COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS OF

BRGY. 142, ZONE 12 DISTRICT,

Tondo, Manila
MANILA HEALTH DEPARTMENT
TRAINING OFFICE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Special thanks to the following for extending their gratitude:

Juan Posadas Health Center

Dr. Armie Vianzon
Nurses
Barangay Health Workers
Residents of Barangay 142

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
Rationale
Statement of Objectives
Methodology
Limitation of the Study
Setting of the Community
Population
Total Population of the Barangay
Total Population of Families Surveyed
Sex Ratio
Age & Sex Distribution
Pyramid Age Interval
Economic Indices
Dependency Ratio
Average Income
Occupation
Socio-Cultural Indices
Literacy Rate
Educational Attainment
Religion
Place of Origin
Population Movement
Housing
Ownership
Ventilation
Environmental Indices
Water Supply
Excreta Disposal
Garbage Disposal
Health Indices
Food Storage
Infant Feeding Practices
Immunization Status
Health Seeking Behavior
Source of Health Information
Leading Causes of Morbidity
Summary and Conclusion
Problems Identified
Suggestions & Recommendations
Action Plan

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INTRODUCTION
The Philippines is by far a developing country and considers a growing economy in Asia.
However, the country still poses a major dilemma in the aspect of health. Many Filipinos face
problems in seeking medical attention and utilizing the need of health care services for many
years. Though the country yields both public and private hospital, many still feel that the health
care services fail to reach out to residents within the community.
Ironically, the focus of health care system indulge closely who seek consult at a private
health care sector rather than those who have their health concerns to public hospital facility. The
healthcare system from the national level has to outstretch down to each barangay health centers
where accessibility within community must render. Thus, the importance of community health
must attain not just in the urban areas of the county but also within the rural community.
In this descriptive study, the goal is to conduct analysis on the demographic data of
residents in the community that affects the health of the family and each members. The study
will also elaborate on each factors such as age and sex distribution, population, educational
attainment, employment status, and common illness to depict the community they have in that
area.

RATIONALE
This study was taken to conduct the present socioeconomic, environmental and health
state of families living in Barangay 142, to identify problems that affect their quality of life as
well as to introduce programs that address the problems of the community.

STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES
General Objectives
To assess and diagnose the quality of health of 25 surveyed families in Barangay 142,
Zone 12 District 1 of Tondo, Manila.
Specific Objectives
1. To determine the present demographic data of the said barangay
2. To present the socioeconomic status, environmental and health state of residents of the
said barangay
3. To demonstrate the ten leading causes of morbidity of the said barangay in the last two
years
4. To present one cause of morbidity and develop a program to reduce its incidence
4

METHODOLOGY
House-to-house visit to 25 families of Barangay 142, Zone 12, Tondo, Manila was the
chosen community. Visit to the barangay was done with the assistance of the assigned health
worker. The residents were randomly selected and were interviewed with a survey form provided
by the Training Office. Data were collected and analyzed and correlated with the present health
status of the community.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study was assessed up to 25 families in Barangay 142, which was done solely on
survey forms used for interviews. Moreover, descriptive study was done which focuses only a
small fraction of the entire survey population.

I.

SETTING OF THE COMMUNITY

Barangay 142, Zone 12 is located along Banahaw street of corner Paulino street of Balut
Tondo. The area is accessible by a mostly tricycles, pedicabs and a small vehicle. The area is
commercialized with sari-sari store, drug store, eatery, private clinics and construction firm.
Nearest public school is T. Paez Integrated school which is along Rodriguez Street and
approximately 350 meters away from the barangay. Juan Posadas Health Center is the nearest
health care facility which is located within Paez school compound. The Sta. Krus Chapel is
situated at Pinoy Street which is 250 meters away while Private clinics for Dentist are just 200
meters away from the area.

SPOT MAP

Nepa St
Paulino St

Moderna St
Alabat St
San Pedro St
Banahaw St

Simeon De Jesus
Malaya St
St

Pedro Alfonso St
Ampioco St

Honorio Lopez
Blvd

Pahati St
Pinoy St

Younger St
Nava St

T. Paez Integrated
School

Rodriguez St

Legend:
Hospital
School
Health Center
Church
House

II.

