Hinh Hoc Khong Gian - Luu Huy Thuong

CHUYN LUYN THI I HC
2013 - 2014
HNH HC KHNG GIAN
BIN SON: LU HUY THNG
H V TN:
LP
:.
TRNG
H NI, 8/2013
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
CHUYN HNH HC KHNG GIAN

PHN I: CC KHI NIM C BN
QUAN H SONG SONG V QUAN H VUNG GC
1: NG THNG V MT PHNG TRONG KHNG GIAN
I/ KIN THC C BN
1. Xc nh mt mt phng
Ba im khng thng hng thuc mt phng. (mp(ABC), (ABC))
Mt im v mt ng thng khng i qua im thuc mt phng. (mp(A,d))
Hai ng thng ct nhau thuc mt phng. (mp(a, b))
2. Mt s qui tc v hnh biu din ca hnh khng gian
Hnh biu din ca ng thng l ng thng, ca on thng l on thng.
Hnh biu din ca hai ng thng song song l hai ng thng song song, ca hai ng thng ct nhau l
hai ng thng ct nhau.
Hnh biu din phi gi nguyn quan h thuc gia im v ng thng.
ng nhn thy v nt lin, ng b che khut v nt t.
II/ CC DNG TON THNG GP

DNG TON 1: Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng
Phng php: Mun tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng ta c th tm hai im chung phn bit ca hai mt phng. Khi
giao tuyn l ng thng i qua hai im chung .
BI TP C BN
HT 1. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. y ABCD c AB ct CD ti E, AC ct BD ti F.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca cc cp mt phng (SAB) v (SCD), (SAC) v (SBD).
b) Tm giao tuyn ca (SEF) vi cc mt phng (SAD), (SBC).
HT 2. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh tm O. M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca BC, CD, SO. Tm
giao tuyn ca mp(MNP) vi cc mt phng (SAB), (SAD), (SBC) v (SCD).
HT 3. Cho t din ABCD. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AC v BC. K l mt im trn cnh BD sao cho KD < KB. Tm
giao tuyn ca mp(IJK) vi (ACD) v (ABD).
HT 4. Cho t din ABCD. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AD v BC.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (IBC) v (JAD).
b) M l mt im trn cnh AB, N l mt im trn cnh AC. Tm giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (IBC) v (DMN).
HT 5. Cho t din (ABCD). M l mt im bn trong ABD, N l mt im bn trong ACD. Tm giao tuyn ca cc cp
mt phng (AMN) v (BCD), (DMN) v (ABC).
B HC V B - CHUYN CN S N BN
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DNG TON 2: Tm giao im ca ng thng v mt phng

Phng php: Mun tm giao im ca mt ng thng v mt mt phng ta c th tm giao im ca ng thng
vi mt ng thng nm trong mt phng cho.
BI TP C BN
HT 6. Cho t din ABCD. Trn AC v AD ln lt ly cc im M, N sao cho MN khng song song vi CD. Gi O l mt
im bn trong BCD.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (OMN) v (BCD).
b) Tm giao im ca BC v BD vi mt phng (OMN).
HT 7. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. M l mt im trn cnh SC.
a) Tm giao im ca AM v (SBD).
b) Gi N l mt im trn cnh BC. Tm giao im ca SD v (AMN).
HT 8. Cho t din ABCD. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AC v BC. K l mt im trn cnh BD v khng trng vi
trung im ca BD. Tm giao im ca CD v AD vi mt phng (MNK).
HT 9. Cho t din ABCD. M, N l hai im ln lt trn AC v AD. O l mt im bn trong BCD. Tm giao im ca:
a) MN v (ABO).
b) AO v (BMN).
HT 10. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh thang, cnh y ln AB. Gi I, J, K l ba im ln lt trn SA, AB, BC.
a) Tm giao im ca IK vi (SBD).
b) Tm cc giao im ca mt phng (IJK) vi SD v SC.
DNG TON 3: Chng minh ba im thng hng, ba ng thng ng qui

Phng php:
Mun chng minh ba im thng hng ta c th chng minh chng cng thuc hai mt phng phn bit.
Mun chng minh ba ng thng ng qui ta c th chng minh giao im ca hai ng thng ny l im
chung ca hai mt phng m giao tuyn l ng thng th ba.
BI TP C BN
HT 11. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. Gi I, J l hai im c nh trn SA v SC vi SI > IA v SJ < JC. Mt mt phng (P) quay
quanh IJ ct SB ti M, SD ti N.
a) CMR: IJ, MN v SO ng qui (O =ACBD). Suy ra cch dng im N khi bit M.
b) AD ct BC ti E, IN ct MJ ti F. CMR: S, E, F thng hng.
c) IN ct AD ti P, MJ ct BC ti Q. CMR PQ lun i qua 1 im c nh khi (P) di ng.
HT 12. Cho mt phng (P) v ba im A, B, C khng thng hng ngoi (P). Gi s cc ng thng BC, CA, AB ln lt
ct (P) ti D, E, F. Chng minh D, E, F thng hng.
HT 13. Cho t din ABCD. Gi E, F, G ln lt l ba im trn ba cnh AB, AC, BD sao cho EF ct BC ti I, EG ct AD ti H.
Chng minh CD, IG, HF ng qui.
HT 14. Cho hai im c nh A, B ngoi mt phng (P) sao cho AB khng song song vi (P). M l mt im di ng
trong khng gian sao cho MA, MB ct (P) ti A, B. Chng minh AB lun i qua mt im c nh.
HT 15. Cho t din SABC. Qua C dng mt phng (P) ct AB, SB ti B1, B. Qua B dng mt phng (Q) ct AC, SC ti C1, C.
BB, CC ct nhau ti O; BB1, CC1 ct nhau ti O1. Gi s OO1 ko di ct SA ti I.
HT 16. a) Chng minh: AO1, SO, BC ng qui.
b) Chng minh: I, B1, B v I, C1, C thng hng.
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DNG TON 4: Xc nh thit din ca mt hnh chp vi mt mt phng (i qua 3 im)

Phng php:
Dng 1: Ba im nm trn ba cnh khng ng phng ca hnh chp :
- Xc nh mt phng cha hai im cho trc.
- Xc nh giao im ca ng thng i qua hai im vi giai tuyn ca mt phng cha n vi mt phng
cha im cn li
- Ni cc on thng vi cc giao im v im cho trc xc nh mt phng ct cc cnh ca hnh chp
* Ch trong khi xc nh thit din cn d on mt phng s ct nhng cnh no ca hnh chp d xc
nh
Dng 2: C hai im nm trn hai cnh cn mt im nm trn mt mt ca hnh chp
- Xc nh giao tuyn ca cc mt.
- Xc nh giao im ca ng ni hai im trn 2 cnh cho vi giao tuyn.
- Xc nh giao im ca ng ni im vi im th ba trn mt cho vi cc cnh ca hnh chp.
Ch : Nu hai im trn hai cnh khng cng thuc mt mt bn th tm giao vi cc cnh ko di v xc nh cc
giao im thuc mt phng ct. c bit hai im nm trn hai ng cho nhau cn xc nh mt mt phng cha
mt im trn cnh v im trn mt cho.
Dng 3: C mt im nm trn cnh cn hai im kia nm trn hai mt khc
- Tm mt phng cha hai trong ba im cho sau tm giao im ca ng thng ni hai im y vi mt
mt thch hp ca hnh chp.
- Xc nh giao im ca cc cnh hnh chp vi mt phng thit din.
BI TP C BN
HT 17. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Gi M, N, I l ba im trn AD, CD, SO. Tm thit din ca
hnh chp vi mt phng (MNI).
HT 18. Cho t din u ABCD, cnh bng a. Ko di BC mt on CE = a. Ko di BD mt on DF=a. Gi M l trung
im ca AB.
a) Tm thit din ca t din vi mt phng (MEF).
b) Tnh din tch ca thit din.
HD:
b)
a2
6
HT 19. Cho hnh chp S.ABC. M l mt im trn cnh SC, N v P ln lt l trung im ca AB v AD. Tm thit din
ca hnh chp vi mt phng (MNP).
HD: Thit din l 1 ng gic.
HT 20. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. Trong SBC, ly mt im M. Trong SCD, ly mt im N.
a) Tm giao im ca MN v (SAC).
b) Tm giao im ca SC vi (AMN).
c) Tm thit din ca hnh chp S.ABCD vi mt phng (AMN).
HD:
a) Tm (SMN)(SAC)
b) Thit din l t gic.
HT 21. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca SB, SD v OC.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (MNP) vi (SAC), v giao im ca (MNP) vi SA.
b) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi (MNP) v tnh t s m (MNP) chia cc cnh SA, BC, CD.
HD:
b) Thit din l ng gic. Cc t s l: 1/3; 1; 1.
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HT 22. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh. Gi M l trung im ca SB, G l trng tm SAD.
a) Tm giao im I ca GM vi (ABCD). Chng minh (CGM) cha CD.
b) Chng minh (CGM) i qua trung im ca SA. Tm thit din ca hnh chp vi
(CGM).
c) Tm thit din ca hnh chp vi (AGM).

HD:
b) Thit din l t gic
c) Tm (AGM)(SAC). Thit din l t gic.
HT 23. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, M l mt im trn cnh BC, N l mt im trn cnh SD.
a) Tm giao im I ca BN v (SAC) v giao im J ca MN v (SAC).
b) DM ct AC ti K. Chng minh S, K, J thng hng.
c) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp S.ABCD vi mt phng (BCN).
HD:
a) Gi O=ACBD th I=SOBN, J=AIMN

b) J l im chung ca (SAC) v (SDM)
c) Ni CI ct SA ti P. Thit din l t gic BCNP.
HT 24. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh thang ABCD vi AB//CD v AB > CD. Gi I l trung im ca SC. Mt phng
(P) quay quanh AI ct cc cnh SB, SD ln lt ti M, N.
a) Chng minh MN lun i qua mt im c nh.
b) IM ko di ct BC ti P, IN ko di ct CD ti Q. Chng minh PQ lun i qua 1 im c nh.
c) Tm tp hp giao im ca IM v AN.
HD:
a) Qua giao im ca AI v SO=(SAC)(SBD).
b) im A. c) Mt on thng.
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2: HAI NG THNG SONG SONG

I. KIN THC CN NH
1. nh ngha
a
b
P
2. Tnh cht
Nu ba mt phng phn bit ct nhau tng i mt theo ba giao tuyn phn bit th ba giao tuyn y hoc
ng qui hoc i mt song song.
Nu hai mt phng ct nhau ln lt i qua hai ng thng song song th giao tuyn ca chng song song vi
hai ng thng hoc trng vi mt trong hai ng thng .
Hai ng thng phn bit cng song song vi ng thng th ba th song song vi nhau.
II.
CC DNG TON
DNG TON 1: Chng minh hai ng thng song song

Phng php: C th s dng 1 trong cc cch sau:
1. Chng minh 2 ng thng ng phng, ri p dng phng php chng minh song song trong hnh hc
phng (nh tnh cht ng trung bnh, nh l Talt o, )
2. Chng minh 2 ng thng cng song song vi ng thng th ba.
3. p dng nh l v giao tuyn song song.
BI TP C BN
HT 25. Cho t din ABCD. Gi I, J ln lt l trng tm cc tam gic ABC, ABD. Chng minh IJ//CD.
HT 26. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh thang vi y ln AB. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SA v SB.
a) Chng minh: MN // CD.
b) Tm giao im P ca SC vi (AND). Ko di AN v DP ct nhau ti I. Chng minh SI // AB // CD. T gic SABI l
hnh g?
HT 27. Cho t din ABCD. Gi M, N, P, Q, R, S ln lt l trung im ca AB, CD, BC, AD, AC, BD.
a) Chng minh MNPQ l hnh bnh hnh.
b) T suy ra ba on MN, PQ, RS ct nhau ti trung im ca mi on.
HT 28. Cho tam gic ABC nm trong mt phng (P). Gi Bx, Cy l hai na ng thng song song v nm v cng mt
pha i vi (P). M, N l hai im di ng ln lt trn Bx, Cy sao cho CN = 2BM.
a) Chng minh ng thng MN lun i qua 1 im c nh I khi M, N di ng.
1
EA. IE ct AN ti F. Gi Q l giao im ca BE v CF. CMR AQ song song vi Bx, Cy v
3
(QMN) cha 1 ng thng c nh khi M, N di ng.
b) E thuc on AM v EM =
HT 29. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh. Gi M, N, P, Q l cc im ln lt nm trn BC, SC, SD, AD sao
cho MN // BS, NP // CD, MQ // CD.
a) Chng minh: PQ // SA. b) Gi K l giao im ca MN v PQ. Chng minh: SK // AD // BC.
c) Qua Q dng cc ng thng Qx // SC v Qy // SB. Tm giao im ca Qx vi (SAB)
v ca Qy vi (SCD).
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Phng php:
Tm mt im chung ca hai mt phng.

p dng nh l v giao tuyn tm phng ca giao tuyn.
Giao tuyn s l ng thng qua im chung v song song vi ng thng y.
BI TP C BN
HT 30. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh thang vi y ln AB. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AD, BC v G l
trng tm ca SAB.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (SAB) v (IJG).
b) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi mt phng (IJG). Thit din l hnh g? Tm iu kin i vi AB v CD
thit din l hnh bnh hnh.
HT 31. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh. Gi I, J ln lt l trng tm ca cc tam gic SAB, SAD. M l
trung im ca CD. Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi mt phng (IJM).
HT 32. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh thang vi cc y AD = a, BC = b. Gi I, J ln lt l trng tm cc tam gic
SAD, SBC.
a) Tm on giao tuyn ca (ADJ) vi mt (SBC) v on giao tuyn ca (BCI) vi mt (SAD).
b) Tm di on giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (ADJ) v (BCI) gii hn bi hai mt phng (SAB) v (SCD).
HD:
b)
2
(a+b).
5
HT 33. Cho t din u ABCD, cnh a. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AC, BC. Gi K l mt im trn cnh BD vi KB
= 2KD.
a) Xc nh thit din ca t din vi mt phng (IJK). Chng minh thit din l hnh thang cn.
b) Tnh din tch thit din .
HD:
b)
5a 2 51
288
HT 34. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh vung cnh a, tm O. Mt bn SAB l tam gic u. Ngoi ra SAD = 900.
Gi Dx l ng thng qua D v song song vi SC.
a) Tm giao im I ca Dx vi mp(SAB). Chng minh: AI // SB.
b) Tm thit din ca hnh chp SABCD vi mp(AIC). Tnh din tch thit din.
HD:
b) Tam gic AMC vi M l trung im ca SD. Din tch
a 2 14
8
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3: NG THNG V MT PHNG SONG SONG

I.
KIN THC CN NH
1. nh ngha
d // (P) d (P) =
2. Tnh cht
Nu ng thng d khng nm trn mt phng (P) v d song song vi ng thng d nm trong

(P) th d song song vi (P).
Nu ng thng d song song vi mt phng (P) th mi mt phng (Q) cha d m ct (P) th ct

theo giao tuyn song song vi d.
Nu hai mt phng ct nhau cng song song vi mt ng thng th giao tuyn ca chng cng
song song vi ng thng .
Nu hai ng thng a v b cho nhau th c duy nht mt mt phng cha a v song song vi b.
II.
CC DNG TON C BN
DNG TON 1: Chng minh ng thng song song vi mt phng

Phng php: Ta chng minh d khng nm trong (P) v song song vi mt ng thng d no nm trong (P).
BI TP C BN
HT 35. Cho hai hnh bnh hnh ABCD va ABEF khng cng nm trong mt mt phng.
a) Gi O, O ln lt l tm ca ABCD v ABEF. Chng minh OO song song vi cc mt phng (ADF) v (BCE).
b) M, N l 2 im ln lt trn hai cnh AE, BD sao cho AM =
1
1
AE, BN = BD. Chng minh MN // (CDFE).
3
3
HT 36. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CD.
a) Chng minh MN song song vi cc mt phng (SBC), (SAD).
b) Gi P l trung im ca SA. Chng minh SB, SC u song song vi (MNP).
c) Gi G1, G2 l trng tm ca cc tam gic ABC, SBC. Chng minh G1G2 // (SBC).
HT 37. Cho t din ABCD. G l trng tm ca ABD. M l 1 im trn cnh BC sao cho MB = 2MC. Chng minh MG //
(ACD).
HD: Chng minh MG song song vi giao tuyn ca (BMG) v (ACD).
HT 38. Cho t din ABCD. Gi O, O ln lt l tm ng trn ni tip cc tam gic ABC, ABD. Chng minh rng:
BC
AB + AC
a) iu kin cn v OO // (BCD) l
=
BD
AB + AD
b) iu kin cn v OO song song vi 2 mt phng (BCD), (ACD)
l BC = BD v AC = AD.
HD: S ng tnh cht ng phn gic trong tam gic.
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HT 39. Cho t din ABCD. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CD v G l trung im ca on MN.

a) Tm giao im A ca ng thng AG vi mp(BCD).
b) Qua M k ng thng Mx song song vi AA v Mx ct (BCD) ti M. Chng minh B, M, A thng hng v BM =
MA = AN.
c) Chng minh GA = 3GA.

