B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP H NI

KHOA IN T

Bi tiu lun: O LNG CM BIN

TI:

TM HIU V CM BIN NHIT

GIO VIN HNG DN

NGUYN TUN ANH

H NI

SINH VIN THC HIN:

V NGC DNG
TRN HU NAM

09 - 2010

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LI M U
Trong qu trnh sn xut c nhiu i lng vt l nh nhit , p sut,
tc , tc quay, nng pH, nhn...vv cn c x l cho o lng,
cho mc ch iu khin truyn ng. Cc b cm bin thc hin chc nng
ny, chng thu nhn, p ng cc kch thch. Cm bin l mt b chuyn i
k thut chuyn i cc lng vt l nh nhit , p sut, khong
cch...vv sang mt i lng khc c th nh gi tt hn. Trong tt c
cc i lng vt l, nhit l mt trong cc i lng c quan tm nhiu
nht v nhit ng vai tr quyt nh n nhiu tnh cht ca vt cht.
Nhit c th lm nh hng n cc i lng chu tc dng ca n. Th
d nh p sut, th tch ca cht khvv. Bi vy trong cng nghip cng
nh i sng hng ngy phi o nhit .

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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
-2-

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
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I: TM HIU CHUNG V CM BIN NHIT

ch to cc b cm bin nhit ngi ta s dng nhiu nguyn l cm
bin khc nhau nh:
Phng php quang da trn s phn b ph bc x nhit do dao ng
nhit (hiu ng Doppler).
Phng php da trn s gin n ca vt rn, cht lng hoc cht kh
(vi p sut khng i) hoc da trn tc m.
Phng php in da trn s ph thuc ca cc in tr vo nhit .
1.1 PHN LOI
Nhit t mi trng s c cm bin hp thu, ti y ty theo c cu ca
cm bin s bin i lng nhit ny thnh mt i lng in no . Nh
th mt yu t ht sc quan trng l nhit mi trng cn o v
nhit cm nhn ca cm bin. C th iu ny l: Cc loi cm bin m
cc bn trng thy n u l ci v bo v, phn t cm bin nm bn trong
ci v ny ( bn dn, lng kim.) do vic o c chnh xc hay khng
ty thuc vo vic truyn nhit t mi trng vo n phn t cm bin tn
tht bao nhiu ( 1 trong nhng yu t quyt nh gi cm bin nhit).
A. PHN LOI CM BIN NHIT.
Cp nhit in ( Thermocouple ).
Nhit in tr ( RTD-resitance temperature detector ).
Thermistor.
Bn dn ( Diode, IC ,.).
Ngoi ra cn c loi o nhit khng tip xc ( ha k- Pyrometer ).
Dng hng ngoi hay lazer.
A.1. CP NHIT IN ( Thermocouples ).
- Cu to: Gm 2 cht liu kim loi khc nhau, hn dnh mt u.
- Nguyn l: Nhit thay i cho ra sc in ng thay i ( mV).
- u im: Bn, o nhit cao.
- Khuyt im: Nhiu yu t nh hng lm sai s. nhy khng cao.
- Thng dng: L nhit, mi trng kht nghit, o nhit nht my nn,
- Tm o: -100 D.C <1400 D.C

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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
-3-

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
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Gm 2 dy kim loi khc nhau c hn dnh 1 u gi l u nng

( hay u o), hai u cn li gi l u lnh ( hay l u chun ). Khi c s
chnh lch nhit gia u nng v u lnh th s pht sinh 1 sc in
ng V ti u lnh. Mt vn t ra l phi n nh v o c nhit
u lnh, iu ny ty thuc rt ln vo cht liu. Do vy mi cho ra cc
chng loi cp nhit , mi loi cho ra 1 sc in ng khc nhau: E, J, K,
R, S, T. Cc bn lu iu ny chn u d v b iu khin cho thch
hp.
Dy ca cp nhit in th khng di ni n b iu khin, yu t
dn n khng chnh xc l ch ny, gii quyt iu ny chng ta phi b
tr cho n ( offset trn b iu khin ).