POPULATION
6

II.1
Total Population of the Barangay: approximately 1,500
II.2
Total number of Families interviewed: 25
II.3
Sex Ratio:
Formula:
number of males
SR=
x 100
number of females
SR= 55 / 48 x 100 = 115
Barangay 142, District I Tondo, Manila has a total population of approximately one
thousand five hundred. Twenty-five families composing of 103 individuals were randomly
selected and interviewed. The sex ratio computed in this study is 115%, which means that there
are 115 males for every 100 females in the barangay.
II.4

Age and Sex Distribution

The Age sex ratio Distribution is important to provide information for the priority
programs in the community. As the majority of the Philippine population, young individuals are
greater in number compared to older individuals which depicts a typical picture that of most
developing countries like the Philippines.
The percentage distribution as to age of Barangay 142 composed mostly of the 20-39
year old age group.
Table 1. Age and sex distribution of the sample population of Barangay 142.

Age
<1
1-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60>
TOTAL

Male
3
13
9
6
0
3
10
7
3
0
0
0
0
0
54

%
6
24
17
11.1
0
6
18
12.9
5
0
0
0
0
0
100

Female
7
5
5
5
5
7
4
8
1
0
0
0
2
0
49

%
14.3
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
14.3
8.2
16.3
2
0
0
0
4.1
0
100

Total
10
18
14
11
5
10
14
15
4
0
0
0
2
0
103

%
9.7
17.5
13.6
10.7
4.8
9.7
13.6
14.6
3.9
0
0
0
1.9
0
100

Age & Sex distribution

TOTAL
60>
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
Female

35-39

Male

30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
1-4
<1

-60

-40

-20

20

40

60

While majority of the population belong to the middle-age group of age 20-39 years old,
it coincides to the overall age distribution mainly had a younger population and brings about the
reproductive age and the working force of the country. The graphical presentation shows that the
top of the pyramid has the lowest number on the population which is the old age group of 55
years old and above.
II.5

Civil Status

Table 2. Percentage distribution showing the civil status of individuals 15 years old & above of the sample
population of Barangay 142.

Civil Status
Single
Married
Live-in
Widow
TOTAL

f
6
14
28
2
50

%
12
28
56
4
100

To correlate with the results of the survey done at Brgy. 142, Zone 12, majority of the
population are living-in together (56%), which correlates that individuals impose no concern on
marriage although about 28% of the population are married.

III.

ECONOMIC INDICES
III.1
Dependency Ratio
DR = No. of population 0 14 y/o + 65 y/o & above x 100
Total No. of population 15 64 y/o
DR = 53 / 50 x 100 = 106

About 106% of the individuals surveyed are considered dependents. This shows that
individuals in the working class have to provide more than enough for their families.
III.2

Average Income

Table 3. Percentage distribution showing the average income of earning of individuals surveyed at Barangay
142.

Income/month
<5,000
5,000-9,999
10,000-14,999
15,000-19,999
20,000 & above
TOTAL

f
4
5
6
1
7
23

%
17
22.7
26
4.3
30
100

Based on the table shown, there are more individuals earning more than the daily wage
income. Though there is a poverty line in the area, the monthly income is still not enough
especially those who have many family members at home. As a result, other indices of quality of
life such as health, also suffers because the need to spend for it leads to any unexpected outcome.
III.3

Occupation

It is transparent that poverty in our county had been a constant

community. The unemployment rate is constantly increasing in number
attainment impose greater correlation as to applying a job. Unemployment
number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage and thus, in the
number of people working is attainable.

battle among the

since educational
rate measures the
said barangay, the

Table 4. Percentage distribution showing the occupation of earning individuals surveyed at Barangay 142.

Occupation
Construction worker
Tricycle driver
Truck driver
Office clerk
Call center agent
Junk shop retailer

f
2
4
1
3
3
1

%
9
17.5
4
13
13
4
9

Mall guard
Receptionist
Technician
Waiter
TOTAL

2
1
4
2
23

9
4
17.5
9
100

About 17.5% of the individuals are working as a tricycle driver and technician and
interestingly, working individuals have various jobs in the community. However, with a handful
have other jobs aside from the 2 jobs mentioned, it is noted that they still find ways to earn a
living.

IV.