Phng php: Tm phng ca giao tuyn. T xc nh thit din ca hnh chp to bi mt phng song song vi
mt hoc hai ng thng cho trc.
BI TP C BN
HT 40. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. M, N l hai im trn AB, CD. Mt phng (P) qua MN v song song vi SA.
a) Tm cc giao tuyn ca (P) vi (SAB) v (SAC).
b) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi mt phng (P).
c) Tm iu kin ca MN thit din l hnh thang.
HD:
c) MN // BC
HT 41. Trong mt phng (P), cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, B = 600, AB = a. Gi O l trung im ca BC. Ly im S
ngoi (P) sao cho SB = a v SB OA. Gi M l 1 im trn cnh AB. Mt phng (Q) qua M v song song vi SB v OA,
ct BC, SC, SA ln lt ti N, P, Q. t x = BM (0 < x < a).
a) Chng minh MNPQ l hnh thang vung.
b) Tnh din tch hnh thang . Tm x din tch ln nht.
HD:
b) SMNPQ =
x (4a 3x )
2a
. SMNPQ t ln nht khi x =
4
3
HT 42. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. M, N l hai im bt k trn SB, CD. Mt phng (P) qua MN v song song vi SC.
a) Tm cc giao tuyn ca (P) vi cc mt phng (SBC), (SCD), (SAC).
b) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi mt phng (P).
HT 43. Cho t din ABCD c AB = a, CD = b. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AB v CD. Mt phng (P) i qua mt im
M trn on IJ v song song vi AB v CD.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (P) vi (ICD).
b) Xc nh thit din ca t din ABCD vi (P).
HT 44. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh. Gi C l trung im ca SC, M l 1 im di ng trn cnh SA.
Mt phng (P) di ng lun i qua CM v song song vi BC.
a) Chng minh (P) lun cha mt ng thng c nh.
b) Xc nh thit din m (P) ct hnh chp SABCD. Xc nh v tr im M thit din l hnh bnh hnh.
c) Tm tp hp giao im ca 2 cnh i ca thit din khi M di ng trn cnh SA.
HD:
a) ng thng qua C v song song vi BC.
b) Hnh thang. Hnh bnh hnh khi M l trung im ca SA.

c) Hai na ng thng.
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4: HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG

I.
KIN THC CN NH
1. nh ngha
(P) // (Q) (P) (Q) =
2. Tnh cht
Nu mt phng (P) cha hai ng thng a, b ct nhau v cng song song vi mt phng (Q) th (P) song song vi
(Q).
Nu ng thng d song song vi mp(P) th c duy nht mt mp(Q) cha d v song song vi (P).
Hai mt phng phn bit cng song song vi mt phng th ba th song song vi nhau.
Cho mt im A (P). khi mi ng thng i qua A v song song vi (P) u nm trong mt mp(Q) i qua A
v song song vi (P).
Nu mt mt phng ct mt trong hai mt phng song song th cng ct mt phng kia v cc giao tuyn ca
chng song song vi nhau.
Hai mt phng song song chn trn hai ct tuyn song song nhng on thng bng nhau.
nh l Thales: Ba mt phng i mt song song chn trn hai ct tuyn bt k nhng on thng tng ng t l.
nh l Thales o: Gi s trn hai ng thng d v d ln lt ly cc im A, B, C v A, B, C sao cho:
II. CC DNG TON C BN

DNG TON 1: Chng minh hai mt phng song song
Phng php: Chng minh mt phng ny cha hai ng thng ct nhau ln lt song song vi hai ng thng
trong mt phng kia.
BI TP C BN
HT 45. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SA, SD.
a) Chng minh (OMN) // (SBC).
b) Gi P, Q l trung im ca AB, ON. Chng minh PQ // (SBC).
HT 46. Cho t din ABCD. Gi I, J l hai im di ng ln lt trn cc cnh AD, BC sao cho lun c:
IA
JB
.
=
ID JC
a) CMR: IJ lun song song vi 1 mt phng c nh.

b) Tm tp hp im M chia on IJ theo t s k cho trc.
HD:
a) IJ song song vi mp qua AB v song song CD.

b) Tp hp im M l on EF vi E, F l cc im chia AB, CD theo t s k.
HT 47. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SA v CD.
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a) CMR: (OMN) // (SBC).

b) Gi I l trung im ca SD, J l mt im trn (ABCD) v cch u AB, CD. Chng minh IJ song song (SAB).
c) Gi s hai tam gic SAD, ABC u cn ti A. Gi AE, AF l cc ng phn gic trong ca cc tam gic ACD v
SAB. Chng minh EF // (SAD).
HD:
c) Ch :
ED
EC
FS
FB
HT 48. Cho hai hnh vung ABCD v ABEF trong hai mt phng khc nhau. Trn cc ng cho AC v BF ln lt ly
cc im M, N sao cho: AM = BN. Cc ng thng song song vi AB v t M, N ln lt ct AD, AF ti M, N.
a) Chng minh: (CBE) // (ADF).
b) Chng minh: (DEF) // (MNNM).
c) Gi I l trung im ca MN, tm tp hp im I khi M, N di ng.
HD:
c) Trung tuyn tam gic ODE v t O.

Phng php:
Tm phng ca giao tuyn bng cch s dng nh l: Nu 2 mt phng song song b ct bi 1 mt phng th ba
th 2 giao tuyn song song.
S dng nh l trn xc nh thit din ca hnh chp b ct bi 1 mt phng song song vi 1 mt phng cho
trc.
BI TP C BN
HT 49. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O vi AC = a, BD = b. Tam gic SBD u. Mt mt phng (P)
di ng lun song song vi mp(SBD) v i qua im I trn on AC.
a) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi (P).
b) Tnh din tch thit din theo a, b v x = AI.
HD:
a) Xt 2 trng hp: I OA, I OC . Thit din l tam gic u.
2 2
b x 3
2
b) Sthiet dien =
2a
b (a x )2 3
a2
neu 0 < x <

neu
a
2
a
< x <a
2
HT 50. Cho hai mt phng song song (P) v (Q). Tam gic ABC nm trong (P) v on thng MN nm trong (Q).
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (MAB) v (Q); ca (NAC) v (Q).
b) Tm giao tuyn ca (MAB) v (NAC).
HT 51. T bn nh ca hnh bnh hnh ABCD v bn na ng thng song song cng chiu Ax, By, Cz, Dt khng nm
trong (ABCD). Mt mt phng (P) ct bn na ng thng ti A, B, C, D.
a) Chng minh (Ax,By) // (Cz,Dt).
b) Chng minh ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
c) Chng minh: AA + CC = BB + DD.
HT 52. Cho t din ABCD. Gi G1, G2, G3 ln lt l trng tm cc tam gic ABC, ACD, ADB.
a) Chng minh (G1G2G3) // (BCD).
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b) Tm thit din ca t din ABCD vi mp(G1G2G3). Tnh din tch thit din khi bit din tch tam gic BCD l S.
c) M l im di ng bn trong t din sao cho G1M lun song song vi mp(ACD). Tm tp hp nhng im M.
HD:
b)
4S
9
HT 53. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC. Gi H l trung im ca AB.

a) Chng minh CB // (AHC).
b) Tm giao im ca AC vi (BCH).
c) Mt phng (P) qua trung im ca CC v song song vi AH v CB. Xc nh thit din v t s m cc nh ca
thit din chia cnh tng ng ca lng tr.
HD:c) M, N, P, Q, R theo th t chia cc on CC, BC, AB, AB, AC theo cc t s 1, 1, 3,
1
, 1.
3
HT 54. Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD.

a) Chng minh hai mt phng (BDA) v (BDC) song song.
b) Chng minh ng cho AC i qua cc trng tm G1, G2 ca 2 tam gic BDA, BDC. Chng minh G1, G2 chia
on AC lm ba phn bng nhau.
c) Xc nh thit din ca hnh hp ct bi mp(ABG2). Thit din l hnh g?
HD:
c) Hnh bnh hnh.
HT 55. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh a. Trn AB, CC, CD, AA ln lt ly cc im M, N, P, Q sao cho AM =
CN = CP = AQ = x (0 x a).
a) Chng minh bn im M, N, P, Q ng phng v MP, NQ ct nhau ti 1 im c nh.
b) Chng minh mp(MNPQ) lun cha 1 ng thng c nh.
Tm x (MNPQ) // (ABC).
c) Dng thit din ca hnh lp phng ct bi (MNPQ). Thit din c c im g? Tnh gi tr ln nht v nh
nht ca chu vi thit din.
HD:
a) MP v NQ ct nhau ti tm O ca hnh lp phng.
b) (MNPQ) i qua trung im R, S ca BC v AD. x =
a
.
2
c) Thit din l lc gic MRNPSQ c tm i xng l O.

Chu vi nh nht: 3a 2 ; chu vi ln nht: 2a( 2 + 1).
HT 56. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (ABC) v (BAC).
b) Gi M, N ln lt l 2 im bt k trn AA v BC. Tm giao im ca BC vi mt phng (AAN) v giao im ca
MN vi mp(ABC).
HT 57. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC. Chng minh rng cc mt phng (ABC), (BCA) v (CAB) c mt im chung O trn
OG
1
.
HD:
on GG ni trng tm ABC v trng tm ABC. Tnh
OG
2
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N TP
HT 58. Cho t din ABCD c AB = 2a, tam gic BCD vung ti C c BD = 2a, BC = a. Gi E l trung im ca BD. Cho bit
(AB,CE ) = 600 .
a) Tnh 2AC2 AD2 theo a.
b) (P) l 1 mt phng song song vi AB v CE, ct cc cnh BC, BD, AE, AC theo th t ti M, N, P, Q. Tnh din tch
t gic MNPQ theo a v x = BM (0 < x < a). Xc nh x din tch y ln nht.
c) Tm x tng bnh phng cc ng cho ca MNPQ l nh nht.
d) Gi O l giao im ca MP v NQ. Tm (P) OA2 + OB2 + OC2 + OD2 nh nht.
HD:
a) Gi F l trung im ca AD.
Xt CEF = 600 ,CEF = 1200 2AC2 AD2 = 6a2 hoc 2a2.
b) S = x(a x)
3
a
;x=
2
2
c) x =
a
2
d) OA2 + OB2 + OC2 + OD2 = 4OG2 + GA2 + GB2 + GC2 + GD2.

O di ng trn on IJ ni trung im ca AB v CE. Tng nh nht khi O l hnh chiu ca G ln IJ ( G l trng tm
t din ABCD).
HT 59. Cho t din u ABCD cnh a. Gi I, J l trng tm cc tam gic ABC v DBC. Mt phng (P) qua IJ ct cc cnh
AB, AC, DC, DB ti M, N, P, Q.
a) Chng minh MN, PQ, BC ng qui hoc song song v MNPQ thng l hnh thang cn.
b) t AM = x, AN = y. CMR: a(x + y) = 3xy. Suy ra:
4a
3a
.
x +y
3
2
c) Tnh din tch t gic MNPQ theo a v s = x + y.

HD:
b) SAMN = SAMI + SANI
c)
2a s
8as
. s2
.
4
3
HT 60. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. T gic y c AB v CD ct nhau ti E, AD v BC ct nhau ti F, AC v BD ct nhau ti G.

Mt phng (P) ct SA, SB, SC ln lt ti A, B, C.
a) Tm giao im D ca SD vi (P).
b) Tm iu kin ca (P) AB // CD.
c) Vi iu kin no ca (P) th ABCD l hnh bnh hnh? CMR khi :
SA SC SB SD
+
=
+
SA
SC
SB
SD
d) Tnh din tch t gic ABCD.

HD:
b) (P) // SE.
c) (P) // (SEF). Gi G = ACBD. Chng minh:
d) SABCD =
SA SC 2SG
+
=
SA
SC
SG
a2 3
.
32
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5: HAI NG THNG VUNG GC

I.
KIN THC CN NH
a b (a, b ) = 900
Gi s u l VTCP ca a, v l VTCP ca b. Khi a b u.v = 0 .
Lu : Hai ng thng vung gc vi nhau c th ct nhau hoc cho nhau.
II.
CC DNG TON
DNG TON 1: Chng minh hai ng thng vung gc

Phng php: C th s dng 1 trong cc cch sau:
1. Chng minh gc gia hai ng thng bng 900.
2. Chng minh 2 vect ch phng ca 2 ng thng vung gc vi nhau.
3. S dng cc tnh cht ca hnh hc phng (nh nh l Pitago, ).
BI TP C BN
HT 61. Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c SA = SB = SC v ASB = BSC = CSA . Chng minh rng SA BC, SB AC, SC
AB.
HD: Chng minh SA.BC = 0
HT 62. Cho t din u ABCD, cnh bng a. Gi O l tm ng trn ngoi tip BCD.
a) Chng minh AO vung gc vi CD.
b) Gi M l trung im ca CD. Tnh gc gia AC v BM.
HD:
b) cos(AC , BM ) =
3
.
6
HT 63. Cho t din ABCD c AB = CD = a, AC = BD = b, AD = BC = c.

a) CMR on ni trung im cc cp cnh i din th vung gc vi 2 cnh .
b) Tnh gc hp bi cc cnh i ca t din.
HD:
b) arccos
a 2 c2
b2
; arccos
b2 c 2
a2
; arccos
a 2 b2
c2
HT 64. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh vi AB = a, AD = 2a, SAB l tam gic vung cn ti A, M l im
trn cnh AD (M A v D). Mt phng (P) qua M song song vi mp(SAB) ct BC, SC, SD ln lt ti N, P, Q.
a) Chng minh MNPQ l hnh thang vung.
b) t AM = x. Tnh din tch ca MNPQ theo a v x.
HT 65. Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c tt c cc cnh u bng nhau. Chng minh rng AC BD, AB CD, AD CB.
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6: NG THNG VUNG GC VI MT PHNG

I.
KIN THC CN NH
1. nh ngha
d (P) d a, a (P)
2. iu kin ng thng vung gc vi mt phng
3. Tnh cht
Mt phng trung trc ca mt on thng l mt phng vung gc vi on thng ti trung im ca n.
Mt phng trung trc ca on thng l tp hp cc im cch u hai u mt ca on thng .
4. nh l ba ng vung gc
, a l hnh chiu ca a trn (P). Khi b a b a
Cho
5. Gc gia ng thng v mt phng

Nu d (P) th
Nu
Ch : 00
= 900.
th
vi d l hnh chiu ca d trn (P).
900.
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GV.Lu Huy Thng

II.
0968.393.899
CC DNG TON
DNG TON 1: Chng minh ng thng vung gc vi mt phng. Chng minh hai ng thng vung gc
* Chng minh ng thng vung gc vi mt phng
chng minh d (P), ta c th chng minh bi mt trong cc cch sau:
Chng minh d vung gc vi hai ng thng a, b ct nhau nm trong (P).