Hnh cp nhit in
A.1. CP NHIT IN ( Thermocouples ).
- Cu to: Gm 2 cht liu kim loi khc nhau, hn dnh mt u.
- Nguyn l: Nhit thay i cho ra sc in ng thay i ( mV).
- u im: Bn, o nhit cao.
- Khuyt im: Nhiu yu t nh hng lm sai s. nhy khng cao.
- Thng dng: L nhit, mi trng kht nghit, o nhit nht my nn,
- Tm o: -100 D.C <1400 D.C

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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
-4-

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DY KIM LOI

Cu to ca nhit in tr RTD
Cu to ca RTD gm c dy kim loi lm t: ng, Nikel, Platinum,
c qun ty theo hnh dng ca u o. Khi nhit thay i in tr
gia hai u dy kim loi ny s thay i, v ty cht liu kim loi s c
tuyn tnh trong mt khong nhit nht nh.Ph bin nht ca RTD l loi
cm bin Pt, c lm t Platinum. Platinum c in tr sut cao, chng oxy
ha, nhy cao, di nhit o c di. Thng c cc loi: 100, 200, 500,
1000 ohm ti 0 D.C. in tr cng cao th nhy nhit cng cao.
RTD thng c loi 2 dy, 3 dy v 4 dy.
Lu khi s dng:
Loi RTD 4 dy gim in tr dy dn i 1/2, gip hn ch sai s.
Cch s dng ca RTD kh d chu hn so vi Thermocouple. Chng
ta c th ni thm dy cho loi cm bin ny ( hn k, cht lng dy tt, c
chng nhiu ) v c th o test bng VOM c.
V l bin thin in tr nn khng quan tm n chiu u dy.

Cm bin dng NTD

A.3. THERMISTOR
- Cu to: Lm t hn hp cc oxid kim loi: mangan, nickel, cobalt,
- Nguyn l: Thay i in tr khi nhit thay i.
- u im: Bn, r tin, d ch to.
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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
-5-

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
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- Khuyt im: Dy tuyn tnh hp.

- Thng dng: Lm cc chc nng bo v, p vo cun dy ng c, mch
in t.
- Tm o: 50 <150 D.C.

Cu to Thermistor.
Thermistor c cu to t hn hp cc bt ocid. Cc bt ny c
ha trn theo t l v khi lng nht nh sau c nn cht v nung
nhit cao. V mc dn in ca hn hp ny s thay i khi nhit
thay i.
C hai loi thermistor: H s nhit dng PTC- in tr tng theo nhit
; H s nhit m NTC in tr gim theo nhit . Thng dng nht l
loi NTC.
Thermistor ch tuyn tnh trong khong nhit nht nh 50-150D.C
do vy ngi ta t dng dng lm cm bin o nhit. Ch s dng trong
cc mc ch bo v, ngt nhit, cc bc nh ta thng gi l Tt-mt. Ci
Block lnh no cng c mt vi b gn cht vo cun dy ng c.

Hnh thermistor.
A.4. BN DN
- Cu to: Lm t cc loi cht bn dn.
- Nguyn l: S phn cc ca cc cht bn dn b nh hng bi nhit .
- u im: R tin, d ch to, nhy cao, chng nhiu tt, mch x l n
gin.
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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
-6-

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
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- Khuyt im: Khng chu nhit cao, km bn.

- Thng dng: o nhit khng kh, dng trong cc thit b o, bo v cc
mch in t.
- Tm o: -50 <150 D.C.

Cm bin nhit Bn Dn l nhng loi cm bin c ch to t nhng

cht bn dn. C cc loi nh Diode, Transistor, IC. Nguyn l ca chng l
da trn mc phn cc ca cc lp P-N tuyn tnh vi nhit mi
trng. Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca ngnh cng ngh bn dn cho ra
i rt nhiu loi cm bin nhit vi s tch hp ca nhiu u im: chnh
xc cao, chng nhiu tt, hot ng n nh, mch in x l n gin, r
tin,.
Ta d dng bt gp cc cm bin loi ny di dng diode ( hnh dng
tng t Pt100), cc loi IC nh: LM35, LM335, LM45. Nguyn l ca
chng l nhit thay i s cho ra in p thay i. in p ny c phn
p t mt in p chun c trong mch.