SOCIO-CULTURAL INDICES
IV.1
Literacy Rate
LR = No. of population 8 yrs and above who can read and write x 100
Total no. of population 8 yrs and above
LR = 63 / 63 x 100 = 100

It is compelling that in Barangay 142, many individuals are considered literate. This
could be probably due to the fact that the residents are exposed to various media as well as
parents push their children to go to school.
IV.2

Educational Attainment

The educational attainment in the country has improved for the past years as excerpt from
the Philippine Statistics Authority. It also increased in the proportion of graduates of secondary
and tertiary level. According to the residents within the community, their perception of education
does not require a higher level of educational attainment for as long as one is able to read and
write.
Table 5. Percentage distribution showing the educational attainment individuals surveyed at Barangay 142.

Educational Attainment
No formal education
Elementary level
Elementary graduate
High School level
High School graduate
College level
College graduate
TOTAL

f
0
20
4
13
12
12
10
71

%
0
28
6
18
17
17
14
100
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It is concluded that about 28% of individuals were at elementary level while 13& were at
high school level. These percentages are significant because health education activities depend
largely on the ability of the individuals to understand the information given. A better figure on
educational attainment would also mean that a higher success rate in the implementation and
application of various health information given to them.
IV.3

Religion

Table 6. Percentage distribution showing the religion of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Religion
Roman catholic
Iglesia ni Cristo
Jehovahs Witness
TOTAL

f
101
1
1
103

%
98
1
1
100

Majority of the individuals of Barangay 142 practice in Roman Catholicism. This play a
role in the decision-making although health programs being disseminated to the residents are
acceptable to the Catholic Church, individuals may still have reservations embracing family
planning programs.
IV.4

Place of Origin

Table 7. Percentage distribution showing the place of origin of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Place of Origin
Luzon
Visayas
Mindanao
NCR
TOTAL

f
13
14
2
17
46

%
28
30
5
37
100

The place of origin of families correlates to the acceptance of health programs and
activities since many provinces practice superstitious beliefs. About 37% of the individuals are
from NCR and thus accept the practices of health programs in an urbanized area.
IV.5
Population Movement
a. Length of Stay in the area of families surveyed
Table 8. Percentage distribution showing the length of residency of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Length of Residency
<6 months

f
0

%
0
11

6 months 1 year
>1 year 5 years
>5 years 10 years
10 years and above
TOTAL

4
10
4
28
46

9
22
9
60
100

The length of stay in the area of families surveyed in Barangay 142 is important in the
parameter of healthcare provision especially those who tend to move out very often. Families
who stay permanently in the area are assured of continuity of health care by their health care
providers in the health center. Based on the table, 60% of individuals have lived more than 10
years in their present home.
IV.6
Housing
a. Types of Houses
Table 9. Percentage distribution showing the types of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Type of Housing
Makeshift
Light
Strong
Mixed
TOTAL

f
0
3
12
10
25

%
0
12
48
40
100

It is concluded that the type of housing affects the health condition of the individuals
living inside it. Houses that are light and makeshift are at greater risk and impose hazard in case
of fire. Individuals living in Barangay 142 have houses that are close to each other and about
48% of them uses a strong material for their house.
b. Ownership
Table 10. Percentage distribution showing housing ownership of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Ownership
Rent-free
Owned
Rented
TOTAL

f
0
17
8
25

%
0
68
32
100

Families whose houses are being rented tend to allocate more finances towards payment
for rental and thus, a struggle for health allocation as compare to those who owned their houses,
they have extra money for the provision of healthcare expenses like medication. For Barangay
142, most of them owned their house for many years.
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c. Ventilation
Table 11. Percentage distribution showing ventilation of houses of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Ventilation
Adequate
Inadequate
TOTAL

f
8
17
25

%
32
68
100

As to the adequacy of ventilation, individuals are affected by the environmental

conditions of their house. Respiratory illnesses have a greater transmission in houses whose
ventilation is poor. It also affects especially those who are immunocompromised like young
children and the elderlies.

V.