Chng minh d vung gc vi (Q) v (Q) // (P).
Chng minh d // a v a (P).
* Chng minh hai ng thng vung gc
chng minh d a, ta c th chng minh bi mt trong cc cch sau:
Chng minh d vung gc vi (P) v (P) cha a.

S dng nh l ba ng vung gc.
S dng cc cch chng minh bit phn trc.
BI TP C BN
HT 66. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh vung tm O. SA (ABCD). Gi H, I, K ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca
A trn SB, SC, SD.
a) CMR: BC (SAB), CD (SAD), BD (SAC).
b) CMR: AH, AK cng vung gc vi SC. T suy ra 3 ng thng AH, AI, AK cng nm trong mt mt phng.
c) CMR: HK (SAC). T suy ra HK AI.
HT 67. Cho t din SABC c tam gic ABC vung ti B; SA (ABC).
a) Chng minh: BC (SAB).
b) Gi AH l ng cao ca SAB. Chng minh: AH SC.
HT 68. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y ABCD l hnh thoi tm O. Bit: SA = SC, SB = SD.
a) Chng minh: SO (ABCD).
b) Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh BA, BC. CMR: IJ (SBD).
HT 69. Cho t din ABCD c ABC v DBC l 2 tam gic u. Gi I l trung im ca BC.
a) Chng minh: BC (AID).
b) V ng cao AH ca AID. Chng minh: AH (BCD).
HT 70. Cho t din OABC c OA, OB, OC i mt vung gc vi nhau. Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca im O trn
mp(ABC). Chng minh rng:
a) BC (OAH).
b) H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC.
c)
1
OH 2
1
OA2
1
OB 2
1
OC 2
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d) Cc gc ca tam gic ABC u nhn.

HT 71. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh vung cnh a. Mt bn SAB l tam gic u; SAD l tam gic vung cn
nh S. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AB v CD.
a) Tnh cc cnh ca SIJ v chng minh rng SI (SCD), SJ (SAB).
b) Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn IJ. CMR: SH AC.
c) Gi M l mt im thuc ng thng CD sao cho: BM SA. Tnh AM theo a.
HD:
a) a,
a a 3
,
2 2
c)
a 5
2
HT 72. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAB l tam gic u v SC = a 2 . Gi H v K ln
lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB v AD.
a) CMR: SH (ABCD).
b) Chng minh: AC SK v CK SD.
HT 73. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh ch nht c AB = a, BC = a 3 , mt bn SBC vung ti B, mt bn SCD
vung ti D c SD = a 5 .
a) Chng minh: SA (ABCD) v tnh SA.
b) ng thng qua A v vung gc vi AC, ct cc ng thng CB, CD ln lt ti I, J. Gi H l hnh chiu ca A
trn SC. Hy xc nh cc giao im K, L ca SB, SD vi mp(HIJ). CMR: AK (SBC), AL (SCD).
c) Tnh din tch t gic AKHL.
HD:
a) a 2 .
c)
8a 2
.
15
HT 74. Gi I l 1 im bt k trong ng trn (O;R). CD l dy cung ca (O) qua I. Trn ng thng vung gc vi
mt phng cha ng trn (O) ti I ta ly im S vi OS = R. Gi E l im i tm ca D trn ng trn (O). Chng
minh rng:
a) Tam gic SDE vung ti S.
b) SD CE.
c) Tam gic SCD vung.
HT 75. Cho MAB vung ti M trong mt phng (P). Trn ng thng vung gc vi (P) ti A ta ly 2 im C, D hai
bn im A. Gi C l hnh chiu ca C trn MD, H l giao im ca AM v CC.
a) Chng minh: CC (MBD).
b) Gi K l hnh chiu ca H trn AB. CMR: K l trc tm ca BCD.
HT 76. Cho hnh t din ABCD.
a) Chng minh rng: AB CD AC2 AD2 = BC2 BD2.
b) T suy ra nu mt t din c 2 cp cnh i vung gc vi nhau th cp cnh i cn li cng vung gc vi
nhau.
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DNG TON 2: Tm thit din qua mt im v vung gc vi mt ng thng

Phng php: Tm 2 ng thng ct nhau cng vung gc vi ng thng cho, khi mt phng ct s song song
(hoc cha) vi 2 ng thng y.
BI TP C BN
HT 77. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh thang vung ti A v B vi AB = BC = a, AD = 2a; SA (ABCD) v SA = 2a.
Gi M l 1 im trn cnh AB. Mt phng (P) qua M v vung gc vi AB. t AM = x (0 < x < a).
a) Tm thit din ca hnh chp vi (P). Thit din l hnh g?
b) Tnh din tch thit din theo a v x.
HD:
a) Hnh thang vung
b) S = 2a(a x).
HT 78. Cho t din SABC, c y l tam gic u cnh a; SA (ABC) v SA = 2a. Mt phng (P) qua B v vung gc vi
SC. Tm thit din ca t din vi (P) v tnh din tch ca thit din ny.
HD:
S=
a 2 15
.
20
HT 79. Cho t din SABC vi ABC l tam gic vung cn nh B, AB = a. SA (ABC) v SA = a 3 . M l 1 im tu trn
cnh AB, t AM = x (0 < x < a). Gi (P) l mt phng qua M v vung gc vi AB.
a) Tm thit din ca t din vi (P).
b) Tnh din tch ca thit din theo a v x. Tm x din tch thit din c gi tr ln nht.
HD:
b) S =
3 x(a x); S ln nht khi x =
a
.
2
HT 80. Cho hnh t din SABC vi ABC l tam gic u cnh a, SA (ABC) v SA = a. Tm thit din ca t din vi mt
phng (P) v tnh din tch thit din trong cc trng hp sau:
a) (P) qua S v vung gc vi BC.
b) (P) qua A v vung gc vi trung tuyn SI ca tam gic SBC.
c) (P) qua trung im M ca SC v vung gc vi AB.
HD:
a)
a2 3
.
4
b)
2a 2 21
.
49
c)
5a 2 3
.
32
HT 81. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh vung cnh a, SA (ABCD) v SA = a 2 . V ng cao AH ca tam gic
SAB.
SH
2
a) CMR:
= .
SB
3
b) Gi (P) l mt phng qua A v vung gc vi SB. (P) ct hnh chp theo thit din l hnh g? Tnh din tch thit
din.
HD:
b) S =
5a 2 6
18
DNG TON 3: Gc gia ng thng v mt phng

Phng php: Xc nh gc gia ng thng a v mt phng (P).
Tm giao im O ca a vi (P).
Chon im A a v dng AH (P). Khi AOH = (a,(P ))
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BI TP C BN
HT 82. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, tm O; SO (ABCD). Gi M, N ln lt l trung im
ca cc cnh SA v BC. Bit (MN ,(ABCD )) = 600 .
a) Tnh MN v SO.
b) Tnh gc gia MN v (SBD).
HD:
a) MN =
a 10
a 30
; SO =
2
2
b) sin (MN ,(SBD )) =
5
.
5
HT 83. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a; SA (ABCD) v SA = a 6 . Tnh gc gia:
a) SC v (ABCD)
b) SC v (SAB) c) SB v (SAC)
d) AC v (SBC)
HD:
a) 600
b) arctan
c) arcsin
1
14
d) arcsin
21
.
7
HT 84. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y ABCD l hnh ch nht; SA (ABCD). Cnh SC = a hp vi y gc v hp vi
mt bn SAB gc .
a) Tnh SA.
b) CMR: AB = a cos( + ). cos( ) .
HD:
a) a.sin
HT 85. Cho hnh chp SABC, c ABC l tam gic cn, AB = AC = a, BAC = . Bit SA, SB, SC u hp vi mt phng
(ABC) gc .
a) CMR: hnh chiu ca S trn mp(ABC) l tm ca ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
b) Tnh khong cch t S n mp(ABC).
2 .
b)
cos
a . sin
HD:
HT 86. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC, c y l tam gic u cnh a, AA (ABC). ng cho BC ca mt bn BCCB hp
vi (ABBA) gc 300.
a) Tnh AA.
b) Tnh khong cch t trung im M ca AC n (BAC).
c) Gi N l trung im ca cnh BB. Tnh gc gia MN v (BAC).
HD:
a) a 2 .
b)
a 66
.
11
c) arcsin
54
.
55
HT 87. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC, c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti A; AA (ABC). on ni trung im M ca AB v
trung im N ca BC c di bng a, MN hp vi y gc v mt bn BCCB gc .
a) Tnh cc cnh y v cnh bn ca lng tr theo a v .
b) Chng minh rng: cos =
HD:
2 sin.
a) AB = AC = 2a.cos; BC = 2a 2 cos;
AA = a.sin.
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7 HAI MT PHNG VUNG GC

I. KIN THC CN NH
1. Gc gia hai mt phng
a (P )
((P ),(Q )) = (a, b )
b (Q )
a (P ), a c
Gi s (P) (Q) = c. T I c, dng
(P ),(Q ) = (a, b )
b (Q ), b c
Ch :
00 ((P ),(Q )) 900
2. Din tch hnh chiu ca mt a gic
Gi S l din tch ca a gic (H) trong (P), S l din tch ca hnh chiu (H) ca (H) trn (Q), = (P ),(Q ) . Khi
:
S = S.cos
3. Hai mt phng vung gc
(P) (Q) (P ),(Q ) = 900
(P ) a
(P ) (Q )
iu kin hai mt phng vung gc vi nhau:
a (Q )
4. Tnh cht
(P ) (Q ),(P ) (Q ) = c
a (Q )
a (P ), a c
(P ) (Q )
a (P )
A (P )
a A, a (Q )
(P ) (Q ) = a
a (R)
(P ) (R)
(Q ) (R)
II.
CC DNH TON
DNG TON 1: Gc gia hai mt phng

Phng php: Mun tm gc gia hai mt phng (P) v (Q) ta c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau:
Tm hai ng thng a, b: a (P), b (Q). Khi : ((P ),(Q )) = (a, b ) .

a (P ), a c
Gi s (P) (Q) = c. T I c, dng
((P ),(Q )) = (a, b )
b (Q ), b c
BI TP C BN
HT 88. Cho hnh chp SABC, c y ABC l tam gic vung cn vi BA = BC = a; SA (ABC) v
l trung im ca cc cnh AB v AC.
a) Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBC).
SA = a. Gi E, F ln lt
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b) Tnh gc gia 2 mt phng (SEF) v (SBC).

HD:
a) (SAC ),(SBC ) = 600 b) cos ((SEF ),(SBC )) =
10
HT 89. Cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a, tm O; SA (ABCD). Tnh SA theo a s o ca gc gia hai mt phng (SCB) v
(SCD) bng 600.
HD:
SA = a.
HT 90. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip ng trn ng knh AB = 2a; SA (ABCD)
v SA = a 3 .
a) Tnh gc gia 2 mt phng (SAD) v (SBC).
b) Tnh gc gia 2 mt phng (SBC) v (SCD).
HD:
a) tan ((SAD ),(SBC )) = 7
b) cos ((SBC ),(SCD )) =
10
.
5
HT 91. Cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a, SA (ABCD) v SA = a 3 . Tnh gc gia cc cp mt phng sau:
a) (SBC) v (ABC) b) (SBD) v (ABD)
c) (SAB) v (SCD)
HD:
b) arctan 6
a) 600
HT 92. Cho hnh thoi ABCD cnh a, tm O, OB =
c) 300.
a 3
a 6
; SA (ABCD) v SO =
.
3
3
a) Chng minh ASC vung.

b) Chng minh hai mt phng (SAB) v (SAD) vung gc.
c) Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (ABC).
HD:
c) 600.
HT 93. Cho hnh chp SABCD c SA (ABCD) v SA = a 2 , y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D vi AB = 2a, AD =
DC = a. Tnh gc gia cc cp mt phng:
a) (SBC) v (ABC) b) (SAB) v (SBC)
c) (SBC) v (SCD)
HD:
a) 450
b) 600
c) arccos
6
.
3
DNG TON 2: Chng minh hai mt phng vung gc. Chng minh ng thng vung gc vi mt phng.
* Chng minh hai mt phng vung gc
chng minh (P) (Q), ta c th chng minh bi mt trong cc cch sau:
Chng minh trong (P) c mt ng thng a m a (Q).

Chng minh ((P ),(Q )) = 900
* Chng minh ng thng vung gc vi mt phng
chng minh d (P), ta c th chng minh bi mt trong cc cch sau:
Chng minh d (Q) vi (Q) (P) v d vung gc vi giao tuyn c ca (P) v (Q).
Chng minh d = (Q) (R) vi (Q) (P) v (R) (P).
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S dng cc cch chng minh bit phn trc.

BI TP C BN
HT 94. Cho tam gic u ABC, cnh a. Gi D l im i xng vi A qua BC. Trn ng thng vung gc vi mp(ABC)
ti D ly im S sao cho SD = a 6 . Chng minh hai mt phng (SAB) v (SAC) vung gc vi nhau.
HT 95. Cho hnh t din ABCD c hai mt ABC v ABD cng vung gc vi y DBC. V cc ng cao BE, DF ca BCD,
ng cao DK ca ACD.
a) Chng minh: AB (BCD).
b) Chng minh 2 mt phng (ABE) v (DFK) cng vung gc vi mp(ADC).
c) Gi O v H ln lt l trc tm ca 2 tam gic BCD v ADC. CMR: OH (ADC).
HT 96. Cho hnh chp SABCD, y ABCD l hnh vung, SA (ABCD).
a) Chng minh (SAC) (SBD).
b) Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (SAD) v (SCD).
c) Gi BE, DF l hai ng cao ca SBD. CMR: (ACF) (SBC), (AEF) (SAC).
HD:
b) 900.
Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA (ABCD). Gi M, N l 2 im ln lt trn 2
a
3a
. Chng minh 2 mt phng (SAM) v (SMN) vung gc vi nhau.
cnh BC, DC sao cho BM = , DN =
2
4
HT 98. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. V BB v CC cng vung gc vi mp(ABC).
a) Chng minh (ABB) (ACC).
HT 97.
b) Gi AH, AK l cc ng cao ca ABC v ABC. Chng minh 2 mt phng (BCCB) v (ABC) cng vung gc
vi mt phng (AHK).
HT 99. Cho hnh chp SABCD, y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAB l tam gic u v vung gc vi y. Gi
I l trung im ca AB.
a) Chng minh rng SI (ABCD), AD (SAB).
b) Tnh gc gia BD v mp(SAD).
c) Tnh gc gia SD v mp(SCI).
HD:
b) arcsin
6
4
c) arcsin
10
5
HT 100. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c AB = c, AC = b. Gi (P) l mt phng qua BC v vung gc vi mp(ABC); S l 1
im di ng trn (P) sao cho SABC l hnh chp c 2 mt bn SAB, SAC hp vi y ABC hai gc c s o ln lt l
v . Gi H, I, J ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn BC, AB, AC..

