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BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
GREEN ROOFS
BIOCLIMATICARCHITECTUREinassociationwithLandscaping
VERTICAL GARDENS
Bioclimaticisasectorofarchitecturethatdominatedbytheprinciplesofecologyandsustainability.Theterm"bioclimatic
design"impliesdesignwhichaimstoprotecttheenvironmentandnaturalresources.Theaimofbioclimaticarchitectureisto
IRRIGATION NETWORKS
create urban areas and buildings that are designed in order to fully cover their energy requirements without induce
environmentaldamage.
ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS
Keyelementsofbioclimaticbuildingdesignarepassivesystems,whicharethecomponentsofabuilding.Passivesystems
SPORT FIELDS
operatewithoutmechanicalpartsoradditionalpowersupplyandnaturallywarmandcoolbuildings.Theyaredividedinto
threecategories:
Passivesolarheatingsystems
Passivenaturalcoolingtechniquesand
Systemsanddaylightingtechniques
Therelationbetweenbioclimaticarchitectureandlandscapearchitecture
LANDSCAPE CREATIONS
Location
Proper design of the site and the building permits utilization of solar radiation during the cold season and protect the
buildingfromoverheatingbythesunduringthehotseason.Thesuitablelocationofthebuildingconstructiondependson
theclimate,thedirectionofthewinds,thepresenceoftreesorotherlandscapingfeatures,usesandtheinternallayoutof
thebuilding.
Reflectivity
In designing the exposed surface soil near the building, should take special care to avoid the use of highreflectivity
materials(cementslabs,asphalt,etc.)andtoprefervegetationwithgrassorothergroundcoverplantspecieswhichabsorb
asignificantproportionofincidentsolarradiationandheat.
Orientation
In Mediterranean summer, at the afternoon, the sun is still warm. The west side of a building can be made with small
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openings,beblindorbeprotectedbyappropriateshading(deciduoustrees,awnings,planthedges,etc.).Thechoiceof
plantspecies,thesizeatmaturity,thewayofpruningandtheexactsittingofsolarlighttrajectoryisimportantforeffective
protection.
Evergreenvegetationlayoutcanbedesigned,withapreferencefortreeswithdensefoliageincombinationwithdeciduous
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trees,inordertodirectwinterwindsoutofthebuildingwhileachievingcoolinginsummer.
Windbreaks
Besidesstructuralmaterials,planthedgescanbeusedtocontrolairflow.Shrubs,trees,andthecombinationoffenceswith
othermaterialscanbeusedaswindbreaks,creatingzonesofrelativecalmontheleewardside.Theopenbarriers,suchas
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BIOCLIMATICARCHITECTURE
trees and shrubs provide maximum reduction of wind speed in ratio of their height. The size and shape of the barrier
significantlyaffecttheeffectivenessofprotection.Thethinnertheelementofprotectionisthegreatertheprotectedzonewill
beontheleewardside.Akeyelementoftheobstaclesisthedensity.Fullwindbreaksprovideanareaofcalm,butonlyvery
close to them, due to the fact that after the obstacle, the wind quickly regains its characteristics. Open windbreaks that
consistoftreesandshrubsarecrossingapartofthewind,whichreducesturbulenceandcreateabroaderzoneofcalm.
Analyzes,usingsimulationprograms,givecertainfeatureswindbreakforbestresultsbothintermsofpercentagereduction
inwindandlengthofaprotectedarea.
Greenroofs
Bythetermgreenroofismeantaloftthathasbeenconvertedintoagarden,whichisgrownincontrolledconditionswith
environmental,energyandeconomicbenefits.
Byimplementingagreenroofontheroofofabuildingreducessignificantlythecostofheatingthebuilding,becausethe
multi layered stratification reduces heat loss, depending on its thickness. Vegetation as well, acts as extra insulation
dependingonthecoverageanddensityoffoliage.
Simultaneouslyreducescoolingcostsbysavingenergy,asthetemperatureinsidethebuildingduringthesummermonths,
maybekeptupto1015degreesbelowtheoutside.
Implementing green roofs at the urban web, improves the balance of the ecosystem within cities, creating an excellent
microclimateandabsorbsalargeamountofdustandpollutants.Throughphotosynthesis,plantsproducemoreoxygenin
theatmosphereandreducecarbondioxide.Inthisway,thewiderecosystemenhancesbyhelpingreducethe"Heatisland"
phenomenonandthe"Greenhouseeffect".
Some additional benefits of green roofs are the relief of the sewerage network, the protection of the insulation from
mechanicalstressesandtemperaturechanges,theaestheticimprovement,theincreaseoffunctionalareas,thepossibility
offarmingintotheurbanweb,theimprovedqualityoflifeandtheprotectionoftheecosystem.
Shades
Bytheproperdesignandlocationofapergolaorothershadingsystemswithautomation,canbeachievedtheprotectionof
thebuildingfromoverheatingduringthesummer.
Thechoiceofbioclimaticdesignforthebuildinganditssurroundingscanlikelyincreasethetotalconstructioncost,butthat
canbedepreciatedbythelimiteduseofunitsofconventionalheatingandairconditioningunits.Furthermore,theindicators
offertilityandlivingstandardswillbeoptimized.
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