3.

Properties of Matter (Ch-1)

Physical properties
o Properties which can be measured or observed without changing the identity or
composition of the substance
o Example Colour, odour, melting point, boiling point, density, etc.

Chemical Properties
o Properties in which chemical change in the substance takes place
o Examples Characteristic reactions of different substances such as acidity,
basicity, combustibility, reactions with other elements and compounds
o Quantitative properties can be of the following types:

Measurement of properties

Systems of Measurement
o English system
o Metric system
o International system of units (SI)

The International System of Units (SI)

Seven base units

Base Physical Quantity

Symbol for Quantity

Name of SI Unit

Symbol for SI Unit

Length

metre

Mass

kilogram

kg

Time

second

Electric current

ampere

Temperature

kelvin

Amount of substance

mole

mol

Luminous intensity

lv

candela

cd

Definitions of SI base units

Unit of length

metre

The metre is the length of the path travelled by light in

vacuum during a time interval of

1/299 792 458 of a second.

Unit of mass

kilogram

The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of

the international prototype of the kilogram.

Unit of time

second

The second is the duration of

9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the
transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground
state of the caesium-133 atom.

Unit of electric
current

ampere

The ampere is that constant current, which if maintained in

two straight parallel conductors of infinite length of
negligible circular cross-section and placed 1 metre apart
in vacuum, would produce a force equal to 2 107
Newton per metre of length between these conductors.

Unit of
thermodynamic
temperature

kelvin

The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the

fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the
triple point of water.

Unit of amount of
substance

mole

1. The mole is the amount of substance of a system, which

contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in
0.012 kilogram of carbon-12; its symbol is mol.
2. When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be
specified and these may be atoms, molecules, ions,
electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such
particles.

Unit of luminous
intensity

candela

The candela is the luminous intensity (in a given direction)

of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of

frequency 540 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity

in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.

Prefixes used to indicate the multiples or submultiples of a unit.

Multiple

Prefix

Symbol

1024

yocto

1021

zepto

1018

atto

1015

femto

1012

pico

109

nano

106

micro

103

milli

102

centi

101

deci

10

deca

da

102

hecto

103

kilo

106

mega

109

giga

1012

tera

1015

peta

1018

exa

1021

zeta

1024

yotta

Mass and Weight

Mass

Weight

Amount of matter present in an object

Force exerted on an object by gravity

Constant, irrespective of the place

Vary from place to place due to change in gravity

Mass can be determined accurately by using an analytical balance.

SI unit of mass = Kilogram (kg)

1 kg = 1000 g = 106 mg

Volume

Amount of space occupied by an object

Has the units of (length)3

SI unit = m3

Often used units = dm3, L

1 dm3 = 1000 cm3

1 L = 1000 mL

Litre is equal in size to dm3.

Millilitre is equal in size to cm3.

Measuring devices Burette, pipette, graduated cylinder, volumetric flask

Density

Amount of mass per unit volume

i.e., Density

SI unit of density =

or kg m3

Often used unit = g cm3

Temperature

Three scales degree Celsius (C)

degree Fahrenheit (F)

kelvin (K)

SI unit = Kelvin (K)

Thermometers using different temperature scales

Relation between F and C scale

F = (C) + 32

Relation between K and C scale

K = C + 273.15

Negative values of temperature are possible in C scale, but not in F and K scale.

Example
The boiling point of water at sea level is 212 F. What is its equivalent in Kelvin scale?
Solution:
To convert temperature from Fahrenheit scale into Kelvin scale, the following equations are
used.

F = (C) + 32
C = (F 32)/1.8
K = C + 273.15
Converting F into C,
C = (212 32)/1.8
= 100
Therefore, the boiling point of water is 100C converting C into K.
K = C + 273.15
= 100 + 273.15
= 373.15
Hence, 212F is equivalent to 373.15 K.

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