STUDY MATERIAL

WARTEX

Our best wishes to you, the reader. Because if not for you we, the
Technocrats, would have gone unnoticed.

THE WORLD WE BELONG TO

Its a strange place, really. Consisting of the most diverse ideas and beliefs and practices. We ought to
learn about it out of duty at least, if not interest.
Now, one of the most striking features of any country is their flags, isnt it? Lets look at some of them:

Flag of Turkey

Flag of Papua New Guinea

Flag of Mexico

Flag of USA

Flag of Russia

Flag of India

(On second thought, did you seriously not know Indias flag?)

Next on the line is the currency, and the capital. It is seriously important to know about such things
from the perspective of a truly aware citizen (which we truly hope you are).

CAPITALS:

Russia: Moscow

USA: Washington D.C.

Jamaica: Kingston

India: New Delhi

Sri Lanka: Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte

Kenya: Nairobi

Australia: Canberra

Pakistan: Islamabad

Islamabad, Pakistan

CURRENCY:

India: Indian Rupee

Pakistan: Pakistani Rupee

Indonesia: Indonesian Rupiah

USA: US Dollar

Poland: Polish Zloty

Japan: Japanese Yen

China: Renminbi

England: Pound Sterling

Indonesian Rupiah

Nairobi, Kenya

Pound Sterling

Renminbi

MISCELLANEOUS FACTS:
Well a country is full of facts. Full of them. Lets look at some of them, shall we?
GDP, or Gross Domestic Product, is the broadest quantitative
measure of a nations total economic activity. Or we can simply
put it like this: GDP tells us whether a county is rich or poor
(Disclaimer: this is a very loose translation, which is obviously not
the correct way of interpreting it. Readers discretion is advised)
USA has the highest GDP at $17,348,075 million
India ranks ninth at $2,051,228 million.
Tuvalu has the lowest GDP at $38 million.

India. We sincerely hope you know about this country. YOUR country.
To your right is the pre partition map of India. Can you
compare it with the current Indian map!
India has undergone a lot of changes in its map, national
as well as internal.

Here are some of the changes we Indians witnessed:

Punjab province split into east and west Punjab.

Madras State (and later Mysore) split into Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and
Orissa.

Bombay state split into Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal State merged into Madhya Pradesh.

Andhra Pradesh state divided into two separate states- Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.

Okay now, enough about the world. Lets now learn about the various companies that run it well, in a
broader sense of course.

GOOGLE
Well, let us face it. No such list is complete without this giant of a
company. So let us just throw it in there at the start. So here it is:
Type
Industry

Subsidiary

Founded
Founders

Internet
Computer software

So, to the left is a basic layout of what this

company is all about.

September 4, 1998; 17 years ago

Menlo Park, California[1][2]

We will consider that you have gone

through it, and continue.

Larry Page
Sergey Brin

Headquarters

Googleplex, Mountain
View,California, U.S.

Area served

Worldwide

Key people

Sundar Pichai (CEO)

Number of
employees

57,100 (Approximately so)

Parent

Independent (19982015)
Alphabet Inc. (2015present)

Slogan

Don't be evil

Website

www.google.com

Google Chrome

Gmail

So google not only is a huge company, but

it is also expanding at an astonishing rate
at one new company bought every week!
And google is not even an independent
company now!
It also has a lot of applications and software
under itself. Let us look at a fraction of
them:

Google Scholar

Google Panoramio

Also as an honorable mention, comes Alphabet Inc. This company owns Google. Enough said! And, apart
from that, it also has many other foci health centers, for example.

MICROSOFT
So, here is another big player in this world. (And by the way, our
school is now officially a Microsoft Associate Showcase School,
just in case you were wondering)
Type

Public

Industry

Computer software
Computer hardware
Consumer electronics
Digital distribution

Founded

April 4, 1975; 41 years ago

Albuquerque, New Mexico, United
States

Founders

Bill Gates
Paul Allen

Again, let us move on, assuming you have

gone through the table.

Headquarters

Microsoft Redmond campus,

Redmond, Washington, United
States

Area served

Worldwide

Microsoft is a huge company, owning a

vast array of stuff Search Engine (BING),
Gaming Consoles (XBOX), Web Portal
(MSN) and even Operating System
(WINDOWS).

Key people

John W. Thompson (Chairman)

Satya Nadella (CEO)
Bill Gates (Founder & Technology
advisor)
Brad Smith (President) [1]

So I guess we all know Microsoft as that

cool window that pops up at the time of
starting our PCs. Indeed, Windows OS is a
vastly popular product by Microsoft. Let us
look at some of the lesser known things
related to it, though:

Number of
employees

118,584 (March 2015)[3]

Website

www.microsoft.com

CODE NAMES
So Microsoft, and most other companies at that, have a practice of assigning code names to their
products. Here are some worth mentioning:

Windows 95: Chicago

Windows 98: Memphis
Windows 2000: Janus
Windows XP: Whistler
Windows Vista: Longhorn
Windows 7: Blackcomb
Windows 8: Midori
Windows 8.1: Blue
Windows 10: Threshold

FUN FACT:
What comes to your mind on hearing about Royal Water? I sure think it must be the tastiest tasteless liquid there is.
Well, Royal Water or Aqua Regia actually is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid, used to dissolve noble metals like
gold and platinum.
Now try drinking that, if you dare.