ENVIRONMENTAL INDICES
V.1 Water Supply

Table 12. Percentage distribution showing water supply of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Level
Point Source
Communal Faucet
Water Works System
Shared
TOTAL

f
5
0
20
0
25

%
20
0
80
0
100

The water supply of most families (80%) come from Maynilad which is a good parameter
because a lot of disease affecting children and adults are water-borne. With Maynilad as their
waterworks system, the quality of drinking water is ensured which decreases the number of
diarrheal cases.
V.2 Excreta Disposal
Table 13. Percentage distribution showing excreta disposal of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Excreta Disposal
Pit Latrines
Pour-Flush toilet
Flush toilet
Balot System / Wrap & Throw
Others, Specify

f
0
23
2
0
0

%
0
92
8
0
0
13

TOTAL

25

100

About 92% of families utilize pour-flush toilet method in the excreta disposal which is
suffice to reduce the incidence of diseases related to improper excreta disposal. Hence, sanitation
of these houses are improved giving a favorable living conditions.
V.3 Garbage Disposal
Table 14. Percentage distribution showing garbage disposal of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Garbage Disposal
DPS (collected)
Open Dumping
Burning
Waste Segregation
Throw in the River & Estero
TOTAL

f
24
0
0
0
1
25

%
96
0
0
0
4
100

Almost all families surveyed have their garbage being collected regularly. Garbage
collection contributes to the non-occurrence of the diseases related to improper sanitation and
thus improving the quality of life of the residents.
VI.

HEALTH INDICES
VI.1
Food Storage

Table 15. Percentage distribution showing food storage practice of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Food Storage
Refrigerated
Not Refrigerated
a. Covered
b. Exposed
TOTAL

f
6

%
24

19
0
25

76
0
100

Majority of families who does not own a refrigerator prefers their food covered.
However, it was noted that those families that have refrigerators are those who have stable
income. Food storage is important because it prevents food contamination which could cause
diseases.
VI.2

Infant Feeding Practice

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Table 16. Percentage distribution showing infant feeding practice of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Type of Infant Feeding

Breastfeeding
Bottlefeeding
a. Evaporated
b. Condensed
c. Powdered
Mixed
a. Evaporated
b. Condensed
c. Powdered
TOTAL

f
16

%
70

0
0
5

0
0
22

0
0
2
23

0
0
8
100

Based on the table above, it shows that mothers are aware of the importance of
breastfeeding in the said Barangay since 70% of them practice it. The use of exclusive
breastfeeding has been proven to decrease the incidence of infant disease such as pneumonia and
diarrhea. It also allows natural contraception and allows one to save up money instead of buying
conventional milk products.
VI.3

Immunization Status

Table 17. Percentage distribution showing immunization status of children < 1 year old among the families
surveyed at Barangay 142.

Antigen
BCG
Penta HiB 1
Penta HiB 2
Penta HiB 3
OPV 1
OPV 2
OPV 3
AMV

Target
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
2

f
9
9
9
9
9
9
2
2

%
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

The two infants whose age is less than 1 year old received all the immunizations required
for age while 7 infants received BCG, 2 doses of Penta HiB & OPV at their required age. This
impressive number shows the accessibility of health centers and free vaccines given to them at
the centers.
VI.4

Health-Seeking Behavior

Table 18. Percentage distribution showing health-seeking behaviors of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Health Facility

%
15

Hospital
Health Center
Private Clinic
Others, Specify
TOTAL

3
18
4
0
25

12
72
16
0
100

Indeed 72% of families surveyed seek health consult from the health center which could
be due to its accessibility of health center, its services and free medications. There are still few
families who prefers private clinic consult and hospital check-ups. One of the reasons for this is
that patients prefer a second opinion from other doctors as well as better doctor-patient
relationship.
VI.5

Source of Health Information

Table 19. Percentage distribution showing source of health information of families surveyed at Barangay 142.

Source

f
2
13
10
0
25

Hospital
Health Center
Media
Others, Specify
TOTAL

%
8
52
40
0
100

Because of the accessibility, many families prefer health center as their source of health
information. Media like television, radio and newspaper provide additional exposure to these
medium of health information.
VI.6
Comparative Analysis of the 10 Leading Causes of Morbidity at the
Health Center during the recent 2 years
Table 20. Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity at Barangay 142.

