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MATERIAL BALANCE
Chemical Processing
Chemical Processing #2
SYSTEMS
Systems
OPEN or CLOSED
Any arbitrary portion of or a whole process that you
want to consider for analysis
Reactor, the cell, mitochondria, human body, section of
a pipe
Importance of system bounderies
Closed System
Material neither enters nor leaves the system
Changes can take place inside the system
Open System
Material can enter through the boundaries
ALAT
Finput
Foutput
sistem
Finput
Foutput
sistem
PABRIK KIMIA
recycle
Finput
feed
preparation
reactor
separation
purification
Foutput
Finput
sistem
Foutput
Foutput
Foutput
Neraca Massa
(Mass Balance)
Dasar dari neraca material (neraca massa) adalah hukum
kekekalan massa (law of conservation of mass). Konsep
ini sangat diperlukan oleh seorang chemical engineer untuk
melakukan evaluasi suatu proses dalam pabrik kimia.
Berapa banyak bahan baku yang dibutuhkan?
Berapa banyak produk yang terbentuk?
Berapa banyak emisi gas, limbah cair, dan
limbah padat yang terbentuk?
Klasifikasi Proses
I. Berdasarkan bagaimana suatu proses bervariasi
terhadap waktu.
a. Steady-state process (proses ajeg) adalah suatu
proses yg tidak berubah dengan berubahnya waktu.
Setiap kali kita melakukan tinjauan, semua variabel
mempunyai harga yg sama seperti ketika pertama kali
kita tinjau.
b. Unsteady-state (Transient) process adalah suatu
proses yg berubah dengan berubahnya waktu. Setiap
kali kita melakukan tinjauan, variabel-variabel tersebut
mempunyai harga yg berbeda dengan ketika pertama
kali kita tinjau.
Finput
sistem
Foutput
INPUT - OUTPUT = 0
unsteady
steady
input = output
akumulasi=0
V
t
pemasukan
proses
batch
Finput
t= V/Fv
kontinyu
V
Foutput
pengeluaran
Chemical Processing #4
Continuous process
Input
Accumulation
Output
Material balance
Mass conservation law,
Total mass is conserved, cannot be created nor
destroyed
In this case, conversion of mass to energy
(nuclear reaction) is not present or ignored.
Material balance #2
Total mass balance
Total Mass
Accumulation
Continuous process
Rate of mass input Rate of mass output
= Rate of mass accumulation
Steady state Rate of accumulation = 0
Un-steady state Rate of accumulation 0
Problem 1
Into a container sit on a scale, three different
continuous streams are delivered. The first
stream is 120 lbm/hour, the second 100
lbm/hour and the third 90 lbm/hour. At what
steady mass stream is withdrawn to keep the
scale reading from changing?
Problem 2
Two stream of similar liquid mixtures enter the center of
a distillation column. The column separate the combined
mixture into several components of different volatilities
(and different densities) which leave the column at the
top (product stream 1), middle (product stream 2) and
bottom (product stream 3). Given the following data,
what is the density of product stream 2?
Stream
Mass flow
(kg/hr)
Volumetric
flowrate
(m3/hr)
Density
(kg/m3)
Feed 1
260000
Feed 2
283
935
Prod 1
157
721
Prod 2
235
Prod 3
208000
Problem 3
Feed water is fed to a large steady-state boiler. Most of
the water leaves the boiler as high-pressure steam, with a
smaller amount of hot residual water discharged to
waste. The density and flowrate of the stream are as
follows:
Stream
Density (kg/m3)
Volumetric flowrate
(m3/min)
Feed water
1000
28
960
6.5
High-pressure steam
3.7
Component i
Input
Component i
Accumulation
Component i
Output
Continuous process
Rate of mass A input Rate of mass A output
= Rate of mass A accumulation
Steady state Rate of accumulation = 0
Un-steady state Rate of accumulation 0
Problem
Separation of benzene and toluene
A mixture of benzene and toluene containing
50% (w/w) benzene is separated by a distillation
column into two fraction. If 90% of the benzene
is recovered in the top product with a purity of
95% (w/w), please determine concentration of
toluene in the bottom product.
Problem
Methanol water mixture
Two methanol-water mixtures are contained in
separated flasks. The first mixture contains 40
wt% methanol, the second contains 70 wt%
methanol. If 200 g of the first mixture is
combined with 150 g of the second, what are
the mass and composition of the product?