IC cm bin nhit LM35

Cm bin nhit dng Diode

Gn y c cho ra i IC cm bin nhit cao cp, chng h tr lun c chun

truyn thng I2C ( DS18B20 ) m ra mt xu hng mi trong th gii cm
bin.

IC cm bin nhit DS18B20

________________________________________________________________________
Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
-7-

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A.5. NHIT K BC X ( cn gi l ha k- pyrometer ).

- Cu to: Lm t mch in t, quang hc.
- Nguyn l: o tnh cht bc x nng lng ca mi trng mang nhit.
- u im: Dng trong mi trng khc nghit, khng cn tip xc vi mi
trng o.
- Khuyt im: chnh xc khng cao, t tin.
- Thng dng: Lm cc thit b o cho l nung.
- Tm o: -54 <1000 D.F.

-Nhit k bc x ( ha k ) l loi thit b chuyn dng dng o nhit

ca nhng mi trng m cc cm bin thng thng khng th tip xc
c ( l nung thp, ha cht n mn mnh, kh t cm bin).
- Gm c cc loi: Ha k bc x, ha k cng sng, ha k mu sc.
Chng hot ng da trn nguyn tc cc vt mang nhit s c hin tng
bc x nng lng. V nng lng bc x s c mt bc sng nht nh.
Ha k s thu nhn bc sng ny v phn tch cho ra nhit ca vt cn
o.

1.2 Thang o nhit .

o c tr s chnh xc ca nhit l vn khng n gin. Nhit
l i lng ch c th o gin tip trn c s tnh cht ca vt ph thuc vo
nhit . Trc khi o nhit ta cn cp n thang o nhit .
Vic xc nh thang nhit xut pht t cc nh lut nhit ng hc.
Thang o nhit tuyt i c xc nh da trn tnh cht ca kh l
tng. nh lut Carnot nu r: Hiu sut mt ng c nhit thun nghch
hot ng gia 2 ngun c nhit 1 v 2 trong mt thang o bt k ch
ph thuc vo 1 v 2:

F(1)
F( 2 )

Dng ca hm F ch ph thuc vo thang o nhit . Ngc li, vic

la chn hm F s quyt nh thang o nhit . t F() = T chng ta s xc
nh T nh l nhit nhit ng hc tuyt i v hiu sut ca ng c
nhit thun nghch s c vit nh sau:
________________________________________________________________________
Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
-8-

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

T1
T2

Trong :
T1 v T2 l nhit nhit ng hc tuyt i ca hai ngun.
Thang Kelvin
Nm 1664 Robert Hook thit lp im khng l im ng ca nc
ct.Thomson (Kelvin) nh vt l Anh, nm 1852 xc nh thang nhit .
Thang Kelvin n v l 0K, ngi ta gn cho nhit ca im cn bng ca
3 trng thi nc nc hi mt tr s bng 273,15 0K.
Thang Celsius
Nm 1742 Andreas Celsius l nh vt l Thy in a ra thang nhit
bch phn. Trong thang ny n v o nhit l 0C, mt Celsius bng
mt Kelvin. Quan h gia nhit Celsius v nhit Kelvin c xc
nh bng biu thc:
T(0C) = T(0K) 273,15
Thang Fahrenheit
Nm 1706 Fahrenheit nh vt l H Lan a ra thang nhit c im
nc tan l 320 v si 2120. n v nhit l Fahrenheit (0F). Quan h
gia nhit Celsius v Fahrenheit c cho theo biu thc:

5
9

T(0 F)

9 0
T( C) 32
5

T(0 C) T(0 F) 32

Bng 1.1 Thng s c trng ca mt s thang o nhit khc nhau

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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
-9-

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Nhit
im 0 tuyt i

Kelvin
(0K)

Celsius
(0C)

Fahrenheit (0F)