2
a) Chng minh rng: SH2 = HI.HJ.
b) Tm gi tr ln nht ca SH v khi hy tm gi tr ca .
HD:
b) SHmax =
1
bc ;
2
= arctan
c
b
HT 101. Cho hnh t din ABCD c AB = BC = a, AC = b, DB = DC = x, AD = y. Tm h thc lin h gia a, b, x, y :

a) Mt phng (ABC) (BCD).
b) Mt phng (ABC) (ACD).
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HD:
a) x2 y2 +
0968.393.899
b2
=0
2
b) x2 y2 + b2 2a2 = 0
HT 102. Cho hnh chp SABCD, y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA (ABCD) ; M v N l hai im nm trn cc cnh
BC, CD. t BM = x, DN = y.
a) Chng minh rng iu kin cn v hai mt phng (SAM) v (SMN) vung gc vi nhau l MN (SAM). T
suy ra h thc lin h gia x v y.
b) Chng minh rng iu kin cn v gc gia hai mt phng (SAM) v (SAN) c s o bng 300 l a(x + y) +
3 xy = a2 3 .
HD:
a) a2 a(x + y) + x2 = 0
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi tm I cnh a v c gc A bng 600, cnh SC =
HT 103.
a 6
v SC
2
(ABCD).
a) Chng minh (SBD) (SAC).
b) Trong tam gic SCA k IK SA ti K. Tnh di IK.
c) Chng minh BKD = 900 v t suy ra (SAB) (SAD).
HD:
b) IK =
a
.
2
DNG TON 3: Tnh din tch hnh chiu ca a gic
Phng php: Gi S l din tch ca a gic (H) trong (P), S l din tch ca hnh chiu (H) ca (H) trn (Q), = (P ),(Q )
. Khi :
S = S.cos
BI TP C BN
HT 104. Cho hnh thoi ABCD c nh A trong mt phng (P), cc nh khc khng trong (P), BD = a, AC = a 2 .
Chiu vung gc hnh thoi ln mt phng (P) ta c hnh vung ABCD.
a) Tnh din tch ca ABCD v ABCD. Suy ra gc gia (ABCD) v (P).
b) Gi E v F ln lt l giao im ca CB, CD vi (P). Tnh din tch ca t gic EFDB v EFDB.
HD:
a) 450
b) SEFDB =
3a 2 2
3a 2
; SEFDB =
4
4
HT 105. Cho tam gic cn ABC c ng cao AH = a 3 , y BC = 3a; BC (P). Gi A l hnh chiu ca A trn (P). Khi
ABC vung ti A, tnh gc gia (P) v (ABC).
HD:
300
HT 106. Cho tam gic u ABC cnh a, nm trong mt phng (P). Trn cc ng thng vung gc vi (P) v t B v C
a 2
, CE = a 2 nm cng mt bn i vi (P).
2
a) Chng minh tam gic ADE vung. Tnh din tch ca tam gic ADE.
ly cc on BD =
b) Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (ADE) v (P).

HD:
a)
3a 2
4
b) arccos
3
3
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HT 107. Cho hnh chp SABC c cc mt bn hp vi y mt gc .

a) Chng minh hnh chiu ca S trn mp(ABC) l tm ca ng trn ni tip ABC.
b) Chng minh:
SSAB + SSBC + SSCA =
SABC
cos
HT 108. Cho t din SABC c SA, SB, SC i mt vung gc. Gi H l trc tm ca ABC. Chng minh rng:
a) SH (ABC).
b) (SSBC)2 = SABC.SHBC. T suy ra: (SABC)2 = (SSAB)2 + (SSBC)2 +(SSCA)2.
HT 109. Trong mt phng (P) cho OAB vung ti O, AB = 2a, OB = a. Trn cc tia vung gc vi (P) v t A v B v
v cng mt bn i vi (P), ly AA = a, BB = x.
a) nh x tam gic OAB vung ti O.
b) Tnh AB, OA, OB theo a v x. Chng t tam gic OAB khng th vung ti B. nh x tam gic ny vung ti
A.
c) Cho x = 4a. V ng cao OC ca OAB. Chng minh rng CA AB. Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (OAB) v
(P).
HD:
a) x = 0
b) x = 4ac) arccos
39
26
8 KHONG CCH
I. KIN THC C BN
1. Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng, n mt mt phng
d (M , a ) = MH
d (M ,(P )) = MH
trong H l hnh chiu ca M trn a hoc (P).
2. Khong cch gia ng thng v mt phng song song, gia hai mt phng song song
d(a,(P)) = d(M,(P))
trong M l im bt k nm trn a.
d((P),(Q) = d(M,(Q))
trong M l im bt k nm trn (P).
3. Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau

ng thng ct c a, b v cng vung gc vi a, b c gi l ng vung gc
chung ca a, b.
Nu ct a, b ti I, J th IJ c gi l on vung gc chung ca a, b.
di on IJ c gi l khong cch gia a, b.
Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau bng khong cch gia mt trong hai
phng cha ng thng kia v song song vi n.
ng thng vi mt
Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau bng khong cch gia hai mt phng song song ln lt cha
hai ng thng .
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II.
0968.393.899
CC DNG TON
DNG TON 1: Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau

Phng php: Dng on vung gc chung ca hai ng thng cho nhau a v b.
Cch 1: Gi s a b:
Dng mt phng (P) cha b v vung gc vi a ti A.

Dng AB b ti B
AB l on vung gc chung ca a v b.
Cch 2: S dng mt phng song song.
Dng mt phng (P) cha b v song song vi a.

Chn M a, dng MH (P) ti H.
T H dng ng thng a // a, ct b ti B.
T B dng ng thng song song MH, ct a ti A.
Ch : d(a,b) = AB = MH = a(a,(P)).
Cch 3: S dng mt phng vung gc.
Dng mt phng (P) a ti O.

Dng hnh chiu b ca b trn (P).
Dng OH b ti H.
T H, dng ng thng song song vi a, ct b ti B.
T B, dng ng thng song song vi OH, ct a ti A.
Ch : d(a,b) = AB = OH.
BI TP C BN
HT 110. Cho hnh t din OABC, trong OA, OB, OC = a. Gi I l trung im ca BC. Hy dng v tnh di on
vung gc chung ca cc cp ng thng:
a) OA v BC.
b) AI v OC.
HD:
a)
a 2
2
b)
a 5
5
HT 111. Cho hnh chp SABCD, y ABCD l hnh vung tm O, cnh a, SA (ABCD) v SA = a. Tnh khong cch gia
hai ng thng:
a) SC v BD.
b) AC v SD.
HD:
a)
a 6
6
b)
a 3
3
HT 112. Cho t din SABC c SA (ABC). Gi H, K ln lt l trc tm ca cc tam gic ABC v SBC.
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a) Chng minh ba ng thng AH, SK, Bc ng qui.

b) Chng minh SC (BHK), HK (SBC).
c) Xc nh ng vung gc chung ca BC v SA.
HD: c) Gi E = AH BC. ng vung gc chung ca BC v SA l AE.
HT 113. a) Cho t din ABCD. Chng minh rng nu AC = BD, AD = BC th dng vung gc chung ca AB v CD l
ng ni cc trung im I, K ca hai cnh AB v CD .
b) Chng minh rng nu ng thng ni cc trung im I, K ca hai cnh AB v CD ca t din ABCD l ng
vung gc chung ca AB v CD th AC = BD, AD = BC.
HD: b) Gi s BC = a, AD = a, AC = b, BD = b. Chng minh a = a, b = b.
a 3
. Gi M, N, P ln lt
2
l trung im ca cc cnh BC, SD, SB. Hy dng v tnh di on vung gc chung ca cc cp ng thng:
a) NP v AC
b) MN v AP.
HT 114. Cho hnh vung ABCD cnh bng a, I l trung im ca AB. Dng IS (ABCD) v IS =
HD:
a)
a 3
a
b)
4
2
DNG TON 2: Tnh khong cch t mt im n ng thng, mt phng. Khong cch gia ng thng v
mt phng song song. Khong cch gia hai mt phng song song
tnh khong cch t mt im n ng thng (mt phng) ta cn xc nh on vung gc v t im n
ng thng (mt phng).
BI TP C BN
HT 115. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c SA (ABCD) v SA = a 6 , y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip trong ng trn
ng kinh AD = 2a.
a) Tnh cc khong cch t A v B n mt phng (SCD).
b) Tnh khong cch t ng thng AD n mt phng (SBC).
c) Tnh din tch ca thit din ca hnh chp SABCD vi mt phng (P) song song vi mp(SAD) v cch (SAD)
mt khong bng
a 3
.
4
HD: a) d(A,(SCD)) = a 2 ;
d(B,(SCD)) =
a 2
2
b)
a 6
a2 6
c)
3
2
HT 116. Cho hnh lng tr ABC.ABC c AA (ABC) v AA = a, y ABC l tam gic vung ti A c BC = 2a, AB = a 3 .
a) Tnh khong cch t AA n mt phng (BCCB).
b) Tnh khong cch t A n (ABC).
c) Chng minh rng AB (ACCA) v tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (ABC).
HD:
a)
a 3
a 21
b)
2
7
c)
a 2
2
HT 117. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA (ABCD) v SA = 2a.
a) Tnh khong cch t A n mp(SBC), t C n mp(SBD).
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b) M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB v AD. Chng minh rng MN song song vi (SBD) v tnh khong cch t
MN n (SBD).
c) Mt phng (P) qua BC ct cc cnh SA, SD theo th t ti E, F. Cho bit AD cch (P) mt khong l
a 2
, tnh
2
khong cch t S n mt phng (P) v din tch t gic BCFE.

HD:
a) a 2 ;
a 2
2
b)
a 6
a2 6
c)
3
2
HT 118. Cho hai tia cho nhau Ax, By hp vi nhau gc 600, nhn AB = a lm on vung gc chung. Trn By ly im C
vi BC = a. Gi D l hnh chiu ca C trn Ax.
a) Tnh AD v khong cch t C n mp(ABD).
b) Tnh khong cch gia AC v BD.
HD:
a) AD =
a
;
2
d(C,(ABD)) =
a 3
2
b)
a 93
31
HT 119. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v BAD = 600 . Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD.
3a
ng thng SO (ABCD) v SO =
. Gi E l trung im ca BC, F l trung im ca BE.
4
a) Chng minh (SOF) (SBC).
b) Tnh cc khong cch t O v A n (SBC).HD:
b) d(O,(SBC)) =
3a
3a
, d(A,(SBC)) =
.
8
4
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TM TT L THUYT QUAN H SONG SONG V QUAN H VUNG GC

A.QUAN H SONG SONG
1.NG THNG V MT PHNG SONG SONG
I. nh ngha:
ng thng v mt phng gi l
song song vi nhau nu chng
khng c im no chung.
a / /(P ) a (P ) =
(P)
II.Cc nh l:
L1:Nu ng thng d khng
nm trn mp(P) v song song vi
ng thng a nm trn mp(P) th
ng thng d song song vi
mp(P)
L2: Nu ng thng a song
song vi mp(P) th mi mp(Q)
cha a m ct mp(P) th ct theo
giao tuyn song song vi a.
d (P )
d / /a d / /(P )
a (P )
a
(P)
(Q)
a / /(P )
a (Q )
d / /a
(P ) (Q ) = d
a
d
(P)
L3: Nu hai mt phng ct nhau
cng song song vi mt ng
thng th giao tuyn ca chng
song song vi ng thng .
(P ) (Q ) = d
(P ) / /a
d / /a
(Q ) / /a
a
Q
P
2.HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG

I. nh ngha:
Hai mt phng c gi l song
song vi nhau nu chng khng c
im no chung.
(P ) / /(Q ) (P ) (Q ) =
P
Q
II.Cc nh l:
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0968.393.899
L1: Nu mp(P) cha hai ng

thng a, b ct nhau v cng song
song vi mt phng (Q) th (P)
v (Q) song song vi nhau.
a, b (P )
a b = I
(P ) / /(Q )
a / /(Q ), b / /(Q )
L2: Nu mt ng thng nm
mt trong hai mt phng song
song th song song vi mt phng
kia.
(P ) / /(Q )
a / /(Q )
a (P )
L3: Nu hai mt phng (P) v

(Q) song song th mi mt phng
(R) ct (P) th phi ct (Q) v
cc giao tuyn ca chng song
song.
a
b I
a
P
Q
(P ) / /(Q )
(R) (P ) = a a / /b
(R) (Q ) = b
B.QUAN H VUNG GC
1.NG THNG VUNG GC VI MT PHNG

I.nh ngha:
Mt ng thng c gi l
vung gc vi mt mt phng nu
n vung gc vi mi ng thng
nm trn mt phng .
a mp(P ) a c, c (P )
a
II. Cc nh l:
L1: Nu ng thng d vung
gc vi hai ng thng ct nhau a
v b cng nm trong mp(P) th
ng thng d vung gc vi
mp(P).
d a , d b
a , b mp(P ) d mp(P )
a , b cat nhau
b
P
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L2: (Ba ng vung gc) Cho

ng thng a khng vung gc
vi mp(P) v ng thng b nm
trong (P). Khi , iu kin cn v
b vung gc vi a l b vung
gc vi hnh chiu a ca a trn (P).
a
a mp(P ), b mp(P )
b a b a'
a'
2.HAI MT PHNG VUNG GC

I.nh ngha:
Hai mt phng c gi l vung gc vi nhau nu gc gia chng bng 900.
II. Cc nh l:
L1:Nu mt mt phng cha

mt ng thng vung gc vi
mt mt phng khc th hai mt
phng vung gc vi nhau.
L2:Nu hai mt phng (P) v

(Q) vung gc vi nhau th bt
c ng thng a no nm trong
(P), vung gc vi giao tuyn ca
(P) v (Q) u vung gc vi mt
phng (Q).
Q
a
a mp(P )
mp(Q ) mp(P )
a mp(Q )
(P ) (Q )
(P ) (Q ) = d a (Q )
a (P ), a d
d
L3: Nu hai mt phng (P) v
(Q) vung gc vi nhau v A l
mt im trong (P) th ng
thng a i qua im A v vung
gc vi (Q) s nm trong (P)
P
(P ) (Q )
A (P )
a (P )
A a
a (Q )
a
A
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L4: Nu hai mt phng ct

nhau v cng vung gc vi mt
phng th ba th giao tuyn ca
chng vung gc vi mt phng
th ba.
(P ) (Q ) = a
(P ) (R)
a (R)
(Q ) (R)
3.KHONG CCH
1. Khong cch t 1 im ti 1 ng thng , n

1 mt phng:
Khong cch t im M n ng thng a (hoc
n mt phng (P)) l khong cch gia hai im M
v H, trong H l hnh chiu ca im M trn
ng thng a ( hoc trn mp(P))
O
H
a
d(O; a) = OH; d(O; (P)) = OH
2. Khong cch gia ng thng v mt phng

song song:
Khong cch gia ng thng a v mp(P) song song
vi a l khong cch t mt im no ca a n
mp(P).
d(a;(P)) = OH
3. Khong cch gia hai mt phng song song:
O
P
l khong cch t mt im bt k trn mt phng

ny n mt phng kia.
d((P);(Q)) = OH
4.Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau:
l di on vung gc chung ca hai ng thng

.
d(a;b) = AB
b
B
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4.GC
1. Gc gia hai ng thng a v b

l gc gia hai ng thng a v b cng i qua mt
im v ln lt cng phng vi a v b.
a'
b'
b
2. Gc gia ng thng a khng vung gc vi

mt phng (P)
l gc gia a v hnh chiu a ca n trn mp(P).

c bit: Nu a vung gc vi mt phng (P) th ta
ni rng gc gia ng thng a v mp(P) l 900.
a'
3. Gc gia hai mt phng

l gc gia hai ng thng ln lt vung gc vi
hai mt phng .
Hoc l gc gia 2 ng thng nm trong 2 mt
phng cng vung gc vi giao tuyn ti 1 im
4. Din tch hnh chiu: Gi S l din tch ca a gic

(H) trong mp(P) v S l din tch hnh chiu (H) ca
(H) trn mp(P) th
a
P
S ' = S cos
trong l gc gia hai mt phng (P),(P).
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KIN THC C BN HNH HC PHNG

1. H thc lng trong tam gic vung : cho ABC vung A ta c :
a)
nh l Pitago : BC 2 = AB 2 + AC 2
b)
BA2 = BH .BC ; CA2 = CH .CB
c)
AB. AC = BC. AH
1
1
1
=
+
2
2
AH
AB
AC 2
BC = 2AM
b
c
b
c
sin B = , c osB = , tan B = , cot B =
a
a
c
b
d)
e)
f)
g)
b = a. sinB = a.cosC, c = a. sinC = a.cosB, a =
A
b
c
B
b
b
,
=
sin B
cos C
b = c. tanB = c.cot C
2.H thc lng trong tam gic thng:
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc.cosA
* nh l hm s Csin:
a
b
c
=
=
= 2R
sin A sin B
sin C
* nh l hm s Sin:
3. Cc cng thc tnh din tch.
a/ Cng thc tnh din tch tam gic:

S =
1
1
a .b.c
a +b +c
a.ha = a.b sin C =
= p.r = p.(p a )(p b )(p c) vi p =
2
2
4R
2
c bit :* ABC vung A : S =
1
AB.AC ,* ABC u cnh a: ..
2
b/ Din tch hnh vung : S = cnh x cnh

c/ Din tch hnh ch nht : S = di x rng
d/ Din tch hnh thoi : S =
1
(cho di x cho ngn)
2
d/ Din tch hnh thang : S =
1
(y ln + y nh) x chiu cao
2
e/ Din tch hnh bnh hnh : S = y x chiu cao

f/ Din tch hnh trn : S = .R2
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KIN THC C BN HNH HC KHNG GIAN 12

A. TH TCH KHI A DIN
I/ Cc cng thc th tch ca khi a din:
1. TH TCH KHI LNG TR:

V= B.h
h
B : dien tch ay
vi
h : chieu cao
a) Th tch khi hp ch nht:

V = a.b.c
vi a,b,c l ba kch thc
a
b) Th tch khi lp phng:

V = a3
c
b
a
vi a l di cnh
2. TH TCH KHI CHP:
V=
1
Bh
3
B : dien tch ay
vi
h : chieu cao
3. T S TH TCH T DIN:
Cho khi t din SABC v A, B, C l cc im

ty ln lt thuc SA, SB, SC ta c:
C'
A'
B'
VSABC
SA SB SC
=
VSA ' B 'C '
SA ' SB ' SC '
C
B
4. TH TCH KHI CHP CT:

V =
h
B + B '+ BB '
3
A'
B'
C'
)
A
B, B' : dien tch hai ay

vi
h : chieu cao
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Ch :
1/ ng cho ca hnh vung cnh a l d = a 2 ,
ng cho ca hnh lp phng cnh a l d = a 3 ,
ng cho ca hnh hp ch nht c 3 kch thc a, b, c l d =
2/ ng cao ca tam gic u cnh a l h =
a 2 + b2 + c2 ,
a 3
2
3/ Hnh chp u l hnh chp c y l a gic u v cc cnh bn u bng

nhau ( hoc c y l a gic u, hnh chiu ca nh trng vi tm ca y).
4/ Lng tr u l lng tr ng c y l a gic u.
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II. CC DNG TON

A. TH TCH KHI CHP
HT 1.
Dng ton 1: Khi chp c cnh bn vung gc vi y

Cho hnh chp SABC c SB = SC = BC = CA = a . Hai mt (ABC) v (ASC) cng vung gc vi (SBC). Tnh th tch
HT 2.
12
Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi AC = a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v SB hp
vi y mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp .

