NAME : Aiman MUSHRAF

STUDENT I.D: 60808

Robert Heller, also Joseph Heller, (born William Henry Palmer; 18261878) was
an English magician, mentalist, and musician. The year of his birth is the subject of
some speculation; some sources list it as 1829 while others claim 1830.
As the son of a famous concert pianist, Heller began his life as a musician studying at
the Royal Academy of Music. After becoming fascinated with magic at age 14, Heller
began copying his idol Jean Eugne Robert-Houdin, from whom he adopted his first
name. Heller left his scholarship at the academy to become a professional magician.
Heller's magic career began in New York City in 1858. In an attempt to copy the style of
Houdin, Heller wore a dark wig and spoke in a French accent when he performed. His
act was such a failure that he moved to Washington, D.C. to become a music teacher.
Heller married one of his pupils, the daughter of a wealthy Washington resident and
would eventually return to New York. Deciding to try his magic act again, Heller
abandoned the accent and image of before and focused on the presentation of his
illusions. His tour that spanned from 1869 to 1875 became a success throughout much
of the United States, Great Britain, Europe, and Asia. Heller's success prompted fellow
magician Harry Kellar to change his name as to avoid the impression that he was
copying the greatness of Heller.
Heller retired from magic after his successful tour. He spent the remaining years of his
life performing piano in Washington, D.C. In 1878, Heller died suddenly
ofpneumonia in Philadelphia, USA and was buried in Mount Moriah
Cemetery in Yeadon, Pennsylvania.

Even the staunchest of critics will usually concede Microsoft and its leader have demonstrated a
remarkable flair for business over the years--whether or not, as a federal court has ruled, they
boosted their efforts through improper means. Bill Gates, an entry in the Business Masterminds
series from Dorling Kindersley, accessibly presents this management side for a general business
audience. Robert Heller, founding editor ofManagement Today magazine and author of several
books in the series, opens by acknowledging his subject's talent for "combining widely known
technology with practical application of extraordinarily powerful business ideas." After a
biographical sketch and brief mention `of the antitrust case, Heller looks into the way the computer
industry and its biggest player have reshaped the way we live and work. He then analyzes how Gates
built his company (hired the super smart, managed knowledge effectively), developed the world's
leading software products (invested in research, recognized opportunities), and turned "vision into
value" (took big risks, hedged his bets). As with other books in this series, periodic Masterclasses are
included that break the relevant business practices down into easily understandable and eminently
practical bulleted points. --Howard Rothman. Supplying lessons from today's most celebrated and
successful business thinkers, DK's Business Masterminds series is perfect for people hoping to
advance their corporate careers, make their own businesses grow and prosper, or achieve personal
goals. In addition to providing overviews of each mastermind's most influential writings and
speeches, each title is packed with full-color charts, diagrams, and photographs that graphically
illustrate complex concepts. Supplying lessons from today's most celebrated and successful
business thinkers, DK's Business Masterminds series is perfect for people hoping to advance their
corporate careers, make their own businesses grow and prosper, or achieve personal goals. In
addition to providing overviews of each mastermind's most influential writings and speeches, each
title is packed with full-color charts, diagrams, and photographs that graphically illustrate complex
concepts.
UNDERESTIMATING THE INTERNET
The internets central position gatess thought and action represents a great turn around. When the
first website appeared in 1993, to be followed shortly by Netcapes internet browser, Gates could
hardly fail to notice these events. But, as he has often admitted, he was slow to understand the
fundamental significance of internet developments. Appearing as a Fortune lecture in 1998 with the
fabled investor Warren Buffett,Gates confessed that when the internercame along, we had it as fifth
or sixth priority
CREATING THE INDUTRY STANDARD