ANDROID
Now, we get it, alright? Google owns this company. But it does earn a separate mention, doesnt it? Its
Android, after all!

Just look at that!

(Contrary to popular belief, his real name is not Andy. It has no name,
actually, but people at google like calling him Bugdroid.)

Oh, and even if we somehow not consider this cute Mascot of Google, named android, it still earns a
mention due to the sheer popularity it has. In fact, it is the most popular OS for smartphones and tablets
by a long margin (sorry iOS)
Some facts about this company are:
Developer

Google

Open Handset Alliance

Working state

Current

Marketing target

Smartphones, tablets, computers ,TVs, cars and wearable devices

Available in

70 languages

Package manager Google Play, APK

Platforms

32- and 64-bit: ARM architectures, x86, x86-64,MIPS and MIPS64

Official website

www.android.com

Okay, so, even android has got code names for its stuff.

Marshmallow

6.0

Lollipop

5.1, 5.0

KitKat

4.4 - 4.4.4

Jelly Bean

4.1.x, 4.2.x, 4.3.x

Ice Cream Sandwich

4.0.1 - 4.0.2, 4.0.3 - 4.0.4

Honeycomb

3.0, 3.1, 3.2.x

Gingerbread

2.3 2.3.2, 2.3.3 - 2.3.7

Eclair

2.0, 2.0.1, 2.1

Donut

1.6

Cupcake

1.5

LENOVO
Well, this is not as big as the ones above, but that wont
stop us from putting it down here. So, here we go
Type

Public

Traded as

SEHK: 0992, OTC Pink:LNVGY

Industry

Computer hardware
Electronics

Founded

Beijing, China
(1984; 32 years ago)

Founder

Liu Chuanzhi

Headquarters

Haidian District, Beijing, China

Morrisville, North Carolina, United States

So, it is a firm that has been

gaining
worldwide
popularity quite steadily
over the past few years,
thanks to various factors.

Area served

Worldwide

Key people

Yang Yuanqing
(Chairman and CEO)

Products

Smartphones, desktops, servers, notebooks, tablet

computers, netbooks,peripherals, printers,televisions,
scanners, storage devices

Number of
employees

60,000 (2015)

Subsidiaries

Motorola Mobility

Oh, and not to forget it

has risen to a new level of
popularity in India mainly
because of the Flash Sales
we observed on Flipkart.
(Disclaimer:
Personal
opinion. Subject to change)

FUN FACT:

Innovation Never Stands Still

Slogan
Another successful
OS in the mobile world is iOS the operating system from Apple Inc. It began humbly the first app by
Apple being the App Store, launched in July 2008.
Website

www.lenovo.com

All we can say is look at it now! Giving fierce competition to Android!

COREL
Corel
Corporation (from
the
abbreviation
"Cowpland Research Laboratory")
is
a
Canadian software company headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, specializing in graphics processing. It is
known for producing software titles such as CorelDRAW, and for acquiringPaintShop Pro, Video
Studio andWordPerfect.
Type

Private

Industry

Software
Programming

Founded

1985; 31 years ago

Founder

Michael Cowpland

Headquarters

Ottawa, ON

Key people

James Baillie(Chairman)
Patrick Nichols (CEO)
Chris DeBiase (CFO)
Grace Pura (CLO)

Products

WordPerfect
CorelDRAW
WinZip
PaintShop Pro
WinDVD
Painter

Number of employees

< 500 (2015)

Website

corel.com

Well, this company might not be as wellknown as the others we have read about.
But trust me, it is still pretty important.

In fact, it is known for a very important

feature of our PCs the WinZip. WinZip
International LLC, which we all know as the
immensely useful shareware file archiver
and compressor, is a subsidiary of this
company, actually.

So, you see, not every company needs to be

extremely popular to be useful to us.

Sigh. Enough of these companies. Let us look at some random, interesting facts:

TAGLINES:
Taglines can be quite entertaining, to say the least. Let us look at some of them:
Nike: Just Do It
McDonalds: Im Lovin It
Lays: Betcha Cant Eat Just One
MasterCard: There are some things which money cant buy. For everything else, theres MasterCard.
Jabong: Be You!
Audi: Never Follow

ORIGINAL NAMES:
We all know famous companies and brands as of today. But, what about the time when they started?
Here are some names that give us an insight into that as well:
Google: BackRub
BlackBerry: Research in Motion
Sony: Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo
Nike: Blue Ribbon Sports
eBay: AuctionWeb
Subway: Petes Super Submarines
Firefox: Firebird
Yahoo: Jerrys Guide to the World Wide Web

MISCELLANEOUS:
Here are some random interesting facts:

The first tweet ever sent was just setting up my twttr.

16% of the searches Google gets each day have never been googled before!
The most expensive keyword for Google AdWords is insurance
We now spend more time browsing the web on mobile devices than desktop computers.
The first registered domain was symbolics.com
Amar Bose was the founder of Bose Corporation, a leading sound company specializing in audio
equipment.
The most played video game in the world is League of Legends, by Riot Games.
One of the first webmail services Hotmail, founded by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith once
boasted of more than 15 billion official documents being stored in its servers.
The country with the highest Internet speed is South Korea with an average of 26.7 mb/s. As a
comparison the world average is 5.6 mb/s. Here in India, the average is 2.5 mb/s, which is,
frankly, quite slow.