cai (yc24594) HW 23 florin (55245)

This print-out should have 12 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page find all choices
before answering.
001 10.0 points
If both temperature and volume of an ideal
gas are halved, how does the pressure change?

1. diminishes by a factor of 2

Let :

V = 121 m3 ,
M = 25.6 g/mol ,
R = 8.31451 J/K mol ,
T1 = 15.7 C = 288.7 K ,
T2 = 38 C = 311 K , and
P = 134.1 kPa = 1.341 105 Pa .

2. increases by a factor of 2

P V = nRT
PV
= n , so
RT

3. We need the initial pressure to determine

the pressure change.
4. diminishes by a factor of 4
5. diminishes by a factor of 2
6. remains constant correct
Explanation:
From the ideal-gas law P V = n R T T ,
so
P1 V1
P2 V2
P1 V1


1
V1
P2
2
2 P1
P2
P1

T1
T2

=

T1

1
T1
2

=2
= P2 .

Halving both the temperature and volume

of the gas leaves the pressure unchanged.
002 10.0 points
A room of volume 121 m3 contains air having
an average molar mass of 25.6 g/mol.
If the temperature of the room is raised
from 15.7 C to 38 C, what mass of air will
leave the room? Assume that the air pressure
in the room is maintained at 134.1 kPa.

PV
n = n2 n1 =
R

Explanation:

1
1

T2 T1

and the change of mass is



1
1
PV
M

m = n M =
R
T2 T1


(1.341 105 Pa) 121 m3
=
8.31451 J/K mol


1
1

311 K 288.7 K


1 kg
(25.6 g/mol)
1000 g
= 12.4084 kg ,
a mass loss of 12.4084 kg .
003 10.0 points
One mole of an ideal gas at 0 C is held at a
constant volume of 86 liter.
Find the change in pressure if the temperature increases by 66 C.
Correct answer: 0.0629923 atm.
Explanation:
Let :

Correct answer: 12.4084 kg.

V = 86 liter ,
T = 66 C = 66 K , and
R = 8.31451 N m/K .

cai (yc24594) HW 23 florin (55245)

2


P2
This is a constant-volume process, so using
= m1 1
PV
P
= n R,
1

T
27 atm + 1 atm
= (16.1 kg) 1
50 atm + 1 atm
Pf
Pi
=
Ti
Tf
= 7.26078 kg .
Pi Tf
Pf =
Ti
005 10.0 points
and the change in pressure is
When an air bubble rises in water, what happens to its mass, volume, and density?
Pi Tf
P = Pf Pi =
Pi
Ti
1. Volume doesnt change; mass and density
Pi (Tf Ti )
Pi
R
increase.
=
=
T =
T
Ti
Ti
V
1 atm
8.31451 N m/K
2. Density doesnt change; mass and volume
(66 K)
=
3
increase.
0.086 m
101000 Pa
= 0.0629923 atm .

3. Density doesnt change; mass and volume

decrease.

004 10.0 points

A full tank of oxygen (O2 ) contains 16.1 kg of
oxygen under a gauge pressure of 50 atm.
Determine the mass of oxygen that has been
withdrawn from the tank when the pressure
reading is 27 atm. Assume the temperature
of the tank remains constant.
Correct answer: 7.26078 kg.

4. Volume doesnt change; mass and density

decrease.
5. Mass doesnt change; volume decreases
and density increases.
6. All three are conserved.
7. Mass doesnt change; volume increases
and density decreases. correct

Explanation:

Explanation:
Let :

m1 = 16.1 kg ,
Pg1 = 50 atm ,
Pg2 = 27 atm .

and

From the ideal gas law P V = n R T , and

P
temperature is a constant, so
= const and
n
P1
P2
=
m1
m2
m2 = m1
P = Pgauge + Patm , so
m = m1 m2

P2
.
P1

d=

m
V

The mass will not change (Boyles Law).

