KEY

1. (24 Points) Molecular Geometry and Polarity

For each molecule, complete the following:
i. identify by name the electron-pair and molecular geometry
ii. identify the hybrid orbitals on the central atom
iii. draw a ball-and-stick representation of the molecular geometry
iv. determine whether the molecule has net dipole moment of =0 or 0
F

A. (6 Points) SiF4
Electron Pair Geometry
Molecular Geometry
Hybrid Orbitals on Central Atom
Net dipole moment
Ball-and-Stick Model

Tetrahedral
Tetrahedral
sp3
=0

B. (6 Points) NCl3
Electron Pair Geometry
Molecular Geometry
Hybrid Orbitals on Central Atom
Net dipole moment
Ball-and-Stick Model

Tetrahedral
Trigonal Pyramidal
sp3
0

F
SI

Cl
N

Cl

Cl

F
C. (6 Points) PF5
Electron Pair Geometry
Molecular Geometry
Hybrid Orbitals on Central Atom
Net dipole moment
Ball-and-Stick Model

Trigonal Bipyramidal
Trigonal Bipyramidal
sp3d
=0

F
F

F
D. (6 Points) AsF6
Electron Pair Geometry
Molecular Geometry
Hybrid Orbitals on Central Atom
Net dipole moment
Ball-and-Stick Model

Octahedral
Octahedral
sp3d2
=0

As
F

F
F

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2.

(20 Points) Molecular Orbital Theory

A. (12 Points) In Group Exercise #27, you explored molecular orbital diagrams for diatomic
molecules. Draw and label a molecular orbital diagram for two diatomic gases, nitrogen
and N2.

F2

F2

!"2p

!"2p
#"2p

#"2p

2p

2p

2p

2p

#2p

#2p

!2p

!2p

!"2s

!"2s

2s

2s

2s

2s

!2s

!2s

!"2p

B. (4 Points) Consider molecular orbital diagrams and bond order calculations for fluorine
gas and F2, which is more stable? Explain briefly.
F2
Bond Order = [8-6] =1/2[2] = 1.0
F2
Bond Order = [8-7] =1/2[1] = 0.5
Molecule with higher bond order is more stable.

Most Stable

C. (4 Points) Draw representations of the 2p atomic orbitals that form 2p and *2p molecular
orbitals. (Hint: Consider the mathematic signs of the orbitals)
*2p

2p

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3. (20 Points) Lewis Structures
Draw the Lewis structure, including resonance structures if applicable, for each molecule. Be
sure to minimize the energy.
A. (5 Points) ClO3-

B. (5 Points) CH2F2

H
H

F
F

C. (5 Points) Sodium oxide

Na

D. (5 Points) CN

Na

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4. (16 Points) Electron Configuration and Magnetism
A. (4 Points) Write noble gas core ground state electron configurations for the following:
i. (2 Points) Cu

[Ar]4s13d10

ii. (2 Points) Ni6+

[Ar]3d4

B. (6 Points) Identify the total number of valence electrons for each of the ground state noble
gas core electron configurations below:
i. (2 Points) [Ar]4s2

Total Number of Valence Electrons 2

ii. (2 Points) [Ar]4s23d104p2

Total Number of Valence Electrons 4

iii. (2 Points) [Ar]4s23d3

Total Number of Valence Electrons 5

C. (6 Points) Which of the following is diamagnetic or paramagnetic?

i. (2 Points) Selenide ion
[Ar]4s23d104p6

Diamagnetic

ii. (2 Points) Argon

[Ne]3s23p6

Diamagnetic

iii. (2 Points) Mercury

[Xe]6s24f145d10

Diamagnetic

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5. (20 Points) Periodic Trends and Reaction Energy
A. (10 Points) Write a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of ethane, C2H6, into
the typical products of gaseous carbon dioxide and water.
i (2 Points) Balanced chemical equation

2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O

ii. (8 Points) From the table of bond energies below, calculate the EReaction for the
combustion of ethane.
Bond
C-H
O=O
O-H
C=O
C-C
H-N
NN
H-H
H-Cl
Cl-Cl

Energy (kJ/mole)
415
495
460
800
345
390
945
435
430
240

E = 2(C-C) + 12(C-H) + 7(O=O) 8(C=O) 12(O-H)

E = 2 mol(345 kJ/mol) + 12 mol (415 kJ/mol) + 7 mol (495 kJ/mol) 8 mol (800
kJ/mol) 12 mol (460 kJ/mol)
E = 690 kJ + 4980 kH 3470 kJ 6400 kJ 5520 kJ = -9720 kJ
B. (10 Points) Determine the highest occupied atomic orbital for beryllium, magnesium,
aluminum, sulfur, arsenic and rubidium. List the chemical symbol for each atom in order
from the most stable (lowest energy) to the least stable highest occupied atomic orbital:
Be (2s) >
Most Stable
Lowest Energy

S(3p) >

Al(3p) >

Mg(3s) >
As(4p)
Least Stable
Highest Energy

Rb(5s)

Extra Credit (5 Points) Examine the structure of caffeine, below. Consider the steric numbers of
the carbon and nitrogen atoms in the rings and the approximate bond angles. Is caffeine a planar
molecule? Briefly explain your answer.
Planar molecule Circle one
Yes
No
Explanation:
The carbon and nitrogen atoms in the ring have SN=3; this implies sp2
hybrid orbitals. The angles are 1200 all in one plane.