-273,15

-459,67

Hn hp nc nc

273,15

32

Cn bng nc nc hi
nc

273,16

0,01

32,018

Nc si

373,15

100

212

1.2.1 Nhit c o v nhit cn o.

Nhit o c:
Nhit o c nh mt in tr hay mt cp nhit, chnh bng nhit
ca cm bin v k hiu l TC. N ph thuc vo nhit mi trng TX v
vo s trao i nhit trong . Nhim v ca ngi thc nghim l lm
th no gim hiu s TX TC xung nh nht. C hai bin php gim
s khc bit gia TX v TC:
- Tng trao i nhit gia cm bin v mi trng o.
- Gim trao i nhit gia cm bin v mi trng bn ngoi.
o nhit trong lng vt rn
Thng thng cm bin c trang b mt lp v bc bn ngoi. o
nhit ca mt vt rn bng cm bin nhit , t b mt ca vt ngi ta
khoan mt l nh ng knh bng r v su bng L. L ny dng a
cm bin vo su trong cht rn. tng chnh xc ca kt qu phi m
bo hai iu kin:
- Chiu su ca l khoan phi bng hoc ln hn gp 10 ln ng knh
ca n (L 10r).
- Gim tr khng nhit gia vt rn v cm bin bng cch gim khong
cch gia v cm bin v thnh l khoan. khong cch gia v cm bin v
thnh l khoan phi c lp y bng mt vt liu dn nhit tt.
1.2.2 Nhit in tr vi Platin v Nickel
1.2.2.1 in tr kim loi thay i theo nhit
S chuyn ng ca cc ht mang in tch theo mt hng hnh thnh
mt dng in trong kim loi. S chuyn ng ny c th do mt lc c hc
________________________________________________________________________
Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
- 10 -

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

hay in trng gy nn v in tch c th l m hay dng dch chuyn vi

chiu ngc nhau. dn in ca kim loi rng t l nghch vi nhit
hay in tr ca kim loi c h s nhit dng. Trong hnh 1.1 ta c cc
c tuyn in tr ca cc kim loi theo nhit . Nh th in tr kim loi
c h s nhit in tr dng PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient): in
tr kim loi tng khi nhit tng. hiu ng ny c th s dng c
trong vic o nhit , h s nhit cn phi ln.iu c ngha l c s
thay i in tr kh ln i vi nhit . Ngoi ra cc tnh cht ca kim loi
khng c thay i nhiu sau mt thi gian di. H s nhit khng ph
thuc vo nhit , p sut v khng b nh hng bi cc ha cht. Gia
nhit v in tr thng khng c s tuyn tnh, n c din t bi mt
biu thc a cp cao:
R(t) = R0 (1 + A.t + B.t2 + C.t3 +)
in tr
St

ng

Than

Hnh 1.1: Cc c tuyn in tr ca cc kim loi theo nhit .

- R0: in tr c xc nh mt nhit nht nh.

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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
- 11 -

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
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- t2, t3: cc phn t c ch nhiu hay t ty theo yu cu chnh xc ca

php o.
- A, B, C: cc h s ty theo vt liu kim loi v din t s lin h gia nhit
v in tr mt cch r rng.
Thng thng c tnh ca nhit in tr c th hin bi ch mt h
s a (alpha), n thay th cho h s nhit trung bnh trong thang o (v d
t 00C n 1000C.)
alpha = (R100 - R0) / 100. R0 (C-1)
1.2.2.2 Nhit in tr Platin
Platin l vt liu cho nhit in tr c dng rng ri trong cng
nghip. C 2 tiu chun i vi nhit in tr platin, s khc nhau gia
chng nm mc tinh khit ca vt liu. Hu ht cc quc gia s dng
tiu chun quc t DIN IEC751-1983 (c sa i ln th nht vo nm
1986, ln th 2 vo nm 1995), USA vn tip tc s dng tiu chun ring.
c 2 tiu chun u s dng phng trnh Callendar - Van Dusen:
R(t) = R0 (1 + A.t + B.t2 + C[t - 1000C].t3)
R0 l tr s in tr nh mc 00C.
Standard