HT 3.
3 3
/s: V = a
hnh chp.
/s: V = a
24
Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v (SBC) hp vi y
(ABC) mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp .
/s: V = a
HT 4. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a v SA vung gc y ABCD v mt bn (SCD) hp
vi y mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD. Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SCD).
a3 3
a 3
/s: V =
d=
3
2
HT 5. Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi BA=BC=a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v SB
hp vi (SAB) mt gc 30o. Tnh th tch hnh chp .
HT 6.
3
s: V = a 2
Cho hnh chp SABC c SA vung gc vi y (ABC) v SA = h ,bit rng tam gic ABC u v mt (SBC) hp vi
y ABC mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch khi chp SABC .
3
s: V = h 3
HT 7. Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC vung ti A v SB vung gc vi y ABC bit SB = a,SC hp vi (SAB) mt gc
30o v (SAC) hp vi (ABC) mt gc 60o .Chng minh rng SC2 = SB2 + AB2 + AC2 Tnh th tch hnh chp.
3
s: V = a 3
27
HT 8. Cho t din ABCD c AD (ABC) bit AC = AD = 4 cm,AB = 3 cm, BC = 5 cm.
1) Tnh th tch ABCD.
s: V = 8 cm3
2) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (BCD).
s: d = 12
34
Cho khi chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic cn ti A vi BC = 2a , gc BAC = 120o , bit SA (ABC ) v mt
a3
s: V =
(SBC) hp vi y mt gc 45o . Tnh th tch khi chp SABC.
HT 9.
HT 10. Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung bit

SA (ABCD),SC = a v SC hp vi y mt gc 60o Tnh th tch khi chp
s: V
a3 3
48
HT 11. Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht bit rng SA (ABCD) , SC hp vi y mt gc 45o v
AB = 3a, BC = 4a . Tnh th tch khi chp.
s: V = 20a3
HT 12. Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc nhn A bng 60o v SA (ABCD) ,bit rng
a3 2
khong cch t A n cnh SC = a. Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.
s: V =
HT 13. Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B bit AB = BC = a , AD = 2a , SA (ABCD) v
a3 6
(SCD) hp vi y mt gc 60o. Tnh th thch khi chp SABCD.
s: V =
HT 14. Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip trong na ng trn ng knh AB = 2R bit mt
3R3
(SBC) hp vi y ABCD mt gc 45o.Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.
s: V =
Dng ton 2: Khi chp c mt bn vung gc vi y
HT 1. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a. Mt bn SAB l tam gic u nm trong mt phng
vung gc vi yABCD. Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AB. Tnh th tch khi
/s: V = a
chp SABCD.
3 3
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HT 2. Cho t din ABCD c ABC l tam gic u ,BCD l tam gic vung cn ti D , (ABC) (BCD) v AD hp vi (BCD)
/s : V = a
mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch t din ABCD.
HT 3. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, c BC = a. Mt bn SAC vung gc vi y, cc mt
bn cn li u to vi mt y mt gc 450. Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AC.
a3
12
HT 4. Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC vung cn ti A vi AB = AC = a bit tam gic SAB cn ti S v nm trong mt
a3
phng vung gc vi (ABC) ,mt phng (SAC) hp vi (ABC) mt gc 45o. Tnh th tch ca SABC.
s: V =
/s: V =
Tnh th tch khi chp SABC.
12
HT 5.
Cho hnh chp SABC c
BAC
= 90o ; ABC
= 30o ; SBC l tam gic u cnh a v (SAB) (ABC). Tnh th

s: V
tch khi chp SABC.
a2 2
24
Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u;tam gic SBC c ng cao SH = h v (SBC) (ABC). Cho bit
4h 3 3
SB hp vi mt (ABC) mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC.
s: V =
HT 6.
T din ABCD c ABC v BCD l hai tam gic u ln lt nm trong hai mt phng vung gc vi nhau bit
a3 6
s: V =
AD = a .Tnh th tch t din.
HT 7.
36
HT 8. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung . Mt bn SAB l tam gic u c ng cao SH = h ,nm
trong mt phng vung gc vi ABCD. Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AB. Tnh
4h 3
th tch khi chp SABCD .
s: V =
HT 9.
Cho hnh chp SABCD c ABCD l hnh ch nht , tam gic SAB u cnh a nm trong mt phng vung gc vi
(ABCD) bit (SAC) hp vi (ABCD) mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD.
HT 10. Cho hnh chp SABCD c ABCD l hnh ch nht c AB = 2a , BC = 4a, SAB
(SAD) cng hp vi y ABCD mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD.
s:
V=
a3 3
4
(ABCD) , hai mt bn (SBC) v

8a3 3
s: V =
9
HT 11. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi vi AC = 2BD = 2a v tam gic SAD vung cn ti S , nm trong
mt phng vung gc vi ABCD. Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD.
s:
V=
a3 5
12
HT 12. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D; AD = CD = a ; AB = 2a bit tam gic SAB u
nm trong mt phng vung gc vi (ABCD). Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD .
s:
V=
Dng ton 3: Khi chp u
a3 3
2
HT 1. Cho chp tam gic u SABC cnh y bng a v cnh bn bng 2a. Chng minh rng chn ng cao k t S ca
hnh chp l tm ca tam gic u ABC. Tnh th tch chp u SABC .
/s: V = a
3 11
12
HT 2. Cho khi chp t gic SABCD c tt c cc cnh c di bng a . Chng minh rng SABCD l chp t gic u.
/s: V = a
Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.

HT 3.
Cho khi t din u ABCD cnh bng a, M l trung im DC. Tnh th tch khi t din u ABCD. Tnh khong
cch t M n mp(ABC). Suy ra th tch hnh chp MABC.
/s:
V=
a3 2
24
HT 4. Cho hnh chp u SABC c cnh bn bng a hp vi y ABC mt gc 60o . Tnh th tch hnh chp.
s: V = 3a
16
HT 5. Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh bn a, gc y ca mt bn l 45o. Tnh di chiu cao SH ca chp
SABC. Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC.
3
s: SH = a V = a
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HT 6. Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh y a v mt bn hp vi y mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp
s:
SABC.
V=
a3 3
24
HT 7. Cho chp tam gic u c ng cao h hp vi mt mt bn mt gc 30o. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
3
s: V = h 3
HT 8. Cho hnh chp tam gic u c ng cao h v mt bn c gc nh bng 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
/s:
HT 9. Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c cnh y a v
V=
h3 3
8
ASB = 60o . Tnh tng din tch cc mt bn ca hnh chp

/s: S = a
a3 2
3
6
HT 10. Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c chiu cao h ,gc nh ca mt bn bng 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
u. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
/s:
V=
V=
2h3
3
HT 11. Cho hnh chp t gic u c mt bn hp vi y mt gc 45o v khong cch t chn ng cao ca chp n
/s:
mt bn bng a. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
V=
8a3 3
3
HT 12. Cho hnh chp SABCD c tt c cc cnh bng nhau. Chng minh rng SABCD l chp t gic u.Tnh cnh ca
hnh chp ny khi th tch ca n bng V = 9a
Dng ton 4: Phng php t s th tch
2.
/s: AB = 3a
HT 1. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c tam gic ABC vung cn B, AC = a 2 ,SA vung gc vi y ABC , SA = a
Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC. Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC, mt phng ( ) qua AG v song song vi BC ct SC,
SB ln lt ti M, N. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.AMN.
HT 2.
Cho tam gic ABC vung cn A v
im D sao cho
a3
2a 3
;VS .AMN =
6
27
AB = a . Trn ng thng qua C v vung gc vi mt phng (ABC) ly
CD = a . Mt phng qua C vung gc vi BD, ct BD ti F v ct AD ti E. Tnh th tch khi t din
ABCD. Tnh th tch khi t din CDEF.

HT 3.
/s: VS .ABC =
Cho khi chp t gic u SABCD. Mt mt phng
hai phn khi chp b phn chia bi mt phng .
36
/s: VABCD = a ;VD.CEF = a
( ) qua A, B v trung im M ca SC . Tnh t s th tch ca

VSABMN
3
/s:
=
V ABMN . ABCD 5
HT 4. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD, y l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn to vi y gc 600 . Gi M l trung im
SC. Mt phng i qua AM v song song vi BD, ct SB ti E v ct SD ti F. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD. Tnh th tch
khi chp S.AEMF.
/s: VS . ABCD
a3 6
=
6
VAEMF =
a3 6
.
18
HT 5. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA vung gc y, SA = a 2 . Gi B, D l hnh
chiu ca A ln lt ln SB, SD. Mt phng (ABD) ct SC ti C. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD. Tnh th tch khi chp
a3 2
2a 3 2
;VS .AB 'C ' D ' =
3
9
Cho t din ABCD. Gi B' v C' ln lt l trung im ca AB v AC. Tnh t s th tch ca khi t din AB'C'D v
S.ABCD.
HT 6.
khi t din ABCD.
/s : VS .ABCD =
/s:
k=
1
4
HT 7. Cho t din ABCD c th tch 9m3 ,trn AB,AC,AD ln lt ly cc im B',C',D' sao cho AB = 2AB' ;2AC = 3AD'
;AD = 3AD'. Tnh t tch t din AB'C'D'.
/s: V = 2 m3
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HT 8.
0968.393.899
Cho t din u ABCD c cnh a. Ly cc im B';C' trn AB v AC sao cho
a
2a
AB = ;AC' = . Tnh th tch t
2
3
/s: V = a
2
36
din AB'C'D.
HT 9. Cho t dinABCD c th tch 12 m3 .Gi M,P l trung im ca AB v CD v ly N trn AD sao cho DA = 3NA.
Tnh th tch t din BMNP.
/s: V = 1 m3
HT 10. Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh
a 3 ,ng cao SA = a.Mt phng qua A v vung gc

/s:
vi SB ti H v ct SC ti K. Tnh th tch hnh chp SAHK.
V=
a3 3
40
HT 11. Cho hnh chp SABCD c th tch bng 27m3 .Ly A'trn SA sao cho SA = 3SA'. Mt phng qua A' v song song
vi y hnh chp ct SB,SC,SD ln lt ti B',C',D' .Tnh th tch hnh chp SA'B'C'D'.
/s: : V = 1 m3
3
HT 12. Cho hnh chp SABCD c th tch bng 9m , ABCD l hnh bnh hnh , ly M trn SA sao cho 2SA = 3SM. Mt
phng (MBC) ct SD ti N.Tnh th tch khi a din ABCDMN .
/s: : V = 4m3
HT 13. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, chiu cao SA = h. Gi N l trung im SC. Mt phng cha AN
2
/s: V = a h
v song song vi BD ln lt ct SB,SDF ti M v P. Tnh th tch khi chp SAMNP.
HT 14. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh v I l trung im ca SC.Mt phng qua AI v song song
/s:
vi BD chia hnh chp thnh 2 phn.Tnh t s th tch 2 phn ny.
k=
1
2
HT 15. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh v ly M trn SA sao cho SM = x Tm x mt phng
SA
/s: x = 5 1
(MBC) chia hnh chp thnh 2 phn c th tch bng nhau.
B. TH TCH KHI LNG TR

Dng ton 1: Khi lng tr ng c chiu cao hay cnh y
HT 1. y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic ABC vung cn ti A c cnh BC = a 2 v bit A'B = 3a.
Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
/s: V = a 3 2
HT 2. Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD.ABCD' c cnh bn bng 4a v ng cho 5a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr ny.
/s: V = 9a 3
HT 3. y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u cnh a = 4 v bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 8. Tnh
th tch khi lng tr.
/s: V = 8 3
HT 4. Cho hnh hp ng c y l hnh thoi cnh a v c gc nhn bng 600 ng cho ln ca y bng ng cho
3
nh ca lng tr. Tnh th tch hnh hp .
/s:V = a 6
2
HT 5. Cho lng tr ng c y l tam gic u bit rng tt c cc cnh ca lng tr bng a. Tnh th tch v tng din
tch cc mt bn ca lng tr.
/s: V = a
3 ; S = 3a2
HT 6. Cho lng tr ng ABCD.A'B'C'D' c y l t gic u cnh a bit rng BD' = a 6 . Tnh th tch ca lng tr.
/s: V = 2a3
HT 7. Cho lng tr ng t gic u c tt c cc cnh bng nhau v bit tng din tch cc mt ca lng tr bng 96
cm2 .Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V = 64 cm3
HT 8. Cho lng tr ng tam gic c cc cnh y l 19,20,37 v chiu cao ca khi lng tr bng trung bnh cng cc
cnh y. Tnh th tch ca lng tr.
/s: V = 2888
HT 9. Cho hnh hp ch nht c 3 kch thc t l thun vi 3,4,5 bit rng di mt ng cho ca hnh hp l 1
m.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.
/s: V = 0,4 m3
HT 10. Cho hnh hp ch nht bit rng cc ng cho ca cc mt ln lt l
ny .
/s: V = 6
5; 10; 13 . Tnh th tch khi hp
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Dng ton 2: Lng tr ng c gc gia ng thng v mt phng

HT 1.
Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit A'B hp vi
y ABC mt gc 600 . Tnh th tch lng tr.
3
/s: a 3
2
HT 2. Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic. vung ti A vi AC = a , ACB = 60 o bit BC'
hp vi (AA'C'C) mt gc 300. Tnh AC' v th tch lng tr.
/s: V = a 3 6
HT 3. Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a v ng cho BD' ca lng tr hp vi
y ABCD mt gc 300. Tnh th tch v tng din tch ca cc mt bn ca lng tr . /s: V
2
a 3 6 S = 4a 6
3
3
Cho hnh hp ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v BAD = 60o bit AB' hp vi y (ABCD)
3a 3
mt gc 30o. Tnh th tch ca hnh hp.
/s: V =
HT 4.
Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung cn ti B bit A'C = a v A'C hp vi mt bn (AA'B'B) mt gc
a3 2
30o . Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V =
HT 5.
16
Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung ti B bit BB' = AB = a v B'C hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 30o .
a3 3
Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V =
HT 6.
Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit AB' hp vi mt bn (BCC'B') mt gc 30o
a3 3
. Tnh di AB' v th tch lng tr
/s: AB ' = a 3 ;V =
HT 7.
ACB = 60o bit BC' hp vi mt bn

3a 2 3
(AA'C'C) mt gc 30o. Tnh th tch lng tr v din tch tam gic ABC'. /s: V = a 3 6 , S =
2
HT 8.
Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung ti A bit AC = a v
Cho lng tr tam gic u ABC A'B'C' c khong cch t A n mt phng (A'BC) bng a v AA' hp vi mt
32a 3
phng (A'BC) mt gc 300. Tnh th tch lng tr
/s: V =
HT 9.
HT 10. Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c ng cho A'C = a v bit rng A'C hp vi (ABCD) mt gc 30o v
a3 2
hp vi (ABB'A') mt gc 45o. Tnh th tch ca khi hp ch nht. /s: V =
HT 11. Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung v BD' = a . Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng
hp sau y:
1. BD' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60o .
a3 3
a3 2
2. BD' hp vi mt bn (AA'D'D) mt gc 30o .
/s: 1)V =
2)V =
16
HT 12. Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AB = a ; AD = b ; AA' = c v BD' = AC' = CA' = a 2 + b2 + c2
1. Chng minh ABCD A'B'C'D' l hp ch nht.
2. Gi x,y,z l gc hp bi mt ng cho v 3 mt cng i qua mt ng thuc ng cho. Chng minh rng:
sin2 x + sin2 y + sin2 z = 1 .
Dng ton 3: Lng tr ng c gc gia hai mt phng

Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit (A'BC) hp
a3 3
vi y (ABC) mt gc 600 .Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V =
HT 1.
HT 2.
y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u. Mt (ABC) to vi y mt gc 300 v din tch tam
gic ABC bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.

