Evaluation of radiological properties of Selenium-75 radiography source

by Yadav, R.K.; Biju, K.; Kannan, R.; Rajoo Kumar; Sharma, A. (Radiological Physics and Advisory
Division, CT and CRS Building, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai (India))
fromProceedings of NAARRI international conference on applications of radioisotopes and radiation
technology in the 21st century
Abstract
[en]
Selenium-75 is a new industrial gamma radiography source gradually becoming popular
worldwide, because it gives better sensitivity for radiography of low thickness materials compared
to 192Ir source, which is currently used. 75Se has wide spectrum of energy from varying from 9-400
keV. However, accurate information about its radiological properties viz. exposure rate, average
energy, attenuation properties through various material are not available to date. An effort has
been made in this paper to evaluate the above parameters of 75Se source using numerical
calculations and Monte Carlo calculations. These calculated values would help the users in
determining exposure time as well as for various radiological protection applications. This paper
also discusses the merits and demerits of 75Se as a radiography source. (author)
SubjectISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES (S07)
Source/ReportRamamoorthy, N. (ed.) (Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Mumbai
(India)); Ananthakrishnan, M. (ed.) (Radiopharmaceuticals Div., Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre, Mumbai (India)); Nandakumar, A.N. (ed.) (Radiological Safety Div., Atomic
Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai (India)); National Association for Applications of Radioisotopes
and Radiation in Industry, Mumbai (India); 613 p; Dec 2001; p. 580-584; NIC-2001: NAARRI
international conference on applications of radioisotopes and radiation technology in the 21st
century; Mumbai (India); 12-14 Dec 2001; 3 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Record TypeBook
Country/Org.India
LanguageEnglish
Ref. Number33053699
Rel. Record33053588
Publ. Year2001
INIS Volume33
INIS Issue44

Development of gamma exposure chart (Selenium-75) for Industrial

Radiography Application
472 KB -

http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/44/122/44122633.p
df - Text Version
by Sapizah Rahim; Shaharudin Sayuti; Noorhazleena Azaman (Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi,
Kajang, Selangor (Malaysia), Industrial Technology Div.)
Abstract
[en]
Radiographic exposure can be determined by either trial exposure, reference to previous data or
using exposure chart. Without previous data, exposure chart is the easiest and economic way to
achieve correct exposure. It will minimize re-shoot and time. This paper presents the development
of gamma exposure chart for Selenium-75 source. Film radiography method has been chosen for
this development using steel step wedge blocks. Agfa Structurix D7 films have been used during
the exposure and the optical density of the films was measured by using X-Rite densitometer.
Method of development of the chart is explained. The chart is tested on pipe and welded plate test
sample and the results are discussed. (author)
SubjectINSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (S46)
Source/Report2011; 8 p; NTC 2011: Nuclear Technical Convention 2011; Bangi (Malaysia); 13-15
Sep 2011; INIS-MY--2013-110; . Also available in Malaysian Nuclear Agency Document Delivery

Pgina|1


Center; Oral presentation
Record TypeMiscellaneous
Country/Org.Malaysia
LanguageEnglish
Ref. Number44122633
Publ. Year2011
INIS Volume44
INIS Issue49