All this wealth sprang, not from work on BASIC, but from IBMs other need, for operating software
for their PC. Gates boldly bid for the contract. He then approached another software company Seattle
Computer Products and bought an operating system called Q-DOS (nicknamed Quick and Dirty
Operating system). Gates and allen then modified it to suit IBMs needs renamed it to IBM
(Microsoft Disk Operating System) and delivered it to IBM for a relatively low price.
ENTERING THE WEB RACE
The time lag is especially astonishing in the light of Gatess own later views. By 1999, he saw the
internet as far more than a priority. It had become in his mind and in actuality, a transcendent
technology The internet creates a new universalspace for information sharing collaboration and
commerce
We didnt see that the internet, a network for academics and techies would blossom
into the global commercial network it is today
CHANGING WORKSTYLE AND LIFE STYLE
It takes no great prophetic leap to see that these digital tools, already employed by many people, will
spread to the great majority , even without new consumer devices such as television set top boxes
that gates confidently and rightly expects. Gates fits current and impending developments into two
important constructs: Web work style and Web life style. Neither had been fully realized by 1999,
but their shape was clear
DEVELOPING A DNS
Gates, however, devotes much more attention to the business transformation, the contours of which
are clearly visible than to the more opaque consumer world. The key digital applications for business
include

Replacing paper work with digital text

Facilitating group work by enabling teams to use the same data simultaneously
Providing up to the minute information about sales and customers to improve
responsiveness
Facilitating relationships with business partners

Bill Gates was born in Seattle on October 28, 1955 to his parents, Mary and William
Gates II. He has two sisters. His father was a prominent Seattle lawyer, and his mother
was a schoolteacher, University of Washington regent and chairwoman of United Way
International. His great-grandfather was a state legislator and mayor, and his
grandfather was the vice president of a national bank.

Bill demonstrated his intelligence and ambition early in life, and his parents decided to
enroll him into the prestigious Lakeside private prep school. Bill first started working with
computers at the school. His mother was on the committee that donated the terminal to
the school, which was connected via a telephone to a local computer company. Bill and
a few other students formed the Lakeside Programmers Group, and nearly spent all of
their time on the computer writing programs for various purposes. The group was even
banned from the computer for a few weeks for hacking into the security program and
altering data on the system. Many of the group members ended up working at Microsoft
as programmers. Bill later went onto Harvard University, but dropped out in 1974 to form
Microsoft with Paul Allen, who had been a friend of Bill Gates since childhood. Bill Gates
had known Steve Ballmer at Harvard, and they worked on programs together for the
Altair computer.
Microsoft was originally a company that wrote applications and languages. They had not
written any operating systems when IBM approached them for help on the IBM personal
computer. Seeing an opportunity, Bill Gates purchased the operating system known as
CPM DOS from a small software company in Seattle, Washington. He then leased the
operating system to IBM as MS-DOS. Initially this seemed like a good deal, but Bill soon
realized that the lease agreement gave IBM unrestricted use of DOS. When COMPAQ
approached Microsoft about licensing MS-DOS, Microsoft leased it to them on a per PC
basis, which was more profitable for Microsoft. IBM was upset that Microsoft was
leasing MS-DOS to its competitors, and negotiated for a new Operating system that
would only run on IBM computers. Bill Gates tried to sell IBM on the idea of a new
project that he was working on called Windows, but when IBM learned that it would run
on all IBM PCs and the new IBM clone PCs, they lost interest. IBM wanted an operating
system that would only work on IBM computers. Microsoft wrote OS2 for IBM, and
ended with exclusive rights to DOS, and Windows. When Microsoft released Windows,
Apple sued them claiming that it was a copy of their operating system that ran on Apple
computers. Microsoft eventually won the lawsuit. In 1975, Microsoft had yearly revenue
of $16,005. In 2000 that number had grown to $22.96 billion, and Microsoft currently
employs more than 39,000 people in 60 countries.
Bill is currently chairman and chief software architect of Microsoft Corporation, which
makes almost all of the dominant software products used on personal computers today.
They make everything from the computer operating system to the applications that
people use in daily life. Recently Microsoft has also made a push to dominate the
Internet and Business Network Operating systems. Gates was formerly Chief Executive
Officer, but recently passed that responsibility on to Steve Ballmer. Bill wanted to get
back into programming because he felt that he had drifted away from it. Bill was married
to Melinda French Gates in 1994 in Hawaii. They now have two children: a daughter,

Jennifer Katharine Gates, born in 1996; and a son, Rory John Gates, born in 1999. Bill
likes to read and play golf and bridge.