/s: V = 8 3
HT 3. Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh y a v mt phng (BDC') hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc
a3 6
/s:
60o.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.
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Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = 2a ; mt phng (A'BC) hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60o v A'C hp
16a 3 2
vi y (ABCD) mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.
/s: V =
HT 4.
Cho hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = a bit ng cho A'C hp vi y ABCD mt gc 30o v mt (A'BC)
2a 3 2
hp vi y ABCD mt gc 600 . Tnh th tch hp ch nht.
/s: V =
HT 5.
HT 6. Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung v cnh bn bng a bit rng mt (ABC'D') hp
vi y mt gc 30o.Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
/s: V = 3a3
HT 7. Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B v AC = 2a bit rng (A'BC) hp vi y
ABC mt gc 45o. Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V = a 3 2
Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic cn ti A vi AB = AC = a v
a3 3
(A'BC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 45o. Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V =
HT 8.
BAC = 120o bit rng
Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B v BB' = AB = h bit rng (B'AC) hp vi y
h3 2
ABC mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V =
HT 9.
HT 10. Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC u bit cnh bn AA' = a

Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y:
1. Mt phng (A'BC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 60o .
2. A'B hp vi y ABC mt gc 45o.
3. Chiu cao k t A' ca tam gic A'BC bng di cnh y ca lng tr.
a3 3
/s: 1) V = a 3 3 ; 2) V =
;V=
a3 3
HT 11. Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh bn AA' = 2a .Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau
y:
1. Mt (ACD') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 45o .
2. BD' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 600 .
3. Khong cch t D n mt (ACD') bng a .
16a 3
/s: 1) V = 16a3 . 2) V = 12a3 .3) V =
HT 12. Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a

Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y:
1. Mt phng (BDC') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60o .
2. Tam gic BDC' l tam gic u.
a3 6
; 2) V = a 3 ; V = a 3 2
2
HT 13. Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc nhn A = 60o .Tnh th tch lng tr
trong cc trng hp sau y:
1. Mt phng (BDC') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60o .
/s: 1) V =
3. AC' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 450
2. Khong cch t C n (BDC') bng

3. AC' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 450
a
2
/s: 1) V =
3a 3 3
3a 3 2
3a 3
; 2) V =
;V=
4
8
2
HT 14. Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c BD' = 5a ,BD = 3a. Tnh th tch khi hp trong cc trng hp sau
y:
1. AB = a
2. BD' hp vi AA'D'D mt gc 30o
3. (ABD') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 300
/s: 1) V = 8a 3 2 ; 2) V = 5a 3 11 ; V = 16a 3
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Dng ton 4: Khi lng tr xin

HT 1.
Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a , bit cnh bn l
ABC mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch lng tr. 3a
a 3
v hp vi y
HT 2. Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a . Hnh chiu ca A' xung (ABC) l tm
O ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC bit AA' hp vi y ABC mt gc 60 .Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht.
a3 3
Tnh th tch lng tr .
HT 3.
Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi AB =

450
3 AD = 7 .Hai mt bn (ABBA) v (ADDA)
ln lt to vi y nhng gc
v
. Tnh th tch khi hp nu bit cnh bn bng 1. V = 3
HT 4. Cho lng tr ABCD A'B'C'D'c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a v bit cnh bn bng 8 hp vi y ABC mt
gc 30o.Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V =336
HT 5. Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D'c AB =a;AD =b;AA' = c v BAD = 30o v bit cnh bn AA' hp vi y ABC
600.
mt gc 60o.Tnh th tch lng tr.

s: V =
HT 6.
2a 3
3
abc 3
4
Cho lng tr tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a v im A' cch u A,B,C bit AA' =
a3 3
.Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V =
HT 7. Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, nh A' c hnh chiu trn (ABC) nm trn ng cao AH
ca tam gic ABC bit mt bn BB'C'C hp vio y ABC mt gc 60o .
1. Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht.
3a 3 3
2. Tnh th tch lng tr ABC A'B'C'.
s: V =
HT 8. Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u vi tm O. Cnh b CC' = a hp vi y ABC 1 gc 60o v C' c
hnh chiu trn ABC trng vi O .
1. Chng minh rng AA'B'B l hnh ch nht. Tnh din tch AA'B'B.
a2 3
3a 3 3
2. Tnh th tch lng tr ABCA'B'C'.
s: 1) S =
2) V =
HT 9. Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit chn ng vung gc h t A' trn ABC trng
vi trung im ca BC v AA' = a.
1. Tm gc hp bi cnh bn vi y lng tr.
a3 3
2. Tnh th tch lng tr.
s: 1) 30o 2) V =
HT 10. Cho lng tr xin ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u vi tm O. Hnh chiu ca C' trn (ABC) l O.Tnh th
tch ca lng tr bit rng khong cch t O n CC' l a v 2 mt bn AA'C'Cv BB'C'C hp vi nhau mt gc 90o
27a 3
s: V =
4 2
HT 11. Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D' c 6 mt l hnh thoi cnh a,hnh chiu vung gc ca A' trn(ABCD) nm trong hnh
thoi,cc cnh xut pht t A ca hp i mt to vi nhau mt gc 60o .
1. Chng minh rng H nm trn ng cho AC ca ABCD.
2. Tnh din tch cc mt cho ACC'A' v BDD'B'.
a3 2
3. Tnh th tch ca hp. s: 2) SACC ' A ' = a 2 2; SBDD ' B ' = a 2 . 3) V =
2
HT 12. Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc
A = 60o chn ng vung gc h t B' xung ABCD trng vi giao im 2 ng cho y bit BB' = a.
1. Tm gc hp bi cnh bn v y.
2. Tnh th tch v tng din tch cc mt bn ca hnh hp.
3a 3
s: 1) 60o 2) V =
& S = a 2 15
4
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N TP KHI CHP V LNG TR

Cho t din ABCD c AD vung gc vi mt phng (ABC), AD = 3a, AB = 2a, AC = 4a, BAC = 60
HT1.
0.
Gi H, K
ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca B trn AC v CD. ng thng HK ct ng thng AD ti E. Chng minh rng BE
vung gc vi CD v tnh th tch khi t din BCDE theo a . /s: V =
26 3a 3
9
Cho hnh chp S .ABC c y ABC l tam gic cn ti A, AB = 2a, BAC = 1200 . Bit SBA = SCA = 900 , gc
HT2.
gia hai mt phng (SBC) v mt phng (ABC) bng 450. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC theo a , tnh gc gia hai mt
phng (SAB ) v (ABC ).
4 2a 3
= 450
3
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a , SA vung gc vi y. Gc to bi SC v mt phng
/s: V =
HT3.
(SAB) bng 300. Gi E l trung im ca BC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch gia hai ng thng DE, SC
38
2a 3
d=
3
19
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, bit AB = 2a, AD = a. Trn cnh AB ly im M sao cho
theo a . /s: V =
HT4.
AM =
a
, cnh AC ct MD ti H. Bit SH vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) v SH = a. Tnh th tch khi chp S .HCD
2
4a 3
2a
;d =
15
3
HT5. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a , mt bn SAD l tam gic u v nm trong mt
phng vung gc vi y. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh SB, BC, CD. Tnh th tch khi t din CMNP
v tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng SD v AC theo a . /s: V =
3 3
a 21
a ;R =
12
3
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht. AB = 2a, AD = 4a SA (ABCD ) v gc gia hai ng
v xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABCD. /s :V =

HT6.
thng SC v mt phng (ABCD) bng 300 . Gi H, M ln lt l trung im ca AB, BC, N trn cnh AD sao cho DN = a .
8 15a 3
2a 35
;d =
9
7
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, AB = a, AD = 2a . Hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn mt
Tnh th tch khi chp S .AHMN v khong cch gia hai ng thng MN v SB. /s: V =
HT7.
phng (ABCD) trng vi trng tm tam gic BCD. ng thng SA to vi mt phng (ABCD) mt gc 450. Tnh th tch
4 2a 3
2 2a
;d =
3
11
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a . Hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn mt phng (ABCD)
ca khi chp S .ABCD v khong cch gia hai ng thng AC v SD theo a . /s: V =
HT8.
mt gc bng 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch t A n mt phng (SBC) theo a . /s: V =
d=
a 3 15
;
9
3a 5
57
HT9.
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c SA vung gc vi y, ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB = 3a 2, BC = 3a. Gi M l
trung im ca CD v gc gia (ABCD) vi (SBC) bng 600. Chng minh rng (SBM ) (SAC ) v tnh th tch t din
(SABM). /s: V = 9a 3 3
HT10. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng 2a. Mt phng (SAB) vung gc vi mt phng
y, SA = a, SB = a 3. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch gia hai ng thng SB v AC theo a . /s:
V =
2 3a 3
2 5a
;d =
3
5
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HT11. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh thang, BAD = ADC = 900 , AB = 3a, AD = CD = SA = 2a,
SA (ABCD ). Gi G l trng tm SAB , mt phng (GCD ) ct SA, SB ln lt ti M, N. Tnh theo a th tch khi
chp S .CDMN v khong cch gia hai ng thng DM, BC . /s: V =
16 3
4a
a ;d =
9
14
HT12. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh 2a , SA = a, SB = a 3, BAD = 600 , (SAB ) (ABCD ) ,
gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB, BC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v cosin gc gia hai ng thng SM, DN.
/s: V = a 3 ;d =
3
4
HT13. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht tm O, AB = a, BC = a 3, tam gic SOA cn ti S v mt
phng (SAD ) vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD ) . Bit gc gia SD v (ABCD) bng 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
v khong cch gia SB, AC.
2a 3 3
3a
;d =
3
4
HT14. Cho hnh chp S .ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A, AC = a, BC = 2a . Mt phng (SAC ) to vi (ABC)
/s: V =
gc 600. Hnh chiu H ca S trn (ABC) l trung im ca cnh BC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch gia hai
ng thng HA v SB theo a .
/s: V =
2a 3 3
3a
;d =
3
4
HT15. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht tm O, AB = a, BC = a 3, tam gic SOA cn ti S v mt
phng (SAD) vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Bit gc gia SD v (ABCD) bng 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v
khong cch gia SB, AC. /s: V =
2a 3 3
3a
;d =
3
4
HT16. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, AD = a 2,CD = 2a, cnh SA vung gc vi y. Gi K l
trung im ca CD, gc gia hai mt phng (SBK ) v (ABCD ) bng 600. Chng minh BK vung gc vi mt phng
(SAC). Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCK theo a .
2a 3
3
HT17. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a, SA vung gc vi y. Gc to bi SC v mt
/s: V =
phng (SAB) bng 300. Gi E l trung im ca BC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch gia hai ng thng
2a 3
38
;d =
3
19
HT18. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip trong ng trn c ng knh
DE, SC theo a . /s: V =
AD = 2a, SA (ABCD ), SA = a 6, H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB. Tm th tch khi chp H.SCD v tnh
khong cch gia hai ng thng AD v SC. /s: V =
a 6
3a 3 2
d=
14
3
HT19. Cho hnh chp S .ABC c ABC vung cn ti C, AB = 3a, SB =
a 14
. Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC ,
2
3a 3
;d = a 3
4
Cho hnh chp S .ABC c y l tam gic vung ti A, AB = AC = a, M l trung im ca AB, hnh chiu vung
SG (ABC ). Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t im B n mt phng (SAC). /s: V =
HT20.
gc ca S trn mt phng (ABC) trng vi tm O ng trn ngoi tip tam gic BMC, gc gia ng thng SB v mt
phng (ABC) bng 600. Tnh theo a th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t C n mt phng (SAB). /s:
V =
a 3 30
a 130
;d =
24
13
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HT21. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip trong ng trn ng knh
AD = 2a, SA (ABCD ), SA = a 6, H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB. Tm th tch khi chp H.SCD v tnh
khong cch gia hai ng thng AD v SC. /s: V =
3a 3 2
a 6
;d =
14
3
HT22. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D, AD = DC , AB = 2AD, BC = a 2. Tam
gic SBC cn ti S v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y, SA hp vi y gc 450. Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ACBD
10a
10a 3
;d=
4
3
HT23. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a , tam gic SAB u nm trong mt phng vung gc
vi y. Gi M, N, P, K ln lt l trung im ca BC, CD, SD, SB. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABMN. Tnh khong cch gia
hai ng thng MK v AP.
v khong cch gia hai ng thng SA, BC theo a . /s: V =
/s: V =
5 3a 3
3a
;d =
48
2 5
HT24. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh bng 2a(a > 0) SA = a, SB = a 3, BAC = 600 , mt
phng (SAB) vung gc vi y. M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB, BC. Tnh th tch khi t din NSDC. Tnh cosin gc
gia hai ng thng SM v DN.
a3
5
; cos =
4
4 7
/s:V =
HT25. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht AB = 2a, tam gic SAB cn ti S v nm trong mt
phng vung gc vi (ABCD). Gi M l trung im ca SD, mt phng (ABM) vung gc vi mt phng (SCD) v ng
thng AM vung gc vi ng thng BD. Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCM v khong cch t M n mt phng (SBC).
HT26. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c cc cnh bn SA = SB = SD = a; y ABCD l hnh thoi c gc BAD = 600 v mt
3 3a 3
16
HT27. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a , mt bn SAB l tam gic u v nm trong mt phng
vung gc vi y. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD. Xc nh tm v tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din S.ABC. /s:
phng (SDC ) to vi (ABCD) mt gc 300. Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ABCD. /s: V =
V =
a3 3
a 21
;R =
6
6
HT28. Cho lng tr ng ABC .A1B1C1 c (A1BC ) to vi y gc 600 , tam gic A1BC c din tch bng 8 3. Gi M,
N ln lt l trung im ca BB1 v CC1. Tnh th tch khi t din A1AMN . Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng
A1B v AC . /s: V = 16 3; d = 3
HT29. Cho hnh chp S .ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A, 2AC = BC = 2a. Mt phng (SAC) to vi mt
phng (ABC) mt gc 600. Hnh chiu ca S ln mt phng (ABC) l trung im H ca BC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC
a3 3
3a
;d =
4
4
Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung. SA = a v vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). M, N ln lt
v khong cch gia hai ng thng AH v SB. /s: V =