The bubbles pressure decreases so its volume increases and the density decreases (same
mass, smaller volume).
006 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
An air bubble originating from an under water
diver has a radius of 8 mm at some depth h.
When the bubble reaches the surface of the
water, it has a radius of 10.6 mm.
Assuming the temperature of the air in the
bubble remains constant, determine the absolute pressure at this depth h. The acceleration
of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .

cai (yc24594) HW 23 florin (55245)

rate of flow of cells through a vein with a crosssectional area of 2.25 cm2 if the average flow
speed is 44.1 cm/s and the number density
of red blood cells is 7.47258 1015 1/cm3 .
Answer in units of 1/s.

Correct answer: 2.34947 10 Pa.

Explanation:

= 1000 kg/m3 ,
g = 9.8 m/s2 ,
Patm = 1.01 105 Pa ,
R1 = 8 mm = 0.008 m , and
R2 = 10.6 mm = 0.0106 m .

Let :

From the ideal gas law

P V = n R T = constant ,

so

P1 V1 = Patm Vatm
P1
Vatm
=
Patm
V1
4
R23
P1
3
=
4
Patm
R13
3
R3
P1 = Patm 23
R1
(0.0106 m)3
= (1.01 105 Pa)
(0.008 m)3
= 2.34947 105 Pa .
007 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Determine the depth of the diver.
Correct answer: 13.668 m.
Explanation:
The absolute pressure is
P1 = Patm + g h
P1 Patm
h=
g
2.34947 105 Pa 1.01 105 Pa
=
(1000 kg/m3 ) (9.8 m/s2 )
= 13.668 m .
008 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Blood cells flow through a vein. Calculate the

Correct answer: 7.41467 1017 1/s.

Explanation:
Given the average flow speed and the density of cells we can set up the 1D flow rate
equation:
F = nc A v
= (7.47258 1015 1/cm3 ) (2.25 cm2 ) (44.1 cm/s)
= 7.41467 1017 1/s
009 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Further down the same vein the crosssectional area tapers off to 0.02 cm2 . Calculate the new flow speed. Answer in units of
cm/s
Correct answer: 4961.25 cm/s.
Explanation:
Since we know the flux is the same at the
wide and narrow portions of the vein:
Fnarrow = Fwide
nc Anarrow vnarrow = nc Awide vwide
= Awide vwide
vnarrow
Anarrow
= (2.25 cm2 ) (44.1 cm/s)
vnarrow
(0.02 cm2 )
vnarrow = 4961.25 cm/s
010

10.0 points

The mean free path depends solely upon

which two properties of the gas molecules?
1. The size and number density of the
molecules. CORRECT
2. The temperature and pressure of the
molecules.
3.
The temperature and size of the
molecules.
4. The size and pressure of the molecules.

cai (yc24594) HW 23 florin (55245)

Explanation:
it depends upon the size of the molecules
and the number density of the molecules
011 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Argon gas at atmospheric pressure and
22 C is confined in a vessel. The effective hardsphere radius of the argon atom is
3.1 1010 m.
Determine the mean free path l.
The value of Boltzmanns constant is
1.38066 1023 J/K. Answer in units of m.
Correct answer: 3.3294 108 m.
Explanation:
Assuming an ideal gas,

P = n kB T
the mean free path is
l=

1
An

1
(r + r)2 n
kB T
=
4 r2 P
(1.38066 1023 J/K) (295 K)
=
4 (3.1 1010 m)2 (1.013 105 Pa)
= 3.3294 108 m
=

012 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points

Assuming the temperature of the Argon gas
remains the same as in Part 1, what will the
pressure be when the mean free path is 0.27 m.
Answer in units of Pa.
Correct answer: 0.0124914 Pa.
Explanation:
As in Part 1, pressure is related to the mean
free path by:
kB T
4 r2 l
(1.38066 1023 J/K) (295 K)
=
4 (3.1 1010 m)2 (0.27 m)
= 0.0124914 Pa

P =