IEC751
(Pt100)

SAMA
RC-4

Alpha
R0
ohms/ohm/C ohms

0.00385055

0.0039200

H s

t nc

200C < t < 0C c, o, B, Brazil,

A = 3.90830x10-3 Bulgaria, Canada, Cng
B = -5.77500x10-7 ha Czech, an mch,
C = -4.18301x10-12 Ai Cp, Phn Lan, Php,
100
0C < t < 850C c, Israel, , Nht, Ba
A &B nh trn, Lan, Rumania, Nam phi,
Th Nh K, Nga, Anh,
ring
USA
C = 0.0
A= 3.97869x10-3
98.129 B = -5.86863x10-7 USA
C = -4.16696x10-12

R0 ca nhit in tr Pt 100 l 100, ca Pt 500 l 500, ca Pt 1000

l 1000. Cc loi Pt 500, Pt 1000 c h s nhit ln hn, do nhy
ln hn: in tr thay i mnh hn theo nhit . ngoi ra cn c loi Pt 10
c nhy km dng o nhit trn 6000C.
________________________________________________________________________
Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
- 12 -

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
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Tiu chun IEC751 ch nh ngha 2 ng cp dung sai A, B. Trn

thc t xut hin thm loi C v D (xem bng pha di). Cc tiu chun
ny cng p dng cho cc loi nhit in tr khc.
ng cp dung sai

Dung sai (C)

t = (0.15 + 0.002.| t |)

t = (0.30 + 0.005. | t |)

t = (0.40 + 0.009. | t |)

t = (0.60 + 0.0018. | t |)

Theo tiu chun DIN vt liu platin dng lm nhit in tr c pha tp.
Do khi b cc tp cht khc thm thu trong qu trnh s dng s thay i
tr s in ca n t hn so vi cc platin rng. Nh th c s n nh lu di
theo thi gian, thch hp hn trong cng nghip. Trong cng nghip nhit
in tr platin thng dng c ng knh 30m (so snh vi ng knh
si tc khong 100m).
1.2.2.3 Nhit in tr nickel
Nhit in tr nickel so vi platin r tin hn v c h s nhit ln
gn gp hai ln (6,18.10-3 0C-1). Tuy nhin di o ch t -60 0C n +2500C, v
trn 3500C nickel c s thay i v pha. Cm bin nickel 100 thng dng
trong cng nghip iu ha nhit phng.
R(t) = R0 (1 + A.t +B.t2 +D.t4 +F.t6)
A = 5.485x10-3
B = 6.650x10-6
D = 2.805x10-11 F = -2.000x10-17.
Vi cc trng hp khng i hi s chnh xc cao ta s dng phng trnh
sau:
R(t) = R0 (1 + a.t)
a = alpha= 0.00672 0C-1
T d dng chuyn i thnh gi tr nhit :
t = (Rt / R0 - 1) / a = (Rt / R0 - 1) / 0.00672

________________________________________________________________________
Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
- 13 -

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hnh 1.2: ng c tnh cm bin nhit ZNI1000

Cm bin nhit ZNI1000 do hng ZETEX Semiconductors sn xut
s dng nhit in tr Ni, c thit k c gi tr 1000 ti 00C.
1.2.2.4 Cc cu trc ca cm bin nhit platin v nickel
Nhit in tr vi k thut dy qun.
Nhit in tr vi v gm: Si platin c gi cht trong ng gm s vi
bt oxit nhm. Di o t -2000C n 8000C.
Nhit in tr vi v thy tinh:
loi ny c bn c hc v nhy
cao. Di o t - 2000C n 4000C,
c dng trong mi trng ha cht
c n mn ha hc cao.
Nhit in tr vi v nha: Gia
2 lp nha polyamid dy platin c
ng knh khong 30mm c dn
Hnh 1.7: Cu trc nhit in tr kim
kn. Vi cu trc mng, cm bin ny
loi dy qun (v ceramic)
c dng o nhit b mt cc
ng hay cun dy bin th. Di o t
-800C n 2300C.