HT30.
l trung im ca AD, DC. Gc gia mt phng (SBM) v mt phng (ABC) bng 450. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABNM v
khong cch t D n mt phng (SBM).
/s: V =
25a 3
a
;d =
24
2
HT31. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti A, B; AB = BC = a. SA vung gc vi mt phng
a3
2
HT32. Cho hnh chp S .ABC c y l tam gic vung cn ti B, BA = a . Tam gic SAC cn ti S v nm trong mt
phng vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SA, BC bit gc gia MN vi mt phng (ABC)
(ABCD), SA = a. Khong cch t D n mt phng (SAC) bng a 2. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD. /s: V =
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bng 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau AC, MN theo a . /s:
a 30
30a 3
;d =
12
16
HT33. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c SA vung gc vi y, ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip trong ng trn ng
V =
3a 3
. Tnh th tch khi
8
chp S.ABCD theo a v cosin ca gc to bi hai ng thng SO, AD, vi O l giao im ca AC v BD. .s:
knh AD, AD = 2a. Gi I l trung im ca AB, bit khong cch t I ti mt phng (SCD) bng
V =
a3 3
21
; cos =
4
7
HT34. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi tm O, cnh 4a v ABC = 600. Hnh chiu ca nh S trn
mt phng (ABCD) l trung im H ca OA. Gc gia hai mt phng (SCD) v mt phng y bng 600. Tnh th tch ca
khi chp S.ABCD theo a v cosin gc to bi ng thng OA v mt phng (SCD). /s: V = 12 3a 3 ; cos =
7
4
HT35. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c di cnh bng 3 v im M thuc cnh CC 1 sao cho CM = 2. Mt
phng (P) i qua A, M v song song vi BD chia khi lp phng thnh hai khi a din. Tnh th tch hai khi a din
. /s: V1 = 9;V2 = 18
HT36. Cho hnh lng tr ABC .A1B1C1 c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A, AB = a, BC = 2a. Hnh chiu vung gc ca
im A1 trn mt phng (ABC) trng vi trung im ca AC. Gc gia hai mt phng (BCC1B1 ) v (ABC) bng 600 .
Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v khong cch gia hai ng thng AA1 v BC theo a . /s: V =
3a 3 3
3a
;d =
8
4
HT37. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c cc cnh bng a . Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh A1B1
v B1C1. Tnh th tch khi t din AD1MN theo a . Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng AM v D1N . /s:
V =
a3
3a
;d =
8
21
HT38. Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC .A1B1C1 c AB = a, AC = 2a, AA1 = 2a 5 v BAC = 1200. Gi K l trung im
ca CC1. Tnh th tch khi chp A.A1BK . Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din A1B1BK . Gi I l trung
im ca BB1, tnh khong cch t I n mt phng (A1BK ). /s: V =
a 3 15
a 21
a 5
;R =
;d =
3
2
6
HT39. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c on ni hai tm ca hai mt bn k nhau c di bng a . Tnh
theo a th tch khi lp phng ABCD.A1B1C1D1 v khong cch gia hai ng thng AC1 v B1D1. /s: V = 2 2a 3 ;
d=
a
3
HT40. Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC .A1B1C1 c y l tam gic u. Gi M l trung im ca cnh BB1. Bit ng
thng A1B,CM vung gc vi nhau v cch nhau mt khong bng a
3
. Tnh theo a th tch khi lng tr
10
ABC .A1B1C1. /s: V = 2a 3 3

HT41. Cho lng tr ng ABC .A1B1C1, c y ABC l tam gic u cnh bng a . Gi G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC,
bit rng khong cch t im G n mt phng (A1BC ) bng
a
15
. Tnh th tch ca khi lng tr ABC .A1B1C1 v
cosin gc gia hai ng thng A1B v AC 1.
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GV.Lu Huy Thng

/s: V =
0968.393.899
3a 3
5
; cos =
4
8
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TUYN TP THI I HC CC NM
HT 1.
AA1 13 Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y l tam gic vung ti A, ABC = 300 , SBC l tam gic u cnh a v mt
bn SBC vung gc vi y. Tnh theo a th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t C n mt phng (SAB ). /s:
V =
a3
a 39
;d =
16
13
HT 2. B 13 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAB l tam gic u v nm trong mt phng
vung gc vi mt phng y. Tnh theo a th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch t A n mt phng (SCD). /s:
V =
a3 3
a 21
;d =
6
7
D 13 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi cnh a, cnh bn SA vung gc vi y, BAD = 1200, M l
HT 3.
trung im ca cnh BC v SMA = 450. Tnh theo a th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch t im D n mt
a3
a 6
;d =
4
4
AA1 12 Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y l tam gic u cnh a. Hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn mt phng (ABC)
phng (SBC). /s: V =

HT 4.
l im H thuc cnh AB sao cho HA = 2HB. Gc gia ng thng SC v mt phng (ABC) bng 600 . Tnh th tch
khi chp S .ABC v tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BC theo a.
/S: V =
a3 7
a 42
; d(SA, BC ) =
12
8
HT 5. B 12 Cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC vi SA = 2a, AB = a . Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn cnh
SC. Chng minh rng SC vung gc vi (ABH). Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABH theo a.
/s: V =
7 11a 3
96
HT 6. D 12 Cho hnh hp ng ABCD.A ' B ' C ' D ' c y l hnh vung, tam gic A ' AC vung cn, A 'C = a . Tnh
th tch khi t din ABB 'C ' v khong cch t im A n mt phng (BCD) theo a.
/s: V =
a3 2
a 6
; d (A,(BCD ')) =
48
6
HT 7. A 11 Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, AB = BC = 2a; hai mt phng (SAB) v
(SAC) cng vung gc mt phng (ABC). Gi M l trung im ca AB; mt phng qua SM v song song vi BC, ct AC ti N.
Bit gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (ABC) bng 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCNM v khong cch gia hai ng
thng AB v SN theo a.
/s: V = a 3 3;d (AB, SN ) =
2a 39
13
HT 8. B 11 Cho lng tr ABCD.A ' B ' C ' D ' c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, AB = a, AD = a 3. Hnh chiu vung
gc ca im A trn mt phng (ABCD) trng vi giao im ca AC v BD. Gc gia hai mt phng (ADDA) v (ABCD)
bng 600. Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v khong cch t im B n mt phng (ABD) theo a.
/s: V =
HT 9.
3a 3
a 3
;d =
2
2
D 11 Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B, BA = 3a, BC = 4a; mt phng (SBC) vung gc
vi mt phng (ABC). Bit SB = 2a 3 v SBC = 300. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t im B n mt
phng (SAC) theo a.
/s: V = 2a 3 3; d (B,(SAC )) =
6a 7
7
HT 10. A 10 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. Gi M v N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh
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AB v AD; H l giao im ca CN vi DM. Bit SH vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) v SH = a 3. Tnh th tch khi chp
S.CDNM v khong cch gia hai ng thng DM v SC theo a.
/s: V =
5 3a 3
2 3a
;d =
24
19
HT 11. B 10 Cho hnh lng tr tam gic u ABC .A ' B 'C ' c AB = a, gc gia hai mt phng (A ' BC ) v (ABC)
bng 600 . Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC. Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t
din G.ABC theo a.
/s: V =
3a 3 3
7a
;R =
8
12
HT 12. D 10 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn SA = a; hnh chiu vung gc ca S
trn mt phng (ACBD) l im H thuc on AC, AH =
AC
. Gi CM l ng cao tam gic SAC. Chng minh M l trung
4
im ca SA v th tch khi t din SMBC theo a.

/s: V =
a 3 14
48
HT 13. A - 09 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti A v D; AB = AD = 2a;CD = a, gc gia hai mt
phng (SBC) v (ABCD) bng 600. Gi I l trung im ca cnh AD. Bit mt phng (SBI) v (SCI) cng vung gc vi mt
phng (ABCD). Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
/s: V =
3 15a 3
5
HT 14. B 09 Cho hnh lng tr tam gic ABC.ABC c BB ' = a, gc gia ng thng BB v mt phng (ABC) bng
600 ; tam gic ABC vung ti C v BAC = 600. Hnh chiu vung gc ca im B ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi trng
tm ca tam gic ABC. Tnh th tch khi t din AABC theo a.
/s: V =
9a 3
208
HT 15. D 09 Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c y l tam gic vung ti B. Gi s AB = a ; AA ' = 2a; AC ' = 3a.
Gi M l trung im ca AC v I l giao im ca AM v AC. Tnh th tch t din IABC. Tm khong cch t A ti (IBC).
/s: V =
4a 3
2a 5
;d =
9
5
HT 16. (A08) Cho lng tr ABC. ABC c di cnh bn bng 2a, y ABC l tam gic vung ti A, AB = a, AC = a 3
v hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (ABC) l trung im ca BC. Tnh theo a th tch ca khi chp A.ABC v cosin ca
gc gia 2 ng thng AA v BC.
HD:
V =
a3
1
;cos =
2
4
HT 17. (B08): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA = a, SB = a 3 v (SAB) vung gc mt
y. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im AB, BC. Tnh theo a th tch ca khi chp S.BMDN v cosin ca gc gia hai ng
thng SM v DN.
HD:
V =
a3 3
;
3
cos =
5
5
HT 18. (D08): Cho lng tr ng ABC. ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung, AB = BC = a, cnh bn AA = a 2 . Gi M l
trung im ca BC. Tnh theo a th tch ca lng tr ABC.ABC v khong cch gia 2 ng thng AM, BC. HD:
2a 3
a 7
;
d=
2
7
HT 19. (A07): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAD l tam gic u v nm trong
V =
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mt phng vung gc vi y. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im SB, BC, CD. Chng minh AM BP v tnh th tch khi
3a 3
96
HT 20. (B07): Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. Gi E l im i xng ca D qua
trung im ca SA; M l trung im ca AE, N l trung im ca BC. Chng minh MN BD v tnh khong cch gia hai
CMNP. HD:
V =
ng thng MN v AC. HD:
d=
a 2
4
HT 21. (D07): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vi ABC = BAD = 900 , BC = BA = a, AD = 2a.
SA(ABCD), SA = a 2 . Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB. Chng minh tam gic SCD vung v tnh khong
a
cch t H n (SCD). HD:
d=
3
HT 22. (A06): Cho hnh tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O, bn knh y bng chiu cao v bng a. Trn
ng trn y tm O ly im A, trn ng trn y tm O ly im B sao cho AB = 2a. Tnh th tch ca khi t din
OOAB. HD:
V =
3a 3
12
HT 23. (B06): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB = a, AD = a 2 , SA = a v SA (ABCD).
Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AD, SC; I l giao im ca BM v AC. Chng minh rng (SAC) (SMB). Tnh th tch
a3 2
36
HT 24. (D06): Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, SA = 2a v SA (ABC ) . Gi M, N ln
lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB, SC. Tnh th tch ca hnh chp A.BCMN.
ca khi t din ANIB. HD:
HD:
V =
V =
3 3a 3
50
HT 25. (D b 1 B07): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung tm O, SA (ABCD). AB = a, SA = a 2 . Gi
H, K ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB, SD. Chng minh SC(AHK) v tnh th tch ca t din OAHK.
HD:
V =
2a 3
27
HT 26. (D b 2 B07): Trong mt phng (P), cho na ng trn ng knh AB = 2R v im C thuc na ng
trn sao cho AC = R. Trn ng thng vung gc vi (P) ti A ly im S sao cho (SAB),(SBC) = 600 . Gi H, K ln
lt l hnh chiu ca A trn SB, SC. Chng minh tam gic AHK vung v tnh th tch t din SABC.
HD:
V =
R3 6
12
HT 27. (D b 1 D07): Cho lng tr ng ABC.A1B1C1 c y ABC l tam gic vung, AB = AC = a, AA1 = a 2 . Gi M, N
ln lt l trung im on AA1 v BC1. Chng minh MN l ng vung gc chung ca AA1 v BC1. Tnh th tch ca t
din MA1BC1.
HD:
V =
a3 2
12
HT 28. (D b 2 D07): Cho lng tr ng ABC.A1B1C1 c tt c cc cnh u bng a. M l trung im ca on AA1.

Chng minh BM B1C v tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng BM v B1C.
HD:
d=
a 30
10
a 3
v BAD = 600 . Gi M,
2
N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh A'D' v A'B'. Chng minh AC' (BDMN). Tnh th tch khi chp A.BDMN.
HT 29. (D b 1 A06): Cho hnh hp ng ABCD.A'B'C'D' c cc cnh AB = AD = a, AA' =
HD:
V =
3a 3
16
HT 30. (D b 2 A06): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB = a, AD = 2a, cnh SA vung gc
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vi y, cnh SB to vi mt phng y mt gc 600. Trn cnh SA ly im M sao cho AM =
a 3
. Mt phng (BCM) ct
3
cnh SD ti N. Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCNM.

HD:
V =
10 3 3
a
27
HT 31. (D b 1 B06): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a, BAD = 600 , SA (ABCD), SA = a. Gi
C' l trung im ca SC. Mt phng (P) i qua AC' v song song vi BD, ct cc cnh SB, SD ln lt ti B', D'. Tnh th tch
khi chp S.AB'C'D'.
HD:
V =
a3 3
18
HT 32. (D b 2 B06): Cho hnh lng tr ABC.A'B'C' c A'ABC l hnh chp tam gic u, cnh y AB = a, cnh bn AA'
= b. Gi l gc gia hai mt phng (ABC) v (A'BC). Tnh tan v th tch khi chp A'.BB'C'C.
HD:
tan =
2 3b 2 a 2
;
a
V =
a 2 3b 2 a 2
6
HT 33. (D b 1 D06): Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y bng a. Gi SH l ng cao ca hnh chp.
Khong cch t trung im I ca SH n mt phng (SBC) bng b. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
HD:
V =
2
a 3b
.
3 a 2 16b 2
2
a
3
. Mt phng () i qua A, K v song song vi BD, chia khi lp phng thnh hai khi a din. Tnh th tch ca hai khi
a din .
HT 34. (D b 2 D06): Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh bng a v im K thuc cnh CC sao cho CK =
HD:
V1 =
a3
;
3
V2 =
2a 3
3
HT 35. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, cnh bn SA = 5 . Mt mt phng (P)
i qua AB v vung gc vi mp(SCD) ln lt ct SC v SD ti C v D. Tnh th tch ca khi a din ADD.BCC. HD:
V =
5a 3 3
6
HT 36. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB =a, AD = a 2 , SA (ABCD). Gi M,N ln lt l
trung im ca AD v SC, I l giao im ca BM v AC.
a) Chng minh mp(SAC) BM.
b) Tnh th tch ca khi t din ANIB.
HT 37. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, cnh bn SA = a 5 . Mt mt phng (P)
i qua AB v vung gc vi mp(SCD) ln lt ct SC v SD ti C v D. Tnh th tch ca khi a din ADD.BCC.
HD: Ghp thm khi S.ABC'D' vo khi ADD'.BCC' th c khi SABCD
V =
5a 3 3
6
HT 38. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, SA = 2a v SA (ABC).Gi M v N ln lt l hnh chiu
ca A trn cc ng thng SB v SC. Tnh th tch khi chp A.BCNM.
2 2
SA SM SN
16
SA
3a 3 3
HD:
=
.
.
=
V =
=
SB 2
VSABC
SA SB SC
25
50
VSAMN
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PHN III: KHI TRN XOAY

I. KIN THC CN NH
I. Mt cu Khi cu:
1. nh ngha
Mt cu:
S (O; R) = {M OM = R} Khi cu:
V (O; R) = {M OM R}
2. V tr tng i gia mt cu v mt phng

Cho mt cu S(O; R) v mt phng (P). Gi d = d(O; (P)).
Nu d < R th (P) ct (S) theo giao tuyn l ng trn nm trn (P), c tm H v
bn knh r = R2 d 2 .
Nu d = R th (P) tip xc vi (S) ti tip im H. ((P) gl tip din ca (S))

Nu d > R th (P) v (S) khng c im chung.
Khi d = 0 th (P) i qua tm O v gl mt phng knh, ng trn giao tuyn c bn knh bng R gl ng trn ln.
3. V tr tng i gia mt cu v ng thng
Cho mt cu S(O; R) v ng thng . Gi d = d(O; ).
Nu d < R th ct (S) ti hai im phn bit.
Nu d = R th tip xc vi (S). ( gl tip tuyn ca (S)).
Nu d > R th v (S) khng c im chung.
4. Mt cu ngoi tip ni tip
Mt cu ngoi tip
Tt c cc nh ca hnh a din u nm
trn mt cu
Hnh tr
Hai ng trn y ca hnh tr nm trn
mt cu
Hnh nn
Mt cu i qua nh v ng trn y
ca hnh nn
5. Xc nh tm mt cu ngoi tip khi a din
Hnh a din
Mt cu ni tip
Tt c cc mt ca hnh a din u tip
xc vi mt cu
Mt cu tip xc vi cc mt y v mi
ng sinh ca hnh tr
Mt cu tip xc vi mt y v mi
ng sinh ca hnh nn
Cch 1: Nu (n 2) nh ca a din nhn hai nh cn li di mt gc vung th tm ca mt cu l trung

im ca on thng ni hai nh .
Cch 2: xc nh tm ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.
Xc nh trc ca y ( l ng thng vung gc vi y ti tm
ng trn ngoi tip a gic y).
Xc nh mt phng trung trc (P) ca mt cnh bn.
Giao im ca (P) v l tm ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.
II. Din tch Th tch
Cu
Din tch
S = 4R
Tr
Sxq = 2Rh
Nn
Sxq = Rl
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Th tch
0968.393.899
V =
4
R 3
3
Stp = Sxq + 2Say
Stp = Sxq + Say
V = R2h
V =
1
R2h
3
II. CC DNG TON

DNG TON 1: Mt cu Khi cu
HT 1.
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B v SA (ABC ) .
a) Gi O l trung im ca SC. Chng minh: OA = OB = OC = SO. Suy ra bn im A, B, C, S cng nm trn mt cu tm O

bn knh R =
SC
.
2
b) Cho SA = BC = a v AB = a 2 . Tnh bn knh mt cu ni trn.

