HO S E XUAT

THUYET MINH BIEN PHAP

KY THUAT THI CONG
I. BIEN PHAP KY THUAT THI CONG
1. Cong Tac Chuan B Cong Trng Va nh V Tuyen
Cong Trnh
- Ket hp vi n v chu au t lien he cac n v giao
thong va chnh quyen a phng quan ly tren cac oan co
tuyen xay dng cong be mi xin giay phep va giai toa mat
bang thi cong.
- Thanh lap ban chi huy cong trng co lanh ao Cong Ty can
bo co chuyen mon nghiep vu vien thong mang thong tin, kinh
te tai chnh vat t .sao cho viec to chc thi cong cong trnh
c tot nhat. Cac trach nhiem cua tng thanh vien se c
quy inh cu the bang quyet nh cua Giam oc Cong Ty.
- Cung vi ben A nhanh chong hoan tat thu tuc giay phep
xay dng va nhan tuyen tien hanh lam cong tac en bu
giai toa mat bang.
Kiem tra cac loai vat t theo tieu chuan ky thuat, am tot
mi a vao s dungcho conh trnh
- Chuan b kho bai tap ket vat t mi chu au t, t van
thiet ke en kiem tra trc khi thi cong.
- Tap ket , to chc bo may thi cong bien che cac to oi
lao ong quan triet yeu cau ve noi dung cong viec va noi
quy an toan lao ong.
Tap ket cong cu trang thiet b thi cong va cac phng tien
am bao an toan giao thong, bien bao rao chan
- Thc hien ao am bao ung kch thc, cao o theo o
an thiet ke. Lp at xau khong phu hp se c ao bo
thay bang lp at tot.
-. Nha thau se van chuyen at thai hoac at s dung lai
en o cac khu vc quy nh.
- Nen mong phai am bao ung cao trnh thiet ke, bang
phang va luon luon c gi kho rao trc khi bat au thi
cong phan xay uc.
- at dung e ap nen ng c lay t mo at a
c s chap thuan cua chu au t va n v t van giam
sat.
- Khoi lng at ap theo ung thiet ke am bao cao trnh
thiet ke
- Trc khi tien hanh gia co at phai can c vao ket cau
mat ng va cac tieu chuan vat lieu cung nh kha nang
trang thiet b va cac ieu kien lien quan khac e thiet ke to
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

chc thi cong cho phu hp nham am bao thi gian quy nh
chat lng va hieu qua kinh te cao.
2. Thi cong bo va.
ke

Thc hien khuon ao ung vi tr, cao o o doc va thiet

Ban gat, lu len nen ha at o chat thiet ke.

Trc khi thi cong n v thi cong trnh cap phoi cho chu au
t va t van giam sat kiem duyet. Cap phoi do n v co
chc nang ( phong lab) lap.
Be tong c tron bang may tron, ty le cot lieu theo
ung Mac be tong thiet ke, c tron kho eu trc khi cho
nc vao. Be tong sau khi tron xong phai ao bao o sut va
o deo theo yeu cau va o cang sm cang tot.
Be tong phai c am ky bang am dui va am ban.
V tr mach ngng khi o be tong phai ung quy pham va
bao am mach ngng khong gay nguy hiem cho chat lng
cong trnh. Trong cung hang muc thi gian thi cong cach nhau
qua 4 gi th phai lam ve sinh va tao nham mep mach ngng.
Mat coffa phai c lam sach va quet chat chong dnh
trc khi lap dng.Coffa phai c ghep kn, kht e khong lam
mat nc ximang trong qua trnh thi cong.
Be tong sau khi o c bao dng bang vai bao bo am
nc nham tranh tac ong cua nang tranh ran nt be mat
betong.
Sau khi o phai c rao chan nham tranh ngi va phng
tien qua lai lam h be mat be tong.
3. Cong tac lu len nen va he
- Dung o to van chuyen vat lieu ap t mo tap ket tai v
tr thi cong thanh tng ong.
Khoang cach gia cac ong vat lieu o la:
L

Trong o

Q
(m)
B.h1

Q: la khoi lng chuyen ch cua 1 o to (m3)

B: la be rong mat ng (m)
h1: chieu day lp at K98 ( cha len chat) tnh bang m
h1 h.P

o
(m)
i

h: la be day lp at K98 (a lu len) tnh bang m

o dung trong lp at ap K98 trang thai chat (T/m3)
i dung trong lp at ap K98 trang thai ri (T/m3)
P: ty le phoi hp cua tng loai at
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

