in
ferromagnetic
other
materials
metals
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
4.0 mm
3.0 mm
Sensing
surface
... can be identified by their caps, since they have no metal housing surrounding the
area of the sensing face. The distance from opposing metal surfaces must be t 3sn.
Installation conditions:
Dimension c
t 30 mm t
40 mm
t 40 mm
t 32 mm
t 32 mm
t 48 mm
t 72 mm
t 120 mm
Dimension e
t 10 mm t
20 mm
t 20 mm
t 8 mm
t 8 mm
t 12 mm
t 18 mm
t 30 mm
Sensing face
Clear zone
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... requires for all inductive proximity switches a minimum distance of t 5d between
the sensing faces. For exceptions see table.
Dimension a
20 mm
45 mm
45 mm
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Installation in Metal
SteelFace Sensors
Sensing face
Switching distance 3X
t 4d
x
Steel
x
Aluminum
x
Brass
Electrical
M8
M12
M18
3X Quasi Flush Mount
0mm
0mm
0mm
6mm
8mm
11mm
6mm
8mm
11mm
x
Stainless
Steel
5mm
7mm
10mm
M12
M18
M30
3X Non-Flush Mount
7mm
14mm
28mm
12mm
12mm
28mm
12mm
14mm
28mm
10mm
16mm
35mm
M12
M18
M30
25mm
45mm
70mm
Hydraulic
Sensor
2X Flush Mount
Pneumatic
Mechanical
Fig. 1
Sensing face
Fig. 2
15mm
25mm
40mm
17mm
25mm
40mm
25mm
45mm
70mm
Motion Control
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2X Flush Mount
966
Fig. 3
Steel
Aluminum
Brass
Copper
M12
M18
M30
3X Quasi Flush Mount
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
0.8...1mm
0.8...1mm
0.7...1mm
M12
M18
M30
Ferrous Only
M8
M12
M18
M30
Non-Ferrous Only
M8
M12
M18
M30
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
Stainless
Steel
0.7...0.85mm 0.85...1.3mm 0.5...0.9mm
0.7...0.85mm 0.85...1.3mm 0.5...0.8mm
0.7...0.9mm 0.9...1.2mm
0.5...1mm
1.0mm
0.7mm
0.7mm
0.8mm
0.7mm
0.7mm
1.0mm
0.7mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
0.45mm
0.25mm
0.5mm
0.7mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.1mm
1.1mm
1.1mm
0.9mm
0.9mm
0.9mm
Inductive sensors
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15 mm
Plastic Metal
20 mm
Plastic Metal
35 mm
Plastic Metal
40 mm
Plastic Metal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Basic
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Inductive
sensors
Photoelectric
sensors
Capacitive
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967