Suitable scope of applicability of Se-75 sources in industrial radiography

by Thiele, H. (SGS F.H. Gottfeld, Herne (Germany)); Hecht, A. (BASF, Ludwigshafen am Rhein
(Germany)); Steinhoff, U. (BASF, Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Germany))
fromAnnual meeting 1995. Non-destructive materials testing. 100 years of Roentgen radiation and
current various applications of non-destructive testing. Vol. 1. Papers
Abstract
[en]
Se 75 is a novel, recent radiation source offering an energy spectrum somewhere between that of
the sources Yb 169 and Ir 192. The paper reports experimental series performed in order to
better characterize the novel source in the scheme of all available radiation sources, so as to
obtain more information on its applicability. The experiments examined the scatter ratio, contrast,
and image quality as a function of the wall thickness of the test object, data obtained
subsequently compared with that of existing other sources. The internal blur was determined by
means of platinum wire twin fillets. The results indicate a reference energy limit for better
comparison of the radiographic efficiency of this radiation source with the bremsstrahlung
spectrum of X-ray sources. The impact of screen thickness of lead screens and of the film type
was examined in the lower wall thickness range up to 15 mm. A comparison of required controlled
areas during measurement of a typical pipe system in industrial installations revealed the
particular advantages of the novel radiation source for inspection work in installations of the
chemical industry and in petroleum refineries. Economic aspects in comparison with costs of the Ir
192 source are given. (orig.)
[de]
Mit Se 75 steht seit kurzer Zeit eine neue Strahlenquelle zur Verfuegung, die mit ihrem
Energiespektrum zwischen Yb 169 und Ir 192 liegt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ueber
Versuchsreihen berichtet, die durchgefuehrt wurden, um diese neue Strahlenquelle in das
Spektrum der bisher verwendeten Strahlenquellen besser einordnen zu koennen und um mehr
Informationen ueber den geeigneten Anwendungsbereich dieser Strahlenquelle zu erhalten. Hierzu
wurden das Streuverhaeltnis, der Kontrast und die Bildguete in Abhaengigkeit von der
durchstrahlten Wanddicke ermittelt und mit den anderen bisher verwendeten Strahlenquellen
verglichen. Die innere Unschaerfe wurde mit Hilfe von Platin-Doppeldrahtstegen ermittelt.
Aufgrund der vorliegenden Ergebnisse kann auf eine Vergleichsgrenzenergie geschlossen werden,
um die radiographische Wirksamkeit dieser Strahlenquelle besser mit den Bremsspektren von
Roentgenanlagen vergleichen zu koennen. Der Einfluss der Foliendicke bei Bleifolien und des
Filmtyps wurde im unteren Wanddickenbereich bis zu 15 mm untersucht. Auf einer Betrachtung
zum Kontrollbereich bei einer typischen Rohrabmessung des Anlagenbaus ergeben sich die
besonderen Vorteile bei der Anwendung dieser Strahlenquelle in Chemie- und Raffinerieanlagen.
Wirtschaftliche Gesichtspunkte folgen aus der Betrachtung der Strahlerkosten im Vergleich zu Ir
192-Strahlern. (orig.)
Orig. TitleGeeigneter Anwendungsbereich fuer Se 75 in der Durchstrahlungspruefung
SubjectISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES (D2200)
Source/ReportDeutsche Gesellschaft fuer Zerstoerungsfreie Pruefung e.V., Berlin (Germany);
Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Zerstoerungsfreie Pruefung. Berichtsband; v. 47.1; 446 p; ISBN 3931381-00-5; 1995; p. 263-271; Annual meeting of Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Zerstoerungsfreie
Pruefung e.V. (DGZfP): Non-destructive materials testing - 100 years of roentgen rays and current
various applications of non-destructive testing; Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer
Zerstoerungsfreie Pruefung e.V. (DGZfP): Zerstoerungsfreie Materialpruefung - 100 Jahre
Roentgenstrahlen und die heutige Vielfalt Industrieller ZfP-Praxis; Aachen (Germany); 22-24 May

Pgina|2


1995; Available from FIZ Karlsruhe
Record TypeMiscellaneous
Country/Org.Germany
LanguageGerman
Ref. Number27047751
Rel. Record27047932
Publ. Year1995
INIS Volume27
INIS Issue14

Industrial gamma radiography: recent developments towards improved

quality and safety
by Grimm, Rudiger (Isotopen-Technik Gr. Sauerwein GmbH (United Kingdom))
fromNuclear technology: katulong sa pag-unlad ng masa [support for the progress of the masses]
Abstract
[en]
Gamma radiography has been one of the most important NDT techniques for more than 40 years.
The success has been based on the wide range of applications, unambiguous results, as well as
easy to operate and unexpensive equipment, which can be used under almost all environmental
conditions. Most recently improved levels of quality and safety have been reached by new
equipment designs as well as from the availability of a new isotope -Se-75. Various national and
international standards define requirements of gammagraphic apparatus to ensure safe and
reliable operation and minimize potential hazards for the operator and the environment by faulty
operation. This especially includes self-controlling safety functions as well as monitoring and clear
display of safe/unsafe conditions. Lately, the ISO DIS 3999 (1998) has successfully passed voting
of the international community involved in the evaluation of this ISO standard. The gammagraphic
apparatus' GAMMAMAT TSI for Ir-192 and GAMMA-MAT SE for Se-75 are in full compliance to the
latest versions of the national standards and also the ISO DIS 3999 (1998). In addition to their
unparalleled reliability and longest operational life the equipment design includes low level of
leakage radiation, real source position control, safe/unsafe display and automatic source locking.
The isotope Se-75 is offering low radiation energies, which result in high radiographic contrast and
resolution for improved flaw detectability. Sources of activity up to 3 TBq/80 Ci are available and
most commonly used. The physical parameters of the isotope offer many other practical
advantages. The half-life of 120 days results in 60% more useful lifetime over an Ir-192 source.
The low radiation energies allow a special designed container of incredibly low 7 kg total weight.
Radiation protection during NDT work can be achieved much more easily and radiation controlled
areas can be much smaller. (Author)
SubjectENGINEERING (E1700), ISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES (D2200)
Source/ReportRadioisotope Society of the Philippines, Inc., Quezon City (Philippines); [24 p.];
1999; p. 12-13; 39. annual convention of the Radioisotope Society of the Philippines; Clark Field,
Pampanga (Philippines); 5 Mar 1999; Also available from PNRI library
Record TypeBook
Country/Org.Philippines
LanguageEnglish
Ref. Number30051338
Rel. Record30051335
Publ. Year1999
INIS Volume30
INIS Issue45

Development of radiographic testing technology using radioisotope, Se-75

by Lee, Sungsik; Cho, Daegwan (Korea Inspection and Engineering Co., Ltd., Seoul (Korea,
Republic of)); Cho, Ungap; Han, Hyunsoo (Korea Atomic Energy Institute, Daejeon (Korea,
Republic of))