- San at theo chieu day h1

Cong tac san at c tien hanh bang may san vi chieu
day h1 sao cho mat cua lp at bang phang, khong loi
lom. Trong qua trnh san nen hnh thanh khum mui luyen doc
ve hai ben e thoat nc.
* Giai oan lu s bo
Dung lu tnh t 8 10T lu s bo tren be mat t 3 4
lt/iem vi toc o 2 2,5 Km/h. Muc ch cua giai oan nay
la lam ep co lp cat, lam cho ket cau di chuyen en v tr
on nh.
* Giai oan lu len chat
Dung lu rung t 16 24T (che o rung cap 1) lu chat tren be
mat t 6 8 lt/iem vi toc o lu 4 6 Km/h.
Dung lu rung t 16 24T (che o rung cap 2) lu chat tren be
mat t 6 8 lt/iem vi toc o lu 4 6 Km/h.
* Giai oan lu hoan thien
- Dung lu tnh t 8 10T lu s bo tren be mat t 3 4
lt/iem vi toc o 4 6 km/h
- e am bao lu len c ong eu th vet sau e len
vet trc 25 30cm
- Trong qua trnh lu len neu thay vat lieu kho th can phai
ti nc tham eu 1 2 gi mi tiep tuc lu tiep.
- Trong nhng oan co bo tr sieu cao nen tien hanh lu t
bung ng cong en lng ng cong, con nhng oan
ng thang th lu t mep vao gia.
- Cong tac thi cong lp K98 phai luon am bao o bang
phang, thoat nc tot.
Ta luy phai am bao o doc, o bang phang va o chat
yeu cau.
- Cong tac kiem tra va nghiem thu:
+ Kiem tra o chat :Kiem tra o chat nen ng bang
phng phap AASHTOT91, o chat lp ap phai at K 98
+ Kiem tra cao o dung may thuy bnh kiem tra cao o
lp ap da vao moc khong che ng truyen.
+ Kiem tra kch thc hnh hoc cua lp ap: dung thc
thep e kiem tra.
+ Kiem tra hng tuyen: dung may toan ac ien t
e kiem tra.
- Cac ch tieu tren at yeu cau th lam bien ban nghiem
thu lp ap o, c the thi cong, kiem tra va nghiem thu
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

en lp nh K98. Sai so cho phep cao o cua lp nh K98

la 10mm.
- Trc khi thi cong ai tra lp ap K98 n v thi cong se
tien hanh thi cong th iem mot oan khoang100m lam c s
thc te e hoan thien cong nghe thi cong lp ap K98. Sau
khi hoan thien cong nghe thi cong lp ap K98 n v thi
cong se tien hanh thi cong ai tra.
4. Thi cong trai can lp CPD nen va he
- Chuan b cac thiet b phuc vu kiem tra, cac thiet b thi
cong
- Chuan b nen, mong pha di lp CPD sao cho, ong eu,
am bao o doc ngan
- To chc thi cong mot oan rai th 50m 100 m
- Sau khi ban gat, lu len nen ha at o chat thiet ke, tien
hanh th nghiem kiem tra he so nen chat K = 0.9 do n v co
chc nang th nghiem.
- Thi cong tng lp a cap phoi 0x4, lu len va thng
xuyen gi o am cua vat lieu e tao s ket dnh ong nhat.
- Tien hanh th nghiem kiem tra he so nen chat K = 0.95 do
n v co chc nang th nghiem.
- Lay mau CPD e th nghiem xac nh cma va W0 (theo tieu
chuan am nen cai tien AASHTO T180 )
- Bao dng va lam lp nha ti tham
5. Cong tac lat gach Terrazo
- Gach Terrazo: TCVN 6074: 1995.Kch thc gacg theo thiet ke:
+ Chieu day lp mat vien gach khong nho hn 8mm,
chenh leach chieu day tren cung mot vien gach khong ln
hn 1mm, Sai lech o vuong goc khong ln hn 1mm,Cong
venh mat mai nhan khong ln hn 0.5mm.
+ Sc v canh tren toan bo chu vi lp v mat sau
khong qua 1mm, dai khong qua 10mm, tnh bang so vet
khong ln hn 1. Khong co st goc lp mat
+ o mai mon lp mat khong ln hn 0.45g/cm 2, o chu
lc xung kch khong nho hn 20 lan.
+ o cng lp mat at yeu cau ( do cng lp mat c
xac nh bang cach dung cha vach bang ong co li vach
rong 5mm, day 0.5mm, canh khong sat, dung cha vach lean
be mat san pham cac v tr khac nhau, sau khi vach
khong e lai vet han tren be mat san pham th c xem
la at yeu cau.)
- Gach loai 1 do cac nha may san xuat trong nc va phai
c chao mau cho chu au t la chon trc khi cung ng
en cong trng. Yeu cau at cac ch tieu toi thieu theo quy
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