________________________________________________________________________
Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
- 14 -

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Nhit in tr vi k thut mng

mng
Cu trc cm bin gm mt lp
mng mng (platin) t trn nn
ceramic hoc thy tinh. Tia lazer
c s dng chun ha gi tr
in tr ca nhit in tr.

Hnh 1.8: Cu trc nhit in tr kim

loi dng mng mng (v ceramic)

II: MT S LOI CM BIN

2.1 IC CM BIN NHIT
Nhiu cng ty trn th gii ch to IC bn dn o v hiu chnh
nhit . IC cm bin nhit l mch tch hp nhn tn hiu nhit chuyn
thnh tn hiu di dng in p hoc tn hiu dng in. Da vo cc c
tnh rt nhy cm ca cc bn dn vi nhit , to ra in p hoc dng in
t l thun vi nhit tuyt i C, F, K hay ty loi. o tn hiu in ta bit
c nhit cn o. Tm o nhit gii hn t -550C n 1500C, chnh
xc t 10C n 20C ty theo tng loi.
S tch cc ca nhit s to ra in tch t do v cc l trng trong
cht bn dn bng s ph v cc phn t, bt cc electron thanh dng t do di
chuyn qua cc vng cu trc mng tinh th, to s xut hin cc l trng
nhit lm cho t l in t t do v cc l trng tng ln theo qui lut hm s
m vi nhit . Kt qu ca hin tng ny l di mc in p thun, dng
thun ca mi ni p n trong diode hay transistor s tng theo hm s m
theo nhit .
Trong mch t hp, cm bin nhit thng l in p ca lp chuyn
tip pn trong mt transitor loi bipolar. Texinstruments c STP 35 A/B/C;
National Semiconductor LM 35/4.5/50

2.1.1 Cm bin nhit LM 35/ 34 ca National Semiconductor

Hu ht cc cm bin nhit ph bin u kh s dng. Chng hn cp
nhit ngu c mc ng ra thp v yu cu b nhit, thermistor th khng
tuyn tnh. Thm vo ng ra ca cc loi cm bin ny khng tuyn tnh
________________________________________________________________________
Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
- 15 -

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tng ng vi bt k thang chia nhit no. Cc khi cm bin tch hp

c ch to khc phc c nhng nhc im . Nhng ng ra ca chng
quan h vi thang chia Kelvin hn l Celsius v Fahrenheit.
Loi LM35: Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensor.
Vi loi LM35 ta c in p ng ra t l trc tip vi thang nhit
Celsius (thang bch phn). Nh th mt mch in b tr im zero ca
thang Kelvin (thang nhit tuyt i) khng cn cn thit nh mt s IC
cm bin nhit khc.
c im:
in p hot ng: VS= 4V ti 30V
in p ng ra tuyn tnh: 10mV/0C
Thang o: -550C n1500C vi LM 35/35A,
-400C n1100C vi LM 35C/35CA
00C n1000C vi LM 35D
S t nung nng rt nh: 0,08 0C (trong mi trng khng kh)
Mc khng tuyn tnh ch 1/40C
Cch kt ni
Thang o:+20C n1500C
VS= 4V ti 30V

Hnh 1.20
Thang o: -550C n1500C
R1 = VS/50 A
VS= 4V ti 30V
VOUT= 1500 mV ti +1500C
= +250 mV ti +250C
= -550 mV ti -550C
Hnh 1.21

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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
- 16 -

Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
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Loi LM 34
LM 34 ging nh LM 35 nhng c thit k cho thang o Fahrenheit
t -50 n +300 0F, chnh xc 0,40F.
LM 34 c ng ra 10mV/0F.
in p hot ng: 5 ti 20 V DC.
Tr khng ng ra LM34 thp v c im ng ra tuyn tnh lm cho gi
tr c ra hay iu khin mch in d dng.
2.1.2 Cm bin nhit AD 590 ca Analog Devices
Cm bin AD 590 (Analog Devices) c thit k lm cm bin nhit c
tng tr ng ra kh ln (10 M ). Vi mch c cn bng bi nh sn
xut, khin cho dng mA ra tng ng vi chun nhit tuyt i K. in
p lm vic cng nh cng tt trnh hin tng t gia nhit. Khi cp in
p thay i, dng in thay i rt t.
Thang o: -550C ti 1500C
in p hot ng: 4 ti 30 VDC
Dng in ra t l: 1 A/0K