Diseases
1. Bronchitis
2. AURI
3. Asthma
4. Rhinitis
5. ATP
6. Pneumonia
7. AGE
8. Hypertension
9. Diabetes Mellitus
10. Skin infections

2014
1200
1200
800
900
800
600
600
500
500
300

2015
1400
1300
1300
1100
1100
900
700
500
500
300

%
7
23
8
27
18
56
0
20
20
0

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The top 3 leading causes of morbidity are all respiratory in origin. Bronchitis, AURI and
asthma are the most common causes of consult in the health center. It is because the area where
they live is congested explaining the type of house materials used and its adequacy of ventilation.
Another reason would be overcrowding which explains a factor in disease transmission.
Figure 2. Graphical Representation of the 10 Leading Causes of Morbidity in Barangay 142. January
December 2014 & 2015

Leading Causes of Morbidity

2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

VII.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

In summary, this analysis is a descriptive study of the overall health status of Barangay
142, Zone 12 of Tondo, Manila. With a population of about 1,500, a randomly selected 25
families were included in the survey complete with questionnaires provided from the training
office. Questionnaires were given and interpreted to assess the sociodemographic status of the
barangay.
The barangay is located along Banahaw street corner Paulino street of Balut, Tondo
within accessibility by tricycles, pedicabs and a small vehicles and the area is considered
commercialized. There are more males than females with majority of the population belonging to
20-39 age group. Of the 25 families surveyed, majority of the population are living-in together as
compare to those who are married. Most individuals earn more than the monthly income

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amounting to P20,000 or more but there is still a poverty line within community since many
parents have more family members at home to feed and pay miscellaneous expenses.
The kind of work the barangay have is varied with a consideration that majority of them
work as a tricycle driver and a technician. Literacy rate is not a problem since the media and
schooling is notably important in the community. Most individuals practice Roman Catholicism
with majority of them coming from NCR.
Most families live in an owned strong-type of material house with inadequate ventilation.
Most families utilize Maynilad as their water supply for drinking while their garbage and excreta
are regularly collected and properly-disposed respectively. They prefer food that are covered than
owning a refrigerator for food storage.
Breastfeeding is still practiced for mothers in the community. Immunizations are given at
a required age since they are aware that vaccinations are given for free in health centers. The
health center remains to be the number one source of health information. In the last 2 years,
respiratory diseases such as bronchitis, AURI and asthma leads the top causes of morbidity in the
community.

VIII.

PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED

There were several problems identified in Barangay 142 during the community visit. One
of the problems seen is unemployment. In the barangay, it is notified that more individuals are
dependent with a ratio of 106. This shows that more working class individuals have to work
more than enough to suffice the family needs and most of them work as a tricycle driver and a
technician.
Another problems identified is the ventilation. Since 68% of families have poor
ventilation in their area, the rate of transmission for respiratory diseases would be high. This
correlates to the top leading causes of morbidity in the said barangay in the last 2 years.
Overcrowding is also significant in the transmission of respiratory diseases.
As to the adequacy of ventilation, individuals are affected by the environmental
conditions of their house. Respiratory illnesses have a greater transmission in houses whose
ventilation is poor. It also affects especially those who are immunocompromised like young
children and the elderlies.
In addition to the outcome of poor ventilation, the community has contained problem on
respiratory diseases over the past years. The 3 top leading cause of morbidity in the community
are bronchits, AURI and asthma and these problems are still alarming. Probably, some health
programs are not discussed effectively to reduce the incidence. Overcrowding, as mentioned

18

earlier, environmental pollution and drastic change in weather can contribute to respiratory
diseases.

IX.

SUGGESTIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS

For this study, it is recommended that the importance of health teaching must be taught
among individuals especially mothers. Barangay health workers should also be knowledgeable
on how to identify and approach a child with respiratory diseases. Ways on how to prevent the
transmission of disease is important as well as need for check-up at the nearest health care
facility.
X.

ACTION PLAN

Title:

BREAK THAT CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION

General Objective
To reduce the incidence of respiratory disease transmission and its effect to children by
December 2016 at Barangay 142.
Specific
Objectives
To prevent
the
occurrence
of
respiratory
diseases
To treat
cases of
respiratory
diseases
effectively

Strategies/
Activities

Timeframe

Health
teaching on
breaking the
chain of
transmission

Monthly

Home-made
techniques/
preparations

Monthly

Locus of
Responsibilit
y
Physician,
Nurses, BHW

Physician,
Nurses, BHW

Resources

Evaluation

Handkerchief
, Tissue,
Hand soap,
Water

Return demo

Salt, Water

Return demo

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