nh ve o chnh xac cua kch thc, o day men, o bong,

khong ran nt, khong vet khuyet, chat lng ong nhat.
- Gach op lat trc khi a vao thi cong phai c kiem tra
chat lng phu hp vi chung loai vat lieu a mi va d
thau.
- Thi cong lp va em M75 day 1,5cm lam chat ket dnh
gia nen va gach.
- at cac vien gach kht vi nhau va dung bua go en khi
nc ximang trao len pha tren phu kn cac ng ke lat
- Lau chui be mat gach sau khi lat, tranh e va ximang
bam tren be mat gach qua lau gay o gach ve sau.
- Khong cho i lai tren khu vc mi lat cho en khi lp nen
a at u o cng.
- Va he phai co o doc nh thiet ke quy nh, khong tao
vung ong nc va c kiem tra o bang phang bang thc
dai 3m.
6. Cong tac BT a 1x2 cac loai
- c anh gia theo tieu chuan chat lng TCVN 1771-1987.
- Cot lieu ln dung cho be tong la a dam c a 1x2, 4x6
tieu chuan co mau xanh nhat khi kho .
- a dam a vao tron be tong ao bao cac yeu cau ve
thanh phan hat, ham lng hat set, bun bui trong a dam
bang cach ra khong qua tr so 1 en 3 (tuy theo loai a
phun xuat, tram tch hay soi va soi dam); trong o cuc set
khong qua 0.25%,. Khong cho phep co mang set bao phu cac
hat a dam va nhng tap chat ban khac nh go muc, la cay,
rac ri lan vao.
- Be tong c tron bang may tron, ty le cot lieu theo
ung Mac be tong thiet ke, c tron kho eu trc khi cho
nc vao. Be tong sau khi tron xong phai ao bao o sut va
o deo theo yeu cau va o cang sm cang tot.
- Be tong phai c am ky bang am dui va am ban.
- V tr mach ngng khi o be tong phai ung quy pham va
bao am mach ngng khong gay nguy hiem cho chat lng
cong trnh. Trong cung hang muc thi gian thi cong cach nhau
qua 4 gi th phai lam ve sinh va tao nham mep mach ngng.
- Be tong sau khi o c bao dng bang vai bao bo am
nc nham tranh tac ong cua nang tranh ran nt be mat
betong.
- Sau khi o phai c rao chan nham tranh ngi va phng
tien qua lai lam h be mat be tong.
7. Cong tac thi cong ho ga
- Can c vao a hnh, dong chay tai v tr thi cong ho
ga,cong nha thau se co bien phap nan dong chay hoac at
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

cong tam thoat nc. Tai nhng ni khong nan dong c

hoac mc nc ngam cao va lu lng nc ngam ln th nha
thau se ao ho tu ket hp may bm nc e thoat nc
dong chay.
- Cac ho ga,cong lam mi qua ng bo tr thi cong tng
na mot e am bao giao thong. Sau khi thi cong xong na
ben nay va ap at thong xe mi tien hanh thi cong na
ben kia.
- nh v cac v tr mong cong trnh theo ung thiet ke, tien
hanh ao mong (hoac pha d ket cau cu) bang may xuc
ket hp vi thu cong, xuc at, vat lieu o i len phng tien
van chuyen o ung v tr . Khi ao mong can ong tng
chan bang coc c va go van e tranh sut l ho mong,
ong thi bo tr rao chan e am bao an toan khi thi cong.
- Sau khi ao en cao o thiet ke dung thu cong san sa
ay cong ung cao o, trac ngang, o doc cua ho ga, cong
va c am chat ung quy nh hien hanh. Rai lp em a
dam, am len chat ung theo thiet ke c TVGS nghiem thu
trc khi lap at ho ga ong cong...
- Sau khi thi cong xong lp dam em 10cm va be tong M15
e cong th tien hanh lap at ong cong.
- Dung may ao cau cong va lap at ong cong am bao
ung v tr, ung hng, ung o doc va cao o.
- Sau khi a lap at ong cong vao ung v tr, ve sinh sach
se tai cac moi noi va c ti am trc khi dung va xi
mang mac M15 e nhet moi noi ong cong. Pha trong cua cac
moi noi c bao dng bang bao tai va gi o am thng
xuyen t nhat 3 ngay
8. Cong tac ao, ap ho mong trong cay :
- Thc hien khuon ao ung v tr, o sau thiet ke.
- ao at ho mong trong cay tap ket gon thanh ong e
tan dung ap lai ho mong.
- Lap at cac goc cay co chong gi bang cac thanh chong
, tan dung at ao e ap lai.
- Lap at bo va goc cay, trat bo va goc cay, lot gach
so 8 goc cay.
II. BIEN PHAP AN TOAN LAO ONG,AN TOAN GIAO THONG
VA VE SINH MOI TRNG, PHONG CHAY CHA CHAY.
1) Bien phap an toan lao ong
* Bao am cho ngi va thiet b
- Nha thau chung toi to chc mua bao hiem cho vat t
thiet b, nha xng phuc vu thi cong, bao hiem tai nan con
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