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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
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Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
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Mch Cm Bin Nhit iu Khin Qut Tn Nhit 12V

I Linh kin chnh s dng trong mch :
1. Cm bin nhit LM35dz
- LM35 chnh xc cao, tnh nng cm bin nhit rt nhy, nhit
25 oC n c sai s khng qu 1%. Vi tm o t 0 oC - 128 oC, tn hiu ng
ra tuyn tnh lin tc vi nhng thay i ca tn hiu ng vo.
- Thng s k thut :
Tiu tn cng sut thp.
Dng lm vic t 400A 5mA.
Dng ngc 15mA.
Dng thun 10mA.
chnh xc: khi lm vic nhit 25oC vi dng lm vic 1mA th
in
o
- LM35 c bin thin theo nhit : 10mV / 1 C.
- in p ng ra t 0V 1.28V.
.

Di nhit v s thay i tr khng theo nhit ca LM35

Cc b bin i (Transducer) chuyn i cc i lng vt l v d nh
nhit , cng nh sng, lu tc v tc thnh cc tn hiu in ph
thuc vo b bin i m u ra c th l tn hiu dng in p, dng, tr
khng hay dung khng. V d, nhit c bin i thnh v cc tn hiu
in s dng mt b bin i gi l Thermistor (b cm bin nhit), mt b
cm bin nhit p ng s thay i nhit bng cch thay i tr khng
nhng p ng ca
n khng tuyn tnh.

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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
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Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
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Bng 3.1: Tr khng ca b cm bin nhit theo nhit .

Nhit (0C)
Tr khng ca cm bin (k)
0
29.490
25
10.000
50
3.893
75
1.700
100
0.817
Bng 3.2: Hng dn chn lot cc cm bin nhit h LM35.
M sn phm
Di nhit
chnh xc
u ra
LM35A
-55 C to + 150 C + 1.0 C
10 mV/F
LM35
-55 C to + 150 C + 1.5 C
10 mV/F
LM35CA
-40 C to + 110 C + 1.0 C
10 mV/F
LM35C
-40 C to + 110 C + 1.5 C
10 mV/F
LM35D
0 C to + 100 C
+ 2.0 C
10 mV/F
2. LM358

- Lm358 bao gm b khuych i thut ton hot ng c lp

- B th nht : chn vo 2 , 3 , chn ra 1.
- B th hai : chn vo 5,6 , chn ra 7.
Trong mch s dng Lm358 vi vai tr so snh in p.

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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
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Cm Bin Nhit
Khoa CNKT in T
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II

S nguyn l

Mch iu khin ng m qut tn nhit 12V s dng cm bin nhit

LM35 theo di nhit .

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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
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Khoa CNKT in T
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Nhit c theo di v biu th thng qua 3 cp bng 3 led xanh , vng

.
Lm358 c nhim v so snh in p chn s 6 v chn 2 vi in p u
ra ca cm bin nhit Lm35.
Chn s 7 ca Lm358 s mc cao khi in p Vout ca Lm35 > in p
chn s 6 ca Lm368 , v s mc thp nu V out ca Lm358 < Vchn 6 .
Chn s 1 ca Lm358 s mc cao khi in p Vout ca Lm35 > in p
chn s 3 ca Lm368 , v s mc thp nu V out ca Lm358 < Vchn 2
Led xanh s sng khi nhit nh hn 60oC .
Led vng s sng khi nhit ln hn 60oC v nh hn 70oC.
Led s sng khi nhit vt qu 70oC .
Ti thi im nhit vt ngng ny c th kch hot r le ngng
cung cp in hoc cung cp in cho thit b bo v (qut tn nhit...).
Ta c th ty chnh cc mc nhit ty theo yu cu.

III. S mch in .

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Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Dng Trn Hu Nam
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