Pgina|3


fromProceedings of the 17th KAIF/KNS Annual Conference
Abstract
[en]
When the radioisotope, Se-75 is used as a radiation source in radiographic testing, the exposure
time, the exposure dose-rate and the contrast are theoretically and experimentally considered
comparing with them of Ir-192. The exposure time to obtain the same film density is increased to
1.0 1.6 times with increment of thickness of carbon steel. However, the exposure dose-rate by
Se-75 is decreased to 0.44 0.60 times. Finally it is also found that the contrast on the developed
film is enhanced up to 30 mm of carbon steel by using the Se-75. Therefore it is concluded that it
will be more effective radiation source to inspect precisely weld points of steel structures as well
as to decrease the absorbed dose of RT workers in field
SubjectISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES (S07), ENGINEERING (S42)
Source/ReportKorea Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc., Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Korean Nuclear
Society, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); 618 p; Apr 2002; p. 205-212; 17. KAIF/KNS Annual
Conference; Seoul (Korea, Republic of); 17-19 Apr 2002; Available from KAIF, Seoul (KR)
Record TypeMiscellaneous
Country/Org.Korea, Republic of
LanguageEnglish
Ref. Number44064767
Rel. Record44064744
Publ. Year2002
INIS Volume44
INIS Issue26

Gamma radiography with

75

Se sources: Consequences of a violent fire

by Ballaux, C.; AV Controlatom, Brussels (Belgium)

Abstract
[en]
Due to the volatile nature of selenium and selenium dioxide, an important atmospheric dispersion
of 75Se can occur in case of a violent fire (>800 C). This type of accident is possible when
transporting or using a highly active 75Se source for gamma radiography. The consequences of this
dispersion are analyzed. From the point of view of radiological protection, it can be concluded that
in radiography the unprotected 75Se sealed sources have to resist for 1 h to a temperature of
1,200 C. If this is not the case, x-ray equipment and 192Ir sources have to be preferred above
75
Se sources
SubjectISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES (S07)
Source/ReportHealth Physics; v. 78(3); ISSN 0017-9078; CODEN HLTPAO; Mar 2000; p. 311-315
Record TypeJournal article
Country/Org.United States
LanguageEnglish
Ref. Number31026093
Publ. Year2000
INIS Volume31
INIS Issue22

Which technologies to replace gamma radiography?

by Zani-Demange, M.L.; Chauveau, D.
Collapse
[en]
Gamma radiography with iridium source is largely used in the industrial sector for the control of
welds, tubes and pressure vessels as well as for monitoring corrosion. Hazards due to the handling
of ionizing radiation sources (Ir192) and constraints due to a more and more demanding
regulations call for alternative methods. The French 'Institut de soudure' has led a 4-year long
study (Alter-X project) and has identified 3 alternative methods for the iridium gamma
radiography: -) the TOFD (Time Of Flight Diffraction) which is based on the analysis of the
diffraction of ultrasound waves on the edges of defects; -) phased array ultrasound which is based
on a series of elementary sensors that can be handled in an individual manner by specific

Pgina|4


electronics, the sweeping is no more manual but electronic and enables the operator to localize
and size defects deep under the surface; -) digit radiography that is a common radiography in
which the film is replaced by a re-usable phosphorus screen that is more sensitive and can be
easily digitalized and has no need for a chemical treatment to be read. Digit radiography used with
Se75 (another gamma emitter) gives comparable or even better results than with Ir192 but with a
dose rate cut by half at least. (A.C.)
Orig. TitleQuelles methodes pour remplacer la gammagraphie?
SubjectISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES (S07), RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY
(S61)
Source/ReportMesures (1983); (no.847); ISSN 0755-219X; CODEN MSRSET; Sep 2012; p. 42-45
Record TypeJournal article
Country/Org.France
LanguageFrench
Ref. Number44026511
Publ. Year2012
INIS Volume44
INIS Issue10

Present status and future trend of radiography using -ray and research
and development in Japan and overseas
by Ooka, Norikazu (Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Oarai, Ibaraki (Japan). Oarai Research
Establishment)
Abstract
[en]
Iridium 192 (192Ir) and cobalt 60 (60Co) have been most frequently used as the source of -ray
radiography. Since the -rays obtainable from these sources have comparatively high energy,
these sources are not available for radiography using a steel plate thinner than 10 mm. Thus,
considerable attentions from domestic and oversea researchers have been attracted into low
energy sources such as 169Yb, 170Tm, 75Se, etc. Since the thickness of steel plate applicable to
radiography is 2-15 mm for 169Yb, whereas it is 12-60 mm for 192Ir and 50-150 mm for 60Co, the
use of 169Yb has become almost possible in the ordinary radiography. However, this source has
some demerits including shortness of halflife. On the other hand, 75Se has been paid much
attention as a promising low-energy source in other countries and its development has been
progressing toward practical use. (M.N.)
SubjectISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES (D2200)
Source/ReportHihakai Kensa; v. 46(11); ISSN 0367-5866; CODEN HIHKAU; Nov 1997; p. 784787
Record TypeJournal article
Country/Org.Japan
LanguageJapanese
Ref. Number29025882
Publ. Year1997
INIS Volume29
INIS Issue16

Pgina|5