ngi theo nh quy nh tai khoan 3 ieu 55 quy che quan ly

au t XD so 52/CP va thong t so 137/TT-BTC ngay 19/11/1999
cua Bo tai chnh hng dan bao hiem cong trnh.
- Moi thanh vien tham gia thi cong cong trnh c tap huan
ve an toan lao ong va c trang b ay u dung cu bao ho
lao ong trc khi tham gia thi cong. To chc mot tu thuoc
quan y tren cong trng. To chc cap cu, om au va tai nan
kp thi.
- Moi ngi khi tham gia day chuyen san xuat c bo tr
ung tay nghe va trnh o chuyen mon, phai c hoc cac noi
quy an toan va mang ay u bao ho lao ong phu hp vi
ac iem cua tng cong viec.
- Cong nhan thu cong, lai xe, lai may c hoc an toan lao
ong, cach thc phoi hp e thi cong gia xe may va thu
cong trc khi thi cong.
- Can bo phu trach an toan cua Nha thau thng xuyen
kiem tra phat hien kp thi cac hien tng mat an toan x ly
ngay nham am bao an toan tuyet oi.
- Tuan thu cac quy nh ve ve sinh an toan thc pham.
Khong e xay ra ngo oc thc pham, dch benh, phong chong
sot ret.
- Cong nhan tham gia thi cong la nhng ngi u tuoi lao
ong, u sc khoe va c kiem tra sc khoe nh ky.
- Day ien dung trong thi cong la loai day co vo boc cach
ien tot, ngi van hanh may chay bang day ien c trang
b ung va gang tay cao su.
- Khi thi cong ban em c bo tr en chieu sang ay u.
- Nhan vien ieu khien phng tien, thiet b thi cong luon
tuan thu luat an toan giao thong va nhng quy nh an toan lao
ong tren cong trng. To sa cha may moc luon co bien
phap kiem tra may moc thiet b nh ky e am bao an toan
cho lai xe, may trong qua trnh ieu khien phng tien.
- Tren oan thi cong va cac ho ao tren ng co rao
chan, ban em co en bao hoac bien phan quang va co
ngi ch dan giao thong.
- Ngi cong nhan lai xe, may, van hanh thiet b theo
ung quy trnh, khong t y bo i ni khac hay cho ngi khac
van hanh.
- Nha thau se thanh lap mot oi kiem tra an toan, thng
xuyen kiem tra an toan lao ong tren cong trng. Hng dan
oi thi cong theo cac ieu le ve an toan lao ong, ve khoang
cach oi vi may thi cong.
- Sau moi ca thi cong, may moc thiet b phai c tap ket
ve bai theo quy nh.
- Cac thiet b thi cong ban em phai co ay u cac en
chieu sang e am bao an toan.
- Cong tac phong chay no tai cong trng cung c quan
tam, phai bo tr bnh cu hoa cung nh thung cat cha chay
va phai co phng an cha chay khi co hoa hoan xay ra.
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