HT 2. Trong mt phng (P), cho ng thng d v mt im A ngoi d. Mt gc xAy di ng quanh A, ct d ti B v C.
Trn ng thng qua A vung gc vi (P) ly im S. Gi H v K l cc hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB v SC.
a) Chng minh A, B, C, H, K thuc cng mt mt cu.
b) Tnh bn knh mt cu trn, bit AB = 2, AC = 3, BAC = 600 .
HT 3. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA (ABCD ) v SA = a 3 . Gi O l tm hnh
vung ABCD v K l hnh chiu ca B trn SC.
a) Chng minh ba im O, A, K cng nhn on SB di mt gc vung. Suy ra nm im S, D, A, K B cng nm trn mt
cu ng knh SB.
b) Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ni trn.
HT 4.
Cho mt cu S(O; a) v mt im A, bit OA = 2a. Qua A k mt tip tuyn tip xc vi (S) ti B v cng qua A k
mt ct tuyn ct (S) ti C v D, bit CD = a 3 .

a) Tnh AB.
b) Tnh khong cch t O n ng thng CD.
HT 5. Cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC, c cnh y bng a v gc hp bi mt bn v y bng 600. Gi O l tm ca
tam gic ABC. Trong tam gic SAO dng ng trung trc ca cnh SA, ct SO ti K.
a) Tnh SO, SA.
b) Chng minh SMK SOA ( vi M l trung im ca SA). Suy ra KS.
c) Chng minh hnh chp K.ABC l hnh chp u. suy ra: KA = KB +KC.
d) Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABC.
HT 6. Cho hnh chp S.ABC. bit rng c mt mt cu bn knh R tip xc vi cc cnh ca hnh chp v tm I ca mt
cu nm trn ng cao SH ca hnh chp.
a) Chng minh rng S.ABC l hnh chp u.
b) Tnh chiu cao ca hnh chp, bit rng IS = R 3
HT 7. Cho t din u ABCD c cnh l a.
a) Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din.
b) Tnh din tch mt cu v th tch khi cu .
HT 8. Cho mt hnh chp t gic u c cnh y l a, cnh bn hp vi mt y mt gc 600.
a) Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.
b) Tnh din tch mt cu v th tch khi cu .
HT 9. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c tt c cc cnh u bng a. Xc nh tm v bn knh ca mt cu i qua
nm im S, A, B, C, D.
HT 10. Cho tam gic ABC c di ba cnh l 13, 14, 15. Mt mt cu tm O, bn knh R = 5 tip xc vi ba cnh ca
tam gic ABC ti cc tip im nm trn ba cnh . Tnh khong cch t tm mt cu ti mt phng cha tam gic.
HT 11. Hnh chp S.ABC c ng cao SA = a, y ABC l tam gic u cnh a. Tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh
chp.
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HT 12. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y bng a v gc hp bi mt bn v y bng 600. Xc nh tm v
bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.
HT 13. Hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y a v ng cao h. Gi O l tm ca ABCD v H l trung im ca BC.
ng phn gic trong ca gc SHO ct SO ti I. Chng minh rng I l tm mt cu ni tip hnh chp. Tnh bn knh mt
cu ny.
HT 14. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c SA (ABC) v tam gic ABC vung ti B. Gi AH, AK ln lt l cc ng cao ca cc
tam gic SAB v SAC.
a) Chng minh rng nm im A, B, C, H, K cng trn mt mt cu.
b) Cho AB = 10, BC = 24. Xc nh tm v tnh bn knh mt cu .
HT 15. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a, SA = a 7 v SA (ABCD). Mt mt phng (P) qua A
v vung gc vi SC, ct SB, SC, SD ln lt ti H, M, K.
a) Chng minh rng by im A, B, C, D, H, M, K cng trn mt mt cu.
b) Xc nh tm v tnh bn knh mt cu .
DNG TON 2: Mt tr Hnh tr Khi tr
HT 16. Cho hnh tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O, bn knh y bng 2 cm. Trn ng trn y tm O ly hai
im A, B sao cho AB = 2 cm. Bit rng th tch t din OOAB bng 8 cm3. Tnh chiu cao hnh tr v th tch khi tr.
HT 17. Cho hnh tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O, bn knh y bng 2 cm. Trn ng trn y tm O ly
im A sao cho AO hp vi mt phng y mt gc 600 . Tnh chiu cao hnh tr v th tch khi tr.
HT 18. Cho hnh tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O, bn knh y bng chiu cao v bng a. Trn ng trn
y tm O ly im A, trn ng trn y tm O ly im B sao cho AB = 2a. Tnh th tch ca khi t din OOAB.
HT 19. Mt khi tr c chiu cao bng 20 cm v c bn knh y bng 10 cm. Ngi ta k hai bn knh OA v OB ln
lt trn hai y sao cho chng hp vi nhau mt gc 300. Ct khi tr bi mt mt phng cha ng thng AB v
song song vi trc OO ca khi tr . Hy tnh din tch ca thit din.
HT 20. Mt hnh tr c bn knh y R = 53 cm, khong cch gia hai y h = 56 cm. Mt thit din song song vi trc
l hnh vung. Tnh khong cch t trc n mt phng thit din.
HT 21. Cho hnh tr bn knh y R, chiu cao OO = h, A v B l hai im thay i trn hai ng trn y sao cho
di AB = a khng i h > a < h 2 + 4R2 .

a) Chng minh gc gia hai ng thng AB v OO khng i.
b) Chng minh khong cch gia hai ng thng AB v OO khng i.
HT 22. Trong khng gian cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a. Gi I v H ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB v CD. Khi
quay hnh vung xung quanh trc IH ta c mt hnh tr trn xoay.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh tr trn xoay c to nn.
b) Tnh th tch ca khi tr trn xoay c to nn bi hnh tr trn xoay .
HT 23. Mt hnh tr c bn knh y R v c thit din qua trc l mt hnh vung.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh v din tch ton phn ca hnh tr.
b) Tnh th tch ca khi lng tr t gic u ni tip trong khi tr cho.
HT 24. Mt hnh tr c bn knh y R v ng cao bng R 3 ; A v B l hai im trn hai ng trn y sao cho
gc hp bi AB v trc ca hnh tr l 300.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh v din tch ton phn ca hnh tr.
b) Tnh khong cch gia AB v trc ca hnh tr.
HT 25. Cho hnh tr bn knh y R, chiu cao h. Gi A v B l hai im ln lt nm trn hai ng trn y (O, R) v
(O, R) sao cho OA v OB hp vi nhau mt gc bng x v v hai ng thng AB, OO hp vi nhau mt gc bng y.
a) Tnh bn knh R theo h, x, y.
b) Tnh Sxq, Stp v th tch V ca hnh tr theo h, x, y.
HT 26. Cho hnh tr bn knh y bng a v trc OO = 2a. OA v OB l hai bn knh ca hai ng trn y (O), (O)
sao cho gc ca OA v OB bng 300.
a) Tnh di on thng AB.
b) Tnh tang ca gc gia AB v OO.
c) Tnh khong cch gia AB v OO.
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HT 27. Mt khi tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O, bn knh R v c ng cao h = R 2 . Gi A l mt im

trn ng trn tm O v B l mt im trn ng trn tm O sao cho OA vung gc vi OB.
a) Chng minh rng cc mt bn ca t din OABO l nhng tam gic vung. Tnh t s th tch ca khi t din OABO
v khi tr.
b) Gi () l mt phng qua AB v song song vi OO. Tnh khong cch gia trc OO v mt phng () .
R 2
c) Chng minh rng () l tip din ca mt tr c trc OO v c bn knh y bng
.
2
MT NN HNH NN KHI NN
HT1.
Cho hnh lng tr t gic u ABCD.ABCD c cnh y bng a, chiu cao 2a. Bit rng O l tm ca ABCD
v (C) l ng trn ni tip y ABCD. Tnh th tch khi nn c nh O v y (C).
HT2.
Cho hnh lng tr tam gic u ABC.ABC c cnh y bng a v chiu cao 2a. Bit rng O l tm ca ABC v
(C) l ng trn ni tip y ABC. Tnh th tch khi nn c nh O v y (C).
HT3.
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y bng a, cnh bn hp vi y mt gc 600 . Gi (C) l ng
trn ngoi tip y ABCD. Tnh th tch khi nn c nh S v y (C).
HT4.
Trong khng gian cho tam gic OIM vung ti I, gc IOM bng 300 v cnh IM = a. Khi quay tam gic OIM
quanh cnh gc vung OI th ng gp khc OMI to thnh mt hnh nn trn xoay.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh nn trn xoay to thnh.
b) Tnh th tch ca khi nn trn xoay to thnh.
HT5.
Thit din qua trc ca mt hnh nn l mt tam gic vung cn c cnh gc vung bng a.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh v din tch ton phn ca hnh nn.
b) Tnh th tch ca khi nn tng ng.
c) Mt thit din qua nh v to vi y mt gc 600. Tnh din tch ca thit din ny.
HT6.
Cho hnh nn nh S, ng cao SO, A v B l hai im thuc ng trn y sao cho khong cch t im O
n AB bng a v SAO = 300 , SAB =600 . Tnh di ng sinh ca hnh nn theo a.

HT7.
Thit din qua trc ca mt khi nn l mt tam gic vung cn c cnh huyn bng a. Tnh th tch khi nn
v din tch xung quanh ca hnh nn cho.
HT8.
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD. ABCD cnh a. Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh nn c nh l tm O ca hnh
vung ABCD v y l hnh trn ni tip hnh vung ABCD.
HT9.
Ct mt hnh nn bng mt mt phng i qua trc ca n, ta c thit din l mt tam gic u cnh 2a. Tnh
din tch xung quanh, din tch ton phn ca hnh v th tch ca khi nn.
HT10.
Cho hnh chp tam gic u S. ABC c cnh bn bng a v gc gia cc mt bn v mt y l . Mt hnh nn
nh S c ng trn y ni tip tam gic u ABC, Hy tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh nn ny theo a v .
HT11.
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c chiu cao SO = h v SAB = ( > 450). Tnh din tch xung quanh ca
hnh nn nh S v c ng trn y ngoi tip hnh vung ABCD.
HT12.
Mt hnh nn c di ng sinh bng 1 v gc gia ng sinh v y l .
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh v th tch ca khi nn.
b) Gi I l im trn ng cao SO ca hnh nn sao cho
SI
= k (0 < k < 1) . Tnh din tch ca thit din qua I v
SO
vung gc vi trc.
Page 54

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Hinh Hoc Khong Gian - Luu Huy Thuong

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CHUYN LUYN THI I HC

GV.Lu Huy Thng

CHUYN HNH HC KHNG GIAN

II/ CC DNG TON THNG GP

GV.Lu Huy Thng

DNG TON 2: Tm giao im ca ng thng v mt phng

DNG TON 3: Chng minh ba im thng hng, ba ng thng ng qui

b) Chng minh: I, B1, B v I, C1, C thng hng.

GV.Lu Huy Thng

DNG TON 4: Xc nh thit din ca mt hnh chp vi mt mt phng (i qua 3 im)

b) Thit din l t gic.

b) Thit din l ng gic. Cc t s l: 1/3; 1; 1.

GV.Lu Huy Thng

c) Tm thit din ca hnh chp vi (AGM).

b) Thit din l t gic

c) Tm (AGM)(SAC). Thit din l t gic.

a) Gi O=ACBD th I=SOBN, J=AIMN

a) Qua giao im ca AI v SO=(SAC)(SBD).

GV.Lu Huy Thng

2: HAI NG THNG SONG SONG

DNG TON 1: Chng minh hai ng thng song song

GV.Lu Huy Thng

DNG TON 2: Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng

Tm mt im chung ca hai mt phng.

b) Tam gic AMC vi M l trung im ca SD. Din tch

GV.Lu Huy Thng

3: NG THNG V MT PHNG SONG SONG

Nu ng thng d khng nm trn mt phng (P) v d song song vi ng thng d nm trong

Nu ng thng d song song vi mt phng (P) th mi mt phng (Q) cha d m ct (P) th ct

DNG TON 1: Chng minh ng thng song song vi mt phng

GV.Lu Huy Thng

HT 39. Cho t din ABCD. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CD v G l trung im ca on MN.

DNG TON 2: Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng

a) ng thng qua C v song song vi BC.

b) Hnh thang. Hnh bnh hnh khi M l trung im ca SA.

GV.Lu Huy Thng

4: HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG

II. CC DNG TON C BN

a) CMR: IJ lun song song vi 1 mt phng c nh.

a) IJ song song vi mp qua AB v song song CD.

GV.Lu Huy Thng

a) CMR: (OMN) // (SBC).

c) Trung tuyn tam gic ODE v t O.

DNG TON 2: Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng

a) Xt 2 trng hp: I OA, I OC . Thit din l tam gic u.

neu 0 < x <

GV.Lu Huy Thng

HT 53. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC. Gi H l trung im ca AB.

HT 54. Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD.

c) Hnh bnh hnh.

a) MP v NQ ct nhau ti tm O ca hnh lp phng.

b) (MNPQ) i qua trung im R, S ca BC v AD. x =

c) Thit din l lc gic MRNPSQ c tm i xng l O.

GV.Lu Huy Thng

Xt CEF = 600 ,CEF = 1200 2AC2 AD2 = 6a2 hoc 2a2.

d) OA2 + OB2 + OC2 + OD2 = 4OG2 + GA2 + GB2 + GC2 + GD2.

c) Tnh din tch t gic MNPQ theo a v s = x + y.

b) SAMN = SAMI + SANI

HT 60. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. T gic y c AB v CD ct nhau ti E, AD v BC ct nhau ti F, AC v BD ct nhau ti G.

d) Tnh din tch t gic ABCD.

c) (P) // (SEF). Gi G = ACBD. Chng minh:

GV.Lu Huy Thng

5: HAI NG THNG VUNG GC

DNG TON 1: Chng minh hai ng thng vung gc