*am bao an toan cho cong trnh

- Trong qua trnh thi cong, chung toi tien hanh cac bien
phap hp ly, tranh lam h hong cac cong trnh xung quanh nh :
Cong trnh kien truc van hoa, he thong thuy li, mang li
ng day ien, thong tin lien lac, ng xa, cau cong, nha
ca, tai san cua nhan dan... Trong trng hp bat kha khang
Nha thau se bao cao Chu au t co bien phap kp thi e
khac phuc.
- Xe ch vat lieu, xe thi cong c s dung theo ung chc
nang cua tng loai, khong ch qua tai gay hong hoc cho
ng va cac cong trnh xay lap tren o.
- n v thi lap phng an thi cong, phng an an toan e
am thong tin lien lac ,an toan tuyet oi cho ngi va thiet b.
- Trong suot qua trinh thi cong tuan thu ung quy trnh an
toan lao ong cho nganh va nha nc a ban hanh.
2) Bien phap an toan giao thong
- Trong qua trnh thi cong Nha thau chung toi lap bien
phap thi cong hp ly e han che ach tac giao thong toi thieu
nhat.
- Lam ng tranh, ng cong vu e am bao cho cac
phng tien giao thong i lai de dang, khong b ach tac giao
thong, hoac mat an toan giao thong do loi cua Nha thau gay
nen. Neu do ieu kien a hnh, thi tiet sinh ra lay loi se co
may ui ho tr cac phng tien giao thong qua lai.
- Nha thau bo tr lc lng nhan cong khi nc, vet bun
va tang cng cho nhng ni nen yeu . Khi het thi gian lay
loi, cac vat lieu nay c d bo don sach va bo sung vao
o la cap phoi, a dam, e am bao giao thong va an toan
cong trnh.
- Luon co lc lng tham gia hng dan giao thong. Co bien
bao cong trng, bien han che toc o va hang rao chan
ay u cho moi v tr thi cong, cac bien nay ban em c bo
tr en bao hoac bien phan quang.
- Vat lieu tap ket ve thi cong o gon ve mot pha, phan
ng con lai phai u rong cho phng tien giao thong qua lai
c.
- Nha thau chu trach nhiem hoan toan ve viec am bao
giao thong cho moi phng tien qua lai tren cong trng 24/24h.
- Nha thau quy nh bai tap ket may moc, vat lieu gon
gang va ung v tr quy nh. To chc cung ng vat t, vat lieu
ngay nao gon ngay ay.
- Thng xuyen nhac nh, giao duc lc lng lai xe tren
cong trng chap hanh luat le giao thong.
- Sau khi thi cong xong tng oan, trc khi ngh eu phai
lam vuot noi e cho phng tien i lai c em thuan.
3) Bien phap an toan moi trng
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

- Trong qua trnh thi cong cho en khi ket thuc viec bao
hanh cong trnh, Nha thau se khong lam anh hng en moi
trng sinh thai, canh quan, my quan trong khu vc. Gi gn tham
thc vat xung quanh khu vc thi cong, giai toa cac chng ngai,
tr ngai khong can thiet, bo tr cong trng gon sach, hoan
thien ngay nhng hang muc a ket thuc thi cong.
- Nha thau se s dung cac phng tien, thiet b thi cong
at cac tieu chuan ve kh thai va tieng on cua Viet Nam..
- Tat ca cac loai xe ch vat lieu vao cong trng hoac
at a phe thai o i eu phai dung bat che ay can than
tranh tnh trang ri vai vat lieu gay bui ban anh hng ti
moi trng xung quanh.
- Cac may xuc, may ao, may lu, o to trong qua trnh thi
cong khong c xa dau thai hoac o dau m ba bai gay
o nhiem oc hai anh hng en moi trng xung quanh.
- Tat ca vat lieu o thai ra khoi cong trng se o theo
ung v tr ma a c s chap thuan cua Chu cong trnh, Ky
s TVGS va chnh quyen a phng. Khi thi tiet nang hanh se
phun nc bang xe tec e chong bui.
- Tram tron phai co he thong loc bui va cac thiet b kiem
soat tranh o nhiem moi trng xung quanh.
- Khai thac cap phoi hoac at ap phai gi gn canh quan
moi trng. Khong lam l at, thay oi dong chay song suoi
lam anh hng en kenh mng, ruong vn cua nhan dan.
- Tat ca cac nguon nc sach se c bao quan tot,
khong o rac thai thi cong va cac vat lieu thi cong vao cac
khu vc nc sach.
- Khu vc an trong qua trnh thi cong c bo tr cong trnh
ve sinh ay u. Moi thanh vien tham gia thi cong c quan
triet y thc ve sinh trong qua trnh sinh hoat, an , thi cong...
- Giao duc thng xuyen cho can bo cong nhan vien toan
cong trng ve y thc trach nhiem trong viec gi gn canh
quan, moi trng cua a phng va ve sinh khu sinh hoat. moi
ngi co y thc chap hanh tot cac noi quy, quy nh cua a
phng nham bao am an ninh tren a ban, lam tot cong tac
dan van, tan dung toi a nhan cong a phng vao nhng
cong viec thch hp nham nang cao thu nhap va i song cho
nhan dan.
Khi hoan thien ban giao cong trnh: Nha thau chung toi se
to thu don rac ri, vat lieu tha, thao d cac cong trnh tam
thi phuc vu thi cong, thanh thai long song suoi...cac chng
ngai do thi cong ri vai trong toan bo pham vi cong trng am
bao canh quan moi trng sach ep.
- cac bien phap am bao ve sinh moi trng nh sau :
Chap hanh tot cac quy nh cua nha nc ve luat bao
ve moi trng, khong lam o nhiem moi trng tai khu
vc thi cong

Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

Trong to chc thi cong chia phan oan thi cong phu hp e
thi cong dt iem khong tran lan,tranh gay lay loi khi
ma va bui khi nang.
Khi thi cong nen ng vao mua nang hang ngay bo tr
xe nc thng xuyen ti nc trong khu vc e han che
bui tren oan ng ang thi cong tranh o nhiem moi
trng
Trc khi ket thuc cong trnh nha thau se thu don mat
bang cong trng gon gang,sach se,chuyen het cac vat
lieu tha, d bo cac cong trnh tram.
Vat lieu may moc thi cong phai tap ket gon gang,at
a tha phai o tai v tr quy nh
Khi thi cong het sc chu y tranh chat pha cay xanh tr
trng hp bat kha khang, con lai can tranh ne,am
bao canh quan moi trng.
Khong i lai t do
Ket hp vi chnh quyen s e lam tot cong tac gi gn
va bao ve an ninh trat t ni co can bo cong nhan ong
quan thi cong.
4) Bien phap phong chay cha chay, chong on.
Lanh ao n v c can bo chuyen trach ve an toan PCCC
e xay dng cac bien phap to chc va ky thuat am bao
an toan chay no trong pham vi cong trnh. ong thi pho bien
cac quy nh va ky thuat PCCC va cac ch dan can thiet khi
lam viecj vi tng chat lieu, vat lieu chay cho oi ngu cong
nhan, cac n v tham gia trc tiep thi cong tai cong trng
oi ngu cong nhan phai c trang b kien thc ve PCCC
la mot van e quan trong va thiet thc, moi ngi ieu phai y
thc c viec phong chay cha chay e tranh hau qua
nghiem trong xay ra. V vay tai cong trng phai lap ra phng
an cu the e khi co s co xay ra co u ieu kien kp thi
dap tat c am chay han che thap nhat thiet hai ve ngi
va tai san.
Kiem tra nh ky viec to chc phong chay cha chay tai
cong trnh
Tao moi trng khong chay va kho chay bang cach thay
thue cac khau hoat ong san xuat kinh doanh, moi trng nha
xng, tram thiet b, vat lieu..t de chay, co nguy hiem
chay tr thanh khong chay va kho chay. Ngan chan nguon
nhiet gay chay,quan ly chac che nguon la,nhiet s dung
trong hoat ong san xuat kinh doanh,sinh hoat. Han che dien tch
san xuat, dien tch bao quan chat chay va han che chat
chay ti mc can thiet.
Ngan chan ng phat trien cua la t xay tng ngan
can ,e bao,lap at thiet b chong chay lan.Lap at he
thong bao chay va cha chay t ong
e ngan chan trnh trang chay no co the xay ra tai cong
trng can chu y mot so iem sau:
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

- Phai bo tr mat bang to chc thi cong hp ly nham

cach ly cac chat d chay no vi moi trng nguy hiem
- Phai xay dng oi ngu phong chay cha chay ngay tai
cong trnh cung nh ket hp vi oi phong chong chay
no c s
- Phoi hp chat che vi canh sat PCCC trung tam va khu
vc phong chong x ly lap tc khac phuc s co.
- Pho bien cho cong nhan ang tham gia xay dng tai cong
trnh ve y thc vat lieu de chay no, va hiem hoa cua
chay no co the xay ra
- ong thi co nhng hnh phat nang oi vi nhng ngi
co y e xay ra chay no
- Phng phap lam lanh: la dung cac chat cha chay co
kha nang thu nhiey lam giam nhiet o cua am chay
nhr hn nhiet o bat chay cua am chay , am chay
tat.
- Quy trnh giai quyet s co xay ra :Bao ong chay, Cat
ien ni xay ra chay, Cu ngi bi nan to chc thoat
nan cho ngi va di chuyen tai san ra khoi vung chay.
To chc lc lng,s dung phng tien cha chay tai cho
e cu chay am chay,Goi ien bao cho lc lng cha
chay chuyen nghiep goi 114, Bao ve ngan chan phan t
xau li dung cha chay e lay tai san , giu gn trat t
cha chay thuan li, Phoi hp vi lc lng cha chay
e cha am chay, Bao ve hien trng chay sau khi
dap tat am chay
Bien phap phong chong chay no vi thiet b ap lc: nh
bnh ga, bnh oxi phai qua kiem tra kiem nh va con thi gian s
dung. Cong nhan theo sat phai co chng ch nghe nghiep va
tuan theo quy trnh an toan chay no.
Bien phap phong chong chay no vi vat t: cac loai vat
lieu de chay c bo tr gan bai cha cat, co d tr t nhat
2 bnh cu hoa cho mot kho, khong d tr nhien lieu tronh khu
vc thi cong am bao phong chay cha chay cho cac khu vc
xung quanh cong trng.
Bien phap phong chong chay no vi thiet b thi cong: cac
thiet b nh may phat ien, may am nhat la phan ien
II. CAC BIEN PHAP AM BAO CHAT LNG TRONG QUA
TRNH THI CONG
1) Chng trnh huan luyen nhan s:
Lc lng can bo ky thuat va cong nhan tham gia thi cong
tren cong trnh la lc lng lanh nghe, a trai qua thi cong
hoan thien nhieu cong trnh, co kinh nghiem thi cong am bao
ky thuat, chat lng va thi gian hoan thanh cong trnh Giam
sat Cong ty to chc nghiem thu tng phan, tng bc cong
viec hoan thanh vi s tham gia cua Giam sat A.
Bo phan KCS co chuyen mon va trnh o nghiep vu cua
Cong ty chung toi a thanh lap va hoat ong rat co hieu
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

qua trong viec quan ly, kiem tra chat lng san pham xay
dng. Bo phan KCS nay cua chung toi c bo tr va lam viec
ngay tai hien trng t khi cong trnh bat au thi cong. Nhiem
vu cua bo phan nay a c Giam oc Cong ty giao cho
quyen va trach nhiem kiem tra chat lng vat lieu, chat lng
ban thanh pham, chat lng thi cong cong trnh theo ung quy
trnh th nghiem, kiem tra. Moi cong tac eu c bo phan nay
nghiem thu, kiem tra trc khi mi Giam sat A nghiem thu. Bo
phan nay co quyen t choi moi vat lieu khong at yeu cau
ve chat lng, chung loai. Ngoai trach nhiem am bao chat
lng cong trnh cua bo phan ky s thi cong con co bo phan
KCS tren Giam sat oc lap c s ch ao cua ban Giam oc
Cong ty.
Bo phan KCS se lap so nhat ky cong trng e cap
nhat hang ngay cac yeu to ve ieu kien thi cong nh thi
tiet, tien trnh thi cong hay nhng thay oi, bo xung so vi thiet
ke, nhng vi pham co the xay ra, gay anh hng en chat
lng cong trnh.
Bo phan KCS cung chu trach nhiem ch ao lay mau th
nghiem ve vat lieu thi cong. Cac mau nay c lu gi, trnh
khi nghiem thu, nh ly lch xuat xng cua cac loai vat lieu
giao en cong trnh.
Cong trng se the hien cac bieu mau the hien tien
trnh thi cong, nghiem thu cong tac phan khuat se ap dung
theo mau cua nha nc quy nh.
Co so nhat ky cong trng ghi ro tnh hnh thi cong hang
ngay tren cong trng, can bo A, B ghi ro nhan xet hang
ngay vao so nhat ky nay.
2) Kiem tra vat t,vat lieu,cau kien uc san
Nha thau tuan thu cac yeu cau ky thuat hien hanh ve
vat t, vat lieu cho tat ca cac phan viec c the hien trong
ho s thiet ke hang muc cong trnh.
* a
- a dung e xay lat se la nguon a sach, cng, ben
chac, chu c nc va thi tiet.
- Trong lng rieng se khong nho hn 2.4T/m3.
- Kch thc vien a ln nhat se la 2/3 o day cua lp a
xay hoac lat hoan thien. Kch thc nho nhat se la 1/3 o
day cua lp xay hoac lat hoan thien.
- Vien a co hnh dang khoi, cac vien a hnh tron se c
chap nhan.
- Cac vien a khi xay hoac lat se c la chon ve kch
thc va hnh dang va phai tranh cac lo rong.
* Xi mang
- Xi mang dung e xay la xi mang Portland phu hp vi tieu
chuan TCVN 2682 1992. Trc khi tien hanh thi cong xay lat
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

nha thau se e trnh chng ch vat lieu va ket qua th

nghiem xi mang cho TVGS xem xet va chap thuan.
- Ch dung xi mang ong bao, co ghi nhan mac theo ung
loai a c chap thuan.
* Cat
Cat c s dung cho va xay la cat t nhien, sach khong
lan tap chat co hai va thoa man theo yeu cau cua tieu
chuan 14TCN 80 2001.
* Nc
Nc s dung phai la nc sach, khong lan dau m, bun
at, mun va cac tap chat co hai, phu hp vi cac yeu cau
cua tieu chuan TCVN 4506 87.
* Va xay
Va xay la va xi mang phu hp vi tieu chuan 14TCN 80
2001.
* a dam em
a dam em c nghien t a t nhien cng co cap
phoi phu hp vi cap phoi trong bang sau :
Thanh phan hat (th nghiem theo TCVN 4198 95)
Kch c lo sang vuong (mm)

Ty le % qua sang

37.5

100

25

72 100

12.5

38 69

4.75

26 55

19 43

0.425

9 24

0.075

2 10

Trong qua trnh thi cong, ngoai nhng yeu cau ky thuat
a c the hien trong ho s thau, Nha thau se chap hanh
nghiem ngat cac yeu cau do Chu au t va Thiet ke qui nh.
Thc hien ung theo nhng tieu chuan va qui pham hien hanh
cua Nha nc.
TT

CONG TAC

Vat lieu:
Cat - xi mang
- thep nc
thi cong - phu
gia

Thi cong at

Cong Trnh:

CAC TIEU CHUAN - QUI PHAM

TCVN 4032-85; TCVN 2682-1992

TCVN 4506-87; TCVN 1654-85
14 TCN 68-88; 14 TCN 80-90; 14 TCN 70-88
14 TCN 66-88; 14 TCN 72-88; 14 TCN 76-88; 14
TCN 74-88
QPTL 2.66; QPTL D6-78
TCVN 4447-87

HO S E XUAT

QPTL D4-80; QPTL D1-74

Qui trnh TN phan tch hoa hoc cua at (so
451/ QKT)

Thi cong
ng
Cac lp
mong lp
be tong
Asphalt.

Tuan theo cac yeu cau trong thiet ke & ho

s ky thuat.
Quy trnh thiet ke ao ng mem 22 TCN211-93

Ho s hoan
cong

ieu le quan ly chat lng cong trnh so

498/BXD-Q ky ngay 18/9/1996 cua Bo xay
dng.
Cong van so 197 CV/XD-CB ky ngay
10/3/1993 cua Bo Thuy li cu.
Qui che Bao hanh xay lap cong trnh theo
quyet nh so 499 BXD/Q ky ngay
18/9/1996 cua Bo trng Bo xay dng.
Ngh nh 209/2004/N-CP cua Chnh phu

* Gach Terrazo : Kch thc gach theo thiet ke:

+ Chieu day lp mat vien gach khong nho hn 8mm,
chenh leach chieu day tren cung mot vien gach khong ln
hn 1mm, Sai lech o vuong goc khong ln hn 1mm,Cong
venh mat mai nhan khong ln hn 0.5mm.
+ Sc v canh tren toan bo chu vi lp v mat sau
khong qua 1mm, dai khong qua 10mm, tnh bang so vet
khong ln hn 1. Khong co st goc lp mat
+ o mai mon lp mat khong ln hn 0.45g/cm 2, o chu
lc xung kch khong nho hn 20 lan.
+ o cng lp mat at yeu cau ( o cng lp mat c
xac nh bang cach dung cha vach bang ong co li vach
rong 5mm, day 0.5mm, canh khong sat, dung cha vach lean
be mat san pham cac v tr khac nhau, sau khi vach
khong e lai vet han tren be mat san pham th c xem
la at yeu cau.)
+ Gach loai 1 do cac nha may san xuat trong nc va
phai c chao mau cho chu au t la chon trc khi cung
ng en cong trng. Yeu cau at cac ch tieu toi thieu
theo quy nh ve o chnh xac cua kch thc, o day men,
o bong, khong ran nt, khong vet khuyet, chat lng
ong nhat.
+ Gach op lat trc khi a vao thi cong phai c kiem
tra chat lng phu hp vi chung loai vat lieu a mi va
d thau.
3) Th nghiem va kiem nghiem chat lng
- Kiem tra tim cong bang may kinh v. Kiem tra cao o
bang may thuy bnh.
- Kiem tra ty le pha tron va xay va be tong bang cac
hoc ong, can vat lieu cho mot bao xi mang. Gii han thi gian
Cong Trnh:

HO S E XUAT

thi cong cua va xay e s dung het lng va tron ra trc

khi bat au ong ket.
- Xac nh lng nc pha tron theo thc te bang lng
nc thiet ke tr i lng nc a co san trong o am cot
lieu.
- Dung sung ban th cng o be tong e kiem tra ong
cong.
- Co ay u khuon lay mau va xay e kiem tra chat
lng.
- Ngay sau khi ket thuc cac khoi xay thc hien cong tac
bao dng theo ung che o bao dng be tong.
- C can bo ky thuat co kinh nghiem thi cong cong e
ch ao thi cong. Thng xuyen kiem tra trong qua trnh thi cong
t khau uc cong en lap at hoan thien
4) He thong bao cao, bieu mau phuc vu quan ly
chat lng
- He thong bien bao, tieu lenh, noi quy phai ro rang, ay
u va e ni de nhn thay.
- Khi xay ra s co phai bao ngay cho cac c quan lien quan
va to chc x ly ngay bang lc lng, ieu kien san co
tai cong trng.

Cong Trnh: